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cause_n	charge_n	excellent_a	great_a	54	3	2.1090	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36730	Atlas Chinensis being a second part of A relation of remarkable passages in two embassies from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the vice-roy Singlamong and General Taising Lipovi and to Konchi, Emperor of China and East-Tartary : with a relation of the Netherlanders assisting the Tarter against Coxinga and the Chinese fleet, who till then were masters of the sea : and a more exact geographical description than formerly both of the whole empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen provinces / collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus ; English'd and adorn'd with above a hundred several sculptures by John Ogilby.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Dapper, Olfert, 1639-1689.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing D242; ESTC R5629	631,298	665

of their Offices before him declaring publickly that they would no longer Serve in their Places and the more boldly they throw them down if the Emperor designs any thing which they fear may prove prejudicial to the Realm and that he will not hearken to them It hapned some years since that the Emperor Vanlie who clouded all his Atchievements by his insatiably lustful desires for notwithstanding he had a lawful Son yet he would declare a Bastard to be Heir of the Empire but the Peers and Governors being against it said they would not suffer so base an Election yet the Emperor not regarding their Saying all the Magistrates that were in the City being to the number of two thousand went to the Palace and forc'd him against his will by laying off their Liveries to declare the lawful Heir to be Successor The like occasion hapned Anno 1651. for when after the Death of the Guardian and Unkle to the young Emperor another Tartar would Govern alledging that the Emperor's Age was not fit for such a Management all the Governors laid down their Badges whereby he was forc'd to desist and in this manner a Youth of sixteen years old call'd Xunghi being the true Heir took upon him the Government Besides these Magistrates or Privy-Councellors at the Court there are several other Offices or Council-Chambers for divers Businesses but the chiefest and most honorable is that which is call'd Hanlinyuen into which none but Learned Doctors are admitted Those which are in this Imperial Office do nothing but Read several Books and may not trouble themselves with publick Concerns when as nevertheless they exceed those that sit at the Helm wherefore many endeavor greatly to get into their Society Their Business is onely to write the Emperor's Letters Annual Chronicles and to make Laws and Ordinances Out of these are also chose the Tutors for the Emperor's and Princes In this Society are several degrees of Honor which every one attains to by their writing a good Style after which they are rais'd to the highest Preferment within the Court None are chose to be of that most eminent Office of Colao but out of them Those that are in this Society make great advantages by writing Epistles and Encomiums of their Friends nay every one accounts himself happy if he can but get them bestowing great Charge and trouble to that end for if they have but the Name that they are made by them they are accounted excellent though never so bad Lastly those that are of this Society are chief Councellors and Judges in the Examinations of Causes both Divine and Moral and are by the Professors of Sciences accounted Masters of Literature Besides all these Courts there is one supream Court which is the chief in the whole Empire None can be receiv'd into this unless they have been of the Imperial Society call'd Hanlin or Hanlinyuen before mention'd and after they have a considerable time been in Places of Government and made sufficient proofs of their Mildness Policy and Prudence and that no Letters of Complaint have been set out against them This Court consists of four or at most of six Persons which are call'd Colaos and Coglogs The Emperor Vanlie Grandfather to the Emperor Zunchin would never suffer more than one Colao alledging that the rest were needless The Quality of Colao to speak properly is no peculiar Office because they take care of the general Government of the State and are just like Supream Judges of all Courts and Dominions in the whole Empire though they are never all together but when they dispatch grand Business for the Emperor who being not always present upon the concluding they are many times forc'd to be in the Palace to answer those Petitions which are hourly brought to the Emperor This done they are necessitated to find out the Emperor and inform him of their several Results which having heard he doth Justice to the Parties and pronounces the ultimate Sentence by either confirming or altering their Conclusions These Colaos are in the highest esteem and above all the Councels or Magistrates who at a certain time come and shew Reverence to them as their Superiors in an open Hall The Colaos during this Ceremony stand up and all the Officers according to their Degrees walk cross the Hall coming before them they turn about and bow their Heads down to the