Name of a Church and boasted to be the Spouse of the Son of God to the utter exclusion of all others They have also gone further for besides the Heavenly Doctrine contained in the Gospel where they have taken occasion of raising disputes They have forged such as have been meerly humane concerning which there hath also been miserable Divisions And as though these Men had climbed up to Heaven to consult the very Mouth of God himself they have Preached up their Doctrines as Oracles and Fundamental Truths After which they have had no great trouble to engage their Followers to suffer the most cruel Torments and even Death it self in defence of their Opinion and after that have confidently enrolled them in their own Legend as Martyrs of Jesus Christ though they suffered only to advance the glory and reputation of some Arch-Heretique So God to chastize the rashness and confound the vanity of their thoughts has permitted that Division should ruine their work as heretofore it defeated the insolent designs of those who would erect the Tower of Babel After that we have once forsaken the Royal Road which God has prescribed us we run into all by paths and separate our selves one from another each of us fancying to be in the most commodious and safest way Can you likewise believe that a separation is sometimes made about Subjects not only light and trivial but in some sort ridiculous and which do redound to the shame of those who made them serviceable to the ends of their Schisme and Division What contentions have there not been among Christians namely on what Day the Celebration of Easter should be observed If in the Communion Bread leavened or unleavened should be made use of If the Body of Jesus Christ was corruptible after its conception or not If we may say that one of the Trinity was Crucified If the Church can condemn and excommunicate one that is dead If the Hallelujah might be Sung in Lent and other Questions of the like nature Behold here what are ordinarily the subjects which cause these most real calamities Behold that which separates those who with one consent should advance the glory of their common Master But to come to our times and more neerly to touch upon the evil which troubles us at present and which has given me occasion of laying open my sence to contribute to a Remedy Is it not a lamentable thing and of sad Example to see Christians so miserably divided as they are at this Day For to let pass the divers Sects of Christians which are in the East and who have more cause to grieve for their lamentable Divisions than for their miserable state under the rigorous Yoke of the Mahometans such are the Greeks of Armenia and Circassia the Nestorians Jacobites Maronites Cophtes Christians of St. Thomas c. People who are looked upon as Hereticks or Schismaticks and who believe that out of their particular communion there is no Salvation to be expected Let us insist only upon this deplorable condition of the Christians of Europe in these Countreys wherein we live There is no heart so hard that does not sigh to behold so strange a dis-union There is no truly Christian Soul that does not grieve to see the effects of the implacable sudes and hatreds which are amongst those who are looked upon as Brethren Since they are thereby exposed to the continual insolencies of the sworn Enemies of Christianity Since this great breach which is made in the Western Church by the separation of the Protestants from the Communion of the Church of Rome what Bloody Wars How many Murders and Massacres What changes and subversions is in States has there not been seen insomuch that they have not stuck to have recourse to the common Enemy to draw in succour against those with whom they should have entertain'd a true Brotherly affection And that which is most deplorable is that this division hath been followed by an infinite company of others and as a fruitful Mother hath produced an incredible number of Monsters which resemble it These two great Branches growing out one from the other have also sprouting out of them a vast company of lesser Branches which although not equal in strength bring forth fruits altogether as dangerous as their Mother Among Protestants how many several Sects in Germany in England in France in the Low-Countreys c. There needs but some diversity in the habits of Preachers some difference in the Ceremonies or in the Ornaments of Churches or of the Government thereof to form a Sect. A simple dissenting in the Liberty which every one gives himself of expounding according to his Fancy the misteries which are above his reach is sufficient to cause a separation The manner of explaining the subject of Predestination and oâ— Reconciling God's Grace with the Motions of the Will of Man makes us look upon those who are of a different Opinion as such People as are in the high-way of Damnation and with whom we must not entertaâ—â— any Communion Nor may they who have lived in Communion with the Church of Rome insult at this Division of the Protestants and pretend that union and concord have continued amongst them without any division For although they all submit themselves in appearance to the Authority of one only Head and that they look upon him as the Center wherein all the Lines of their Society do meet and are reunited nevertheless we are not ignorant how great the number of their dissentions are and how little the union is amongst their Doctors 〈◊〉 that if the fear of a Superior Authority seems to retain them in one and the same Society their hatreds are but the more fermented within They do not less condemn one another of Heresie and of being out of the way of Salvation And the Exâ—mples of our Age have shown us that when oppertunities have been presented of making their aversions appear how far they have carried it being always desirous that their particular Opinions might prevail over all others Therefore it is not any particular interest that I here endeavour to advance But it is the general interest of all Christian Societies It is the good and the union of all those who march under the Standard of the Cross I design to reunite together all the Christians of the East and West Greeks and Romans Catholicks and Protestants and all the divers Branches whereinto these latter are subdivided CHAP. II. The first Effect of this Division Disquiet of Mind and Trouble of Conscience WEre there no other Evil in this Division than the very Division it self and that deformity which it causes in Christian Societies Were there no other harm done by it than the disfiguring the Face of Christianity and the blemishing its beauty that renders it so considerable it would be so great a cause of grief as to oblige us to endeavour with all our power to remedy so great a mischief But besides all this this unhappy
