but_o in_o respect_v of_o of_o testis_fw-la hence_o do_v we_o plead_v so_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o scripture_n we_o say_v that_o we_o believe_v that_o which_o the_o church_n deliver_v because_o god_n say_v it_o to_o our_o heart_n by_o his_o holy_a spirit_n this_o be_v divinum_fw-la the_o church_n of_o rome_n say_v we_o be_v to_o believe_v it_o because_o the_o church_n say_v it_o but_o that_o be_v but_o humanum_fw-la ergo_fw-la not_o so_o excellent_a again_o they_o be_v not_o content_a to_o make_v the_o church_n a_o witness_n of_o the_o scripture_n but_o most_o absurd_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o but_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o author_n of_o they_o so_o he_o be_v the_o witness_a by_o his_o spirit_n and_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o another_o to_o consider_v he_o as_o the_o testis_fw-la thereof_o in_o divinis_fw-la testimoniis_fw-la numerantur_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la deorum_fw-la oraculi_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la responsa_fw-la vatum_fw-la &_o fatidiorum_fw-la our_o author_n bring_v devilish_a example_n not_o divine_a and_o he_o may_v have_v do_v much_o better_a if_o he_o have_v bring_v testimony_n out_o of_o scripture_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o do_v not_o be_v this_o we_o know_v logic_n be_v a_o general_a art_n of_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o ergo_fw-la the_o scripture_n not_o be_v receive_v among_o all_o people_n and_o he_o regard_v that_o which_o be_v more_o common_a in_o use_n as_o the_o poet_n fable_n and_o such_o like_a and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o general_o receive_v ergo_fw-la he_o omit_v the_o scripture_n now_o here_o in_o the_o example_n follow_v we_o shall_v see_v that_o these_o oracula_fw-la be_v oracula_fw-la diabolorum_fw-la and_o responsa_fw-la vatum_fw-la be_v of_o liar_n so_o that_o we_o must_v understand_v by_o divinum_fw-la testimonium_fw-la that_o which_o be_v divinum_fw-la in_o truth_n and_o not_o only_o in_o name_n for_o as_o there_o be_v many_o call_v god_n and_o yet_o but_o one_o true_a god_n so_o there_o be_v many_o divine_a testimony_n and_o yet_o but_o one_o true_a divine_a testimony_n cicero_n 3_o catiline_n nam_fw-la ut_fw-la illa_fw-la omittam_fw-la ait_fw-la orator_n visas_fw-la nocturno_fw-la tempore_fw-la ab_fw-la occidente_fw-la face_n ardoremque_fw-la coeli_fw-la ut_fw-la fluminum_fw-la jactus_fw-la etc._n etc._n strange_a sign_n be_v see_v about_o the_o time_n of_o catilins_n conspiracy_n burn_v heat_n flashing_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n so_o that_o the_o god_n do_v by_o they_o witness_v these_o thing_n so_o when_o god_n do_v at_o any_o time_n show_v forth_o his_o justice_n as_o he_o do_v in_o jerusalem_n by_o the_o sword_n hang_v over_o it_o and_o by_o the_o strange_a bring_v forth_o of_o the_o lamb_n by_o a_o heifer_n stand_v at_o the_o altar_n to_o be_v sacrifice_v or_o by_o comet_n &_o such_o like_a they_o be_v testimony_n of_o some_o judgement_n to_o come_v deinde_fw-la paulo_fw-la post_fw-la quo_fw-la quidem_fw-la tempore_fw-la cum_fw-la aruspices_fw-la ex_fw-la tota_fw-la hetruria_n convenissent_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o tully_n make_v many_o divine_a testimony_n of_o catilins_n conspiracy_n and_o of_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n tandem_fw-la cum_fw-la dixisset_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la aruspicum_fw-la responsis_fw-la ludi_fw-la facti_fw-la &_o jovis_n signum_fw-la majus_fw-la factum_fw-la conversumque_fw-la ad_fw-la orientem_fw-la tum_fw-la ait_fw-la nun_n illud_fw-la vero_fw-la ita_fw-la praesens_fw-la erat_fw-la ut_fw-la nutu_fw-la jovis_n optimi_fw-la maximi_fw-la factum_fw-la esse_fw-la videatur_fw-la tully_n make_v this_o among_o the_o rest_n a_o sign_n of_o catalin_n conspiracy_n they_o have_v make_v jupiter_n image_n a_o very_a little_a one_o and_o therefore_o they_o take_v it_o down_o and_o make_v it_o big_a and_o it_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o stool_n look_v towards_o the_o senate_n even_o at_o that_o time_n when_o these_o fellow_n of_o catalin_n go_v through_o the_o town_n and_o thereby_o it_o do_v as_o it_o be_v command_v the_o senator_n to_o look_v after_o these_o wretched_a fellow_n brevis_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la tibulli_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la vera_fw-la canunt_fw-la sacris_fw-la oracula_fw-la templis_fw-la haec_fw-la illi_fw-la nostro_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicta_fw-la refer_v hoc_fw-la tibi_fw-la conjugium_fw-la prâ—mittit_fw-la delius_n ipse_fw-la faelix_fw-la ac_fw-la alium_fw-la desine_fw-la velle_fw-la virum_fw-la he_o will_v persuade_v she_o to_o marry_v because_o apollo_n have_v foretell_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v fortunate_a with_o they_o chap._n xxxiii_o de_fw-fr testimonio_fw-la humano_fw-la legis_fw-la &_o sententiae_fw-la testimonium_fw-la humanum_fw-la est_fw-la common_a aut_fw-la proprium_fw-la know_v that_o a_o humane_a testimony_n do_v rest_n upon_o the_o artificial_a argument_n it_o can_v be_v so_o strong_a as_o divinum_fw-la be_v yet_o it_o may_v be_v true_a est_fw-fr common_a aut_fw-la proprium_fw-la because_o the_o more_o witness_n it_o have_v the_o strong_a it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v testify_v by_o one_o man_n alone_o be_v weak_a because_o one_o man_n may_v soon_o be_v deceive_v than_o many_o he_o may_v see_v only_o one_o artificial_a argument_n they_o may_v see_v more_o yea_o all_o so_o that_o as_o a_o divine_a testimony_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o humane_a so_o a_o humane_a that_o be_v common_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v and_o receive_v before_o a_o humane_a that_o be_v proper_a commune_fw-la ut_fw-la lex_fw-la &_o illustris_fw-la sententia_fw-la lex_fw-la a_o law_n a_o rule_n which_o be_v receive_v either_o by_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o of_o some_o peculiar_a country_n as_o the_o law_n of_o a_o private_a state_n and_o this_o have_v less_o force_n in_o it_o than_o the_o former_a ergo_fw-la if_o the_o witness_n stand_v of_o more_o together_o and_o of_o one_o alone_a still_o hold_v all_o of_o they_o prudent_a virtuous_a and_o benevolent_a we_o be_v to_o receive_v that_o which_o be_v witness_v by_o more_o man_n soon_o than_o the_o other_o now_o then_o where_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n reason_n with_o we_o it_o be_v not_o better_a to_o go_v to_o the_o church_n than_o to_o a_o private_a man_n yes_o but_o they_o must_v be_v prudent_a virtuous_a and_o benevolent_a again_o they_o must_v see_v the_o artificial_a argument_n of_o that_o witness_n for_o else_o if_o one_o man_n shall_v bring_v testimony_n from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n we_o be_v rather_o to_o receive_v he_o else_o we_o prefer_v a_o humane_a testimony_n before_o a_o divine_a again_o if_o it_o be_v a_o humane_a testimony_n and_o a_o humane_a testimony_n that_o we_o compare_v together_o let_v not_o a_o private_a man_n stand_v up_o to_o stir_v with_o his_o mere_a testimony_n against_o a_o whole_a assembly_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o creed_n be_v general_o receive_v in_o all_o church_n be_v this_o because_o it_o have_v a_o divine_a testimony_n ergo_fw-la next_o to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o church_n we_o be_v to_o prefer_v the_o common_a testimony_n and_o then_o the_o private_a as_o it_o do_v not_o jar_n with_o the_o common_a one_o illustris_fw-la sententia_fw-la for_o though_o it_o be_v not_o a_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o general_o receive_v as_o notable_a for_o truth_n now_o he_o call_v it_o illustris_fw-la oppose_v it_o to_o obscura_fw-la which_o though_o it_o may_v have_v truth_n in_o it_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o so_o famous_a to_o be_v receive_v we_o say_v vox_fw-la populi_fw-la be_v vox_fw-la dei_fw-la because_o all_o truth_n come_v from_o he_o legis_fw-la autem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la scriptae_fw-la &_o scriptae_fw-la testimonium_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la milone_n est_fw-la enim_fw-la judices_fw-la non_fw-la scripta_fw-la sed_fw-la nata_fw-la lex_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la didicimus_fw-la accepimus_fw-la legimus_fw-la verum_fw-la ex_fw-la natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la arripuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o there_o be_v some_o law_n that_o be_v custom_n and_o they_o be_v not_o write_v indeed_o in_o civil_a affair_n it_o so_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o we_o can_v see_v all_o but_o be_v fain_o to_o leave_v some_o thing_n to_o custom_n yet_o there_o may_v be_v some_o law_n write_v in_o our_o heart_n which_o we_o call_v natural_a this_o be_v witness_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o man_n to_o defend_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n et_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la duodecem_fw-la tabulae_fw-la nocturnem_fw-la furem_fw-la quoquo_fw-la modo_fw-la diurnum_fw-la autem_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la telo_fw-la defender_n it_z interfici_fw-la impune_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la &c_n &c_n why_o a_o man_n may_v slay_v his_o adversary_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n which_o in_o the_o night_n time_n allow_v it_o sententiae_fw-la illustres_fw-la sunt_fw-la proverbia_fw-la that_o be_v old_z say_z as_o they_o call_v they_o because_o they_o be_v general_o receive_v be_v call_v proverb_n ut_fw-la pares_fw-la cum_fw-la paribus_fw-la facillime_fw-la congregantur_fw-la bird_n of_o a_o feather_n will_v fly_v together_o sparctam_fw-la nactus_fw-la es_fw-la you_o have_v a_o office_n look_v to_o it_o this_o be_v occasion_v thus_o when_o they_o have_v choose_v their_o king_n at_o sparta_n
