not-Fundamental may overspread the Church or at least a great and considerable part of it and why Several Instances of such Errors in the Roman Church Sect. 12. That the Holy Scripture or Written Word of God is the Rule of Faith That Tradition is a necessary means whereby to attain to the certain knowledge thereof That the Multitude or weakest sort of Christians are not able of themselves without the help of others to resolve Faith aright or be rationally assur'd what the Doctrine of Salvation is Sect. 13. The harm that may arise to the Church from the belief of an Error not-Fundamental to be an Article of Faith The true stating of the difference between the Church of England and the Church of Rome The Church of England clear'd from the guilt of Schism and the Roman justly blam'd for being Cause of the separation That the joynt Concurrence of Scripture and Oral Tradition or the practical Delivery of Christs Doctrine was recommended by the Blessed Apostles to the Church the Restauration of which Concurrence 't is humbly conceiv'd would be a firm Foundation for re-uniting dissenting Christians in Matters of Religion and the Continuance of it a lasting Means for perpetuating Christianity in i'ts Ancient native Purity Errata In the Contents Sect. 6. l. 2. read for Reformed Reformation Sect. 8. l. 8. for intelligent intelligible Pag. 9. l. 15. r. but impious p. 17. l. last viz. p. 31. l. 1. r. Canonical Scripture p. 32. l. 12. 13. r. Church diffusive p. 40 l. 16. r. Efforts p. 47. l. 6. r. formerly p. 62. l. 5 6. r. to be perform'd actually p. 72. l. 7. r. so often as p. 82 l. 2. r. as prone as possible p. 91. l. 17. blot out if p 97. l. 10. r. die l. 11. r. sedet p. 99. l. 1. r. de scendit l. 13. r obtemperantibus p. 100. l. 1. r. Act. 4. 12. p. 101. l. 11. r. nascetur p. 106. l. 3. r. descendet p. 112. l. 15. r. in Scripture as l. 16. Traditionist p. 113. l. 5 r. Traditionist p. 121. l. 18. r. ascension p. 122. l. 2. r. ascension p. 126 127 r. of what validity Four are p. 128. l. 3. r. thus l. 14. those p 141. l 15 16. r. in the Creed there set forth l. 18 and that also p. 142. l. 23. r. or it is not p. 143. l. 14. r. Latins l. 19. Lombard p. 144. l. 4 5. r. ineandem nobiscum l. 8. unam eandemque fore sententiam p. 145. l. 1. r. Quaest 36. p. 146. l. 5. r. disertè dicant p. 154. l. 20. r. as an Article p. 158. l. 7. r. superfluous p. 161. l. 9. soever there be p. 162. l. 10. r. and not to be extended p. 170. l. 2. r. in such case p. 171. l. 16. r. spilt p. 179. l. 19. r. what they teach p. 183. l. 4. r. Distinction p. 192. l. 10. r. Lawd p. 195. l. 13. r. Polemical The rest are more obvious literal mistakes in appearences yeild adhear oblid'g Antichrist Writting all be it vulger with some small characters for great and great for small The several Ways of resolving Faith in the Roman and Reformed Churches With the Authors impartial thoughts upon each of them And his own Opinion at length shown wherein the Rule of Faith doth consist Which clears upon rational Grounds the Church of England from criminal Schisme and lays the Cause of the separation upon the Roman SECT I. There is a Rule of Faith instituted by God Three different Opinions among the Learned of the Roman Religion wherein that Rule doth consist SInce it was the Almighties good pleasure to create Man a reasonable Creature it became his Divine Wisdome and Goodness not only to ordain an End convenient for Him with Means likewise available thereto but also to constitute a Way by which he might come to the certain Knowledge of both for in vain would the two former have been instituted without the last when by this alone both the other were to be made known unto Him That therefore there is a Way ordain'd by God whereby to understand aright Mans Chief End and the proper Means available to it remains without dispute Yet such notwithstanding is the difference and disagreement amongst divers men of greatest Wit and Learning about it that through their subtil Arguments and eager Zeal to defend every one his espous'd Opinion not a few sober well minded Christians are brought into a Labyrinth of intricate difficulties and doubts what they ought to beleeve whilst the Controvertists in Religion though in general they acknowledge that the Gospel of Christ published to the World declares wherein Mans Felicity and the Means thereof consist yet are at perpetual discord what the particular Doctrines necessary to the Salvation of Mankind contain'd in that Gospel or Revelation be and that because they cannot agree where the Way which leads to the certain knowledge of Christs Doctrine is to be found or as for brevity 't is phras'd what the Rule of Faith is This gave the occasion of my undertaking the following Inquirie the designe whereof is to endeavour to the utmost of my power the gaining a well-grounded satisfaction in a matter of so great Concern as the Rule of Faith is to be truely known For the compassing of which longing desire of my heart I judge it the best expedient I know of to take an equal and impartial view of the differing Opinions about it that either by comparing them together I may be enabled to make a rational choice of some one before the rest or els to gather from the whole disquisition that satisfaction is not to be expected without a further enquiry to be made wherein the Rule of