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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40002	Englands happiness increased, or, A sure and easie remedy against all succeeding dear years by a plantation of the roots called potatoes, whereof (with the addition of wheat flower) excellent, good and wholesome bread may be made every year, eight or nine months together, for half the charge as formerly : also by the planting of these roots ten thousand men in England and Wales, who know not how to live or what to do to get a maintenance for their families, may of one acre of ground make thirty pounds per annum / invented and published for the good of the poorer sort, by John Forster ...	Forster, John.	1664 (1664)	Wing F1601; ESTC R40960	16,456	38

ENGLANDS Happiness Increased OR A Sure and Easie Remedy against all succeeding Dear Years BY A Plantation of the Roots called POTATOES whereof with the Addition of Wheat Flower excellent good and wholesome Bread may be made every Year eight or nine Months together for half the Charge as formerly ALSO By the Planting of these Roots Ten Thousand Men in ENGLAND and WALES who know not how to Live or what to do to get a Maintenance for their Families may of One Acre of Ground make Thirty Pounds per Annum Invented and Published for the Good of the Poorer Sort By JOHN FORSTER Gent. Natura beatis omnibus esse dedit si quis cognoverit uti For the Lord hath chosen Sion to be an Habitation for himself Psal 132. Ver. 14. I will bless her Victuals with increase and will satisfie her Poor with Bread Verse 16. LONDON Printed for A. Seile over against St. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet 1664. TO THE High and Mighty Monarch Charles the II. By the Grace of God KING of Great Britain France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. CUstom not Necessity Most Dread Soveraign seems to be the Cause of most Dedications 't is otherwise in this the Subject and Matter hereof being of publique Utility requires one of publique Authority to patronize it Leaving therefore the more Subordinate I have presumed to address to Your Majesty as Supreme humbly presenting this my weak Endeavour this New Plantation this most profitable Invention to the View and Consideration of Your most SaCRed Majesty a meaner Patron not be fitting not being of Authority sufficient to advance and set forward a Work so generally beneficial beneficial to Your Majesty beneficial to all Your Majesties Subjects beneficial to Strangers and Foreigners of other Nations to Your Majesty by a constant considerable annual Revenue to all Your Majesties Subjects especially to those of the meaner rank by a cheap profitable and easie way of providing for and maintaing of their Families to Foreigners and Strangers of the more Northern Climates by yearly supplying and furnishing them with Corn which may hereafter be spared out of these Your Majesties Dominions Seeing therefore that the Benefit of this Plantation may be so great be pleased most Mighty Monarch to vouchsafe it Your Royal Approbation and Permission it being a Work of Charity of so large an extent that not a few only but all the Poor in general throughout these Your Majesties Dominions will receive benefit by it will so well be provided for that hereafter they will have no cause to complain of the Hardness of the Years or of the Dearness of Corn. Besides this Project may be performed with very little Charge and also in a short time for in two Years and an half the Plantations will be finished to the benefit of Your Majesty and great good of the whole Nation and in three Years all the Charges which is only to the Planters will be re-paid trebble Thus leaving it to Your Majesties Wisdom and Princely Consideration craving Your Gracious Pardon for this Presumption I do hear humbly take my leave and remain Your Majesties Faithful and Loyal Subject JOHN FORSTER TO THE Reader COURTEOUS READER AMong all the Plagues and Punishments Almighty God is pleased to inflict upon Mankind for Sin there are three which seem more grievous and intollerable than the rest viz. the Sword Pestilence and Famine of which three when King David had offended God in numbring the People and was put to his choice in what kind he would be punished for it chose the Pestilence as the least of the three which truly it is all Circumstances being considered and of the other two there is none I think but had rather dye in the Field by the Sword of his Enemy than be pined and starved to death by the bitterness of Famine Now as a good Prince will endeavour what he can possible to preserve his Country from War and the Sword so far as stands best with the safety of Himself and his People And as a good Physician will or at least should take as much care to preserve the Health and prevent the Sickness of his Patients as to Cure them when they are sick So it is the Duty of every good Housholder in times of Plenty to provide for his Family against times of Scarcity and Famine the greatest Judgement of the three For the better and more easie effecting whereof I have in this small