rule_n of_o grammar_n join_v a_o nominative_a case_n and_o a_o verb_n together_o i_o can_v also_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n undo_v they_o again_o and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a and_o this_o we_o call_v construe_v of_o latin_a which_o indeed_o be_v distrue_v for_o it_o be_v analysis_n for_o we_o pull_v that_o asunder_o which_o tully_n have_v lay_v together_o and_o indeed_o none_o can_v well_o undo_v a_o thing_n but_o he_o that_o have_v make_v it_o or_o one_o that_o know_v how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o therefore_o we_o do_v not_o send_v for_o a_o joiner_n to_o pull_v down_o a_o house_n but_o for_o a_o carpenter_n ergo_fw-la if_o every_o thing_n have_v his_o genesis_n and_o analysis_n art_n must_v also_o have_v they_o which_o follow_v the_o thing_n genesis_n est_fw-la progressus_fw-la artis_fw-la a_o simplicibus_fw-la ad_fw-la composita_fw-la this_o art_n have_v his_o genesis_n which_o be_v a_o progress_n for_o genesis_n begin_v at_o the_o simples_n and_o so_o go_v to_o the_o composites_n therefore_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o progress_n now_o every_o thing_n but_o god_n be_v compose_v of_o simples_n therefore_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o genesis_n of_o every_o art_n which_o still_o follow_v the_o thing_n so_o logic_n first_o look_v at_o the_o invention_n of_o thing_n then_o at_o the_o axiom_n syllogism_n and_o method_n so_o grammar_n first_o begin_v with_o letter_n then_o with_o syllable_n then_o with_o word_n then_o with_o sentence_n and_o arithmetic_n first_o consider_v simple_a number_n then_o comparative_a etc._n etc._n so_o geometry_n first_o look_v at_o line_n then_o at_o superficies_n then_o at_o corpus_fw-la so_o natural_a philosophy_n first_o begin_v with_o simple_a nature_n then_o with_o composites_n first_o with_o those_o that_o be_v without_o life_n than_o those_o that_o live_v first_o a_o simple_a life_n second_o those_o that_o live_v a_o composite_a life_n analysis_n est_fw-la regressus_fw-la a_o compositis_fw-la ad_fw-la simplicia_fw-la analysis_n be_v a_o unwind_n of_o a_o bottom_n of_o thread_n which_o we_o wound_v up_o before_o so_o we_o analyse_v that_o which_o be_v genise_v before_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o regressio_fw-la &c_n &c_n for_o that_o way_n that_o you_o take_v in_o genesi_fw-la the_o same_o way_n you_o take_v in_o analysi_fw-la only_o you_o begin_v at_o divers_a end_n so_o in_o logic_n we_o take_v a_o axiom_n and_o resolve_v it_o into_o argument_n and_o so_o in_o grammar_n we_o take_v a_o sentence_n and_o resolve_v it_o into_o word_n and_o so_o when_o i_o ask_v what_o a_o word_n signify_v he_o that_o tell_v i_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o do_v analyse_v it_o and_o so_o for_o the_o other_o art_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o genesis_n now_o the_o school_n think_v that_o genesis_fw-la and_o analysis_n belong_v to_o method_n in_o logic_n which_o happy_o they_o may_v have_v from_o aristotle_n who_o intitule_v his_o book_n analytic_n and_o thence_o they_o make_v method_n to_o be_v double_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o they_o belong_v to_o every_o art_n therefore_o must_v be_v teach_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o again_o there_o be_v genesis_fw-la and_o analysis_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o axiom_n as_o when_o i_o seek_v for_o a_o cause_n or_o any_o other_o argument_n to_o make_v a_o axiom_n or_o when_o i_o resolve_v it_o into_o a_o cause_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o when_o i_o ask_v what_o be_v latin_a for_o such_o a_o word_n i_o genise_v it_o and_o english_n it_o i_o analyse_v it_o so_o that_o they_o belong_v not_o to_o method_n which_o be_v a_o disposition_n for_o they_o may_v be_v of_o one_o word_n again_o they_o may_v be_v as_o well_o of_o any_o other_o rule_n as_o of_o method_n now_o because_o they_o do_v observe_v the_o analysis_n and_o genesis_fw-la in_o method_n more_o usual_o than_o of_o art_n in_o general_n therefore_o they_o think_v they_o to_o belong_v only_o to_o it_o now_o indeed_o if_o i_o take_v any_o rule_n of_o art_n from_o other_o rule_n of_o art_n i_o practise_v method_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v special_a practice_n of_o method_n for_o as_o say_v before_o they_o may_v be_v in_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o art_n as_o well_o as_o in_o it_o and_o method_n be_v not_o double_a because_o of_o they_o no_o more_o than_o any_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v double_a because_o of_o the_o double_a use_n of_o it_o and_o these_o be_v the_o life_n of_o art_n therefore_o those_o that_o will_v be_v expert_a for_o practice_v of_o any_o art_n let_v they_o practice_v these_o now_o for_o the_o general_a art_n i_o think_v none_o will_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o for_o the_o special_a art_n there_o may_v be_v some_o doubt_n if_o you_o draw_v any_o deduction_n from_o any_o first_o rule_n of_o any_o special_a art_n it_o be_v genesis_fw-la or_o if_o you_o draw_v deduction_n unto_o a_o first_o rule_n from_o it_o it_o be_v analysis_n etc._n etc._n so_o when_o you_o examine_v the_o sun_n course_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o astronomy_n it_o be_v genesis_fw-la analysis_n contra_fw-la this_o analysis_n if_o it_o be_v imitate_v for_o so_o it_o please_v the_o lord_n to_o let_v we_o resolve_v his_o creature_n that_o we_o may_v work_v alike_o that_o be_v call_v imitatio_fw-la so_o that_o those_o that_o have_v write_v so_o much_o of_o imitatio_fw-la be_v to_o bring_v it_o hither_o and_o imitatio_fw-la be_v general_a as_o we_o imitate_v some_o analysis_n of_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v genise_v and_o indeed_o all_o our_o practice_n be_v nothing_o but_o genesis_fw-la imitative_a of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o a_o child_n when_o he_o write_v a_o copy_n by_o his_o master_n example_n do_v imitate_v he_o for_o first_o he_o look_v at_o the_o line_n then_o at_o the_o sentence_n then_o at_o the_o word_n and_o last_o at_o the_o letter_n so_o a_o apprentice_n when_o he_o work_v according_a as_o his_o master_n reach_v he_o do_v imitate_v his_o example_n and_o thus_o as_o we_o see_v god_n wisdom_n make_v up_o the_o thing_n so_o we_o see_v man_n work_n in_o imitate_v god_n vbi_fw-la genesis_fw-la desinit_fw-la ibi_fw-la incipit_fw-la analysis_n for_o if_o genesis_fw-la be_v progressus_fw-la a_o simplicibus_fw-la ad_fw-la composita_fw-la and_o analysis_n regressus_fw-la a_o compositis_fw-la ad_fw-la simplicia_fw-la then_o genesis_fw-la definit_a ubi_fw-la incipit_fw-la analysis_n at_o ergo_fw-la again_o it_o follow_v that_o analysis_n conjuncta_fw-la be_v veer_fw-la hermineutica_fw-la or_o interpretativa_fw-la for_o when_o i_o have_v a_o example_n and_o do_v resolve_v the_o prattomenon_n give_v to_o every_o art_n his_o own_o i_o tell_v you_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o thing_n as_o in_o this_o example_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la bulla_fw-la but_o this_o late_a consecution_n will_v come_v in_o better_a in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o prattomenon_n prattomenon_fw-mi est_fw-la res_fw-la motu_fw-la artis_fw-la facta_fw-la prattomenon_fw-mi be_v that_o that_o the_o art_n have_v do_v by_o his_o praxis_fw-la for_o actio_fw-la must_v go_v before_o passio_fw-la and_o praxis_fw-la be_v before_o prattomenon_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o it_o be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o therefore_o must_v have_v a_o prattomenon_n for_o else_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o will_v be_v little_a worth_n now_o to_o prattomenon_n there_o belong_v two_o thing_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o when_o art_n have_v act_v and_o act_v a_o work_n it_o rest_v not_o there_o for_o it_o be_v for_o a_o use_n therefore_o there_o must_v go_v with_o prattomenon_fw-mi a_o use_n thereof_o now_o this_o use_n may_v be_v confuse_v with_o the_o prattomena_fw-la of_o other_o art_n so_o that_o this_o rule_n be_v here_o to_o be_v teach_v that_o the_o art_n for_o their_o precept_n be_v distinct_a but_o not_o for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o prattomena_n for_o use_n hold_v the_o prattomena_fw-la of_o art_n together_o as_o in_o this_o example_n all_o flesh_n be_v grass_n if_o it_o be_v examine_v for_o in_o this_o there_o be_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o logic_n grammar_n rhetoric_n natural_a philosophy_n and_o last_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o divinity_n hence_o we_o say_v the_o use_n of_o art_n be_v general_a but_o we_o mean_v the_o use_n of_o the_o prattomenon_n of_o art_n for_o the_o precept_n of_o art_n be_v not_o only_o distinct_a but_o the_o praxis_fw-la to_o and_o the_o prattomenon_n also_o till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o shipwright_n his_o rule_n of_o art_n be_v distinct_a his_o motus_fw-la be_v distinct_a and_o his_o prattomenon_n be_v distinct_a till_o you_o come_v to_o look_v at_o the_o manifold_a use_n of_o his_o prattomenon_n so_o first_o the_o shepherd_n have_v his_o prattomenon_n than_o the_o grazier_n he_o use_v the_o prattomenon_n of_o the_o
be_v accidental_a to_o a_o axiom_n for_o it_o may_v be_v subjectum_fw-la as_o well_o and_o both_o be_v accidental_a ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la why_o ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la because_o the_o end_n of_o a_o argument_n be_v to_o argue_v to_o play_v the_o argument_n as_o the_o eye_n to_o see_v ad_fw-la arguendum_fw-la because_o evermore_o when_o we_o fetch_v a_o argument_n to_o show_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o arguens_fw-la and_o do_v agere_fw-la the_o aliquid_fw-la be_v also_o a_o argument_n but_o it_o do_v pati_fw-la so_o that_o as_o quoth_v be_v general_a that_o be_v arguens_fw-la or_o do_v argue_v so_o it_o tell_v i_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v argue_v so_o hâ—mo_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la here_o homo_fw-la be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la and_o be_v argue_v by_o his_o genus_fw-la which_o charge_v homo_fw-la therefore_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n but_o be_v a_o argument_n and_o may_v argue_v or_o be_v argue_v but_o remember_v that_o both_o quod_fw-la and_o the_o aliquid_fw-la that_o be_v both_o the_o arguens_fw-la and_o argutum_fw-la do_v arguere_fw-la but_o the_o one_o first_o the_o other_o second_o the_o one_o do_v agere_fw-la the_o other_o do_v pati_fw-la and_o so_o reagere_fw-la the_o aliquid_fw-la tell_v i_o it_o be_v the_o first_o and_o then_o quod_fw-la come_v and_o argue_v it_o now_o will_v you_o argue_v than_o evermore_o look_v first_o and_o that_o careful_o whether_o your_o quod_fw-la will_v argue_v your_o aliquid_fw-la as_o will_v you_o build_v a_o house_n with_o sand_n that_o will_v not_o serve_v the_o turn_n for_o it_o be_v not_o affectum_fw-la to_o it_o neither_o have_v it_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o it_o so_o that_o by_o any_o mean_n let_v we_o keep_v close_o to_o our_o rule_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o do_v wrong_a the_o fallacian_n of_o the_o common_a logician_n of_o coxismus_n or_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la or_o cuculi_fw-la cantus_fw-la for_o they_o be_v all_o one_o as_o the_o cuckoo_n cry_v cuckoo_n the_o cuckoo_n be_v cuckoo_n ergo_fw-la the_o cuckoo_n cry_v cuckoo_n for_o here_o be_v no_o three_o argument_n and_o this_o be_v common_o the_o woman_n reason_n because_o it_o have_v so_o little_a reason_n in_o it_o as_o they_o will_v say_v it_o be_v so_o because_o it_o be_v so_o so_o that_o simplex_fw-la conuersio_fw-la among_o logician_n be_v a_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n as_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n ergo_fw-la aliquod_fw-la animal_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la other_o logician_n as_o polanus_fw-la call_v argumentum_fw-la thema_fw-la which_o be_v too_o special_a for_o thema_fw-la be_v take_v among_o school_n for_o a_o question_n to_o be_v judge_v by_o way_n of_o oration_n again_o every_o argument_n be_v not_o take_v as_o thema_fw-la than_o he_o say_v thema_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la which_o be_v argumentum_fw-la or_o compositum_fw-la which_o be_v quaestio_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o our_o logic_n go_v most_o orderly_o and_o that_o it_o look_v at_o ens_fw-la as_o it_o be_v simmont_v with_o another_o thing_n quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la singulae_fw-la rationes_fw-la solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la we_o have_v hear_v what_o argumentum_fw-la be_v and_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o we_o be_v to_o look_v at_o in_o simples_n be_v this_o the_o glue_n to_o be_v affection_a as_o if_o we_o shall_v look_v for_o a_o cause_n see_v whether_o it_o be_v affect_v to_o be_v so_o we_o have_v hear_v the_o fallacian_n in_o part_n before_o as_o first_o where_o there_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la and_o that_o either_o where_o there_o be_v no_o petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la and_o that_o