Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	child_n	woman_n	womb_n	1,403	5	9.8281	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68143	The anatomie of vrines Containing the conuiction and condemnation of them. Or, the second part of our discourse of vrines. Detecting and vnfolding the manifold falshoods and abuses committed by the vulgar sort of practitioners, in the iudgement of diseases by the vrines onely: together with a narrow suruey of their substance, chiefe colours, and manifold contents, ioyning withall the right vse of vrines. ... Collected, as well out of the ancient Greeke, Latine, and Arabian authors, as out of our late famous physitians of seuerall nations: their authorities quoted and translated out of the originall tongues, together with some of the authors owne obseruations. By Iames Hart of Northampton. Neuer heretofore published.	Hart, James, of Northampton.; Foreest, Pieter van, 1522-1597. Arraignment of urines.	1625 (1625)	STC 12887A; ESTC S103826	118,124	144

no passage as witnesseth Galen in diuers places Now if any will deny the truth of this point in the first place I answer that as I grant that sometimes there my be notwithstanding that which hath bene said some euacuation during that time and that some part of the same matter might be conueyed into the bladder yet this cometh to passe but very seldome and in a few And againe this would make more against them for all that is by the learned at the most granted in this case is that the vrine may sometimes declare a retention and stopping of the menstruous fluxe whereof if any part during their being with child is voyded foorth as sometimes some women haue some to spare the vrine can no more declare any stoppage of this fluxe and by consequent nothing concerning the conception vnlesse thou wouldest imagine that there be certaine ideas or shapes and pictures of young children conueyed at that time into the vrines of women with child And yet if this were true who told these vrine-mongers that the wombe daunced attendance on the bladder to voyde their seuerall excretions at one and the same time But put yet the case that some part of this menstruous fluxe now and then issuing out at the common conduit with the vrine might shew vs something yet could it not follow but that a number of other signes were also necessarie as hereafter shall appeare Their chiefe ring-leader Actuarius himselfe confesseth that the vrine alone is not able to leade vs vnto this truth Moreouer Aristotle acknowledgeth that the vrines of women with child do differ according to the time that is past since the conception so that there is not one certaine vrine whereon to repose our iudgement And according to the opinion of diuerse others the vrines of women with child alter almost euery day One of these vrines therefore shall neuer giue notice of the conception although it might be sometimes discerned by the vrine And is not this absurditie to presume to know that by one signe which many ioyned together can hardly declare vnto vs Diuerse contents are set downe by some authors following Auicenna which are said to be found in such vrines which neuerthelesse haue bene often obserued as well in the vrines of citizens as countrey people of the malekinde who I am sure were neuer so much as suspected to be with child A certain practicall Professor of the vniuersity of Pisa in Italie saith Scribonius a graue ancient Physitian was wont to say that such as trusted most to this prediction were most of all deceiued and yet he neuer yet in his life time had obserued any such vrines in women with child as Auicenna describeth and that moreouer he had often obserued such contents in mens vrines Adde yet this argument to the former that the conception as also the further growth of the child in the wombe is properly a naturall action and no disease at all for this cause their vrines ought to differ little or nothing from other healthfull womans waters especially in the first moneths as I haue my selfe often obserued Againe what if a woman with child be surprised with some acute disease as commeth often to passe will this then thinke you make no alteration in the vrine And if there were any certainty in this signe alone what needed our Physitians trouble themselues with so many and oftentimes all will not serue the turne Let it therefore remaine firme and ●●able that no certainty can be collected by the sole obseruation of this signe and that to maintaine the same is nothing else but meere imposture and coz●●age But that this is not mine owne priuate opinion onely I will now make it appeare heare therefore some of our learned Physitians deliuer their owne minds that out of the mouth of many witnesses this truth may be confirmed Let Rondeletius first speake It would seeme saith he iustifiable as well by reason as by experience that the vrine may giue vt certaine and assured notice of a womans being with child And D. Gabride said he knew it as assuredly as if he had seene a child in the vrine But of another opinion are all the ancient Physitians who haue left vs no signes of the same in the vrine as also reason it selfe teacheth vs no lesse For since the birth or conception is without the veines and the vrine chiefly giueth vs notice of such diseases as are contained within the veines it can giue vs no certaine assurance of this matter vnlesse we ioyne therewith all other signes as the retention of her monethly disease swelling of her bellie she notwithstanding enioying her perfect health c. Heare now the opinion of some of our Italian