bench_n so_o call_v because_o ancient_o the_o king_n sometime_o there_o sit_v in_o person_n on_o a_o high_a bench_n and_o his_o judge_n on_o a_o low_a bench_n at_o his_o foot_n to_o who_o the_o judicature_n belong_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o king_n in_o this_o court_n be_v handle_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n all_o thing_n that_o concern_v loss_n of_o life_n or_o member_n of_o any_o subject_a for_o then_o the_o king_n be_v concern_v because_o the_o life_n and_o limb_n of_o the_o subject_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o plea_n here_o be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o subject_a here_o be_v also_o handle_v all_o treason_n felony_n breach_n of_o peace_n oppression_n misgovernment_n etc._n etc._n this_o court_n moreover_o have_v power_n to_o examine_v and_o correct_v all_o error_n in_o facto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la jure_fw-la of_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o justice_n of_o england_n in_o their_o judgement_n and_o proceed_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o plea_n 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the_o protonotary_n all_o the_o record_n of_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la call_v postea's_n he_o hold_v his_o place_n by_o patent_n from_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o the_o second_o protonotary_n place_n and_o of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o juries·_n sir_n joseph_n ash_n have_v this_o office_n and_o do_v execute_v it_o by_o his_o deputy_n thursby_n esquire_n there_o be_v three_o protonotary_n a_o word_n compound_v of_o greek_a and_o latin_a which_o with_o the_o ancient_n be_v usual_a and_o signify_v the_o first_o notary_n they_o be_v chief_a clerk_n of_o this_o court_n and_o by_o their_o office_n be_v to_o enter_v and_o enrol_v all_o declaration_n plead_n which_o the_o filazer_n do_v former_o promiscuous_o do_v assize_n judgement_n and_o action_n to_o make_v out_o judicial_a writ_n etc._n etc._n these_o considerable_a office_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o thomas_n robinson_n alan_n lockhart_n and_o humphrey_n wirley_n esquire_n the_o chirographer_n also_o from_o two_o greek_a word_n signify_v to_o acknowledge_v a_o debt_n by_o set_v one_o
be_v as_o the_o die_v nefâ—sti_n wherein_o the_o court_n sit_v not_o so_o that_o in_o one_o four_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o in_o one_o city_n all_o considerable_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o england_n be_v full_o decide_v and_o determine_v whereas_o in_o foreign_a part_n the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v open_v all_o the_o year_n except_o high_a holiday_n and_o harvest_n and_o that_o in_o all_o great_a city_n this_o may_v seem_v therefore_o strange_a to_o all_o foreigner_n till_o they_o know_v that_o the_o english_a have_v always_o be_v give_v more_o to_o peaceableness_n and_o industry_n than_o other_o people_n and_o that_o rather_o than_o go_v so_o far_o as_o london_n and_o be_v at_o so_o great_a charge_n with_o attourneye_n and_o lawyer_n they_o will_v either_o refer_v their_o difference_n to_o the_o arbitration_n of_o their_o parish_n priest_n who_o do_v or_o aught_o to_o think_v it_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o reconcile_v difference_n 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chief_a or_o shire_n town_n where_o the_o grand_a enquest_n or_o jury_n of_o the_o county_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v who_o upon_o oath_n be_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o traitor_n heretic_n thief_n murderer_n money-coiner_n riot_n &c_n &c_n those_o that_o appear_v to_o be_v guilty_a be_v by_o the_o say_a justice_n commit_v to_o prison_n to_o be_v try_v at_o the_o next_o assize_n when_o the_o judge_n of_o westminster_n come_v their_o circuit_n aforemention_v for_o execution_n of_o law_n in_o every_o county_n except_o westmoreland_n and_o durham_n the_o king_n every_o michaelmas_n term_n nominate_v for_o each_o county_n a_o sheriff_n that_o be_v a_o reeve_n of_o the_o shire_n praepositus_fw-la or_o praefectus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la a_o governor_n or_o guardian_n of_o the_o county_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o patent_n be_v commisimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la custodiam_fw-la commitatus_fw-la nostri_fw-la de_fw-la n._n the_o sheriff_n office_n be_v to_o execute_v the_o king_n mandate_n and_o all_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n to_o empannel_v jury_n to_o bring_v cause_n and_o criminal_n to_o trial_n to_o see_v the_o sentence_n both_o in_o civil_a and_o criminal_a affair_n execute_v to_o wait_v on_o and_o guard_v the_o itenerant_a judge_n twice_o a_o year_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v within_o the_o county_n which_o at_o the_o assize_n be_v perform_v with_o great_a pomp_n splendour_n feast_v &c_n &c_n in_o order_n to_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n the_o sheriff_n have_v attendant_a his_o under-sheriff_n divers_a clerk_n steward_n of_o court_n bailiff_n of_o hundred_o constable_n gaoler_n sergeant_n or_o beedles_n beside_o a_o gallant_a train_n of_o servant_n in_o rich_a livery_n all_o on_o horseback_n at_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o judge_n he_o be_v