our_o decision_n have_v be_v exceed_o various_a in_o this_o matter_n for_o clear_v whereof_o several_a case_n must_v be_v distinguish_v first_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o contracter_n themselves_o and_o in_o that_o either_o the_o mutual_a obliegement_n be_v conceive_v conditional_o that_o the_o one_o part_n be_v perform_v or_o upon_o the_o performance_n thereof_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v perform_v or_o where_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o conceive_v conditional_o yet_o they_o be_v proper_o mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o the_o obligement_n to_o deliver_v the_o ware_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o price_n in_o permutation_n the_o thing_n exchange_v and_o mutual_a obliegement_n for_o delivery_n thereof_o be_v the_o mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o in_o location_n the_o use_n of_o that_o which_o be_v set_v for_o hire_n and_o the_o hire_n be_v the_o mutual_a cause_n and_o so_o be_v the_o obligation_n hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la otherways_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o but_o either_o whole_o different_a matter_n which_o be_v frequent_o accumulate_v in_o the_o same_o contract_n or_o the_o one_o but_o the_o occasion_n and_o motive_n and_o not_o the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o other_o the_o case_n of_o assignays_n must_v be_v consider_v in_o all_o these_o for_o the_o first_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v for_o the_o negative_a that_o in_o reciprocal_a contract_n neither_o party_n can_v have_v effectual_a action_n except_o he_o perform_v the_o whole_a contract_n on_o his_o part_n as_o to_o the_o first_o member_n of_o the_o first_o case_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o when_o the_o mutual_a obliegement_n be_v conceive_v conditional_o he_o that_o demand_v the_o one_o part_n must_v perform_v the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o other_o member_n when_o the_o obliegment_n be_v mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o express_o when_o the_o contract_n bear_v for_o the_o which_o cause_n or_o when_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n appear_v so_o to_o be_v it_o be_v most_o consonant_a to_o reason_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o our_o practice_n that_o neither_o party_n shall_v obtain_v implement_n of_o the_o obligement_n to_o he_o till_o he_o fulfil_v the_o obliegement_n by_o he_o it_o be_v so_o find_v july_n 27._o 〈◊〉_d laird_n of_o keir_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n marjoribank_n leidingtoun_n november_n 〈◊〉_d 1565._o james_n crichtoun_n contra_fw-la marion_n crichtoun_n july_n 1581._o lord_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la provost_n of_o lincluden_n where_o the_o reason_n be_v render_v because_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d data_fw-la &_o non_fw-la secuta_fw-la till_o he_o who_o crave_v implement_n fulfil_v his_o own_o part_n 〈◊〉_d though_o it_o be_v ordinary_o understand_v when_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligationaltogether_o fail_v yet_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v suspend_v or_o delay_v on_o the_o one_o part_n the_o effect_n be_v also_o to_o be_v delay_v on_o the_o other_o but_o in_o contract_n wherein_o the_o obliegement_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o the_o one_o part_n have_v effect_n before_o the_o other_o be_v fulfil_v and_o the_o same_o be_v only_o reserve_v or_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o charge_n sinclar_n february_n 19_o 1548._o laird_n of_o ker_n contra_fw-la panter_n december_n 1563._o earl_n of_o glencairn_n contra_fw-la commendator_fw-la of_o kilwinning_n as_o to_o the_o second_o case_n whether_o a_o assignay_n charge_v or_o pursue_v upon_o a_o mutual_a contract_n be_v in_o any_o better_a case_n than_o the_o cedent_fw-la or_o can_v crave_v implement_n till_o the_o cedent_n part_v be_v perform_v the_o difficulty_n be_v here_o that_o if_o assiggnays_n be_n cloged_a with_o the_o obliegement_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la it_o will_v mar_v commerce_n and_o render_v such_o contract_n ineffectual_a as_o to_o summar_n execution_n and_o so_o obliegement_n therein_o for_o liquid_a sum_n of_o money_n may_v not_o be_v poind_v or_o apprize_v for_o nor_o any_o execution_n valid_a thereupon_o but_o this_o will_v not_o follow_v for_o though_o these_o execution_n be_v summary_o use_v they_o will_v stand_v valide_fw-la only_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v suspend_v till_o the_o other_o part_n be_v perform_v but_o the_o assignay_n have_v no_o title_n whereby_o to_o compel_v his_o cedent_fw-la to_o perform_v his_o part_n therefore_o the_o other_o contracter_n must_v either_o be_v decern_v to_o assign_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n to_o the_o assignay_n to_o the_o other_o part_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v insist_v for_o performance_n and_o that_o before_o the_o extract_v of_o his_o decreet_a or_o rather_o execution_n may_v be_v sist_v except_o as_o to_o adjudication_n for_o his_o security_n till_o he_o procure_v implement_n of_o his_o cedent_n part_n or_o otherways_o that_o he_o find_v caution_n that_o the_o other_o contracter_n use_v diligence_n against_o his_o cedent_fw-la for_o performance_n that_o the_o assignay_n shall_v make_v up_o what_o shall_v be_v want_v to_o he_o as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o william_n cunningham_n contra_fw-la john_n ross_n wherein_o a_o assignay_n charge_v upon_o a_o contract_n for_o the_o price_n of_o land_n by_o which_o contract_n his_o cedent_fw-la be_v oblige_v to_o cause_v the_o tenant_n pay_v certain_a by-gone_a ferm_n therefore_o the_o assignay_n be_v ordain_v to_o find_v caution_n for_o satisfy_v of_o these_o ferm_n against_o the_o cedent_fw-la february_n 15._o 1627._o william_n cunninghame_n contra_fw-la john_n ross._n hope_n contract_n laird_n of_o rentoun_n contra_fw-la robert_n dowglas_n and_o though_o a_o donatar_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_o to_o the_o price_n of_o land_n due_a by_o a_o contract_n though_o the_o rebel_n have_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n hope_v cessio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la balfour_n contra_fw-la futhy_n there_o be_v nothing_o allege_v of_o the_o insolvency_n of_o the_o cedent_fw-la but_o a_o donatar_a pursue_v for_o the_o price_n of_o fews_n the_o fewer_n be_v assoilzy_v from_o the_o declarator_n till_o the_o donatar_n obtain_v the_o fews_n to_o be_v perfect_v here_o it_o be_v know_v the_o donatar_n be_v in_o trust_n for_o the_o rebel_n who_o be_v in_o power_n to_o perform_v january_n 28._o 1673._o lord_n lion_n contra_fw-la arthur_n forbes_n but_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o mutual_a cause_n shall_v be_v effectual_a without_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o cedent_n back-bond_n apart_o will_v affect_v the_o assignay_n much_o more_o when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o contract_n yea_o though_o the_o matter_n proceed_v not_o by_o way_n of_o contract_n but_o by_o bond_n apart_o if_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o bond_n be_v mutual_a cause_n one_o of_o another_o the_o effect_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n but_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o date_n and_o before_o the_o same_o witness_n the_o lord_n will_v ready_o examine_v the_o witness_n insert_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la whether_o they_o be_v mutual_a cause_n each_o of_o other_o and_o therefore_o where_o a_o bond_n apart_o do_v bear_v that_o the_o creditor_n shall_v ratify_v a_o disposition_n of_o the_o same_o date_n at_o his_o majority_n under_o a_o great_a penalty_n a_o bond_n grant_v apart_o to_o that_o party_n of_o that_o same_o date_n be_v assign_v the_o assignay_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o power_n to_o lift_v the_o principal_a sum_n till_o the_o cedent_fw-la ratify_v at_o his_o majority_n or_o be_v past_o his_o anni_fw-la utiles_fw-la without_o reduction_n november_n 14._o 1628._o cunninghame_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n the_o like_a be_v find_v as_o to_o write_v of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o a_o contract_n anent_o the_o same_o matter_n though_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o contract_n hope_v contract_n duncrub_n contra_fw-la chapman_n but_o if_o in_o contract_n or_o mutual_a bond_n the_o mutual_a obliegement_n have_v different_a term_n of_o performance_n a_o pursuit_n upon_o the_o one_o part_n will_v not_o be_v stop_v by_o not_o performance_n of_o the_o other_o part_n while_o the_o term_n agree_v for_o the_o performance_n be_v not_o come_v november_n 28._o 1676._o sir_n david_n carmichael_n of_o basmedy_n contra_fw-la dempster_n of_o pitliver_n 17._o to_o come_v now_o to_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o order_n propose_v loan_n comprehend_v both_o the_o contract_n in_o the_o law_n call_v mutuum_fw-la and_o commodatum_fw-la by_o the_o former_a a_o thing_n fungible_a be_v free_o give_v for_o the_o like_a to_o be_v restore_v in_o the_o same_o kind_a and_o quantity_n though_o not_o the_o same_o individual_a a_o fungible_a be_v that_o which_o be_v estimate_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o decernable_a nor_o notice_v in_o the_o individual_a or_o particular_a body_n but_o only_o in_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o chief_a of_o
contrary_a act_n of_o injury_n by_o do_v evil_a in_o stead_n of_o good_a three_o for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o anticipation_n of_o error_n and_o fraud_n and_o that_o evident_a probation_n may_v be_v have_v man_n do_v most_o profitable_o order_v deed_n to_o be_v do_v in_o such_o a_o palpable_a and_o plain_a form_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o injury_n see_v the_o manner_n of_o do_v these_o deed_n be_v free_a and_o in_o our_o power_n thus_o though_o the_o dispositive_a will_n of_o the_o proprietar_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alienate_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o and_o to_o constitute_v the_o right_n thereof_o in_o another_o yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n delivery_n or_o apprehension_n of_o possession_n for_o convey_v the_o right_n of_o good_n and_o seize_v be_v necessary_a for_o convey_v of_o the_o right_n of_o land_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n assignation_n be_v not_o effectual_a to_o transfer_v personal_a right_n till_o intimation_n follow_v our_o custom_n also_o appoint_v write_v to_o be_v make_v where_o it_o be_v easy_a and_o ordinar_n to_o be_v do_v and_o therefore_o as_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n thereof_o do_v exclude_v witness_n in_o matter_n of_o importance_n and_o admit_v only_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o party_n in_o case_n where_o write_n be_v accustom_v so_o the_o roman_n ordain_v that_o because_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o stand_v in_o mere_a conference_n that_o word_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v by_o themselves_o or_o witness_n that_o therefore_o the_o party_n shall_v perfeit_v such_o contract_n by_o a_o solemn_a stipulation_n wherein_o the_o one_o party_n do_v interrogat_n if_o the_o other_o do_v agree_v to_o such_o term_n as_o he_o express_v and_o the_o other_o immediate_o repeat_v his_o answer_n close_v with_o he_o in_o term_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o do_v not_o so_o stipulate_v they_o refuse_v they_o action_n upon_o naked_a paction_n four_o nation_n for_o the_o flourish_a of_o their_o family_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n and_o possession_n and_o their_o law_n do_v order_n they_o otherways_o than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v for_o in_o the_o most_o part_n the_o heretage_n and_o succession_n in_o the_o whole_a land-rights_a belong_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o stem_n and_o line_n of_o the_o family_n and_o the_o parent_n be_v presume_v to_o provide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n with_o competent_a portion_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o right_a of_o succession_n do_v belong_v to_o all_o and_o even_o in_o this_o positive_a law_n alter_v the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v its_o example_n from_o the_o judicial_a law_n of_o god_n by_o which_o the_o male_n exclude_v the_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v a_o double_a portion_n five_o according_a to_o the_o humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o people_n man_n do_v lay_v the_o heavy_a penalty_n upon_o the_o transgression_n of_o such_o law_n as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n thereunto_o which_o may_v be_v alter_v when_o these_o inclination_n alter_v and_o so_o the_o lord_n do_v frame_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n for_o the_o humour_n of_o that_o people_n in_o some_o thing_n permit_v without_o punish_v the_o transgression_n of_o the_o most_o palpable_a and_o weighty_a law_n of_o nature_n as_o in_o polygamy_n and_o divorce_n and_o also_o extend_v the_o proportion_n of_o equality_n observe_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o restitution_n and_o retribution_n as_o in_o theft_n hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a the_o law_n of_o man_n be_v yetsure_o they_o be_v most_o happy_a who_o law_n be_v near_a to_o equity_n and_o most_o declaratory_a of_o it_o and_o lest_o alter_v of_o the_o effect_n thereof_o except_o in_o case_n eminent_o profitable_a like_a unto_o these_o now_o point_v at_o yea_o and_o the_o nation_n be_v more_o happy_a who_o law_n have_v enter_v by_o long_a custom_n wring_v out_o from_o the_o debate_n upon_o particular_a cause_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o consistence_n of_o a_o fix_a and_o know_v custom_n for_o thereby_o the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n through_o a_o tract_n of_o time_n be_v experimental_o see_v so_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o some_o case_n convenient_a if_o in_o other_o case_n afterward_o it_o be_v find_v inconvenient_a it_o prove_v abortive_a in_o the_o womb_n of_o time_n before_o it_o attain_v the_o maturity_n of_o a_o law_n but_o in_o statute_n the_o lawgiver_n must_v at_o once_o balance_v the_o conveniency_n and_o inconvenience_n wherein_o he_o may_v and_o often_o do_v fall_v short_a and_o there_o do_v arise_v casus_fw-la incogitati_fw-la wherein_o the_o statute_n be_v out_o and_o recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o equity_n but_o these_o be_v best_a which_o be_v approbatory_n or_o correctory_n of_o experience_a custom_n and_o in_o a_o customary_a law_n though_o the_o people_n run_v some_o hazard_n at_o first_o of_o their_o judge_n arbitrament_n yet_o when_o that_o law_n be_v come_v to_o a_o fullness_n and_o consistence_n they_o have_v by_o much_o the_o advantage_n in_o this_o that_o what_o custom_n have_v change_v be_v throw_v away_o and_o obliterat_fw-la without_o memory_n or_o mention_v of_o it_o but_o in_o statutory_a write_a law_n the_o vestige_n of_o all_o the_o alteration_n remain_v and_o ordinary_o increase_v to_o such_o a_o mass_n that_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v evidence_n and_o security_n to_o the_o people_n and_o become_v labyrinth_n wherein_o they_o be_v fair_a to_o lose_v their_o right_n if_o not_o themselves_o and_o must_v have_v a_o implicit_a faith_n in_o these_o who_o can_v comprehend_v they_o without_o make_v it_o the_o work_n of_o their_o life_n 15._o our_o custom_n as_o they_o have_v arisen_a main_o from_o equity_n so_o they_o be_v also_o from_o the_o civil_a canon_n and_o feudal_n law_n from_o which_o the_o term_n tenor_n and_o form_n of_o they_o be_v much_o borrow_v and_o therefore_o these_o especial_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v great_a weight_n namely_o in_o case_n where_o a_o custom_n be_v not_o yet_o form_v but_o none_o of_o these_o have_v with_o we_o the_o authority_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v only_o receive_v according_a to_o their_o equity_n and_o expediency_n secundum_fw-la bonum_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v appear_v from_o some_o narrative_n of_o our_o statute_n that_o the_o parliament_n do_v own_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n to_o be_v our_o law_n as_o in_o the_o revocation_n of_o king_n james_n the_o four_o parliament_z 1493._o c._n 51._o where_o it_o be_v say_v and_o since_o it_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o law_n civil_a and_o canon_n that_o minor_n may_v revoke_v par._n 1540_o cap._n 80._o so_o likewise_o nottar_n forger_n of_o false_a writ_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v after_o the_o disposition_n of_o common_a law_n par._n 1551._o cap._n 22._o and_o in_o the_o act_n establish_v religion_n all_o act_n contrair_a or_o constitution_n canon_n civil_a or_o municipal_a be_v abrogate_a par._n 1567._o cap._n 31._o yet_o these_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o then_o that_o these_o law_n be_v a_o example_n after_o the_o similitude_n whereof_o the_o parliament_n proceed_v and_o though_o in_o the_o case_n of_o falsehood_n the_o punishment_n be_v assume_v as_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o will_v make_v that_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n it_o will_v not_o infer_v that_o in_o so_o far_o it_o be_v our_o law_n before_o much_o less_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o there_o be_v reason_n for_o the_o abrogation_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n at_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n because_o in_o the_o popish_a church_n it_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o authoritative_a law_n but_o since_o it_o be_v only_o a_o law_n as_o to_o these_o case_n that_o be_v act_v by_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n and_o in_o the_o rest_n only_o as_o our_o custom_n assume_v some_o particular_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o for_o the_o full_a evidence_n of_o the_o contrair_a there_o be_v a_o express_a and_o special_a statute_n declare_v this_o kingdom_n subject_n only_o to_o the_o king_n law_n and_o no_o other_o sovereign_n law_n par._n 1425._o cap._n 48._o par._n 1503._o cap._n 79._o yea_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n regulat_v the_o succession_n and_o right_n of_o scottish_a man_n in_o scotland_n though_o die_v abroad_o be_v resident_a there_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o colonel_n henderson_n child_n who_o have_v die_v in_o holland_n legat_v upon_o heritable_a bond_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n there_o yet_o they_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v convey_v by_o testament_n but_o belong_v to_o his_o heir_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n dury_n 9_o decemb._n 1623._o the_o
his_o marriage_n which_o be_v dissolve_v within_o year_n and_o day_n by_o the_o wife_n death_n be_v find_v void_a see_v the_o father_n persist_v not_o therein_o but_o infeft_v his_o second_o son_n july_n 15._o 1678._o lord_n burley_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o fairny_n and_o a_o tocher_n pay_v within_o the_o year_n be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v repay_v without_o any_o deduction_n for_o the_o wife_n entertainment_n during_o the_o marriage_n but_o only_o for_o her_o clothes_n which_o be_v before_o the_o marriage_n and_o her_o funeral_n charge_n which_o be_v after_o the_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v february_n 23._o 1681._o janet_n gordoun_n contra_fw-la thomas_n inglis_n but_o gift_n give_v to_o the_o marry_a person_n by_o the_o friend_n of_o both_o be_v divide_v equal_o the_o marriage_n be_v dissolve_v within_o year_n and_o day_n january_n 14._o 1679._o wauch_n contra_fw-la jamison_n but_o if_o a_o live_a child_n be_v bear_v the_o marriage_n be_v find_v valide_fw-la though_o both_o mother_n and_o child_n die_v within_o the_o year_n spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n stuart_n contra_fw-la irving_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o child_n must_v be_v hear_v cry_n be_v to_o make_v certain_a its_o lively_a ripeness_n and_o not_o to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o therefore_o it_o suffice_v not_o though_o they_o do_v declare_v that_o the_o child_n be_v live_v immediate_o before_o the_o birth_n and_o appear_v lively_a and_o full_a ripe_a when_o it_o be_v bear_v but_o that_o it_o be_v stifle_v in_o the_o birth_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o sandeland_n and_o thores_fw-la yet_o a_o wife_n infeftment_n be_v find_v valid_a till_o her_o tocher_n be_v repay_v though_o the_o marriage_n dissolve_v within_o the_o year_n july_n 20._o 1664._o petrie_n contra_fw-la paul_n but_o where_o a_o marriage_n continue_v a_o year_n and_o a_o part_n of_o the_o next_o day_n after_o the_o year_n the_o tocher_n be_v find_v not_o to_o return_v no_o in_o favorabilibus_fw-la dies_fw-la ceptus_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la completo_fw-la february_n 25._o 1680._o george_n waddel_n contra_fw-la george_n salmond_n 16._o marriage_n dissolve_v by_o divorce_n either_o upon_o wilful_a non-adherence_a or_o wilful_a desertion_n or_o by_o adultery_n and_o the_o party_n injurer_n lose_v all_o benefit_n accrue_v through_o the_o marriage_n as_o be_v express_o provide_v by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v non-adherence_a 1533._o cap._n 55._o but_o the_o party_n injure_v have_v the_o same_o benefit_n as_o by_o the_o other_o natural_a death_n as_o be_v find_v march_v 21._o 1637._o lady_n manderstoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o rentoun_n but_o if_o divorce_n follow_v upon_o impotency_n all_o thing_n return_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la because_o in_o effect_n there_o be_v no_o marriage_n as_o be_v find_v earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la lady_n eglintoun_n 17._o by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o marriage_n there_o arise_v to_o marry_a person_n not_o only_o these_o right_n which_o by_o voluntar_n contract_n be_v constitute_v to_o either_o and_o which_o be_v not_o proper_a here_o but_o also_o these_o which_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v competent_a without_o any_o special_a convention_n or_o covenant_n and_o these_o be_v either_o upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o husband_n or_o more_o frequent_o upon_o the_o part_n of_o the_o wife_n to_o the_o husband_n be_v competent_a the_o life-rent_a of_o the_o wife_n heretage_n which_o because_o it_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o these_o nation_n it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n or_o england_n to_o the_o wife_n arise_v her_o share_n of_o the_o movable_n which_o be_v the_o half_a where_o the_o man_n have_v no_o child_n in_o familia_fw-la and_o the_o three_o where_o there_o be_v such_o and_o her_o terce_n which_o be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o his_o land_n during_o her_o life_n but_o of_o reversion_n heritable_a bond_n disposition_n or_o right_n of_o land_n without_o infeftment_n and_o of_o teind_n or_o tack_n or_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n the_o relict_n have_v no_o terce_n these_o right_n of_o terce_n and_o courtesy_n fall_v in_o to_o be_v consider_v among_o the_o feudal_n right_n and_o the_o relic_n three_o or_o half_a of_o movable_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o movable_n wherein_o it_o be_v a_o concomitant_a and_o regulate_v according_a to_o that_o which_o be_v proper_a succession_n either_o of_o child_n or_o other_o though_o as_o to_o the_o wife_n it_o be_v rather_o a_o division_n of_o that_o community_n of_o good_n movable_a that_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o marry_a person_n during_o the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v insist_v on_o no_o further_a here_o but_o leave_v to_o these_o place_n and_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o kind_n of_o obediential_a obligation_n and_o natural_a right_n which_o intervene_v betwixt_o parent_n and_o child_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v favour_v and_o privilege_a wife_n in_o many_o case_n propter_fw-la fragilitatem_fw-la sexus_fw-la they_o be_v free_a from_o obliegement_n for_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o from_o personal_a execution_n by_o horning_n or_o caption_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o criminal_a cause_n their_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v preferable_a to_o other_o personal_a creditor_n february_n 8._o 1662._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o murray_n their_o share_n of_o their_o husband_n movable_n be_v not_o burden_v with_o the_o husband_n heritable_a debt_n december_n 28._o 1668._o margaret_n mckenzie_n contra_fw-la robertson_n july_n 19_o 1664._o elizabeth_n scrimzour_n contra_fw-la murrays_n yea_o gratuitous_a movable_a bond_n grant_v by_o a_o husband_n payable_a at_o his_o death_n whereby_o the_o whole_a executry_n will_v be_v exhaust_v and_o the_o wife_n have_v no_o share_n have_v no_o other_o provision_n the_o same_o be_v not_o find_v to_o affect_v the_o wife_n share_n but_o otherways_o such_o bond_n grant_v in_o liege_n poustie_n without_o fraud_n be_v find_v to_o come_v off_o the_o hail_n head_n and_o not_o off_o the_o dead_n part_n only_o december_n 8._o 1675._o thomson_n contra_fw-la executor_n of_o eleistoun_n and_o a_o wife_n be_v find_v not_o exclude_v from_o her_o share_n of_o her_o husband_n movable_n by_o a_o gratuitous_a disposition_n by_o her_o husband_n to_o his_o brother_n of_o all_o sum_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v at_o his_o death_n january_n 10._o 1679._o grant_v contra_fw-la grant_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o infeftment_n and_o provision_n of_o wife_n be_v effectual_a although_o the_o tocher_n which_o be_v the_o mutual_a cause_n thereof_o be_v not_o pay_v she_o not_o be_v oblige_v therefore_o herself_o though_o the_o contract_n bear_v that_o the_o tocher_n be_v pay_v it_o shall_v be_v employ_v to_o the_o wife_n use_n july_n 5._o 1665._o mackie_n contra_fw-la stuart_n the_o like_a though_o the_o contract_n bear_v that_o the_o husband_n shall_v employ_v the_o tocher_n for_o the_o wife_n in_o life-rent_a albeit_o the_o tocher_n be_v lose_v through_o the_o father_n insolvency_n june_n 11._o 1670._o margaret_n hunter_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o john_n peter_n the_o like_a though_o the_o contract_n bear_v that_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v no_o benefit_n while_o the_o tocher_n shall_v be_v full_o pay_v if_o the_o tocher_n can_v be_v recover_v by_o the_o husband_n diligence_n november_n 21._o 1671._o marry_o menzies_n contra_fw-la john_n corbet_n on_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n bear_v the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o tocher_n to_o the_o wife_n fail_v child_n albeit_o conceive_v passive_a and_o not_o that_o the_o husband_n be_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o or_o do_v diligence_n therefore_o yet_o the_o husband_n be_v find_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o half_a of_o the_o tocher_n although_o it_o be_v not_o recover_v unless_o he_o have_v do_v the_o diligence_n of_o a_o provident_a man_n which_o be_v find_v employ_v in_o his_o duty_n and_o trust_n as_o husband_n the_o wife_n be_v in_o potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la july_n 14._o 1676._o jean_n lockhart_n and_o raploch_n her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la james_n bonar_n and_o though_o husband_n have_v no_o communion_n in_o the_o habiliment_n and_o ornament_n of_o the_o wife_n which_o can_v be_v affect_v for_o his_o debt_n yet_o she_o have_v her_o share_n of_o the_o habiliment_n of_o the_o husband_n which_o fall_v in_o his_o executry_n and_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v all_o account_n for_o her_o habiliment_n suitable_a to_o her_o quality_n but_o where_o the_o wife_n have_v a_o alimentary_a provision_n for_o her_o habiliment_n ornament_n and_o her_o other_o use_v the_o husband_n have_v furnish_v they_o and_o receive_v that_o sum_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a to_o repay_v the_o same_o to_o her_o executour_n february_n 2._o 1667._o executour_n of_o the_o lady_n piltoun_n contra_fw-la hay_n of_o balhousie_n wife_n have_v not_o only_o a_o half_a or_o three_o of_o their_o husband_n movable_n when_o they_o survive_v but_o have_v their_o aliment_n till_o the_o next_o term_n after_o the_o husband_n