Physitians and first of all let the learned Mercuriall vtter his mind Be it knowne notwithstanding that I am not altogether of the Arabian Physitians mind who haue deuised certaine contents which are not to be found in vrines to wit certaine grounds like vnto carded wooll little motes c. No more am I of that opinion that a Physitian may assuredly know by the vrine whether a woman be with child or no by reason that of all the signes which Hippocrates hath in diuers places set downe there is not one that we can certainly trust to The same opinion is by his countrey man Sauonarola yet seconded But here we must be very circumspect in regard that all these signes of conception may sometimes be without the same as in the stoppage of her monethly course ioyned with a false conception in which case many famous Physitians haue bene deceiued and their too forwardnesse hath turned to their great disgrace and infamie as it befell two learned and skilfull Physitians in the Vniuersitie of Pauie Marsilius de sancta Sophia and Petrus de Tussignano both in my time Let yong Physitians therefore be carefull that with the vrine they ioyne all the other signes belonging to conception amongst which one is chiefe which belongeth to the midwife to find out c. And Leo Roganus a learned Romane Physitian is of no other opinion The vrines of women with child saith he differ nothing but by accident from other womens to wit that then in such women as well the action of the stomacke as the appetite and concoction vse ordinarily to be troubled And yet such is the block●shnesse and stupiditie of some Physitians that they are perswaded women with child make vrines differing from other womens It is true that in women with child that bloud which was wont to be voyded monethly is now stayed and kept in wherefore because the same in the first moneths especially not being wholly spent on the nourishment of the child as being then but small it commeth to passe that the action of the stomacke as likewise the appetite together with the concoction are not a litle troubled And therefore being often by reason of their longing desires carried away

may make it to stinke 4. The qualitie either of diet or drugs as hath bene said of the good smell of vrines may likewise procure vnto it an euill smell Looke at large what Sauonarola saith of this point if thou be disposed to see further But what certaintie doth the smell of the vrine affoord vs whosoeuer shall thinke to helpe his vncertaine coniectures by the same should leape out of the frying pan as the prouerbe saith into the fire In the first place it is to be obserued that as well in sicknesse as in health vrines may offer no pleasing smell to the nose and yet the party may be free from any danger at al. But because healthfull folkes seldome send their vrines to the Physitian we will let them passe and come to the sicke I will let Scribonius speake for me Concerning the sicks vrine saith he most do teach vs that stinking vrines signifie putrefaction of humours in so much that by the difference of the smels they take vpon them to iudge of the seuerall humours so putrified O wise woodcockes I willingly yeeld to them that stinke or strong smell doth argue putrefaction in such vrines but of which parts shall this putrefaction be whether of the bladder onely or of the Liuer also of the chest or other members Nay so farre off is the stinking smell from giuing vs any particular notice of the disease that it cannot so much as affoord vs any certaine generall knowledge of the same For many sweet smelling simples saith Montanus may cause a most stinking vrine Cholericke and hote complexioned men void often very strong smelling vrines howsoeuer free frō any disease as I haue often obserued in my selfe And by what meanes I pray thee shouldst thou from the stinking smell of the vrine know putrefaction or how can this putrefaction procure this stinking smell If this were so then would it necessarily follow that whosoeuer were seised with a feauer proceeding from putrefaction of humours should voyd stinking vrines the which is most false The truth of this assumption may from hence appeare that for the most part among an hundred sicke of such feauers scarce shalt thou find one of their vrines so to smell nor yet their bloud at the opening of a veine And for this cause well said Sauonarola in his treatise of Vrines that there are other signes also to be obserued in the annoying of putrified members if we purpose well and orderly to examine trie and finde out any skill concerning vrines And indeed a thousand causes there are which may alter and change their smell By the smell then onely there can neuer be any certaintie collected to informe our iudgements concerning any disease But I am afraid the Reader will take it ill that I so long detaine him among so vnpleasing smels and my selfe begin to waxe wearie of so vnworthie a thing and as I neuer tooke any pleasure in the same so here I leaue it to them that like it better But if I should yet enter vpon the tast I feare I should be worse taxed I can tell no man their tast by mine owne experience Salt they haue alwayes bene counted as the teares likewise If any be incredulous I will not hinder him If our vrinemongers had no better beere allowed them they would not so much adore the pissepot as some of them do But yet if any purpose to practise this point I wish him to go to the Arabians who haue written so curiously concerning this point and it may be in regard of their aromaticall drugs their vrines may be of better taste then those of