by_o a_o humane_a law_n as_o grotius_n teach_v than_o the_o moral_a law_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n against_o adultery_n or_o theft_n if_o woman_n and_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a mr._n selden_n say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o god_n nec_fw-la vetuit_fw-la nec_fw-la jubebat_fw-la sed_fw-la permisit_fw-la utrumque_fw-la tam_fw-la nempe_fw-la rerum_fw-la communionem_fw-la quam_fw-la privatum_fw-la dominium_fw-la and_o yet_o for_o propriety_n which_o he_o term_v primaeva_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominia_fw-la he_o teach_v that_o adam_n receive_v it_o from_o god_n à _fw-la numine_fw-la acceperat_fw-la and_o for_o community_n he_o say_v we_o meet_v with_o evident_a footstep_n of_o the_o community_n of_o thing_n in_o that_o donation_n of_o god_n by_o which_o noah_n and_o his_o three_o son_n be_v make_v domini_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la thus_o he_o make_v the_o private_a dominion_n of_o adam_n as_o well_o as_o 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be_v void_a be_v make_v by_o any_o owner_n whatsoever_o against_o the_o â—…ules_n of_o parsimony_n in_o both_o these_o time_n the_o right_a of_o rule_v and_o compel_v be_v as_o grotius_n acknowledge_v comprehend_v so_o far_o forth_o as_o child_n be_v to_o be_v compel_v to_o their_o duty_n or_o amend_v although_o the_o power_n of_o a_o parent_n dâ—…th_v so_o follow_v the_o person_n of_o a_o father_n that_o it_o can_v be_v pull_v away_o and_o transfer_v upon_o another_o yet_o the_o father_n may_v natural_o pawn_v or_o also_o sell_v his_o son_n if_o there_o be_v need_n in_o the_o three_o time_n he_o say_v the_o son_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n free_a and_o of_o his_o own_o authority_n always_o that_o duâ—…_n remain_v of_o piety_n and_o observance_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v perpetual_a in_o this_o triple_a distinction_n though_o grotius_n allow_v child_n in_o some_o case_n during_o the_o second_o and_o in_o all_o case_n during_o the_o three_o time_n to_o be_v free_a and_o of_o their_o 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major_a part_n or_o indeed_o any_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o any_o nation_n ever_o assemble_v to_o any_o such_o purpose_n for_o except_v by_o some_o secret_a miraculous_a instinct_n they_o shall_v all_o meet_v at_o one_o time_n and_o place_n what_o one_o man_n or_o company_n of_o man_n less_o than_o the_o whole_a people_n have_v power_n to_o appoint_v either_o time_n or_o place_n of_o election_n where_o all_o be_v alike_o free_a by_o nature_n and_o without_o a_o lawful_a summons_n it_o be_v most_o unjust_a to_o bind_v those_o that_o be_v absent_a the_o whole_a people_n can_v summon_v itself_o one_o man_n be_v sick_a another_o be_v lame_a a_o three_o be_v age_v and_o a_o four_o be_v under_o age_n of_o discretion_n all_o these_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o or_o at_o some_o place_n or_o other_o may_v be_v able_a to_o meet_v if_o they_o may_v choose_v their_o own_o time_n and_o place_n as_o man_n natural_o free_a shall_v in_o assembly_n that_o be_v by_o 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those_o can_v ever_o prove_v they_o have_v right_a or_o just_a title_n either_o by_o nature_n or_o any_o otherwise_o for_o such_o election_n we_o may_v resolve_v upon_o these_o two_o proposition_n 1._o that_o the_o people_n have_v no_o power_n or_o right_v of_o themselves_o to_o choose_v king_n 2._o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o right_a it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o any_o way_n lawful_o to_o exercise_v it_o you_o will_v say_v there_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o right_a in_o somebody_o to_o elect_v in_o case_n a_o king_n die_v without_o a_o heir_n i_o answer_v no_o king_n can_v die_v without_o a_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o one_o man_n live_v in_o the_o world_n it_o may_v be_v the_o heir_n may_v be_v unknown_a to_o the_o people_n but_o that_o be_v no_o fault_n in_o nature_n but_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o those_o who_o it_o concern_v but_o if_o a_o king_n can_v die_v without_o a_o heir_n yet_o the_o kingly_a power_n in_o that_o case_n shall_v not_o escheat_n to_o the_o whole_a people_n but_o to_o the_o supreme_a head_n and_o father_n of_o family_n not_o as_o they_o be_v the_o people_n but_o quatenus_fw-la they_o be_v father_n of_o people_n over_o who_o they_o have_v a_o supreme_a power_n devolve_v unto_o they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o sovereign_a ancestor_n and_o if_o any_o can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o choose_v a_o king_n it_o must_v be_v these_o father_n by_o confer_v their_o distinct_a fatherly_a power_n upon_o one_o man_n alone_o chief_a father_n in_o scripture_n be_v account_v as_o all_o the_o people_n as_o all_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n as_o all_o the_o congregation_n as_o the_o text_n plain_o expound_v itself_o 2_o chr._n 1._o 2._o where_o solomon_n speak_v to_o all_o israel_n that_o be_v to_o the_o captain_n the_o judge_n and_o to_o every_o governor_n the_o chief_z of_o the_o father_n and_o so_o the_o elder_n of_o israel_n be_v expound_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n 1_o king_n 8._o 1._o and_o the_o 2_o chr._n 5._o 2._o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o king_n be_v not_o now_o as_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o plant_v or_o people_n