Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	cause_v	humour_n	pain_n	1,581	5	7.2471	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02364	The Frenche chirurgerye, or all the manualle operations of chirurgerye , vvith divers, & sundrye figures, and amongst the rest, certayne nuefovvnde instrumentes, verye necessarye to all the operationes of chirurgerye. Through Iaques Guillemeau, of Orleans ordinarye chirurgiane to the Kinge, and sworen in the citye of Paris. And novv truelye translated out of Dutch into Englishe by A.M.; Oeuvres de chirurgie. English	Guillemeau, Jacques, 1550?-1613.; A. M., fl. 1598.	1598 (1598)	STC 12498; ESTC S122176	253,267	144

daunger in hurtinge of the tendones that consideringe the synnuishe fibers vvhervvith the muscles of the bellye are connectede vvhich in time chauÌ„ge themselves into a tendone vvhich vve commonlye call the great synnue What we ought to consider in the suture and so winge of a wounde Chap. 2. Why vve may not in the resovvinge of a vvouÌ„de dravve the lipps or edges close together WE must not at anye time sovve vp a vvounde least in the first shee be vvell purifyed cleansed as vvell externallye as internallye if at the least vvith out any great daunger or perrill it may be effected extractinge and takinge therout all that is contrarie vnto the sayed vvounde as is congealed bloode vvhich comminge to corruptione might cause greate inflaÌ„matione ofteÌ„ times alsoe a convulsione in that parte throughe vvhich the sovvinge breaketh teareth soe conseqventlye hinderethe the vnitinge healinge of the vvouÌ„de vvherfore in the resovvinge of a vvouÌ„de vve must deligentlye note that vve doe not contracte dravve together on all sydes the lippes or edges of the forsayed vvounde except it vveare in the haremouth in the cleaved or severed lippes of the mouth but must leave some distance betvveene the one the other lippe or in anye place some or other apertione because the matter which gathereth it selfe together in the bottome of the vvounde may issue therout and by that meanes the medicamentes may be therone applied In like sorte the Chirurgiane must in sovvinge consider vse medicoritye and not take to great a qvantitye ether in the length or in the depthe of the fleshe and of the skine throughe the vvhich there might ensue and follovve great payne vvhich vve ought not to esteeme for smalle therof allsoe vvoulde remayne an illfavored vnseemlye cicatrice or scarre As to the contrarye the not deepe sovvinge of the vvounde myght easylye breake and burst agayne then in vayne it vveare sovvede For if soe be that the needle be to neere thrust throughe the edges of the vvouÌ„de theÌ„ the threde because of his tenuitye teareth throughe the skinne or fleshe vvhen as vve thruste the needle to deepe and farre from the lippes or edges of the vvounde then there resteth and remayneth a greate parte of the skinne Fleshe vvith Fleshe commeth farre sonner to vnite theÌ„ skinne vvith skinne vvhich vvill not be vnited vvherfore indifferentlye vve ought to pearce together as much of the skin as of the fleshe because the fleshe farre sooner and easyer commeth to heale and cure vvith the fleshe then the skinne vvith the skinne and that is consideringe the naturall temperatenes of the foresayed fleshe vvhich is vvarme and moyste And as touchinge the distance of the stitches and soovvinge vve ought not to laye them to close one by the other nether to farre separate sequestred one froÌ„ the other as theÌ„ they can not retayne the vvounde And vvhen all to nye the other they are layed cause payne through all the stitches and dravvinge together of the same through the vvhich payne is caused a concursione of Humors vnto that place vve must therfore vse a meane therine vvell consideringe the largenes and length of the vvounde but above all vve must marke that vve thrust not throughe or in anye synnues or tendones consideringe the payne the Spasmus and manye other fearfull accidentes vvhich therof might ensue as allreadye vve have sayed Sovving of a vvounde may not be effected vvith anye violence in those partes vvhich vve endevoure to vnite and bringe together but theÌ„ is sovvinge laudable vvhen as the skinne stretcheth it allmost together of it ovvne accorde vvheras in this sorte it vvill not be effected or brought to passe easylye that the lippes of the vvound vvith violence must be ioyned it is as then most convenient that vve relay the stitches some distaÌ„ce one froÌ„ the other lettinge them be somvvhat looslye sovved for if it chaunced vve drevve them somvvhat stiflye together the skinne might then easylye rente or teare soe burst a sunder throughe the tumefactione vvhich therof ensueth If that therefore Sovvinge may not by anye violence be done in the lippes of the vvounde vve disire perfectlye to cure a vvounde vve ought as theÌ„ soe to dispose of the sovvinge because that in thus doinge the humors bloode matter and the externall ayre might be repelled from the lippes or edges of the vvouÌ„de because such thinges may hinder or at the leaste deferre the curinge of the same and in soe much as the lippes of the vvounde are not vvell vnited the one vvith the other and kept in that stature vnitinge the vvound can verve badlye hardlye be cured And alsoe if the lippes of the vvounde We may in noe vvise sovve the lippes of an inflamed vvounde doe greatlye chaunce to svvell inflame theye shrinck in themselves or els if they be to much brused or plettered vve must not theÌ„ in anye sorte resovve it agayne for the suture vvould strayght vvaye breake and soe consequentlye the inflammatione increased but must delay it soe longe vntill the foresayed inflammatione be seaced the vvounde be come to goode suppuratione and matter and is prepared and readye to be vnited brought together What is necessarye vnto the sowinge of a wounde and howe we ought convenientlye to doe it Chap. 3. WHen as the Chyrurgiane desireth aptlye convenientlye to sovve a vvounde he must first of all have in his hande a needle therto a threde and a canulle CoÌ„cerninge the needle shee must be of a reasonable length somtimes right sometimes croocked accordinge as the partes reqvire nether must shee be made of to harde a steele or mettle vvher of they easylye might chaunce to breake but of gentle steele because they might rather bende then breake althoughe shee ought to be stiffe smooth infrangible haviÌ„ge a sharpe triangled poyncte because that in her entringe she might both cut pricke soe the easyer perce or goe ther through because that in her govvinge throughe she might make a longe little vvound or hole not rounde because those little rovvndes are more difficulte to be cured What forme the needle must have then the longe holes In the heade she must be one both sydes hollovve in form of a gutture because the threde might therinne be hidden buried not hinder the percinge or entrance of the needle in the dravviÌ„ge throughe therof because shee then toucheth the bodye in that sort more easyer and softer It vvill not alsoe hinder accordinge to the sayiÌ„ge of Avicenna that vve somvvhat anoynt the needle vvith oyle vvherbye the payne of the pricke night be somvvhat easyed the foresayed needle enter the easyer What forme the threde must have The threede must be smooth soft rovvnde and vvithout anye knott all eqvivalent vvith the thicknes greatnes of the needle but not in any sorte to thinne least he

the needle in the lippe or edge of the vvouÌ„de vvithout dravvinge of the foresayed needle qvite through althoughe shee be threded but must suffer her to continue therine and vvinde the threde about her in form of an S as the Taylers doe vvheÌ„ as they are mynded safely to keepe there threeded needle anye vvher one ther apparrell as you may see in the figure or form of the haremouth soe put as manye needles therin as shal be needfull accordinge to the greatnes of the vvounde vvinde the threde ther about and let them coÌ„tinue therin vntill such time as the vvouÌ„de shal be healed ioyned agayne This sovvinge or suture is vsed in such vvoundes as stande vvyde opeÌ„ in those in the vvhich the lippes are separated the one soÌ„vvhat vvydlye froÌ„ the other they vvhich vvith the common stitchinge might not be contayned or Kept together The thirde incarnative sovvinge is called The thirde incarnative suture the penned stitchinge because most commoÌ„lye it is done vvith little quilles or shaftes of a penne not that the foresaved qvilles doe effecte the sovvinge but because they contayne it alsoe are a lett hinderaÌ„ce that the threde dothe not cut the lippes of the vvouÌ„de cleane throughe vvhich if vvith al expeditione vvith the least payne vve desire to make theÌ„ vve must doe as heerafter follovvethe VVe shall first of all take a stronge double threde vvhich is separated in tvvo at the end having a knotte vvhich vvith the needle vve must thruste throughe both the lippes or edges of the vvounde redoinge the same soe often in divers places as the greatnes of the vvouÌ„de shall reqvire allvvayes remeÌ„bringe that everye stitch must be a fingers bredthe the one froÌ„ the other situated layed or therabout This beinge in this sort finished we must as then one that syde of the vvound vvhere the knott lyeth of the threde betvveen everye dubblethrede sticke a little shaft or qville or els a little stick of vvoode vvhich is vvounde in linnen clothe must be as longe in the vvounde it selfe vvhich aftervvardes vvith the threde vve must dravve close vnto the lippe of the vvounde and one the other lippe of the vvouÌ„de vve must through that same dubblethrede in like sorte alsoe put a qville or a little sticke vvound about vvith linneÌ„ vvhich in the first must be dravvn vvith one of the foresayed thredes and vvith a dubble knott be knitted together bringinge by this meanes the lippes of the vvounde as close together as is possible in this vvyse proceedinge vvith dravvinge together and knittinge all the thredes vvhich ther are in such sorte as the first vvas dravven together knitte Such sovvinge is vsed in greate deepe vvouÌ„des in the vvhich vve feare least the coÌ„mon sovvinge or stitchinge might chaunce to breake cut through the edges of the vvounde The fourth is called the drye stich or sovvinge The fourth incarnative suture because this may be done vvithout pearcinge of the skinne or fleshe vvhich vve are vvonte to doe vvith tvvo stroÌ„ge