by_o all_o such_o i_o conceive_v be_v ancient_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o common_a dialect_n in_o greek_a and_o of_o the_o like_a kind_n be_v that_o which_o be_v speak_v in_o and_o about_o the_o court_n and_o by_o scholar_n and_o person_n of_o a_o liberal_a education_n among_o we_o and_o elsewhere_o 3._o if_o a_o tongue_n in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o a_o mixture_n of_o other_o nation_n or_o by_o the_o removal_n of_o a_o people_n from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o or_o by_o any_o other_o cause_n come_v to_o be_v so_o alter_v as_o the_o mother_n and_o original_a tongue_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o ledesma_n 5._o say_v it_o be_v in_o spain_n than_o it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o vulgar_a tongue_n but_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o unknown_a ii_o there_o be_v a_o common_a tongue_n which_o though_o not_o the_o mother_n or_o national_a tongue_n be_v however_o with_o that_o common_o and_o general_o understand_v thus_o it_o be_v ancient_o in_o many_o place_n with_o 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the_o roman_n in_o their_o several_a province_n that_o the_o vulgar_a be_v scarce_o more_o thus_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o proconsular_a africa_n where_o though_o less_o accurate_o speak_v than_o at_o rome_n it_o be_v so_o well_o understand_v 14_o that_o s._n austin_n say_v he_o learn_v that_o language_n of_o his_o nurse_n and_o at_o play_n and_o do_v write_v as_o well_o as_o preach_v in_o it_o for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o call_v it_o our_o speech_n whereas_o the_o punic_a be_v the_o vulgar_a tongue_n of_o that_o country_n and_o such_o a_o common_a tongue_n be_v french_a in_o flanders_n lingua_n franca_n in_o the_o straits_n and_o english_a in_o some_o part_n of_o wales_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o learned_a tongue_n which_o though_o common_a among_o the_o learned_a yet_o they_o be_v few_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o understand_v it_o not_o it_o can_v be_v call_v a_o common_a tongue_n such_o be_v greek_a and_o latin_a now_o iv._o there_o be_v a_o tongue_n 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a_o vulgar_a tongue_n in_o divine_a service_n they_o present_o multiply_v authority_n to_o show_v that_o in_o many_o place_n they_o use_v greek_a 51._o and_o latin_a and_o that_o greek_a and_o latin_a be_v oftentimes_o not_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n where_o they_o be_v so_o use_v as_o if_o the_o common_a tongue_n for_o such_o be_v those_o two_o in_o elder_a time_n where_o they_o be_v not_o the_o vulgar_a be_v oppose_v to_o the_o vulgar_a as_o much_o as_o unknown_a be_v to_o know_v and_o each_o be_v inconsistent_a 15._o with_o the_o other_o thus_o they_o tell_v we_o from_o s._n jerom_n that_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n in_o galatia_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o treviri_n in_o germany_n and_o yet_o there_o and_o in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v the_o scripture_n if_o not_o their_o divine_a service_n in_o greek_a not_o observe_v that_o greek_a be_v the_o common_a tongue_n of_o those_o part_n and_o that_o both_o that_o and_o a_o vulgar_a be_v there_o 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compare_v those_o time_n and_o place_n in_o which_o the_o latin_a and_o greek_a be_v common_o know_v and_o understand_v with_o our_o time_n and_o place_n in_o which_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v understand_v but_o by_o the_o learned_a 16._o last_o will_v they_o show_v that_o s._n paul_n in_o 1_o corinthian_n 14._o do_v not_o oppose_v service_n in_o latin_a they_o undertake_v to_o show_v that_o he_o oppose_v no_o other_o service_n than_o what_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a and_o no_o body_n understand_v as_o persic_a and_o arabic_a and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o condemn_v a_o learned_a tongue_n thereby_o suppose_v the_o learned_a tongue_n and_o tongue_n altogether_o unknown_a to_o be_v different_a in_o kind_n whereas_o they_o only_o differ_v so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v rare_o understand_v and_o by_o very_a few_o in_o comparison_n and_o