of_o the_o world_n the_o father_n of_o their_o people_n or_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o fatherhood_n have_v lose_v the_o right_a of_o govern_v a_o answer_n be_v that_o all_o king_n that_o now_o be_v or_o ever_o be_v be_v or_o be_v either_o father_n of_o their_o people_n or_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o father_n or_o usurper_n of_o the_o right_n of_o such_o father_n it_o be_v a_o truth_n undeniable_a that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o multitude_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o either_o great_a or_o small_a though_o gather_v together_o from_o the_o several_a corner_n and_o remote_a region_n of_o the_o world_n but_o that_o in_o the_o same_o multitude_n consider_v by_o itself_o there_o be_v one_o man_n among_o they_o that_o in_o nature_n have_v a_o right_a to_o be_v the_o king_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o be_v the_o 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first_o before_o the_o council_n of_o edw._n 4._o after_o that_o before_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o request_n of_o that_o king_n hen._n 7._o and_o then_o last_o before_o the_o council_n of_o the_o say_a king_n 1_o hen._n 7._o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 3._o a_o order_n or_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n council_n and_o it_o be_v plead_v at_o the_o common_a law_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n the_o plaintiff_n attorney_n can_v not_o deny_v it_o and_o thereupon_o the_o judgement_n be_v ideo_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la it_o seem_v in_o those_o day_n a_o order_n of_o the_o king_n council_n be_v either_o parcel_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o above_o it_o also_o we_o may_v find_v the_o judge_n have_v have_v regard_n that_o before_o they_o will_v resolve_v or_o give_v judgement_n in_o new_a case_n they_o consult_v with_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n in_o the_o case_n of_o adam_n brabson_n who_o be_v assault_v by_o r._n w._n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n at_o westminster_n the_o judge_n will_v have_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o king_n council_n for_o in_o a_o like_a case_n because_o r._n c._n do_v strike_v a_o juror_n at_o westminster_n which_o pass_v against_o one_o of_o his_o friend_n it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o all_o the_o council_n that_o his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o his_o land_n and_o good_n forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n green_n and_o thorp_n be_v send_v by_o the_o judge_n to_o the_o king_n council_n to_o demand_v of_o they_o whether_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o 14_o edw._n 3._o 16._o a_o word_n may_v be_v amend_v in_o a_o writ_n and_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o word_n may_v be_v well_o amend_v although_o the_o stat._n speak_v but_o of_o a_o letter_n or_o syllable_n in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n thomas_n ogthred_n who_o bring_v a_o formedon_n against_o a_o poor_a man_n and_o his_o wife_n they_o come_v and_o yield_v to_o the_o demandant_n which_o seem_v suspicious_a to_o the_o court_n whereupon_o judgement_n be_v stay_v and_o thorp_n say_v that_o in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o giles_n blacket_n it_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o parliament_n and_o we_o be_v command_v that_o when_o any_o like_a shall_v come_v we_o shall_v not_o go_v to_o judgement_n without_o good_a advice_n therefore_o the_o judge_n conclusion_n be_v sue_v a_o counseil_fw-fr &_o comment_v ill_n voilent_a que_fw-fr nous_fw-fr devomus_fw-la fair_a nous_fw-fr volume_n fair_a &_o autrement_fw-fr nient_a en_fw-fr oest_fw-mi case_n sue_v to_o the_o council_n and_o as_o they_o will_v have_v we_o to_o do_v we_o will_v do_v and_o otherwise_o not_o in_o this_o case_n 39_o edw._n 3._o thus_o we_o see_v the_o judge_n themselves_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o king_n council_n and_o yet_o the_o opinion_n of_o judge_n have_v guide_v the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n in_o point_n of_o law_n all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n baron_n of_o exchequer_n of_o the_o quoif_n the_o king_n learned_a council_n and_o the_o civilian_n master_n of_o chancery_n be_v call_v temporal_a assistant_n by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n and_o though_o he_o deny_v they_o voice_n in_o parliament_n yet_o lie_n confess_v that_o by_o their_o writ_n they_o have_v power_n both_o to_o treat_v and_o to_o give_v council_n i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v any_o other_o power_n by_o their_o writ_n the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n write_v be_v that_o you_o be_v present_a with_o we_o the_o prelate_n great_a man_n and_o peer_n to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o counsel_n the_o word_n of_o the_o judge_n write_v be_v that_o you_o be_v present_a with_o we_o and_o other_o of_o the_o counsel_n and_o sometime_o with_o we_o only_o to_o treat_v and_o give_v your_o counsel_n the_o judge_n usual_o join_v in_o committee_n with_o the_o lord_n in_o all_o parliament_n even_o in_o queen_n eliz._n reign_n until_o her_o 39th_o year_n and_o then_o upon_o the_o seven_o of_o november_n the_o judge_n be_v appoint_v to_o attend_v the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o the_o judge_n have_v liberty_n in_o the_o upper_a house_n itself_o upon_o