peeces of linnen cloth vvhich are cut of the syde or edge of the clothe and vvhich in the endes are cut sharpe or picked as heere before in the figure vve may see on the vvhich other ende vve must spreade a verye dravviÌ„ge fast houldinge playster vvhich qvicklye may be dryed vvhich must thus be praepared vve shall applye this same one both sydes of the vvound a little higher then the foresayed vvounde in such sort that bothe the sharpe endes of the peeces of cloth may be situated close vnto the edges of the vvounde This beinge cleaved verye fast to the skinne vve must as then sovve bothe ther endes close together vvithout touchinge of the skinne and dravve them together vvith the threde through the vvhich meanes vve may compacte the lippes of the vvounde as close together os vve please Such a maÌ„ner of stitchinge is very vvillingelye vsed in the vvoundes of the face vvheÌ„as vve desire to have noe great cicatrice left therin The fith kind of sovvinge is noe more in vse The fifth incarnative sovvinge or stitchinge is effected vvith iron hoockes vvhich one both there endes vveare crooked vvith the vvhich vve must hould both the lippes of the vvounde bringinge the foresayed lippes close together but because they coÌ„tinuallye pricke are never vvithout causing of payne moreover might chaunce to sticke in anye membrane vvhich might suscitate cause payne concurringe of humors inflammatione in the vvouÌ„ded parte it is novve a dayes noe more in vse The secoÌ„de generall suture The seconde suture is the bloode-stoppinge suture soe called because she stencheth stoppeth bloode and hindereth that the ayre can not enter into the vvouÌ„de vvhen as in manner of revolutione vve turne the needle as the furriers are vvoÌ„te to doe vvhen as they sovve together the skinnes lay the stiches reasonable close harde on by the other Some vse this suture or stitchinge vvheÌ„ as the great vaynes or arteryes are hurt or cutt of coÌ„sideringe the great sheddinge of bloode through the vvhich they are compelled to doe soe soe the more easyer to ioyne bringe together and shutt the lippes of the vvounde But this stitchinge is nothinge to certayne because the one stitchbrekinghe all the other breake goe loose moreover the bloode vvhich is therin coÌ„tayned causeth that part to svvell and leeseth as it vveare himselfe betvveen the muscles vvhich alsoe therafter by coÌ„tinuance of time corrupt are mortifyed VVherfor I vvoulde councell the yonge Chirurgiane that he should rather tye or binde the mouth of the vayne or arterye or vvith a Cauterium cauterize it together theÌ„ to vse such a stitchinge vvhich is farre coÌ„venienter in the vvoundes of the small guttes or entralles of the blather or in the vvouÌ„des of the stomacke to be effected if at the least in the tvvo last it may anye vvay possible be brought to passe The thirde sovvinge The thirde Stitchinge or stitchinge vve call the conservative or the praeservinge suture because she praeserveth Keepeth the lippes op the vvounde vvhich are verye vvyde separated the one frome the other or els because they are plettered crushede or els because ther is anye parte of them lost throughe the vvhich they caÌ„ not by any meanes be brought ioyned agayne the one vvith the other reqviringe onlye to be defeÌ„ded mayntayned in that estate till such time as the vvounde be come to a goode suppuratione incarnatione vvher through the vvouÌ„de is soe much the the sooner cured cicatrised vvithout anye greate or deformed cicatrice remayninge in the place This stitchinge is alsoe vsed vvhen vve suspecte that ther is anye thinge coÌ„trarye to nature in the vvouÌ„de vvhich vve vvillinglye vvould have therout vvherfore vve doe not bringe the lippes of the vvounde so close together as in other sutures contentinge our selves that in such sorte vve may

Playster of Betonica This foresayed threde or Seton vve must suffer it to continue therin as longe as it shal be needfull as vve have sayed of the Fontanelles As concerninge the transforation A transforation applyed in the Scrotum vvhich in the navle or in the ScrotuÌ„ may be applyed it vvil be sufficient vvhen vve take the Scrotum the extreamest end of the navle so perforate the skinn being doubled vvith a reasonable greate or grosse needle vvhich must be threded vvith a vvoollen cotten or silcke thred and applyinge therone the selfe same remedyes of the vvhich vve have in the transforatione of the necke rehearsed THE NINTHE TREATISE OF THE OPERATIone of Chyrurgerye wherin is discoursede and handelede of the Ligatures or vvindinges circumvolutions of the convenience or the situation of the partes Contayning sixe Chapiters VVhat the Ligamentes or Circumvolutiones are theire matter qualitye forme and quantitye Chapit 1. The Kindes and differences of the Ligamentes Chap. 2. Rules and generall instructions vvherone vve must consider in all circumvolutiones and Ligamentes Chap. 3. Hovve vve ought to tye the Ligament and agayne make loose the same Chap. 4. Hovve vve must ligate and tye the broken Armes Legges and Hippes Chap. 5. Of the placinge and situatione of those partes one the vvhich the operatione is set one vvorke and imployed Chap. 6. â§ What the Ligamentes or Circumvolutiones are their matter quallitye forme and quantitye Chap. 1. HAvinge therfor spoken treaated of the combinationes and sutures vvherthrough al vvouÌ„des divisione or separatioÌ„ of the vvhole is inserted combined together agayne and the lippes or edges of the foresayed vvoundes are kept close together shutt vve vvil novve treacte and handle of the Ligamentes or bindinges of the vvounded partes vvherin vve ought to consider vvhat their matter theire qualitye forme quantitye differences are What Ligamentes are hovve vve ought to vvind and agayne vnvvinde the same The vvindinge therfore or dressinge of a vvounde is nothing els then a vvindinge aboute or circumvolution of the Ligatures vvhich is as much to say vvith a broade and longe ligameÌ„t vvhervvith not onlye the vvounded parte butt allsoe the fin itimate and circumiacent partes are involved and circumvestede by this meanes to restore them to theire Former estate and naturall beinge Matter of the Ligamentes Those LigameÌ„tes accordinge to the affirmations of auncieÌ„t ChyrurgiaÌ„s are of divers matter as of Linnen vvoolle or Lether the linnen Ligamentes are the most commonest of all the other vvhich at that time they vsed vvhen as they vvoulde stifflye compresse bringe close together anye parte they vsed vvoollen rovvlers in the fractures vvith vvoundes gentlye in that sort to retayne together the broken bones to cause noe payne or inflammatione at all Hippocrates vsed the Ligamentes of lether Hippocrates in the fractures of the Nose the nethermost chavv bone But of vvhat matter soever vve make theÌ„ they must not be too much vvorne out because that they may be stroÌ„ge enough to be dravvn close together stretche stifflye out Farther more they must be even and smoothe nether must they have any silvages nether must it have anye harde seames must be cut aright the threde accordinge the length of the linnen not coÌ„tradictorily because they may tye smoothe and evenlye vvithout the one syde beinge hardre tyed then the other as oftentimes it chaunceth vvhen the rovvler is cutt contradictorryelye It is right trevve that the ligature vvhervvithe after Phlebotomye vve tye the arme yeeldeth it selfe better beinge so cutt but it chaunceth heerin because in that place it yeeldeth it selfe better for the bending of the arme Touching their qvallity they must be cleane vvhyte leaste that throughe their impuritye they be a hinderance or interruption vnto the parte because by that meanes they may the better receave the humidityes as Oxicrate vvyne or any such like vvherin vve chaunce to madifye vvett them They must allso be fine light because throughe their ponderousnes they doe not overburthen the parte suscitate provoke payne cause inflaÌ„mation Thirdly they must be softe flexible because through the obduratnes therof they might chaunce to hurte that parte Fourthlye of liÌ„nen vvhich must be verye vvhyte not to closely vveaved because so they ar more better to be placede the matter the evaporationes might the easier therthroughe transpire vvhich being therin occluded cause inflaÌ„matione itchinge Forme figure of the Ligamentes Concerning their forme figure vve muste knovve that these foresaede Ligamentes or rovvlers are ether rovvled vp or involved siÌ„plelye or dubblelye vnto the middest of the foresayed ligature of an aeqvalle latitude in all places as are those vvhich vve vse in the fractures of the Armes Hippes Legges In like sorte allso in the vvoundes vlcerations of the same partes The dubble ligament or rovvler is ether of on peece of linnen on the endes beinge diverselye cutte or on an other place in other endes as are the ligameÌ„ts of the Head vvhich are cutte into foure or sixe endes And in foure endes for the Scrotum Or in the ligament vvhich is sovved together made of divers peeces as are those vvhich are vsed for the flancks for the Brestes for the Testicles for the Fundament that especiallye vve desiriÌ„ge to spare be chairye of the linnen And as much as concerneth their longitude latitud that cosisteth on the consideratione iudgement of the Chyrurgiane vvhich before hand must see the figure knovve it must therby allso be able to knovve the conformatione sitvatione of the parte the diversitye of the dissease for vvhen as vve are vrgede to make a greate circumvolutione vve must then consider on the length make it as long as is reqvired coÌ„sideringe the breadth vve must make theÌ„ accordinge to the longitude latitude of the dissease The LigameÌ„t must beÌ„ broader then the dissease so that the foresayde ligament must be greater theÌ„ the dissease because vvith on circuÌ„volutione doe not onlye involve the vvounde but allso both the endes therof as vvell on the one syde as the other for if so be the ligamente vveare smalle he must theÌ„ crushe the dissease vvherthrough greate payne and inflammatione might becausede And to speake of the qvantitye of the foresayed ligamentes Quantitye of the LigameÌ„tes that is nothinge els then the meane and measure vvhich vve must vse and observe ether in stifly or loosely bynding as in respect of the persone For as the one man is grosser more corpulent then the other so ther are also disseases vvherof the one is more paynfull then the other vvherfore vve muste consider that the ligament be nether too stifly nor loosely tyed for all ligatures vvhich are too stiflye bovvnde cause payne concursione of humors vvith inflaÌ„mations yea somtimes allso a Gangraena And those