either_o where_o there_o be_v no_o petitio_fw-la at_o all_o or_o where_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v utter_v in_o a_o synonymie_n or_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n again_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n when_o that_o be_v bring_v for_o a_o argument_n which_o be_v no_o argument_n as_o baculus_fw-la stat_fw-la in_o angulo_fw-la or_o when_o the_o three_o argument_n be_v more_o obscure_a and_o doubtful_a than_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o question_n these_o and_o all_o other_o petitiones_fw-la principii_fw-la be_v breach_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o general_n and_o not_o of_o any_o special_a one_o again_o it_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o argument_n when_o we_o mistake_v the_o aliquid_fw-la though_o the_o argument_n be_v good_a and_o so_o that_o heterozetesis_n be_v a_o fallace_n of_o argumentum_fw-la in_o genere_fw-la as_o when_o i_o talk_v of_o chalk_n he_o talk_v of_o cheese_n now_o we_o come_v to_o the_o commoration_n after_o argumentum_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la fingula_fw-la rationes_fw-la solae_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o have_v define_v argumentum_fw-la from_o that_o affection_n that_o be_v continual_o in_o it_o for_o the_o act_n be_v accidental_a and_o may_v be_v want_v for_o potentia_fw-la as_o we_o hear_v in_o nature_n arise_v from_o the_o act_n of_o the_o form_n upon_o the_o matter_n now_o he_o say_v singulae_fw-la that_o be_v argument_n by_o argument_n the_o cause_n alone_o the_o effect_n alone_o and_o so_o all_o the_o argument_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n he_o say_v rationes_fw-la rather_o than_o argumenta_fw-la first_o because_o there_o be_v a_o equivocation_n in_o that_o word_n many_o have_v think_v it_o to_o belong_v to_o a_o syllogism_n only_o and_o so_o when_o we_o say_v i_o deny_v your_o reason_n there_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o axiom_n now_o it_o be_v take_v sometime_o for_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_n sometime_o for_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o thing_n here_o he_o show_v that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o with_o argumentum_fw-la solae_fw-la that_o be_v as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o invention_n without_o judgement_n and_o that_o he_o explain_v further_o per_fw-la se_fw-la that_o be_v they_o be_v in_o their_o definition_n not_o respect_v with_o some_o thing_n external_o these_o be_v tale_n that_o be_v such_o as_o i_o have_v define_v unto_o you_o so_o that_o he_o do_v here_o commorari_fw-la because_o of_o difference_n with_o aristotle_n or_o rather_o with_o the_o aristotelian_o even_o as_o he_o stay_v before_o upon_o the_o definition_n of_o dialectica_fw-la for_o they_o think_v there_o be_v no_o argument_n but_o in_o judgement_n and_o therefore_o have_v question_n with_o ramus_n whether_o a_o argument_n be_v to_o be_v teach_v before_o we_o come_v to_o a_o syllogism_n ramus_n here_o propound_v it_o and_o determine_v it_o for_o his_o own_o part_n that_o it_o may_v be_v without_o judgement_n and_o look_v at_o other_o and_o you_o shall_v see_v they_o define_v all_o argument_n from_o their_o use_n in_o a_o syllogism_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o all_o topic_a place_n of_o aristotle_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o straight_o as_o they_o take_v it_o and_o ramus_n will_v teach_v we_o here_o that_o to_o argue_v be_v accidental_a to_o a_o argument_n and_o disposition_n to_o so_o that_o their_o mistake_n make_v he_o here_o to_o demur_v and_o stay_v upon_o it_o now_o indeed_o there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o argumentum_fw-la for_o though_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v dispose_v together_o yet_o they_o be_v sever_v at_o the_o first_o and_o again_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v they_o so_o still_o though_o they_o be_v together_o consideratae_fw-la he_o use_v this_o word_n because_o thought_n invention_n and_o judgement_n be_v join_v together_o in_o nature_n yet_o he_o will_v here_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o be_v to_o sever_v they_o by_o our_o consideration_n as_o thus_o i_o can_v see_v heat_n without_o fire_n cold_a without_o water_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o singulae_fw-la rationeâ—_n be_v solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la non_fw-la in_o usu_fw-la for_o so_o they_o can_v be_v but_o they_o be_v solae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la se_fw-la consideratae_fw-la in_o consideration_n for_o so_o they_o be_v he_o say_v quail_n because_o argumentum_fw-la be_v define_v from_o his_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o affection_n and_o property_n be_v quality_n argumentum_fw-la est_fw-la artificiale_a aut_fw-la inartificiale_a this_o affection_n or_o glue_v be_v artificiale_a or_o inartificiale_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v argumâ—ntum_fw-la have_v this_o affection_n ex_fw-la sese_fw-la and_o it_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la or_o it_o be_v not_o ex_fw-la sese_fw-la but_o from_o some_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o every_o argument_n be_v affect_v but_o two_o way_n one_o as_o a_o artificial_a argument_n the_o other_o as_o a_o inartificial_a now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o distribution_n be_v this_o god_n have_v make_v all_o thing_n for_o man_n and_o at_o the_o begin_n for_o one_o man_n and_o they_o be_v to_o conduce_v to_o one_o but_o all_o thing_n can_v come_v under_o one_o man_n eye_n of_o reason_n therefore_o that_o he_o may_v be_v better_o furnish_v herein_o god_n have_v provide_v these_o two_o the_o one_o whereby_o he_o may_v see_v by_o himself_o
humo_fw-la here_o be_v the_o material_a cause_n and_o effect_v but_o at_o the_o second_o hand_n when_o i_o consider_v how_o man_n be_v make_v ab_fw-la humo_fw-la and_o from_o thence_o denominate_v he_o homo_fw-la there_o it_o be_v that_o second_o logic_n so_o that_o the_o first_o invention_n only_o look_v at_o the_o thing_n without_o consideration_n of_o the_o name_n the_o second_o invention_n look_v both_o at_o the_o thing_n and_o at_o the_o name_n so_o when_o i_o denominate_v homo_fw-la from_o that_o thing_n justice_n in_o he_o to_o be_v iustùs_fw-la i_o mean_v not_o the_o name_n nor_o the_o thing_n but_o the_o name_n and_o the_o thing_n together_o for_o orta_fw-la a_o primis_fw-la perinde_v sunt_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la arguunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la prima_fw-la unde_fw-la oriuntur_fw-la ergo_fw-la there_o must_v be_v both_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o argument_n in_o they_o and_o that_o affectio_fw-la also_o so_o in_o a_o distribution_n if_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o distributio_fw-la ex_fw-la effect_n be_v as_o in_o navi_fw-la alii_fw-la malos_fw-la scandunt_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la fores_fw-la cursitant_n etc._n etc._n here_o malos_fw-la scandere_fw-la per_fw-la fores_fw-la cursitare_fw-la sentinam_fw-la exhaurire_fw-la be_v cause_n and_o effect_n first_o but_o as_o these_o nautae_fw-la be_v distribute_v by_o their_o effect_n here_o be_v the_o orta_fw-la categoria_fw-la the_o arise_v argue_v so_o in_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la causis_fw-la of_o integrum_fw-la into_o membra_fw-la the_o first_o invention_n be_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o second_o invention_n be_v they_o two_o together_o in_o the_o member_n make_v up_o the_o integrum_fw-la so_o in_o a_o distribution_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la into_o the_o species_n as_o in_o animali_fw-la there_o be_v essentia_fw-la corporea_fw-la plena_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o sensus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o homo_fw-la and_o brutum_fw-la then_o there_o be_v a_o symbolum_fw-la of_o they_o when_o we_o jumble_v they_o together_o so_o in_o a_o distribution_n ex_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v aeger_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v sanus_fw-la here_o be_v both_o subjectum_fw-la and_o adjunctum_fw-la but_o when_o i_o make_v a_o distribution_n and_o say_v homo_fw-la est_fw-la aeger_fw-la aut_fw-la sanus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o second_o logic_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o community_n of_o a_o cause_n a_o effect_n a_o subject_n a_o adjunct_n for_o that_o cause_v these_o distribution_n so_o in_o a_o definition_n there_o be_v first_o genus_fw-la which_o arise_v from_o matter_n and_o form_n then_o the_o second_o invention_n of_o they_o be_v the_o heap_v of_o they_o together_o so_o as_o they_o make_v but_o one_o argument_n namely_o definitio_fw-la so_o in_o a_o distribution_n though_o there_o may_v be_v more_o argument_n yet_o be_v they_o also_o heap_v together_o to_o make_v one_o argument_n namely_o descriptio_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la suae_fw-la originis_fw-la this_o be_v true_a in_o respect_n of_o ortum_fw-la which_o make_v ramus_n so_o define_v it_o but_o i_o have_v rather_o respect_v the_o definition_n of_o argumentum_fw-la quod_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquid_fw-la arguendum_fw-la affectum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o to_o say_v artificiale_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la primum_fw-la primitus_fw-la and_o so_o we_o shall_v deliver_v it_o as_o it_o act_v which_o be_v best_a primum_fw-la est_fw-la simplex_fw-la seu_fw-la absolutum_fw-la aut_fw-la comparatum_fw-la i_o rather_o say_v absolutum_fw-la because_o absolutum_fw-la and_o simplex_fw-la be_v more_o oppose_v and_o so_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v oppose_v now_o these_o simple_a argument_n do_v look_v at_o those_o that_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v his_o meaning_n as_o when_o i_o say_v the_o wall_n be_v white_a here_o i_o look_v at_o the_o wall_n as_o it_o be_v simple_a and_o absolute_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o in_o like_a sort_n at_o whiteness_n as_o it_o be_v simple_a and_o absolute_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n so_o that_o the_o absolute_a argument_n look_v evermore_o at_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v absolute_a in_o themselves_o as_o when_o i_o say_v a_o chest_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n i_o look_v at_o both_o of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v simple_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n now_o the_o comparate_a do_v not_o consider_v the_o thing_n absolute_o but_o with_o another_o so_o in_o a_o chest_n if_o i_o consider_v the_o quantity_n of_o it_o here_o the_o chest_n and_o its_o quantity_n be_v simple_a argument_n but_o when_o i_o say_v it_o be_v great_a than_o a_o less_o chest_n or_o contra_fw-la than_o they_o be_v comparate_v so_o that_o the_o comparison_n lie_v as_o it_o be_v respect_v with_o some_o other_o thing_n so_o that_o the_o comparative_a quantity_n or_o quality_n be_v another_o thing_n the_o absolute_a greatness_n or_o littleness_n likeness_n or_o unlikeness_n for_o that_o which_o be_v absolve_v greatness_n may_v be_v comparative_a littleness_n aut_fw-la contra_fw-la absolutum_fw-la est_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la aut_fw-la dissentaneum_fw-la object_n but_o how_o be_v disagreer_n in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la answ_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o