leave_v give_v they_o by_o the_o l._n keeper_n to_o cover_v themselves_o now_o at_o committee_n they_o sit_v always_o uncover_v the_o power_n of_o judge_n in_o parliament_n be_v best_a understand_v if_o we_o consider_v how_o the_o judicial_a power_n of_o peer_n have_v be_v exercise_v in_o matter_n of_o judicature_n we_o may_v find_v it_o have_v be_v the_o practice_n that_o though_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n give_v judgement_n in_o point_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v and_o regulate_v by_o the_o king_n judge_n who_o be_v best_a able_a to_o give_v direction_n in_o the_o difficult_a point_n of_o the_o law_n which_o ordinary_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o error_n be_v commit_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n which_o be_v the_o high_a ordinary_a court_n of_o common_a law_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o error_n must_v be_v redress_v in_o parliament_n and_o the_o manner_n be_v say_v the_o lord_n chancellor_n egerton_n if_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v sue_v in_o parl._n upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o high_a house_n alone_o without_o the_o commons_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o error_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o for_o their_o judgement_n therein_o they_o be_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v to_o inform_v they_o what_o the_o law_n be_v and_o to_o direct_v they_o in_o their_o judgement_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o own_o discretion_n or_o opinion_n otherwise_o 28_o hen._n 6._o the_o commons_o make_v suit_n that_o w._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr pool_n d._n of_o suffolk_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n for_o many_o treason_n and_o other_o crime_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o high_a house_n be_v doubtful_a what_o answer_v to_o give_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n be_v demand_v their_o opinion_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v commit_v for_o that_o the_o commons_o do_v not_o charge_v he_o with_o any_o particular_a offence_n but_o with_o general_a report_n and_o slander_n this_o opinion_n be_v allow_v 31._o hen._n 6._o a_o parliament_n be_v prorogue_v in_o the_o vacation_n the_o speaker_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o be_v condemn_v in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n damage_n in_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n and_o commit_v to_o prison_n in_o execution_n for_o the_o same_o when_o the_o parliament_n be_v reassembled_a the_o commons_o make_v suit_n to_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n to_o have_v their_o speaker_n deliver_v the_o lord_n demand_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o judge_n whether_o he_o may_v be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n upon_o the_o judge_n answer_v it_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o speaker_n shall_v remain_v iâ—…_n prison_n according_a to_o the_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o that_o he_o be_v speaker_n which_o resolution_n be_v declare_v to_o the_o commons_o by_o moyâ—…_n the_o king_n sergeant_n at_o law_n and_o the_o commons_o be_v command_v in_o the_o king_n name_n by_o the_o bishop_n 〈◊〉_d lincoln_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n then_z chancellor_z to_o choose_v another_o speaker_n 7_o hen._n 8._o a_o question_n be_v move_v in_o parliament_n whether_o spiritual_a person_n may_v be_v convent_v before_o temporal_a judge_n for_o criminal_a cause_n there_o sir_n john_n fineux_n and_o the_o other_o judge_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o they_o may_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o their_o opinion_n allow_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o dr._n standish_n who_o before_o have_v hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n wâ—…_n deliver_v from_o the_o bishop_n i_o find_v it_o affirm_v that_o in_o cause_n which_o receive_v determination_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v 〈◊〉_d vote_n at_o all_o no_o more_o than_o in_o other_o court_n of_o ministerial_a jurisdiction_n true_a it_o be_v the_o king_n have_v no_o vote_n at_o all_o if_o we_o understand_v by_o vote_n a_o voice_n among_o other_o for_o he_o have_v no_o partner_n with_o he_o in_o give_v judgement_n but_o if_o by_o no_o vote_n be_v mean_v he_o have_v no_o power_n to_o judge_v we_o dispoil_v he_o of_o his_o sovereignty_n it_o be_v the_o chief_a mark_n of_o supremacy_n to_o judge_v in_o the_o high_a cause_n and_o last_o appeal_n this_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n full_a well_o understand_v when_o they_o petition_v for_o a_o king_n to_o judge_v they_o if_o the_o dernier_fw-fr resoâ—…_n be_v to_o the_o lord_n alone_o than_o they_o have_v the_o supremacy_n but_o as_o moses_n by_o choose_v elder_n to_o judge_v in_o small_a cause_n do_v