Ground which Ceremony is call'd Quo Tham that is Passing through the Hall There is also a great difference betwixt the Colaos Robes and those of the other Magistrates for their Girdles are beset with Precious Stones which they call Yuxe which none but Colaos may wear in the whole Empire nay they receive their Orders by the Emperor 's own Hand as the Knights amongst us their Honor from the King himself Father Nicholas Trigaut describes the Colaos Authority and Office in the following words Besides these six Courts there is another the most eminent in the whole Realm and the Emperor's Palace those which belong to it are call'd Colaos and are generally three or four in number and sometimes six They have charge of no particular Business but mind the general Concerns of the Empire and sit in private Consultation with the Emperor daily in his Palace And in regard the Emperor at present doth not appear in Person at Treaties of publick Affairs of the Realm which he formerly us'd to dispatch they stay the whole day in the Palace and answer Petitions which in great numbers are brought according as they think fit with which Answers they go to the Emperor who Regio Nutu by his Beck either confirms or alters them Thus far Trigaut The like Quality and Office Father Martin ascribes to them in the following words The six Courts viz. Lypu Hupu Pingpu Cungpu Hingpu are not concern'd in publick Matters of the whole Realm but onely with private Consultations for the Governors make their Requests to the Emperor by way of Petition who having consider'd of the Business sends them to every Court to which they belong the Assistants whereof after serious Consideration acquaint the Emperor with their Opinons in Writing which he then according to his pleasure either vacates or affirms which that he may the better be able to do he chuses some of the prime Philosophers in the whole Empire for his Assistants who are call'd Colaos or Caising that is Assistants in Government These are in the next Degree to the Emperor and aid him in dispatching of Business Consulting with him in Person as being his Privy-Council for he is seldom seen by any other Magistrates Judges Justices or Councellors Thus far Martin Those which the Chineses call Colao we if we observe the original of the Name should term Assistants to the Emperor partly for their honorable Employment and partly as being next the Emperor the prime Governors of the whole Realm Thus far of the general Government and Councils or Offices of the Realm which so

Zukeng 7 1258 XXII Zukia 2 1225 XXIII Linsin 63 1219 XXIV Kenting 21 1198 XXV Uvye 4 1194 XXVI Taiting 3 1191 XXVII Tiye 37 1154 XXVIII Che 33 After the subduing of the House of Xang rose the Family Cheu Anno 1122. and flourish'd till Anno 247. before our Saviors Nativity under thirty seven Emperors The first of them was a Prince call'd Fa who when he enjoy'd the Crown chang'd his Name to V which signifies Valiant and they say that from him all the Emperors since at their entring on the Throne change their Names He possess'd in the Province Xensi a Countrey nam'd Cheu from whence the Family receiv'd their Denomination Before Christs Birth Raign'd Years 1078 I. Fa or U 7 1115 II. Ching 38 1122 III. Kang 26 1056 IV. Cha 51 1001 V. Mo 55 946 VI. Cung 12 934 VII Is 25 894 VIII Hia 15 896 IX Is 16 878 X. Li 38 827 XI Siveni 46 781 XII Ie 11 770 XIII Ping 51 719 XIV Vou 23 696 XV. Chuang 15 631 XVI Li 5 676 XVII Hoei 25 651 XVIII Siang 33 618 XIX Hiang 6 612 XX. Quang 6 606 XXI Fing 21 585 XXII Kien 14 571 XXIII Ling 27 544 XXIV King 25 519 XXV King 44 Between which was the Emperor Menguen who Raign'd scarce a Moneth   Raign'd   Years 475 XXVI Yuen 7 468 XXVII Chinting 27 440 XXX Ka 15 Ka is accounted the thirtieth for after Chintung's Death his other Sons being Kiucie and Xocie attempted for the Empire and in that regard were accounted as being two viz. the twenty eighth and twenty ninth because they acted for some time but at last Ka mastering them became absolute and so was reckon'd the thirtieth   Raign'd Years 542 XXXI Gueilie 24 401 XXXII Gan 26 375 XXXIII Lie 7 368 XXXIV Hien 48 322 XXXV Xicini 6 314 XXXVI Fo 59 254 XXXVII Cheukuni 9 After the House of Cheu came the Family Cin under their Advancer Ching who was afterwards call'd Xi in the Year 246. and continu'd but to Anno 206.   Raign'd Years 246 I. Ching or Xi 37 209 II. Ulxi 3 206 III. Ing 46 After the Family Cin the House of Han follow'd which flourish'd till Anno 264. after Christ. The first Raiser of this House was Before the Nativity Raign'd Years 206 I. Lieupang or Kaozu 17 194 II. Hoei 7 187 III. Liuheva a Woman 8 179 IV. Veni 23 156 V. Hiaoking 16 140 VI. Hiaou 54 86 VII Hiaoche 12 74 VIII Ho 7 73 IX Siveni 25 48 X. Iuen 16 32 XI Ching 26 6 XII Ngay 6 These are the Names of the Emperors every one in their Families before the Birth of our Saviour according as they are written in the Chinese Chronicles Translated into Latin by Father Martyn but those that have Raign'd since the Incarnation I have receiv'd no account of being not yet render'd to us in any other Language After the Family of Han arose that of Cyn and flourish'd after the Birth of Christ till Anno 1419. At the same time were also five Kings call'd Utai which maintain'd War against one another till