one_o part_n of_o disagreer_n be_v not_o but_o the_o other_o be_v so_o that_o the_o absolute_a consideration_n have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o thing_n wherewith_o it_o agree_v aut_fw-la contra_fw-la as_o ratio_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o itself_o so_o it_o be_v argumentum_fw-la simplex_fw-la seu_fw-la absolutum_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o homo_fw-la it_o be_v consentaneum_fw-la and_o go_v to_o his_o constitution_n consider_v it_o with_o irrationale_fw-la and_o there_o it_o tell_v i_o it_o will_v not_o be_v that_o so_o that_o which_o make_v fire_n not_o to_o be_v water_n be_v in_o the_o artificio_fw-la of_o fire_n so_o that_o which_o cause_v dissension_n be_v in_o the_o artificio_fw-la of_o that_o thing_n that_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v consentaneum_fw-la and_o dissentaneum_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la if_o we_o look_v at_o another_o thing_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o black_a and_o white_a there_o be_v that_o in_o black_a which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v black_a and_o there_o be_v moreover_o that_o in_o black_a which_o make_v it_o not_o to_o be_v white_a so_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n in_o divers_a respect_n be_v consentanie_n and_o dissentanie_n so_o that_o white_a or_o black_a consider_v with_o the_o wall_n may_v be_v consentanie_n consider_v it_o with_o that_o which_o dissent_v from_o it_o so_o it_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la and_o all_o these_o must_v we_o see_v if_o we_o will_v see_v any_o thing_n thorough_o first_o we_o must_v see_v the_o affectio_fw-la in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la then_o primitus_fw-la then_o absolute_a than_o consentanie_n then_o absolute_a quod_fw-la consentit_fw-la cum_fw-la re_fw-la therefore_o this_o be_v clear_o in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o so_o be_v dissentaneum_fw-la too_o that_o consentit_fw-la hence_o we_o see_v consideration_n to_o be_v general_a between_o thing_n and_o they_o be_v make_v so_o for_o else_o they_o will_v never_o make_v up_o one_o whole_a as_o all_o creature_n make_v up_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v concordia_fw-la discors_fw-la and_o discordia_fw-la concor_fw-la that_o make_v all_o thing_n now_o as_o there_o be_v consention_n in_o all_o thing_n so_o also_o there_o be_v dissension_n for_o else_o all_o thing_n shall_v be_v one_o thus_o the_o lord_n make_v all_o thing_n to_o show_v forth_o his_o wisdom_n and_o mighty_a power_n that_o all_o thing_n shall_v consent_v together_o and_o yet_o be_v many_o consentaneum_fw-la est_fw-la absolute_a aut_fw-la modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la for_o some_o thing_n agree_v absolute_o other_o but_o after_o a_o sort_n absolutum_fw-la be_v absolute_o require_v for_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n the_o other_o be_v but_o complemental_a so_o that_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o if_o we_o will_v see_v any_o thing_n first_o look_v what_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la then_o look_v what_o be_v primitus_fw-la there_o than_o what_o be_v absolute_a than_o what_o be_v consentanie_n than_o what_o be_v simple_o require_v to_o the_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n absolute_a that_o be_v so_o agree_v to_o the_o thing_n that_o if_o the_o one_o be_v not_o there_o the_o other_o will_v not_o be_v there_o &_o contra_fw-la as_o if_o any_o one_o cause_n be_v want_v there_o will_v be_v no_o effect_n if_o there_o be_v a_o concur_v of_o all_o the_o cause_n than_o a_o effect_n if_o no_o cause_n no_o effect_n &_o contra_fw-la if_o a_o effect_n then_o all_o the_o cause_n if_o no_o effect_n no_o concurrence_n of_o cause_n so_o that_o this_o absolute_a agreement_n do_v put_v a_o necessity_n of_o each_o other_o being_n now_o absolute_a and_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la be_v definition_n of_o themselves_o for_o he_o want_v word_n and_o therefore_o deliver_v the_o definitum_fw-la by_o the_o definitio_fw-la so_o that_o to_o ask_v a_o definition_n of_o absolute_a or_o
modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la be_v as_o if_o one_o shall_v ask_v a_o definition_n of_o animal_n ratione_fw-la absolute_a ut_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la the_o cause_n give_v esse_fw-la to_o the_o effect_n therefore_o without_o these_o esses_fw-la the_o thing_n can_v existere_fw-la ergo_fw-la there_o be_v absolute_o require_v in_o like_a sort_n in_o the_o existere_fw-la of_o the_o effect_n you_o may_v see_v the_o concurrence_n of_o all_o the_o esses_fw-la of_o all_o the_o cause_n therefore_o these_o be_v absolute_a consentanea_fw-la hence_o we_o learn_v that_o all_o the_o cause_n must_v go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o again_o if_o any_o effect_n than_o there_o must_v be_v all_o the_o cause_n so_o than_o we_o see_v how_o the_o one_o being_n depend_v necessary_o upon_o the_o other_o ut_fw-la causa_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la therefore_o the_o cause_n must_v first_o be_v look_v at_o as_o if_o i_o will_v look_v at_o ens_fw-la or_o any_o thing_n whatsoever_o therefore_o our_o author_n take_v this_o course_n take_v the_o very_a way_n of_o god_n in_o his_o creature_n can_v any_o man_n see_v any_o thing_n thorough_o and_o not_o see_v the_o cause_n first_o he_o can_v and_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o thing_n before_o the_o cause_n there_o be_v not_o therefore_o that_o be_v always_o first_o in_o nature_n and_o therefore_o first_o also_o in_o reason_n now_o here_o be_v fallacian_n as_o to_o think_v a_o effect_n may_v be_v from_o some_o cause_n and_o to_o think_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v a_o common_a fallace_n aristotle_n organon_n tully_n office_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v aristotle_n and_o tully_n casuality_n still_o though_o they_o be_v dead_a now_o we_o see_v how_o orderly_o we_o go_v to_o work_v if_o we_o have_v not_o do_v so_o we_o can_v not_o have_v come_v to_o causa_fw-la all_o the_o argue_v of_o they_o before_o as_o of_o artificiale_a primum_fw-la absolutum_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la simplex_fw-la be_v here_o in_o causa_fw-la and_o effectum_fw-la so_o that_o there_o be_v many_o clasp_n as_o it_o be_v as_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o artificio_fw-la of_o the_o effect_n it_o be_v also_o there_o primitus_fw-la and_o absolute_a and_o consentanie_n and_o simpliciter_fw-la so_o that_o this_o descent_n do_v very_o much_o clear_a truth_n we_o have_v our_o flesh_n blood_n bone_n from_o causa_fw-la then_o afterward_o we_o have_v our_o compliment_n from_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la consentanea_fw-la than_o we_o may_v see_v we_o be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o see_v a_o imperfect_a garment_n at_o the_o tailor_n and_o you_o may_v ask_v what_o it_o be_v but_o let_v the_o tailor_n make_v it_o up_o complete_a with_o all_o its_o cut_n and_o jag_n than_o you_o may_v see_v it_o yourself_o and_o need_v not_o ask_v what_o it_o be_v for_o further_a knowledge_n of_o it_o de_fw-fr efficiente_a procreante_n &_o conservante_fw-la chap._n i._n causa_fw-la est_fw-la cujus_fw-la vires_fw-la est_fw-la remember_v the_o purpose_n of_o logic_n be_v to_o direct_v man_n to_o see_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n which_o that_o reason_n may_v do_v well_o it_o act_n double_o first_o by_o take_v at_o simples_n then_o by_o lay_v they_o together_o that_o which_o we_o take_v with_o the_o first_o eye_n be_v argumentum_fw-la that_o be_v any_o thing_n so_o far_o as_o it_o have_v the_o affection_n to_o argue_v first_o as_o it_o be_v in_o artificio_fw-la rei_fw-la which_o therefore_o be_v in_o a_o art_n now_o it_o be_v first_o there_o or_o second_o first_o it_o be_v there_o absolute_a by_o way_n of_o consention_n respect_v the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v or_o dissent_v from_o the_o thing_n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o those_o that_o consent_n be_v absolute_o consent_v or_o modo_fw-la quodam_fw-la absolute_a as_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n that_o proceed_v from_o the_o cause_n here_o we_o must_v begin_v because_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o come_v to_o man_n reason_n be_v the_o cause_n so_o if_o we_o take_v the_o world_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o let_v we_o resolve_v it_o and_o in_o the_o end_n we_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o first_o cause_n a_o first_o efficient_a etc._n etc._n so_o god_n be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o himself_o without_o all_o cause_n ergo_fw-la the_o cause_n be_v first_o of_o all_o thing_n than_o the_o first_o matter_n be_v first_o in_o his_o kind_n the_o first_o form_n in_o his_o kind_n and_o the_o first_o end_n in_o his_o kind_n so_o aristotle_n say_v god_n be_v primum_fw-la intelligibile_fw-la so_o than_o if_o we_o will_v see_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o creature_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o cause_n the_o beginner_n then_o again_o aristotle_n do_v confess_v that_o causa_fw-la be_v primum_fw-la motus_fw-la again_o what_o be_v the_o initium_fw-la of_o every_o thing_n but_o his_o be_v and_o that_o be_v from_o the_o cause_n therefore_o they_o be_v first_o again_o the_o next_o cause_n be_v the_o far_a thing_n we_o can_v go_v unto_o as_o if_o we_o work_v any_o thing_n now_o if_o we_o take_v cause_n and_o look_v into_o they_o than_o we_o make_v they_o effect_n not_o cause_n as_o if_o i_o look_v at_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o garment_n i_o find_v the_o tailor_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n but_o if_o i_o look_v at_o his_o cause_n i_o make_v he_o a_o effect_n yet_o i_o can_v make_v the_o first_o efficient_a a_o effect_n etc._n etc._n the_o greek_n call_v causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d peto_o because_o it_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o grant_v or_o require_v as_o the_o geometrician_n require_v a_o petitum_fw-la or_o as_o our_o author_n shall_v say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o demonstration_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n est_fw-la argumentum_fw-la absolute_a consentaneum_fw-la etc._n etc._n causa_fw-la est_fw-la if_o a_o cause_n be_v absolute_o require_v for_o the_o effect_n than_o there_o be_v a_o cause_n then_o again_o logic_n serve_v we_o to_o behold_v the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o himself_o also_o through_o the_o creature_n now_o all_o thing_n but_o god_n be_v make_v and_o be_v compose_v ergo_fw-la they_o must_v have_v cause_n est_fw-fr absolute_a consentaneum_fw-la because_o they_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o effect_n no_o shipwright_n no_o ship_n no_o wood_n no_o ship_n no_o form_n no_o effect_n no_o end_n no_o effect_n and_o all_o these_o together_o a_o effect_n &_o contra_fw-la cujus_fw-la vires_fw-la est_fw-la first_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o vis_fw-la than_o he_o say_v it_o be_v vis_fw-la essendi_fw-la then_o vis_fw-la essendi_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v four_o word_n so_o four_o thing_n causa_fw-la be_v here_o a_o concrete_a signify_v the_o thing_n cause_v as_o argumentum_fw-la be_v before_o signify_v the_o thing_n argue_v for_o our_o logic_n that_o bring_v we_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v but_o show_v he_o as_o he_o argue_v not_o as_o he_o be_v