ancient_o choose_v as_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n but_o to_o avoid_v tumult_n it_o be_v now_o thus_o every_o year_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n the_o judge_n itinerant_a nominate_v six_o fit_a man_n of_o each_o county_n that_o be_v kts._n or_o esquire_n of_o good_a estate_n out_o of_o these_o the_o lord_n keeper_n treasurer_n privy_a councillor_n and_o 12_o judge_n assemble_v in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n and_o swear_v make_v choice_n of_o three_o of_o which_o the_o king_n himself_o after_o choose_v one_o to_o be_v sheriff_n for_o that_o year_n only_o though_o heretofore_o it_o be_v for_o many_o year_n and_o sometime_o hereditary_a as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o clifford_n who_o by_o dissent_n from_o robert_n de_fw-fr vipont_n be_v sheriff_n hereditary_a of_o the_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n by_o charter_n from_o king_n john_n furthermore_o the_o sheriff_n office_n be_v to_o collect_v all_o public_a profit_n custom_n tax_n of_o the_o county_n all_o fine_n distress_n and_o amerceament_n and_o to_o bring_v they_o into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n or_o treasury_n at_o london_n or_o else_o where_o as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v the_o
sheriff_n of_o each_o county_n have_v a_o double_a function_n first_o ministerial_a to_o execute_v all_o process_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o court_n of_o law_n and_o to_o make_v return_n of_o the_o same_o second_o judicial_a whereby_o he_o have_v authority_n to_o hold_v two_o several_a court_n of_o distinct_a nature_n the_o one_o call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v which_o he_o hold_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o county_n inquire_v of_o all_o criminal_a offence_n against_o the_o common-law_n not_o prohibit_v by_o any_o statute_n the_o other_o call_v the_o county_n court_n wherein_o he_o hear_v and_o determine_v civil_a cause_n of_o the_o county_n under_o 40_o s._n which_o ancient_o be_v a_o considerable_a sum_n so_o that_o by_o the_o great_a fall_n of_o the_o money_n now_o the_o sheriff_n authority_n in_o that_o part_n be_v much_o diminish_v he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o life_n of_o justice_n of_o the_o law_n and_o of_o the_o county_n for_o no_o suit_n begin_v and_o no_o process_n be_v serve_v but_o by_o he_o than_o no_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o he_o last_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n in_o the_o whole_a county_n every_o county_n be_v subdivide_v into_o hundred_o so_o call_v at_o first_o either_o for_o contain_v a_o hundred_o house_n or_o 100_o man_n bind_v to_o find_v arm_n or_o wapentake_v so_o call_v from_o touch_v a_o weapon_n when_o they_o swear_v allegiance_n as_o the_o manner_n at_o this_o day_n be_v in_o sweden_n at_o their_o solemn_a wedding_n for_o the_o chief_a witness_n to_o lay_v all_o their_o hand_n upon_o a_o lance_n or_o pike_n every_o such_o wapentake_n oâ—_n hundred_o have_v common_o a_o bailiff_n a_o very_a ancient_a officer_n but_o now_o of_o small_a authority_n also_o officer_n call_v high_a constable_n first_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o winchester_n 13_o edw._n 1._o for_o conservation_n of_o peace_n and_o view_n of_o armour_n they_o disperse_v warrant_n and_o order_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o each_o petty_a constable_n there_o be_v also_o in_o every_o county_n two_o officer_n call_v coroner_n who_o office_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o neighbour_n how_o and_o by_o who_o any_o person_n come_v by_o a_o violent_a death_n and_o to_o enter_v the_o same_o upon_o record_n which_o be_v matter_n criminal_a and_o a_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o thence_o they_o be_v call_v crowner_n or_o coroner_n these_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n they_o be_v ancient_o man_n of_o estate_n birth_n and_o honour_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n iii_o a_o merchant_n be_v choose_v a_o coroner_n be_v remove_v quia_fw-la communis_fw-la mercator_fw-la fuit_fw-la whereas_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v a_o gentleman_n which_o have_v no_o trade_n man_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v by_o our_o law_n every_o county_n also_o have_v a_o officer_n call_v clerk_n of_o the_o mercat_n who_o office_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o standard_n of_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_v exact_o according_a with_o the_o king_n standard_n keep_v in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o to_o see_v that_o none_o other_o be_v use_v in_o the_o same_o county_n to_o seal_v all_o weight_n and_o measure_n make_v exact_o by_o the_o standard_n in_o his_o custody_n and_o to_o burn_v such_o as_o be_v otherwise_o he_o have_v a_o court_n and_o may_v keep_v and_o hold_v plea_n therein_o of_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o city_n every_o city_n of_o england_n by_o their_o charter_n or_o privilege_n grant_v by_o several_a king_n be_v a_o little_a commonwealth_n apart_o govern_v not_o as_o the_o city_n of_o france_n by_o a_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n place_v there_o by_o the_o king_n but_o whole_o by_o themselves_o they_o choose_v among_o themselves_o their_o own_o