Needle beinge vvholye takene out of her case The Coverture of the Needle The perforatioÌ„ out of the vvhich the Needle issueth f Demonstrate certayne little pincers vvhich are very necessarye to voyde take a vvay any fithines out of the Eyes or if the same cleave therin vvhere of the g is like vnto a little smoothe playne Earepicker to relevate the same out of the Eye And f demoÌ„strateth a little pincer vvhich is flatt smoothe to dravve anye thing therout if so be it clefte therin as a thorne or some such like thinge They are also very necessarye to plucke out the hayr of the Eyliddes It is of the Greeckes callede Madisterion tricolavis The portraycture of an Eye vvherin is presentede a Staphylome L. Vua notede vvith 2. The Vua or Staphylome 4 5 6 The thredes passing clean through the Staphyme vvhich must be connectede together vvhere of the 3 the 5. must be connectede the one vvith the other the 4. and the 6. also together because every stitch might be tyed aparte the on from the other A Dilatorye of the Eyeliddes or the SpeculuÌ„ of the Eye vvheÌ„ vve endevoure to take anye alienate thinge therout or els vvhen vve desite to tye the Staphylome or els cut of an Vngula It is in Latine callede Speculum oculi Palpebrarum detentor G Blepharocatocos On this place the miroure of the Eye openeth it selfe accordinge to the magnitude of the Eye The discriptione of an Eye in the vvhich is on Vngula The filamente vvhich passeth cleane throughe the Vngula to elevate the same and by that meanes the easyer to cut it of An artificialle Eye of Gould vvhich is engravene vnder hollovve A forme of an Eye vvherin is defigurede an Ectropion vvith the externalle and internalle inscisioÌ„ vvhich is require de to the curatione of the same The externalle inscisione vvhich is made according to the length therof P An internall inscisione vvhich is alsoe made in the length therof right over agaynste the externalle Q Bothe the fydelong or contradictorye Inscisions A little hoocke to elevate the Zebel The Needle for the threde to passe vnder the Zebel A little Cautery for the Eyeliddes vvhen the little hayres thereof turne invvardes The Aegilopicke Cauterye to cauterize the bone of the greate corner of the Eye The Plate to lay one the Eye least vve should chaunce to hurte the same The hole vvhich is in the Plate to thruste the Cauterye there through vvhich perforatione must be layede right on the Fistle A little canulle or pipe for an other Cauterye We must heere note that this pipe or canulle must have a little ringle vvhere by vve might hould faste the same for if soe be vvith a buttone vve houlde it vve might then chaunce to burne our fingers becaus the cauterye internallye passinge throughe the same it shoulde not soe completlye be effectede as it ought to be The Cauterye The handle The holes to thruste therein a little pegge leaste vve shoulde penetrate to deepe thervvith may therebye be somevvhat retaynede The little irone pinne or pegge ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Sundrye Instrumentes necessarie for the Eyes The Declaration of the Characters contaynede in the Figure which demonstratethe vnto vs the meanes how we ought and shoulde make a restauratione of a humeralle dislocation by the meanes of an Instrumente callede Glossocomium which Hippocrates calleth Ambi. A The extended Arme on the Glossocome or Ambi The Eare of the Ambi vvhich houldeth faste shutte the superioure parte of the shoulder because shee shoulde not stirre C C The Ligatures vvhich firmelye contayne the Arme leaste that he shoulde glide from the Instrumente D The pilare vvhereon the Instrumente Ambi restâ—th and playeth vvhen vve lifte the same vp and dovvne E E Thre feete of the foote of the Instrumente to cause the Instrumente one a boarde to stand steadefastlye vvithout motione The scrues or vises vvhich fasten the feete Declaratione of the Characters contaynede in the Glossocome or Ambi the same beinge taken a sunder The Instrument Ambi beinge disamountede taken a sunder H The Eares betvveene the vvhich the superioure parte of the Arme is situatede The end of the foresayede Instrumente The eminence of The InstrumeÌ„te Ambi vvhich muste be collocatede in the Pillare The splitte or clefte of the Pillare The pegg vvhich fastenethe the Instrumente in the pillare The pillare O O The three feete of the standarde The hole vvhich is in one foote The serve or vise vvhich is thrust therein to cause cause the foote to be helde faste agaynst a boarde Declaratione of the Characters contaynede in the Cassolle or Case necessarye to laye a brockene legge therin A The occluded case ThÃ© shuttinge of the sayede case vvherin the heele is layede leaste he shoulde beare to much vvayght C C C The vvinges of the case or canal vvhich through little ioynctes doe revolve open shut themselves E The little vvinges vvhich doe also open shutt throughe little hinges D The separations vvhich are in the vvinges being of tvvo peeces * * * The ioynctures vvhich are one the vvinges F F The latches vvhich passe throughe the Eares G G The eares through the vvhich the latches passe H H The Buckles through vvhich the latches passe I T T The foote of the Cassole or Canal M The extremity of the sayede foote vvhich passeth throughe tvvo little mortayses The morrayces or ioynctes O O The aperre or open case or canal A place vvherein the heele is situatede Q Q Q The Winges R The place of separatione in tvvo peeces * * * * * The ioynctes throughe the vvhich the foresayede vvinges doe revolve opeÌ„ shutt themselves S The foote The botome on the vvhich the afflictede foote taketh his repose X The vvinges of the sayede foote Y The end or extremitye therof vvhich passeth through little mortayses vvhich are on the vvinges DeclaratioÌ„ of the Characters which are contaynede in the brokene legge with the bandages there of a Demonstrate the brokene Legge The vulneratione of the bullete vvhich hath brokene the Legge c Apettione vvhich throughe the bullete vvas made on the other syde in the issue thereof * * * * * A ligature three times dubble 1 1 1 1 1 The first dubble beinge devidede in three 2 2 2 2 2 The seconde dubble cut in three 3 3 3 3 3 The thirde dubble ligature partede in three All these foresayede dubble Ligatures are revolutede first the one then the other smoothlye and evenlye situainge of the same and then they are each aparte vvith the poyncte of a needle fastened according to the situatione or collocatione of the Legge The end of the foure portrayctures of mans bodye and of the Vaynes vvhich are most commonly phlebotomizede and allsoe of the the saurarye or storehouse of the Instrumentes of Chyrurgerie ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ Canalle which is open and shutt The summary of the

he sittiÌ„ge or lyinge in as much as is possible as he vvas vvheÌ„ he receaved the shott Why the vvound must bedilated Novve beinge in such a situatione vve are first of all counceled if soe be the vvouÌ„de be narrovve as alsoe all auncieÌ„te ChyrurgiaÌ„s teache ' vve must as theÌ„ dilate the vvouÌ„de because the bullet or that vvhich is therin may have a free passage for ther is nothinge that causeth more in flammatione then dilaceratione or tearinge of the fleshe vvheÌ„ as vvith violence vve seeke to dravve out anye thinge out of the vvouÌ„de vvherfore it is better to make the dilatatione vvith a little rasore then vvith violeÌ„ce to teare op the vvouÌ„de further vve must note that in the dilatiÌ„ge of the vvouÌ„de vve chaunce not to hurte anye synnues vaynes or arteryes the vvhich if you perceave you shall eschevve avoyde theÌ„ or vvith a little blunte hoocke pluk them one the one syde proceede betrvvixt them as Celsus in his 5 cap. of his seaveÌ„th booke teacheth vs. After that vve sufficieÌ„tlye dilate the vvouÌ„de vve must them search for the bullet or that vvhich is shot in the vvounde The secoÌ„de instructione feele first of all vvith your finger if it be possible as vvith out doubt it is the beste searchinge iron in feelinge vve must coÌ„sider vvhat vvay the bullet hath taken if it be deeper theÌ„ the length of your finger as then vve must vse ther vnto the common searchinge iron vvhich must be reasonable thick and at the lovver end verye rovvnde for if soe be it be to sharpe pearceth and goeth betvveene tvvo muscles vvith out follovvinge that vvay vvhich the bullet vveÌ„t VVhen as therfore vve have certaynlye fovvnde out the bullet The thirde instruction the thirde instructione is that vve dravve him forthe to the effectinge of the vvhich ther is nothiÌ„ge surer theÌ„ to dravve him throughe the same place by vvhich he entered especiallye vvheÌ„ he hath not penetrated to deepe or passed throughe anye greate vayne arterye or synnue because the vvay is allreadye made vvherfore vve neede not make any other inscisione Amongst all instrumeÌ„ts vvhich ever I have vsed I have conteÌ„ted my selfe best In scisione one the contrarye syde vvith that instrumeÌ„te vvhich vve call the spoonevvyse or spoonefashoned bullet dravver because this instrument may both be vsed fore a searge iron a bullet extractor alsoe soe that as soone as vve heervvith feele the bullet vve may alsoe at that time plucke him out but pearcinge verye deepe one the coÌ„trarye syde is little substaÌ„ce vvithout greate vaynes vve vvith our fingers may feele the bullet it is theÌ„ better rather couÌ„celed ther to make an apertione namelye on the coÌ„trary syde of the entraÌ„ce of the bullet then to dravve the same by the vvay vvhich he entrede consideringe the greate distaÌ„ce and space throughe vvhich he beinge dravvne backvvardes must of necessitye passe bye as alsoe the payne is farre greaater vvheÌ„ vvith the bullet vvith the instrumeÌ„t the vvouÌ„de internallye coÌ„meth to teare bruse the Fleshe theÌ„ vvheÌ„ by inscisione vve dilate the vvouÌ„de by vvhich shee is alsoe sooner cured because that vvhich is cutt more re easier sooner is healed then that vvhich through dilaniatione is vvounded and if it be possible the foresayed inscisione muste be made right vnder the bullet but soÌ„vvhat greater then the bullet because