in_o his_o be_v causa_fw-la be_v the_o thing_n argue_v cujus_fw-la that_o be_v est_fw-la res_fw-la causans_fw-la cujus_fw-la vi_fw-la this_o vis_fw-la and_o virtue_n be_v of_o the_o thing_n but_o logic_n look_v at_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n and_o then_o at_o the_o thing_n for_o if_o the_o thing_n have_v not_o vim_o esseficandi_fw-la a_o effect_n it_o can_v not_o be_v a_o cause_n as_o wood_n will_v not_o make_v a_o gown_n so_o that_o it_o be_v here_o second_o require_v that_o the_o thing_n causans_fw-la have_v vim_o causandi_fw-la and_o against_o this_o word_n be_v that_o common_a fallacian_n of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la as_o he_o that_o will_v lay_v to_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o child_n that_o which_o a_o man_n can_v only_o do_v so_o when_o we_o ascribe_v to_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v do_v as_o the_o make_n of_o a_o world_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o god_n est_fw-la est_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v a_o general_a term_n and_o may_v signify_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o the_o tie_n of_o some_o thing_n to_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n as_o first_o when_o i_o say_v vir_fw-la est_fw-la second_o vir_fw-la est_fw-la doctus_fw-la where_o i_o do_v not_o respect_v homo_fw-la from_o his_o cause_n but_o as_o he_o have_v this_o adjunct_n doctrina_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n why_o est_fw-la be_v so_o general_a be_v because_o this_o esse_fw-la be_v from_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v most_o general_a for_o nothing_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o before_o it_o be_v which_o be_v from_o the_o cause_n by_o this_o vis_fw-la we_o must_v understand_v that_o power_n and_o faculty_n in_o the_o thing_n that_o cause_v another_o thing_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v the_o cause_n be_v affect_v to_o argue_v the_o effect_n forcible_o for_o vis_fw-la be_v here_o the_o same_o that_o affectio_fw-la be_v in_o argumentum_fw-la
esse_fw-la indeed_o be_v general_a to_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o existere_fw-la be_v from_o they_o all_o which_o appear_v by_o this_o we_o say_v mundus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la nihilo_fw-la est_fw-la formata_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o est_fw-fr be_v nothing_o but_o the_o act_n of_o the_o cause_n to_o make_v the_o effect_n so_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o a_o knife_n there_o be_v all_o the_o four_o cause_n to_o be_v in_o it_o and_o the_o three_o former_a for_o the_o end_n and_o therefore_o if_o we_o will_v not_o be_v deceive_v here_o see_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v de_fw-fr esse_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n that_o be_v a_o cause_n res_fw-la not_z effectum_fw-la for_o we_o have_v hear_v what_o res_fw-la est_fw-la that_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o art_n but_o if_o we_o have_v say_v effectum_fw-la it_o have_v be_v a_o posteriore_fw-la for_o we_o have_v not_o the_o effect_n wrought_v again_o we_o be_v but_o yet_o in_o causa_fw-la in_o general_a by_o res_fw-la he_o mean_v res_fw-la efficienda_fw-la not_o yet_o effecta_fw-la now_o another_o fallacy_n be_v of_o non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la when_o we_o take_v that_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o have_v the_o potentia_fw-la efficiendi_fw-la but_o do_v not_o efficere_fw-la but_o be_v causa_fw-la quatenus_fw-la it_o have_v a_o hand_n in_o that_o effect_n so_o that_o if_o one_o bring_v a_o cause_n that_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n though_o it_o have_v vim_o efficiendi_fw-la yet_o be_v it_o not_o causa_fw-la itaque_fw-la primus_fw-la hic_fw-la locus_fw-la fons_fw-la est_fw-la omnis_fw-la scientiae_fw-la this_o be_v a_o deduction_n out_o of_o the_o first_o rule_n follow_v this_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v causae_fw-la vi_fw-la than_o this_o be_v primus_fw-la locus_fw-la inventionis_fw-la for_o it_o be_v first_o in_o the_o cause_n before_o it_o be_v in_o the_o effect_n then_o again_o it_o be_v primus_fw-la locus_fw-la in_o respect_n it_o be_v the_o first_o argument_n we_o must_v look_v at_o locus_fw-la 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the_o form_n of_o a_o thing_n we_o put_v the_o end_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o and_o best_a express_v it_o so_o bene_fw-la disserere_fw-la the_o end_n of_o logic_n be_v put_v for_o the_o form_n of_o logic_n now_o as_o this_o distinction_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v see_v in_o great_a matter_n so_o be_v it_o also_o in_o less_o for_o there_o be_v a_o co-operation_n of_o the_o efficient_a and_o end_n together_o first_o then_o of_o the_o form_n and_o end_v together_o also_o though_o not_o without_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n in_o forma_fw-la &_o fine_a for_o the_o form_n be_v before_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o before_o the_o form_n be_v induce_v or_o ingenerate_v in_o the_o matter_n it_o can_v be_v good_a for_o his_o end_n and_o the_o end_n be_v causa_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n not_o of_o the_o efficient_a so_o we_o say_v a_o coat_n have_v a_o form_n before_o it_o have_v a_o end_n for_o it_o may_v be_v a_o coat_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a to_o serve_v i_o now_o then_o as_o the_o efficient_a begin_v the_o motion_n and_o the_o motion_n redound_v out_o of_o the_o matter_n so_o it_o run_v per_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o finem_fw-la forma_fw-la est_fw-la causa_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o same_o that_o forma_fw-la be_v in_o latin_a there_o be_v but_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d proper_o signify_v the_o face_n and_o fas_fw-la and_o facies_fw-la in_o latin_a come_v of_o facere_fw-la because_o when_o it_o be_v make_v it_o have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o a_o thing_n when_o it_o have_v its_o form_n it_o have_v a_o face_n it_o will_v seem_v something_o so_o that_o the_o efficient_n esse_fw-la be_v not_o facies_fw-la rei_fw-la nor_o the_o matter_n esse_fw-la for_o they_o may_v be_v otherwhere_o ergo_fw-la the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n be_v common_a cause_n this_o be_v a_o particular_a one_o which_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o efficient_a and_o matter_n go_v before_o be_v more_o general_a so_o that_o when_o once_o he_o have_v the_o face_n of_o a_o man_n then_o be_v he_o a_o man_n this_o word_n forma_fw-la both_o in_o latin_a and_o greek_a be_v take_v abusive_a for_o the_o outward_a figure_n of_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o metonimy_n of_o the_o subject_n for_o the_o adjunct_n for_o figuration_n be_v not_o forma_fw-la as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o water_n put_v in_o a_o round_a glass_n or_o in_o a_o square_a glass_n the_o same_o water_n have_v the_o same_o form_n will_v have_v a_o round_a figure_n or_o square_a figure_n according_a to_o the_o glass_n wherein_o it_o be_v now_o because_o the_o figure_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o form_n ergo_fw-la they_o say_v it_o be_v forma_fw-la and_o in_o school_n they_o call_v it_o forma_fw-la accidentalis_fw-la now_o the_o figure_n follow_v the_o form_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o essential_a but_o it_o may_v be_v change_v and_o yet_o the_o water_n be_v the_o same_o because_o the_o water_n be_v variable_a into_o divers_a figure_n as_o we_o hear_v before_o in_o water_n the_o school_n say_v that_o no_o artificial_a thing_n have_v any_o other_o form_n ergo_fw-la ask_v they_o in_o what_o predicament_n any_o artificial_a thing_n be_v and_o they_o will_v answer_v in_o quality_n but_o thus_o they_o will_v make_v geometry_n to_o give_v the_o form_n of_o thing_n figura_fw-la be_v a_o quality_n ergo_fw-la to_o make_v quality_n a_o form_n be_v very_o absurd_a again_o as_o before_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n have_v divers_a figure_n and_o only_o one_o form_n that_o make_v the_o thing_n one_o again_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o table_n the_o form_n of_o it_o then_o the_o table_n belong_v to_o geometry_n not_o to_o the_o joiner_n art_n again_o whether_o do_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o table_n belong_v to_o substantia_fw-la ergo_fw-la the_o form_n too_o or_o else_o it_o be_v in_o divers_a predicament_n again_o figura_fw-la be_v a_o accident_n but_o forma_fw-la be_v a_o cause_n and_o give_v essence_n to_o the_o thing_n
be_v sin_n and_o we_o consider_v it_o as_o it_o act_v and_o so_o it_o be_v ens_fw-la paradox_n 2._o contra_fw-la epicureos_n illud_fw-la tamen_fw-la arcte_fw-la tenent_fw-la accurate_a que_fw-fr defendunt_fw-la voluptatem_fw-la esse_fw-la summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o he_o reason_n that_o pleasure_n can_v be_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o man_n because_o it_o be_v the_o goodness_n of_o a_o beast_n and_o man_n and_o beast_n be_v contrary_n sic_fw-la libertas_fw-la &_o servetus_fw-la apud_fw-la tibullum_fw-la 2._o lib._n sic_fw-la mihi_fw-la servitium_fw-la video_fw-la dominamque_fw-la paratam_fw-la tu_fw-la mihi_fw-la libertas_fw-la illa_fw-la now_o i_o see_v bondage_n shall_v befall_v i_o ergo_fw-la fare_v well_o liberty_n pro_fw-la marcello_n nunquam_fw-la enim_fw-la temeritas_fw-la cum_fw-la sapientia_fw-la commiscetur_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la consilium_fw-la casus_fw-la addmittitur_fw-la he_o make_v temeritas_fw-la and_o sapientia_fw-la adversa_fw-la consilium_fw-la and_o casus_fw-la contrary_n but_o indeed_o they_o be_v disperate_v for_o temeritas_fw-la be_v a_o special_a kind_n of_o modus_fw-la efficiendi_fw-la namely_o necessitate_v aut_fw-la fortuna_fw-la and_o consilium_fw-la belong_v to_o causa_fw-la natura_fw-la aut_fw-la consilio_fw-la so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o under_o one_o next_o genus_fw-la chap._n vi_o de_fw-fr contradicentibus_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la sunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la ait_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la idem_fw-la eaque_fw-la sunt_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la aut_fw-la privantia_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la etc._n etc._n we_o have_v hear_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v we_o have_v also_o hear_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o as_o a_o divers_a or_o as_o a_o opposite_a as_o a_o opposite_a either_o by_o a_o general_a nature_n which_o be_v disparate_v or_o by_o a_o more_o particular_a nature_n which_o be_v contrary_n we_o have_v hear_v that_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o one_o thing_n or_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o nothing_o one_o thing_n be_v oppose_v to_o one_o thing_n either_o as_o a_o relate_v or_o in_o adversa_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o show_v how_o a_o thing_n be_v from_o his_o cause_n be_v not_o a_o nothing_o contraria_fw-la where_o there_o be_v a_o fight_n of_o one_o to_o one_o negantia_fw-la here_o one_o of_o they_o be_v nothing_o ergo_fw-la it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o here_o be_v one_o to_o one_o yet_o our_o logic_n here_o make_v nothing_o something_o per_fw-la oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la and_o in_o very_a deed_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o ens_fw-la be_v