28._o 1632._o laird_n of_o ludquharn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o haddo_n this_o be_v presume_v prasumptione_fw-la juris_fw-la so_o that_o the_o narrative_a bear_v another_o clause_n be_v not_o respect_v and_o therefore_o a_o tutor_n acquire_v a_o discharge_n or_o assignation_n of_o a_o annualrent_a due_a by_o the_o pupil_n to_o his_o mother_n the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o pupil_n though_o it_o bear_v love_n and_o favour_n and_o for_o the_o tutor_n pain_n and_o discharge_v the_o office_n march_v 15._o 1629._o white_a contra_fw-la dowglas_n hope_v tutor_n duer_n contra_fw-la duer_n neither_o have_v the_o tutor_n ordinary_o action_n against_o the_o pupil_n till_o his_o office_n end_n and_o then_o he_o may_v pursue_v as_o a_o stranger_n hope_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la nasmith_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n likewise_o he_o may_v apprise_v the_o pupil_n land_n for_o his_o own_o debt_n the_o pupil_n have_v other_o tutor_n hope_v de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la white_a contra_fw-la calderwood_n so_o a_o tutrix_fw-la nominat_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v a_o registration_n of_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n against_o her_o pupil_n there_o be_v more_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la and_o she_o have_v renounce_v her_o office_n though_o she_o have_v act_v by_o subscribe_v deed_n not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o pupil_n july_n 30._o 1625._o lady_n stanyhill_n contra_fw-la she_o son_n 18._o tutor_n may_v only_o do_v necessary_a deed_n for_o their_o pupil_n either_o such_o as_o the_o pupil_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v as_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n which_o the_o tutor_n may_v do_v willing_o without_o compulsion_n of_o law_n or_o otherwise_o deed_n necessary_a for_o manage_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o set_v of_o his_o land_n or_o labour_v the_o same_o uplift_v his_o rent_n and_o annualrent_n uplift_v the_o sum_n that_o be_v not_o secure_v carry_v on_o any_o work_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o pupil_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v dispose_v of_o but_o tutor_n can_v sell_v the_o land_n or_o heritable_a right_n of_o their_o minor_n without_o a_o interveen_a decreet_a of_o a_o judge_n tit._n ff_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la sub_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o any_o such_o alienation_n be_v null_a without_o the_o cognition_n aforesaid_a which_o must_v be_v by_o call_v the_o creditor_n of_o the_o pupil_n and_o his_o near_a friend_n to_o hear_v and_o see_v it_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o sell_v the_o whole_a or_o a_o part_n of_o his_o heritable_a right_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n thereof_o may_v be_v determine_v in_o which_o it_o must_v appear_v that_o the_o pupil_n debt_n can_v otherways_o be_v satisfy_v the_o law_n allow_v the_o like_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o pupil_n aliment_n which_o can_v be_v afford_v otherways_o alienation_n so_o make_v be_v not_o easy_o reduceable_a or_o the_o pupil_n or_o minor_n restore_v against_o the_o same_o if_o the_o true_a cause_n have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o judge_n but_o not_o so_o if_o that_o have_v be_v latent_fw-la either_o dolo_fw-la or_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la l._n 11._o cod._n de_fw-fr praed_fw-we minor_fw-la non_fw-la alien_a and_o therefore_o a_o tutor_n assignation_n of_o his_o son_n and_o pupil_n mail_n and_o duty_n for_o the_o tutor_n own_o debt_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n even_o at_o the_o pupil_n tenant_n instance_n spot_n assignation_n land_n contra_fw-la land_n yet_o a_o tutor_n ratification_n of_o a_o reduceable_a decreet_a give_v against_o his_o minor_a be_v find_v valide_fw-la though_o voluntar_n be_v in_o re_fw-mi antiqua_fw-la spot_n tutor_n earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la george_n strang._n 19_o tutor_n and_o pro-tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n of_o their_o pupil_n money_n which_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v profitable_a in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v either_o liquid_a sum_n that_o they_o have_v in_o specie_fw-la or_o which_o the_o tutor_n take_v up_o which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o their_o pupil_n movable_n or_o rent_n of_o land_n after_o a_o term_n in_o money_n rend_v and_o a_o year_n in_o victual_n from_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o employ_v for_o their_o own_o use_n or_o profitable_o for_o pay_v of_o their_o debt_n or_o annualrent_n aliment_v they_o or_o other_o use_v necessary_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o oblige_v the_o tutor_n after_o he_o have_v the_o money_n two_o month_n in_o his_o hand_n but_o the_o novel_a constitution_n novel_a 72._o cap._n 6._o de_fw-la administrat_fw-la pecun_fw-fr pupilli_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o tutor_n either_o to_o keep_v the_o pupil_n money_n by_o he_o or_o to_o employ_v it_o for_o profit_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n annualrent_n be_v due_a even_o after_o the_o office_n be_v extinct_a by_o marriage_n the_o tutrix_fw-la have_v continue_v her_o intromission_n though_o there_o be_v other_o tutor_n july_n 17._o 1630._o vallange_n contra_fw-la kincaid_n but_o not_o for_o annual_a of_o the_o pupil_n annualrent_a though_o the_o tutor_n receive_v the_o same_o and_o they_o be_v great_a july_n 18._o 1629._o nasmith_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n but_o it_o be_v late_o find_v that_o a_o tutor_n by_o his_o office_n and_o diligence_n be_v oblige_v to_o lift_v and_o employ_v the_o pupil_n annualrent_n of_o sum_n in_o secure_a hand_n once_o in_o his_o tutory_a and_o so_o pay_v annual_a for_o the_o annualrent_n of_o his_o pupil_n sum_n omit_v to_o be_v uplift_v by_o he_o but_o only_o from_o the_o expire_n of_o the_o tutory_a january_n 27._o 1665._o mr._n william_n kintor_n advocate_n contra_fw-la john_n boid_n so_o a_o tutor_n be_v find_v liable_a for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o pupil_n annualrent_a within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o acceptance_n but_o not_o for_o the_o current_a annualrent_n during_o the_o tutory_a he_o leave_v the_o same_o employ_v for_o annualrent_a at_o the_o ishe_a thereof_o february_n 27._o 1673._o isobel_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la john_n grace_n a_o tutor_n heir_n be_v minor_a find_v not_o liable_a but_o only_o for_o annual_a after_o the_o intent_v of_o the_o cause_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi being_n silent_a twenty_o five_o year_n february_n 22._o 1634._o davidson_n contra_fw-la jack_n neither_o be_v the_o heir_n find_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n where_o the_o father_n die_v during_o his_o tutory_a hope_n the_o haered_a graham_n contra_fw-la crichtoun_n january_n 21._o 1665._o kintor_n contra_fw-la boyd_n 20._o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o their_o minor_n and_o must_v be_v convene_v with_o they_o by_o their_o creditor_n for_o their_o interest_n and_o be_v also_o decern_v with_o they_o for_o their_o interest_n upon_o which_o decreet_n personal_a execution_n be_v competent_a against_o tutor_n for_o any_o deed_n prestable_a by_o they_o by_o their_o office_n for_o example_n he_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v a_o vassal_n who_o the_o pupil_n predecessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v or_o grant_v a_o tack_v of_o land_n or_o a_o charter_n or_o seize_v where_o there_o have_v be_v a_o disposition_n before_o but_o in_o decreet_n for_o payment_n of_o liquid_a sum_n execution_n can_v be_v make_v against_o the_o mean_n of_o tutor_n unless_o they_o be_v special_o decern_v to_o make_v forthcoming_a so_o much_o of_o the_o pupil_n mean_n as_o they_o have_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o satisfy_v of_o the_o debt_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n which_o though_o it_o be_v oft_o do_v by_o a_o second_o process_n yet_o may_v be_v a_o distinct_a member_n of_o the_o first_o or_o by_o way_n of_o special_a charge_n in_o the_o discuss_n of_o a_o suspension_n raise_v by_o the_o tutor_n against_o creditor_n on_o that_o or_o other_o ground_n but_o the_o tutor_n oath_n be_v not_o sustain_v to_o prove_v against_o the_o pupil_n a_o agreement_n make_v by_o the_o defunct_a though_o there_o be_v concurrent_a probability_n and_o testificate_n december_n 11._o 1664._o eleis_fw-la contra_fw-la eleis_fw-la yet_o the_o tutor_n oath_n be_v sustain_v against_o the_o pupil_n as_o to_o the_o tutor_n intromission_n in_o name_n of_o the_o pupil_n that_o be_v factum_fw-la proprium_fw-la obliege_v also_o himself_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o hold_v as_o confess_v as_o be_v a_o party_n but_o be_v compel_v to_o depone_n by_o caption_n june_n 27._o 1665._o mr._n walter_n cant_n contra_fw-la james_n loch_n 21._o the_o last_o duty_n of_o tutor_n be_v to_o make_v a_o account_n and_o to_o restore_v and_o refound_v wherein_o they_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o account_v and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o pupil_n whole_a mean_n and_o estate_n not_o only_o for_o their_o intromission_n but_o for_o their_o omission_n and_o for_o such_o diligence_n as_o they_o use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n which_o seem_v sufficient_a in_o tutor_n testamentar_n see_v the_o office_n be_v gratuitous_a and_o free_a and_o not_o seek_v by_o they_o but_o in_o tutor_n of_o law_n and_o
naufrage_fw-la fire_n tumult_n or_o fall_v of_o house_n where_o the_o positive_a law_n give_v the_o double_a in_o case_n of_o denial_n of_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la in_o commiseration_n of_o these_o case_n for_o the_o public_a good_a l._n 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la but_o these_o case_n must_v be_v evident_a and_o the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o contract_n l._n 1._o §_o 3._o ff_n depositi_fw-la hence_o it_o follow_v that_o depositar_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o light_a fault_n or_o the_o perish_a or_o deterioration_n of_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la by_o casuality_n or_o accident_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o the_o depositar_n delay_n and_o not_o redeliver_v whether_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v liable_a to_o make_v it_o good_a the_o same_o question_n be_v also_o in_o mandate_n and_o the_o law_n be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o case_n unless_o the_o thing_n after_o the_o delay_n will_v have_v the_o same_o way_n perish_v if_o it_o have_v be_v restore_v l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la creditis_fw-la l._n 12._o §_o 3._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o the_o depositar_n peril_n be_v per_fw-la judicium_fw-la acceptum_fw-la the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v render_v because_o if_o the_o thing_n have_v be_v restore_v the_o owner_n may_v have_v sell_v it_o and_o so_o though_o it_o have_v perish_v he_o have_v be_v no_o loser_n yet_o this_o be_v partly_o penal_a and_o the_o adequat_fw-la ground_n of_o it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n of_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o that_o delinquence_n in_o not_o restore_v the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la to_o its_o owner_n when_o require_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o true_a interest_n and_o though_o possible_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v sell_v it_o before_o it_o have_v perish_v yet_o unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o know_a occasion_n or_o offer_v to_o have_v buy_v or_o purchase_v it_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o remain_v of_o it_o after_o delay_n equity_n will_v not_o conclude_v the_o make_n up_o of_o what_o have_v so_o perish_v in_o this_o we_o be_v not_o bound_v with_o any_o positive_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o equity_n in_o it_o with_o we_o may_v take_v place_n and_o we_o be_v not_o severe_a in_o diligence_n of_o mandatar_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o former_a paragraph_n neither_o yet_o in_o custody_n and_o therefore_o a_o person_n have_v receive_v money_n in_o keep_v and_o it_o be_v demand_v he_o do_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v send_v with_o his_o own_o to_o dundee_n for_o safety_n and_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v it_o there_o for_o send_v for_o and_o thereafter_o dundee_n be_v take_v and_o plunder_v he_o be_v liberat_fw-la give_v his_o oath_n that_o the_o money_n he_o get_v in_o keep_v be_v lose_v there_o july_n 19_o 1662._o fidde_v contra_fw-la jack_n and_o a_o horse_n be_v put_v in_o the_o park_n of_o halyroodbouse_n for_o grassing_n though_o he_o be_v lose_v the_o keeper_n be_v find_v free_a because_o there_o be_v a_o placat_fw-la on_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o park_n that_o the_o horse_n to_o be_v put_v there_o be_v upon_o their_o master_n peril_n though_o this_o horse_n be_v deliver_v to_o a_o servant_n who_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o placat_fw-la november_n 16._o 1667._o whitehead_n of_o park_n contra_fw-la john_n straitoun_n 50._o in_o the_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v a_o depositation_n of_o special_a nature_n institute_n by_o the_o edict_n nautae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularij_fw-la quod_fw-la cujusque_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la reciperunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la restituant_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la judicium_fw-la dabo_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la by_o this_o edict_n positive_a law_n for_o utility_n sake_n have_v appoint_v that_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o passenger_n in_o ship_n or_o voyager_n in_o inn_n or_o in_o stable_n shall_v be_v far_o extend_v beyond_o the_o nature_n of_o depositation_n which_o obliege_v only_o for_o fraud_n or_o supine_n negligence_n they_o who_o have_v express_o contract_v for_o their_o own_o fact_n but_o this_o edict_n for_o public_a utility_n sake_n extend_v it_o first_o to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o good_n of_o passenger_n and_o voyager_n and_o reparation_n of_o any_o loss_n or_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o mariner_n or_o servant_n of_o the_o inn_n or_o stable_a l._n 1._o §_o 8._o eodem_fw-la whereas_o by_o the_o common_a law_n before_o that_o edict_n in_o this_o and_o other_o such_o case_n there_o be_v no_o such_o obligement_n much_o less_o be_v person_n now_o oblige_v for_o their_o hire_a servant_n fact_n or_o fault_n except_o where_o they_o be_v special_o entrust_v by_o they_o but_o because_o the_o theft_n and_o loss_n of_o such_o good_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o ship_n inn_n and_o stable_n before_o this_o edict_n be_v introduce_v for_o the_o security_n of_o traveller_n l._n 1._o §_o eodem_fw-la second_o the_o edict_n extend_v this_o obligement_n even_o to_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o other_o passenger_n or_o voyager_n of_o the_o ship_n inn_n or_o stable_a for_o the_o which_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n innkeeper_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o stable_a can_v be_v no_o way_n oblige_v but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o edict_n three_o they_o be_v make_v liable_a for_o the_o loss_n or_o theft_n of_o such_o thing_n absolute_o from_o which_o they_o be_v free_a by_o no_o diligence_n but_o be_v not_o liable_a for_o accident_n or_o force_n by_o nautae_fw-la in_o the_o edict_n be_v understand_v not_o the_o mariner_n but_o the_o exercitor_n or_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o who_o the_o profit_n belong_v and_o so_o the_o master_n of_o the_o inn_n or_o stable_a and_o by_o the_o statute_n they_o be_v only_o liable_a for_o that_o quod_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la reciperunt_fw-la that_o which_o they_o receive_v in_o custody_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o such_o other_o as_o they_o entrust_v to_o admit_v passenger_n or_o voyager_n their_o good_n and_o horse_n l._n 1._o §_o 2._o eodem_fw-la whether_o the_o same_o be_v ware_n clothes_n cloag-bag_n and_o other_o furnish_n for_o passenger_n or_o voyager_n or_o the_o furniture_n of_o horse_n in_o stable_n l._n 1._o §_o 6._o eodem_fw-la or_o whether_o other_o thing_n bring_v in_o the_o more_o common_a opinion_n be_v albeit_o the_o thing_n bring_v in_o be_v neither_o know_v or_o show_v to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n inn_n or_o stable_a they_o be_v liable_a for_o restitution_n l._n 1._o §_o 8._o eodem_fw-la and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v want_v the_o party_n loser_n have_v jur_fw-la amentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la and_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o show_v what_o be_v in_o his_o clogbag_n pocket_n etc._n etc._n gloss._n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o all_o which_o be_v render_v l._n 1._o ibidem_fw-la because_o it_o be_v in_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n option_n to_o receive_v such_o person_n or_o not_o and_o consequent_o if_o he_o doubt_v of_o their_o trust_n in_o case_n they_o allege_v any_o thing_n want_v he_o may_v refuse_v they_o access_n unless_o they_o show_v what_o they_o have_v otherways_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o trust_v their_o oath_n without_o which_o this_o benefit_n will_v be_v useless_a they_o be_v also_o not_o only_o liable_a for_o what_o be_v receive_v and_o enter_v in_o the_o ship_n or_o inn_n but_o also_o if_o it_o be_v express_o receive_v for_o that_o end_n else_o where_o by_o these_o have_a power_n and_o if_o it_o be_v lose_v before_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o ship_n as_o on_o the_o shoar_n l._n 3._o ibid._n neither_o be_v these_o person_n liberate_a by_o bid_v each_o man_n look_v to_o his_o own_o good_n unless_o the_o passenger_n consent_n l._n 7._o eodem_fw-la but_o their_o silence_n will_v not_o import_v their_o consent_n when_o they_o be_v enter_v and_o in_o their_o passage_n yet_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o express_v before_o or_o at_o their_o entry_n when_o it_o be_v free_a to_o they_o to_o enter_v or_o not_o such_o silence_n will_v sufficient_o infer_v consent_n neither_o be_v they_o free_a though_o the_o passenger_n take_v the_o key_n of_o the_o chamber_n or_o chest_n himself_o which_o be_v but_o propter_fw-la majorem_fw-la securitatem_fw-la and_o not_o to_o liberate_v their_o obleigment_n especial_o see_v they_o may_v have_v other_o key_n which_o the_o passenger_n can_v know_v this_o excellent_a edict_n be_v but_o positive_a will_v be_v effectual_a with_o we_o only_o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v own_v it_o especial_o in_o maritime_a matter_n betwixt_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n or_o in_o so_o far_o as_o our_o own_o custom_n have_v receive_v it_o at_o home_n but_o the_o evident_a expediencie_n of_o it_o can_v but_o make_v it_o acceptable_a any_o where_o where_o the_o least_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v find_v therefore_o that_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n
by_o their_o warrant_n or_o commission_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o all_o person_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o such_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o make_v just_a reparation_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v just_o and_o necessary_o allow_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n for_o if_o private_a person_n be_v injure_v by_o these_o who_o be_v not_o under_o one_o common_a authority_n with_o they_o by_o piracy_n pillage_n or_o otherways_o ofttimes_o they_o can_v know_v the_o injurer_n and_o all_o force_n be_v state_v in_o public_a authority_n they_o can_v make_v use_n thereof_o to_o redress_v or_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v only_o make_v application_n to_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o that_o society_n of_o people_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n and_o represent_v and_o instruct_v the_o injury_n and_o damage_n sustain_v by_o they_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n and_o thereupon_o desire_v that_o a_o redress_n may_v be_v demand_v which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o ambassador_n or_o other_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o if_o redress_n be_v not_o so_o obtain_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v may_v and_o aught_o to_o give_v commission_n for_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o any_o of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o society_n whereof_o the_o injurer_n be_v member_n till_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o reparation_n be_v obtain_v and_o though_o there_o be_v that_o singularity_n in_o it_o that_o the_o good_n of_o these_o who_o do_v not_o the_o injury_n be_v take_v to_o satisfy_v the_o same_o yet_o therein_o there_o be_v not_o only_a necessity_n but_o moral_a justice_n allow_v and_o approven_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n by_o their_o common_a consent_n for_o without_o this_o society_n can_v not_o be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o the_o public_a association_n of_o people_n imply_v this_o in_o it_o that_o the_o society_n be_v liable_a for_o reparation_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o damage_n of_o any_o of_o their_o society_n when_o reparation_n be_v refuse_v reprysal_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v thereby_o seize_v aught_o to_o be_v adjndged_a in_o court_n of_o admiralty_n wherein_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n seize_v belong_v to_o person_n of_o that_o society_n of_o which_o the_o injurer_n be_v a_o member_n and_o to_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n they_o be_v worth_a where_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a of_o their_o damage_n and_o interest_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n so_o that_o the_o excress_n shall_v be_v forthco_n ming_z to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o satisfaction_n be_v obtain_v the_o reprysal_n ought_v to_o ceass_n neither_o do_v the_o usemaking_a of_o reprysal_n in_o this_o just_a order_n and_o measure_n import_v the_o breach_n of_o treaty_n or_o common_a peace_n or_o infer_v public_a war_n though_o they_o may_v become_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o 43._o but_o where_o the_o injury_n be_v public_a and_o attrocious_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v necessary_o and_o just_o allow_v public_a war_n not_o only_o to_o reach_v the_o moveable_n of_o public_a enemy_n but_o their_o territory_n jurisdiction_n and_o estate_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n of_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v so_o measure_v nor_o be_v it_o so_o consider_v as_o in_o reprysal_n that_o which_o accrue_v to_o private_a person_n in_o war_n be_v only_o the_o give_v of_o quarter_n or_o get_v of_o spoil_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v or_o permit_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o be_v ordinar_n to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o defate_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o seize_v upon_o and_o appropriate_v such_o moveable_n as_o be_v upon_o their_o enemy_n person_n or_o in_o their_o baggage_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o encourage_n of_o soldier_n besiege_v and_o for_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o besiege_a the_o plunder_v of_o place_n gain_v by_o force_n be_v for_o some_o time_n permit_v and_o cease_v so_o soon_o as_o countermand_v in_o other_o case_n what_o belong_v to_o enemy_n be_v confiscate_v for_o public_a use_n and_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n 44._o the_o main_a private_a interest_n in_o public_a war_n be_v that_o which_o accrue_v by_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o admiral_n for_o seize_v and_o appropriate_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o public_a enemy_n and_o of_o these_o who_o become_v partaker_n of_o the_o war_n and_o who_o carry_v not_o themselves_o as_o friend_n or_o newter_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n for_o by_o our_o custom_n albeit_o such_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o public_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o state_n yet_o private_a person_n who_o undertake_v these_o commission_n have_v the_o expense_n and_o profit_n of_o these_o seazure_n pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o ten_o part_n to_o the_o admiral_n there_o have_v be_v many_o question_n as_o to_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n very_o full_o and_o accurat_o debate_v and_o decide_v in_o the_o session_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o late_a war_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o because_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o clear_v the_o important_a point_n that_o occur_v in_o these_o controversy_n and_o for_o vindicate_v of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o short_a method_n we_o can_v give_v account_n of_o what_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o all_o the_o pryze_n which_o come_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o these_o war_n the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o judge_n ordinar_n and_o the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n of_o all_o prize_v take_v at_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o or_o depend_v before_o the_o parliament_n or_o their_o commissioner_n do_v upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n before_o final_a sentence_n advocate_n such_o cause_n wherein_o they_o find_v probable_a ground_n of_o iniquity_n allege_v and_o instruct_v or_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n after_o sentence_n do_v grant_v letter_n of_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n of_o the_o admiral_n decreet_n whereupon_o all_o intricat_a and_o difficile_a question_n in_o matter_n of_o pryze_n come_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v no_o question_n when_o the_o good_n and_o ship_n seize_v on_o belong_v to_o enemy_n but_o only_o when_o they_o do_v belong_v or_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o ally_n or_o newter_n the_o lord_n upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n yet_o they_o find_v both_o by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o power_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n in_o former_a time_n that_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n upon_o iniquity_n albeit_o the_o process_n can_v begin_v before_o they_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n ordinar_n council_n all_o matter_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o another_o court_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v and_o oft_o have_v advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o justice_n general_n and_o other_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n albeit_o the_o lord_n can_v decide_v these_o cause_n as_o be_v only_a judge_n in_o cause_n civil_a yet_o they_o may_v advocate_n the_o same_o that_o in_o case_n the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v relevant_a and_o prove_v they_o may_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o proper_a and_o competent_a judge_n if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v upon_o incompetency_n or_o to_o other_o unsuspect_v judge_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o cause_n or_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n or_o have_v enmity_n against_o any_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o advocation_n raise_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o bounder_n against_o captain_n gilleis_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v commit_v iniquity_n in_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o loadn_v the_o lord_n find_v this_o no_o relevant_a ground_n of_o advocation_n of_o the_o cause_n it_o be_v