Treatise published such a Secret whereby every man in the greatest times of Dearth and Scarcity may have excellent good and wholesome Bread and other kinds of Food for their Families at as cheap Rates as now in times of Plenty which if well made use of I doubt not but it will prove more effectuall against Scarcity and a Famine than the best Alexiterium or Antidote against the Infection of the Plague And since it hath pleased God to deliver such a Talent to my keeping I was willing not to hide it in the Earth or wrap it up in a Napkin but to improve it as well as I could which I hope I have done by publishing of it that thou Loving Reader mayest know it make use of it and receive the benefit of it desiring nothing for my Pains and Labour herein but thy kind Acceptation which if I shall perceive I shall be the more encouraged hereafter according to my Power and Ability further to serve thee in whatsoever Civility and Humanity commands Thine assured Friend JOHN FORSTER From Hanslop in Bucks JULY the 10 th 1664. ENGLANDS Happiness Increased OR A SVRE and EASIE Remedy Against all succeeding Dear Years SEeing that both by the Law of God and the Law of Nature every man is bound to follow some lawful Calling whereby to maintain himself and his Family for he that provideth not for his own Family is worse than an Infidel saith the Apostle and because there are many which have not been brought up in any Calling and many that by one Misfortune of other are come to Poverty and know not which way to get a Maintenance for their Families I shall for their sakes endeavour in this Treatise to shew them a way whereby with the blessing of God they may get an honest Livelyhood and that without much Charge at the first or trouble afterwards And it is by the planting of the Roots called Potatoes by which not only the Planters themselves will reap much gain and benefit but also all those that will make use of them may maintain their Families with much more ease and far less Charge than at any time heretofore Now there are divers kinds of Potatoes all which were originally brought from America The first sort being those of greatest request are the Spanish Potatoes called of the Latines Battata Camotes A●●●…es Ignanes and Inhames The second sort are the Virginia Potatoes called Battata and Battatas Virginianorum Papas Papus and Pappus The third sort are the Potatoes of Canada called of

the Herbarists Heliotropium indicum tuberosum Flos solis piramidalis After peruvianus tuberosus and falsly in English Artechocks of Jerusalem The fourth sort which are these I shall write of in this Treatise and are fittest for our purpose are the Irish Potatoes being little different from those of Virginia save only in the Colour of the Flower and time of flowring for these bring forth a white Flower about the end of June and so continue flowring most part of the Summer the other as Mr. Gerard saith flowreth not till August and beareth a purple Flower These Roots although they came at first from the Indies yet thrive and prosper very well in Ireland where there is whole Fields of them from whence they have been brought into Wales and into the North Parts of England where they likewise prosper and increase exceedingly They are in quality temperate very agreeable and amicable to the Nature of Man and of a good and strong nourishment In substance they are brittle and mealy and therefore very fit to be put into Bread and to make divers kinds of wholesome Meats as shall be shewed hereafter If you intend to plant of these Roots you must make choice of such a Piece of Ground as is not too wet in the Winter for if the water stands upon it and hath not free passage away all the Roots by being too much soaked with the wet will become rotten therefore the Ground must either lye upon some kind of Discent or else be so ordered in the Digging and divided into long Beds with Furrows between them that the water may the better be conveyed away which Beds ought not to be above six Foot wide that so the Planter by going along the Furrows may pluck up the rank Weeds which come up before the Potatoes and not tread upon the Beds Having found out Ground fit for the purpose it must be digged at the beginning of Winter that the Frost may make it hollow and if it be not sufficiently rich of it self it must be made so by mixing good rotten Dung with it and then at the latter end of March it must be digged over again and all the Clods and Turffe being well broken you may plant the Roots half a Foot deep in the Earth and about eight or nine Inches asunder but you must first cut them into quarters or halves or into lesser pieces leaving alwayes upon every piece one Bud at least which you may perceive in the little cavities here and there upon the Roots and thus a great deal of Ground may be planted with a few Roots which about the beginning of May thrust forth their Leaves the Flowers being of a white Colour bud forth in the end of June the Fruit or Berry comes not to maturity in our Climate but is for the most part alwayes green The Roots may be digged from the beginning of September