Christian Faith doth really consist The first difference worthy of notice about the Rule of Faith or the Way which guides and directs to the clear knowledge of Christs Doctrine is concerning the nature of the assurance which it is to afford some affirming that it ought to give infallible certainty whilsts others say that it needs only yield a Moral certitude or such an assurance as is sufficient to remove actual doubting but not which renders it impossible to be deceiv'd in Matters of Faith Those that hold the Rule of Faith to administer infallible certainty of Christian Doctrine are part of them of the Roman and part of the Reformed Church Those who maintain the contrary are only some of the Reformed As to the merit of either opinion I 'le leave the discussion of it to another place and at present shew wherein the Romish Controvertists of which there are three distinct sorts place the Rule of Faith The first sort maintain that A General Council confirm'd by the Pope or as the Proposition is rendred by some The Pope defining in a General Council cannot erre and so make The Definition of a General Council confirm'd by the Pope or The Definition of the Pope in a General Council The Rule of Faith is the same thing
THE SEVERAL WAYS Of Resolving FAITH IN THE ROMAN and REFORMED CHURCHES With the Authors impartial thoughts upon each of them And his own Opinion at length shewn wherein the Rule of Faith doth consist Which clears upon rational Grounds the Church of England from criminal Schism and laies the Cause of the separation upon the Roman YORK Printed by Stephen Bulkley and are to be sold by Richard Lambart Book-seller in the Minster-yard 1677. THE PUBLISHER To the Pious and Intelligent READER IF Reader thou be indeed so qualified as the style I give thee imports the following Treatise will I am confident find a very gratefull acceptance with thee For as the Subject of it's Discourse is of highest Consequence and so esteem'd by all who have a greater value for the Truth of Christianity then for the Concern of secular Interests and Enjoyments so will the handling of it be with that impartiality sincerity and seriousness seen perform'd that thou'lt easily own it to be a Tract wholly design'd for conviction and satisfaction not at all for contention or ostentation This 't is true makes it appear in a plain and homely dress the Author having purposely declin'd Rhetoricall Ornaments as fitter for an eloquent insinuating Harangue then for a controversiall strict Discourse whose aime and intent should not be to please the Phansie with gay and empty appearences but to fix the Understanding with plain and solid Truths Whereunto how far this small Piece in what it treats of is conducible I shall wholly leave to thy own impartiall thoughts to judge Permit me yet which with modesty enough I may crave to use the freedome to tell thee that the Way the Author takes for effecting his desire which is to be confirm'd upon sure Grounds What the Means instituted by God for attaining to the certain knowledge of Christs Doctrin be is such that nothing but very calumny can accuse him of any sinister or partiall proceeding This although a Motive materiall for recommending the perusall of his Book especially considering how polemick Disputes are too frequently mannag'd yet was my apprehension of the soundness of the Discourse it self and of the great assistance it brings to the rationall defence of the truly Protestant Profession but not of whatsoever is so call'd by every Opinionist the principall Inducement that mov'd me with my friends permission to publish it I speak not this Courteous Reader to forestall in the least thy Judgement but remit thee to thy full liberty and the rather because to do otherwise were to offer violence to the nature of the Treatise it selfe whose entire complexion in the whole and every part thereof is ingenuous and free looking on whatsoever is within it's prospect with the most equall eye imaginable and yet passing over nothing of moment without a due inspection of it as by an indifferent view thereof thou wilt easily perceive Farewell The Contents SEction 1. There is a Rule of Christian Faith or a Way whereby to come to the certain knowledge of Christs Doctrine instituted by God Three different Opinions among the Learned of the Roman Religion where that Way is to be found or wherein the Rule of Faith as 't is called by Controvertists doth consist Sect. 2. The Ground of the first Opinion of the Romanists which places the Rule of Faith in the Definition of a General Council confirmed by the Pope being this That a General Council confirm'd by the Pope cannot erre in Matters of Religion seriously consider'd of and thought to be erroneous Sect. 3. The Reason of the second Opinion among the Romish Party namely That the Definition of a General Council conciliarly proceeding with or without the Pope is the Rule of Faith held to be That a General Council conciliarly acting is infallible in Catholick Points of Faith taken into consideration and it 's double meaning explain'd the truth of which in one of them only is here brought to the Test the certainty of it in it's other sense being left to be examin'd in it's due place afterward Sect. 4. The Foundation whereon we find the third Opinion of the Romanists to wit that Oral Tradition or the living