our Europaeans who feed on grosser food As for the other two qualities the sound and touch we will send them all in one ship to Arabia with their fellowes and now we come to the colours CAAP. III. Of the colours of Vrines how deceitfull they proue and first of the colour commonly called palew or light saffron IF euer vrine proued a strumpet it is of all other parts of the vrine most apparently to be seene in the colour For as sometimes some of the most infamous stewes strumpets infected it may be with the poxe do most curiously decke and adorne by curious painting sumptuous apparell and such other enticing trickes their lothsome and filthie carkasses to the end they may more easily deceiue such as will be caught in their snares doth it not often fare euen so with the colour of the vrine For oftentimes when they make the fairest shew doth not euen death knocke at the doore My purpose is not here to make any phylosophicall discourse concerning the causes of colours in generall and then to apply the same to vrines in particular and so to insist vpon each seuerall colour for this might proue too tedious and perhaps not so pertinent to the purpose we haue in hand And yet notwithstanding I will say something of each of the chiefe and principall colours by the which it may more easily be conceiued that the like deceit may be seene in the others like vnto them Now my purpose is to begin with that colour which is the best of all others being as it were the rule and square whereby we do discerne and iudge of the failings and defects of all the rest This colour is called in Latin Subrufus subaureus or subcroceus and in English palew or light saffron This colour our Physitians do generally account the best of all others and that it best betokeneth exact concoction Neither yet must this first and best colour arguing good concoction be simply and in it selfe so considered but restrained to flourishing age For in old men women and children whose vrines especially childrens do commonly decline towards white and pale it doth betoken that their bodies are too hote either by reason of diet exercise or some other meanes But if one should bring vnto thee such an vrine how couldst thou tell whether it were an old or a yong mans a womans or a childs the messenger not acquainting thee with the particular circumstances It may be thou wilt say the contents will make the case cleare I answer that many causes may depriue them of contents in part or altogether as hereafter shall appeare in the contents and how the substance may alter hath bene said alreadie The common opinion is the higher the colour is the greater heat is argued which opinion to be most false erronious shall hereafter in other colours appeare Besides may not a little extraordinarie watching fasting rheubarb saffron madder roots or such like colour the vrine without any excesse of heat And will the seuerall seasons of the yeare produce no alteration in the vrine that I say nothing of an infinite number of other causes which may in like manner alter them But one signification of such a coloured vrine I cannot here passe by which I remember I once read in an English vrine booke to wit that a maide

young Gentleman in the countrey to mine owne knowledge voyded such an vrine for a quarter of a yeare together and by appearance had so continued long before my sight of the same and yet notwithstanding all the euacuations were vsed it continued so more or lesse vntill his dying day His disease was a Dropsie and with the same was ioyned the yellow Iaundise which did outwardly shew it selfe to the view of the eye His Liuer hote and the whole constitution of his bodie participating of the same distemper But in the yeare 1613. a woman of Northampton of good account being with child voyded an vrine with the like residence and that for as long a time at least and yet did their diseases farre differ For besides her being with a liue child for vntill that time was not my counsell craued she was for a many weekes together neuer free from a Tertian Quotidian or both agues conioyned the which were accompanied with a continuall cough proceeding from a thinne salt rheume with spitting of bloud reaching and casting as also a great laske all which accidents or the most of them did not forsake her till neare the time of her deliuerie Phlebotomie for diuerse considerations I durst not then attempt Other euacuations both vpwards and downewards came in greater abundance then was wished It was now deepely imprinted not in her owne onely but in the conceits of her neighbours and others also of good vnderstanding that in regard of her spitting of bloud she was now farre spent in an irrecouerable consumption Vpon the relation of others I inclined to the same opinion But at my first sight of her together with the sight of the bloud she spat vp I changed my opinion And so God adding his blessing to the meanes she vsed by my directions she brought foorth at the time appointed a liue manchild which neuerthelesse liued not aboue the space of a moneth The mother two or three dayes after her deliuerie was surprised with the Measels and afterwards recouered her health againe the which at this present day she yet enioyeth Here was no Dropsie at all nor yet could I euer perceiue any signe of a hote Liuer and the matter of the Iaundise was voyded both by stoole and vrine It may then plainly appeare how farre the diseases may sometimes differ the residence being still alike in two seuerall bodies sexes c. As concerning bloudy residence as was before said of bloudy vrine it