immediate_a vassal_n but_o by_o all_o subaltern_a vassal_n and_o will_v not_o only_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o deed_n of_o treason_n commit_v against_o he_o by_o his_o sub-vassal_n but_o by_o all_o deed_n of_o attrocity_n do_v against_o another_o superior_a by_o his_o sub-vassal_n as_o if_o his_o sub-vassal_n shall_v kill_v wound_n or_o betray_v his_o superior_a so_o that_o the_o question_n behove_v to_o return_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o feudal_a contract_n or_o obligation_n of_o fidelity_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o sub-vassal_n for_o if_o that_o be_v than_o vassal_n may_v fall_v in_o recognition_n by_o such_o deed_n not_o only_o against_o their_o immediate_a superior_n but_o against_o all_o their_o mediate_v superior_n though_o never_o so_o many_o for_o though_o the_o case_n in_o question_n be_v most_o odious_a and_o unfavourable_a be_v rebellion_n yet_o it_o have_v its_o proper_a punishment_n introduce_v by_o law_n and_o statute_n whereby_o the_o rebel_n lose_v life_n land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o king_n to_o who_o all_o his_o subject_n owe_v fidelity_n as_o subject_n though_o all_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o feudal_a fidelity_n as_o vassal_n yet_o if_o recognition_n take_v place_n as_o to_o the_o king_n it_o must_v likewise_o fall_v to_o all_o other_o superior_n whatever_o way_n the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n feu_n blensh_fw-mi or_o mortification_n if_o they_o have_v not_o a_o confirmation_n or_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a anterior_a to_o the_o deed_n infer_v recognition_n we_o shall_v not_o therefore_o anticipat_v the_o public_a determination_n of_o the_o question_n if_o custom_n have_v determine_v it_o what_o will_v take_v place_n for_o all_o feudal_a right_n be_v local_a but_o there_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v any_o case_n by_o which_o a_o donatar_n by_o his_o gift_n and_o presentation_n be_v infeft_v in_o the_o fee_n of_o the_o king_n sub-vassal_n forefault_n have_v exclude_v these_o who_o have_v real_a right_n from_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n before_o the_o treasonable_a fact_n though_o much_o have_v be_v dispute_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o par._n 9_o cap._n 2._o concern_v the_o quinquennial_a possession_n of_o forfaulted_a person_n especial_o from_o the_o last_o clause_n thereof_o bear_v that_o no_o person_n present_v by_o the_o king_n to_o feu_fw-fr land_n forefault_v nor_o any_o vassal_n of_o any_o fever_n forefault_v shall_v be_v compel_v to_o produce_v their_o acquittance_n of_o their_o feu-mail_n or_o annualrent_n of_o their_o forefaulted_a land_n of_o any_o year_n precede_v the_o forefaulture_n which_o do_v clear_o acknowledge_v that_o when_o the_o fever_n right_o be_v forefault_v his_o sub-vassal_n right_o be_v not_o forefaut_v yet_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o will_v not_o end_v the_o controversy_n by_o the_o act_n 72._o par._n 1457._o because_o these_o right_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a fever_n may_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n special_o or_o general_o by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1457._o but_o the_o general_a confirmation_n from_o that_o act_n can_v have_v no_o effect_n because_o the_o the_o sub-vassal_n who_o right_n be_v preserve_v by_o the_o act_n be_v not_o feve_v grant_v by_o ward-holders_n but_o be_v subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefaulted_a fever_n and_o without_o question_n the_o king_n have_v give_v no_o consent_n to_o any_o to_o grant_v feve_n but_o to_o ward-holders_n only_a for_o though_o the_o law_n hinder_v they_o to_o grant_v sub-feves_a or_o annualrent_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o consent_n or_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n thereto_o therefore_o if_o the_o king_n his_o immediate_a vassal_n be_v forefault_v all_o the_o ancient_a feve_n grant_v by_o he_o of_o the_o land_n hold_v ward_n will_v stand_v valid_a as_o be_v consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n by_o the_o foresay_a statute_n but_o the_o feve_v grant_v by_o he_o of_o land_n hold_v blensh_o or_o feu_fw-fr will_v fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o his_o own_o feu_n or_o blensh_fw-mi and_o can_v defend_v against_o forefaulture_n more_o than_o annualrent_n or_o lucrative_a tack_n grant_v by_o he_o which_o law_n do_v allow_v and_o yet_o fall_v with_o his_o right_n unless_o consent_v to_o or_o confirm_v by_o the_o superior_a title_n xxii_o prescription_n 1._o prescription_n distinguish_v and_o describe_v 2._o usucapion_n 3._o the_o several_a time_n require_v to_o usucapion_n or_o prescription_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n 4._o requisite_n to_o prescription_n 5._o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la requisite_a to_o prescription_n 6._o whether_o he_o who_o doubt_v of_o his_o author_n right_o be_v in_o bona_fw-la or_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la 7._o evidence_n of_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la 8._o the_o title_n requisite_a to_o prescription_n 9_o the_o motive_n inductive_a of_o prescription_n 10._o exception_n where_o prescription_n take_v no_o place_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n 11._o the_o common_a rule_n of_o prescription_n with_o we_o 12._o the_o beginning_n of_o prescription_n of_o personal_a right_n with_o the_o extension_n thereof_o 13._o prescription_n of_o movable_n 14._o prescription_n be_v reckon_v the_o momento_n in_o momentum_fw-la per_fw-la tempus_fw-la continuum_fw-la 15._o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 16._o prescription_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o the_o right_n of_o superiority_n 17._o prescription_n run_v not_o for_o tenant_n against_o their_o master_n 18._o prescription_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n but_o there_o be_v no_o exception_n of_o mortification_n to_o pious_a use_n 19_o in_o our_o long_a prescription_n bona_fw-la fides_n be_v not_o require_v 20._o the_o title_n requisite_a in_o prescription_n of_o heritable_a right_n 21._o this_o long_a prescription_n secure_v wodset_n infeftment_n for_o security_n teind_n and_o long_a tack_n 22._o how_o far_o teind_n can_v prescribe_v 23._o this_o prescription_n extend_v to_o patronage_n and_o office_n 24._o and_o to_o thirleage_v and_o all_o servitude_n 25._o this_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o action_n and_o ground_n of_o reduction_n and_o declarator_n if_o the_o essential_o of_o the_o title_n appear_v 26._o the_o several_a way_n of_o interruption_n of_o prescription_n 27._o the_o way_n of_o interruption_n by_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o as_o to_o special_a right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o letter_n of_o publication_n 28._o the_o annual_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o appearand_a heir_n intra_fw-la annum_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 29._o the_o biennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o defunct_n to_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o heir_n 30._o triennial_n prescription_n of_o spuilzie_n ejection_n intrusion_n and_o succeed_a in_o the_o vice_n merchants-counts_a house-mails_a and_o remove_n 31._o quadrennial_a prescription_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o reduce_v deed_n of_o minor_n intra_fw-la quadrennium_fw-la utile_fw-la 32._o quinquennial_a prescription_n of_o arrestment_n minister_n stipend_n multure_n rent_n of_o tenant_n remove_v and_o legal_a reversion_n of_o special_a adjudication_n 33._o septennial_a prescription_n of_o old_a apprising_n and_o summon_n for_o interruption_n 34._o decennial_a prescription_n of_o late_a apprising_n or_o general_a adjudication_n 35._o prescription_n of_o twenty_o year_n of_o holograph_n bond_n missive_n and_o subscription_n in_o count-book_n without_o witness_n 36._o no_o prescription_n run_v in_o minority_n except_o remove_n house-mails_a and_o merchants-counts_a 1._o prescription_n be_v the_o common_a extinction_n and_o abolish_n of_o all_o right_n and_o therefore_o be_v reserve_v here_o to_o the_o last_o place_n the_o name_n and_o nature_n whereof_o we_o have_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n wherein_o prescription_n be_v sometime_o large_o take_v for_o any_o exception_n but_o have_v be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o most_o common_a exception_n in_o all_o case_n whereby_o all_o action_n and_o cause_n be_v exclude_v by_o course_n of_o time_n and_o so_o prescription_n have_v no_o further_a effect_n then_o to_o maintain_v the_o possessor_n in_o possession_n by_o exception_n but_o not_o to_o recover_v possession_n be_v lose_v and_o can_v not_o constitute_v the_o right_n of_o property_n 2._o in_o this_o prescription_n do_v chief_o differ_v from_o usucapion_n by_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n that_o usucapion_n do_v constitute_v property_n and_o therefore_o be_v define_v by_o modestinus_n l._n 3._o ff_n de_fw-fr usucapione_n adjectio_fw-la vel_fw-la acquisitio_fw-la dominii_fw-la per_fw-la continuationem_fw-la possessionis_fw-la temporis_fw-la lege_fw-la definiti_fw-la to_o which_o description_n the_o name_n do_v agree_v for_o usucapere_a est_fw-la capere_fw-la ex_fw-la usu_fw-la aut_fw-la possessione_n to_o take_v or_o acquire_v by_o use_n or_o possession_n but_o every_o possession_n be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v a_o possession_n as_o proprietar_n or_o for_o the_o possessor_n own_o use_n only_o so_o detention_n of_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o name_n and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o another_o and_o for_o the_o possessor_n only_o in_o security_n as_o a_o pledge_n or_o wodset_n can_v constitute_v property_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o usucapion_n
general_o in_o know_v and_o not_o restrain_v the_o common_a and_o know_a inclination_n of_o the_o actor_n towards_o delinquence_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o when_o a_o master_n keep_v outrageous_a and_o pernicicious_a servant_n or_o beast_n and_o therefore_o in_o many_o case_n even_o by_o natural_a equity_n the_o master_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o damnage_n do_v by_o his_o beast_n as_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o the_o judicial_a law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o push_a ox_n which_o if_o it_o be_v accustom_v that_o he_o push_v before-time_n the_o owner_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o damnage_n thereof_o as_o be_v oblige_v to_o restrain_v but_o if_o not_o he_o be_v free_a so_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o mastiff_n and_o other_o dog_n if_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o assault_v man_n their_o good_n or_o cattle_n and_o be_v not_o destroy_v or_o restrain_v their_o owner_n be_v liable_a hence_o also_o be_v that_o famous_a edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n nuntae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularii_fw-la quod_fw-la salvum_fw-la fore_fw-la receperunt_fw-la nisi_fw-la restituant_fw-la in_o eos_fw-la judicium_fw-la dabo_fw-la by_o which_o the_o master_n of_o tavern_n stable_n or_o ship_n be_v liable_a for_o restitution_n of_o what_o be_v bring_v in_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o employment_n of_o the_o damnage_n that_o may_v be_v sustain_v by_o their_o servant_n or_o any_o other_o that_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v there_o for_o the_o time_n concomitant_a accession_n be_v when_o the_o accessory_n be_v not_o equal_o concurrent_a in_o the_o act_n but_o countenance_n or_o otherways_o assist_v abett_o cherish_v praise_n or_o connive_v at_o the_o delinquence_n posterior_n accession_n be_v by_o ratihabition_n approbation_n praise_n 〈◊〉_d defence_n or_o support_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o order_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d all_o these_o 〈◊〉_d in_o our_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o part._n as_o to_o the_o question_n then_o who_o of_o these_o co-operants_a be_v oblige_v and_o how_o far_o first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o where_o the_o delinquence_n be_v commit_v by_o many_o alike_o there_o all_o of_o they_o be_v liable_a alike_o but_o whether_o in_o equity_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la or_o for_o the_o whole_a reparation_n it_o be_v not_o so_o 〈◊〉_d positive_a law_n have_v make_v they_o all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la for_o the_o repress_v such_o concurrence_n and_o that_o the_o injure_a be_v not_o put_v to_o the_o trouble_n of_o seek_v in_o by_o part_n from_o the_o several_a delinquent_n yet_o equity_n will_v rather_o lay_v the_o reparation_n of_o every_o man_n part_n upon_o himself_o and_o in_o case_n of_o his_o not_o be_v find_v solvent_a or_o sufficient_a upon_o the_o rest_n make_v up_o with_o all_o the_o trouble_n of_o obtain_v reparation_n from_o many_o by_o refound_v the_o expense_n in_o obtain_v thereof_o and_o the_o labour_n and_o pain_n and_o content_a of_o the_o injure_a as_o to_o the_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n of_o many_o concur_v delinquent_n if_o a_o army_n or_o a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o a_o mutiny_n all_o shoot_n at_o on_o person_n if_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v just_a for_o that_o one_o life_n to_o take_v the_o life_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o because_o it_o can_v be_v know_v who_o ball_n kill_v the_o man_n it_o be_v accustom_v and_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n by_o lot_n to_o single_a out_o who_o be_v to_o suffer_v and_o the_o rest_n be_v free_a from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v as_o in_o the_o punishment_n so_o in_o reparation_n fellow_n delinquent_n socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la be_v to_o concur_v in_o the_o reparation_n as_o they_o concur_v in_o the_o action_n though_o as_o have_v be_v say_v positive_a law_n do_v well_o to_o make_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la yet_o so_o that_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o one_o or_o more_o liberat_o the_o rest_n second_o as_o to_o the_o accessary_a delinquent_n though_o delinquent_n by_o command_n be_v number_v among_o they_o yet_o as_o we_o say_v he_o do_v that_o cause_v do_v therefore_o such_o be_v proper_a efficient_n though_o mediate_v and_o therefore_o no_o less_o liable_a than_o concurrent_n three_o other_o accessory_n albeit_o by_o positive_a law_n they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d all_o or_o many_o of_o they_o make_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la yet_o as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o concurrent_n in_o equity_n they_o be_v liable_a but_o according_a to_o the_o influence_n they_o have_v in_o the_o delinquence_n but_o in_o these_o the_o obligation_n may_v be_v much_o more_o to_o the_o punishment_n where_o the_o will_n come_v in_o to_o be_v consider_v with_o the_o act_n then_o in_o the_o reparation_n where_o the_o damnage_n which_o be_v the_o outward_a and_o more_o conspicuous_a thing_n be_v main_o consider_v but_o in_o these_o we_o shall_v insist_v no_o further_o but_o come_v to_o the_o obligation_n by_o delinquence_n which_o be_v civil_o cognoscible_a by_o our_o custom_n according_a to_o their_o know_a name_n and_o title_n in_o law_n which_o though_o they_o do_v rather_o signify_v the_o act_n or_o action_n whereby_o such_o obligation_n be_v incur_v or_o prosecute_v than_o the_o obligation_n themselves_o yet_o will_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o hold_v out_o both_o 6._o these_o be_v either_o general_a have_v no_o particular_a name_n or_o designation_n and_o such_o be_v pursue_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o damnage_n and_o interest_n which_o have_v as_o many_o branch_n and_o specialty_n as_o there_o can_v be_v valuable_a and_o reparable_a damnage_n beside_o these_o of_o a_o special_a name_n and_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o these_o assythment_n extortion_n circumvention_n spuilzie_n intrusion_n ejection_n molestation_n breach_n of_o arrestment_n deforcement_n contravention_n 7._o assythment_n as_o it_o signify_v the_o reparation_n make_v so_o it_o insinuat_v the_o obligation_n to_o repair_v damnage_v sustain_v by_o slaughter_n mutilation_n or_o other_o injury_n in_o the_o member_n or_o health_n of_o the_o body_n but_o it_o be_v chief_o pursue_v by_o the_o wife_n or_o bairn_n or_o near_a of_o kin_n of_o party_n slay_v in_o other_o case_n it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o party_n mutilat_fw-la or_o hurt_v or_o otherways_o prejudge_v by_o the_o muti_fw-la the_o mutilation_n or_o hurt_v and_o though_o the_o private_a interest_n be_v only_o for_o reparation_n of_o damnage_n and_o loss_n yet_o our_o custom_n apply_v much_o of_o that_o which_o be_v penal_a therein_o to_o the_o injure_v and_o therefore_o consideration_n be_v have_v of_o the_o ability_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o the_o assythment_n be_v according_o modify_v all_o circumstance_n be_v consider_v and_o that_o either_o against_o the_o principal_a offender_n or_o the_o accessory_n so_o be_v it_o find_v in_o the_o pursuit_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o patrick_n and_o isobel_n greer_n for_o the_o assythment_n and_o slaughter_n of_o their_o brother_n against_o thomas_n horn_n baxter_n nic._n de_fw-fr siccariis_fw-la this_o action_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o it_o be_v sustain_v though_o there_o be_v no_o particular_a quantity_n of_o damnage_n libel_v but_o the_o same_o refer_v to_o the_o lord_n spot_n summons_n and_o libel_n and_o though_o it_o be_v pursue_v by_o one_o of_o many_o brethren_n his_o part_n be_v decern_v reserve_v the_o right_n of_o the_o rest_n january_n 8._o 1577._o ker_n contra_fw-la yea_o it_o be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o some_o of_o the_o kin_n though_o not_o of_o the_o near_a degree_n and_o though_o there_o be_v not_o some_o concur_v of_o the_o four_o branch_n of_o the_o slay_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n in_o this_o action_n if_o the_o defender_n have_v take_v remission_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o greer_n and_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v january_n 25._o 1611._o draw_v contra_fw-la home_n in_o montrose_n where_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o free_v though_o he_o have_v a_o acknowledgement_n under_o the_o defunct_n hand_n and_o that_o he_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o wound_n and_o therefore_o quit_v the_o wrong_n assythment_n be_v a_o privilege_a action_n as_o recent_a spulzie_n par._n 1528._o cap._n 7._o 8._o extortion_n signify_v the_o act_n of_o force_n or_o other_o mean_a of_o fear_n whereby_o a_o person_n be_v compel_v to_o do_v that_o which_o of_o their_o proper_a inclination_n they_o will_v not_o have_v do_v it_o do_v also_o imply_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o injurer_n to_o the_o injure_v to_o repair_v his_o loss_n and_o damnage_n by_o such_o act_n thing_n so_o do_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v vi_fw-la majori_fw-la or_o metus_fw-la causa_fw-la by_o force_n or_o fear_n deed_n or_o obligation_n extort_a be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o equity_n efficacious_a because_o they_o have_v true_o the_o consent_n or_o act_v of_o the_o will_n by_o which_o such_o right_n be_v constitute_v and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n have_v no_o civil_a remeid_v in_o their_o ancient_a
in_o gratification_n or_o preference_n of_o one_o creditor_n to_o another_o who_o have_v do_v more_o timeous_a diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n arrestment_n compryze_a or_o other_o lawful_a mean_n due_o to_o affect_v the_o dyver_n land_n or_o good_n or_o price_n thereof_o the_o meaning_n be_v that_o when_o these_o diligence_n be_v not_o complete_a but_o inchoat_fw-la and_o the_o creditor_n be_v in_o cursu_fw-la diligentiae_fw-la the_o debtor_n or_o his_o trustee_n can_v prevent_v the_o course_n of_o that_o diligence_n by_o prefer_v another_o creditor_n do_v less_o diligence_n for_o if_o the_o meaning_n be_v of_o apprize_a perfect_v by_o infeftment_n or_o arrestment_n by_o decreet_a to_o make_v forthcoming_a there_o need_v not_o this_o remeid_v for_o these_o diligence_n be_v complete_a will_v exclude_v any_o other_o posterior_n disposition_n or_o diligence_n yea_o inhibition_n if_o the_o execution_n be_v complete_a and_o registrat_n will_v of_o itself_o be_v effectual_a to_o reduce_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la but_o if_o these_o diligence_n be_v only_o inchoat_fw-la as_o if_o the_o inhibitor_n have_v begin_v his_o execution_n but_o have_v not_o complete_v it_o at_o all_o the_o mercat_n cross_v requisite_a any_o disposition_n infeftment_n or_o other_o real_a right_o make_v to_o another_o creditor_n medio_fw-la tempore_fw-la less_o vigilant_a be_v anullable_n thereby_o december_n 15._o 1665._o and_o february_n 27._o 1667._o mr._n john_n eleis_fw-la contra_fw-la keith_n and_o wishart_n or_o if_o land_n be_v denunce_v to_o be_v apprise_v or_o summons_n of_o adjudication_n be_v execute_v right_n thereafter_o make_v to_o other_o creditor_n do_v less_o diligence_n in_o cursu_fw-la diligentiae_fw-la with_o the_o first_o be_v thereby_o reducible_a although_o do_v before_o the_o decreet_a of_o appryse_v or_o infeftment_n but_o inhibition_n appryse_v or_o adjudication_n inchoat_fw-la have_v no_o effect_n as_o to_o movable_a right_n not_o be_v as_o the_o statute_n require_v diligence_n due_o to_o affect_v that_o subject_n neither_o do_v the_o lay_n on_o of_o arrestment_n affect_v heritable_a right_n and_o so_o can_v hinder_v the_o debtor_n to_o dispone_v these_o to_o lawful_a creditor_n do_v less_o diligence_n but_o horning_n be_v a_o diligence_n relate_v both_o to_o the_o movable_a estate_n by_o single_a escheat_n and_o the_o heritable_a estate_n by_o liferent_a escheat_n and_o therefore_o after_o the_o charge_n of_o horning_n it_o be_v effectual_a february_n 12._o 1675._o veach_n contra_fw-la the_o executor_n of_o ker_n and_o pallat._n july_n 18._o 1677._o murray_n of_o kilor_n contra_fw-la drummond_n of_o machany_n january_n 25._o 1681._o bathgate_n contra_fw-la bogil_n it_o have_v not_o be_v yet_o clear_v by_o practice_n if_o insist_v in_o process_n for_o constitute_a debt_n be_v comprehend_v under_o other_o lawful_a mean_n due_o to_o affect_v the_o debtor_n land_n or_o good_n but_o this_o statute_n will_v not_o 〈◊〉_d disposition_n or_o other_o right_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o these_o person_n who_o have_v use_v the_o most_o effectual_a diligence_n due_o to_o affect_v the_o subject_a because_o this_o prevent_v expense_n prejudicial_a both_o to_o the_o debtor_n and_o con-creditor_n and_o be_v not_o contrary_a this_o statute_n neither_o will_v disposition_n or_o other_o right_n for_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a make_v to_o creditor_n be_v annul_v if_o not_o do_v in_o cursu_fw-la diligentiae_fw-la but_o if_o the_o con-creditor_n insist_v not_o in_o his_o inchoat_fw-la dillgence_n till_o it_o be_v complete_a he_o have_v not_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o statute_n vigilantibus_fw-la non_fw-la dormientibus_fw-la jura_fw-la subveniunt_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o disposition_n be_v not_o reduce_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o creditor_n who_o have_v apprise_v before_o the_o disposition_n but_o for_o several_a year_n have_v neither_o obtain_v infeftment_n nor_o charge_v the_o superior_a february_n 8._o 1681._o john_n neilson_n contra_fw-la ross_n of_o pittendreich_n but_o how_o long_o this_o negligence_n must_v be_v to_o exclude_v it_o must_v necessary_o be_v in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la but_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n will_v not_o annul_v disposition_n make_v to_o buyer_n for_o a_o just_a price_n pay_v where_o the_o price_n be_v not_o a_o anterior_a debt_n due_a to_o the_o buyer_n for_o there_o there_o be_v not_o preference_n of_o one_o creditor_n to_o another_o but_o a_o lawful_a bargain_n in_o commerce_n where_o the_o buyer_n neither_o do_v nor_o can_v know_v inchoat_fw-la diligence_n but_o only_o such_o as_o be_v complete_a and_o registrat_n except_o in_o the_o case_n where_o the_o subject_n become_v litigious_a which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o every_o diligence_n in_o prejudice_n of_o puchaser_n of_o land_n whereby_o right_n will_v become_v very_o uncertain_a especial_o when_o irredeemable_a right_n be_v purchase_v but_o against_o the_o purchase_n of_o bond_n annualrent_n or_o wodset_n it_o may_v be_v more_o extend_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n february_n 8._o 1681._o neilson_n contra_fw-la ross_n of_o pittendreich_n this_o defence_n be_v also_o sustain_v that_o the_o disposition_n be_v for_o a_o price_n pay_v and_o for_o no_o anterior_a debt_n and_o in_o the_o former_a case_n bathgate_n contra_fw-la bogil_n the_o disposition_n after_o horning_n though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o term_n of_o sale_n be_v only_o annul_v because_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o anterior_a debt_n due_a to_o the_o buyer_n fraud_n be_v no_o vitium_fw-la real_n affect_v the_o subject_a but_o only_o the_o committer_n of_o the_o fraud_n and_o these_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o this_o statute_n bear_v a_o exception_n of_o lawful_a purchaser_n not_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n but_o where_o the_o right_o purchase_v have_v evidence_n of_o fraud_n in_o itself_o the_o purchaser_n though_o for_o a_o just_a price_n pay_v be_v thereby_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n and_o so_o may_v be_v exclude_v as_o if_o the_o right_o acquire_v bore_n for_o love_n and_o favour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v betwixt_o conjunct_a person_n the_o purchaser_n must_v instruct_v the_o cause_n onerous_a as_o when_o the_o right_o purchase_v be_v from_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o december_n 28._o 1679._o gordoun_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la ferguson_n of_o keroch_n january_n 24._o 1680._o andrew_n crawford_n contra_fw-la james_n ker._n eight_o though_o the_o manner_n of_o probation_n by_o this_o statute_n be_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o purchaser_n or_o write_v yet_o the_o narrative_a of_o such_o right_n be_v betwixt_o conjunct_a person_n albeit_o it_o bear_v cause_n onerous_a must_v be_v otherways_o astruct_v wherein_o witness_n and_o other_o exidence_n will_v be_v receive_v which_o be_v not_o only_o sustain_v as_o to_o disposition_n by_o parent_n to_o child_n but_o by_o brother_n and_o sister_n to_o brother_n or_o to_o good-brother_n and_o good-sister_n yet_o not_o to_o two_o person_n marry_v two_o sister_n or_o two_o brother_n where_o there_o be_v but_o affinitas_fw-la affinitatis_fw-la it_o have_v also_o be_v extend_v to_o uncle_n and_o nephew_n where_o other_o circumstance_n concur_v january_n 18._o 1678._o kinloch_n of_o gourdy_n contra_fw-la mr._n george_n blair_n december_n 18._o 1673._o creditor_n of_o tarsapy_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kinsans_n the_o like_a effect_n be_v in_o right_n acquire_v in_o name_n of_o child_n in_o the_o family_n who_o have_v no_o visible_a estate_n for_o these_o be_v hold_v fraudulent_a and_o may_v be_v affect_v for_o the_o father_n debt_n as_o have_v be_v frequent_o decide_v this_o case_n only_o remain_v whither_o a_o notour_n bankrupt_a may_v prefer_v one_o creditor_n to_o another_o though_o neither_o have_v do_v diligence_n the_o tenor_n of_o the_o statute_n favour_v the_o negative_a annul_v alienation_n by_o bankrupt_n not_o be_v for_o a_o equivalent_a and_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a to_o purchase_v from_o such_o even_o by_o buy_v 16._o spuilzie_n be_v the_o take_v away_o of_o movable_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o order_n of_o law_n obliege_v to_o restitution_n of_o the_o thing_n take_v away_o with_o all_o possible_a profit_n or_o reparation_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o injure_v make_v by_o his_o juramentum_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la thus_o thing_n steal_v or_o robe_v though_o they_o may_v be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o th_a or_o robbery_n yet_o may_v they_o be_v civil_o pursue_v as_o a_o spuilzie_n spuilzie_n inurit_fw-la labem_fw-la realem_fw-la whereby_o the_o good_n may_v be_v recover_v from_o purchaser_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la november_n 21._o 1677._o james_n key_n contra_fw-la leonard_n carnagy_n and_o other_o the_o profit_n of_o thing_n spuilzy_v be_v call_v violent_a profit_n because_o they_o be_v not_o such_o ordinary_a profit_n as_o the_o person_n spuilzy_v use_v to_o make_v of_o the_o good_n but_o such_o as_o he_o may_v have_v make_v thereof_o where_o the_o thing_n spuilzy_v have_v profit_n as_o horse_n ox_n or_o other_o cattle_n and_o instrument_n or_o other_o