theÌ„ vve neede not dravve him forth vvith anye violeÌ„ce doe not chaunce to lacerate the vvouÌ„de This beinge in this sorte finished vve shall finde the bullet a great deale neerer vnto vs more easyer to be dravvne therout vvithout passinge by to great tedious a vvaye in the dravvinge forth of that vvay by the vvhich he entered Vtilitye of inscisione yea vvhich is more the vvounde vvil a greate deale sooner be cured and vvith lesse daunger the vvounde havinge tvvo issues to vvit the one vnder the other above partlye because shee may receave the remedyes the better as alsoe coÌ„sideringe the matter vvhich one both sydes hath her issue vvhich othervvyse might be retayned collect or gather it self together in the bottome of the vvounde As soone as the bullet is dravveÌ„ forthe vve must shevve it the patiente because he may be ioy full gladde to be released of that vvhich vvas such a molestatione trouble vnto him and vvas cause of so greate payne and by the vvhich he might have gone so lange a time vvith payne vvithout beinge therof cured vve must endevoure by all meanes ether by dravvinge him forth throughe his entraÌ„ce or else throughe the coÌ„trarye syde of the vvounde vvell knovvinge hovve to effecte this dravvinge vvith all fitnes convenieÌ„ce because vve shoulde not forsake the vvouÌ„ded nether discourage him throughe our longe operatione or vvorkinge effecte that alsoe vvith the least payne possible because that the payne of the vvounded patient therbye vvhich is greate might not be encreased Instructione hovve to vvorke vvyselye for it is to greate a shame to bringe a vvounded person vvhich bath enoughe to suffer into greater sufferaÌ„ce payne vve must alsoe dilligentlye note that vve doe not bye anye meanes hurte anye particulare parte and especiallye the greate vaynes arteryes or synnues or anye other vitall partes one the vvhich vve must have an especiall eye and care for it vvoulde be to greate a disgrace shame thinckinge to dravve forth the bullet to doe more harme theÌ„ if the bullet hadde stayed therin What soÌ„times deceaveth the Chyrurgyane VVe are ofteÌ„ times deceaved nether caÌ„ vve alsoe finde the bullet because he is clothed vvith cotten vvith vvolle or vvith anye other parcells of apparrel vvhich the fâ—re sayed bullet carryeth into the bodye vvith him or else because the fleshe or the Membranes vvhich are brused or vvith violence of the bullet have binne reÌ„te cover the foresayed bullet It is alsoe somtimes evident that the foresayed bullet erreth froÌ„ his right vvay chaunceth to come somvvhether a syde into some other parte yet notvvithstaÌ„dinge havinge in the passage met vvith anye bone is for all that removed into some other place as betvveene anye muscles betvveene any MeÌ„branes or betvveeÌ„ anye ligameÌ„tes vvherfore the Chirurgiane not findinge of the same searchinge for him accordiÌ„ge to the rectitude of the vvoude must turne vvinde the instrumeÌ„t one all sydes feele vvith his haÌ„des one the out syde not onlye the vvouÌ„ded parte but alsoe the circumiacent places because therbye he might knovve vvhether that the bullet might be suÌ„cke vvhich he shall discerne and marke ether coÌ„sideringe anye payne spaÌ„ninge of the skinne hardnes or throughe anye blevvnes or cerulitye vvhich coÌ„monlye is noted seene aboute that vvouÌ„ded parte vvher the bullet is coÌ„vayed suncke VVe must also dilligeÌ„tlye note that vvheÌ„ as vve thincke to have founde the bullet vve doe not rashelye make an inscision before vvea are certifyed of the

retayne the Dura Mater and administer life and nurture vnto her But if it soe chaunced that the fracture chaunced to be one the suture vve must then applye the trepane on both the sydes of the suture vvith out in the least touchinge of her for if soe be vve trepane but on the one syde onlye and not at the other syde of the suture it vveare then impossible that the bloode or matter should have at that hole anye issue or passage the membrane beinge betvvixt them both nether may vve trepane on the fontanelle or openinge of the heade in yonge Children because that ther tendere imbicillitye as yet is notable to suffer and abyde the trepane The inferior or descending partes of the sculle are not convenient or fitt to be trepaned because the braynes throughe ther ponderousnes might chauÌ„ce to sincke therout or the membranes throughe the apertione might chaunce to be extruded But if soe be vve vveare vrged ther vnto vve must make but a verye smalle apertione VVe ought in noe vvyse to trepane the temples of the heade We may not trepane the temples of the heade because vve shoulde not hurte the temporalle muscle consideringe divers synnues arteryes and vaynes vvhich are therin divided and entermingled throughe the vvhich there might be caused to greate payne fluxione of bloode agues Spasmus and the patient might chaunce to dye Because that ther vnder the bone called Os petrosum is situated and that consideringe the movinge and stirringe in the temporall muscle vvhich happeneth in speakinge or eatinge the vvouÌ„de might be farre more daungerous and Hippocrates alsoe sayeth that the inscisione of the same muscle might be cause of a greate and villanouse distortione out of the vvhich one the same syde a Paralisis on the other a coÌ„vulsione of synnues might chaunce to ensue Nether ought vve to trepane that parte of the sculle a little above the eye brouvves because in this place ther is a greate concavitye fylle of ayre and vvhite slimye mye humiditye of nature in that place coÌ„stituted ordayned to paepare the ayre vvhich asceÌ„deth vp to the braynes the vvhich indeed is vvorthye to be knovvne observed because that the Chyrurgiane might not in anye sort be deceaved takinge the foresayed concavitye to be a depressione of the bone vvhich needes must be trepaned if it so chaunced that anye of these foresayed partes vveare brokeÌ„ as are the temples of the heade vve ought then to applye the trepane a little above the teÌ„porall muscle Vve may not trepane that bone above the eyebrovves if soe be that the part or portione of the sculle be broke a little above the eyebrovves vve must as then make choyse of that parte of bone vvhich boundeth on the fracture as above in the fooreheade it is right true that if so be the foresayed bones vveare depressed and crushed that as theÌ„ vve ought to elevate them and if they be cleane separated vve as then must plucke them out in like sorte as vve must doe in the sutures The sutures and temples of the heade may sometimes be trepaned Yet consideringe all this vve are ofteÌ„times compelled constrayned to trepane in all places of the scull The vvhich a renoumned experte Chyrurgiane called Andreas a cruce confesseth often times to have done vvithout anye daunger And I dare my selfe bouldlye affirme that I in the yeares of 1591 1592 have my selfe trepaned and have seene others trepane in the foresayed prohibited places as one the sutures and one the temples of the heade Notvvitstandinge I vvould councell the yonge Chyrurgiane that in as much as is possible he avoyde eschevve the trepaninge of these places but rather make choyse of anye other parte vvhich parte may be a little descendinge because havinge made the apertione the bloode the matter all impuritye might therout have ther free passage Consideringe in the dayes vvhich goe before and vvhich conseqventlye follovve after the trepaninge on the singularitye and vvorthines of tvose partes vve must commaunde the afflicted and vvounded persone that in all thinges he vvilbe sober and observe a good diet both in etinge and drinckinge abstayninge especiallye from vvine and phlebotomye as much as is needfull because that the humors shoulde not concurre vnto the vvouÌ„ded parte and that alsoe vve keepe his heade vvarme vvith light coveringes of the heade because coulde is a greate enymye vnto the braynes all synuis he partes â§ What qvantitye or vvhat bignes of the bone in trepaninge vve must take out Chap. 5. WE must in the firste accordinge vnto the quantitye Hovv greate the apertione must be for to trepane and bignes of the bone vve purpose to take out make an apertioin the skinne denudate the foresayed sculle Therfore if so be ther be noe vvounde nor anye apertione and the skinne externallye as yet vnhurte this shall as theÌ„ be the convenientest apertione vvhich vvith handes may be made vvhich vve shall make vvith tvvo crossevvyse overthvvarte inscisiones in such a forme as this in the margine demonstrateth vnto you or els in forme of a borghondiane crosse vvhich in his middle praesenteth four corners In somuch therfore as if the hurte have made a vvounde and inscisione in the skinne vve must suffise our selves thervvith vvith such as it is if soe be she be thervnto fit and apt making an other transversall inscisione namelye overthvvarte the vvounde because these tvvo as then may present one But if soe be the vvounde be verye ample large vve must as then onlye cutt the skinne one the one syde begiÌ„ninge the same in the middle of the vvounde because soe the vvounde may present this letter T in the vvhich vvilbe but tvvo corners These foresayed inscisions are cenvenientest done for the inflammations The inscisione must be done before the inflammatione But if soe be vve perceave the vvounde to be large enoughe to give place vnto the trepane or anye other instrumente vvhatsoever vvhervvith vve might endevoure and seeke to elevate and restore agayn the broken or depressed bones in so much as if ther be anye vve must thervvith content our selves exstendinge the foresayed vvounde at the first vvith linte vvith little plumaceoles therof being made and therin crushed on allsydes corners of the vvounde But in vvhat sorte or fashone soever vve make our inscisione in the skinne vve must allvvayes note that vve doe not suffer anye portione of the Pericranium to remayne one the sculle vvhich vnder the skinne decketh and covereth the vvhole sculle because if so be the foresayed membrane Pericranium vveare per happes torne vvith the teeth of the trepane might be the cause of greate inflammatione payne and agues vvher fore it is better that vve cleane and vvholye separate it from the sculle vvhich beinge done vve must then damme stoppe vp the vvounde vvith vvhite linte by the vvhich the next day ensuinge vve shall finde the vvounde vvide open