may come either of abundance of bloud in a plethoricall body or else by weaknesse of the retentiue power and of the Liuer the which rightly to discerne wee must be acquainted with diuers other circumstances which the vrine can neuer make knowen It hath beene likewise already related that sometimes great quantitie of bloud it selfe hath beene voyded without any danger and sometimes againe after the voyding of a very small quantitie thereof death hath not long deferred his approaches In the yeere 1614. about the beginning of Ianuary my counsell was demanded for a Gentleman dwelling neare Northampton about fiftie yeares of age or vpwards In his vrine at my first comming at him was to be seene great store of yellowish contents cleauing to the bottome of the vrinall wherewith were intermingled some red streakes of bloud And howbeit I often earnestly intreated him to admit of Phlebotomie as the onely remedy to preuent a greater inconuenience yet could I not preuaile vntill such time as bloud now issuing out in great abundance both vpwards and downewards his strength now decaying and hairy irrecouerable occasion ouer past with a too late repentance he would willingly haue paied a good fine for the renewing of the lease of his life but all too late As concerning white blacke leaden or ash-coloured as also greene and blew contents the vncertaintie of these may be in some sort collected from that we haue already said of such vrines and many other matters I willingly passe by and hasten to the rest to wit diuers other sorts of residences or strange contents called by some difforme contents Purulent or mattery residence doth much resemble a white residence or ground which is so much commended for the best of all others and therefore requireth some iudgement to discerne the one from the other and yet is there a crude and vnconcocted residence not vnlike this purulent matter to bee seene as well in whole as in sicke bodies This purulent or mattery residence againe proceedeth either from the kidneyes or the bladder as is most commonly receiued But heare what the learned Hollerius saith concerning the same Neither yet doth this mattery stuffe alwaies proceed from the kidneys or bladder For it proceedeth almost from euery part of the vpper region of the body by the great and admirable industry of nature and by meanes of the body euery where made passable for such a purpose doth disburden it selfe sometimes into the guts and sometimes againe into the bladder A certaine woman voyded not without great paine and torment such purulent and mattery vrines who foure moneths after dyed and the dead corps being opened two stones were found in her heart with many little impostumes the kidneyes together with the other vrinary passages being free from any other hurt Galen saith Ro●deletius did see an impostume of the Lungs purged by vrine by meanes of the emulgent or sucking arteries The gibbons or backe part of the Liuer the kidneyes bladder and yard make vse of the same passage Now which of these places are affected the griefe and tumor of the part giueth vs notice and not the vrine onely Now red Vetches or Fitches in the residence called therefore Hypostasis orobea or eruarea are recorded by our Authors to signifie either great inflammation of the Liuer or colliquation of the whole body or of the kidneyes onely And so branny contents signifie sometimes consumption of the whole body or of the bladder onely with concoction no Ague and great heat wasting the substance of the Liuer and burning the bloud if it be red So do fine branny contents signifie a collequation or wasting of the solid parts sharpe sicknesse and for the most part mortall and some adde yet that it is sometimes seene in the vrines of women with child And if this residence be red they attribute it to extreame adustion of the bloud Scales called Lamine Squame differ not much in signification To Haires or small filaments in the vrine are attributed also diuers significations as namely a consumption of the whole body a Feuer then being ioyned therewith or else of the kidneyes onely and then is no Feuer to be seene They are according to Galen engendered of a tough Phlegme proceeding from the vse of grosse diet Sometimes also they are said to signifie exulceration of the reines or bladder and sometimes also fluxe of seed from seuerall causes And finally womens white fluxe from the matrixe or wombe

with a desire of such things as engender little good nourishment they engender great store of crudities which may plainly be seene by their vrines the which are also common to all such as abound in crudities To the former we will adde yet a late writer of the same nation because he speaketh so plainly and to the purpose The booke was first written in the Italian tongue and since translated into French out of the which I haue translated this parcell Truth it is that we must not altogether relie vpon the vrine to know whether a woman be with child or no. For the vrine can giue thee no further assurance of the same then by the retention of her accustomed monethly course and by the which we do commonly collect some presumption of conception Now it may easily come to passe that a woman may be surprised with many infirmities which may hide and darken the principall signe of conception if any there were in the vrine such as be headach any cold especially being accompanied with a cough cruditie or indigestion of the stomacke great paine in the kidneyes c. And which is yet more the eating of raw fruite sallets milke porke pease sperage cabbage artichocks