sebastian_n or_o s._n michael_n himself_o the_o protector_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o place_n and_o yet_o all_o this_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o common_a and_o not_o a_o religious_a object_n and_o be_v only_o the_o fruit_n of_o imagination_n and_o not_o of_o instruction_n it_o deserve_v another_o name_n than_o devotion_n and_o be_v not_o so_o account_v by_o themselves_o and_o now_o why_o what_o be_v give_v suppose_v to_o a_o right_a object_n but_o without_o knowledge_n shall_v not_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o other_o that_o be_v intend_v to_o a_o right_n but_o be_v address_v by_o mistake_n to_o a_o wrong_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o discern_v furthermore_o let_v we_o suppose_v a_o case_n a_o person_n be_v beforehand_o possess_v with_o a_o report_n of_o certain_a person_n meet_v together_o upon_o a_o design_n of_o conjuration_n come_v to_o the_o place_n and_o find_v the_o company_n there_o assemble_v and_o hear_v all_o that_o they_o say_v perform_v in_o a_o language_n he_o understand_v not_o he_o present_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o panic_n fear_n and_o be_v every_o moment_n in_o expectation_n of_o the_o foul_a fiend_n appearance_n at_o their_o summons_n but_o be_v all_o this_o while_n abuse_v and_o under_o a_o mistake_n for_o the_o person_n be_v there_o meet_v for_o religious_a worship_n and_o so_o the_o ground_n of_o his_o fear_n imaginary_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n a_o person_n come_v into_o a_o place_n where_o he_o find_v several_a meet_v together_o who_o use_v much_o the_o like_a posture_n as_o if_o they_o be_v at_o their_o devotion_n and_o also_o word_n he_o understand_v not_o but_o what_o for_o aught_o he_o know_v be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v use_v in_o the_o church_n service_n he_o fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n pull_v out_o his_o bead_n say_v a_o ave_fw-la maria_n or_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la or_o what_o he_o have_v be_v use_v to_o in_o that_o kind_n and_o now_o can_v there_o be_v any_o reason_n after_o all_o to_o conclude_v that_o this_o man_n devotion_n arise_v 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separate_v but_o in_o this_o they_o differ_v that_o his_o understanding_n be_v as_o it_o seem_v beyond_o the_o word_n but_o in_o our_o case_n the_o word_n be_v beyond_o the_o understanding_n in_o both_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o word_n and_o where_o they_o be_v use_v they_o can_v be_v the_o mean_n of_o devotion_n which_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v find_v without_o the_o understanding_n than_o the_o understanding_n can_v be_v can_v attend_v or_o be_v move_v by_o word_n that_o it_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o so_o that_o let_v they_o either_o take_v away_o the_o word_n altogether_o and_o use_v no_o tongue_n in_o their_o service_n and_o turn_v all_o into_o mummery_n and_o pageantry_n or_o else_o let_v they_o use_v such_o word_n as_o will_v stir_v up_o religious_a 3_o affection_n in_o the_o faithful_a and_o answer_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v use_v in_o public_a as_o they_o confess_v for_o though_o we_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n with_o bellarmin_n that_o instruction_n be_v not_o in_o the_o 4._o sense_n but_o in_o the_o word_n yet_o how_o a_o man_n can_v understand_v the_o sense_n contain_v in_o the_o word_n without_o understand_v the_o word_n contain_v the_o sense_n be_v as_o hard_a to_o understand_v as_o how_o we_o can_v be_v religious_a and_o devout_a without_o understanding_n and_o for_o we_o know_v not_o what_o but_o to_o proceed_v to_o another_o question_n iii_o let_v we_o consider_v whether_o the_o worship_n so_o perform_v as_o to_o leave_v those_o end_v unattainable_a will_v be_v accept_v by_o god_n divine_a worship_n respect_v god_n as_o its_o object_n and_o so_o the_o end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o give_v honour_n to_o he_o by_o suitable_a thought_n word_n and_o action_n as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v but_o how_o that_o honour_n be_v to_o be_v give_v as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o divine_a institution_n be_v the_o rule_n so_o when_o that_o honour_n be_v give_v to_o he_o the_o end_n for_o which_o the_o worship_n itself_o be_v appoint_v and_o the_o office_n of_o it_o do_v serve_v must_v determine_v and_o if_o these_o end_n be_v not_o respect_v nor_o can_v be_v