governor_n in_o city_n a_o mayor_n be_v choose_v common_o out_o of_o 12_o alderman_n in_o some_o other_o coâ—porations_n a_o bailiff_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o burgess_n they_o be_v not_o tax_v but_o by_o their_o own_o officer_n of_o their_o own_o corporation_n every_o trade_n have_v some_o of_o their_o own_o always_o of_o the_o council_n to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v enact_v contrary_a to_o their_o profit_n every_o city_n by_o charter_n from_o the_o king_n have_v haute_fw-fr moyenne_fw-fr &_o base_v justice_n a_o jurisdiction_n among_o themselves_o to_o judge_v in_o all_o matter_n criminal_a and_o civil_a only_o with_o this_o restraint_n that_o all_o civil_a cause_n may_v be_v remove_v from_o their_o court_n to_o the_o high_a court_n at_o westminster_n the_o mayor_n of_o the_o city_n be_v the_o king_n lieutenant_n and_o with_o the_o aldermâ—n_n and_o common_a council_n as_o it_o be_v king_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n can_v make_v law_n call_v by-law_n for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n he_o be_v for_o his_o time_n which_o be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n as_o it_o be_v a_o judge_n to_o determine_v matter_n and_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o law_n the_o next_o in_o government_n of_o city_n be_v two_o principal_a officer_n call_v though_o improper_o the_o sheriff_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o civil_a cause_n within_o this_o city_n and_o to_o see_v all_o execution_n do_v whether_o penal_a or_o capital_a and_o shall_v rather_o be_v call_v stat-reeves_a or_o port-reeves_a i._n e._n vrbis_fw-la vel_fw-la portus_n praefecti_fw-la in_o city_n the_o people_n be_v general_o make_v more_o industrious_a by_o manufacture_n and_o less_o idleness_n suffer_v then_o in_o other_o place_n so_o that_o in_o some_o city_n child_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o year_n old_a be_v make_v to_o gain_v their_o own_o expense_n in_o the_o city_n of_o norwich_n it_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v compute_v and_o find_v that_o yearly_a child_n from_o 6_o to_o 10_o year_n of_o age_n have_v gain_v 12_o thousand_o pound_n more_o than_o what_o they_o spend_v and_o that_o chief_o by_o knit_v fine_a jersey_n stocking_n the_o government_n of_o burrough_n and_o other_o town_n corporate_a be_v much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o some_o there_o be_v a_o mayor_n in_o other_o one_o or_o two_o bailiff_n who_o have_v equal_a power_n with_o a_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n and_o during_o their_o office_n they_o be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o their_o liberty_n and_o have_v there_o the_o same_o power_n that_o other_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n have_v in_o the_o county_n for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o village_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n have_v ordinary_o power_n to_o hold_v a_o court-baron_n so_o call_v because_o ancient_o such_o lord_n be_v call_v baron_n as_o they_o be_v still_o in_o many_o part_n of_o france_n or_o else_o court_n baron_n i._n e._n court_n of_o freeholder_n as_o the_o baron_n of_o germany_n be_v call_v frey_n herren_a so_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n in_o england_n be_v but_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o this_o court_n may_v be_v hold_v every_o 3_o week_n also_o for_o the_o government_n of_o village_n there_o be_v a_o petty_a constable_n choose_v every_o year_n by_o every_o one_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o place_n this_o officer_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n in_o case_n of_o quarrel_n to_o search_v any_o house_n for_o robber_n murderer_n or_o other_o that_o have_v any_o way_n break_v the_o peace_n to_o raise_v the_o hue_n and_o cry_n after_o robber_n flee_v away_o to_o seize_v upon_o they_o and_o keep_v they_o in_o the_o stock_n or_o other_o prison_n till_o they_o can_v bring_v they_o before_o some_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o who_o the_o constable_n be_v subservient_fw-fr upon_o all_o occasiion_n either_o to_o bring_v crrminal_n before_o they_o or_o to_o carry_v they_o by_o their_o command_n to_o the_o common_a prison_n every_o little_a village_n almost_o have_v a_o epitome_n of_o monarchical_a government_n of_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a policy_n within_o itself_o which_o if_o due_o maintain_v will_v render_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n happy_a first_o for_o the_o civil_a government_n there_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n who_o from_o the_o crown_n immediate_o or_o mediate_o hold_v dominium_fw-la soli_fw-la and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v in_o he_o the_o royalty_n as_o if_o he_o be_v a_o little_a king_n and_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o village_n have_v his_o court-leetâ—_a or_o court-baron_n to_o which_o they_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n and_o where_o may_v be_v try_v small_a matter_n happen_v within_o the_o manor_n escheat_n upon_o felony_n or_o other_o accident_n custody_n of_o infant_n and_o lunatic_n power_n of_o pass_a estate_n and_o admit_v of_o tenant_n relief_n hariot_n hunt_v hawk_v fish_v etc._n etc._n under_o the_o lord_n be_v the_o constable_n or_o