The patieÌ„t beinge in this manner situated vve must note in vvhat place the inscisione might easyest vvith most convenieÌ„ce be do ne to vvitt thre fingers bredth vnder the navell dravvinge ether tovvardes the left syde or tovvarde the right but not lineallye right forth betvveene the navell the privityes be cause vve must eschevv and avoyde the vvhyt lyne vvhich in this place is situated the endes of the muscle Epigastri alsoe the synnuis he teÌ„donousnes of the right muscle Excellent consideration because these vvouÌ„ded or hurt might suscitate cause great payne vvith manye other dauÌ„gerous accideÌ„tes vvherfor they difficultlye vvilbe cured vvhen as fayne vve vvould heale vp the vvounde Havinge noted all this the Chirurgiane must vvith his left hande his servant vvhich assisteth him nype in the length the one on the one syde and the other one the other syde first of all the skinne the incarnate or fleshye paÌ„nickle of this syde to lift it vp cut it clean through overthvvarte vnto the muscles vvhich beinge effected they must lett the foresayed elevated skiÌ„ne pannickle fall agayne And to finnish the rest of our operatione convenientlye fitlye after this first in scisione because the fore sayed skinne may fall agayne one the inscisione vvhich inscisione must alsoe bedone in the muscles and in the Peritoneo to stoppe them to prevent the runninge forth of the vvater then vve shall lift vp the foresayed skinne vve must agayne lift vp vvith the hande the skinne the fleshye pannickle and then as high as is possible follovve the fibers of the muscles vve must easylye thruste in the crooked lancet cut throughe the muscles and Peritoneum as broade as vve are vvonte to make the apertione in bloode lettinge or phlebotomye dilligentlye notinge that vve nether touch anye vaynes noe guttes or any other parte vvhich is situated in the coÌ„cavitye of the bellye Novv therfore to effect this vve may vvith great coÌ„venieÌ„ce dexteritye in steade of the crooked lancet vse our punctuall instrumeÌ„t heere before discribed defigured the inscision novv beinge done vve must thrust cleane through the inscidede skinne the fleshye pannickle the muscles and throughe the throughe cut Peritoneum in to the concavitye of the bellye a goulden The vse of the pipe or silver pipe as thicke as a qville or shaft vvhich must have a broade end that nothinge chauÌ„ce to slippe betvveene into the concavitye of the bellye and therone a little string or threde tyed by the vvhich foresayed pipe the vvater must be tapped as it vveare dravvn out but not all at once but by degrees not to superfluos at one time but on divers dayes to vvitt so longe till nature beinge released lighted of her pack or buttheÌ„ vvhich mitigatinge this evacuatione governinge of the forces accordiÌ„ge to the fortitude of the patient vvhich vve may knovve by feelinge of the Puls Because there are some vvhich havinge made to great an evacuatione at one time have alsoe evacuated the vitall and livinge spirites vvhich vveare therin inclosed and finally have caused the patieÌ„t his death VVheÌ„ as therfore vve shall have dravven vvater enoughe of at one time vve must then stoppe the pipe vvith a tente of linneÌ„ or vvith a tent of sponge to retayne the rest of the vvater lay theron a great plaster of Diacalcitheos some there are vvhich dravve out the pipe and let the vvounde vvhich is in the muscles and in the Peritoneo the skinne and the lippe of the vvouÌ„de vvhich before the inscisione vvas niped and lifted vp because that the foresayed vvounde might thervvâ— be stopped and covered Novv certaynlye to retayne and keepe backe the vvater Mr. Floris Phillippes Practise of Mr. Floris Philippes a renoumned Chyrurgian at Orleans a verye renoumned Chyrurgiane at Orleans sticketh his needle qvite throughe both the lippes of the vvouÌ„de comprehendinge sufficient qvaÌ„titye of skinne vvherin he letteth his needle sticke as vve are vvonte to doe in the harâ— mouthes and vvindeth his threde rovvnde aboute the needle vvhervvith he contayneth houldeth the lippes close together soe that there may not one droppe of vvater passe forth and vvhen he desireth to dravve or tappe more vvater therout he then vnvvyndeth his needle openeth the lippes of the vvounde vvithout dravving the threded needle ther out VVhilest that these thinges are this doinge vve must strengthen the patient vvith good cibaries and foode vvhich easilye may be chaunged in to bloode lett him soe rest vntill the next day on vvhich day if soe be he be stronge enoughe vve must yet dravve of some more qvantitye of vvater ether through the dravvinge out of the tente vvhervvith the pipe is stopped vvhen as vve put the pipe therin or vvith the elevatione of the skinne vvhervvith the apertione is covered vvith out puttinge the pipe anye more therin if soe be there can issue anye vvater out allvvayes egallinge or proportioninge the qvantitye of vvater vvith the forces and strengthe of the patient and in this manner must vve proceede in the dravving or tappinge of the vvater Others there are vvhich in the opening of the belly lay ther one a carrosive Corrosive vvith inscisione in the Escara vvher by the skinne is bitten corroded through theÌ„ they make an inscisione throughe the Escara vnto the concavitye of the bellye makinge a verye smalle apertione throughe the vvhich the vvater shall droppingly distill forth havinge dravven therout sufficieÌ„t vvater enoughe theÌ„ they stoppe it vvith scraped linte vvhich vvhen they are desirous to dravve more vvater therout they theÌ„ remove take it of Yet ther are others vvhich after the inscisione of the foresayed Escara thrust therin a little pipe therebye to dravve the vvater out as vve have above sayed Others set there on divers and sundrye corrosives on the place of the liver Applications of divers corrosives and of the milt penetratinge nothinge deeper then the skin inâ—tatinge therin the doctrine of the auncieÌ„t professors vvhich vveare vvoÌ„t sometime to apply nine at once Others make small inscisions like vnto little scarifications one the sydes of the bellye or els they lift vp the skinne thrust there throughe a needle vvith a silke thred vvhich threde they suffer to continue therin The navell vvhich heaveth vp it selfe may be pricked thorough And consideringe that oftentimes in those vvhich are troublede vvith the dropsy there navell heaveth vp it selfe yea and somtimes as bigge as an egge vvhich standeth as cleere as if it vveare a blather vvith vvater there throughe I have seene to be dravvne a silke or vvotleÌ„ threde by the vvhich the patient perceaved great ease consideringe the great qvantitye of vvater vvhich through this apertione is droppinge vvyse runne out Allsoe beyonde all this are the legges the hippes and the Scrotum often times svvollen for the vvhich there is noe better remedye theÌ„ that vve scarifye them throughe

great hast have rushed therout vvithout anye remedy hovve to restraygne them Novv perfectlye to knovve such a svvellinge and to discerne it from other tumefactioÌ„s Signes of this tumefactioÌ„ vve must observe that in this tumefactione ther is a continuall reverberatioÌ„ the foresayed tumor beinge of one coloure vvith the skinne hovve great or smalle the inflatione be it is alsoe teÌ„der and soft in the touchinge of the same glidinge avvay vnder the finger vvhen as vve depresse it yea and almost throughe the foresayed depressione vvholye vanisheth out of our sight considering the bloode of the vitall spirites vvhich through the foresayed depressioÌ„ are crushed in the arterye vvherfore they alsoe as passinge throughe a little apertioÌ„ vvhich violence do make a noyse or sovvnde vvhich havinge taken avvay and removed the finger immediatlye shoote agayne in ther foresayed concavitye as alsoe agayne in ther forth comminge of the foresayed angust apertione vve may heare a certayne sovvnde vvhich coÌ„monlye chaunceth vvhen as this Aneurisma is caused throughe an Anastomosis and not of anye vvounde because the Orificium beinge apert the vitall spirites as being most subtile are before the bloode driven out soe that the vvhole tumefaction is almost replete vvith vitall spirites But if soe be the Arterye be burste there as then issueth much bloode therout vvhich bringeth in the tumefaction more blood theÌ„ vitall spirites vvherfore alsoe it is more obdurate and harder and the sayed bloode coagulateth and therin rotteth and corrupteth As much as concerneth the curatione of this tumefactione it consisteth onlye Curation of Aneurisma in the bindinge of the foresayed arterye and especiallye the same beiÌ„ge somvvhat thicke for they vvhich are greate and especiallye the arteryes of the necke the arme pittes or of the flanckes may or can in noe sorte be tyed because it is impossible to finde them make them bare and if vve allsoe make an inscisione therin ther then follovveth such a quantitye of bloode and of the vitall spirites that most commoÌ„lye the patient dieth vnder the handes of the Chyrurgiane That arterie vvhich is situated in the bendinge of the arme may easilye be cured Of an arterye vvhich of the Author vvas tyed above the Aneurisma as out af this subsequent historye vve may note My lorde of Maintenon desired me to visite the sonne of my lorde of Belleville vvhich throughe phlebotomy in the bendinge of his arme had gotten a little Aneurisma vvhich through continuance of time is grovven as greate as a fiste vvherin in the ende the bloode vvhich therin vvas included coagulated so that in the foresayed tumefaction Aneurisma ther came a corrupting and rottennes vvhich he one the out syde of the foresayed skinne of the svvellinge he espyede vvhich from the vitall and livinge coloure vvas chaunged into a blacke and purple coloure vvherebye alsoe ther vvas an apertione caused in the skinne To the remedyinge and curinge of the vvhich especiallye the superfluous effluxione of bloede vvhich might therof ensue the losse alsoe of the vitall spirites if soe be the apertioÌ„ as yet vveare dilated I as then councelled the Physitions and Chyrurgians to praevent farther evells that vve ought to tye binde the Arterye vvhich vvas situated and his place in the bending of the arme somvvhat higher then the Aneurisma to the vvhich opinion propositione in the end they all consented agreed The vvhich alsoe vvith happye successione of all causes vvas brought to passe in the praesence of the vvorpshipfull master