attain_v in_o the_o way_n of_o its_o ministration_n we_o may_v be_v confident_a that_o as_o the_o worship_n be_v not_o then_o worthy_a of_o god_n so_o it_o be_v not_o accept_v by_o he_o now_o as_o it_o have_v be_v already_o show_v what_o those_o end_n be_v so_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o those_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attain_v where_o the_o service_n be_v not_o in_o a_o tongue_n know_v to_o the_o people_n and_o so_o consequent_o will_v not_o be_v accept_v by_o god_n and_o for_o this_o we_o have_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o romish_a church_n when_o they_o discourse_v practical_o upon_o this_o argument_n and_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o controversy_n before_o we_o of_o this_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o instance_n in_o prayer_n a_o point_n most_o of_o all_o insist_v upon_o of_o which_o it_o be_v say_v in_o 1_o general_a in_o the_o romish_a catechism_n that_o it_o be_v of_o special_a concernment_n after_o what_o manner_n we_o pray_v for_o although_o prayer_n be_v a_o save_v good_a yet_o unless_o it_o be_v right_o perform_v it_o do_v not_o profit_n and_o 4_o elsewhere_o they_o insist_v upon_o several_a thing_n that_o render_v our_o prayer_n ineffectual_a as_o the_o ignorance_n of_o what_o we_o pray_v for_o and_o the_o want_n of_o attention_n or_o assent_n to_o what_o we_o pray_v etc._n etc._n and_o certain_o if_o the_o prayer_n without_o these_o end_n be_v not_o acceptable_a to_o god_n than_o such_o a_o ministration_n of_o it_o as_o render_v those_o end_n unattainable_a can_v be_v lawful_a to_o we_o or_o be_v think_v approve_v by_o he_o but_o how_o well_o and_o true_o soever_o they_o speak_v in_o a_o case_n remote_a from_o controversy_n yet_o when_o they_o come_v to_o controvert_v the_o point_n in_o hand_n they_o do_v in_o effect_n unsay_v all_o that_o they_o have_v say_v and_o then_o the_o prayer_n use_v in_o the_o church_n though_o not_o at_o all_o understand_v by_o the_o people_n be_v magnify_v for_o their_o use_n and_o benefit_n to_o man_n and_o for_o their_o acceptance_n with_o god_n 16._o thus_o the_o rhemist_n we_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o available_a to_o all_o necessity_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o use_n of_o all_o christian_a people_n to_o pray_v in_o latin_a than_o in_o the_o vulgar_a though_o every_o one_o in_o particular_a understand_v not_o what_o he_o say_v and_o sai_z cardinal_z hosius_n when_o 9_o do_v to_o give_v honour_n to_o god_n it_o be_v acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o no_o understanding_n of_o word_n can_v be_v compare_v to_o it_o to_o say_v that_o our_o prayer_n be_v hinder_v of_o their_o virtue_n through_o ignorance_n or_o want_n of_o attention_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o they_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n though_o we_o understand_v not_o what_o we_o say_v be_v thing_n irreconcilable_a but_o set_v aside_o the_o contradiction_n in_o it_o they_o be_v not_o without_o some_o pretence_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o divine_a office_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o people_n understanding_n they_o now_o i_o may_v ease_v myself_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o plea_n because_o they_o suppose_v that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o disprove_v viz._n that_o the_o affection_n can_v be_v benefit_v without_o the_o understanding_n but_o yet_o because_o they_o be_v frequent_o produce_v to_o prove_v as_o well_o the_o no_o necessity_n of_o service_n in_o a_o vulgar_a tongue_n and_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o have_v it_o in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n as_o that_o a_o service_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n and_o efficacious_a to_o the_o people_n i_o shall_v before_o i_o conclude_v this_o head_n to_o which_o