from_o his_o cause_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v another_o thing_n so_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v nothing_o negantia_fw-la not_o that_o he_o speak_v here_o of_o the_o negation_n that_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o afterward_o in_o a_o axiom_n but_o he_o mean_v a_o not_o be_v ramus_n have_v not_o a_o better_a word_n ergo_fw-la he_o keep_v this_o deliver_v it_o in_o the_o active_a voice_n desire_v to_o commend_v to_o we_o the_o act_n or_o argue_v or_o the_o faculty_n whereby_o argument_n do_v act_v now_o nothing_o give_v name_n to_o contradicentia_fw-la of_o contra_fw-la and_o dicens_fw-la because_o the_o affirmer_n that_o that_o be_v a_o thing_n we_o have_v hear_v of_o before_o it_o be_v common_a to_o affirmantia_fw-la ergo_fw-la because_o that_o be_v it_o which_o be_v only_o special_a here_o he_o mean_v they_o by_o the_o negative_a part_n sunt_fw-la for_o as_o there_o be_v a_o something_o so_o there_o must_v be_v a_o nothing_o because_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v except_o ens_fw-la primum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v not_o once_o so_o may_v it_o not_o be_v again_o quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la ait_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la idem_fw-la that_o be_v the_o one_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la that_o be_v the_o other_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n in_o rerum_fw-la natura_fw-la he_o have_v not_o better_a word_n to_o utter_v they_o to_o the_o act_n of_o our_o understanding_n ergo_fw-la borrow_v these_o word_n ait_fw-fr negate_fw-la which_o be_v a_o metonimy_n of_o the_o adjunct_n for_o the_o subject_n but_o remove_v the_o rhetoric_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v what_o he_o mean_v idem_fw-la for_o it_o be_v by_o oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la that_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v ens_fw-la and_o it_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o nothing_o contradicent_fw-la that_o nothing_o be_v a_o argument_n here_o we_o see_v the_o force_n of_o reason_n that_o make_v non_fw-la ens_fw-la to_o be_v ens_fw-la but_o it_o be_v by_o oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la only_a so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v not_o a_o idem_fw-la they_o be_v not_o contrary_n no_o not_o opposite_n object_n but_o may_v it_o not_o have_v be_v leave_v out_o be_v teach_v general_o before_o answ_n no_o there_o must_v be_v a_o denial_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o the_o whole_a entity_n that_o we_o give_v to_o a_o negant_fw-la be_v per_fw-la oppositum_fw-la ens_fw-la ergo_fw-la it_o must_v have_v reference_n to_o idem_fw-la sunt_fw-la contradicentia_fw-la aut_fw-la privantia_fw-la as_o the_o consentany_n proceed_v from_o cause_n to_o effect_n and_o so_o to_o subject_n and_o adjunct_n so_o do_v dissentany_n disagree_v less_o or_o more_o the_o less_o dissent_v argument_n must_v go_v before_o because_o they_o be_v common_a to_o the_o other_o and_o be_v contain_v in_o they_o now_o opposite_n be_v not_o this_o or_o that_o by_o a_o lesser_a or_o a_o more_o earnest_a opposition_n contrary_n be_v of_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o or_o of_o one_o thing_n to_o nothing_o and_o here_o be_v a_o sharp_a contention_n and_o again_o among_o these_o the_o contradicent_fw-la though_o it_o take_v away_o the_o same_o thing_n ubique_fw-la yet_o it_o leave_v something_o in_o room_n of_o it_o sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la which_o we_o hear_v before_o quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la namely_o the_o deny_v negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la that_o be_v in_o every_o subject_n and_o put_v another_o thing_n in_o room_n thereof_o as_o visus_fw-la non_fw-la visus_fw-la non_fw-la visus_fw-la deny_v visus_fw-la in_o my_o eye_n hand_n and_o foot_n and_o in_o every_o part_n of_o my_o body_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o take_v away_o every_o thing_n but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v there_o negate_fw-la ubique_fw-la good_a reason_n for_o when_o it_o pursue_v the_o contrary_a in_o every_o part_n it_o can_v be_v so_o strong_a a_o fight_n as_o where_o the_o contrary_a fight_n with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o subject_n ut_fw-la iustùs_fw-la non_fw-la iustùs_fw-la for_o the_o use_n of_o they_o we_o seldom_o find_v they_o direct_o oppose_v but_o in_o a_o axiom_n we_o chief_o find_v they_o as_o when_o i_o say_v it_o be_v so_o it_o be_v not_o so_o or_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o often_o by_o way_n of_o mock_v as_o when_o we_o cry_v at_o a_o thing_n and_o say_v if_o it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v not_o here_o be_v the_o antecedent_n negative_a and_o the_o antecedent_n affirmative_a sic_fw-la in_o defensicne_fw-la murenae_fw-la &c_n &c_n nihil_fw-la ignoveris_fw-la say_v the_o stoic_a imo_fw-la aliquid_fw-la non_fw-la omne_fw-la here_o be_v contradicent_fw-la axiom_n make_v one_o axiom_n to_o consist_v of_o contradicent_fw-la argument_n so_o that_o by_o this_o example_n we_o may_v see_v where_o they_o be_v use_v they_o be_v call_v contradientia_fw-la because_o the_o contrariety_n be_v in_o the_o denial_n of_o the_o word_n affirm_v quasi_fw-la contrarietas_fw-la in_o dictione_n but_o it_o be_v in_o re_fw-mi indeed_o so_o that_o this_o be_v contradiction_n when_o two_o talk_n together_o and_o the_o one_o deny_v that_o which_o the_o other_o say_v as_o dives_n non_fw-la dives_fw-la bella_fw-la non_fw-la bella_fw-la pvella_fw-la non_fw-la pvella_fw-la so_o cicero_n count_v atticus_n a_o epicure_n by_o profession_n that_o mortui_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la miseri_fw-la because_o non_fw-la sunt_fw-la now_o when_o we_o find_v contradiction_n in_o a_o speech_n we_o show_v it_o by_o the_o rule_n we_o find_v many_o argument_n among_o the_o papist_n to_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o also_o among_o our_o own_o man_n the_o fallace_n be_v general_a to_o opposite_n and_o there_o be_v non-contradicents_a for_o contradicent_n when_o man_n contend_v about_o nothing_o chap._n 17._o de_fw-fr privantibus_fw-la privantia_fw-la sunt_fw-la contraria_fw-la negantia_fw-la quorum_fw-la alterum_fw-la negatâ—in_fw-la eo_fw-la tantum_fw-la subjecto_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la affirmatum_fw-la suapte_v natura_fw-la inest_fw-la now_o we_o come_v to_o see_v a_o thing_n in_o his_o be_v and_o with_o his_o compliment_n may_v not_o be_v that_o absence_n of_o a_o thing_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v for_o privans_n be_v nothing_o else_o privan_n will_v neither_o let_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o deni_v be_v there_o nor_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o itself_o ergo_fw-la there_o be_v the_o great_a contention_n that_o can_v be_v and_o between_o something_o and_o nothing_o in_o the_o same_o place_n there_o be_v the_o great_a distance_n and_o nothing_o pull_v out_o something_o as_o
best_o except_o the_o hebrew_n for_o those_o that_o invent_v the_o greek_a tongue_n be_v great_a scholar_n and_o be_v very_o good_a rhetorician_n and_o so_o make_v their_o speech_n more_o eloquent_a whereas_o our_o inventor_n of_o english_a be_v not_o so_o bene_n be_v here_o a_o adverb_n join_v to_o the_o verb_n to_o show_v his_o signification_n and_o be_v not_o another_o word_n from_o loqui_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v this_o a_o man_n may_v loqui_fw-la but_o not_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la as_o bone_fw-la vinum_fw-la be_v as_o good_a as_o their_o wine_n but_o not_o good_a grammar_n as_o a_o man_n may_v dispute_v sophistical_o or_o ignorant_o and_o so_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o logic_n so_o likewise_o he_o may_v malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o break_v the_o rule_n of_o grammar_n again_o since_o the_o fall_n of_o man_n as_o there_o be_v a_o bona_fw-la and_o a_o mala_fw-la ratio_fw-la so_o there_o be_v a_o be_v and_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o grammar_n give_v not_o precept_n of_o that_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la which_o be_v attract_v by_o sin_n but_o only_o of_o that_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la which_o be_v a_o creature_n of_o god_n object_n but_o many_o have_v think_v that_o this_o be_v be_v nothing_o but_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o definition_n of_o art_n in_o general_n and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v repeat_v in_o every_o special_a art_n answ_n but_o they_o be_v to_o know_v since_o the_o fall_n as_o we_o say_v before_o there_o be_v a_o be_v and_o malè_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o art_n give_v precept_n only_o to_o the_o bene_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v must_v be_v add_v for_o distinction_n sake_n again_o they_o confess_v themselves_o that_o be_v in_o the_o definition_n of_o arse_n be_v the_o same_o that_o expeditè_fw-fr and_o that_o be_v a_o habit_n in_o man_n whereas_o this_o be_v be_v essential_a unto_o grammar_n as_o it_o be_v a_o art_n again_o here_o be_v be_v join_v with_o the_o form_n not_o with_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v another_o genus_fw-la which_o be_v more_o special_a over_o and_o above_o that_o which_o be_v before_o for_o so_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o species_n contain_v more_o in_o they_o than_o the_o genus_fw-la do_v now_o for_o those_o who_o to_o avoid_v be_v will_v put_v more_o word_n into_o the_o definition_n let_v they_o know_v that_o into_o how_o many_o word_n they_o divide_v the_o form_n into_o so_o many_o part_n they_o cut_v it_o which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v because_o the_o form_n be_v but_o one_o argument_n now_o it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n among_o many_o scholar_n which_o language_n be_v the_o first_o and_o that_o be_v indeed_o the_o hebrew_n goropius_n will_v have_v the_o dutch_a to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o he_o argue_v for_o it_o subtle_o and_o have_v many_o notation_n of_o word_n as_o fast_o backward_o be_v staff_n because_o when_o we_o have_v a_o staff_n we_o stand_v fast_o so_o litera_fw-la be_v of_o let_v and_o oer_o which_o signify_v to_o wander_v because_o when_o we_o write_v we_o let_v our_o pen_n wander_v about_o benè_fw-la loquendi_fw-la here_o because_o the_o form_n be_v not_o easy_o find_v out_o and_o when_o it_o be_v find_v out_o we_o have_v not_o one_o word_n to_o express_v it_o in_o therefore_o we_o be_v to_o imagine_v the_o form_n to_o be_v include_v in_o this_o gerund_n in_o di_fw-mi for_o because_o we_o have_v not_o a_o word_n to_o deliver_v the_o form_n in_o hence_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o take_v the_o next_o argument_n to_o forma_fw-la which_o be_v finis_fw-la and_o include_v it_o in_o that_o and_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o in_o very_a deed_n every_o precept_n be_v a_o member_n of_o that_o art_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o precept_n so_o that_o every_o precept_n have_v a_o certain_a vigour_n or_o life_n or_o soul_n as_o it_o be_v which_o soul_n take_v up_o from_o all_o the_o precept_n be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o art_n and_o again_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o grammar_n be_v not_o in_o every_o thing_n for_o many_o thing_n have_v no_o name_n and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o general_a