Voice of the Present Church in every Age is the Rule of Faith to be built viz. That Tradition is in Articles of Faith perpetually the same in all Ages well div'd into and more largely because of the present great vogue it has with the learned of the Romish Profession here in England insisted on then the Grounds of both the two former Opinions are Sect. 5. The Controvertists of the Reformed Church make Scripture the Rule of Faith Two main different Opinions notwithstanding in what sense it is so held to be The former Assertion viz. That the Scripture is clear to every understanding illuminated by the Holy Ghost in all those things which are necessary to salvation throughly inspected and esteem'd to be more plausible then sound A Sect that holds private inspiration of the Spirit of God absolutely necessary as well for knowing as understanding the Word of God Another sort of People who talk of a Light within them to be their sole Guide in Matters of Belief and Practise Both these Pretensions fairly discuss'd and found to be Delusions Sect. 6. The other Assertion which some of the Reformed hold viz. That all things necessary to Salvation are clear in Scripture to every understanding impartially reflected on and Reasons given why 't is thought to be rather popular and pleasing then solid and satisfactory Sect. 7. Whether the Rule of Faith affords infallible or but moral certitude of Christs Doctrin Whether we may not now in our days have as great certainty thereof as the Disciples of the Apostles had And whether the like certainty which they had be not enough for the Church of the present and future Ages Sect. 8. By what Means the knowledge of a Matter of Fact such as the preaching of the Gospel by Christ and His Apostles was may be perpetuated An examen of the force of the Romanists main Argument whereby they endeavour to shew that Scripture cannot be the Rule of Faith Whether the Scripture be not as intelligent in Points of Faith as Tradition or the Living voice of the Church is Sect. 9. What the Properties of the Rule of Faith be and whether they agree to Holy Scripture Sect. 10. An Enquiry Whether Christs Doctrine has been practically convey'd without intermission from the days of the Apostles unto ours And of what validity four grand Arguments urg'd against the indefectibility of Tradition are Sect. 11. What rational assurance we have That Scripture is not corrupted in Necessaries to Salvation The way to know what Things have been ever Orally taught Two Reasons given why Tradition though it be of an indefectible Nature should not be the Rule of Faith Whether a Fundamental Error can ever obtain a setled quiet possession in the visible Church An offer from Reason for the impossibility of the thing Errors
is not if it be not Tradition is no way concern'd let the Greeks and Latins too hold whether way they please about it If it be an Article of Faith and that the Greek and Latin Churches agree in the substance and sence of it and differ only in the manner of the expression there has been no failure of Tradition in the Greek Church concerning the procession of the Holy Ghost Forasmuch then as it remains only to be known whether the Greeks and Latins agree in Sence though they differ in words or the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 per Filium be the same in effect with the Latin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 á Filio let 's see what the Roman Doctors who we may be sure will be no more favourable to the Greeks then 's fitting say to 't Peter Lombert writing of the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Father and the Son saith Sciendum est quòd Graeci confitentur Spiritum Sanctum esse Filii sicut Patris quia Apostolus dicit Spiritum Filii Veritas in Evangelio Spiritum Veritatis Sed cùm non sit aliud Spiritum Sanctum esse Patris vel Filii quà m esse à Patre Filio etiam in hoc in eandem nobiscum Fidei sententiam convenire videntur licet in verbis dissentiant Unde etiam quidam eorum Catholici Doctores intelligentes unam eandémque fore sententiam praedictorum verborum quibus dicitur Spiritus Sanctus procedere à Filio esse Filii professi sunt Spiritum Sanctum etiam procedere à Filio Lib. 1. Sentent Distinct 11. D. E. Where the same Author goes on to shew That several eminent Greek Fathers Athanasius Didymus Cyrillus and Chrysostom accord even in expressions also about the Procession of the Holy Ghost Aquinas propounding the Question Utrum Spiritus Sanctus procedat à Patre per Filium concludes affirmatively and answers Objections made to the contrary as is to be seen Part prima Quaest 26. Artic. 