mushromes and many other such kind of food not being ordinarie or vsuall to the partie are sufficient to alter and change not the colour onely but the contents of the vrine also Moreouer the vrine doth most properly and assuredly declare vnto vs the infirmities of the parts from whence it commeth and through the which at length it passeth For the which cause it is more then manifest that there is no assured knowledge to be had by the vrine concerning the conception no more then by the retention of her monethly course sin●e that without conception the foresaid retention and stopping is found as well in maides as in married women The last and most certaine signe of conception is when as the child beginneth to stirre and moue Mercatus a learned Spaniard after he hath set downe a number of other signes at length addeth these words As concerning the vrine howbeit in this case it doth affoord vs but a very vncertaine iudgement yet may we sometimes draw some certainty out of the same But how I pray thee By obseruing her seuerall vrines at diuerse times beginning with the first moneth of supposed conception and so obseruing the seuerall alterations vntill the time of her deliuery approach Then withall setteth he downe all the seuerall trials which the famous Hippocrates hath left vnto vs all which were needlesse and superfluous if the vrine of it selfe were sufficient for this purpose Now let vs adde yet one storie of the deceitfulnesse of this signe in conception recorded by a learned Germane Physitian Franciscus Emericus Doctor in Physicke and of the chaire in the Vniuersitie of Vienna in his discourse entituled whether the obseruation of the pulse or of the vrine doth affoord vnto the Physitian more certaine and assured foreknowledge of the life or death of the patient and printed anno 1557. relatet● that in the yeare 1555. in the Citie of Vienna a certaine friend of mine saith he called Georgius Rithamerus a man of singular learning being very desirous of issue came to one of the Physitians of the Colledge of best note bringing with him his wiues vrine to know whether she were with child as he deemed or no. The Physitian vpon the bare sight of the vrine onely did peremptorily affirme that she was for certaine with child and that of a boy After the which time Rithamerus began quite to distaste me and that onely by reason that vpon the sight of her vrine together with diuers other signes and circumstances thereto belonging I had deliuered my opinion that she was not at all with child And besides he prouided with all expedition both midwife nurse and all other things belonging to that businesse It was afterwards constantly and confidently euery where noysed abroad that she was with child The women her attendants by reason of some accidents wherewith she was now and then troubled appointed her diuerse baths by meanes whereof being surprised with the falling sicknesse she was in a very short time freed from all the miseries of this mortall life Of whose death being aduertised I did very earnestly intreate the aforesaid Rithamerus that both in regard of that ancient bond of loue and amitie betwixt him and me as likewise to finde out the whole truth of this matter he would be pleased to giue way to the opening of the dead corps The which at length being ouercome as well by my earnest suing vnto him as for the great and earnest desire he had to be resolued of the truth of the matter he did willingly yeeld vnto In making the incision we began first with the muscles of the neather bellie discouering such parts as before were hid afterwards ripping vp the peritonaeum we proceeded to the place where the wombe was situate and although we did perceiue it to be but very small and to containe nothing within it yet to the end we might the more clearly see the truth with our eyes we ript it vp also and found it cleane and empty of any thing within it Now in her life time she was of a whitish bleake colour and of a cachecticall disposition and had neuer in all her life time borne any child from whence I did by very probable coniccture collect that she was troubled with some other infirmitie For the which cause we proceed still in our incision towards the stomacke whereas betwixt the peritonaeum and the guts we found good store of water which did according to the motion of the body fall sometimes to the right and sometimes to the left side and from hence arose this erronius opinion of the supposed motion of a liue child This being after this manner finished I spake after this manner My good friend George you see now after what manner your wife proueth with child And he seeing the case so plaine did ingenuously acknowledge that he had wrongfully and vndeseruedly bene offended with me and withall did freely acknowledge his errour Witnesses with me at this incision were Doctor lacobus Walch companion with me in my Italian studies as also Andreas Perlachius a great Mathematician being also the onely man who had so stedfastly maintained that she was with child Now with two instances of mine owne experience I will finish this point A Gentlewoman dwelling neere Northampton some yeares ago sent me her vrine which in euery respect as well in colour as contents resembled the vrine of an healthfull yong man Hauing found out by some circumstances that it was a womans I began to suspect that which afterwards proued true that she was with child The messenger demanding whether she was not entred into a Dropsie I replied I rather enclined to the opinion that she was with child the which proued to be true The