find_v in_o a_o charge_n to_o the_o cautioner_n behoove_v against_o the_o cocaution_a july_n 27._o 1672._o joseph_n brodie_n contra_fw-la alexander_n keith_n june_n 28._o 1665._o monteith_n contra_fw-la anderson_n a_o cautioner_n in_o a_o suspension_n of_o a_o bond_n wherein_o there_o be_v five_o cautioner_n be_v distress_v and_o have_v pay_v and_o obtain_v assignation_n from_o the_o creditor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v access_n against_o the_o first_o four_o cautioner_n allow_v only_o his_o own_o five_o part_n febr._n 23._o 1671._o arnold_n of_o barncaple_n against_o gordoun_n of_o holm_n 97._o as_o caution_n so_o oath_n be_v accessary_a to_o all_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n not_o these_o declaratory_a oath_n which_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o discuss_n of_o right_n whereby_o all_o person_n be_v bind_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n upon_o oath_n as_o witness_n or_o as_o party_n against_o themselves_o in_o civil_a cause_n but_o promissory_a oath_n whereby_o they_o promise_v to_o observe_v or_o fulfil_v any_o thing_n active_a or_o passive_a never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o concern_v which_o oath_n there_o be_v no_o small_a matter_n of_o debate_n among_o lawyer_n what_o effect_n they_o have_v all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o so_o far_o as_o any_o promise_n can_v be_v effectual_a a_o promissory_a oath_n be_v valid_a and_o have_v this_o much_o of_o advantage_n that_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o more_o secure_a because_o he_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o debtor_n will_v be_v more_o observant_a of_o his_o oath_n then_o of_o his_o ordinary_a paction_n see_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n deserve_v a_o more_o attrocious_a judgement_n than_o any_o other_o god_n be_v call_v as_o a_o witness_n and_o judge_n which_o effect_v it_o have_v though_o adhibit_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o matter_n have_v a_o anterior_a obligation_n as_o obligation_n betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n in_o these_o thing_n in_o which_o they_o be_v mutual_o oblige_v or_o where_o there_o have_v precede_v or_o be_v conjoin_v a_o obligator_n contract_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v bind_v without_o a_o oath_n 2._o all_o do_v also_o agree_v that_o oath_n interpose_v in_o thing_n unlawful_a not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o obligator_n so_o no_o man_n justify_v herod_n for_o take_v john_n baptist_n head_n without_o cause_n upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o oath_n 3._o all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o matter_n free_a and_o in_o our_o own_o power_n as_o contract_n be_v obligator_n so_o also_o be_v oath_n the_o question_n than_o remain_v whether_o in_o act_n civiliter_fw-la inefficacious_a the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v give_v efficacy_n or_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o debito_fw-la modo_fw-la become_v valid_a by_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o impunge_v it_o and_o if_o that_o efficacy_n will_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o the_o swearer_n but_o to_o his_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o this_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o case_n and_o example_n debate_v among_o civilian_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n naked_a paction_n be_v not_o efficacious_a to_o ground_v any_o action_n upon_o quaeritur_fw-la whether_o if_o the_o paction_n be_v with_o a_o oath_n the_o creditor_n may_v not_o effectual_o pursue_v thereupon_o by_o law_n likeways_o the_o deed_n of_o minor_n have_v curator_n not_o consent_v be_v null_n but_o if_o the_o minor_n swear_v not_o to_o quarrel_v they_o quid_fw-la juris_fw-la minor_n laese_v have_v by_o law_n the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o if_o they_o do_v the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o quarrel_v it_o whether_o if_o they_o pursue_v to_o reduce_v it_o will_v they_o be_v exclude_v by_o their_o oath_n or_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v oblige_v personal_o for_o debt_n and_o swear_v to_o perform_v it_o or_o never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n whether_o yet_o she_o may_v defend_v herself_o with_o her_o privilege_n or_o if_o a_o woman_n land_n give_v she_o for_o security_n of_o her_o tocher_n donatione_fw-la propter_fw-la nuptias_fw-la be_v sell_v by_o her_o husband_n with_o her_o consent_n which_o the_o law_n declare_v null_a whether_o her_o oath_n interpose_v will_v validate_v it_o or_o if_o pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n will_v be_v valid_a or_o if_o a_o oath_n for_o performance_n will_v exclude_v the_o common_a exception_n of_o fear_n force_n or_o fraud_n and_o innumerable_a such_o case_n whereby_o positive_a law_n prohibit_v any_o act_n to_o be_v do_v or_o declare_v it_o void_a simple_o or_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o with_o such_o solemnity_n for_o clear_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n we_o be_v chief_o to_o consider_v quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la or_o what_o be_v the_o judge_n his_o duty_n in_o decide_v case_n wherein_o oath_n be_v interpose_v rather_o than_o what_o concern_v the_o party_n and_o the_o obligation_n upon_o their_o conscience_n by_o these_o oath_n in_o foro_fw-la poli_fw-fr and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v up_o the_o matter_n distinct_o in_o these_o ensue_a point_n first_o if_o a_o action_n be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o ground_n ineffectual_a in_o law_n albeit_o the_o defender_n have_v interpose_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o that_o which_o will_v not_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o judge_n though_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o object_n which_o be_v ineffectual_a of_o itself_o in_o that_o case_n the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v no_o effect_n as_o if_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o action_n be_v intent_a upon_o a_o promise_n or_o a_o naked_a paction_n with_o a_o oath_n interpose_v the_o action_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v albeit_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o appear_v shall_v not_o object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o naked_a paction_n or_o if_o a_o declarator_n shall_v be_v intent_a to_o declare_v pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la to_o be_v valid_a and_o effectual_a though_o it_o be_v libel_v that_o the_o other_o party_n do_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o the_o judge_n can_v not_o sustain_v such_o a_o action_n nor_o general_o can_v sustain_v any_o action_n which_o be_v unjust_a or_o irrelevant_a albeit_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v oppose_v but_o consent_v to_o simple_o or_o with_o a_o oath_n never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o because_o in_o such_o case_n pactis_fw-la privatorum_fw-la non_fw-la derogatur_fw-la juri_fw-la communi_fw-la the_o consent_n or_o oath_n of_o no_o party_n can_v make_v that_o just_a which_o be_v unjust_a nor_o can_v make_v that_o sufficient_a or_o effectual_a that_o be_v deficient_a in_o its_o essential_o as_o if_o any_o party_n shall_v grant_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v effectual_a for_o poind_v the_o ground_n without_o infeftment_n and_o shall_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a thereof_o if_o thereupon_o the_o obtainer_n shall_v pursue_v poind_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v sustain_v because_o these_o right_n be_v defective_a in_o their_o essential_o want_v infeftment_n and_o yet_o in_o these_o case_n if_o the_o party_n shall_v object_v or_o any_o way_n hinder_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o oath_n they_o contraveen_v the_o same_o but_o the_o judge_v not_o sustain_v the_o same_o do_v no_o wrong_n because_o his_o not_o sustain_v proceed_v upon_o a_o defect_n of_o a_o essential_a requisite_a and_o not_o because_o of_o any_o exception_n or_o objection_n of_o the_o party_n from_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v pursue_v or_o charge_v upon_o a_o bond_n for_o debt_n subscribe_v by_o she_o bear_v express_o she_o to_o be_v design_v a_o wife_n though_o it_o be_v condescend_v on_o that_o she_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o pursuit_n or_o charge_n because_o by_o the_o very_a action_n itself_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o summons_n or_o charge_n be_v irrelevant_a and_o contrair_a to_o law_n which_o declare_v a_o wife_n bond_n for_o debt_n ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n and_o therefore_o though_o she_o may_v be_v faulty_a in_o suspend_v or_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o engagement_n of_o her_o oath_n the_o lord_n do_v just_o reject_v such_o a_o irrelevant_a libel_n or_o charge_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o and_o catharine_n douglas_n feb._n 18._o 1663._o where_o her_o band_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la as_o be_v express_o grant_v by_o a_o wife_n though_o she_o judicial_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a or_o if_o the_o husband_n shall_v suspend_v and_o allege_v that_o such_o a_o obligation_n or_o oath_n can_v not_o be_v effectual_a against_o his_o good_n or_o the_o person_n
be_v the_o real_a charter_n yea_o it_o be_v not_o like_a they_o will_v reject_v a_o bond_n obliedge_v to_o grant_v such_o infeftment_n albeit_o it_o do_v not_o de_fw-mi presenti_fw-la dispone_fw-la as_o a_o sufficient_a adminicle_n to_o sustain_v a_o seasine_n where_o they_o have_v be_v 40_o year_n possession_n although_o prescription_n be_v not_o complete_v by_o immediate_a subsequent_a seasine_n or_o uninterrupted_a possession_n the_o party_n make_v faith_n that_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v up_o or_o conceal_v any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o will_v sufficient_o take_v off_o the_o presumption_n of_o fraudful_a conceal_n or_o away-putting_a the_o immediate_a warrant_n of_o the_o seasine_a which_o may_v afford_v defence_n to_o the_o other_o party_n for_o even_o in_o a_o recent_a case_n of_o the_o infeftment_n of_o a_o wife_n in_o life-rent_a her_o seasine_n be_v sustain_v upon_o production_n of_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n albeit_o the_o seasine_a proceed_v upon_o a_o bond_n grant_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n january_n 29._o 1665._o mr._n george_n norvil_n advocate_n contra_fw-la margaret_n sunter_n where_o nothing_o be_v allege_v of_o long_a possession_n see_v what_o be_v find_v november_n 22._o 1628._o clappertoun_n contra_fw-la hoome_n hope_v seasine_n murray_n of_o philliphaugh_n contra_fw-la schaw_n grace_n contra_fw-la finlayson_n there_o can_v be_v less_o question_n if_o the_o seasine_a relate_v to_o a_o precept_n apart_o and_o do_v not_o bear_v whether_o the_o precept_n proceed_v upon_o a_o charter_n disposition_n alienation_n or_o bond_n for_o then_o the_o production_n of_o any_o of_o these_o will_v adminiculat_fw-la the_o seazine_n seasine_n within_o burgh_n for_o serve_v of_o heir_n by_o hesp_n and_o staple_n by_o the_o immemorial_n custom_n and_o privilege_n of_o burgh_n be_v give_v by_o the_o town-clerk_n do_v prove_v sufficient_o both_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n that_o the_o same_o be_v cognosce_v and_o seasine_n give_v according_o without_o necessity_n of_o any_o warrant_n or_o adminicle_n but_o in_o seasine_n of_o original_a right_n of_o conveyance_n to_o singular_a successor_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v by_o seasine_n by_o the_o town_n clerk_n without_o adminicle_n as_o to_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n as_o be_v find_v in_o a_o infeftment_n from_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n bear_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o father_n resignation_n february_n 11._o 1681._o francis_n irw_v contra_fw-la corsan_fw-la june_n 21._o 1672._o william_n mitchel_n contra_fw-la thomas_n cowie_n seasine_n propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la when_o either_o the_o superior_a himself_o do_v give_v seasine_n to_o his_o vassal_n acturney_n or_o when_o the_o superior_n bailie_n by_o his_o precept_n give_v seasine_n to_o the_o vassal_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o accept_v or_o when_o the_o superior_a immediate_o give_v seasine_n to_o the_o vassal_n in_o these_o case_n the_o nottar_n warrant_v be_v sufficient_o instruct_v by_o the_o seasine_a and_o by_o the_o disposition_n contract_n of_o alienation_n or_o bond_n or_o when_o the_o seasine_a be_v propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la secundum_fw-la cartam_fw-la conficiendam_fw-la if_o a_o charter_n thereafter_o make_v beshow_v as_o a_o seasine_a propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n reserve_v the_o father_n liferent_a be_v find_v valid_a against_o a_o second_o wife_n infeftment_n grant_v for_o a_o competent_a tocher_n be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o the_o father_n of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o the_o seasine_a obliedge_v he_o to_o warrant_v the_o same_o february_n 11._o 1669._o buchan_n contra_fw-la tait_n yea_o a_o seasine_a propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la by_o a_o superior_a contain_v resignation_n accept_v by_o the_o superior_a and_o immediate_o seasine_a give_v propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la be_v sustain_v without_o any_o warrant_n subscribe_v by_o the_o superior_a but_o by_o the_o vassal_n disposition_n contain_v procuratorie_n of_o resignation_n there_o be_v no_o more_o solemn_a infeftment_n in_o competition_n januarie_n 17._o 1672._o john_n young_z contra_fw-la thomson_n but_o as_o to_o seasines_n propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la by_o husband_n to_o their_o wife_n in_o contemplation_n of_o marriage_n either_o before_o marriage_n where_o marriage_n follow_v or_o after_o marriage_n have_v no_o adminicle_n but_o the_o marriage_n the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o different_a case_n have_v sometime_o sustain_v they_o when_o they_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o party_n and_o not_o exorbitant_a and_o where_o the_o question_n be_v only_o with_o the_o husband_n heir_n nou._n 22._o 1628._o clappertown_n contra_fw-la hoom._n june_n 19_o 1668._o relict_n of_o wallace_n of_o galrigs_n contra_n his_o heir_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v instruct_v that_o about_o that_o time_n the_o wife_n have_v dispone_v to_o her_o husband_n her_o jointure_n by_o a_o former_a marriage_n but_o such_o seasine_n be_v easy_o improven_v if_o they_o be_v not_o assert_v by_o the_o witness_n insert_v as_o in_o the_o last_o case_n the_o heir_n insist_v in_o improbation_n there_o be_v four_o witness_n in_o the_o seasine_a two_o of_o they_o depone_v they_o be_v not_o witness_n thereto_o the_o three_o remember_v not_o the_o four_o be_v positive_a for_o it_o and_o the_o nottar_n offer_v to_o depone_v that_o it_o be_v true_a yet_o have_v no_o adminicle_n his_o oath_n be_v not_o take_v and_o the_o seasine_a be_v improven_v but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o adminicle_n the_o nottar_n and_o one_o of_o the_o witness_n be_v positive_a the_o seasine_a will_v not_o have_v be_v improven_v for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o warrant_n mediate_v or_o immediate_a provide_v a_o seasine_a to_o be_v give_v quid_fw-la fieri_fw-la debet_fw-la facile_fw-la 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o the_o witness_n not_o remember_v will_v hardly_o improve_v such_o seasines_n unless_o their_o testimony_n be_v positive_a give_v special_a circumstance_n of_o their_o remembrance_n as_o be_v in_o such_o another_o country_n or_o far_o distant_a place_n at_o that_o time_n if_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o be_v otherways_o astruct_v but_o the_o general_a denial_n to_o be_v witness_n can_v import_v no_o more_o but_o non_fw-la memini_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o adminicle_n in_o write_v with_o the_o protocol_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o nottar_n if_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o especial_o if_o possession_n follow_v for_o some_o time_n these_o will_v strongly_a approve_v than_o the_o not_o remembrance_n or_o general_a denial_n of_o the_o witness_n insert_v will_v improve_v but_o this_o dip_v upon_o a_o general_a question_n the_o side_n instrumentorum_fw-la we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n nor_o of_o the_o admission_n and_o qualification_n of_o nottar_n as_o to_o which_o craig_n relate_v the_o custom_n of_o france_n which_o be_v not_o then_o nor_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v here_o allow_v but_o certain_o more_o exactness_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o admission_n of_o nottar_n not_o only_o as_o to_o their_o skill_n but_o as_o to_o their_o reputation_n of_o honesty_n and_o fidelity_n and_o the_o least_o want_n or_o weaken_n of_o these_o shall_v turn_v they_o out_o for_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o solemnity_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o nottar_n be_v not_o only_o because_o of_o old_a few_o can_v write_v and_o the_o impression_n of_o seal_n be_v easy_o imitat_fw-la yea_o even_o such_o rude_a subscription_n there_o be_v some_o in_o justinian_n time_n who_o can_v so_o artificial_o imitat_fw-la another_o hand_n write_v that_o himself_o can_v not_o know_v it_o or_o dare_v swear_v it_o be_v not_o his_o write_n and_o therefore_o he_o introduce_v two_o remeed_n that_o private_a write_v shall_v not_o prove_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o party_n unless_o that_o there_o be_v three_o subscribe_v witness_n know_v he_o party_n contracter_n or_o that_o there_o be_v three_o witness_n who_o depone_v anent_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o deed_n or_o otherways_o that_o write_v be_v make_v in_o public_a by_o a_o public_a person_n which_o at_o first_o be_v only_o do_v judicial_o but_o thereafter_o extrajudicial_o by_o a_o nottar-publick_a but_o our_o custom_n have_v return_v to_o private_a write_v and_o 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o instrument_n of_o nottar_n but_o where_o they_o be_v adminiculat_fw-la by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o case_n where_o party_n can_v write_v and_o then_o in_o matter_n of_o importance_n two_o nottar_n and_o four_o witness_n be_v necessary_a by_o special_a statute_n but_o this_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o seasine_n but_o only_o to_o the_o subscription_n of_o nottar_n for_o party_n february_n 11._o 1669._o buchan_n contra_fw-la tait_n julie_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n contra_fw-la viscount_n of_o kenmuir_n yet_o in_o some_o case_n of_o small_a importance_n instrument_n of_o nottar_n be_v probative_a and_o in_o all_o case_n where_o witness_n will_v prove_v it_o do_v much_o fortify_v the_o same_o that_o they_o be_v witness_n require_v and_o instrument_n of_o a_o nottar_n take_v thereupon_o for_o then_o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o nottar_n astruct_v by_o
the_o witness_n insert_v make_v a_o strong_a probation_n to_o return_v to_o seasines_n propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la by_o husband_n to_o wife_n without_o warrant_n or_o adminicle_n in_o write_v they_o be_v not_o general_o probative_a except_o in_o such_o case_n as_o have_v be_v now_o express_v hope_n seasine_n bell_n and_o morison_n contra_fw-la thomson_n laird_n of_o coldingknow_v contra_fw-la dam_n helen_n hereis_n 20._o but_o for_o the_o further_o secure_v of_o infeftment_n and_o land-rights_a that_o excellent_a statute_n which_o before_o be_v attempt_v be_v at_o last_o perfect_v par._n 1617._o cap._n 16._o whereby_o all_o seasine_n reversion_n regress_n bond_n or_o write_v for_o make_v of_o reversion_n and_o regress_v assignation_n thereto_o and_o discharge_v thereof_o renunciation_n of_o wodset_n and_o grant_v of_o redemption_n not_o be_v registrat_n in_o a_o peculiar_a register_n appoint_v for_o that_o end_n or_o in_o case_n of_o consign_v renunciation_n and_o grant_v of_o redemption_n in_o process_n within_o 60_o day_n next_o after_o the_o decreet_a ordain_v the_o same_o to_o be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o party_n have_v right_o thereto_o or_o at_o least_o within_o 60_o day_n after_o seize_v take_v of_o the_o land_n or_o right_n to_o which_o the_o reversion_n relate_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o say_n seasine_n and_o other_o write_v shall_v make_v no_o faith_n in_o judgement_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n in_o prejudice_n of_o a_o three_o party_n who_o have_v acquire_v a_o perfect_a and_o lawful_a right_n to_o the_o say_n land_n and_o heritage_n without_o prejudice_n to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o right_n against_o the_o grant_a and_o his_o heir_n but_o there_o be_v except_v reversion_n contain_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o infeftment_n and_o all_o seasines_n reversion_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n 21._o and_o to_o make_v land-rights_a yet_o more_o secure_a because_o the_o former_a act_n do_v not_o require_v registration_n of_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n in_o the_o superior_n hand_n adremanentiam_fw-la whereby_o purchaser_n be_v not_o secure_a but_o that_o the_o land_n acquire_v by_o they_o may_v have_v be_v resign_v or_o renounce_v to_o the_o superior_a whereby_o their_o author_n fie_o become_v extinct_a without_o necessity_n of_o new_a infeftment_n be_v consolidat_fw-la with_o the_o superiority_n whereby_o the_o superior_n infeftment_a carry_v both_o superiority_n and_o property_n therefore_o instrument_n of_o resignation_n not_o be_v registrat_n be_v declare_v null_n yet_o with_o exception_n of_o tenement_n hold_v burgage_n and_o therefore_o a_o seasine_a within_o burgh_n be_v sustain_v though_o not_o find_v in_o the_o town_n book_n june_n 30._o 1668._o mr._n robert_n burnet_n contra_fw-la swan_n february_n 11._o 1681._o francis_n irw_v contra_fw-la corsan_fw-la upon_o consideration_n of_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la ordain_v the_o burrows_n to_o take_v sufficient_a caution_n oftheir_o town_n clerk_n present_a and_o to_o come_v to_o insert_v in_o their_o book_n all_o seasine_n give_v by_o they_o of_o the_o tenement_n within_o burgh_n and_o all_o reversion_n or_o bond_n for_o grant_v reversion_n assignation_n thereto_o and_o discharge_v thereof_o renunciation_n and_o grant_n of_o redemption_n and_o that_o within_o 60._o day_n after_o the_o give_v of_o seasine_n or_o present_v to_o they_o of_o the_o reversion_n or_o other_o foresaid_n and_o that_o under_o the_o pain_n of_o the_o damnage_n of_o any_o party_n acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o onerous_a cause_n by_o such_o latent_fw-la right_n though_o prior_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v hold_v all_o such_o seasines_n reversion_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v give_v hereafter_o and_o not_o insert_v in_o the_o town_n book_n in_o manner_n foresay_a to_o be_v latent_fw-la and_o fraudulent_a keep_v up_o of_o design_n to_o ensnare_v lawful_a purchaser_n but_o there_o be_v now_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n require_v the_o insert_v of_o seasine_n within_o burgh_n in_o the_o town-clerk_n book_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o under_o the_o same_o certification_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o registration_n of_o seasines_n without_o burgh_n 22._o and_o for_o the_o further_a security_n of_o land-rights_a because_o appryse_v or_o adjudication_n with_o a_o charge_n of_o horning_n thereupon_o against_o the_o superior_a make_v for_o some_o time_n a_o real_a right_n therefore_o a_o abbreviat_fw-la of_o apprysing_n contain_v in_o the_o allowance_n thereof_o write_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o same_o and_o sign_v by_o two_o of_o the_o lord_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v