hebrew_n greek_a and_o latin_a make_v all_o to_o his_o praise_n etc._n etc._n 9_o and_o conformable_a to_o this_o be_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o innocent_a iii_o anno_fw-la 1215._o that_o because_o in_o many_o part_n within_o the_o same_o city_n and_o diocese_n there_o be_v many_o people_n of_o different_a manner_n and_o rite_n mix_v together_o but_o of_o one_o faith_n we_o therefore_o command_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o such_o city_n or_o diocese_n provide_v fit_a man_n who_o shall_v celebrate_v divine_a office_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o tongue_n and_o rite_n and_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n 36._o this_o may_v be_v further_o confirm_v by_o the_o very_a office_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n but_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v depart_v from_o scripture_n antiquity_n and_o itself_o when_o it_o do_v require_v that_o divine_a service_n be_v perform_v in_o a_o tongue_n unknown_a to_o the_o people_n and_o that_o it_o be_v never_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o father_n nor_o any_o church_n nor_o even_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o it_o be_v most_o expedient_a to_o have_v it_o so_o perform_v so_o little_o be_v it_o then_o think_v 64._o that_o religious_a thing_n the_o less_o they_o be_v understand_v the_o more_o they_o will_v be_v admire_v and_o that_o to_o preserve_v a_o reverence_n for_o they_o and_o the_o people_n from_o dangerous_a error_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v understand_v so_o little_o be_v it_o plead_v that_o there_o be_v any_o tongue_n sacred_a in_o themselves_o and_o 47._o that_o as_o the_o three_o upon_o the_o cross_n of_o christ_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o and_o to_o exclude_v the_o rest_n so_o the_o latin_a as_o next_o to_o the_o head_n of_o christ_n be_v the_o most_o venerable_a of_o the_o three_o so_o little_o be_v it_o then_o think_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o divinity_n in_o latin_a and_o 72._o something_o more_o of_o majesty_n and_o fit_a to_o stir_v up_o devotion_n than_o in_o other_o tongue_n so_o little_o be_v they_o afraid_a that_o latin_a will_v be_v lose_v if_o the_o service_n be_v not_o keep_v in_o it_o or_o however_o so_o little_a evident_a be_v it_o that_o they_o value_v the_o preservation_n of_o that_o tongue_n above_o the_o edification_n of_o the_o church_n last_o so_o little_o do_v they_o think_v of_o the_o expedience_n of_o have_v the_o service_n in_o one_o common_a tongue_n as_o latin_a 461._o that_o christian_n wherever_o they_o travel_v may_v find_v the_o self_n same_o service_n and_o priest_n may_v officiate_v in_o it_o as_o at_o home_n as_o if_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o few_o that_o travel_n the_o many_o that_o stay_v at_o home_n shall_v be_v leave_v destitute_a and_o for_o one_o man_n convenience_n 10000_o be_v expose_v to_o eternal_a perdition_n these_o be_v argument_n coin_v on_o purpose_n to_o defend_v the_o cause_n and_o so_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o church_n that_o need_v they_o ii_o let_v we_o consider_v whether_o from_o the_o time_n of_o its_o have_v be_v a_o rite_n it_o have_v be_v the_o rite_n of_o every_o church_n 15._o to_o this_o i_o shall_v only_o produce_v their_o own_o confession_n for_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o armenian_n egyptian_n habassine_n muscovite_n and_o sclavonian_n septimo_fw-la have_v their_o service_n in_o a_o tongue_n know_v to_o the_o people_n and_o their_o give_v they_o the_o hard_a name_n of_o heretic_n schismatic_n and_o barbarous_a will_v not_o save_v the_o council_n from_o be_v fallible_a when_o it_o say_v it_o be_v the_o rite_n of_o every_o church_n but_o be_v there_o no_o such_o church_n in_o the_o world_n that_o herein_o practise_v contrary_a to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o it_o will_v no_o more_o justify_v she_o than_o it_o can_v make_v that_o good_a which_o be_v evil_a that_o expedient_a which_o be_v mischievous_a to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n or_o reconcile_v one_o part_n of_o the_o council_n to_o the_o other_o that_o when_o it_o have_v declare_v the_o mass_n contain_v great_a instruction_n for_o the_o people_n yet_o add_v that_o it_o be_v expedient_a and_o a_o approve_a rite_n that_o it_o be_v not_o celebrate_v in_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n but_o say_v they_o this_o be_v grant_v if_o there_o be_v no_o interpretation_n but_o that_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o the_o council_n for_o it_o be_v order_v that_o lest_o christ_n sheep_n shall_v hunger_n all_o that_o have_v the_o care_n of_o soul_n shall_v frequent_o expound_v etc._n etc._n and_o that_o we_o be_v now_o to_o consider_v sect_n iv._o whether_o the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n for_o have_v some_o