till the end of March seven Months together and may be used for the making of Bread and other kinds of Food eight Months even till the end of April And for fear of Snow or hard Frost they may be kept upon dry boarded Flowers for two or three Months together and though they may seem a little withered yet in the boyling they will be as plump and as full as at the first In the Digging you must observe that all the very small Roots and all the little pieces of Roots must be left in the Ground that it may be sufficiently stored the next year Also they must not be digged after the end of March for that will hinder their early coming up and consequently their increase will be the less Thus far of the manner of planting Potatoes we now come to shew the several Uses thereof and first How to make Bread with Potatoes THe first and greatest Use of Potatoes is for the making of Bread which I doubt not but will be of much benefit to all sorts of people especially to the Poor in times of scarcity And indeed this was the chief Cause both of the Invention and Publication hereof For having seen how much poor people have suffered and what great Complaints they have sometimes made by reason of the dearness of Corn and the slender relief which they found at the hands of those who were able enough to help them I began to think with my self what means might be used to prevent the like for the future And knowing the Nature and great increase of this Root I made trial thereof for the making of Bread and by the blessing of God it succeeded according to my desire I then planted of them and afterwards for two years together I made further trial of them and found that they might be put to divers other good uses which in love to my native Country and for the good of the Poor I have here set down beginning with the way and manner of making Bread therewith which is as followeth If you will bake a Bushel you shall take half a Bushel of these Roots and putting them into two little Nets which is a Peck into each Net boyl them in a Kettle of water till they break between your fingers but let them not break in the boyling when they have boyled a quarter of an hour in which time they will be boyled enough take out the Nets with the Roots and hang them up a while that the water may drain from them then put them out into a wier Sieve made for the purpose being almost as thick as a course hair Sieve and strengthened with three or four strong Wiers or small Iron Rods over-thwart the bottom and with an Iron Truel let them be all broken and rubbed through the bottom of the Sieve into a Vessel underneath by which means the Skins of the Roots will remain behind and the Meal will pass through being much like unto boyled Rice Before you put the Roots into the Nets you must cut the great ones into halves or quarters otherwise the small ones will be boyled to pieces before the great ones are boyled enough The Roots being thus prepared you may make Bread of them after this manner You must take as much Wheat or Barley Flower as your half Bushel of Potato Meal weighs and mix them well together with your hands then put to it as much warm water mix'd with a little Barme as you think will make it into very stiffe Dough and as much Salt as is convenient which being done knead it well until it be exactly mingled which will quickly be by reason of the dryness and mealiness of the Roots afterwards make Loaves of it and see that it be well baked This Bread if the Corn was good and if it be rightly made and well baked will be as hollow and as white as pleasant in taste and as wholesome and nutrimental as if it was all of Wheat for all that have written of Potatoes do agree that howsoever they be eaten they do mightily comfort strengthen

may perhaps be worth eight nine or ten Shillings a year or if it be Pasture or Grass Ground it may be worth twenty Shillings or more we will count how much more profit may be made of it by planting it with these Roots than can be made of it if it lye for Grass or be sowed with Corn and so we shall perceive what the Planters Gain will be And first Every Acre of Ground contains eight-score square Poles or Perches Now suppose that one Pole should bear but one Bushel of Roots in the Acre there would be eight-score Bushels of Roots and every Bushel I mean an heaped Bushel for so such things are alwayes measured will make as much Bread as a Bushel of Corn Here is eight-score Bushels of Roots against twenty thirty or forty Bushels of Corn which is as much as an Acre can yield Now if these Roots may be sold for twelve Pence a Bushel which they are very well worth the eight-score Bushels come to eight Pounds But further if every Pole of Ground yields three or four Bushels of Roots as it will if the Ground be good and yet you may leave enow to store the Ground the next year then is the Gain much the more for out of the Acre may be digged six hundred and forty Bushels which being sold for twelve Pence a Bushel comes to thirty two Pounds thus you may see what Profit may be made of one Acre planted with these Roots Besides the Ground being once