art_n yet_o the_o work_n of_o grammar_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n so_o also_o though_o man_n only_o can_v speak_v yet_o grammar_n work_n be_v general_a and_o so_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v it_o to_o answer_v in_o proportion_n to_o logic_n for_o as_o i_o see_v every_o thing_n with_o my_o eye_n of_o reason_n so_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o after_o i_o have_v receive_v it_o i_o shall_v carry_v every_o thing_n to_o another_o and_o that_o i_o must_v do_v by_o grammar_n and_o grammar_n have_v a_o double_a reference_n one_o in_o regard_n of_o he_o that_o speak_v and_o another_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o thing_n he_o speak_v of_o or_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o e._n we_o that_o here_o be_v to_o look_v out_o at_o the_o thing_n he_o speak_v and_o his_o meaning_n and_o in_o very_a deed_n ens_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la be_v god_n creature_n and_o have_v every_o art_n in_o it_o so_o that_o though_o grammar_n that_o be_v speech_n be_v proper_a to_o man_n yet_o grammar_n work_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n the_o reason_n be_v this_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n be_v distinct_a and_o i_o apprehend_v they_o so_o with_o my_o logic_n and_o they_o be_v so_o must_v needs_o have_v distinct_a name_n otherwise_o i_o can_v carry_v they_o to_o other_o distinct_o and_o as_o they_o be_v so_o that_o grammar_n be_v general_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o so_o adam_n by_o see_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o creature_n can_v see_v their_o name_n though_o we_o can_v do_v it_o so_o he_o name_v the_o fire_n esh_n because_o of_o the_o noise_n it_o make_v in_o green_a wood_n so_o water_n maiim_fw-mi which_o signify_v quid_fw-la that_o be_v the_o essence_n for_o so_o thales_n think_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o water_n and_o in_o the_o second_o verse_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n it_o be_v say_v the_o spirit_n of_o god_n move_v upon_o the_o water_n where_o water_n be_v put_v for_o the_o first_o matter_n so_o we_o call_v it_o in_o latin_a aqua_fw-la quasi_fw-la à _fw-la quâ_fw-la the_o efficient_a cause_n so_o he_o call_v darkness_n lajil_v which_o signify_v rest_n because_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o rest_n so_o god_n call_v the_o day_n jam_fw-la because_o of_o the_o jumble_a noise_n that_o be_v make_v in_o it_o so_o the_o earth_n eret_n from_o rashat_v tero_fw-la to_o ware_n and_o there_o be_v no_o name_n but_o it_o have_v a_o reason_n of_o it_o and_o that_o logic_n tell_v i_o when_o it_o handle_v notatio_fw-la for_o ens_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la have_v that_o in_o it_o which_o be_v in_o every_o general_a art_n loquendi_fw-la loqui_fw-la and_o dicere_fw-la signify_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o come_v to_o be_v distinguish_v thus_o because_o that_o rhetoric_n to_o which_o dicere_fw-la do_v belong_v be_v see_v most_o especial_o in_o plead_v before_o judge_n hence_o they_o give_v it_o that_o name_n dicere_fw-la which_o come_v of_o dico_fw-la and_o dico_fw-la come_v of_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o decision_n of_o a_o controversy_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bifariam_fw-la or_o as_o some_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d divido_fw-la which_o may_v well_o be_v because_o in_o plead_v of_o controversy_n they_o divide_v their_o speech_n loquendi_fw-la not_o ars_fw-la scribendi_fw-la for_o if_o they_o take_v it_o for_o the_o orthography_n of_o a_o word_n it_o be_v accidental_a neither_o be_v the_o letter_n the_o same_o in_o every_o tongue_n therefore_o not_o the_o same_o write_n of_o they_o again_o the_o letter_n may_v be_v change_v though_o not_o well_o for_o the_o hebrew_n letter_n be_v give_v with_o great_a reason_n and_o the_o other_o be_v take_v from_o they_o if_o they_o take_v write_v as_o general_a as_o speak_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o grammar_n now_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v this_o man_n receive_v into_o his_o understanding_n the_o notion_n of_o thing_n these_o notion_n be_v express_v and_o make_v know_v from_o he_o to_o another_o man_n by_o word_n now_o because_o man_n be_v not_o to_o live_v always_o neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n can_v speak_v unto_o every_o one_o hence_o be_v the_o necessity_n of_o writing_n bene._n for_o a_o man_n may_v loqui_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o be_v loqui_fw-la i._n e._n according_a to_o bona_fw-la locutio_fw-la whereof_o grammar_n give_v precept_n but_o he_o that_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o grammar_n whether_o he_o know_v he_o do_v so_o or_o no_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n he_o do_v be_v loqui_fw-la i._n e._n he_o speak_v such_o a_o speech_n as_o be_v pure_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o
the_o place_n where_o the_o speech_n be_v speak_v for_o in_o nature_n there_o be_v great_a variety_n of_o speech_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o man_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v hence_o many_o consonant_n in_o dutch_a and_o our_o english_a tongue_n so_o thar_z variety_n of_o sound_n be_v not_o always_o from_o the_o party_n name_v but_o the_o party_n name_v and_o he_o that_o have_v more_o heat_n intentional_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o pronounce_v hence_o englishmen_n be_v almost_o to_o learn_v any_o tongue_n id_fw-la autem_fw-la latinis_fw-la latin_a here_o be_v a_o commoration_n where_o he_o come_v into_o the_o latin_a grammar_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v in_o latin_a after_o the_o latin_a manner_n for_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o grammar_n as_o there_o be_v kind_n of_o speech_n but_o it_o be_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v grammar_n be_v either_o the_o latin_a greek_a or_o hebrew_n grammar_n which_o be_v a_o distribution_n of_o the_o adjunct_n into_o the_o subject_n for_o as_o there_o be_v but_o one_o greek_a grammar_n yet_o many_o dialect_n so_o the_o several_a grammar_n be_v but_o so_o many_o several_a dialect_n or_o idiom_n of_o the_o general_a grammar_n part_n grammaticae_fw-la qua_fw-la sunt_fw-la etymologia_fw-la &_o syntaxis_fw-la here_o be_v a_o copulative_a axiom_n and_o the_o argument_n be_v grammatica_fw-la the_o integrum_fw-la and_o etymologia_fw-la and_o syntaxis_fw-la the_o membra_fw-la which_o be_v yoke_v together_o there_o be_v two_o part_n of_o grammar_n first_o because_o two_o of_o logic_n for_o if_o grammar_n be_v the_o carrier_n of_o logic_n betwixtman_n than_o it_o must_v be_v answerable_a to_o logic_n to_o carry_v the_o simples_n and_o composit_a for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v not_o carry_v well_o again_o second_o speech_n be_v a_o garment_n to_o clothe_v our_o reason_n and_o as_o we_o will_v think_v a_o tailor_n a_o fool_n that_o shall_v make_v a_o garment_n with_o one_o sleeve_n for_o he_o that_o have_v two_o arm_n so_o for_o grammar_n if_o we_o shall_v make_v it_o with_o one_o sleeve_n to_o cover_v logic_n that_o have_v two_o arm_n et_fw-la contra_fw-la as_o we_o count_v that_o tailor_n a_o idiot_n that_o make_v many_o sleeve_n for_o he_o that_o have_v but_o two_o arm_n so_o for_o he_o that_o make_v many_o part_n of_o grammar_n to_o clothe_v logic_n that_o have_v but_o two_o part_n though_o now_o a_o day_n i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o sleeve_n and_o hangbys_a they_o make_v for_o orthography_n and_o prosody_n they_o be_v not_o part_v of_o grammar_n but_o common_a adjunct_n and_o run_v through_o whole_a grammar_n as_o blood_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n etymologia_fw-la come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d verus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sermo_fw-la i._n e._n veriloqutio_fw-la and_o in_o very_a deed_n according_a to_o the_o notation_n it_o belong_v rather_o to_o logic_n than_o to_o grammar_n for_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o notatio_fw-la and_o so_o the_o grammarian_n use_v to_o give_v example_n as_o lepus_fw-la from_o the_o adjunct_n quafi_n levipe_n but_o the_o grammarian_n it_o be_v before_o use_v in_o logic_n bring_v it_o into_o grammar_n and_o so_o use_n have_v receive_v it_o even_o as_o some_o will_v have_v dialectica_fw-la to_o come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d colloquor_fw-la and_o so_o belong_v to_o grammar_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o distribution_n be_v for_o that_o every_o speech_n consist_v of_o word_n for_o that_o as_o syntax_n answer_v to_o judgement_n so_o etymology_n to_o invention_n the_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v this_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o grammar_n be_v first_o invent_v in_o greece_n it_o be_v only_o observe_v in_o letter_n and_o syllable_n the_o next_o observation_n among_o the_o greek_n be_v to_o look_v at_o the_o notation_n and_o reason_n of_o word_n and_o so_o come_v to_o call_v that_o part_n of_o grammar_n etymology_n and_o afterward_o the_o grecian_n find_v out_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o grammar_n before_o any_o other_o nation_n syntaxis_fw-la come_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d consuo_fw-la or_o construo_fw-la because_o in_o the_o beginning_n they_o lay_v the_o word_n together_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n so_o they_o do_v in_o greek_a and_o hebrew_n till_o the_o orator_n take_v that_o liberty_n to_o they_o to_o change_v and_o because_o as_o logic_n lay_v thing_n together_o so_o do_v syntax_n utter_v they_o if_o grammar_n be_v right_a it_o must_v tie_v nothing_o together_o but_o that_o which_o logic_n do_v tie_v hence_o be_v logic_n before_o grammar_n in_o genesi_fw-la but_o grammar_n before_o logic_n in_o analysi_fw-la so_o be_v grammar_n before_o rhetoric_n in_o genesi_fw-la but_o rhetoric_n before_o grammar_n in_o analysi_fw-la hence_o do_v we_o remove_v the_o rhetoric_n to_o see_v the_o grammar_n and_o logic_n in_o analysi_fw-la etym_fw-mi logia_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la grammaticae_fw-la quae_fw-la vocum_fw-la singularum_fw-la proprietates_fw-la interpretatur_fw-la this_o definition_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v est_fw-fr de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi or_o praecipit_fw-la de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi though_o praecipere_fw-la be_v too_o large_a for_o it_o be_v in_o art_n and_o etymology_n do_v interpretari_fw-la not_o only_o the_o property_n of_o word_n but_o also_o letter_n and_o fyllable_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o word_n est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la here_o prima_fw-la and_o pars_fw-la be_v logical_a term_n therefore_o not_o genus_fw-la to_o etymologia_fw-la the_o word_n interpretari_fw-la belong_v to_o analysis_n and_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o etymologia_fw-la ergo_fw-la est_fw-la prima_fw-la pars_fw-la grammaticae_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la voce_fw-mi here_o be_v a_o definition_n ab_fw-la integro_fw-la &_o subjecto_fw-la etymologia_fw-la est_fw-la if_o there_o be_v vox_fw-la then_o there_o be_v etymologia_fw-la but_o there_o be_v vox_fw-la ergo._n prima_fw-la pars_fw-la for_o there_o be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o a_o thing_n therefore_o there_o must_v be_v a_o simple_a consideration_n of_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n