be thus described It is a fixed Salt which will make an Ebullition with an Acid and by taking off the Edges of its Particles will sweeten an Acid Liquor As for Mineral Waters Libavius giveth us this Notion Quae a simplici vulgari mera discedentes cum aliquo subterraneorum conspirant aut spiritaliter sunt tinctae aut mistae corporaliter Judicio Aquar Lib. 1. Cap. 1. viz. Waters that besides their own Nature have imbibed something of the quality or substance of some Subterranean Mine What are the Subterranea he afterwards telleth us Lib. 1 but Gab. Fallopius De Therm Aq. Cap. 8. ranketh them under Five Heads viz. Vapours Juices Metals Stones and Earth As for Vapours impregnating Waters in their Current I see no reason to make them a distinct Ingredient from the others Fallopius alloweth only Vapours to be found in Waters that are Poisonous Bituminous and Sulphureous yet of what kind soever they seem not to differ from the Evaporating Object as the Vapour of Water is but Water rarisied whose Particles recollected in a Receiver may appear again under the form of Water As Helmont Parad. 2. hath observed Vapor reipsa nil aliud est Materialiter formaliter quam Atomorum Aquae in altum sublata Congeries To the same effect speaketh Libavius de Jud. Aq. Lib. 1. Cap. 6. Dr. Jorden On Natur. Bath and Min. Wat. Cap. 4. not content with what Fallopius hath done especially because New Minerals have lately been discovered as Calaem in the East Indies Rhusma and Terra Ghetta in Turky c. and perhaps future Ages may discover many more hath comprehended them under Seven Heads taking a Mineral for An inanimate Perfect Body bred in a Mine in the Bowels of the Earth His Genera are 1 Earth 2 Stone 3 Bitumen 4 Salts or Concrete Juices 5 Spirits 6 Mean or half Metals 7 Metals Of all which in as much as they cause Alterations in Waters I shall take a short Survey Brevity here beeng intended First Earth is a cold dry sluggish Body altogether effete in its vertue except when it containeth some active Principle such as a Nitrous Salt by which Fullers-Earth doth scour Cloth and Marle laid on Land doth cause Fertility or an Aluminous Salt such as is found near Scarbrough Spaw c. Vpon which account the Chymists rightly call Simple Earth Caput Mortuum or Terra damnata Water hereby may become turbid and muddy but not impregnate with any Vertue Secondly Stones by their Qualities of Cold Dryness and Stipticity come near that of Earth Yea as Dr. Jorden Cap. 4. hath hinted to us Stones in their simple Nature distinct from any other Ingredient are but as a Caput Mortuum and untamable by â—ire or Water 'T is true some Stones will melt others by Calcination turn as it were to Ashes but that is from a Heterogeneous Mixture of some Salt Metal c. And this may be concluded hence The more pure and free from Mixture Stones are by so much the more indissolvable by Water or the devouring flames of Fire as Diamonds Amiantus or Alumen plumosum Glymmer Saxum Arenarium all which stony Concretions will endure the Fire yea I suppose had we but a pure stony Body it would endure the washings of Water and the utmost degree of Fire Pliny Natur. Hist Lib. 36. Cap. 19. saith Amiantus lapis nihil igni deperdit Not only the Terra Damnata left after the Active Principles are drawn off in Distillation will endure the Fire but the Asbestum which is an Efflorescence of the Amiantus and many such like Stony Concretions I doubt not were they free from Heterogeneous Mixtures Stones then in their simple Nature yield no Vertue to Springs except whilst in their Primitive juices or Solutis principiis for then they may cause an Alteration as we may perceive by many cold petrifying Springs of which almost infinite Examples might be produced here in our own Country But when there is a mixture with a Minera then Stones by Fire or Water may soon suffer a Dissolution as Marcasites of Iron Copper Alum c. not only by fire may undergo a Change but also may communicate their Vertue to Waters having a proper Menstruum Thirdly Bitumina are either hard as Amber Carbofossilis or Liquid as Petroleum and Naphtha We find by dayly Experience that unctuous Matter or Oyls will not undergo a perfect mixture with Water yet by some Mineral juice may have its body so opened as to come floating with the Spring Water though in a confused Posture Yea saith Fallopius de Aq. Therm Cap. 8. It is sometimes so confused that a Separation from the Water is very difficult Instances of Bituminous Waters he giveth us as the River Lipparis in Cilicia which by its plenty will as it were anoint the Bodies of them that swim in it the Fountains of Mount Gibbus near Modena in Italy many Fountains likewise near Baia in Campania so also Springs at the foot of Vesuvius many also we read of in Saxony Swedland and at Avergne in France and of one famous in our own Country at Pitchford in Shropshire and that Bitumen is the predominant Principle in our Springs at Bath Dr. Jorden hath proved De Nat. Bath Min. Wat. Cap. 