registrat_n in_o a_o particular_a register_n for_o that_o purpose_n within_o 60._o day_n after_o the_o date_n of_o the_o appryse_v with_o certification_n that_o any_o other_o appryse_v though_o posterior_n in_o date_n yet_o first_o allow_v and_o registrat_n shall_v be_v prefer_v parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 31._o which_o be_v extend_v to_o adjudication_n parliament_n 1672._o cap._n 19_o but_o this_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o new_a form_n of_o adjudication_n than_o introduce_v in_o place_n of_o appryse_v but_o for_o the_o old_a adjudication_n upon_o there_o nunciation_n of_o heir_n or_o implement_n of_o disposition_n neither_o statute_n nor_o custom_n have_v yet_o clear_v whether_o these_o will_v be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n from_o their_o date_n or_o from_o the_o charge_n against_o the_o superior_a or_o only_o from_o the_o seasine_n thereupon_o which_o as_o all_o other_o seasines_n must_v be_v registrat_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n do_v sustain_v these_o from_o the_o charge_n it_o will_v make_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o security_n of_o land-rights_a till_o it_o be_v supply_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o for_o further_a security_n of_o land-rights_a because_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v upon_o inhibition_n or_o interdiction_n therefore_o these_o if_o not_o registrat_n be_v also_o null_a and_o in_o respect_n horning_n continue_v unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n after_o the_o denunciation_n the_o superior_a have_v the_o fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o vassal_n denunce_v therefore_o horn_v if_o not_o registrat_n be_v also_o incumbent_a and_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n exclude_v all_o prior_n right_n precede_v 40._o year_n unless_o they_o have_v obtain_v possession_n or_o do_v digence_n therefore_o by_o interruption_n which_o must_v be_v repeat_v every_o five_o year_n or_o else_o they_o be_v null_a and_o must_v also_o be_v execute_v by_o a_o messenger_n so_o that_o where_o before_o a_o citation_n make_v interruption_n which_o continue_v for_o forty_o year_n which_o may_v much_o insecure_a purchaser_n they_o can_v now_o last_v but_o five_o year_n in_o which_o short_a time_n the_o noise_n thereof_o may_v ready_o reach_v purchaser_n so_o that_o if_o purchaser_n get_v a_o progress_n of_o infeftment_n for_o forty_o year_n he_o may_v by_o the_o register_n know_v it_o there_o be_v any_o real_a right_n that_o can_v affect_v the_o fee_n within_o that_o time_n and_o have_v no_o more_o to_o inquire_v but_o as_o to_o interruption_n within_o five_o year_n which_o if_o the_o lord_n appoint_v to_o pass_v only_o upon_o bill_n it_o may_v be_v find_v at_o the_o signet_n so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n no_o nation_n have_v so_o much_o security_n of_o irredeemable_a land-rights_a as_o we_o have_v it_o be_v true_a redeemable_a right_n be_v not_o so_o secure_a because_o they_o may_v be_v evacuat_a by_o order_n of_o redemption_n which_o proceed_v by_o instrument_n of_o premonition_n and_o consignation_n which_o require_v no_o registration_n and_o therefore_o purchaser_n of_o appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n during_o the_o legal_a reversion_n be_v in_o hazard_n of_o any_o order_n of_o redemption_n or_o summons_n for_o count_n and_o reckon_a and_o likewise_o these_o who_o purchase_v wodset_n or_o infeftment_n of_o property_n or_o annualrent_a for_o security_n of_o sum_n run_v the_o hazard_n of_o satisfaction_n and_o payment_n of_o these_o sum_n by_o intromission_n or_o otherways_o wherein_o there_o be_v little_a inconveniency_n for_o no_o man_n shall_v purchase_v a_o redeemable_a right_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o reverser_n but_o upon_o his_o hazard_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o reversion_n reservation_n or_o real_a burden_n in_o his_o author_n right_a sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la it_o be_v his_o fault_n and_o negligence_n if_o he_o do_v not_o see_v it_o and_o secure_v himself_o against_o it_o the_o question_n may_v occur_v here_o if_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o register_n of_o seasine_n do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n mark_v the_o seasine_a registrat_n and_o attest_v the_o same_o by_o his_o subscription_n and_o yet_o by_o negligence_n or_o fraud_n shall_v not_o insert_v it_o in_o the_o register_n whether_o in_o that_o case_n a_o purchaser_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o cause_n onerous_a though_o infeft_v thereafter_o will_v be_v exclude_v by_o that_o prior_n infeftment_n mark_v by_o the_o clerk_n not_o record_v though_o nothing_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o case_n if_o seasines_n mark_v registrat_n
in_o the_o superior_n hand_n but_o if_o within_o the_o half_a they_o be_v not_o null_a as_o to_o the_o vassal_n but_o be_v null_a as_o to_o the_o superior_a and_o exclude_v he_o from_o no_o casualty_n of_o his_o superiority_n as_o ward_n etc._n etc._n but_o as_o the_o half_n may_v be_v sub-sett_a so_o any_o other_o right_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o half_a be_v sustain_v as_o a_o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n march_v 6._o 1611._o cathcart_n contra_fw-la campbel_n the_o like_a hold_n of_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a but_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n appearand_a heir_n in_o linea_fw-la recta_fw-la it_o infer_v not_o recognition_n be-because_a the_o superior_a be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o change_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o recognition_n be_v find_v incur_v by_o a_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n to_o the_o vassal_n brother_n though_o his_o appearand_a heir_n for_o the_o time_n see_v there_o remain_v hope_n of_o issue_n in_o the_o disponer_n and_o so_o his_o brother_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la spot_n recognition_n advocate_n and_o his_o son_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o cassils_n and_o collane_n feus_n of_o ward-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n ward-vassal_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o be_v find_v not_o only_o to_o be_v free_a from_o the_o ward-liferent-escheat_n or_o recognition_n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n but_o also_o that_o the_o sub-vassal_n feu_n do_v not_o fall_v by_o his_o superior_a the_o king_n vassal_n forefaulture_n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n express_v a_o confirmation_n of_o such_o feus_n which_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v pass_v in_o exchequer_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n be_v exclude_v and_o by_o a_o confirmation_n in_o exchequer_n forefaulture_n will_v be_v exclude_v without_o question_n even_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o and_o therefore_o the_o ratification_n and_o approbation_n of_o feus_n by_o the_o act_n 1457._o when_o it_o be_v in_o vigour_n must_v also_o secure_v against_o forefaulture_n of_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o feu_n as_o be_v find_v february_n 12._o 1674._o and_o january_n 23._o 1680._o marquess_z of_o huntly_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o cairnborrow_n who_o feu_n be_v grant_v after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1457._o and_o before_o the_o act_n 1606._o be_v sustain_v against_o a_o donatar_n of_o his_o superior_n forefaulture_n the_o like_a though_o the_o feu_n be_v renew_v upon_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la not_o be_v ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la november_n 16._o 1680._o campbel_n of_o silver-craigs_a contra_fw-la laird_n of_o achinbreck_n and_o earl_n of_o argyle_n 33._o infeftment_n blensh_fw-mi be_v such_o who_o reddendo_fw-la be_v a_o small_a elusory_a rent_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o then_o prosite_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o ordinary_o it_o bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la as_o a_o rose_n penny_n money_n or_o the_o like_a and_o these_o be_v not_o count_v blensh_o right_n unless_o they_o bear_v in_o name_n of_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n or_o if_o they_o bear_v not_o si_fw-la petatur_fw-la or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o yearly_a growth_n or_o service_n it_o be_v not_o due_a and_o may_v not_o be_v demand_v at_o any_o time_n unless_o it_o be_v demand_v within_o the_o year_n at_o the_o term_n as_o a_o stone_n of_o wax_n or_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n february_n 16._o 1627._o lord_n semple_n contra_fw-la blair_n where_o the_o like_a be_v observe_v to_o have_v be_v before_o june_n 18._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la galloway_n the_o like_a find_v where_o the_o reddendo_fw-la bear_v si_fw-la petatur_fw-la tantum_fw-la june_n 15._o 1611._o bishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n contra_fw-la terson_n so_o blensh_o duty_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v declare_v only_o due_a if_o they_o be_v ask_v yearly_o and_o no_o price_n can_v be_v put_v thereupon_o by_o the_o exchequer_n parliament_n 1606._o cap._n 14._o yet_o see_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o neglect_n of_o his_o officer_n who_o ought_v yearly_a to_o call_v for_o his_o blensh_fw-mi duty_n whereof_o many_o be_v considerable_a therefore_o the_o exchequer_n continue_v to_o exact_v the_o king_n blensh_fw-mi duty_n though_o not_o demand_v within_o the_o year_n there_o be_v another_o part_n of_o the_o act_n exclude_v all_o liquidation_n of_o blensh_a duty_n in_o specie_fw-la which_o therefore_o shall_v be_v so_o exact_v though_o not_o within_o the_o year_n unless_o the_o vassal_n voluntary_o offer_v a_o price_n in_o these_o blensh_fw-mi ferm_n there_o be_v no_o ward_n and_o marriage_n befalling_a to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o it_o differ_v main_o from_o ward_n 34._o infeftment_n feu_n be_v like_a to_o the_o emphyteosis_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o location_n have_v in_o it_o a_o pension_n as_o the_o hire_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n for_o such_o be_v common_o grant_v of_o barren_a ground_n and_o therefore_o it_o retain_v still_o that_o name_n also_o and_o be_v account_v and_o call_v a_o assidation_n or_o location_n in_o our_o law_n but_o because_o such_o can_v be_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a all_o rental_n and_o tack_n necessary_o require_v a_o ish_n therefore_o these_o feu-holdings_a partake_v both_o of_o infeftment_n as_o pass_v by_o seize_v to_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o of_o location_n as_o have_v a_o pension_n or_o rent_n for_o their_o reddendo_fw-la and_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v perpetual_a for_o the_o increase_n of_o plant_v and_o policy_n 35._o in_o what_o case_n feus_n be_v allow_v of_o ward-land_n have_v be_v now_o show_v in_o other_o case_n they_o be_v ordinary_o allow_v where_o they_o be_v not_o prohibit_v so_o we_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o case_n wherein_o they_o be_v prohibit_v and_o void_a and_o that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v annex_v thereto_o and_o can_v be_v set_v feu_n by_o the_o king_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n by_o their_o act_n of_o dissolution_n bear_v great_a see_v and_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o sentence_n and_o decreet_a of_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o ratification_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n in_o parliament_n without_o report_n from_o the_o article_n will_v not_o supply_v the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n or_o validat_fw-la infeftment_n thereof_o even_o though_o the_o ratification_n bear_v a_o dissolution_n upon_o which_o ground_n the_o earl_n of_o mortoun_n right_o to_o the_o earldom_n of_o orkney_n be_v reduce_v february_n 25._o 1670._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o mortoun_n neither_o can_v the_o annex_v property_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o king_n but_o only_o in_o feu_n after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1597._o cap._n 234._o and_o all_o infeftment_n tack_n pension_n gift_n discharge_v grant_v before_o lawful_a dissolution_n in_o parliament_n or_o after_o dissolution_n yet_o contrary_a to_o any_o of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v declare_v null_n of_o the_o law_n by_o action_n or_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o to_o by_o gone_n as_o in_o time_n come_v par._n 1597._o cap._n 236._o par._n 1455._o cap._n 41._o which_o be_v confirm_v and_o extend_v to_o feus_n not_o only_o to_o be_v grant_v of_o land_n but_o to_o feus_n grant_v of_o the_o feu-ferm-duty_n which_o be_v a_o device_n invent_v to_o elude_v the_o law_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 239._o 36._o second_o feus_n of_o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v set_v with_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a the_o feu-duty_n not_o be_v within_o the_o new_a retoured_a duty_n par_n 1584._o cap._n 6._o and_o that_o it_o may_v appear_v whether_o the_o rental_a be_v diminish_v or_o not_o before_o they_o pass_v the_o seal_n they_o must_v be_v present_v to_o the_o thesaurer_n and_o comptroller_n and_o registrate_n in_o his_o register_n and_o the_o signature_n subscribe_v by_o he_o otherways_o they_o be_v null_a par._n 1592._o cap._n 127._o and_o such_o feus_n set_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o comptroller_n by_o his_o subscription_n registrat_n in_o his_o register_n be_v again_o declare_v null_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 171._o the_o comptroller_n office_n have_v be_v of_o a_o long_a time_n adjoin_v to_o and_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n with_o the_o thesaurers_n office_n or_o commission_n of_o the_o thesaury_n what_o land_n and_o other_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n appear_v by_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n make_v thereanent_a consist_v main_o of_o forefaulted_a estate_n and_o kirklands_n after_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o popish_a clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v most_o part_n mortify_v by_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n therefore_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o grant_v cease_v by_o
another_o or_o personal_a when_o the_o superior_a obliege_v himself_o to_o warrant_n the_o infeftment_n as_o to_o the_o warrandice_n by_o disposition_n and_o resignation_n it_o be_v unquestionable_o personal_a and_o come_v not_o within_o the_o infeftment_n but_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o superior_a in_o the_o infeftment_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o a_o personal_a obligation_n no_o way_n co-hering_n nor_o carry_v with_o the_o real_a right_n and_o therefore_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o author_n be_v not_o oblige_v in_o the_o warrandice_n neither_o do_v the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n from_o the_o vassal_n carry_v to_o his_o singular_a successor_n the_o right_a of_o the_o warrandice_n unless_o it_o be_v assign_v special_o or_o general_o in_o the_o assignation_n of_o the_o right_n and_o evident_n warrandice_n be_v a_o common_a obligement_n both_o in_o infeftment_n and_o other_o right_n and_o it_o be_v sometime_o express_v and_o then_o it_o be_v regulat_fw-la according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v absolute_a warrandice_n or_o from_o fact_n and_o deed_n or_o from_o future_a or_o voluntary_a fact_n and_o deed_n but_o ofttimes_o when_o warrandice_n be_v not_o express_v it_o be_v employ_v as_o right_n be_v to_o be_v warrant_v which_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a but_o in_o that_o case_n where_o the_o disposition_n be_v only_o of_o all_o right_a the_o disponer_n have_v the_o clause_n infer_v not_o absolute_a warrandice_n but_o only_o from_o the_o disponer_n future_a voluntary_a deed_n hope_n warrandice_n lord_n sinclar_n contra_fw-la creighton_n absolute_a warrandice_n be_v also_o employ_v where_o the_o disposition_n or_o infeftment_n bear_v vendidit_fw-la because_o that_o import_v a_o equivalent_a price_n spotss_n warrandice_n john_n stewart_n contra_fw-la fivie_n but_o not_o so_o if_o it_o be_v express_v under_o the_o term_n of_o alienation_n which_o be_v common_a to_o both_o gratuitous_a and_o onerous_a disposition_n warrandice_n from_o the_o future_a fact_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o disponer_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v employ_v in_o pure_a donation_n hope_v warrandice_n veatch_n contra_fw-la daul_v mr._n partrick_n schaw_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n durham_n and_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o legacy_n rei_fw-la alienae_n scienter_fw-la legatae_fw-la june_n 16._o 1664._o murray_n contra_fw-la the_o executor_n of_o rutherfoord_n but_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o future_a necessary_a deed_n precede_v the_o gratuitous_a disposition_n which_o the_o disponer_n be_v or_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o fulfil_v neither_o upon_o any_o anterior_a deed_n because_o he_o who_o dispon_v free_o be_v presume_v but_o to_o dispone_v such_o right_a as_o he_o have_v but_o posterior_n deed_n be_v fraudulent_a it_o be_v craig_n opinion_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n that_o though_o warrandice_n from_o fact_n and_o deed_n be_v express_v that_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o prior_n deed_n and_o that_o in_o any_o case_n if_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v for_o service_n do_v for_o gratitude_n or_o merit_n that_o warrandice_n be_v employ_v much_o more_o if_o for_o future_a service_n or_o for_o a_o feu_fw-fr duty_n or_o rent_n yet_o if_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v not_o a_o anterior_a cause_n in_o money_n or_o value_v such_o disposition_n can_v be_v account_v onerous_a for_o former_a merit_n or_o gratitude_n infer_v no_o civil_a obligation_n and_o so_o no_o burden_n which_o can_v receive_v legal_a compulsion_n and_o as_o to_o annual_a prestation_n in_o service_n feu-duty_n or_o tack-duty_n if_o they_o bear_v no_o money_n receive_v or_o equivalent_a value_n they_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v gratuitous_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o receiver_n who_o may_v reject_v or_o renounce_v they_o when_o he_o please_v if_o they_o be_v not_o by_o mutual_a contract_n and_o when_o they_o be_v evict_v the_o vassal_n be_v free_a of_o these_o duty_n and_o have_v no_o loss_n and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v to_o import_v no_o more_o warrandice_n but_o from_o future_a voluntary_a fact_n and_o deed_n but_o whatever_o warrandice_n be_v express_v must_v be_v according_o observe_v but_o craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o naked_a paction_n be_v not_o effectual_a with_o we_o and_o that_o a_o charter_n be_v but_o a_o naked_a paction_n so_o warrandice_n in_o a_o innominat_fw-la contract_n such_o as_o a_o fee_n can_v be_v but_o a_o naked_a paction_n import_v no_o further_a than_o what_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n but_o our_o constant_a custom_n allow_v all_o paction_n and_o promise_n to_o be_v effectual_a do_v both_o make_v charter_n without_o seasine_n effectual_a against_o the_o grant_a and_o likewise_o warrandice_n and_o all_o other_o clauses-therein_a yea_o the_o paction_n that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v demand_v in_o case_n of_o eviction_n be_v for_o the_o same_o cause_n effectual_a that_o the_o money_n pay_v for_o the_o right_o evict_v can_v be_v recover_v yet_o craig_n do_v there_o report_v a_o decision_n of_o the_o lord_n betwixt_o samuel_n cockburn_n and_o sandielands_n of_o calder_n that_o a_o charter_n without_o seasine_n and_o not_o deliver_v in_o the_o granter_n life_n but_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o charter-chest_n of_o torphichen_n be_v find_v effectual_a to_o make_v the_o granter_n heir_n perfect_a the_o same_o with_o seasine_n but_o it_o do_v not_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grant_a and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o then_o look_v upon_o charter_n as_o naked_a paction_n the_o effect_n of_o warrandice_n be_v the_o upmaking_n of_o what_o be_v warrant_v in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v evict_v and_o the_o ordinar_n procedure_v in_o it_o be_v when_o any_o suit_n be_v move_v whereon_o eviction_n may_v follow_v intimation_n be_v make_v to_o the_o warrant_n of_o the_o plea_n that_o he_o may_v defend_v and_o if_o eviction_n follow_v and_o distress_n thereby_o declarator_n of_o distress_n and_o action_n of_o warrandice_n for_o relief_n be_v competent_a also_o it_o be_v effectual_a for_o decern_v the_o warrant_n to_o free_v the_o thing_n warrant_v of_o that_o which_o will_v undoubted_o infer_v a_o distress_n though_o it_o have_v not_o actual_o do_v it_o in_o this_o case_n execution_n be_v supercee_v for_o a_o time_n that_o therein_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o distress_n may_v be_v purge_v july_n 1._o 1624._o laird_n of_o frendraught_n contra_fw-la balvenie_n the_o like_a upon_o a_o production_n of_o a_o seasine_a of_o the_o land_n warrant_v grant_v by_o the_o warrant_n author_n before_o the_o right_n and_o inhibition_n though_o there_o be_v no_o distress_n nicol._n the_o evictione_n fisher_n contra_fw-la fleeming_n the_o like_a july_n 17._o 1666._o alexander_n burnet_n contra_fw-la johnstoun_n february_n 17._o 1672._o smith_n of_o braco_n contra_fw-la ross_n of_o balnagoun_n warrandice_n have_v also_o effect_v upon_o production_n of_o a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v against_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n nicol._n the_o evictione_n johnstoun_n contra_fw-la johnstoun_n yea_o warrandice_n will_v take_v effect_n where_o there_o be_v a_o unquestionable_a ground_n of_o distress_n though_o the_o fire_n transact_v voluntary_o to_o prevent_v the_o distress_n intimation_n of_o a_o plea_n be_v sufficient_a without_o a_o instrument_n it_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o warrant_v oath_n that_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o citation_n be_v deliver_v to_o he_o as_o a_o intimation_n nicol._n the_o evictione_n lyme_n contra_fw-la dunlop_n but_o though_o no_o intimation_n be_v make_v yet_o the_o warrandice_n take_v effect_n unless_o the_o warrant_n have_v a_o relevant_a defence_n and_o can_v instruct_v the_o same_o nicol._n the_o evictione_n boyd_n contra_fw-la stark_n but_o in_o that_o case_n the_o warrandice_n have_v no_o effect_n ibidem_fw-la cairncorss_n contra_fw-la murray_n glendinning_n contra_fw-la gordon_n warrandice_n have_v no_o further_a effect_n than_o what_o the_o party_n warrant_v true_o pay_v for_o the_o right_n whereby_o he_o be_v or_o may_v be_v distress_v though_o less_o than_o the_o value_n of_o the_o right_o warrant_v july_n 1._o 1634._o robert_n glendinning_n contra_fw-la barnbarroch_n the_o like_a upon_o repayment_n of_o the_o sum_n give_v out_o and_o the_o annulrent_a thereof_o hope_n warrandice_n laird_n of_o craicklaw_n contra_fw-la lord_n herris_n january_n 26._o 1669._o boil_v of_o kelburn_n contra_fw-la mr._n john_n wilkie_n february_n 28._o 1672._o earl_n of_o argyl_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o aitoun_n this_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o warrandice_n of_o land_n as_o to_o which_o land_n of_o equal_a value_n or_o the_o whole_a worth_n of_o what_o be_v evict_v as_o it_o be_v the_o time_n of_o the_o eviction_n be_v infer_v because_o the_o buyer_n have_v the_o land_n with_o the_o hazard_n of_o become_v better_a or_o worse_o or_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v of_o rate_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v the_o price_n he_o give_v neither_o be_v warrandice_n a_o full_a security_n be_v but_o a_o personal_a obliegment_n and_o many_o time_n the_o price_n