whereof_o etymoligia_fw-la must_v give_v precept_n it_o be_v prima_fw-la because_o i_o must_v consider_v a_o word_n first_o simple_o in_o its_o own_o nature_n before_o i_o join_v he_o with_o another_o de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi so_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o etymology_n be_v vox_fw-la oratio_fw-la and_o sermo_fw-la belong_v proper_o to_o syntax_n as_o argumentum_fw-la of_o invention_n and_o grammar_n go_v no_o far_a than_o vox_fw-la so_o that_o all_o we_o shall_v hear_v of_o in_o this_o part_n of_o grammar_n be_v of_o a_o word_n alone_o hence_o not_o the_o thing_n chest_n but_o the_o name_n chest_n be_v a_o noun_n for_o the_o three_o general_a art_n all_o take_v their_o notion_n from_o ens_fw-la and_o yet_o ens_fw-la itself_o may_v belong_v to_o physics_n logic_n take_v notion_n of_o it_o as_o it_o have_v cause_n effect_n subject_n and_o adjunct_n grammar_n as_o it_o do_v notify_v it_o by_o its_o name_n to_o another_o physic_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o principle_n and_o for_o that_o distinction_n of_o vox_fw-la to_o be_v primae_fw-la or_o secundae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la it_o be_v a_o toy_n as_o animael_o say_v they_o be_v primae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la genus_fw-la secundae_fw-la but_o i_o will_v ask_v they_o be_v animal_n &_o genus_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n no_o for_o they_o belong_v to_o divers_a art_n and_o genus_fw-la in_o his_o own_o art_n be_v as_o well_o primae_fw-la intentionis_fw-la as_o animal_n be_v and_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacia_fw-la accidentis_fw-la de_fw-fr voce_fw-mi simplici_fw-la not_o the_o vocibus_fw-la and_o for_o one_o word_n to_o be_v lay_v to_o another_o word_n be_v but_o accidental_a to_o it_o so_o that_o syntax_n do_v not_o handle_v vox_fw-la he_o say_v vox_fw-la not_o dictio_fw-la though_o sometime_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o it_o be_v dictio_fw-la as_o rhetoric_n take_v the_o notion_n of_o it_o and_o here_o we_o may_v note_v two_o thing_n namely_o that_o first_o when_o we_o look_v at_o or_o consider_v a_o thing_n grammatical_o we_o first_o give_v it_o a_o vox_fw-la that_o be_v a_o name_n for_o that_o be_v the_o most_o simple_a consideration_n of_o a_o thing_n second_o it_o be_v not_o only_a vox_fw-la which_o be_v speak_v but_o which_o be_v write_v also_o vox_fw-la est_fw-la nota_fw-la quâ_fw-la unumquâ—dque_fw-la voco_fw-la some_o call_v it_o dictio_fw-la some_o vocabulum_fw-la but_o vox_fw-la be_v best_o because_o it_o name_v the_o thing_n from_o his_o special_a use_n à _fw-la vocando_fw-la nota._n here_o nota_fw-la be_v not_o general_a to_o vox_fw-la for_o nota_fw-la be_v a_o logical_a term_n and_o belong_v to_o adjunct_n so_o that_o this_o definition_n be_v from_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o conjugate_v and_o he_o mean_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v vox_fw-la be_v that_o whereby_o notice_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v give_v we_o it_o be_v nota_fw-la here_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v vox_fw-la as_o it_o be_v a_o
quality_n in_o man_n proceed_v from_o such_o cause_n but_o as_o it_o do_v notify_v the_o thing_n whereof_o it_o be_v vox_fw-la so_o our_o eye_n of_o reason_n as_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o man_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n belong_v to_o physics_n as_o vox_fw-la do_v but_o as_o it_o do_v act_n for_o that_o eupraxie_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v so_o it_o belong_v to_o logic_n in_o that_o he_o call_v it_o nota_fw-la we_o see_v it_o be_v another_o thing_n than_o the_o thing_n itself_o whereof_o it_o be_v a_o note_n and_o vox_fw-la be_v nota_fw-la i._n e._n a_o notify_n and_o make_v know_v the_o apprehension_n of_o man_n mind_n even_o as_o wax_v have_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o seal_n be_v to_o the_o seal_n itself_o and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v man_n to_o name_n thing_n and_o here_o be_v a_o fallacy_n very_o useful_a to_o say_v this_o or_o that_o be_v a_o true_a speech_n when_o it_o be_v not_o the_o speech_n in_o property_n but_o the_o logic_n clothe_v in_o the_o speech_n that_o be_v true_a or_o false_a vnumquodque_fw-la for_o grammar_n be_v a_o general_n art_n ergo_fw-la ens_fw-la be_v his_o subject_n more_o remote_a so_o that_o here_o he_o do_v but_o specialize_v ens_fw-la so_o that_o vox_fw-la be_v but_o the_o subject_n of_o grammar_n more_o special_a unumquodque_fw-la more_o general_n and_o as_o affectio_fw-la be_v to_o argumentum_fw-la so_o be_v vocatio_fw-la to_o the_o thing_n call_v so_o also_o that_o which_o be_v the_o aliquid_fw-la in_o argumentum_fw-la as_o grammar_n take_v his_o notion_n of_o it_o be_v unumquodque_fw-la and_o that_o definition_n of_o nomen_fw-la of_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v see_v feel_v hear_v or_o understand_v be_v erroneous_a for_o i_o can_v see_v feel_v or_o understand_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o name_v it_o not_o but_o do_v res_fw-la belong_v to_o grammar_n no_o but_o thing_n attend_v ens_fw-la for_o otherwise_o arse_n in_o general_n be_v about_o ens_fw-la and_o word_n be_v term_n give_v unto_o thing_n so_o their_o doctrine_n must_v be_v general_a so_o that_o every_o thing_n have_v its_o name_n which_z notatio_fw-la in_o logic_n show_v again_o here_o we_o may_v see_v that_o verb_n adverb_n and_o conjunction_n be_v voces_fw-la and_o hence_o we_o may_v see_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o noun_n to_o be_v too_o general_a and_o second_o their_o error_n in_o calling_n nomen_fw-la not_z vox_fw-la voco_fw-la here_o i_o be_o tell_v how_o this_o nota_fw-la be_v use_v which_o be_v for_o the_o call_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o name_n of_o it_o hence_o when_o we_o be_v ask_v what_o part_n of_o speech_n such_o a_o thing_n be_v we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v no_o part_n of_o speech_n but_o the_o name_n of_o it_o so_o it_o be_v fallacia_fw-la divisionis_fw-la when_o they_o ask_v what_o part_n of_o speech_n a_o whole_a speech_n be_v it_o be_v a_o great_a question_n which_o scaliger_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cau_v linguae_fw-la latinae_fw-la whether_o word_n be_v ex_fw-la thesi_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la 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with_o respect_n to_o the_o thing_n name_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v be_v in_o the_o thing_n so_o that_o word_n be_v not_o ad_fw-la placitum_fw-la so_o we_o give_v to_o little_a thing_n little_a name_n so_o in_o english_a thing_n that_o be_v glib_a have_v their_o name_n run_v much_o upon_o l_o or_o other_o semi-vowel_n if_o great_a thing_n than_o their_o name_n run_v upon_o grosser_n letter_n now_o the_o art_n of_o speech_n be_v arse_n bexe_n sermocinandi_fw-la for_o that_o be_v general_a both_o to_o grammar_n and_o rhetoric_n and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n concern_v speech_n be_v double_a pure_a and_o ornate_a and_o these_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n which_o rhetoric_n show_v in_o that_o there_o be_v reason_n in_o every_o trope_n and_o figura_fw-la teach_v we_o to_o figurate_a the_o speech_n as_o the_o thing_n be_v and_o if_o it_o be_v great_a we_o give_v it_o a_o great_a name_n if_o little_a we_o give_v it_o a_o little_a name_n and_o hence_o do_v arise_v the_o three_o style_n of_o tully_n that_o for_o a_o lofty_a thing_n we_o have_v a_o lofty_a stile_n for_o a_o mean_a thing_n a_o mean_a stile_n for_o a_o little_a thing_n a_o low_a stile_n and_o that_o with_o good_a reason_n for_o speech_n be_v the_o garment_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a for_o it_o and_o for_o their_o rule_n these_o art_n be_v eternal_a though_o change_v by_o man_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o distinguish_v thing_n by_o their_o name_n and_o rhetoric_n be_v the_o same_o to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o so_o for_o grammar_n the_o rule_n for_o variation_n be_v eternal_a though_o the_o variation_n of_o word_n be_v according_a to_o the_o variation_n of_o man_n and_o this_o consist_v either_o in_o single_a word_n or_o in_o construction_n of_o more_o word_n where_o always_o note_n that_o as_o the_o word_n govern_v do_v depend_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o govern_v it_o so_o do_v the_o thing_n vox_fw-la constat_fw-la syllabâ_fw-la syllaba_fw-la constat_fw-la literâ_fw-la litera_fw-la est_fw-la ex_fw-la sono_fw-la individuo_fw-la for_o sonus_fw-la be_v the_o material_a cause_n of_o it_o the_o form_n be_v from_o the_o figuration_n of_o it_o with_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o mouth_n for_o the_o word_n litera_fw-la some_o think_v it_o come_v from_o litteratura_fw-la and_o therefore_o write_v it_o with_o a_o double_a it_o whereas_o it_o shall_v be_v with_o a_o single_a t_z some_o think_v it_o come_v of_o lineatura_fw-la and_o so_o of_o linea_fw-la from_o the_o matter_n some_o think_v it_o come_v of_o litura_fw-la a_o blot_n which_o scaliger_n believe_v not_o because_o it_o be_v from_o the_o destruction_n of_o it_o but_o this_o reason_n be_v more_o witty_a than_o sound_n for_o man_n be_v call_v mortalis_fw-la of_o his_o death_n but_o i_o think_v it_o come_v of_o litura_fw-la a_o blot_n because_o when_o we_o set_v black_a upon_o white_a we_o do_v as_o it_o be_v blot_v the_o white_a paper_n and_o so_o sometime_o blote_v and_o write_v be_v confound_v n1_fw-la come_v of_o linum_fw-la linen_n make_v of_o flax_n because_o thread_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o be_v consider_v for_o a_o line_n and_o not_o of_o lino_n which_o signify_v to_o blot_v out_o so_o as_o delinere_v be_v the_o same_o with_o delere_fw-la litera_fw-la est_fw-la vocalis_fw-la aut_fw-la consona_fw-la the_o reason_n in_o nature_n be_v because_o there_o be_v two_o principal_a sort_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o mouth_n the_o first_o be_v when_o we_o make_v a_o sound_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n the_o second_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o more_o special_a kind_n of_o the_o use_n of_o the_o organ_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o letter_n either_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n in_o themselves_o or_o a_o incomplete_a and_o even_o as_o in_o nature_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v incomplete_a yet_o make_v thing_n which_o be_v complete_a so_o the_o consonant_n which_o in_o themselves_o be_v incomplete_a with_o vowel_n make_v syllable_n which_o be_v complete_a this_o word_n vocalis_fw-la signify_v vocal_a i._n e._n sound_v of_o himself_o for_o he_o need_v no_o other_o though_o he_o be_v join_v with_o another_o now_o for_o vocalis_fw-la they_o usual_o define_v it_o litera_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la syllabam_fw-la potest_fw-la efficere_fw-la this_o be_v à _fw-la priore_fw-la but_o not_o general_o true_a for_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n our_o w_n oo_z ee_o never_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n neither_o in_o hebrew_n and_o yet_o there_o they_o make_v a_o complete_a sound_n though_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o consonant_n now_o for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v define_v a_o vowel_n to_o be_v litera_fw-la quae_fw-la completum_fw-la sonum_fw-la edit_fw-la or_o quae_fw-la plenè_fw-la sonat_fw-la or_o rather_o quae_fw-la constat_fw-la sono_fw-la completo_fw-la but_o in_o