6 Fourthly Concrete Juices called Salts which are not only found in Waters but being dissolved make the Current Springs as so many Menstruums to unlock the Bodies of other Minerals The Species are usually reckoned Four viz. Alum Vitriol Nitre and Common Salt but as for the Number I shall not here dispute 'T is true different Salts will shoot by Chrystallization into several Forms as Vitriol and Alum into Glebas although these of Alum differ something from them of Vitriol Nitre into Stirias and Salt into Tesseras so likewise will other Species of Salt comprehended under these by reason of their Glebes and difference of Particles As for the Vertues of such Springs we must look to the Nature of the Ingredients and whether the Waters are not impregnated with several Mineras from whence there must needs follow great Variety in Mineral Waters That Salt Nitre Alum and Vitriol are Ingredients of Mineral Waters we have the Testimony of several Authors too many here to relate As Salt-Springs at Saltzburgh and Halstat and many other places in Germany the Salt-Springs in Tuscany and as our Springs at Droit-Wich and at Nant-Wich will testify Nitrous Springs we read of at Calestria in Macedonia in many places of Aegypt in many places in France mentioned by Du Clos Classe Second and Third and Nitrous Springs by Baccius De Therm Lib. 5. Cap. 6. Alum Springs are frequent in Tuscany and many other Places of Italy and also in Germany and in Spain with us at Okenyate in Shrop-shire and that famous Spaw at Scarbrough in York-shire Vitrioline Waters are also found although the truth thereof is questioned by Dr. Lister De Font. Med. Angl. Cap. 7. Instances of which Dr. Jorden de Nat. Ba.
saliens efformatur idemque calore vitali praeditus est priusquam per pulsum cietur atque ut in illo ab illo Pulsatio incipit ita tandem in ultimo mortis articulo in eodem deâ—â—nit Which I suppose gave occasion to Dr. Glisson in his Anat. Hep. Cap. 35. to assert That the blood was generated and moved by the heart but the heart and blood were originally by the Vivifick spirit or juice which remaineth in the blood after its first production and is the cause of its future generation seeing that the Womb by its heat doth excite the Vivifick Spirit of the Seed and put it in action which frameth the Seminal Matter into the structure of an Animal So that the Quickening Spirit making the first blood and heart of an Embryo he supposeth it still to perform the same office according to that Axiom Idem quà idem semper facit idem Against this Opinion Diemerbroeck Anat. Lib. 2. Cap. 11 doth oppose several Arguments and endeavoureth a Confutation thereof and concludeth from his Reasons That the Blood is generated after and by the Heart and not by the Vivisick spirit which saith he inhering in all parts of the body quickens and disposeth them to their proper functions So that he concludeth of a Ferment in the Heart The Learned Dr. Willis telleth us Natura posuit in corde fermentum eujus instinctu seu occursu sanguis impetuosè effervescit ac velut in flammam accensus de ferment cap. 5. And in his Exercitation de Accens sang Vitalem sive flammeam animae partem in corde pulmonibus sedem praecipuam quasi imperialem habere putemus So that he avoweth the Ferment of the Heart to be the main Cause and Seat of the Flamma vitalis or the Soul 's vital flame But whether it be in rerum naturâ may be questioned Variety of Opinions there are about the Motion of the Heart the immediate instruments of its Motion are agreed upon to be the Fibres but then what sets these Fibres in motion is the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the main Query or thing sought after Some like Dr. Lower suppose the motion of the heart to depend upon the influx of Animal Spirits into the Nerves and Fibres which make a Contraction as in other Muscles Others suppose it to depend on the Dilatation of the Blood in the Ventricles of the Heart Others like Franciscus de Le Boe Sylvius think to go a middle way and make it depend partly on the Influx of Animal Spirits and partly on the Dilatation of the Blood Others to depend on a Materia Subtilis that subtile Matter supposed to be in continual motion and to move all Bodies more or less according as it hath more free or difficult passage through the Pores of them Others suppose the heart not to move the blood neither the heart to be moved by the Animal Spirits nor by a subtile Matter but by the Vivifick Spirit residing in the blood and is the cause of its Generation But Maurocordatus not approving the above-recited Opinions supposeth the motion of the heart to depend on the respiration of the Lungs and the respiration of the Lungs to depend on the motion of the heart as if the Heart and Lungs did put their help in hand to each others Motion To run through each Opinion apart and to recite the Reasons laid down for confirmation thereof would be too tedious and beyond my proposed Subject I shall therefore lay down some Experimental