horn_n these_o occur_v after_o the_o disposition_n will_v be_v upon_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o acquirer_n and_o not_o the_o author_n disponer_o but_o if_o the_o warrandice_n be_v in_o the_o superior_n charter_n burden_v himself_o it_o will_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o subsequent_a distress_n through_o his_o fault_n and_o so_o to_o recognition_n liferent-escheat_n or_o nonentry_n but_o it_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n or_o other_o fault_n of_o the_o superior_n superior_a neither_o will_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o ward_n or_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o superior_a bind_v in_o warrandice_n fail_v thereafter_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v for_o no_o provident_a man_n be_v presume_v to_o guard_v against_o these_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v little_a advantage_n by_o special_a clause_n of_o warrandice_n for_o the_o general_a clause_n reach_v all_o eviction_n from_o anteriour_a cause_n yea_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o though_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o warrandice_n express_v if_o the_o right_o warrant_v be_v for_o cause_n onerous_a viz._n sum_n of_o money_n or_o equivalent_a value_n unless_o by_o the_o special_a warrandice_n future_a deed_n infer_v eviction_n or_o which_o will_v not_o infer_v it_o ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v express_v warrandice_n be_v never_o infer_v from_o infeftment_n from_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a superior_a and_o though_o they_o be_v express_v will_v have_v no_o effect_n neither_o be_v the_o warrandice_n of_o infeftment_n by_o churchman_n effectual_a against_o their_o successor_n in_o office_n yea_o express_a warrandice_n of_o feus_n or_o tack_n of_o kirk-land_n thereafter_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o say_a warrandice_n do_v neither_o reach_n the_o granter_n thereof_o nor_o their_o successor_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o and_o cap._n 110._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v there_o render_v because_o the_o church-land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o subsequent_a law_n infeftment_n do_v frequent_o bear_v condition_n reservation_n provision_n and_o exception_n which_o give_v great_a ground_n of_o debate_n which_o therefore_o must_v here_o be_v clear_v there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o infeftment_n may_v either_o be_v pure_a or_o conditional_a some_o condition_n be_v employ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n and_o be_v effectual_a though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v 47._o as_o in_o ward-holdings_a the_o vassal_n can_v alienate_v without_o his_o superior_n be_v consent_v which_o a_o effectual_a resolutive_a condition_n whereby_o if_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v alienate_v the_o whole_a become_v extinct_a &_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a as_o he_o give_v it_o 48._o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v take_v no_o effect_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o eviction_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n infeftment_n for_o relief_n of_o cautionry_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o effect_n till_o distress_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v ceass_n by_o relief_n infeftment_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o sum_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o the_o sum_n be_v satisfy_v they_o be_v extinct_a and_o the_o author_n infeftment_n revive_v and_o stand_v valid_a without_o necessity_n of_o renovation_n 49._o infeftment_n give_v for_o a_o particular_a office_n and_o bear_v not_o assigney_n or_o substitute_n as_o to_o be_v a_o ensign-bearer_n advocate_n or_o chaplain_n with_o land_n and_o annual_a rent_n annex_v do_v imply_v this_o condition_n that_o the_o heir_n be_v capable_a to_o exerce_fw-la these_o office_n and_o therefore_o by_o his_o inability_n they_o ceass_n unless_o they_o be_v grant_v to_o assigney_n with_o power_n of_o substitution_n in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o another_o 50._o infeftment_n by_o excambion_n do_v imply_v this_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o the_o one_o tenement_n excamb_v be_v evict_v there_o be_v recourse_n to_o the_o other_o tenement_n with_o which_o it_o be_v excamb_v for_o therein_o excambion_n or_o permutation_n differ_v from_o sale_n this_o recourse_n be_v effectual_a not_o only_o to_o the_o heir_n but_o to_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o both_o party_n whether_o by_o voluntar_n or_o judicial_a right_n and_o therefore_o regress_n be_v sustain_v against_o a_o apprize_a prior_n to_o the_o eviction_n without_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v that_o the_o excamber_n have_v right_a when_o he_o change_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o deliver_v his_o right_n to_o the_o other_o party_n and_o therefore_o a_o old_a charter_n from_o the_o king_n bearing_z the_o land_n to_o have_v be_v dispone_v in_o excambion_n for_o the_o other_o party_n land_n and_o express_v regress_n but_o without_o mention_n of_o assigney_n yet_o be_v find_v effectual_a to_o a_o singular_a successor_n july_n 14._o 1629._o laird_n of_o wairdess_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balcomie_n in_o this_o process_n it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o person_n need_v to_o be_v cite_v but_o the_o present_a proprietar_n of_o the_o land_n excamb_v and_o the_o heir_n or_o appear_v and_o heir_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o excambion_n july_n 2._o 1629._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la and_o that_o regress_n be_v effectual_a against_o a_o appryzer_n of_o the_o excamb_v land_n it_o be_v so_o decide_v december_n 21._o 1623._o earl_n of_o montrose_n contra_fw-la sir_n george_n ker._n 51._o the_o law_n do_v also_o introduce_v condition_n in_o infeftment_n which_o do_v not_o arise_v from_o their_o nature_n as_o in_o feus_n by_o the_o common_a feudal_n law_n and_o by_o special_a statute_n with_o we_o whereby_o if_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n hail_n and_o together_o that_o the_o feu_n shall_v be_v extinct_a and_o lose_v parl._n 1597._o cap._n 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v therefore_o beyond_o doubt_n that_o such_o clause_n be_v effectual_a whether_o express_v or_o not_o express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n 52._o it_o be_v also_o incontrovert_v that_o liferent_n one_o or_o more_o may_v be_v effectual_o reserve_v in_o infeftment_n which_o will_v pass_v therewith_o as_o a_o real_a burden_n to_o all_o singular_a successor_n and_o needs_o no_o other_o infeftment_n 53._o infeftment_n be_v also_o sometime_o burden_v with_o the_o exception_n of_o other_o infeftment_n which_o exception_n if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n as_o a_o burden_n upon_o the_o infeftment_n they_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 54._o infeftment_n be_v also_o frequent_o burden_v with_o faculty_n or_o power_n to_o affect_v or_o burden_v the_o land_n or_o other_o dispone_v and_o that_o either_o absolute_o at_o the_o disponers_n pleasure_n for_o such_o sum_n to_o child_n or_o creditor_n which_o clause_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o disposition_n by_o father_n to_o their_o elder_a son_n and_o be_v very_o ample_o interpret_v against_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n though_o the_o way_n of_o burden_v may_v have_v be_v defective_a as_o by_o a_o base_a infeftment_n not_o clad_v with_o possession_n or_o by_o bond_n of_o provision_n though_o no_o infeftment_n follow_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o relict_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o carnwath_n contra_fw-la gavin_n earl_n of_o carnwath_n and_o a_o disposition_n by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n witha_v power_n to_o burden_n with_o such_o a_o sum_n a_o bond_n grant_v thereafter_o to_o his_o daughter_n without_o mention_n of_o that_o power_n be_v find_v effectual_a against_o the_o son_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o father_n movable_n june_n 24._o 1677._o margaret_n hopringle_n contra_fw-la george_n hopringle_n though_o these_o may_v be_v more_o strict_o interpret_v in_o the_o case_n of_o singular_a successor_n acquire_v for_o onerous_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o mouswal_n contra_fw-la the_o child_n of_o mouswal_n who_o have_v dispone_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n reserve_v a_o power_n to_o himself_o to_o burden_v it_o with_o such_o a_o sum_n to_o his_o bairn_n have_v give_v they_o bond_n of_o provision_n with_o a_o base_a infeftment_n the_o same_o be_v prefer_v without_o possession_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o reservation_n to_o the_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n of_o the_o creditor_n for_o prior_n debt_n see_v he_o have_v then_o a_o estate_n sufficient_a for_o all_o his_o debt_n and_o his_o bairn_n portion_n it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o clause_n contain_v in_o infeftment_n be_v not_o real_a burden_n affect_v singular_a successor_n such_o as_o warrandice_n which_o only_o obliege_v the_o warrant_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o be_v mere_o personal_a so_o than_o the_o difficulty_n remain_v what_o clause_n insert_v in_o infeftment_n be_v real_a burden_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n first_o then_o if_o the_o infeftment_n bear_v a_o provision_n that_o the_o person_n infeft_v shall_v pay_v such_o a_o sum_n or_o do_v such_o
be_v give_v and_o expire_v which_o in_o all_o decreet_n proceed_v upon_o citation_n require_v fifteen_o day_n in_o which_o address_n may_v bemade_v to_o the_o lord_n three_o decreet_n of_o baron_n have_v no_o execution_n by_o horning_n which_o go_v of_o course_n upon_o the_o decreet_n precept_n and_o execution_n of_o other_o judge_n ordinary_a so_o that_o all_o the_o execution_n upon_o their_o sentence_n be_v only_o poind_v or_o corporal_a punishment_n as_o to_o which_o if_o there_o be_v any_o process_n for_o capital_a punishment_n the_o lord_n will_v very_o easy_o grant_v advocation_n as_o they_o do_v advocate_n cause_n from_o inferior_a judge_n not_o only_o upon_o incompotency_n but_o upon_o intricacy_n and_o importance_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o important_a than_o the_o life_n of_o man_n they_o will_v easy_o advocate_n such_o process_n wherein_o baron_n shall_v not_o proceed_v summary_o to_o execution_n but_o both_o they_o and_o other_o inferior_a judge_n ordinary_a shall_v after_o sentence_n at_o least_o abide_v term_n of_o law_n by_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o day_n that_o the_o lord_n may_v give_v remeed_o by_o advocation_n or_o suspension_n of_o execution_n for_o though_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n they_o do_v ordinary_o advocate_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n may_v suspend_v criminal_a process_n to_o the_o effect_n the_o same_o may_v be_v remit_v to_o competent_a and_o unsuspect_a judge_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o doubtfulness_n in_o the_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o justice_n four_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n or_o freeholders_n be_v not_o court_n of_o record_n in_o which_o write_v use_v to_o be_v registrat_n 64._o as_o the_o court_n of_o baron_n and_o freeholders_n have_v these_o restriction_n more_o than_o the_o inferior_a judge_n so_o they_o have_v this_o advantage_n ordinary_o that_o all_o the_o profit_n and_o issue_n of_o their_o court_n belong_v to_o themselves_o whereas_o sheriff_n stewart_n and_o bailiff_n of_o royalty_n be_v countable_a to_o the_o king_n see_v these_o be_v the_o king_n court_n but_o bailiff_n of_o regality_n be_v not_o countable_a because_o though_o they_o be_v the_o king_n court_n yet_o the_o king_n have_v gift_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n by_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o regality_n if_o then_o a_o infeftment_n contain_v court_n the_o profit_v thereof_o be_v carry_v therewith_o though_o not_o express_v but_o ordinary_o they_o bear_v cum_fw-la curiis_fw-la earumque_fw-la exitibus_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o amerciament_n of_o court_n or_o there_o other_o issue_n or_o there_o privilege_n on_o the_o breaker_n of_o arreeistment_n lose_v their_o tack_n to_o their_o master_n within_o their_o barony_n be_v not_o comprehend_v within_o public_a confiscation_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n 65._o fortalice_n be_v also_o inter_v regalia_z and_o be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o fee_n unless_o express_v or_o at_o least_o the_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o barony_n by_o fortalice_n be_v understand_v all_o strength_n build_v for_o public_a defence_n whether_o that_o appear_v by_o common_a fame_n or_o reputation_n such_o as_o all_o the_o king_n castle_n whereof_o many_o be_v now_o in_o private_a hand_n as_o proprietar_n or_o heritable_a keeper_n thereof_o or_o constable_n of_o the_o same_o such_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o dunstafnage_n carrick_n skipnes_n and_o other_o belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o argyl_n the_o constabulary_a of_o forfar_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o strathmore_n the_o constabulary_a of_o dundie_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n hattoun_n and_o when_o these_o castle_n be_v dispone_v either_o in_o property_n or_o custody_n the_o infeftment_n thereof_o carry_v therewith_o not_o only_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o dependency_n thereof_o as_o garden_n orchard_n park_n meadow_n and_o other_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o king_n or_o keeper_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o all_o rent_n annuity_n jurisdiction_n and_o privilege_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o may_v be_v instruct_v by_o their_o charter_n their_o court-book_n or_o other_o write_v or_o instrument_n and_o even_o by_o witness_n prove_v long_a possession_n albeit_o the_o infeftment_n of_o constabulary_a bear_v only_o in_o general_n officium_fw-la constabularii_fw-la cum_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o divoriis_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la which_o be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o proclaim_n and_o ride_v of_o fair_n anterior_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o office_n and_o exerce_v criminal_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o town_n where_o the_o fair_n be_v hold_v during_o these_o fair_n but_o not_o to_o extend_v to_o other_o fair_n recent_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o to_o jurisdiction_n at_o other_o time_n july_n 18._o 1676._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la town_n of_o forfar_n the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o the_o process_n betwixt_o hattoun_n and_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n in_o anno_fw-la 1679._o wherein_o multitude_n of_o witness_n be_v examine_v upon_o either_o part_n and_o the_o emolument_n privilege_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o constabulary_a be_v decern_v according_a to_o the_o probation_n and_o particular_o 20_o shilling_n sterling_a yearly_a for_o which_o the_o town_n of_o dundie_n count_v in_o exchequer_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o constable_n which_o be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n albeit_o there_o be_v a_o discharge_n thereof_o grant_v to_o the_o town_n by_o scrymzour_n constable_n of_o dundie_n which_o be_v not_o find_v effectual_a against_o hattoun_n his_o singular_a successor_n in_o the_o office_n by_o appryse_v december_n 9_o 1679._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 66._o the_o case_n be_v more_o doubtful_a as_o to_o other_o fortalice_n which_o be_v not_o repute_v to_o have_v be_v the_o king_n castle_n craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o all_o strong_a hold_n be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v build_v for_o public_a defence_n and_o not_o for_o private_a safety_n wherein_o turris_fw-la pinnata_fw-la be_v comprehend_v have_v turret_n or_o round_n upon_o the_o angles_n from_o whence_o shot_n may_v be_v direct_v alongst_o all_o the_o wall_n and_o therefore_o much_o more_o may_v castle_n with_o bartizen_n or_o band_n that_o be_v strong_a and_o high_a wall_n surround_v the_o castle_n or_o if_o the_o castle_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o place_n natural_o strong_a which_o may_v give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o king_n to_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o rebellion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v patent_n and_o accessible_a at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o most_o of_o all_o if_o there_o be_v regular_a fortification_n of_o stone_n or_o earth_n certain_o such_o fortress_n or_o fortification_n whereby_o place_n be_v make_v of_o that_o strength_n which_o be_v accustom_v to_o secure_v against_o public_a enemy_n in_o war_n may_v not_o be_v build_v without_o the_o king_n warrant_n and_o if_o otherwise_o build_v may_v be_v demolish_v and_o the_o builder_n punish_v but_o long_a possession_n presume_v a_o warrant_n and_o as_o such_o fortalice_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o the_o king_n from_o the_o very_a inspection_n of_o the_o fortalice_n and_o its_o proper_a use_n so_o long_a possession_n may_v take_v off_o that_o presumption_n and_o that_o they_o have_v be_v build_v main_o for_o private_a use_n in_o time_n of_o trouble_n with_o the_o king_n consent_n but_o we_o need_v not_o insist_v in_o these_o question_n see_v tower_n and_o fortalice_n do_v now_o pass_v in_o course_n in_o charter_n yet_o though_o these_o be_v express_v if_o it_o appear_v the_o fortress_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o annex_v property_n the_o right_a of_o they_o will_v only_o resolve_v into_o a_o heritable_a keep_n so_o that_o the_o king_n in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o insurrection_n may_v make_v use_n of_o such_o strong_a hold_n and_o put_v garrison_n therein_o see_v keep_v do_v not_o exclude_v the_o king_n own_o necessary_a use_n neither_o will_v the_o express_v of_o fortalice_n general_o empower_v the_o vassal_n to_o build_v such_o strength_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o public_a war_n because_o the_o clause_n can_v only_o import_v such_o fortalice_n as_o then_o be_v build_v but_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n to_o extend_v fortalice_n to_o all_o house_n with_o batlement_n or_o with_o turret_n or_o round_n which_o can_v only_o infer_v private_a safety_n against_o robber_n plunderer_n or_o fly_a party_n but_o nothing_o proper_a for_o a_o siege_n or_o public_a defence_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o these_o may_v pass_v as_o house_n or_o pertinent_o and_o as_o to_o that_o ground_n craig_n adduce_n that_o it_o be_v treason_n to_o hold_v any_o fortalice_n against_o the_o king_n or_o to_o deny_v he_o or_o these_o commission_v by_o he_o access_n by_o arm_a force_n and_o yet_o delivery_n of_o any_o other_o private_a right_n may_v be_v refuse_v to_o the_o king_n without_o hazard_n whence_o he_o infer_v that_o the_o king_n must_v have_v great_a right_o and_o interest_n in_o
right_n do_v take_v off_o from_o he_o the_o ward_n if_o the_o right_n be_v feu_n only_o general_o without_o mention_n of_o the_o ward_n see_v the_o act_n 1606._o do_v only_o annul_v feve_v set_v by_o vassal_n hold_v ward_n of_o subject_n without_o their_o superior_n consent_n which_o be_v so_o find_v albeit_o the_o feu_n be_v under_o reversion_n that_o it_o be_v free_a of_o the_o ward_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o the_o subvassal_n fever_n but_o do_v only_o affect_v the_o vassal_n interest_n viz._n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n reversion_n and_o back-tack_n july_n 2._o 1672._o earl_n of_o eglintoun_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n greenock_n ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o terce_n and_o liferent_a of_o husband_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n both_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n and_o be_v valid_a without_o the_o superior_n consent_n but_o rental_n and_o tack_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n have_v only_o this_o effect_n against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n that_o the_o tenant_n or_o labourer_n shall_v not_o be_v remove_v till_o the_o next_o whitsonday_n after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o ward_n pay_v the_o old_a accustom_a duty_n par._n 1491._o cap._n 26._o but_o then_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n may_v remove_v they_o notwithstanding_o their_o tack_n be_v unexpired_a which_o therefore_o sleep_n during_o the_o ward_n but_o revive_v against_o the_o setter_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o endure_v as_o many_o year_n after_o the_o ward_n as_o they_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n sinclar_n may_v 21._o 1549._o laird_n of_o durie_n contra_fw-la robert_n stevart_n ledingtoun_n december_n 16._o 1569._o king_n donatar_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o drorgan_n july_n 4._o 1611._o laird_n of_o couter_n contra_fw-la where_o also_o the_o terce_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o exclude_v the_o superior_a yet_o ward_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o annualrent_n hold_v of_o the_o vassal_n march_v 11._o 1629._o james_n weyms_n contra_fw-la kincraig_n but_o now_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1606._o prohibit_v feve_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a these_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o ward_n or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n as_o to_o fee_n not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v even_o extend_v to_o the_o fee_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n hope_n ward_n lady_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o cathcart_n and_o after_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1633._o extend_v the_o foresay_a act_n to_o ward-land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n feve_v then_o grant_v till_o the_o year_n 1641._o when_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o act_n be_v before_o suspend_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1640._o be_v take_v away_o and_o so_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v valid_a till_o the_o rescissory_a act_n 1661._o whereby_o the_o say_a parliament_n 1641._o be_v rescind_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 15._o so_o that_o now_o feve_v of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n prince_z or_o any_o other_o superior_a without_o their_o consent_n do_v not_o exclude_v it_o or_o other_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n except_o such_o feve_v as_o be_v grant_v the_o several_a time_n they_o be_v allow_v by_o law_n but_o a_o charter_n upon_o a_o apprize_n do_v exclude_v the_o ward_n though_o no_o infeftment_n be_v take_v thereupon_o during_o the_o vassal_n life_n as_o hope_n observe_v title_n ward_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o newburgh_n because_o the_o superior_n charter_n without_o seasine_n do_v import_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o casualty_n which_o may_v befall_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o he_o there_o observe_v that_o a_o ward_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o whereby_o the_o defunct_a be_v denude_v albeit_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o heir_n laird_n of_o ley_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o barro_n during_o the_o legal_a the_o superior_a or_o donatar_a as_o before_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o appryse_v they_o may_v pay_v the_o appryzer_n and_o take_v his_o right_n so_o after_o they_o may_v redeem_v he_o and_o exclude_v he_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o by_o apprize_a suppose_v of_o a_o great_a tenement_n for_o a_o small_a debt_n the_o superior_a shall_v be_v simple_o exclude_v and_o it_o may_v be_v upon_o design_n if_o a_o appryzer_n possess_v his_o ward_n fall_v and_o not_o the_o former_a vassal_n though_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o expire_v but_o after_o the_o ward_n be_v fall_v though_o the_o superior_a receive_v a_o appryzer_n apprize_a from_o the_o heir_n without_o protestation_n yet_o it_o be_v find_v not_o to_o prejudge_v the_o ward_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o former_a vassal_n july_n 9_o 1664._o hospital_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la robert_n campbel_n but_o a_o superior_a be_v not_o exclude_v from_o the_o ward_n by_o his_o vassalt_n death_n because_o a_o appryzer_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o enter_v he_o during_o that_o vassal_n life_n see_v that_o charge_n can_v not_o make_v the_o apprizer_n vassal_n by_o who_o death_n ward_n will_v fall_v and_o thereby_o make_v the_o superior_a lose_v this_o casuality_n by_o the_o death_n of_o both_o the_o old_a vassal_n and_o the_o appryzer_n unless_o the_o superior_a have_v be_v in_o mora_fw-la aut_fw-la culpa_fw-la which_o be_v not_o find_v unless_o a_o year_n rend_v of_o the_o land_n or_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n and_o a_o charter_n be_v offer_v with_o a_o bond_n to_o pay_v what_o further_o the_o lord_n shall_v modify_v february_n 19_o 1669._o black_a contra_fw-la david_n trinch_n if_o a_o apprize_a be_v satisfy_v or_o extinct_a by_o intromission_n the_o ward-land_n apprise_v become_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n by_o ward_n till_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o heir_n july_n 20._o 1671._o lindsay_n of_o mount_n contra_fw-la maxwel_n of_o kirkonel_n in_o which_o case_n the_o appryzer_n be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o restrict_n to_o his_o annualrent_n to_o the_o effect_n that_o the_o donatar_n of_o ward_n may_v have_v the_o superplus_n by_o the_o act_n of_o parl_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o betwixt_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n whereby_o there_o be_v a_o power_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o cause_n appryzers_n restrict_n to_o their_o annualrent_n which_o be_v only_o personal_a in_o favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n if_o he_o demand_v it_o the_o benefit_n of_o ward_n be_v also_o burden_a with_o the_o mentainance_n and_o sustentation_n of_o the_o heir_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o foresay_a act_n 1491._o cap._n 25_o whereby_o a_o reasonable_a sustentation_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heritage_n be_v appoint_v to_o the_o heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n blensh_fw-mi or_o feu_fw-fr to_o sustain_v he_o and_o that_o by_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o donatar_n and_o conjunctfiar_n and_o liferenter_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v modify_v by_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o so_o find_v not_o only_a when_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o mean_n but_o though_o he_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o entertain_v he_o the_o superplus_n be_v modify_v out_o of_o the_o ward-land_n and_o land_n liferent_v proportionable_o march_v 16._o 1622._o heir_n of_o miltoun_n contra_fw-la calderwood_n we_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o the_o aliment_n of_o heir_n by_o ward_n superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n in_o this_o place_n but_o you_o may_v see_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n title_n 27._o section_n three_o thus_o it_o appear_v in_o what_o way_n the_o casuality_n of_o ward_n be_v exclude_v burden_v or_o restrict_v be_v always_o by_o law_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o no_o private_a deed_n of_o the_o vassal_n without_o the_o superior_n consent_n or_o appointment_n of_o law_n can_v burden_v the_o fee_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a by_o ward_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o servitude_n introduce_v by_o the_o vassal_n as_o thirlage_n way_n and_o the_o like_a be_v not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n when_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n unless_o such_o servitude_n be_v introduce_v by_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n or_o immemorial_n possession_n whereunto_o all_o party_n have_v interest_n their_o consent_n be_v presume_v and_o therefore_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v more_o ground_n for_o sustain_v of_o the_o servitude_n even_o against_o the_o superior_a who_o may_v at_o least_o have_v use_v civil_a interruption_n march_n set_v by_o the_o vassal_n of_o consent_n or_o by_o cognition_n whereto_o the_o superior_a be_v not_o call_v have_v no_o effect_n in_o his_o prejudice_n during_o the_o ward_n feb._n 8._o 1662._o lord_n torphichen_n contra_fw-la as_o to_z the_o personal_a debt_n of_o the_o vassal_n whether_o heritable_a or_o movable_a they_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o fee_n though_o in_o ward_n albeit_o craig_n dieges_n 20._o relate_v that_o of_o