malice Charity is not envious but envy raigns particularly in division where each party respects the obligation of their proper Interests Charity is not insolent nor puffed up with Glory whereas Division is fierce proud and insupportable It inspires those who possess it with a desire to abase and oppress others if it be possible that they may raise up themselves and Rule without Competitor Charity seeks not its own ends is not dispiteful and thinks no evil These ill qualities are the true Characters of Division in which it hath no other end than the advancement of its own party to the detriment of all others Charity rejoyces not in injustice but altogether in the truth Division oppresses the truth and is never pleased but with unrighteousness and violence Charity endures believes hopes and bears all things Division causes suspicions and jealousies to arise gives ill interpretations to actions and even to the most innocent words and drives us into passion and impatience into murmuring and extravagances And to draw the last Line to this parallel God grant that as Charity never fails but is maintained in the very ruine of all that which is most Glorious and most firm in Society so on the other side by the rule of contraries that we may quickly see this unhappy Division utterly decay and cease by a perfect uniting of all Christians CHAP. IV. The Third Effect of this Division That it makes Men Irreligious and causes Atheisme IN all Divisions which tear in pieces Kingdomes and Monarchies each side at the first does boast by their Manifestoes and Declarations that they took not up Armes but for the Publick Good and for maintaining the Crown and Authority of the Prince And although those Parties be so contrary and averse that their Swords are drawn and in a readiness to decide their quarrel yet both of them have the confidence to alledge in their Vindication the Justice of their cause and interest of their Soveraign whilst in the end all tend to the utter subversion of the State and total change of the Government And it will many times happen in these contests that the most mutinous and most sedicious do make themselves Masters of Soveraign Authority So is it ordinarily seen that in the division of Opinions in Religion every one protests that no other Argument or Interest perswades him to follow the Religion that he embraces but the real love of truth and desire of his Salvation All those who would be the promoters and spreaders of some new Opinion show an extraordinary Devotion and Zeal at the beginning But by little and little all that degenerates and all the overtures which Division makes serve but as so many doors by which at last Impiety Irreligion and Atheisme do slip in 'T is amidst these differences that we commonly see some new Religion thrust in it self among us which differs but very little from the disclaiming of all Religion Just so was it by means of the divers Sects which heretofore sprang up in the Church that the Doctrin of Mahomet has taken such footing in the World Every one knows how wide the Division of the Eastern and Western Churches was at that time And I do not believe but that the great diversity of Judgments and Religions which we see at present in Christianity hath been the cause of this coldness and want of Devotion amongst us in what we call Christian Society Insomuch that Piety and Religion seem only to be left in full Authority amongst Women and the Vulgar This Evil arises from hence that the greatest part of Men either cannot or will not give themselves the trouble of searching into these different Opinions to determine which they might close with so they choose rather to believe nothing absolutely than to be always in suspence about what they ought to believe As the great diversity of Medicines which are prescribed to a Patient do very often make him refuse all thinking it better to resign up all to venture at once rather than stand so long about making his choice of the Remedies which are proposed to him Some go towards it but with such a kind of negligence and natural sloath that makes them apprehend a great deal of trouble in it And these esteem it better to suspend all manner of action than undertake any thing that requires so much care and intensness of thought concerning it These are like lazy Souldiers who suffer themselves to be kill'd rather than they 'l couragiously take up their Armes and stand to their own defence Or those who out of a desperate Fury thrust a Dagger into their own Breasts for fear least their Enemy is pressing upon them to do it There are others who dare not venture upon this tryal through the distrust which they have of themselves and of their own power They do not feel themselves strong enough to sustain such a weight nor able to break through all those difficulties which they meet with This obliges some blindly to follow the first that is presented them and suffer themselves to be led by those who pretend to have skill herein Supposing they are in a good condition if they put themselves under the conduct of their Leaders And others stand Newters not daring to adhear to any Party out of a Distrust which they have of all such as offer themselves to them And this it is that causes Irreligion and Atheisme Yet are there some whose Fault is not neglect of examining these different Questions but the true Reason of it is because they are not indeed capable of it Such are all Pesants and Mechanicks and others who know nothing more than what belongs to their employments and who being taken out of that are as if they were in an unknown Country where they are ignorant both of the wayes and Language It puts them to a stand as though they had neither sense nor Motion They make all their Devotion and all the Service which they should pay to God to consist in the well observing these outward actions of Religion in which they have been trained up Witness the poor Christians of Muscovia all whose Religion is no more than just a showing to those who desire to be informed of their belief the Image of some Saint which they carry about with them And others also who think that if they know but how to make the sign of the Cross aright may pass for very good Christians Therefore if instead of puzelling our selves about so many questions and controversies we would study to bring back the Christian Doctrin to its true Principles which are but few in number and easy for all sorts of Persons to comprehend it would be the ready way to make true Christians who would know what is really essential in their Doctrine and so would quickly be brought to a true piety and to the fear of God which is the only design of Christian Religion Here it may also be added that this great diversity of