3. Yea and Mr. White however in the Apologie for Tradition he calls the Greeks assertion concerning the Holy Ghosts Procession as is truely said of him a meer negative Tradition or a Denial that they have any such Tradition that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son yet explicating els where the sacred Mystery of the Blessed Trinity averrs it to be a more significant Speech to say that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father by the Son then from the Father and the Son which in illustrating the Doctrine of the Trinity by Cognitum Cognitio Amor he thus shews Patet vim motivam quae est in Bono cognito esse totam in ratione Boni rationem veró cognitionis non esse nisi conjunctionem hujus virtutis ad movendum quare alio modo dicitur tertia Persona Procedere à Patre alio modo à Filio quasi directè principaliter à Patre à Filio non nisi concomitanter seu tanquam à modo Causae Unde non mirum si Christus Dominus aliqui Patres disertè dicant eum procedere à Patré sine mentione Filii unde intelligitur quòd sit magis expressiva locutio dicere quòd procedit à Patre per Filium quà m quòd procedit à Patre Filio Cùm enim per quasi viam medium denotet impossibile est procedere per Filium non à Filio quia omnis pars viae respectu termini habet rationem termini à quo principii unde ly pèr explicat esse à à non primo principio SECT XI What rational assurance we have That Scripture is not corrupted in Necessaries to salvation The way to know what things have been ever Orally taught Two Reasons given why Tradition though it be of an indefectible nature should not be the Rule of Faith Whether a fundamental Error can ever obtain a a setled quiet possession in the visible Church An offer from Reason for the impossibility of the thing Errors not-fundamental may overspread the Church and why Several instances of such Errors in the Roman Church THe practical delivery of Christs Doctrine never as has been seen failing it may by carefully searching the Scripture be known what things contain'd in it are of necessity to be generally believ'd and practic'd because no more is so but what has been always believ'd and practic'd by Christians provided assurance may be had what has been ever practically deliver'd and that Scripture is not corrupted in such places of it as contain the Necessaries to salvation or Articles of Catholick and Apostolick Faith For the latter which I 'le first insist on That Scripture is not corrupted in necessary Points I shall briefly say but this Since the actings of Gods Providence are not known to us but as they are seen in second Causes the most rational account we have That Scripture is come safe to our hands without Corruption in all things of necessity to be generally believ'd and practic'd is from hence that Scripture being constantly read by multitudes of Knowing Christians could not possibly be corrupted in Texts containing such things as were perpetually taught repeated and practic'd in the Church of which sort the Necessaries to Salvation are without being taken notice of and if occasion requir'd rectified As for satisfaction in the other difficulty viz. What things have been ever orally taught this in general from what has been sayd appears certain that no Point of Christ's Doctrin shall ever fail And although in this or that Place the continuance of Christian Faith be not necessary yet where ever there has been a visible great Society of Christians wherein it was once firmly setled and which has had a constant succession of Pastors continued in it nothing held by that society to be an Article of Faith could totally cease to be so esteem'd unless so vast a Body in which there would be in every Age a considerable number of wise and pious men could either be universally impos'd on by fraud or forc'd by violence or that all it's Members would carelessly neglect or wilfully forsake what they believ'd to be a necessary Means to save themselves and their Posterity from endless Torment and to bring them to everlasting Jay Universally then such a Body could neither desert nor loose it's Faith in any necessary Point And in case any remarkable Member or Part thereof should ever do it 't would be known and presently oppos'd by the sound Part adhering to the Truth as constant Experience has made evident in the timely resisting of all Heresies This if granted to be true plain reason will enforce our assent that the Latin or Western Church being such a Society as is before mentioned did at the begining of the Reformation and still does hold and maintain all the Articles of Catholick and Apostolick Faith Obiection If the Latin or Western Church when the Reformation begun did really hold all the
Articles of Catholick and Apostolick Faith by vertue of Oral Tradition communicating the same unto it what good cause can be shewn why Tradition should not be the Rule of Faith even without having the Doctrins it delivers confirm'd by parallel Texts of Holy Writ Answer since the Rule of Faith must doubtless be that into which it is ultimatly resolv'd as the best and highest Means of ascertaining Christs Doctrin to Mankind and that the same must contain in it no Error this Inference I think will be clear that in case Oral Tradition or the Living voice of the Church either be not the best and highest means whereby to ascertain Christs Doctrin to Mankind or that it may deliver or teach an Error under the notion of an Article of Faith it cannot be in justice esteem'd the Rule of Faith And that Oral Tradition or the Living voice of the Church is not the best and highest means whereby to ascertain Christs Doctrin to Mankind the following Paragraph I think will make good Where two Testimonies both averr and attest the same thing if the one be of Divine the other but of Humane Authority the Testimony that is Divine ought of Right to have the preeminence and the relyance for the verity of what is witnessed by them is to be ultimatly cast upon it Seeing then the Testimony of Scripture is Divine as being ex confesso the Word of God