contra_fw-la fleming_n the_o like_a find_v of_o a_o liferent_a which_o carry_v the_o right_n of_o a_o reversion_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o liferenters_n life_n decem._n 5._o 1665._o beg_v contra_fw-la beg._n 2._o there_o be_v no_o question_n of_o this_o accression_n when_o the_o disponer_n disponeth_n for_o all_o right_n he_o have_v have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v which_o be_v a_o general_a assignation_n or_o disposition_n of_o any_o right_a superveen_n if_o the_o debate_n fall_v betwixt_o the_o disponer_n and_o successor_n there_o be_v also_o little_a question_n if_o the_o right_o dispone_v have_v express_v or_o employ_v absolute_a warrandice_n as_o be_v for_o a_o cause_n onerous_a in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o question_n be_v betwixt_o the_o disponer_n and_o successor_n he_o who_o dispone_v for_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n import_v his_o acknowledgement_n of_o have_v a_o absolute_a right_n can_v clothe_v himself_o with_o any_o posterior_n right_o which_o will_v infer_v warrandice_n against_o he_o if_o it_o be_v in_o another_o person_n and_o therefore_o that_o personal_a objection_n exclude_v he_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n neither_o be_v it_o questionable_a that_o if_o the_o disposition_n or_o assignation_n be_v limit_v as_o be_v only_o to_o a_o particular_a title_n or_o general_o for_o any_o right_n the_o disponer_n have_v or_o bear_v warrandice_n from_o his_o own_o fact_n and_o deed_n then_o if_o he_o acquire_v a_o posterior_n right_o he_o may_v make_v use_n thereof_o against_o that_o person_n to_o who_o he_o dispone_v much_o more_o may_v any_o singular_a successor_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n decide_v july_n 19_o 1664._o betwixt_o dam_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n and_o sir_n robert_n sinclar_a her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o wedderburn_n anent_o the_o teind_n of_o kello_n and_o kimmergem_n whereof_o the_o earl_n of_o home_n common_a author_n give_v a_o tack_v to_o wedderburns_n predecessor_n with_o warrandice_n from_o his_o own_o deed_n and_o any_o right_n the_o earl_n then_o have_v be_v reduce_v he_o do_v thereafter_o acquire_v a_o new_a right_n from_o coldinghame_n and_o thereupon_o grant_v a_o right_n to_o william_n dowglas_n of_o eula_n to_o who_o the_o say_a dam_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n be_v heir_n which_o supperveen_v right_o be_v find_v not_o to_o accresce_fw-it to_o wedderburn_n to_o defend_v his_o tack_v see_v he_o have_v not_o absolute_a warrandice_n but_o from_o his_o own_o deed_n only_o but_o the_o main_a question_n be_v when_o the_o contraversie_n be_v not_o betwixt_o the_o author_n and_o the_o party_n to_o who_o he_o dispones_fw-la but_o betwixt_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o that_o author_n and_o that_o party_n to_o who_o he_o have_v dispone_v before_o in_o which_o case_n the_o personal_a objection_n upon_o the_o warrandice_n have_v no_o place_n and_o ofttimes_o the_o right_a superveen_n require_v special_a solemnity_n and_o can_v be_v transmit_v without_o these_o as_o resignation_n confirmation_n seasine_n yet_o even_o in_o these_o case_n reason_n and_o the_o lord_n decision_n extend_v the_o rule_n so_o that_o the_o superveen_a right_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la accresces_fw-la without_o any_o new_a solemnity_n but_o if_o the_o necessary_a solemnity_n have_v precede_v when_o there_o be_v no_o right_a whensoever_o the_o right_a superveen_n it_o be_v draw_v back_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o former_a solemnity_n fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o so_o if_o a_o superior_a acquire_v the_o right_n of_o forefaultry_a of_o his_o superior_a the_o same_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la accresce_v to_o the_o sub-vassal_n and_o can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o against_o they_o spot_n conjunctfee_n malcolm_n crawford_n contra_fw-la mordistoun_n the_o like_a be_v find_v feb._n 15._o 16._o 1665._o boid_n of_o penkil_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o carsluth_n in_o which_o case_n the_o vassal_n be_v ordain_v to_o pay_v their_o share_n of_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o ward_n but_o where_o the_o superveen_a right_n befall_v to_o the_o author_n appearand_a heir_n and_o be_v by_o he_o dispone_v to_o another_o before_o he_o be_v enter_v heir_n in_o that_o case_n the_o author_n appearand_a heir_n obtain_v gift_n of_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o land_n dispone_v to_o vassal_n the_o say_v liferent_a be_v not_o find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o vassal_n because_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v denude_v thereof_o in_o favour_n of_o another_o before_o he_o be_v heir_n july_n 5._o 1611._o james_n skeen_n contra_fw-la vassal_n of_o athol_n this_o rule_n be_v so_o far_o extend_v that_o a_o supervenient_a right_n by_o decreet_a of_o reduction_n and_o improbation_n acquire_v by_o swintown_n have_v right_o to_o the_o land_n of_o brimstoun_n be_v find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o earl_n of_o lauderdail_n be_v restore_v july_n 13._o 1664._o earl_n of_o lauderdale_n contra_fw-la heretor_fw-la of_o wolmet_n but_o where_o a_o person_n have_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n do_v inse_v another_o in_o liferent_a himself_n never_o be_v infeft_v do_v assign_v the_o disposition_n to_o a_o three_o party_n who_o be_v thereupon_o infeft_v that_o disposition_n be_v not_o find_v to_o accresce_fw-it to_o the_o annualrenter_fw-la because_o his_o author_n be_v never_o infeft_v thereupon_o june_n 29._o 1676._o james_n brown_n contra_fw-la smith_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o if_o a_o party_n grant_v infeftment_n before_o he_o be_v infeft_v himself_o and_o he_o thereafter_o infeft_v it_o accresce_v to_o that_o party_n who_o he_o infeft_v before_o if_o the_o question_n be_v betwixt_o they_o but_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o direct_o decide_v quid_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o these_o 〈◊〉_d if_o a_o person_n not_o infeft_v do_v give_v right_o to_o two_o party_n and_o thereafter_o be_v infeft_v to_o which_o of_o the_o two_o his_o superveen_a infeftment_n will_n accresce_fw-it or_o if_o he_o infeft_v one_o when_o he_o be_v not_o infeft_v and_o thereafter_o another_o when_o he_o be_v infeft_v which_o of_o these_o will_v have_v right_a but_o it_o seem_v the_o first_o infeftment_n in_o both_o case_n will_v be_v prefer_v because_o she_o common_a author_n right_o accresce_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o common_a author_n infeftment_n proceed_v upon_o the_o diligence_n of_o any_o party_n it_o may_v seem_v the_o same_o will_v only_o accresce_fw-it to_o he_o who_o be_v the_o procurer_n of_o it_o yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o first_o right_o with_o absolute_a warrandice_n june_n 21_o 1671._o john_n nielson_n contra_fw-la menzies_n of_o enoch_n but_o now_o to_o return_v to_o what_o be_v special_a in_o disposition_n 3._o a_o disposition_n be_v the_o transmission_n or_o conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n from_o the_o disponer_n to_o his_o singular_a successor_n not_o in_o contemplation_n of_o the_o disponer_n death_n for_o such_o be_v comprehend_v among_o succession_n from_o the_o dead_a as_o legacy_n donation_n mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o disposition_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o conveyance_n and_o so_o it_o be_v take_v not_o for_o the_o dispositive_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o but_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v requisite_a to_o complete_a the_o conveyance_n as_o tradition_n resignation_n possession_n though_o a_o disposition_n be_v ofttimes_o take_v as_o distinct_a from_o these_o for_o the_o more_o clear_a uptake_n of_o conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n consider_v first_o what_o be_v requifite_n to_o transmit_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n without_o any_o positive_a law_n or_o custom_n and_o next_o what_o by_o these_o be_v requisite_a to_o transmit_v the_o several_a right_n as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n how_o far_o dominion_n and_o property_n be_v competent_a by_o the_o law_n of_o rational_a nature_n and_o it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o that_o though_o there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n nor_o custom_n that_o the_o rational_a creature_n be_v natural_o instruct_v how_o to_o dispone_v and_o alienate_v his_o own_o the_o power_n of_o disposal_n be_v the_o characteristic_a of_o dominion_n which_o be_v natural_a to_o man_n be_v create_v lord_n of_o the_o creature_n the_o question_n than_o be_v by_o what_o act_n man_n may_v natural_o exercise_v the_o power_n of_o disposal_n which_o can_v be_v no_o act_n of_o the_o understanding_n that_o be_v only_o contemplative_a and_o nothing_o active_a nor_o operative_a for_o constitute_v or_o transmit_v of_o right_n but_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o act_n of_o the_o will_n for_o by_o it_o right_n be_v both_o acquire_v relinquish_v and_o alienate_v there_o may_v be_v three_o act_n of_o the_o will_n about_o the_o disposal_n of_o right_n a_o resolution_n to_o dispone_v a_o paction_n contract_n or_o obligation_n to_o dispone_n and_o a_o present_a will_n or_o consent_n that_o that_o which_o be_v the_o disponer_n be_v the_o acquirer_n resolution_n terminat_n within_o the_o resolver_n and_o may_v be_v dissolve_v by_o a_o contrary_a resolution_n
unexpyre_v not_o only_o as_o to_o his_o own_o estate_n but_o as_o to_o the_o cautioner_n estate_n february_n 10._o 1675._o lady_n torwoed-head_n contra_fw-la florence_n gardner_n 39_o but_o the_o appryzer_n have_v it_o in_o his_o option_n whether_o he_o will_v enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n or_o will_v uplift_v more_o thereof_o than_o his_o annualrent_n yet_o if_o a_o posteriour_a appryzer_n insist_v for_o possession_n the_o first_o must_v either_o possess_v do_v diligence_n and_o be_v countable_a or_o suffer_v he_o to_o possess_v february_n 11._o 1636._o colqhoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balvie_n but_o if_o the_o appryzer_n possess_v he_o must_v do_v diligence_n for_o the_o rent_n of_o that_o land_n he_o possess_v and_o be_v countable_a not_o only_o for_o what_o he_o intromet_v with_o but_o for_o what_o he_o may_v have_v intromet_v with_o and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v tennent-stead_n at_o his_o entry_n he_o must_v count_v according_o at_o that_o rate_n though_o thereafter_o give_v over_o and_o waste_v if_o he_o neither_o set_v nor_o labour_v they_o himself_o nor_o intimate_fw-la to_o the_o debtor_n so_o to_o do_v feb._n 9_o 1639._o brownhill_n contra_fw-la cawder_n the_o like_a find_v that_o the_o appryzer_n be_v countable_a according_a to_o the_o rental_a allow_v all_o defalcation_n jan._n 4._o 1662._o james_n seaton_n contra_fw-la antony_n roswal_n but_o where_o the_o appryzer_n enter_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o land_n waste_v he_o be_v not_o find_v countable_a according_a as_o he_o set_v they_o thereafter_o for_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o proper_a labourage_n see_v by_o the_o season_n without_o his_o fault_n he_o lose_v thereby_o decem._n 23._o 1629._o john_n dickson_n contra_fw-la young_a but_o a_o appryzer_n be_v find_v countable_a for_o the_o rental_a of_o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o a_o small_a tenement_n lie_v contigue_fw-la have_v take_v decreet_a against_o all_o the_o tenant_n and_o yet_o refuse_v to_o count_v for_o some_o particular_a room_n without_o show_v any_o hindrance_n to_o uplift_v from_o these_o which_o other_o appryzer_n call_v to_o account_n can_v not_o know_v that_o he_o have_v forbear_v these_o but_o nothing_o be_v determine_v as_o to_o the_o common_a debtor_n own_o labourage_n jan._n 14._o 1681._o schaw_n of_o grimmat_n contra_fw-la john_n mure_n writer_n yet_o where_o the_o appryzer_n be_v disturb_v in_o his_o possession_n by_o the_o debtor_n via_fw-la facti_fw-la or_o via_fw-la juris_fw-la he_o be_v not_o find_v countable_a by_o a_o rental_a but_o what_o he_o recover_v till_o he_o attain_v to_o peaceable_a possession_n jan._n 20._o 1681._o burnet_n contra_fw-la burnet_n of_o barns_n 40._o the_o act_n of_o par._n 1661._o cap._n 62._o have_v lengthen_v the_o legal_a of_o appryzing_n and_o have_v bring_v in_o all_o who_o appryze_v within_o a_o year_n of_o the_o first_o effectual_a apprize_a pari_fw-la passu_fw-la by_o this_o act_n these_o these_o alteration_n be_v introduce_v as_o to_o appryzing_n first_o whereas_o before_o the_o first_o appryzer_n be_v infeft_v or_o do_v diligence_n have_v only_o access_n to_o the_o whole_a apprise_v land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v now_o the_o lord_n be_v impower_v to_o limit_v the_o possession_n during_o the_o legal_a as_o they_o shall_v see_v cause_n the_o appryzer_n get_v his_o annualrent_n or_o security_n therefore_o and_o therefore_o a_o appryzer_n pursue_v for_o remove_v and_o mail_n and_o duty_n his_o pursuit_n be_v only_o sustain_v for_o so_o much_o of_o the_o apprise_v land_n as_o she_o shall_v choose_v the_o rent_n whereof_o will_v be_v equivalent_a to_o eight_o per_fw-la cent_n of_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o he_o be_v countable_a for_o the_o superplus_n more_o than_o his_o annualrent_n and_o public_a burden_n the_o defender_n house_n and_o mains_fw-fr be_v always_o except_v see_v there_o be_v sufficient_a of_o other_o rent_n june_n 27._o 1672._o nicolson_n contra_fw-la sir_n william_n murray_n but_o the_o power_n grant_v to_o the_o lord_n to_o restrict_n appryzer_n be_v only_o personal_a and_o peculiar_a to_o the_o debtor_n and_o not_o to_o the_o posterior_n appryzer_n july_n 28._o 1671._o murray_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o southesk_n and_o other_o second_o all_o appryzing_n lead_v since_o the_o first_o of_o january_n 1652._o before_o the_o first_o effectual_a compryze_a obtain_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v the_o superior_a to_o receive_v or_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o same_o or_o to_o be_v lead_v thereafter_o upon_o any_o persosonal_a debt_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la as_o if_o they_o all_o have_v be_v contain_v in_o one_o compryze_a the_o other_o appryzer_n pay_v to_o the_o first_o effectual_a compryzer_n the_o expense_n of_o his_o compryze_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o but_o the_o year_n be_v not_o to_o count_v from_o the_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n by_o which_o the_o apprize_a become_v effectual_a but_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o decreet_a of_o apprize_a july_n 4._o 1671._o laird_n of_o balfour_n contra_fw-la mr._n william_n dowglas_n but_o this_o extend_v not_o to_o appryzing_n or_o annualrent_n or_o other_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la and_o according_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o lord_n that_o those_o other_o appryzer_n behove_v to_o pay_v the_o whole_a composition_n to_o the_o superior_a feb._n 5._o 1663._o robert_n graham_n contra_fw-la john_n ross._n yet_o these_o appryzing_n that_o be_v prior_n to_o the_o act_n be_v not_o find_v to_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o appryzing_n albeit_o the_o act_n bear_v that_o they_o shall_v come_v in_o as_o if_o they_o be_v in_o one_o apprize_a but_o only_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o as_o to_o what_o the_o first_o appryzer_n have_v possess_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la before_o the_o act_n of_o his_o intromission_n exceed_v his_o annualrent_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o compryzing_n and_o composition_n and_o in_o payment_n of_o the_o sum_n apprise_v for_o pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la jan._n 7._o 1665._o graham_n of_o blaitwood_n contra_fw-la brown_n but_o a_o apprize_a lead_v before_o january_n 1652._o though_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n be_v use_v thereon_o after_o jan._n 1652._o be_v find_v to_o exclude_v all_o appryzer_n after_o jan._n 1652._o who_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n be_v posterior_n to_o the_o infeftment_n or_o charge_n upon_o the_o apprize_a lead_v before_o jan._n 1652._o and_o that_o the_o say_a posterior_n apprize_a do_v not_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la with_o that_o lead_v before_o jan._n 1652._o because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n relate_v nothing_o to_o appryzing_n deduce_v before_o jan._n 1652._o decemb._n 12._o 1666._o sir_n henry_n home_n contra_fw-la creditor_n of_o kello_n and_o albeit_o the_o first_o effectual_a apprize_a be_v satisfy_v and_o so_o extinct_a yet_o it_o do_v stand_v valid_a as_o to_o the_o second_o apprize_a within_o year_n and_o day_n but_o a_o three_o apprize_a be_v not_o find_v thereby_o to_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la with_o the_o second_o apprize_a as_o be_v within_o year_n and_o day_n thereof_o as_o if_o the_o second_o apprize_a become_v the_o first_o appryzer_n decemb._n 13._o 1672._o street_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o northesk_n and_o james_n dean_n feb._n 20._o 1679._o tenant_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o queensberry_n and_o where_o the_o first_o appryzer_n 〈◊〉_d but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n apprise_v the_o second_o appryzer_n not_o infeft_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o three_o appryzer_n infeft_v as_o to_o the_o remanent_fw-la rent_n because_o the_o second_o appryzer_n need_v no_o infeftment_n but_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o first_o apprize_a be_v sufficient_v for_o all_o the_o appryzing_n lead_v within_o the_o year_n of_o the_o first_o decemb._n 22._o 1664._o doctor_n ramsay_n and_o william_n hay_o contra_fw-la alexander_n seatoun_n there_o be_v also_o a_o exception_n from_o this_o clause_n by_o another_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 21._o session_n 3._o that_o second_o appryser_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudge_v if_o they_o do_v acquire_v right_a to_o a_o former_a appryse_v redeem_v and_o satisfy_v by_o they_o for_o their_o own_o security_n before_o the_o say_a act_n albeit_o lead_v since_o jan._n 1652._o which_o first_o comprise_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o apprysing_n be_v former_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v without_o necessity_n to_o allege_v that_o right_o be_v take_v to_o the_o first_o appryse_v to_o shun_v the_o expyre_a of_o the_o legal_a or_o any_o other_o necessary_a cause_n decemb._n 9_o 1664._o veatch_n of_o dawick_n contra_fw-la alexander_n williamson_n three_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o legal_a be_v alter_v from_o seven_o year_n to_o ten_o year_n so_o that_o where_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d the_o time_n of_o the_o act_n three_o year_n be_v allow_v to_o redeem_v they_o from_o whitsonday_n 1661._o which_o terminate_v at_o whitsonday_n 1664._o whereanent_fw-la it_o be_v question_v whether_o intromission_n
himself_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o thereafter_o resign_v and_o infeft_v himself_o and_o the_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o second_o marriage_n which_o faill_v his_o near_a heir_n whatsoever_o these_o heir_n male_a the_o second_o marriage_n faill_v and_o therefore_o not_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n only_o but_o she_o and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o three_o marriage_n succeed_v by_o the_o second_o infeftment_n as_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o substitute_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n craig_n have_v the_o case_n but_o otherways_o observe_v lib._n 2._o dieg_n 14._o where_o a_o person_n have_v provide_v his_o land_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o three_o several_a marriage_n of_o each_o whereof_o there_o survive_v a_o daughter_n the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o the_o daughter_n shall_v succeed_v whether_o the_o first_o as_o have_v the_o first_o provision_n or_o the_o last_o have_v the_o last_o provision_n the_o party_n be_v three_o sister_n aikmans_n in_o which_o the_o lord_n admit_v all_o the_o three_o sister_n as_o heir_n portioner_n and_o so_o confound_v the_o provision_n be_v all_o equal_a and_o about_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o must_v be_v the_o reason_n and_o not_o that_o which_o be_v there_o render_v because_o the_o defunct_a notwithstanding_o of_o these_o provision_n in_o favour_n of_o heir_n may_v have_v dispone_v effectual_a to_o a_o stranger_n and_o so_o likewise_o to_o his_o own_o child_n of_o another_o marriage_n for_o that_o reason_n will_v have_v exclude_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o prefer_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o last_o marriage_n and_o as_o have_v be_v show_v tailzy_n of_o provision_n upon_o a_o anticedent_n onerous_a obligation_n such_o as_o be_v marriage_n hinder_v the_o fire_n to_o dispone_v or_o provide_v the_o same_o to_o his_o heir_n of_o line_n represent_v he_o simple_o and_o must_v fulfil_v his_o obliegment_n albeit_o his_o disposition_n to_o stranger_n not_o so_o represent_v he_o will_v be_v effectual_a and_o therefore_o craig_n in_o that_o same_o place_n observe_v in_o the_o case_n of_o isobel_n barron_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o her_o father_n of_o his_o first_o marriage_n by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n shall_v succeed_v to_o all_o land_n conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n and_o thereafter_o have_v a_o son_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n who_o be_v his_o father_n heir_n of_o line_n to_o who_o his_o father_n dispone_v or_o provide_v a_o tenement_n acquire_v during_o the_o first_o marriage_n yet_o the_o say_a isobel_n as_o heir_n of_o that_o marriage_n recover_v that_o tenement_n from_o her_o brother_n as_o heir_n of_o lyne_n but_o the_o main_a difficulty_n remain_v when_o the_o obliegment_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n be_v un-equal_a for_o when_o they_o be_v equal_a whether_o they_o become_v extinct_a by_o confusion_n or_o not_o it_o be_v alike_o but_o if_o they_o be_v so_o extinct_a when_o they_o be_v un-equal_a there_o will_v not_o be_v a_o equal_a suffering_n or_o abatement_n but_o the_o great_a obliegment_n will_v be_v extinct_a as_o well_o as_o the_o least_o neither_o can_v such_o obligation_n be_v whole_o extinct_a by_o confusion_n but_o only_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v three_o heir_n portioner_n for_o example_n the_o obliegment_n grant_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o can_v only_o be_v extinct_a for_o a_o thirdpart_n because_o they_o be_v but_o heir_n in_o a_o three_o part_n and_o as_o to_o two_o three_o part_n each_o two_o of_o they_o be_v debtor_n to_o the_o three_o and_o if_o the_o obligation_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o heritage_n such_o of_o they_o as_o find_v themselves_o loser_n if_o they_o enter_v heir_n may_v abstain_v and_o renounce_v and_o they_o or_o their_o assigney_n may_v pursue_v any_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o shall_v enter_v for_o fulfil_v of_o the_o defunct_n obliegment_n but_o if_o they_o be_v considerate_a when_o all_o the_o obligation_n joint_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o the_o estate_n they_o will_v all_o renounce_v and_o assign_v there_o obliegment_n and_o their_o assigney_n will_v be_v prefer_v according_a to_o their_o dilignece_n without_o consideration_n of_o the_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n of_o the_o obliegment_n but_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o enter_v or_o when_o their_o provision_n be_v not_o personal_a to_o themselves_o nominatim_fw-la but_o as_o they_o be_v heir_n of_o provision_n and_o therefore_o necessary_o require_v that_o they_o must_v be_v heir_n before_o they_o can_v obtain_v their_o provision_n than_o the_o obliegment_n or_o provision_n of_o each_o portioner_n be_v extinct_a as_o to_o their_o own_o proportion_n but_o they_o have_v like_o action_n against_o the_o other_o heir_n portioner_n for_o there_o proportion_n as_o other_o creditor_n have_v the_o point_n will_v be_v clear_a by_o example_n if_o three_o sister_n be_v provide_v by_o the_o father_n to_o un-equal_a portion_n the_o first_o to_o 15000._o mark_n the_o second_o to_o 12000._o mark_n the_o three_o to_o 6000._o mark_n and_o the_o defunct_n whole_a estate_n have_v only_o be_v worth_n 18000._o mark_n all_o of_o they_o enter_v the_o case_n will_v be_v thus_o the_o elder_a will_v succeed_v to_o 6000._o mark_n of_o the_o heritage_n for_o her_o part_n and_o the_o second_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o she_o for_o 5000._o mark_n as_o the_o three_o of_o the_o her_o provision_n to_o who_o she_o will_v also_o be_v liable_a for_o 4000_o mark_n as_o the_o three_o of_o the_o second_o provision_n which_o be_v compense_v the_o second_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o first_o in_o a_o 1000_o mark_n dc_o claro_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n the_o first_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o three_o in_o 2000_o mark_n and_o the_o three_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o first_o in_o 5000._o mark_n which_o be_v balance_v the_o three_o will_v be_v debtor_n de_fw-fr claro_fw-la to_o the_o first_o in_o 3000._o mark_n so_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o first_o will_v be_v 6000._o mark_n as_o her_o own_o portion_n and_o one_o out_o of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o out_o of_o the_o three_o portion_n be_v in_o all_o a_o 10000_o the_o second_o fall_v 6000._o as_o her_o share_n out_o of_o which_o she_o be_v liable_a in_o 1000_o mark_n to_o the_o elder_a and_o the_o young_a be_v due_a to_o she_o de_fw-fr claro_fw-la 2000_o mark_n whereby_o her_o interest_n will_v be_v 7000._o mark_n the_o young_a portion_n will_v be_v 6000._o mark_n out_o of_o which_o she_o be_v due_a to_o the_o elder_a 3000._o mark_n and_o to_o the_o second_o 2000_o so_o there_o will_v remain_v only_o free_a to_o her_o 1000_o mark_n this_o may_v clear_v the_o case_n as_o to_o liquid_a sum_n and_o as_o to_o disposition_n or_o provision_n of_o land_n or_o other_o obliegment_n in_o facto_fw-la these_o or_o the_o interest_n or_o value_v will_v be_v the_o same_o way_n effectual_a among_o the_o heir_n portioner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v make_v to_o stranger_n except_o where_o the_o same_o disposition_n or_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o divers_a of_o they_o for_o then_o either_o be_v equal_o oblige_v to_o other_o as_o represent_v the_o defunct_a the_o same_o become_v void_a and_o in-effectual_a protanto_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o sister_n aikmans_n but_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o against_o fraudulent_a disposition_n the_o first_o disposition_n or_o provision_n constitute_v that_o party_n creditor_n may_v give_v ground_n to_o reduce_v a_o posterior_n disposition_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o another_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n as_o be_v without_o a_o cause_n onerous_a after_o contractiong_a of_o the_o first_o debt_n but_o that_o will_v not_o hold_v in_o band_n for_o sum_n of_o money_n all_o which_o will_v have_v their_o effect_n as_o be_v before_o say_v neither_o will_v it_o hold_v when_o the_o provision_n of_o land_n provide_v the_o party_n provide_v to_o be_v heir_n for_o thereby_o the_o party_n can_v quarrel_v that_o predecessor_n deed_n otherways_o the_o first_o obliegment_n or_o disposition_n to_o any_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n nominatim_fw-la may_v reduce_v any_o posterior_n disposition_n to_o other_o of_o the_o heir_n portioner_n two_o daughter_n be_v serve_v both_o heir_n portioner_n to_o their_o father_n in_o some_o teind_n but_o one_o of_o they_o succeed_v to_o her_o brother_n who_o be_v infeft_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n in_o land_n exclude_v the_o other_o sister_n who_o be_v not_o sister_n german_a to_o her_o brother_n by_o both_o blood_n and_o both_o be_v pursue_v for_o their_o father_n debt_n they_o be_v not_o find_v liable_a equal_o but_o proportional_o according_a to_o the_o interest_n they_o succeed_v to_o the_o one_o be_v only_o immediate_a heir_n to_o her_o father_n in_o a_o right_n of_o tiend_n wherein_o her_o brother_n be_v not_o serve_v