commons_o may_v be_v unjust_a so_o that_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o themselves_o may_v be_v the_o judge_n of_o what_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a but_o where_o a_o king_n by_o oath_n bind_v his_o conscience_n to_o protect_v just_a law_n it_o concern_v he_o to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o his_o own_o conscience_n that_o they_o be_v just_a and_o not_o by_o a_o implicit_a faith_n or_o blind_a obedience_n no_o man_n can_v be_v so_o proper_a a_o judge_n of_o the_o justness_n of_o law_n as_o he_o who_o soul_n must_v lie_v at_o the_o stake_n for_o the_o defence_n and_o safeguard_v of_o they_o beside_o in_o this_o very_a oath_n the_o king_n do_v swear_v to_o do_v equal_a and_o right_a justice_n and_o discretion_n in_o mercy_n and_o truth_n in_o all_o his_o judgement_n facies_fw-la fieri_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la judiciis_fw-la tuis_fw-la aequam_fw-la &_o rectam_fw-la justitiam_fw-la &_o discretionem_fw-la in_o misericordia_fw-la &_o veritate_fw-la if_o we_o allow_v the_o king_n discretion_n and_o mercy_n in_o his_o judgement_n of_o necessity_n he_o must_v judge_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o law_n again_o the_o clause_n of_o the_o oath_n quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la do_v not_o mention_v the_o assent_v unto_o or_o grant_v any_o new_a law_n but_o of_o hold_v protect_a and_o strengthen_v with_o all_o his_o may_v the_o just_a law_n that_o be_v already_o in_o be_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o may_v or_o strength_n if_o assent_v to_o new_a law_n be_v there_o mean_v some_o may_v wonder_v why_o there_o shall_v be_v such_o labour_v to_o deny_v the_o king_n a_o negative_a voice_n since_o a_o negative_a voice_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o poor_a a_o thing_n that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v all_o the_o negative_a voice_n in_o the_o kingdom_n â—…t_o will_v not_o make_v he_o a_o king_n nor_o give_v he_o power_n to_o make_v one_o law_n a_o negative_a voice_n be_v but_o a_o â—…ivative_a power_n that_o be_v no_o power_n at_o all_o to_o do_v or_o act_v any_o thing_n but_o a_o power_n only_o to_o hinder_v the_o power_n of_o another_o negative_n be_v of_o such_o a_o malignant_a or_o destructive_a nature_n that_o if_o they_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o destroy_v they_o will_v when_o they_o meet_v destroy_v one_o another_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o two_o negative_n make_v a_o affirmative_a by_o destroy_v the_o negation_n which_o do_v hinder_v the_o affirmation_n a_o king_n with_o a_o negative_a voice_n only_o be_v but_o like_o a_o syllogism_n of_o pure_a negative_a proposition_n which_o can_v conclude_v nothing_o it_o must_v be_v a_o affirmative_a voice_n that_o make_v both_o a_o king_n and_o a_o law_n and_o without_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o imaginable_a government_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a why_o the_o king_n negative_a voice_n be_v so_o eager_o oppose_v for_o though_o it_o give_v the_o king_n no_o power_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n yet_o it_o give_v he_o a_o power_n to_o hinder_v other_o though_o it_o can_v make_v he_o a_o king_n yet_o it_o can_v help_v he_o to_o keep_v other_o from_o be_v king_n for_o conclusion_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o the_o negative_a voice_n of_o the_o king_n i_o shall_v oppose_v the_o judgement_n of_o a_o chief_a justice_n of_o england_n to_o the_o opinion_n of_o he_o that_o call_v himself_o a_o utter_a barister_fw-mi of_o lincoln_n inn_n and_o let_v other_o judge_v who_o be_v the_o better_a lawyer_n of_o the_o two_o the_o word_n be_v bracton_n but_o concern_v mr._n pryn_n to_o lay_v they_o to_o heart_n concern_v the_o charter_n and_o deed_n of_o king_n the_o justice_n nor_o private_a man_n neither_o aught_o nor_o can_v dispute_v nor_o yet_o if_o there_o rise_v a_o doubt_n in_o the_o king_n charter_n can_v they_o interpret_v it_o and_o in_o doubtful_a and_o obscure_a point_n or_o if_o a_o word_n contain_v two_o sense_n the_o interpretation_n and_o will_v of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v see_v it_o be_v his_o part_n to_o interpret_v who_o make_v the_o charter_n full_a well_o mr._n pryn_n know_v that_o when_o bracton_n write_v the_o law_n that_o be_v then_o make_v and_o strive_v for_o be_v call_v the_o king_n charter_n as_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la charta_fw-la de_fw-fr foresta_n and_o other_o so_o that_o in_o bracton_n judgement_n the_o king_n have_v not_o only_o a_o negative_a voice_n to_o hinder_v but_o a_o affirmative_a to_o make_v a_o law_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o master_n pryn_n will_v allow_v he_o not_o only_o the_o lawmaker_n but_o also_o the_o sole_a judge_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o king_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o bracton_n these_o be_v his_o word_n rex_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alius_fw-la debet_fw-la judicare_fw-la si_fw-la solus_fw-la ad_fw-la id_fw-la sufficere_fw-la possit_fw-la the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o ought_v to_o judge_v if_o he_o alone_o be_v able_a much_o like_o the_o word_n of_o bracton_n speak_v briton_n where_o after_o that_o he_o have_v show_v that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o viceroy_n of_o god_n and_o that_o he_o have_v distribute_v his_o charge_n into_o sundry_a portion_n because_o he_o alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o hear_v all_o complaint_n of_o his_o people_n than_o he_o add_v these_o word_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n nous_fw-fr volon_n que_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr jurisdiction_n soit_fw-fr sur_fw-fr tout_fw-fr jurisdiction_n etc._n etc._n we_o will_v that_o our_o jurisdiction_n be_v above_o all_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o our_o realm_n so_o as_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o felony_n trespass_n contract_n