part_n of_o the_o mass_n expound_v be_v sufficient_a to_o countervail_v the_o mischief_n of_o have_v the_o whole_a celebrate_v in_o a_o tongue_n not_o understand_v of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o excuse_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o injunction_n of_o it_o 63._o this_o be_v the_o last_o refuge_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o confess_v that_o without_o a_o interpretation_n s_o paul_n be_v against_o they_o but_o with_o this_o they_o plead_v he_o be_v for_o they_o but_o what_o shall_v we_o then_o think_v of_o the_o case_n in_o their_o church_n at_o a_o time_n when_o as_o the_o people_n can_v not_o understand_v so_o the_o priest_n can_v not_o interpret_v and_o want_v both_o the_o gift_n and_o have_v not_o acquire_v so_o much_o as_o the_o art_n of_o it_o what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o their_o case_n and_o their_o church_n that_o have_v neither_o provide_v nor_o do_v use_v such_o a_o interpretation_n as_o the_o apostle_n speak_v of_o but_o what_o differ_v as_o much_o from_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o light_n it_o give_v to_o the_o people_n as_o both_o that_o and_o the_o tongue_n they_o use_v do_v in_o the_o way_n by_o which_o they_o be_v obtain_v if_o it_o be_v a_o translation_n what_o a_o ludicrous_a thing_n will_v it_o be_v for_o a_o church_n in_o its_o constant_a service_n to_o take_v suppose_v the_o lord_n prayer_n in_o piece_n and_o first_o pronounce_v it_o in_o latin_a and_o then_o 62._o in_o english_a but_o as_o they_o do_v not_o permit_v their_o office_n not_o the_o horae_n b._n virgin_n breviary_n or_o mass_n book_n to_o be_v translate_v into_o a_o vulgar_a tongue_n so_o the_o verbal_a translation_n of_o it_o during_o the_o celebration_n of_o mass_n be_v never_o think_v of_o by_o the_o council_n but_o be_v thereby_o condemn_v as_o the_o cause_n and_o seedplot_n of_o many_o error_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v in_o a_o letter_n write_v upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o voisin_n translation_n by_o the_o whole_a clergy_n of_o france_n to_o pope_n alexander_n the_o seven_o and_o whatsoever_o the_o exposition_n do_v refer_v to_o let_v 63._o it_o be_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o devotional_a part_n as_o sanders_n declare_v who_o after_o he_o have_v plead_v that_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n with_o interpretation_n be_v the_o perfect_a fulfil_n of_o s._n paul_n advice_n perceive_v a_o difficulty_n behind_o throws_z all_z off_o with_o this_o if_o the_o interpretation_n of_o prayer_n be_v lay_v aside_o for_o a_o season_n it_o be_v however_o not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v omit_v for_o ever_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o at_o most_o no_o more_o be_v intend_v than_o a_o short_a exposition_n of_o some_o doctrinal_a point_n or_o ceremony_n which_o may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v a_o exposition_n of_o the_o breviary_n or_o any_o other_o book_n contain_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o the_o missal_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o so_o much_o as_o this_o also_o be_v never_o intend_v which_o if_o ever_o be_v very_o rare_o practise_v among_o they_o insomuch_o as_o ledesma_n 2._o say_v that_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o council_n be_v that_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v instruct_v only_o by_o sermon_n indeed_o they_o will_v rather_o have_v this_o go_v for_o a_o argument_n than_o dispute_v it_o they_o do_v as_o the_o irish_a by_o their_o bog_n run_v over_o it_o light_o for_o fear_v if_o they_o tread_v too_o hard_o it_o will_v 176._o not_o support_v their_o cause_n but_o stifle_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o wheel_v off_o again_o and_o then_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o know_a set_a form_n in_o one_o set_v language_n those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o at_o first_o need_v not_o continue_v so_o but_o by_o due_a attention_n and_o diligence_n may_v arrive_v to_o a_o sufficient_a knowledge_n as_o if_o the_o poor_a people_n be_v inexcusable_a if_o they_o do_v not_o arrive_v to_o a_o sufficient_a knowledge_n of_o the_o tongue_n which_o must_v be_v learn_v before_o the_o thing_n without_o other_o help_n than_o their_o own_o attention_n and_o diligence_n when_o the_o priest_n and_o