Drovet Doctour of Physicke at Beauvais and of the Chyrurgiane dvvellinge at Avet vvhich vveare come thether to cure him On vvhat sorte the Aucthor tyed this Arterye First of all I coÌ„sidered on the arterye in the vppermost and inner parte of the fore arme as shee from above desceÌ„deth vnder the armpittes vnto the beÌ„dinge of the arme three fingers bredth therabove on the vvhich place vvhen I had seene and fixede myne eyes therone I made an inscisione in the skinne according to the length therofe vvhich lay opened right above the Arterye vvhere by tacture vve might feele her vvhich vvhen I had found and discovered her I thrust a crooked needle thervnder vvherin vvas a stroÌ„g threde vvhere vvith I tyed the foresaeyde Arterye vvith a dubble knott this beinge done I took avvay and purifyed all the congealed or coagulated bloode all other impuritye out of the vvounde or svvellinge and have vvashed the same vvith Aqvavitae Remedye agaynst the putrefactione in the vvhich I mixed a little Aegyptiacum by this means to cleanse it the better from all putrefactions and the patient is vvithin a moneth therafter ensuinge vvholye cured and grovvne sovvnde vvith out retayninge any lamnes in his arm vvherin I my selfe have vvondered If soe be that in anye other externall parte there chaunced to come any Aneurisma into the Chyrurgians handes he must then knovv that allvvayes for certayntye he shall finde the arterye in her vppermost parte or discover and bare her soe bynde and tye her vvith out anye more ceremonies â§ Of the Cirsotomia that is of the manner howe we ought to cutt of the varices Chap. 7. Discriptione of a Varice VArices or burstene vaynes are troublesome because of ther greatnes their extracting thicknes and their gibbositye above ther nature property VVherfor ether because they cause payne and hinder the actione of that parte or els because they soacke in some certayne vlceratione vvith some humiditye vvherby she can not be cured vve are vrged to open them and cut themof Curation of a Varice or els vvith some actuall cauterye to cauterize them soe consume and bringe them to nought To vvhich purpose the auncient professors Councell of the auncient professors for the curinge of the Varices have ordayned that vve should cut out and cleane take avvay those vvhich lye croockedlye and dubbelye foulded in divers rovvnde revolutions or els lye intangled the one vvith the other But before vve proceede to such an operatione it is necessarye that first of all vve bath that part vvith hott vvater to cause the grosse bloode somvvhat to separate and vvexe or grovve subtile and the vaynes to svvel and exalt themselves But the most gentlelest remedye is that vvhich daylye vve vse vvhich is the simple apertione and inscisione of the foresayed Varices at one tvvo or thre places as if vve intended to phlebotomize makinge the apertion somvvhat greater and larger therin because of the grosse melancholicke bloode vvhich vve desire to let therout Throughe vvhich foresayed apertione vve extracte as much bloode as vve suppose to be goode and sufficient or els as much as the patient caÌ„ abide one vvhich foresayed apertione vve must lay compresses vvhich therone vve must binde as vve are commonlye vsed to doe one the vaynes vvheÌ„ as vve have phlebotomised prohibitinge the patient not to stirre or goe vvhich sayed Varices if so be they chaunced to svvell agayn

therafter vvill separate the corrupted bone froÌ„ the sovvndebone engendringe betvveeÌ„ them bothe a tenerouse fleshe vvhich by little little hardeneth as if it vveare Pomgranate-kernelles vvhich foresayed fleshe vve oftentimes may see grovve cleane throughe the corrupted bone that in such sorte as the smalle tender grasse grovveth through the grovvnde as theÌ„ is the suppuration matter goode laudable vvhyte or reddishe coloured and vvithout stincke And vve must heere alsoe farther note that the Chyrurgian may somtimes gentlely move the corrupted bone being cauterized stirre it because nature ther through may be opitulated vnto the separatione of the cauterised bone and the foresayed bone lyinge soÌ„vvhat raysed may be lifted on highe because as theÌ„ it houldeth fast noevvhere but vve may not vvith any violeÌ„ce take the same therof for in soe doing the sovvnde bone before coÌ„pletlye it be covered vvith fleshe might chaunce of the ayre to be agayne infected and corrupted The Cauterization must be reiterated Nether is it sufficieÌ„t that once vve apply the Cauterye theron but must divers sundrye times doe the same nether must it be glovvinge or red hott but reasonable hott removinge of the forsayed cautery froÌ„ one place of the bone to the other or houldiÌ„g of the same in one place vntill the place be throughlye vvarmed What vve ought to doe in a deep Caries The corruptioÌ„ therfore or Caries being very deep vve must them trepane or boare it vvith a perforative Trepane vnto the sovvnd bone or vvith the small grounde dravver make divers hoales therin the one close to the other of an aeqvall depth also as the corruption of the bone is in vvhich trepaned hoales vve must as theÌ„ apply some little hott actuall cauteryes because the foresayed bone ther by may be throughlye dryed By this operation the corrupted bone vvill separate it selfe froÌ„ the sovvnde bone as heertofore vve have sayed If soe be that the vvhole substaÌ„ce of the bone be corrupted corroded vve must then vvholye remove take the same a vvay A historye of Albucasis As Albucasis to this purpose reciteth a memorable history of on vvhome at three suÌ„dry times he tooke avvay allmost the vvhole shinne bone dividing also the operation in thre sundrye aeqvall times because the patient vvas not able to tollerate soe greate payne because of his great imbicillitye alsoe because Albucasis feared least that vnder his haÌ„des he should have diede because through certayne evacuations he allvvayes fell into great fayntnes but in the end vvas perfectlye cured and in place of bone ther ingendred in the place a harde carnositye vvhich so miraculouslye fortifyed from day to day that he during some continuance of time therafter coulde agayne couragiouslye goe one that legge VVheÌ„ as therfore it is reqvisite to applye the foresayed actuall Cauterye one anye certayne place vve must dilligentlye consider hovv vve might liberate defende The circumiaceÌ„t partes of the vlceration must be freede the circumiaceÌ„t partes of the Vlceratione least they be touched of the cautery vvhich vve may vvith most convenieÌ„ce doe vvith some certayne plasters becaus nether the fatt nor any other ebullient humiditye vvhich through the calliditye or heate of the cauterye might chaunce to runne therout one the selfe same circumiaceÌ„t partes of the vlceratioÌ„ that therby they chaunced not to be burned seared vvhich vvould be the cause of greate payne and doloure Novv therfore to correct cure the Caries or corruptioÌ„ of bones ther are divers Chyrurgianes of our times age in place of the actuall Cauterye vse the potentialle Divers remedyes agaynst the Caries amongest the vvhich the oyle of vitrioll is in the most cheefest in like sort alsoe the oyle of franckinseÌ„ce vvhich of divers Chyrurgians is highlye commended and esteemed Of the Fistel of the Fundament Chap. 2. ANd because vve have not heer intended generally to vvrite of al fistles to discours of theire matter conditions vvhat partes be therof polluted of their occasiones signes prognosticationes of the remedyes of theire cures it seemed expedient vnto me breefelye to shevve the meanes to cure those vvhich reveale demoÌ„strate theÌ„selves in the Fundament that especiallye through a convenient handlinge Intention of the Aucthor or operatione of Chyrurgerye vvhen as shortlye and breeflye I shall have taught in vvhat sorte vve may best and easyest knovve them Those Fistles vvhich are ingeÌ„dred in the fundament are of divers sundry sortes for some of theÌ„ are occulte others patefyede the occulted are soe called because vve noe vvher externally espye them and internally in the foresayed fundament The fistles of the fuÌ„dament are ether-hidden or aperte or excrementall gutt have theire apertioÌ„ issue in the muscle Sphincter vvhether they be situated vpvvardes or dovvnvvardes or any vvher one the syde adioninge vnto any of the tvvo buttockes VVhich allthoughe vve can not evidentlye perceave them yet may iudge that the foresayed partes are hurte or hiÌ„dered throughe the payne and throughe the stinckinge matter and humiditye vvhich issueth out of the foresayed fundament through the vvhich commonlye the shirtes of the patient are polluted throughe certayne vlcerations also vvhich before times in that parte they have hadde or through certayne internall hemorrhodes or through any inveterate vvouÌ„d vvhich vvas badly cured VVe may also somtimes see them vvithe our eyes through the Speculum Ani. The patefyed Fistles of the sudameÌ„t The patefyed Fistles are therfore soe called because immediatlye vvithout any dauÌ„ger vve may evidentlye see them Of the vvhich ther are some vvhich lye croocked and curved although they have but one apertion vvhich visiblye vve may see yet they have divers vvayes branches or cubicles like Conyeburrovves vvhich of theire patent Orificium in the bodye runne this vvay and that vvay vvhich vvith the searchinge iron somtimes vve may finde vvheÌ„ as vve thrust it this vvay or that vvay vvher vve feele it of his ovvne accorde to enter together also out of the great qvantity of matter vvhich daylye issueth therout vve may easylye iudge that the foresayed Fistle must needes have more concavityes then by the externall fistulouse apertione vve can iudge vvhich at somtimes is not greate Ther are alsoe some Fistles vvhich externallye have but one issue and doe not passe throughe the concavitye of the externall or arsegutt or through the muscle Sphincter as easyly throughe the privet or searchinge vve may perceave vvhen vve thrusting the same therin vve caÌ„ not anye vvher perceave it agaynst our fingers to the vvhich intent vve must thrust the same middle finger of the left hand in the fundameÌ„t for if it soe be that vve betvveen our finger and the privet feele anye thinge it is then a signe that it doth not pearce throughe but if vve feele it agaynst our finger it the pearceth throughe And novv as concerning the curation of the same A