and_o in_o all_o other_o action_n personal_a or_o real_a we_o have_v power_n to_o yield_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v yield_v such_o judgement_n as_o do_v appertain_v without_o other_o process_n wheresoever_o we_o know_v the_o right_a truth_n as_o judge_n neither_o be_v this_o to_o be_v take_v say_v mr._n lambard_n to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o king_n bench_n where_o there_o be_v only_o a_o imaginary_a presence_n of_o his_o person_n but_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o jurisdiction_n remain_v and_o leave_v in_o the_o king_n be_v royal_a body_n and_o breast_n distinct_a from_o that_o of_o his_o bench_n and_o other_o ordinary_a court_n because_o he_o do_v immediate_o after_o several_o set_v forth_o by_o themselves_o as_o well_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n as_o of_o the_o other_o court_n and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new-made_a law_n mr._n lamâ—…d_n put_v we_o in_o mind_n of_o a_o saxon_a law_n of_o king_n edgar_n nemo_n in_o light_fw-la regem_fw-la appellato_fw-la etc._n etc._n let_v no_o man_n iâ—…_n suit_n appeal_n unto_o the_o king_n unless_o he_o can_v get_v right_o aâ—…_n home_o but_o if_o that_o right_o be_v too_o heavy_a for_o he_o than_o lâ—…_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n to_o have_v it_o ease_v by_o which_o iâ—…_n may_v evident_o appear_v that_o even_o so_o many_o year_n agâ—…_n there_o may_v be_v appellation_n make_v to_o the_o king_n persae_n whensoever_o the_o cause_n shall_v enforce_v it_o the_o very_a like_o law_n in_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n the_o dane_n sometime_o king_n of_o thâ—…_n realm_n out_o of_o which_o law_n master_n lambard_n gatheâ—…_n that_o the_o king_n himself_o have_v a_o high_a court_n of_o justia_n wherein_o it_o seem_v he_o sit_v in_o person_n for_o the_o word_n bâ—…_n let_v he_o not_o seek_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o same_o court_n â—…_n the_o king_n do_v judge_v not_o only_o according_a to_o meeâ—…_n right_o and_o law_n but_o also_o after_o equity_n and_o gooâ—…_n conscience_n for_o the_o close_a i_o shall_v end_v with_o the_o suffrage_n â—…_n our_o late_a antiquary_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossary_n he_o say_v omnis_fw-la regni_fw-la justitia_fw-la solius_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v only_o the_o king_n be_v and_o hâ—…_n alone_o if_o he_o be_v able_a shall_v administer_v it_o but_o thâ—…_n be_v impossible_a he_o be_v force_v to_o delegate_v it_o to_o minister_n who_o he_o bound_v by_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o law_n the_o positive_a law_n be_v only_o about_o general_n in_o particular_a case_n they_o be_v sometime_o too_o strict_a sometime_o too_o remisâ—…_n and_o so_o oft_o wrong_v instead_o of_o right_o will_v be_v do_v if_o wâ—…_n stand_v to_o strict_a law_n also_o cause_n hard_a and_o difficult_a dâ—…ly_n arise_v which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o no_o law-book_n â—…_n those_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o run_v back_o to_o the_o king_n tâ—…_n fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o vicegerent_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o jew_n take_v such_o cause_n to_o his_o own_o cognisance_n and_o leave_v to_o king_n not_o only_o the_o example_n of_o such_o jurisdiction_n but_o the_o prerogative_n also_o of_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n what_o need_v all_o this_o ado_n will_v some_o say_v to_o
obligation_n one_o to_o another_o as_o mr._n hobs_n word_n be_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 8._o sect_n 3._o the_o scripture_n teach_v we_o otherwise_o that_o all_o man_n come_v by_o succession_n and_o generation_n from_o one_o man_n we_o must_v not_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o creation_n iv._o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o god_n will_v create_v man_n in_o a_o condition_n worse_o than_o any_o beast_n as_o if_o he_o make_v man_n to_o no_o other_o end_n by_o nature_n but_o to_o destroy_v one_o another_o a_o right_n for_o the_o father_n to_o destroy_v or_o eat_v his_o child_n and_o for_o child_n to_o do_v the_o like_a by_o their_o parent_n be_v worse_a than_o cannibal_n 10._o this_o horrid_a condition_n of_o pure_a nature_n when_o mr._n hobbs_n be_v charge_v with_o his_o refuge_n be_v to_o answer_v that_o no_o son_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o this_o state_n of_o pure_a nature_n which_o be_v all_o one_o with_o deny_v his_o own_o principle_n for_o if_o man_n be_v not_o freeborn_a it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o he_o to_o assign_v and_o prove_v any_o other_o time_n for_o they_o to_o claim_v a_o right_n of_o nature_n to_o liberty_n if_o not_o at_o their_o birth_n v._o but_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v which_o be_v yet_o most_o false_a that_o a_o company_n of_o man_n be_v at_o first_o without_o a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_o i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o such_o a_o condition_n must_v be_v call_v a_o state_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o man_n indeed_o if_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v create_v as_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o well_o nourish_v there_o may_v be_v cause_n for_o man_n to_o destroy_v one_o another_o rather_o than_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o food_n but_o god_n be_v no_o such_o niggard_n in_o the_o creation_n