Observations as Mathematical Data and see what Collateral Conclusions about Sanguification and Motion of the Heart may be thence deduced 1. Observ I took out the Hearts of two young Puppies about a Fortnight old and cut off their Nerves to prevent all influx of Animal Spirits and separated the Coherent Parts I cut open the Ventricles of one of the Hearts and let out all the blood therein contained The Hearts I exposed to the open Air upon a cold Trencher which did continue beating with a regular Systole and Diastole as long as warmth continued When their Motion had almost ceased I breathed upon them and perceived their motion recruted by the warmth of the breath When their motion again began to abate by pouring on warm Water I renewed the same Thus they continued until the Natural Heat was totally expired which was near upon Three Quarters of an Hour after the first exposing out of the Body to the Air. The like Effect I found upon the Hearts of Frogs Tortoises and several young Animals Yea I cut out the Heart of a young Puppy and of a Frog and divided them into several pieces I observed a Motion in a Systole and Diastole for some Minutes to continue in each part thus separated and that the pricking them with a Needle did much excite decaying Motion 2. Observ A Girl about Fifteen years of age by a Pen-knife had an Artery cut asunder in the Wrist of her hand With convenient Applications by a Chyrurgion the Blood was stoped but in his absence the Girl had plucked off the Eschar so that presently followed a great effusion of blood from the Artery At the return of the Chyrurgion with whom I was also called I perceived that she had lost almost the whole mass of Blood of her body In the time of her bleeding which was the greatest part of a Day her Friends about her had given her Sack and Caudle to keep up her decaying strength At our coming we found That which the Artery sent forth did more resemble the Caudle then Blood and so it had been for some hours by the relation of her Attendants for it was so pale and watery that it would notting a Handcherchief red Her Pulse notwithstanding had small remission I administered to her Cordials with Spirits to buoy up declining Nature but before the Chyrurgion stoped the Blood she died which was about One Quarter of an Hour after our arriving thither To this I may adjoyn a like observation related by Dr. Lower de Cord. motu cap. 2. the Sum is thus A Youth about sixteen years old bled for two days without intermission or ceasing The occasion of it is not mentioned His attendants and friends gave him broth to refresh and recruit his Vitals which he eagerly supped down His flux of blood now and then thereby increased but at length the whole Mass was almost evacuated That which run out was pale and watery neither of the Colour nor Nature of blood but was more like the Broth administred which he drank much of The flux so continued for a day or two but the Heart in the mean time retained its Pulsation At last the flux was stoped the Party recovered his health and became a stout strong fellow This he relateth from a Physitian of Credit 3. Observ Dr. Lower in the forecited Chapter giveth us an Experiment of his own He drew out of the jugular vein of a Dog about half of his blood injecting the
like quantity of Ale and Wine mixed into his Crural vein This he continued by turns until a paler tincture instead of the blood issued out of the vein like water wherein flesh hath been washed or like Claret diluted with much water 4. Observ I shall in the next place lay down the Observation of Dr. Harvey de gen Anim. Exerc. 16. The Bulla or Punctum saliens which saith he maketh the Heart is made before the Brain that elaborateth the Animal Spirits The same also doth Langly Obs gen Anim. affirm and common Experience teacheth it So that although it be questioned Whether or no the Blood be formed before the Heart yet it is certain that the Bulla saliens is formed before the Brain From which Experimental Observations I shall gather these Conclusions First the motion of the Heart in fieri cannot proceed from an influx of Animal spirits 〈…〉 panctum saliens which is the Heart in 〈…〉 its motion before either Brain or 〈…〉 are framed to elaborate and convey 〈…〉 spirits to it according to the 〈…〉 Observation 〈…〉 neither can the Pulse be from the 〈…〉 or Ebullition of blood in the 〈…〉 of the Heart for according to the second and third Observations That which came from the Arteries was far enough from Accension being pale and dilute like broth and as Dr. Lower intimateth was far from the colour and nature of Blood From the two Observations before cited from Dr. Lower Dr. Gibson in the Anat. Hum. Bod. Epitom l. 2. c. 5. concludeth a full confutation of that Opinion viz. Pulsation is from Ebullition and Accension of Blood in the ventricles of the Heart Which may be farther denied by the first Observation for the blood was all poured out of the ventricles of the Puppie's heart so that there was