planted there is no more charge nor trouble about them unless it be to destroy them which is very hardly done Neither is there any need of Dunging provided the Ground be good at the first for the Stalks being spread upon the Ground when the Roots are digged and there suffered to lye and rot serve instead of Dung whereas for Corn the Ground must every year be dunged ploughed and sowed But if any will bestow Dung upon his Ground then he may reserve the Stalks for Fuel which if well dryed and laid up will be worth the Dung he layes upon his Plantation but they must be left abroad till after Christmass and often turned before they will be through dry but being dry they will be excellent Fuel for brewing heating of Ovens or the like uses As for the Price of the Roots I think none will grudge to give twelve Pence the Bushel for them if they consider what may be saved by them for if when Corn is at five Shillings a Bushel a man may have as much Bread as two Bushels of Corn will make for six Shillings he will have little cause to think it dear because it saves four Shillings in every two Bushels besides a great deal of pains six Shillings being sooner earned than ten and also men that have Ground will be the more encouraged to plant when they see that there is good gain to be made of them But some may say What Profit will be made of them in a plentiful year for when Corn is cheap no body will make Bread of them To which I Answer That in a time of the greatest plenty Bread may be made with one half of these Roots and the other half of Wheat or Barley cheaper than with all Wheat or Barley besides the Bread which is made with Barley and these Roots is whiter and far better than Barley Bread even almost as good as that of Wheat wherefore I cannot think but that they will be used as well in a plentiful year as in a dear year Thus much of the Benefit these Roots will yield to the Planters thereof we will now treat of the other Utilities and Benefits the use of them will bring to the whole Kingdom setting them down every one in particular The First Vtility THe first Utility will be to His Majesty who of the Planters of these Roots may have a Revenue of forty or fifty thousand Pounds per Annum willingly and freely without any manner of compulsion for that thereby the Planters gain and benefit of their Plantations will be made the more certain Now this Revenue may be raised without any Charge at all to His Majesty and without any manner of damage or discontent to any Subject whatsoever after this manner following First If it shall please His Majesty to command that there be brought out of Ireland so many of the said Roots as that with those which already are to be had in England and Wales every man which shall be Licensed by His Majesty to plant of them may have one Bushel at least to begin his Plantation with And if after the Roots are brought over such a course be taken as that they may be conveyed to all the chief Towns throughout England then the Planters may fetch them four or five joyning together without much charge allowing notwithstanding to those that bring them sufficient gain Now if every Planter have one Bushel he may with that plant about four Poles of Ground cutting every Peck into four hundred pieces and planting them as hath been shewed before and by yearly digging them up and planting more Ground without diminishing of them still leaving that which was first planted sufficiently stored with the increase of the second year he may have an Acre and half or two Acres of Ground planted So that at the end of two years and an half he may begin to digg up the Roots to sell and at the end of three years he shall have received one years profit and then all his charge and trouble will be at an end besides the yearly digging of them up which is but little considering the profit he makes by them Secondly If His Majesty will be pleased to command that there be in every Town and Parish one or two according to the bigness of the several Towns and Parishes that shall plant and keep planted with the said Roots each man an Acre and half or two Acres of Ground that they may be sufficiently stored with them Or which is a more certain way that there be for every hundred Families one Planter with all prohibiting all persons whatsoever from planting of them either to sell or for their own private use but only those which have License and Authority from His Majesty to plant and sell them which perhaps may be about the number of ten thousand there being in England and Wales almost ten thousand Parishes and although some Parishes have not an hundred Families yet others have two three or four hundred Families therefore it is probable there may be ten thousand Planters in England and Wales and questionless so many Roots may be had in Ireland and Wales and in the North of England as that every Planter may have a Bushel or more Thirdly If His Majesty shall be pleased to command the use of these Roots by all people in all parts of England and Wales viz. by putting one half or a third part thereof into their Bread for six Months together every