and_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o sustenance_n and_o room_n for_o all_o man_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n or_o use_v of_o war_n till_o man_n be_v hinder_v in_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o war_n in_o the_o state_n of_o pure_a nature_n it_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n for_o every_o man_n to_o live_v in_o peace_n that_o so_o he_o may_v tend_v the_o preservation_n of_o his_o life_n which_o whilst_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n he_o can_v do_v war_n of_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v war_n preserve_v no_o man_n life_n it_o only_o help_v we_o to_o preserve_v and_o obtain_v the_o mean_n to_o live_v if_o every_o man_n tend_v the_o right_n of_o preserve_a life_n which_o may_v be_v do_v in_o peace_n there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o war._n vi_o but_o admit_v the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o state_n of_o war_n let_v we_o see_v what_o help_n mr._n hobbs_n have_v for_o it_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n of_o he_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o rule_n find_v out_o by_o reason_n i_o do_v think_v it_o be_v give_v by_o god_n pag._n 64._o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v destructive_a to_o his_o life_n and_o to_o omit_v that_o by_o which_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v best_a preserve_v if_o the_o right_a of_o nature_n be_v a_o liberty_n for_o a_o man_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o preserve_v his_o life_n then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nature_n must_v teach_v he_o that_o life_n be_v to_o be_v preserve_v and_o so_o consequent_o forbid_v to_o do_v that_o which_o may_v destroy_v or_o take_v away_o the_o mean_n of_o life_n or_o to_o omit_v that_o by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v preserve_v and_o thus_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v be_v all_o one_o for_o i_o think_v mr._n hobbs_n will_v not_o say_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o liberty_n for_o man_n to_o destroy_v his_o own_o life_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v better_o have_v be_v say_v to_o consist_v in_o a_o command_n to_o preserve_v or_o not_o to_o omit_v the_o mean_n of_o preserve_a life_n than_o in_o a_o prohibition_n to_o destroy_v or_o to_o omit_v it_o vii_o another_o principle_n i_o meet_v with_o pag._n 65._o if_o other_o man_n will_v not_o lay_v down_o their_o right_n as_o well_o as_o he_o than_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n for_o any_o to_o divest_v himself_o of_o his_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n do_v not_o agree_v no_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v establish_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n impossible_a for_o all_o the_o man_n in_o the_o world_n every_o man_n with_o every_o man_n to_o covenant_n to_o lay_v down_o their_o right_n nay_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o small_a kingdom_n though_o all_o man_n shall_v spend_v their_o whole_a life_n in_o nothing_o else_o but_o in_o run_v up_o and_o down_o to_o covenant_n viii_o right_o may_v be_v lay_v aside_o but_o not_o transfer_v for_o pag._n 65._o he_o that_o renounce_v or_o pass_v away_o his_o right_n give_v not_o to_o any_o other_o man_n a_o right_n which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o and_o reserve_v a_o right_a in_o himself_o against_o all_o those_o with_o who_o he_o do_v not_o covenant_n ix_o pag._n 87._o the_o only_a way_n to_o erect_v a_o common_a power_n or_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v for_o man_n to_o confer_v all_o their_o power_n and_o strength_n upon_o one_o man_n or_o one_o assembly_n of_o man_n that_o may_v reduce_v all_o their_o will_n by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n to_o one_o will_n which_o be_v to_o appoint_v one_o man_n or_o a_o assembly_n of_o man_n to_o bear_v their_o person_n to_o submit_v their_o will_n to_o his_o will_n this_o be_v a_o real_a unity_n of_o they_o all_o in_o one_o person_n make_v by_o covenant_n of_o every_o man_n with_o every_o man_n as_o if_o every_o man_n shall_v say_v to_o every_o man_n i_o authorise_v and_o give_v up_o my_o right_n of_o govern_v myself_o to_o this_o man_n or_o this_o assembly_n of_o man_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o thou_o give_v up_o thy_o right_n to_o he_o and_o authorise_v all_o his_o action_n this_o do_v the_o multitude_n so_o unite_v in_o one_o person_n be_v call_v a_o commonwealth_n to_o authorise_v and_o give_v up_o his_o right_n of_o govern_v himself_o to_o confer_v all_o his_o power_n and_o strength_n and_o to_o submit_v his_o will_n to_o another_o be_v to_o lay_v down_o his_o right_n of_o resist_v for_o if_o right_a of_o nature_n be_v a_o liberty_n to_o use_v power_n for_o preservation_n of_o life_n lay_v down_o of_o that_o power_n must_v be_v a_o relinquish_a of_o power_n to_o preserve_v or_o defend_v life_n otherwise_o a_o man_n relinquish_v nothing_o to_o reduce_v all_o the_o will_n of_o a_o assembly_n by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n to_o one_o will_n be_v not_o a_o proper_a speech_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o plurality_n but_o a_o totality_n of_o voice_n which_o make_v a_o assembly_n be_v of_o one_o will_n otherwise_o it_o be_v but_o the_o one_o will_v of_o a_o major_a part_n of_o the_o assembly_n the_o negative_a voice_n of_o any_o one_o hinder_v the_o be_v of_o the_o one_o will_v of_o