none left to make either Ebullition or Accension Thirdly Neither could the Pulse be from a continued influx of Animal spirits from the Brain For according to the first Observation All influx of Spirits was stoped because the Puppie's and Frog's Hearts were cut off from their Nerves by which the spirits do flow if any at all Fourthly Neither can it be from the Respiration of the Lungs for by the first Observation the Hearts of them Animals cut off from the Lungs much more the pieces did yet continue Beating And in an Embryo there is Pulsation of the Bulla saliens before the Lungs are formed and long before they have any Respiration Fifthly Neither from the impression of Subtile Matter for that concludeth for a general but not a particular motion nor why the Heart should keep a Regular Systole and Diastole Because the subtile Matter being in continual motion would press against all the fibres at all times so that the Heart would remain either in a Systole or a Diastole Besides as Diemerbroeck argueth This subtile Matter would restore the motion of the heart whist warm and so always recover life in creatures that are strangled Sixthly Neither can it be from the vivifick spirit in the blood for by the first Observation The Pulse continued after the blood was poured out of the ventricles and a stop put to all influx of fresh blood And by Observ 2. and 3. it s proved That when the whole mass of blood was almost emptied and the rest watery and dilute the heart retained its Pulse yet the vivifick spirit of the blood must have been for the greatest part evacuated with the blood I shall now proceed to lay down what I guess to be the genuine cause of Sanguification and Motion of the Heart although this may be accounted one of Nature's Secrets and too abstruse for Us peremptorily to determine And first for Sanguification In the begining of Conception the Spirituous part of the Seed by heat is excited and collected into the Punctum or Bulla saliens from this Spirit as from a Fermentative substance by the vis Plastica or Archeus are all the Parts of the body deduced For according to Dr. Harvey's Observation the Bulla saliens is first formed from which are derived Sanguincous fibres and one part after another framed until the whole Compages of the Body is perfected Whether according to the sentiments of Dr. Harvey the blood be first made and the Heart afterwards for the motion of the Blood or according to Diemerbroeck the Heart be made before the first Blood it is not very material For on both sides it is concluded That the vivifick spirit of the Semen is the first Former either of Blood or Heart This Spirit having got some Blood for his Vehicle and being by Heat stirred up and dilated doth enlarge its Domicile the Punctum saliens for being too close pent up doth endeavour for an eruption by particular assaults which is the first cause of Pulsation As the Ferment is increased by the addition of new Matter from the Colliquamentum Seminis at first and other Matter afterwards so the vivifick Spirit doth farther dilate it self in the blood uutil it hath formed the Veins and Arteries for its Channels and as a Workman according to the Divine Impress stamped at first by God Almighty on blind Matter or by the Direction of the Archeus as Helmont calls it but as for the Name of that Directive Power call it as you please hath made every part of the whole Body This vivifick acrimonious Spirit doth not only forme out of convenient Matter but also inhere in the Parts formed more or less and giveth to every Part a peculiar Property or Ferment as That of the Stomach for Chylification That of the Heart for Sanguification c. But suppose that the first blood should be formed before the Punctum Saliens and the Heart contribute nothing thereto Yet it must be granted that Things proceed otherways in Adult Animals then they do at the first formation As for Instance There is Motion before the Brain or Nerves are formed yet none now deny that Office to the Brain of elaborating the Animal Spirits that serve for Motion The Embryo is nourished and encreased before the Stomach and other parts serving for Concoction are made yet after they are made in a perfect Foetus and in adult Persons none except through a Spirit of Contradiction will deny them to serve for Concoction so that the Heart by his Acrimonious Spirit implanted therein may serve for Sanguification which I imagine to be as thus So soon as the Chyle is mixed with the Blood the Vital Spirit and other active Principles do work upon the Chyle to assimilate it to its own nature By the Stomachical Ferment the Salt Sulphur and Spirit of the Chyle are almost set at liberty from the grosser parts of the Aliment so that the Active Principles of the Blood soon add to their Exaltation When the Chyle with the Venal blood is entered the right ventricle of the Heart the Heart addeth a new Ferment thereto and sendeth it into the Lungs where it receiveth a farther Alteration from the Nitrous