amongste my Instrumentes of Chyrurgerie you shall finde them defigurede vnto you How we shoulde extirpate the superfluous corruptede fingers separate those which are growen conioynede together Chap. 6. The hand is an instrument of instrumentes THe hande vvhich is an instrumente of instrumentes is dividede in five fingers And it somtimes allso chaunceth that besydes the thumbe or the little finger ther grovveth a sixte finger vvhich is all carnall or fleshye or els composede of some smalle bones Yet is nether the one nor the other complet vvhether ye consider ether their figure or their magnitud greatnes as beinge agaynst the course of nature vvherthroughe they are an impediment to the actiones of the hand It may allso vvell chauÌ„ce the one finger of the hande to be pletterede vvithout beinge able to keepe the same from Gangraenatione Besydes this ther commethe in the endes of the fingers somtimes a certayn vlceratione Curation of the Panaris or Paronichia vvhich is callede Panaris or Paronichia The vvhich cause such vehemente payne throughe the venoumouse matter that therthroughe the bone corrupteth rotteth yea the inflammatione allso beginneth moste commonlye in the bone The vvhich to remedye before that the bone be corruptede vve muste make an inscision in the end of the finger according to the length therof begiÌ„ning at the extreameste end of the ioyncte vnto the bare bone because the venoumouse matter vvhich lyeth inclosede betvvene the bone and the pellicle vvhich covereth the same mighte have some or other issve The inscisione beiÌ„g done vve muste suffer it to bleede as longe till it of it selfe restraygneth stoppeth theÌ„ thrust the finger in good Aqvavitae vvherin vve must before dissolve a little Treackle And if so be notvvithstandiÌ„ge all these remedyes the finger as yet corrupted farther and must be extirpated vve may theÌ„ verye aptlye effecte the same vvith our rescindent or cutting pinsers vvhervvith vvithout great payne vve may vvith Hovv vve may remove the superfluous fingers one nipe clippe it of Ther are other vvhich lay the finger on a little blocke of vvoode as theÌ„ vvith a rasor hevv it of On this manner also vve may extirpate the superfluouse finger vvherin ther is anye bone And soe farre forth as if the fingers vveare from the nativitye and birth or through combustione or els throughe anye vlceratione healed and ioyned together vve must then vvith a rasor separate them the one from the other and accordinge to the length ther of cutt them asunder and then vvith an exsiccating plaster being separated cure theÌ„ and soe skinne them by vvhich meanes every finger vvill separatlye heale If soe be that there came anye vlceration in the finger after the vvhich there follovveth a deformed Cicatrice vvherthroughe the finger grovveth croocked VVe must then trye theron some mollifying remedyes to cause the finger thervvith to rectifye grovve straight And if soe be by noe meanes it vvilbe soe as it sometimes chaunceth vvhen the foresayed Cicatrice is great and inveterated ether the sinnues tendones or skinne have binne hurt vve must not therfore proceede vvith the same as a thinge vvhich is incurable for if soe be vve cutt ether the one or the other the finger therafter should nether be able to bende nor stretch out yet is it necessary that the bendinge proceede before the stretchinge out and the stretching out or rectifying of the same before the recurvatione soe that he shoulde allvvayes be right and verye inconvenient as beinge better that he be reasonable croocked then right because of the inconvenience vvhich ther throughe vve receave For vve supposinge to shut close the hande and to fasten on any thing this finger as then should stand right out But vvheÌ„ it is onlye the skinne vvhich maketh the Cicatrice throughe the vvhich the finger is recurved vve must then cleane cutt of the same for as it beinge harde callouse can not be throughe the finger erected and stretched forth Curation of a croocked finger Havinge therfor novv rectified this finger by this meanes vve as theÌ„ make a nve Cicatrice therone must note that in the generation of the foresayed Cicatrice the finger doe not chaunce to be agayn recurved or shrincke vp agayne A finger-case of lattinne or of silver to the praeveÌ„tiÌ„g of the vvhich I knovve noe better meanes after he be cured that ther one vve vveare a finger case of lattinne or of silver one the plaster one the combustion This fingercase must be covered vvith Taffatye or vvith anye other decent substance conveniently vvith a bande fastened above on the hande vvhich fingercase shall doe more commoditye helpe theÌ„ all the splintes vvhich vve might applye theron The thuÌ„be or the finger beinge vvholely lamed Ther happeneth alsoe a dissease cleane contrarye vnto all other disseases of the fingers especiallye in the thumbe having receaved therone a blovve on the Tendones vvherby the same is erected agayne the foresayed Tendones beinge cutt of can in noe sort be agayne elevated nether stretched forth vvherthroughe he lyeth in the hande immoveable and can not be stirred The same chaunceth alsoe in the hande havinge receaved anye vvounde in the hande one the Tendones or alsoe above the hande vvhere throughe the hande hangethe falleth dovvnevvardes as is she vveare paraliticke and of her selfe is not able to be lifted vp As touchiÌ„g therfore the thumbe the fingers vve must ether have a thumbcase or a finger case vvherthroughe they must be heaved vp And for the hande a glove vvherthroughe the hand may be helde vp VVhich in the boocke of Mr. Pare are discribed THE EIGHT TREATISE OF THE OPERATIone of Chyrurgerye wherin is discoursede and handelede of the Cauteryes and of the Setonne Contayninge five Chapiters VVhat a Cauterye is the Species and differences therof Chap. 1. Of the inventione vse of the Cauteryes in vvhat disseases and one vvhat places vve may applye them Chap. 2. Of the Potentialle Cauteryes and hovv vve should make them Chap. 3. On vvhat manner vve ought to applye the Potentialle Cauteryes Chap. 4. Of the Seton hovv vve ought to applye it Chap. 5. â§ What a Cauterye is of the Kindes differences therof Chap. 1. HAvinge vvith my selfe resolved purposed to vvrite soÌ„vvhat of the Cauteryes it is first expedient and necessarye that vve knovve vvhat a Cauterye is hovve manye kindes and Species therbe therof vvhat theire vse is on vvhat bodyes on vvhat disseases vve ought to applye them and the manner hovve vve shall applye the same The name of a Cauterye may be vnder stoode in tvvo sortes Therfore to vnderstande theire nature vve must first knovve vvhat vve by the name Cauterium vnderstande For it may be vnderstoode one tvvo sortes or vvayes Simplely and not Simplelye Symplely consideringe the instrument the Causticke matter vvhich adureth in anye parte as Galen in his sixt of the simples in his

conglutinateth vvith the guttes or entralles is a cause of the bloody flixe vvith payn vvith corrosioÌ„ you must theÌ„ vvith discretioÌ„ vse the urine expulsors or vrine provokiÌ„g remedyes because through the vse therof it expelleth the aaquosity throgh the vvhich othervvyse the forsayed viscouse tough Pituita might by chauÌ„ce have binne driven out so that thervvith it is made more viscouse and tougher then before for by hovv much the lesse any thick viscouse matter hath adioyned vnto it anye thinne humiditye by soe much it is the vvorse VVe permit some consideringe the imbicillitye of their stomackes to vse drincke a little astringent vvyne Medicamentes vvhich vve must eschevve Farthermore vve must bevvare and take heede of all sharpe mordicant medicamentes as Arsenicum Auripigmentum Antimonium Sal Gemmae manie other such like thinges that because of their to great suddayne evacuationes because they irritate provoacke the dissease Thirdlye vve must consider on the Liver especiallye on the stomacke because all those vvhich are afflicted vvith the bloodye flixe can digest noe viandes The specialle end must be the fluxione or the dissease it selfe The Scopus of the fluxione is to stoppe to diverte the concurrent humors but vve must in the first gentlely easilye reserate the same vvith such consideration as before vve have sayed least that in reseratinge of the same you increase the ague the vvhich vvith reason and experience may chaunce Remedyes vvhich may be taken out of the reason The remedyes vvhich may be taken out of the reason are ether externall or internalle The internall are ether simple or coÌ„povvnde Simple as Covvemilcke nue Egges vvith Masticke or vvith Ambergreece Poulder of sovver Mulberryes flovvers of Peatches fine Bolus Terra sigillata confited Nuttes Nuttmegges beinge thervvith intermixed Rhabarbarum so acked in PlaÌ„tine-vvater is alsoe hadde in greate estimatione or in the decoctione of Mirobalanes Syrope of dryed Roses Iulep of Roses Amongst the compounde Remedyes are the Trociskes of Diacorallum Dialectrum De Spodio vvith the iuyce of Endive of Cicorye more other VVe must alsoe content our selves in this dissease vvith sudoriferouse medicaments and vvith easye vomites because throughe diversityes vve may reserate retayne the fluxione This subseqvent poulder is oftentimes vvith great successe administred vsed the vvayght of a Crovvne vvith the yolcke of an Egge rum Boli Armeni terrae sigillatae lapidis Haematites ana drachmas duas picis navalis vnciam semis Coralli rub Margaritarum elect cornu Cervi vsti loti in aqva Plantaginis ana scrup duas Sacchari rosati vncias duas fiat omniuÌ„ pulvis subtilis capiat drachmam semis vel scrupulos duos mane Admonitione But to commit noe error at all vve must before the reseratione or before the vse of this poulder administer an ounce of Cassie by it selfe or vvith halfe a dragme of Rabarber or vvith an ovvnce of the double Catholicon vvith a decoctione of Plantine of Agrimonye Flovvers of Nenufarre InfusioÌ„ of Rubarbe vvith Tamariscus to the refrenatione or bridlinge of this furiouse humoure Or els vve must take a gentle infusione or expressione of Rubarbe made vvith Rosevvater addinge thervnto sixe dragmes or an ounce of Catholicon But besydes all this vve may not reserate restraygne this laske at the first as the common poeple suppose But amongst the externall remedyes Phlebotomye is verye commodiouse for the same but must alvvayes be effected vvith Knovvledge of the cause for that sometimes is more necessarye then all the other