the_o assembly_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o destructive_a to_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o lawful_a assembly_n than_o to_o allow_v a_o major_a part_n to_o prevail_v when_o the_o whole_a only_o have_v right_o for_o a_o man_n to_o give_v up_o his_o right_n to_o one_o that_o never_o covenant_n to_o protect_v be_v a_o great_a folly_n since_o it_o be_v neither_o in_o consideration_n of_o some_o right_n reciprocal_o transfer_v to_o himself_o nor_o can_v he_o hope_v for_o any_o other_o good_a by_o stand_v out_o of_o the_o way_n that_o the_o other_o may_v enjoy_v his_o own_o original_n right_o without_o hindrance_n from_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o much_o diminution_n of_o impediment_n pag._n 66._o x._o the_o liberty_n say_v mr._n hobbs_n whereof_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a and_o honourable_a mention_n in_o the_o history_n and_o philosophy_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n and_o in_o the_o write_n and_o discourse_n of_o those_o that_o from_o they_o have_v receive_v all_o their_o learning_n in_o the_o politic_n be_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o particular_a man_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whether_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v monarchical_a or_o popular_a the_o freedom_n be_v still_o the_o same_o here_o i_o find_v mr._n hobbs_n be_v much_o mistake_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o athenian_n and_o roman_n be_v a_o liberty_n only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o popular_a estate_n and_o not_o in_o monarchy_n this_o be_v clear_a by_o aristotle_n who_o call_v a_o city_n a_o community_n of_o freeman_n mean_v every_o particular_a citizen_n to_o be_v free_a not_o that_o every_o particular_a man_n have_v
do_v at_o the_o fire_n here_o we_o see_v the_o picture_n of_o wax_n roast_v by_o the_o witch_n have_v no_o virtue_n in_o the_o murder_v but_o the_o devil_n only_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o it_o be_v due_o prove_v that_o the_o party_n murder_v be_v murder_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o bely_v the_o devil_n and_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v prove_v if_o it_o be_v subtile_o do_v as_o a_o spirit_n 5._o our_o definer_n of_o witchcraft_n dispute_v much_o whether_o the_o devil_n can_v work_v a_o miracle_n they_o resolve_v he_o can_v do_v a_o wonder_n but_o not_o a_o miracle_n mirum_fw-la but_o not_o miraculum_fw-la a_o miracle_n say_v mr._n perkins_n be_v that_o which_o be_v above_o or_o against_o nature_n simple_o a_o wonder_n be_v that_o which_o proceed_v not_o from_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n delrio_n will_v have_v a_o miracle_n to_o be_v praeter_fw-la or_o supra_fw-la naturae_fw-la creatae_fw-la vires_fw-la both_o seem_v to_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o he_o have_v need_n be_v a_o admirable_a or_o profound_a philosopher_n that_o can_v distinguish_v between_o a_o wonder_n and_o a_o miracle_n it_o will_v pose_v aristotle_n himself_o to_o tell_v we_o every_o thing_n that_o can_v be_v do_v by_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o thing_n can_v for_o there_o be_v daily_o many_o thing_n find_v out_o and_o daily_o more_o may_v be_v which_o our_o forefather_n never_o know_v to_o be_v possible_a in_o nature_n those_o that_o be_v convert_v by_o the_o miracle_n of_o our_o saviour_n never_o stay_v to_o inquire_v of_o their_o philosopher_n what_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n be_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o they_o when_o they_o see_v thing_n do_v the_o like_a whereof_o they_o have_v neither_o see_v nor_o hear_v of_o to_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v miracle_n 6._o it_o be_v common_o believe_v and_o affirm_v by_o mr._n perkins_n that_o the_o cause_n which_o move_v the_o devil_n to_o bargain_n with_o a_o witch_n be_v a_o desire_n to_o obtain_v thereby_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n of_o the_o witch_n but_o i_o can_v see_v how_o this_o can_v agree_v with_o another_o doctrine_n of_o he_o where_o he_o say_v the_o precept_n of_o witchcraft_n be_v not_o deliver_v indifferent_o to_o every_o man_n but_o to_o his_o own_o subject_n the_o wicked_a and_o not_o to_o they_o all_o but_o to_o special_a and_o try_a one_o who_o he_o most_o betru_v with_o his_o secret_n as_o be_v the_o fit_a to_o to_o serve_v his_o turn_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o willingness_n to_o learn_v and_o practice_v as_o also_o for_o their_o ability_n to_o become_v instrument_n of_o the_o mischief_n he_o intend_v to_o other_o all_o this_o argue_v the_o end_n of_o the_o devil_n rule_v of_o witchcraft_n be_v not_o to_o gain_v novice_n for_o new_a subject_n but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o old_a one_o to_o serve_v his_o turn_n 7._o the_o last_o clause_n of_o mr._n perkins_n definition_n be_v that_o witchcraft_n do_v work_v wonder_n so_o far_o as_o god_n shall_v permit_v i_o shall_v here_o desire_v to_o have_v know_v whether_o mr._n perkins_n have_v think_v that_o god_n do_v permit_v far_a power_n to_o the_o devil_n upon_o his_o contract_n with_o the_o witch_n than_o he_o have_v before_o the_o contract_n for_o if_o the_o devil_n have_v the_o same_o permission_n before_o the_o contract_n than_o he_o do_v no_o more_o mischief_n upon_o the_o contract_n than_o he_o will_v have_v glad_o do_v before_o see_v as_o mr._n perkins_n say_v the_o devil_n malice_n towards_o all_o man_n be_v