by their Ruine the Family Tang took upon them the sole Government of China which they kept till Anno 618. In the Year 923. the Family Sung succeeded that of Tang and Raign'd over all China till Anno 1278. when this House was utterly subdu'd by the Tartars who set up the Family of Iuen which Govern'd China till 1368. in which Year rose the House of Taiming from a Priest call'd Chu who drove the Tartars out of China but this Family was Anno 1644. destroy'd and by a huge Rebellion the East Tartars of Munchu were invited to Ayd the Prince but the way once open'd they swallow'd all and from their Prince nam'd the whole Empire of China Taising The Magistrates or Governors in China taken in general are of two Degrees or Orders the first are such as not only in the Metropolis officiate the places of Privy Councellors but from thence have influence over the whole Empire the other are such as Govern peculiar Provinces or Cities The general Government or that of the first Degree are by Alvarez Semedo describ'd in the following words The Prime Government of China consists in six Benches Chambers or Courts which by a general Name are call'd Pu that is The Kings Benches These manage not only the Affairs of the Realm in the Courts where they reside but like the Head on which all the other depend Rule and give Orders to them according to their several places Every Councel hath his President which they call Chamxu with two Assistants the one nam'd Koxilam who is the Chief and sits on the left Hand by them counted most honorable and the other Yeuxilam These are the first and most profitable Offices of the Empire except that of Kolao's so that a Tutang or Vice-Roy of what Province so e're it be after he hath given Testimony of his Capacity if he would be Promoted thinks himself well provided for though not a Prime Councellor to be only one of the Assistants that sit on the left or right Hand Besides these there is a Councel of Ten which are of equal Dignity only distinguish'd by several Titles and deciding of different Causes To these are to be added the vast numbers of greater and lesser Officers as Notaries Secretaries Clerks Servants Officers and such as we call Bayliffs besides many others not known in Europe The first Councel or Court which have the greatest Command and receive the highest Presents and greatest Fees are the Councel of State call'd Lipu that is properly Councel of Magistrates for Pu signifies a Councel and Li Magistrates To these belong all the Offices in the Empire to change or promote them for he who is once in an Employment rises continually by degrees to higher Dignities They have also Power to restore those to their Employments that are displac'd as if a Mandarin is for some Misdemeanor put out of his place he may easily obtain it again if he be in favor with this Councel The second Bench is call'd Pimpu that is Councel of War which have as great a Command as those of State viz. over all the Militia with the Schools and Academies and for instruction of Youth in Martial Discipline and the Exercise of Arms. The third is of the Customs call'd Limpu which though not of great Commands yet they are of no less Quality for the Mandarins in which it consists are chosen out of the Emperor's Councel Hanlin which are next to the Kolao's the Prime place of Honor in China This Council hath knowledge of all Letters and likewise of Ecclesiastical Affairs Bonzies Strangers and the like The fourth Councel is that of the Emperor's Revenues call'd Hupu which take care to get in the Emperor's Treasure Customs Farms and in general all things that bring in Money The fifth call'd Cumpu look after all business of Building and Architecture and especially what belongs

during their time of Government much respected by the common People The third Employment is Treasurer who takes care of the Emperor's Revenue in his Province being Employ'd by the Court of Exchequer which sit at the Emperor's Palace He hath two Councellors allow'd him one of which sits on his right and the other on his left Hand besides twenty six Mandarins and several other Officers His Business is to look after the Customs Farms and all Revenues whatsoever belonging to the Crown He Seals the Weights and Measures decides all Differences concerning Moneys punishing the guilty or sending them if he think fit to higher Courts pays the Magistrates Allies to the Emperor Commanders and Soldiers provides Liveries and Marks of Honor which are given to famous Scholars pays the Money for the repairing of High-ways Bridges Courts or Palaces of the chief Mandarins and Ships of War Lastly this Treasurer hath the Command of all what comes in or goes out of the Treasury He also receives the Emperor's Presents from the Judges Governors and Tauli which every one makes according to their Employments being in Silver Coin or Bullion all which is by him melted into Bars each to the value of fifty Crowns and stamp'd with the Imperial Mark and the Melter's Name that thereby he may know whom to accuse if the Silver should be falsifi'd In this manner it is carry'd into the Emperor's Treasury The fourth Court is call'd Gandchasci that is The Court of Life and Death In it are two Assistants or Tauli whose care is to Visit and go from Town to Town to decide all Differences