remedyes especilye vvhen as the intemperature beinge caused out of the Liver vrgeth vs thervnto but not heerby to debilitate the forces streÌ„gth of the Patient vvhich in this dissease reqvire to be firmed coÌ„forted Phlebotomye must be done vvith discretione the sayed phlebotomye must vvith all discretione be done because the Patient throughe the deprivatione of to greate a qvantitye of Bloode at one time might chauÌ„ce to be vvholye superated overcome and fall dovvne deade vnder his packe or burthen For it is knovvn vnto all men that the blood is the treasure of lyfe or the domicille habitatione of the soule Secondly vve may not in Phlebotomizatione be to timorouse fearfull for in place of Phlebotomye yeeldinge ayre to the Vaynes the ague chaunceth sometimes to coÌ„tinue increase alsoe the bloode also gettinge noe ayre is theÌ„ polluted vvith some sharpenes or venoumousnes vvhich therafter corrodeth consumeth the entralles The Patient is praeserved by his strengthe throughe goode nouriture feedinge vvhich is easye of digestione throughe the Cordialle corroboratinge medicamentes Amongst the astringent MedicameÌ„tes AstringeÌ„tia ther are the oyles of Quinces of Roses of Masticke oyle of Mirtles beinge intermingled vvith a little astringent poulder in like sorte ther are also confortative Playsters amongst the rest is the coÌ„fortative Plaster of Vigo vvhich vvith coÌ„sideratione must be vsed as before vve have sayed VVe may in this dissease alsoe vse some certayne fumigationes exsiccating LavameÌ„tes Those thinges vvhich are most belonginge to the dissease are the mundificationes and the coÌ„solidationes of the vlcerationes For the muÌ„difyinge of all vlcerationes is nothinge els theÌ„ to cure to exsicâ—te to coÌ„solidate theÌ„ VVher fore first of all vve must elavate the vlceratione vvith a clisterye and if the same be profovvnde deepe a little absterge the same mixinge thervnder some confortative thinges to fortifye strengthen the intestines VVhervnto as theÌ„ vve may vse mellifyed or Honyed-vvater Barlye-vvater vvith the yolkes of Egges Suger Honye of Roses vvith many other such like thinges beinge mixed thervnder and if soe be vve as yet desire more to mundifye the same vve must then vse the decoctione of vvheaten branne of Vetches and if soe be ther be calidity adioyned theruÌ„to vve must theÌ„ adde thervnto Sap of Roses of Plantine or iuyce of Night shade or Solatri Remedyes to consolidate the vlceratioÌ„s Touchinge the coÌ„solidatione that is effected throughe the providence of nature or vvith any incarnatinge medicameÌ„tes vvhich vve call Sarcotica Vnto coÌ„solidatione are foure thinges necessarye to vvitt the clisteryes of Plantine of Hogges grasse and of VVillovvleaves vnto the vvhich vve adde Goates suet Butter oyle of Roses or oyle of svveet Almondes vvhervvith the vlceratioÌ„s be internally annoyneted the punctione acuitye of the vlceration is somvvhat diminished vvhich coÌ„tinually soacketh theriÌ„ VVe may also verye fitlye mixe theramoÌ„gst the sealed earth Franckinsence Sangvis Draconis amongst manye other this one incarnateth very much to vvitt the Lachrima Thuris but vve must note that all these Poulders be verye diminutlye pulverisated least that in the vlcerationes of the entralles they chaunce to corrode bite Clisteryes made on divers fashones As touchinge the Clisteryes vve must at the first vse payne assvvaginge clisteryes as ther are those

his deathe allvvayes persuade themselves A foolish persuasioÌ„ that if the PatieÌ„t had binne in handes of theire Chyrurgiane he vvithout al doubte had not dyed although that theire Chyrurgian have experimented tried little or nothinge at all and is vvholy inexperte so that by continuance of time vve finde theÌ„ to doe or vvorck noe more miracles theÌ„ a common or lay man and also vvith noe more certayntye doctrine nor experience and oftentimes in their practise beinge at theire vvittes or councels end are constrayned to sue for succoure ayde of their companions or partakers Because therfore that in conseqvente times heerafter these fellovves should not vndeservedlye reape such honoure the aunciente Chyrurgianes might liberate free theÌ„selves from all calumnes of beinge ignoraÌ„t vvhich is layed to their charge and to reqvite and resolve the opinions of those mighty and poteÌ„tat Lordes vvith reason because therafter they doe no more blame and sclaunder the Chyrurgianes I vvill heere breeflye recite Some vvoundes are esteemed to be small vvhich indeede are great and daungerous the occasions of Death causinge them playnlye and evidently to vnderstaÌ„de that ther are some vvhich of a vvouÌ„d vvhich vve esteeme to be but small and of little regarde doe notvvithstanding dye yet of expert learnede men the same vvas esteemed and accounted for a perillouse vvounde And contrarilye some are cured of great vvoundes vvhich indeede vve esteeme to be but smalle and of little regarde and vvhich vvith all facilitye may be cured They can not cure all men Notvvithstandinge beinge impossible for the Chyrurgiane hovv erudite experte soever he be to cure all men althoughe at sometimes they be vvoundede vvith verye smalle vvoundes Novv therfore to returne to our discourse What is required to the resanatione of vvoundes vve must first of all knovve that to cure a vvoundede parte to restore agayne that person into his former accustomed estate of health thervnto are many thinges reqvired vvhich I heere normallye rightlye vvill prosecute First of all ther is the integrity force vigore of the vulneratede hurte parte or membre As evidentlye doe demonstrat vnto vs the aucthoritye reasone and experience For accordiÌ„g to the opinione and sentence of divine Hippocrates It is nature vvhich cureth all sicknesses and disseases sect 5. Epid. 6. The vvounded partes are infeebled ether coÌ„sidering the nature of their first conformation or throughe any accidentes chauncinge to the dissease or els because of any hurtes or shottes vvhich happen vnto the same vve may throughe their nature knovve theÌ„ vvhen as the head is to little for as then it is vvhole inconvenieÌ„t Or els to grosse and so vaste and ponderouse that becaus of the dissease the patieÌ„t is not able to beare vp the same right on his shoulders If so be it be perfectlye and completly rounde for in such a Heade is ether vvanting the anterioure A Heade noughtily formed or the posterioure future or both of theÌ„ together vvhich are the suspiracles through the vvhich nature disburseth her selfe of all superfluityes vvhich beinge therin contaynede they retardate the curatione of the vvounde And if it soe chaunced that the Heade of your vvounded vveare indecently formed the vvound seeminge to be small allthough indeede noe Capitalle vvoundes are to be esteemed smalle and the curation therof be tardife and the Patiente chaunce to dye therof vve ought not as then in anye sorte to attribute the faulte vnto the Chyrurgiane but to the badde formatione of that parte vvhich is hurte or vvounded VVe must alsoe vnderstande the same of the Breaste vvhich being anguste stricte sufficiently demonstrateth vnto vs that the harte and the naturall calor of the same are very feeble be cause the domicille of the harte the LuÌ„ges is to angustlye formed vvhich might be the cause that if any body being vvounded in such an angust stricte breaste shall vvith great difficulty receave agayn his health because the natural caliditye being in these partes feeble laÌ„guide shall not be able to surmount the Accidentes vvhich ordinarilye happen vnto such partes as difficulty of respiratioÌ„ through the oppression of the effuded blood in that part vvhich caÌ„ not be digested nor expelled ether by the Mouthe or through the vvouÌ„d that for vvante of naturall caloure vvhich coÌ„monly in such a stricte anguste Breast is very smalle Abadde formed Backe or Backebone The like may also be sayed of the Back of the Spina Dorsi or Backebone vvhich being soÌ„vvhat to loÌ„g as those vvhich coÌ„tumeliouslye diridingly vve call Elevenribbes because they have such huge and vaste long sydes vvherof vve neede not doubt but that such a Back or Backcbone is farre more debile then others therfore more apte and prone to receave anye vnnaturall humiditye vvherfor also in such vvouÌ„des there happeÌ„ great fluxioÌ„s betvveen the Muscles the skinn betvvixte the distaÌ„ces of the same becaus of the great quaÌ„tity of excremeÌ„tes vvhich have theire accourse out of the Braynes other partes of the body vvherby betvveeÌ„ the Muscles the distaÌ„ces of the same there sincke manye superfluous humors vvhich by consequeÌ„ce of time are chauÌ„ged into some venoumouse humiditye matter through the vvhich vve are soÌ„times coÌ„strayned to make some great apertione vvhich require a long continuance of time to the muÌ„difyinge therof vvholy to be cured yea soÌ„times also aulter chauÌ„g into fistles becaus of the tendernes softenes of the part vvhich caÌ„ not be shut nether through ligamentes reserated or coÌ„pressede as an arme or legg Hippocrates hath observed noted that betvvixte feeble A notable sentence diseased fleshe ther alvvayes desceÌ„deth siÌ„cketh a vvaterishe humudity vvhich easily can corrupt The small thinne Hippes vvhich are baddly formede Hern fashoned hippes legges vvherof vve commonlye say they goe one VVayghtes are vnder and above all most of aequall crassititude and thicknes coÌ„trary to those vvhich vve saye to be hipped legged or have a payere of goode stedfast stiltes vnder theÌ„ vvhich are vvel proportioned vvher of daylye experience teacheth vs that to our greate greefe and sorrovve that such persons ether being vvouÌ„ded in hippes in the legges or in the feete are subiecte vnto many and divers accidentes the vvoundes alsoe difficult to be cured muÌ„difyed Legges vvhich are of a difficulte resanatioÌ„ in the vvhich ofteÌ„times above the ordinary fluxioÌ„s therin engeÌ„dreth proude fleshe novve being as it vveare almost readye to be Cicatrizede can very difficultely be brought thervnto being cicatrized through anye small occasion bursteth open agayn And if so be the bones be offended or brokeÌ„ as then the Ioyncte most commonlye consumeth and vvithereth the health very retardately can be agayne restored Novv all this vvhich hath binn sayed The most truest assuredst signe of the imbicilitye of any part is

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