happened and that which it reports to us as predictions of things to come FOllowing the distinction made in the foregoing Chapter of all the things which are proposed to us in the Holy Scripture We must first examine what it declares to us as truths which the true Believer ought to receive by Faith These are not all of a like nature and must also be carefully distinguished to take away likewise all cause of contention among Christians I believe therefore they may all be brought under these three Heads As first the Mysteries of Religion which ought to be believed for setting the Conscience at rest and procuring its Salvation Secondly the Historical Narrations which the Scripture makes us of many things that have happened as well in the Disposition of the Order of the Universe as in the Government of the Church under the Old and New Covenant Thirdly the predictions there made as of things which must happen and whereof we see not yet the accomplishment This being concluded we should generally recerve as unquestionable truths whatsoever God has revealed to us in his Word Wherein there are many things which should not neither can they give any matter of contention much less of Division As for Example the Historical Relations of the Holy Scriptures are such that all Christians generally receive â—â—â—m as certain and indubitable and if there be any diversity of Opimons upon any difficulties of Chronology That should not cause a separation in the Church The Opinions may be left to the Liberty of particular Persons to follow therein what they shall judge most probable I say the same of interpretations which may be given to some obscure passages which should not cause any Division be the diversity never so great which is there met with There is but one sole occasion for allowing it and that is when a particular interpretation overthrowes some one of the Fundamental Doctrines or that they would make it to pass as issued out from the very mouth of God himself For all these interpretations are but so many attempts of Man's wit which may fail Insomuch that we should leave to every one the liberty of examining them to receive them afterwards or to reject them without prejudice to Salvation and without breaking the Union which is had with those of contrary Opinions As to what concerns suture predictions neither ought these to be the subject of any Division It may suffice we are all in general perswaded that whatsoever has been foretold in the Holy Scriptures shall have its accomplishment notwithstanding all the obstacles which intersere 'T is sufficient to believe that the first Cause absolutely disposing of second causes will bring about its designs in despite of all resistance of the Creatures This hinders not from advancing our thoughts higher searching into the sense of the prophesie and making our conjectures of the times of its execution We should in this give Liberty to certain particular persons especially when these kinds of Meditations may contribute to the Consolation of true Believers and to excite them more to sanctity It is in this I make that happiness consist which the Book of the Apocalypse attributes to those who read it carefully and understand it But he who would apply himself to this study must not do it but with great precautions Here it is that much strictness must be observed and principally not the least stirring be made but from a principle of deep humility He must on all occasions distrust himself but more in this than any other For although these Oracles be not conceived in ambiguous termes as those of the Pagans were yet are they proposed in obscure and dark expressions They are such hidden mysteries and so profound that they can scarcely be faâ—…omed When predictions are accomplished they change their nature and become Histories easy to be understood But before the Event they must be looked upon with that profound respect as causes naturally a silence But yet if any think they have espy'd some light they may utter their thought with modesty And should rather propose it as a conjecture than as a certain Doctrine For truly there is nothing so dangerous nor so prejudicial to the peace of the Church as the desire of making pass our sence upon things foretold for constant truths There needs but a forc'd Opinion of these Prophesies to stir up a whole Nation to tumult to disturb the peace of States and ruine the Unity which should be amongst Christians The Examples of this are as well known as they are Dreadful to Consider There might some kind of Parallel be made between this Reflection and those dangerous obstinate Opinions wherof we have already made mention and which must be entirely cast away to attain to a perfect intelligence in Christianity CHAP. VI. Fifth Advice Touching the Mysteries of Christian Religion which we must believe as being Revealed in the Holy Scriptures and concerning the distinction which must be made of them AFter having considered methodically of what the Word of God teaches us touching the Rites Ceremonies and outward Order of the Church as also the Histories and Prophesies which it contains After having shown that in all these things there should be no matter of Contention among Christians I have nothing less to examine but what concerns the Rules comprehending the Holy Mysteries of Christianity which Believers should own and receive for their Salvation And because it is a most important matter it must be clearly open'd and explained to remove whatsoever might give any occasion of Contention and procure herein as well as in the rest a Reconciliation of all Christian Societies I cannot now absolutely disapprove the Distinction which all Doctors make in this matter and of which I have already spoken If I acknowledge there be in Religion some important Precepts essential fundamental and necessary to Salvation I acknowledg therein also others less important which might be let alone as where some Errour may slip in Yet this may be done without prejudicing our Salvation â—â—e Peace of Consciences and tranquility of the Church But what I cannot approve of in this is the Application which these Doctors make of this distinction to their Cause They commonly fall concerning this matter into the same faults which have been observed Namely their prejudicate Opinions and particular Interests which for the most part bear sway in the Judgment which they make of what is Fundamental and what is not So that they would oblige all who enter into their Communion to acquiesce in Humane Doctrines as if they were so many Fundamental Points They oblige Men also to Reject the Doctrines which agree not with theirs as if they tended to overthrow the Foundations of Religion although they may not be so prejudicial as they would make them believe For who has Authority of fixing that which is Fundamental and distinguishing it from that which is not If it were left to the disposition of Men every Society