of_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n that_o he_o can_v endure_v they_o 7._o shall_v enjoy_v the_o world_n or_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o life_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a so_o much_o as_o one_o hour_n but_o yet_o afterward_o i_o find_v master_n perkins_n be_v more_o favourable_a to_o the_o devil_n where_o he_o write_v that_o if_o the_o devil_n be_v not_o stir_v up_o and_o provoke_v by_o the_o witch_n he_o will_v never_o do_v so_o much_o hurt_v as_o he_o do_v of_o the_o discern_v and_o discovery_n of_o a_o witch_n a_o magistrate_n say_v mr._n perkins_n may_v not_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o examine_v who_o 1_o and_o how_o he_o will_v of_o any_o crime_n nor_o to_o proceed_v upon_o slight_a cause_n or_o to_o show_v his_o authority_n or_o upon_o sinister_a respect_n or_o to_o revenge_v his_o malice_n or_o to_o bring_v party_n into_o danger_n and_o suspicion_n but_o he_o must_v proceed_v upon_o special_a presumption_n he_o call_v those_o presumption_n which_o do_v at_o 2._o least_o probable_o and_o conjectural_o note_v one_o to_o be_v a_o witch_n and_o be_v certain_a sign_n whereby_o the_o witch_n may_v be_v discover_v i_o can_v but_o wonder_v that_o mr._n perkins_n shall_v say_v that_o presumption_n do_v at_o least_o probable_o and_o conjectural_o note_v and_o be_v certain_a sign_n to_o discover_v a_o witch_n when_o he_o confess_v that_o though_o presumption_n give_v occasion_n to_o examine_v yet_o they_o be_v no_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o conviction_n and_o though_o presumption_n be_v never_o so_o strong_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o proof_n sufficient_a for_o conviction_n but_o only_o for_o examination_n therefore_o no_o credit_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o those_o presumption_n he_o reckon_v up_o 1._o for_o common_a fame_n it_o fall_v out_o many_o time_n say_v he_o that_o the_o innocent_a may_v be_v suspect_v and_o some_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n notorious_o defame_v 2._o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o fellow-witch_n he_o confess_v do_v not_o probable_o note_v one_o to_o be_v a_o witch_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o his_o three_o and_o four_o presumption_n if_o after_o curse_v or_o quarrel_v or_o threaten_v there_o follow_v present_a mischief_n and_o the_o five_o presumption_n be_v more_o frivolous_a which_o be_v if_o the_o party_n be_v the_o son_n or_o daughter_n or_o servant_n or_o friend_n near_o neighbour_n or_o old_a companion_n of_o a_o witch_n the_o six_o presumption_n mr._n perkins_n dare_v not_o or_o be_v loath_a to_o own_o but_o say_v some_o add_v if_o the_o party_n suspect_v have_v the_o devil_n mark_v and_o yet_o be_v resolve_n if_o such_o a_o mark_n be_v descry_v whereof_o no_o evident_a reason_n in_o nature_n can_v be_v give_v the_o magistrate_n may_v cause_v such_o to_o be_v examine_v or_o take_v the_o matter_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o the_o truth_n may_v appear_v but_o he_o do_v not_o teach_v how_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v the_o last_o presumption_n he_o name_v be_v if_o the_o party_n examine_v be_v unconstant_a or_o contrary_a to_o himself_o here_o he_o confess_v a_o good_a man_n may_v be_v fearful_a in_o a_o good_a cause_n sometime_o by_o nature_n sometime_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o audience_n some_o may_v be_v sudden_o take_v and_o other_o want_v that_o liberty_n of_o speech_n which_o other_o man_n have_v touch_v examination_n mr._n perkins_n name_v two_o kind_n of_o proceed_n either_o by_o simple_a question_n or_o by_o torture_n torture_n when_o beside_o the_o enquiry_n by_o word_n the_o magistrate_n use_v the_o rack_n or_o some_o other_o violent_a mean_n to_o urge_v confession_n this_o he_o say_v may_v be_v lawful_o use_v howbeit_o not_o in_o every_o case_n but_o only_o upon_o strong_a and_o great_a presumption_n and_o when_o the_o party_n be_v obstinate_a here_o it_o may_v be_v note_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o person_n but_o the_o judge_n only_o to_o allow_v torture_n suspicious_a neighbour_n may_v not_o of_o their_o own_o head_n use_v either_o threat_n terror_n or_o torture_n i_o know_v not_o any_o one_o of_o those_o presumption_n before-cited_n to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o warrant_v a_o magistrate_n to_o use_v torture_n or_o whether_o when_o the_o party_n constant_o deny_v the_o fact_n it_o must_v be_v count_v obstinacy_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n sometime_o when_o the_o main_a fact_n have_v be_v either_o confess_v or_o by_o some_o infallible_a proof_n manifest_v the_o magistrate_n for_o a_o far_a discovery_n of_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o time_n the_o place_n and_o the_o person_n or_o the_o like_a have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o rack_n and_o yet_o that_o kind_n of_o torture_n have_v not_o be_v of_o ancient_a usage_n in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o if_o my_o memory_n fail_v not_o i_o have_v read_v that_o the_o rack_n have_v be_v call_v the_o duke_n of_o exeters_n daughter_n and_o be_v first_o use_v about_o hen._n 6._o day_n from_o presumption_n mr._n perkins_n proceed_v to_o proof_n of_o a_o witch_n and_o here_o he_o have_v a_o neat_a distinction_n of_o proof_n less_o sufficient_a or_o more_o sufficient_a by_o less_o sufficient_a he_o mean_v insufficient_a but_o give_v they_o this_o mild_a and_o strange_a phrase_n