punish the guilty perform o●…r Duties belonging to their Offices which extend over the Militia and Affairs in such Provinces that lie near the Sea The fifth resembles a Colledge of Learned Men ordain'd to Examine Youths how they profit in their Studies and especially to observe their Masters of Art till such time as they have receiv'd their Bonnet and Orders to be Directors The prime of this famous Society is a Chancellor who from time to time goes to Towns and Villages to enquire after the Carriage Deportment and Conversation of the Learned and to punish or chastise them according to their several Offenses There are yet two Persons in every City call'd Hioquon that is Mandarins or Magistrates of Knowledge which also belong to the fore-mention'd five Courts whose Command extends onely over the Students of the City and though they have not Power to give the Degrees due to deserving Persons but onely to chastise them yet nevertheless they are very strict and severe because they continually reside in one Place and like Proctors in our Universities come and Examine the Scholars All these fore-mention'd Courts Command over the whole Province and the Cities Towns and Villages contain'd therein Moreover every City hath peculiar Governors as here in Europe being four eminent Mandarins or Aldermen as one of them is like a Mayor which is by them call'd Chifu Chi signifies Lord or Governor and Fu A Mannor or Tract of Land the other three are his Assistants and call'd Tumchu Tumphuon and Cheuquon every one hath his pecular Court and Officers Besides these are nineteen lesser Magistrates which look after the Towns two of them have a prime Councellor and four inferior Assistants the other nine onely one Councellor and one Assistant the other eight have one supream Head who Commands over their whole Society The Villages have also each of them a Judge and three Justices the Judge is call'd Chihien the first Justice Honchin the second Chufu and the third Tunfu All these have their several Courts or Council-Chambers and likewise Secretaries Clerks and other inferior Officers The Judge may pronounce Sentence of Death but cannot execute it Beside these Mandarins which reside in Towns and Villages there are some which have neither power to Condemn nor Punish but onely to give their Judgments to the Society The great Castles that lie distant from Towns and Villages have also Mandarins or Magistrates chosen from amongst the Clerks for the least Office that any Person of Quality aims at is to be Judge or Justice in a Village Trigaut declares the General Government of every Province as it was in his time after the following manner The Towns which belong to the prime Provinces of Peking and Nanking are Govern'd after the same manner as all the Cities and Towns in the other Provinces The Government of each of the thirteen Provinces consists in a Magistrate call'd Pucinsu and another nam'd Nanganzasu the first determines Civil Causes and the other Criminal They keep their Courts in great State and reside in the Metropolis of the Province To both these belong several petty Officers and also the chief Magistrates which are call'd Tauli but because they Command over several Cities they are sometimes absent from the Metropolis Every Fu ●…r County for a Province is divided into divers Counties hath a peculiar Governor call'd Chifu that is Lord of the County and likewise over every great City or Cheu and over each Town or Hien is a Governor the first call'd Chicheu and the last Cihien These Governors of all the Counties and chief Rulers of Cities have every one four Assistants which aid them in all Businesses that happen in their Jurisdiction being all their Deputies The Chifu or Governor of the County hath his Residence in one of the Cities and determineth all things as Chief for when any Businesses are consultof by the Chicheu and Cihien they acquaint him therewith as their Superior and in the first Degree It is to be observ'd that the Chifu or Governors of the Territories and his Court and the whole County receive their Denomination from the City in which they reside as for example the Governor keeps his Court in the City Nunciang and that City gives denomination to the whole County Governor and Court so that they are call'd Nunciangers Besides these Magistrates there are many others in Cities Towns and Villages as also many Generals and Collonels through the whole Empire but especially in Places bordering the Sea and Garisons Thus far Trigaut All the Magistrates saith the same Trigaut are under nine Orders all comprehended under the Philosopher and Military Man Every one in these Orders receives his Revenue from the publick Stock either in Rice or Mony though but little in respect of their Authority for the Salary of the prime and chief Order amounts not to above a thousand Ducats yearly Those which are of the same Order receive Wages alike whether Philosophers or Military Persons for the chief of the Soldiers get as much as the Supream of the Learned All the Magistrates have a private Seal of their Office given them by the Emperor Humvu What they write in their Law they Seal onely with Red which is a kind of Earth so Red that it is like a Vermilion and digg'd out of the Mountain Tape near the City Lingkien in the Province of