and Tradition but an Humane Witness forasmuch as it is said to be the Delivery of Christs Doctrine in the various expressions of Pastors Parents Tutors Masters of Families and Nurses 't is most reasonable that Faith should be finally resolved into Scripture and not into Tradition as it 's Rule Yea and albeit Tradition may peradventure in some things be thought more plain then Scripture as for example suppose in the Point of Christs Divinity these words of the Nicene Creed Deum de Deo Lumen de Lumine Deum verum de Deo vero genitum non factum consubstantialem Patri per quem omnia facta sunt yet that Scripture should be still esteem'd the Text and Tradition but the best and most certain Comment upon it I gather from hence That it cannot well be otherwise thought but that even the Disciples of the Apostles after the Books of the New Testament were publish'd and receiv'd among Christians would themselves confirm to their Auditors what they told them they had been Orally taught by the Apostles out of the written Word because the very sayings of Christ himself and his divinely inspir'd Apostles would in common prudence be thought to be of greater weight and authority with them then their own although beleiv'd to be esteem'd by the people as true and certain as any whatsoever not of more then Humane Authority Having found then I suppose one reason why Tradition ought not to be held the Rule of Faith I 'le make tryal if in another sense also it be not incapable of being justly so reputed for if the present Church of any one Age can teach us an Article of Faith what is not so but indeed an Error then is not Tradition the Rule of Faith Now to find out whether the Church in any one Age can do so or not this will be a sure way to try if discovery can be made That any Error has been ever taught by the Catholick Church or by any known and acknowledg'd Part of it as an Article of Faith for if that can be done the possibility of the thing is put out of doubt thereby To make a clear discourse on this subject 't will be expedient to consider That there be two sorts of Errors in Matters of Religion Fundamental and not Fundamental By Fundamental I mean such as either immediatly and directly or at least by necessary and apparent Consequence contradict some Articles of Catholick Faith by not-Fundamental I mean such as evidently do neither This Distinction premis'd and allow'd of since 't is clear as I take it by what has been said of the Motives and Means of perpetuating Christs Doctrin in the World that no Article of Catholick Faith can ever perish or cease to be beleiv'd 't will follow that no Fundamental Error can at any time get a setled and quiet possession in the Church but shall always after it is taken notice of find opposition by Orthodox Christians because they cannot chuse but see that the embracing of it would necessarily destroy the contrary Divine Truth firmly held by so many at least as rightly consider the matter to be necessary to Salvation Of the assured certainty of this we have a famous Instance in the Arian Heresie which though eagerly promoted by the Wit and industry of most cunning and restless Heretics and stiffly back'd and countenanc'd by the Authority of several great Prelats assisted with the might and power of Temporal Potentates and Princes yet was still oppos'd and when fraudulent and violent means had tyr'd and spent themselves the opposit Truth prevail'd and shew'd it self more glorious then before But as for Errors not-Fundamental or whose opposition to any Article of Faith is not seen because too remotely contradictory thereto to be easily discern'd if such once come to be receiv'd as pious Opinions and promoted by the Schoolmen I do not understand why they may not in long continuance of time be advanc'd to the repute of being esteem'd Articles of Faith For proof of the truth of which I 'le produce some few Instances in the Doctrin of the Church of Rome The first shall be this That the Council of Trent has desin'd Sess 7. Can. 9. That there is a Character or certain spiritual sign or mark imprinted in the souls of all that are Baptiz'd Confirm'd and Ordain'd which yet I find disprov'd by an eminently Learned Gentleman of the Romish Church if I understand the Council and Him aright in his Institut Sacr. Tom. 2. Lect. 4. Pag. 32. as was shewn before in Sect. 4. of this Treatise and so superfluously to be here again set down A second Instance is the Belief of freeing souls from Purgatory and bringing them thence to Heaven before the day of Judgement which Opinion the last mentioned Author Thomas Albius in his Book De medio animarum statu has prov'd to be erronious 'T is true indeed he saies That it is no Article of the Roman Faith and I find the Trent Council in disertis verbis to affirm only this Purgatorium esse animà sque ibi detentas fidelium suffragiis potissimùm verò acceptabili Altaris Sacrificio juvari Decret de Purgatorio Sess 25. But the Popes granting InIndulgences and Priviledg'd Altars Priests saying of Masses and the Peoples praying and giving Alms for the delivery of souls out of Purgatory should better an indifferent person would be apt to think expound and declare the Churches sense or intention of Pastors Parents Tutors Master of Families and Nurses of the word juvari then any privat Doctor whatsoever Yea and if