and_o infeft_v the_o other_o be_v equal_o and_o immediate_o heir_n to_o her_o father_n in_o these_o teind_n and_o mediate_o heir_n to_o her_o father_n by_o be_v heir_n to_o her_o brother_n who_o be_v heir_n to_o his_o father_n be_v infeft_v in_o the_o land_n by_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la without_o service_n june_n 10._o 1673._o christian_n white_a contra_fw-la janet_n white_n 16._o other_o heir_n not_o be_v heirs-portioners_a be_v liable_a for_o the_o defunct_n debt_n in_o solidum_fw-la except_o heir_n substitute_v in_o band_n who_o be_v only_o liable_a quoad_fw-la valorem_fw-la in_o the_o sum_n in_o these_o bond_n july_n 3._o 1666._o fleeming_a contra_fw-la fleeming_n 17._o heir_n be_v not_o conveenable_a at_o the_o creditor_n option_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o heir_n and_o executor_n but_o they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o order_n of_o discuss_v thus_o first_o debt_n and_o obliegment_n relate_v to_o any_o particular_a land_n or_o right_n and_o no_o other_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affect_v the_o heir_n who_o may_v succeed_v in_o these_o land_n or_o right_n before_o the_o heir_n general_a so_o a_o obliegment_n obliege_v the_o defunct_n heir_n of_o line_n or_o tailzie_n so_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o estate_n be_v find_v to_o affect_v the_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n who_o come_v to_o that_o estate_n without_o discuss_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n hope_v de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la lion_n contra_fw-la sir_n robert_n scot._n nicol._n de_fw-fr haereditariis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la so_o a_o obliegment_n obliege_v a_o debtor_n and_o his_o heir_n male_a succeed_v in_o such_o a_o estate_n and_o not_o all_o other_o heir_n be_v find_v to_o burden_v the_o heir_n male_a before_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n or_o executor_n july_n 22._o 1662._o margaret_n anderson_n contra_fw-la anderson_n so_o likewise_o a_o obliegment_n to_o infeft_a a_o party_n in_o a_o annualrent_n out_o of_o land_n design_v be_v find_v to_o affect_v the_o heir_n of_o provision_n in_o these_o land_n without_o discuss_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n nicol_n ibid._n edmonstoun_n contra_fw-la edmonstoun_n this_o be_v also_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lord_n though_o there_o be_v no_o decision_n in_o it_o february_n 19_o 1611._o laird_n of_o blair_n contra_fw-la fairlie_n and_o in_o these_o case_n the_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n will_v have_v no_o relief_n against_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n or_o other_o near_a heir_n of_o blood_n who_o otherwise_o and_o also_o executor_n must_v be_v discuss_v before_o heir_n of_o provision_n or_o tailzie_n general_n obliegment_v not_o relate_v to_o particular_a land_n do_v first_o affect_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n who_o be_v heir_n general_a 2._o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n july_n 21._o 1630._o fairlie_n contra_fw-la fairlie_n 3._o heir_n male_a must_v be_v discuss_v before_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n not_o be_v so_o near_o of_o blood_n hope_v the_o haer_v dunbar_n contra_fw-la hay_n of_o murkill_n the_o like_a must_v follow_v as_o to_o heir_n of_o marriage_n who_o be_v also_o heir_n of_o blood_n and_o must_v be_v discuss_v before_o other_o heir_n of_o provision_n or_o tailzie_n who_o therefore_o be_v only_o liable_a in_o the_o last_o place_n the_o rest_n be_v discuss_v unless_o they_o become_v oblige_v to_o relieve_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n november_n 22._o 1665._o laurence_n scot_n contra_fw-la boswel_o of_o auchinleck_n 18._o but_o a_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n be_v not_o find_v to_o represent_v the_o defunct_a in_o obligation_n contrary_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o tailzie_n as_o to_o which_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n be_v as_o creditor_n and_o stranger_n as_o when_o the_o security_n of_o a_o sum_n be_v by_o way_n of_o tailzie_n payable_a to_o the_o creditor_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n which_o fail_v to_o a_o person_n name_v his_o heir_n and_o assigney_n whatsoever_o the_o creditor_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v no_o deed_n hurtful_a to_o the_o tailzie_n and_o the_o debtor_n oblige_v not_o to_o pay_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o person_n name_v that_o person_n be_v find_v to_o have_v interest_n to_o obtain_v declarator_n that_o the_o sum_n be_v unwarrantable_o pay_v by_o the_o debtor_n without_o his_o consent_n or_o order_n of_o law_n by_o consign_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o same_o term_n and_o therefore_o the_o debtor_n be_v ordain_v to_o make_v up_o the_o security_n again_o as_o at_o first_o reserve_v to_o creditor_n how_o far_o they_o can_v affect_v this_o sum_n for_o the_o first_o fiars_n debt_n or_o whether_o the_o term_n of_o the_o tailzie_n will_v exclude_v the_o fiar_n debt_n or_o deed_n for_o his_o necessary_a use_n or_o only_o unnecessary_a and_o voluntary_a deed_n feb._n 3_o 1674_o drummond_n contra_fw-la drummond_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n a_o father_n have_v grant_v two_o bond_n of_o provision_n to_o his_o two_o daughter_n payable_a to_o they_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n which_o fail_v to_o return_v to_o the_o father_n and_o his_o heir_n the_o one_o of_o they_o have_v die_v without_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n but_o have_v assign_v her_o bond_n to_o her_o sister_n the_o assignation_n be_v find_v ineffectual_a as_o be_v do_v on_o design_n to_o disappoint_v the_o tailzie_n make_v by_o the_o father_n of_o the_o return_n of_o the_o provision_n in_o case_n the_o daughter_n have_v no_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n and_o so_o be_v do_v without_o any_o onerous_a cause_n or_o just_a consideration_n january_n 31._o 1679._o jean_n drummond_n contra_fw-la drummond_n of_o rickertoun_n 19_o and_o likewise_o heir_n of_o marriage_n be_v heir_n of_o provision_n and_o partly_o creditor_n and_o therefore_o may_v quarrel_v deed_n fraudulent_a or_o mere_o gratuitous_a do_v by_o the_o defunct_a who_o they_o represent_v in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o provision_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o forementioned_a case_n of_o isobel_n baron_n observe_v by_o craig_n who_o be_v heir_n of_o a_o marriage_n to_o who_o all_o land_n conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n be_v provide_v the_o father_n have_v dispone_v a_o tenement_n acquire_v during_o that_o marriage_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n by_o another_o marriage_n yet_o that_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n do_v recover_v the_o same_o from_o that_o son_n albeit_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n do_v represent_v her_o father_n and_o yet_o not_o simple_o but_o according_a to_o the_o provision_n by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o be_v a_o onerous_a contract_n uberrimae_fw-la fidei_fw-la the_o father_n contracter_n can_v do_v no_o deed_n contrary_a thereto_o but_o upon_o a_o onerous_a cause_n or_o just_a consideration_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o sell_v any_o thing_n fall_v within_o such_o provision_n the_o heir_n of_o provision_n can_v quarrel_v that_o stranger_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o fulfil_v to_o he_o but_o may_v quarrel_v the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v mere_o gratuitous_a much_o more_o may_v heir_n of_o a_o marriage_n quarrel_n deed_n prejudicial_a to_o their_o provision_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o child_n of_o other_o marriage_n without_o which_o the_o great_a trust_n of_o these_o contract_n will_v be_v elude_v whereupon_o party_n rely_v and_o make_v match_n and_o give_v tocher_n and_o therefore_o take_v provision_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n either_o of_o definite_a sum_n or_o of_o all_o or_o a_o part_n that_o the_o contracter_n have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v during_o the_o marriage_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o citizen_n be_v ordinary_o convey_v or_o otherwise_o contract_v of_o marriage_n bear_v particular_a land_n or_o sum_n to_o be_v provide_v to_o the_o heir_n or_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o also_o the_o conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n which_o clause_n of_o conquest_n will_v reach_v only_o to_o what_o the_o father_n have_v more_o at_o his_o death_n then_o the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o be_v ordinary_a both_o in_o the_o contract_n of_o citizen_n and_o other_o which_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v elusory_a but_o effectual_a according_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v not_o to_o bind_v up_o the_o father_n that_o he_o can_v do_v deed_n for_o cause_n onerous_a or_o rational_a consideration_n but_o that_o he_o can_v do_v no_o other_o deed_n mere_o gratuitous_a and_o arbitrary_a in_o prejudice_n of_o such_o provision_n for_o though_o by_o such_o provision_n when_o fulfil_v he_o himself_o must_v become_v fire_n and_o so_o may_v dispone_v yet_o he_o be_v also_o debtor_n and_o so_o can_v effectual_o dispone_v against_o the_o import_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o provision_n and_o therefore_o a_o father_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n have_v provide_v certain_a tenement_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o future_a spouse_n in_o conjunct-fee_n and_o to_o the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o wife_n have_v restrict_v herself_o to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o
serve_v without_o delay_n otherways_o they_o can_v never_o be_v serve_v there_o be_v ever_o possibility_n of_o the_o issue_n of_o men._n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enter_v before_o the_o superveniency_n even_o though_o but_o in_o the_o womb_n the_o same_o will_v take_v place_n but_o if_o the_o ascendent_n be_v actual_o enter_v the_o law_n afford_v no_o remedy_n reversion_n or_o restitution_n neither_o can_v this_o difficulty_n be_v a_o reason_n against_o the_o succcession_n ofascendents_n because_o the_o question_n be_v only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o own_o child_n and_o nothing_o operat_o in_o favour_n of_o their_o brother_n and_o sister_n or_o their_o descendants_n as_o to_o the_o other_o case_n in_o the_o instance_n propose_v it_o seem_v the_o succeession_n ought_v to_o have_v depend_v till_o the_o event_n of_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o marion_n weir_n first_o because_o that_o have_v a_o determine_a time_n by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o fift_v or_o fifty_o two_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n the_o issue_n of_o woman_n be_v repute_v extinct_a which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o men._n second_o in_o tailzy_n upon_o contract_n and_o for_o onerous_a cause_n respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o meaning_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o party_n contracter_n and_o in_o dubio_fw-la pars_fw-la mitior_fw-la est_fw-la sequenda_fw-la and_o that_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v embrace_v by_o which_o the_o provision_n can_v have_v some_o effect_n and_o not_o that_o by_o which_o they_o can_v have_v none_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o it_o be_v blackwood_n meaning_n that_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o own_o natural_a daughter_n shall_v be_v substitute_n in_o the_o second_o member_n to_o the_o heir_n betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o she_o and_o that_o while_o these_o be_v possibe_v his_o heir_n shall_v have_v no_o place_n otherways_o the_o second_o membet_n have_v be_v elusory_a for_o if_o by_o saill_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o major_a with_o the_o say_v marion_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v major_n decease_n marions_fw-fr heir_n by_o another_o lawful_a husband_n shall_v take_v place_n her_o other_o heir_n can_v never_o take_v place_n for_o she_o can_v not_o have_v another_o lawful_a husband_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o major_n her_o first_o husband_n death_n yet_o the_o reason_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v no_o less_o pregnant_a and_o that_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o heir_n ascendent_a the_o heir_n near_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feer_n death_n shall_v have_v right_n immediate_o to_o succeed_v because_o the_o fee_n necessary_o must_v belong_v to_o some_o person_n and_o it_o can_v hang_v in_o the_o air_n on_o a_o future_a possibility_n which_o be_v a_o principle_n whereof_o mention_n and_o use_n have_v be_v make_v frequent_o before_o second_o if_o that_o be_v the_o meaning_n then_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o major_n death_n the_o land_n be_v true_o nullius_fw-la and_o so_o as_o caduciary_n behove_v to_o shall_v to_o the_o king_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o express_v that_o no_o place_n shall_v be_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o major_n other_o heir_n till_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o heir_n of_o marion_n weir_n the_o defficulty_n seem_v the_o same_o that_o the_o fee_n shall_v be_v pendent_a and_o nullius_fw-la it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o even_o in_o that_o other_o case_n the_o major_n other_o heir_n will_v succeed_v notwithstanding_o that_o provision_n which_o do_v but_o resolve_v in_o apersonalobligation_n to_o those_o heir_n to_o forebear_v yet_o they_o be_v heir_n and_o if_o contrary_a the_o provision_n they_o shall_v enter_v it_o will_v give_v interest_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o marion_n weir_n to_o compel_v the_o major_n heir_n have_v enter_v to_o denude_v themselves_o in_o their_o favour_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o this_o case_n and_o as_o to_o the_o reason_n upon_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o may_v seem_v blackwood_n interest_n that_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o natural_a daughter_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o non_o fuit_fw-la habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la to_o make_v the_o fee_fw-mi pendent_n and_o nullius_fw-la but_o to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n otherways_o the_o second_o member_n behove_v to_o be_v elusory_a it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o elusory_a because_o the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o hope_a case_n be_v that_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v heir_n betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o marion_n who_o if_o they_o have_v die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n will_v have_v fall_v to_o marion_n heir_n by_o another_o lawful_a husband_n and_o not_o to_o the_o major_n other_o heir_n so_o that_o the_o case_n which_o fall_v out_o that_o there_o be_v no_o child_n procreate_v betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o marion_n be_v not_o fear_v and_o so_o not_o provide_v for_o as_o it_o ofttimes_o fare_v in_o such_o case_n therefore_o we_o conceive_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o in_o all_o case_n that_o person_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o defunct_n death_n be_v in_o be_v bear_v or_o unborn_a may_v be_v heir_n and_o immediate_o enter_v so_o soon_o as_o by_o the_o birth_n it_o appear_v who_o may_v be_v serve_v there_o have_v a_o late_a case_n occur_v and_o be_v determine_v on_o that_o occasion_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o leven_n tailzy_v his_o estate_n and_o dignity_n to_o the_o heir_n male_a of_o his_o body_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o elder_a heir_n female_a without_o division_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n melvil_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o earl_n of_o levens_n sister_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o weemes_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o mother_n leven_n leave_v three_o daughter_n after_o he_o who_o die_v all_o un-entered_n rothess_n have_v no_o second_o son_n david_n melvil_n second_o son_n to_o the_o lord_n melvil_n take_v a_o brieve_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o serve_v himself_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o leven_n the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n take_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o nonentry_n in_o the_o name_n of_o sr._n william_n bruce_n who_o raise_v a_o advocation_n of_o the_o brieve_n with_o a_o declarator_n that_o while_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n body_n david_n melvil_n nor_o no_o son_n of_o a_o subsequent_a branch_n can_v be_v enter_v or_o declare_v that_o the_o land_n be_v in_o nonentrie_n both_o member_n of_o the_o say_a declarator_n the_o lord_n do_v sustain_v and_o stop_v the_o service_n albeit_o many_o inconvenience_n be_v represent_v thence_o arise_v as_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o active_a title_n for_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o family_n or_o for_o receive_v vassal_n nor_o any_o access_n to_o the_o estate_n passiuè_fw-fr by_o creditor_n but_o the_o lord_n do_v reserve_v to_o the_o special_a declarator_n how_o far_o the_o nonentry_n will_v reach_v whether_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n only_o or_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o many_o of_o the_o lordswerc_n of_o opinion_n that_o david_n melvil_n shall_v enter_v as_o heir_n of_o tilzie_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o chancellor_n have_v a_o second_o son_n he_o or_o his_o issue_n will_v succeed_v as_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n melvil_n and_o neither_o his_o own_o heir_n of_o line_n nor_o the_o earl_n of_o weemes_n second_n son_n because_o at_o the_o time_n of_o david_n melvil_n death_n the_o chancellor_n second_o son_n will_v be_v a_o near_a heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n than_o his_o own_o son_n as_o be_v of_o a_o prior_n branch_n of_o the_o tailzie_n feb._n 22._o 1677._o sr._n william_n bruce_n contra_fw-la david_n melvil_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o nonentrie_n by_o the_o special_a declarator_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o only_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n see_v the_o apparent_a heir_n be_v neither_o in_o culpa_fw-la nor_o mora_fw-la which_o do_v only_o infer_v the_o full_a duty_n and_o therefore_o find_v the_o donatar_n have_v right_a to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n and_o that_o the_o remainder_n continue_v in_o haereditate_fw-la jacente_fw-la to_o be_v manage_v by_o the_o lord_n malvil_n as_o curator_n datus_fw-la bonis_fw-la of_o the_o estate_n of_o leven_n by_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o that_o estate_n as_o a_o tutor_n or_o as_o if_o a_o heir_n have_v be_v enter_v july_n 24._o 1677._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 51._o it_o come_v ofttimes_o to_o pass_v that_o through_o the_o unclear_a conception_n of_o clause_n of_o provision_n it_o become_v dubious_a who_o be_v thereby_o constitut_o foot_n and_o who_o liferenter_fw-la as_o be_v ordinary_a when_o sum_n of_o
infeftment_n or_o by_o a_o tack_v to_o the_o apparent_a heir_n husband_n though_o expire_v before_o the_o defunct_n death_n as_o be_v continue_v per_fw-la tacitam_fw-la 〈◊〉_d january_n 16._o 1667._o reid_n contra_fw-la salmond_n behave_v as_o heir_n be_v infer_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n enter_v in_o possession_n of_o a_o coal-heugh_a whereof_o the_o defunct_a have_v tack_n for_o term_n to_o run_v albeit_o the_o apparent_a heir_n take_v a_o new_a tack_v june_n 26._o 1610._o atchison_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o cockpen_n the_o like_a though_o the_o apparent_a heir_n take_v a_o gist_n of_o the_o defunct_n escheat_n who_o have_v a_o unexpired_a tack_v of_o the_o land_n and_o pretend_v to_o possess_v as_o donatar_n to_o the_o single_a escheat_n june_n 28._o 1610._o crawford_n contra_fw-la cockpen_n 15._o behave_v as_o heir_n be_v also_o infer_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n give_v a_o receipt_n of_o the_o defunct_n charter_n chest_n and_o keep_v it_o two_o year_n without_o protestation_n or_o inventary_a june_n 28._o 1670._o ellis_n of_o southside_n contra_fw-la carse_n 16._o behave_v as_o heir_n will_v also_o be_v infer_v by_o uplift_v or_o discharge_v sum_n principal_a or_o annual_a which_o will_v befall_v to_o the_o party_n heir_n or_o by_o do_v any_o deed_n that_o may_v transmit_v the_o defunct_n right_a but_o it_o be_v not_o find_v infer_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n renounce_v to_o be_v heir_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n male_a to_o who_o their_o father_n have_v dispone_v see_v they_o give_v no_o right_a thereby_o hurtful_a to_o creditor_n though_o they_o get_v a_o sum_n for_o their_o kindness_n and_o willing_a renounciation_n july_n 5._o 1666._o laurence_n scot_n contra_fw-la heir_n of_o auchinleck_n neither_o by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n get_v benefit_n by_o a_o transaction_n with_o a_o party_n have_v right_o from_o the_o defunct_a grant_v on_o deathbed_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o acquire_v the_o defunct_n debt_n and_o apprise_n thereon_o and_o to_o communicate_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o apprise_n unless_o a_o deed_n have_v be_v do_v communicate_v any_o right_n of_o the_o defunct_a july_n 19_o 1666._o margaret_n nevoy_n contra_fw-la lord_n balmerino_n but_o behaviour_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n take_v out_o of_o brieve_n see_v the_o same_o be_v not_o serve_v june_n 28._o 1670._o ellis_n of_o southside_n contra_fw-la carse_n neither_o be_v it_o infer_v by_o propon_a payment_n of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n and_o succumb_a which_o be_v only_o effectual_a as_o to_o that_o process_n july_n 16._o 1629._o murray_n contra_fw-la ross._n january_n 21._o 1675._o james_n tailzifer_fw-la contra_fw-la john_n corsan_fw-la neither_o be_v it_o infer_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n voluntary_a payment_n of_o their_o predecessor_n debt_n january_n 26._o 1628._o commissar_n of_o dunkel_n contra_fw-la abercromby_n 17._o there_o be_v the_o same_o ground_n for_o exclude_v this_o passive_a title_n unless_o it_o be_v establish_v against_o the_o apparent_a heir_n in_o his_o own_o life_n as_o to_o exclude_v vicious_a intromission_n which_o have_v frequent_o be_v repel_v when_o not_o establish_v in_o the_o intrometter_n life_n 18._o it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v whether_o behave_v as_o heir_n be_v a_o vicious_a passive_a title_n will_v import_v more_o than_o if_o the_o apparent_a heir_n have_v be_v actual_o enter_v which_o may_v occur_v in_o two_o case_n first_o where_o heirs-portioners_a behave_v themselves_o as_o heir_n whether_o they_o will_v be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la or_o only_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la 2._o whether_o those_o who_o behave_v themselves_o as_o heir_n will_v have_v the_o same_o benefit_n of_o the_o order_n of_o discuss_v and_o relief_n as_o if_o they_o be_v actual_o enter_v as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n the_o behaviour_n of_o heirs-portioners_a can_v oblige_v they_o in_o solidum_fw-la but_o in_o so_o far_o only_o as_o if_o they_o be_v actual_o enter_v heir_n which_o be_v always_o pro_fw-la rata_fw-la parte_fw-la according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o heirs-portioners_a non_fw-la per_fw-la capita_fw-la sed_fw-la per_fw-la stirpes_fw-la but_o as_o it_o have_v be_v yet_o undetermined_a whether_o heirs-portioners_a may_v be_v liable_a for_o more_o than_o their_o share_n of_o the_o debt_n not_o exceed_v their_o share_n of_o the_o benefit_n to_o which_o they_o have_v succeed_v there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o if_o heirs-portioners_a behave_v as_o heir_n they_o will_v be_v make_v liable_a quoad_fw-la valorem_fw-la of_o their_o intromission_n if_o it_o do_v exceed_v their_o share_n as_o to_o the_o other_o case_n behave_v as_o heir_n be_v a_o vicious_a passive_a title_n they_o will_v not_o have_v the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o discuss_v which_o be_v only_o competent_a to_o heir_n lawful_o enter_v yea_o they_o will_v not_o have_v relief_n from_o the_o heir_n who_o be_v liable_a before_o they_o because_o they_o have_v in_o their_o person_n no_o active_a title_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la to_o ordain_v the_o creditor_n on_o satisfaction_n to_o assign_v his_o right_n by_o which_o the_o heir_n behave_v may_v indirect_o attain_v relief_n as_o assigny_n by_o the_o creditor_n this_o favour_n will_v not_o be_v refuse_v unless_o the_o manner_n of_o behaviour_n be_v very_o odious_a as_o when_o it_o be_v fraudulent_a by_o conceal_v the_o immixtion_n or_o that_o the_o creditor_n himself_o have_v a_o other_o interest_n may_v be_v prejudge_v by_o his_o assignation_n and_o therefore_o heir_n behave_v if_o distress_v for_o movable_a debt_n they_o have_v no_o direct_a recourse_n against_o executor_n and_o if_o the_o executory_a be_v mean_a so_o that_o there_o be_v small_a provision_n for_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n the_o creditor_n will_v not_o be_v ordain_v to_o assign_v and_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o in_o other_o case_n the_o same_o reason_n may_v occur_v where_o heir_n of_o conquest_n or_o heir_n male_a of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n behave_v if_o the_o prior_n heir_n who_o be_v near_a of_o blood_n have_v little_a benefit_n and_o provision_n title_n xxix_o lucrative_a successor_n 1._o the_o rise_n of_o this_o passive_a title_n 2._o it_o takès_fw-fr place_n though_o the_o disposition_n bear_v cause_n onerous_a 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v otherwise_o instruct_v 3._o it_o be_v extend_v to_o disposition_n in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n in_o some_o case_n 4._o lucrative_a disposition_n of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o heritage_n infer_v this_o passive_a title_n 5._o this_o title_n be_v extend_v to_o disposition_n make_v to_o oyes_o though_o then_o not_o immediate_a apparent_a heir_n but_o not_o to_o brother_n though_o none_o then_o near_a 6._o whether_o it_o suffice_v to_o infer_v this_o title_n that_o the_o infeftment_n be_v after_o the_o debt_n or_o if_o the_o disposition_n whereon_o the_o infeftment_n proceed_v must_v also_o be_v after_o 7._o case_n in_o which_o this_o title_n take_v no_o place_n there_o be_v no_o nation_n have_v be_v more_o favourable_a to_o creditor_n or_o more_o studious_a of_o their_o satisfaction_n than_o this_o which_o have_v anticipate_v all_o conveyance_n device_n and_o fraud_n prejudicial_a to_o creditor_n either_o in_o favour_n of_o singular_a successor_n by_o simulate_v assignation_n or_o disposition_n without_o equivalent_a onerous_a cause_n or_o in_o favour_n of_o apparent_a heir_n that_o they_o may_v in_o no_o way_n enjoy_v their_o predecessor_n 〈◊〉_d without_o satisfy_v their_o debt_n which_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o this_o passive_a title_n whereby_o apparent_a heir_n accept_v disposition_n from_o their_o predecessor_n of_o their_o heretage_n wherein_o they_o will_v have_v succeed_v or_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v make_v liable_a to_o all_o their_o predecessor_n debt_n contract_v before_o such_o disposition_n or_o right_n and_o the_o acceptance_n thereof_o be_v account_v praeceptio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la and_o as_o a_o immixtion_n with_o the_o inheritance_n make_v the_o apparent_a heir_n to_o represent_v the_o defunct_a passiuè_fw-fr yet_o with_o this_o temperament_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v liable_a only_o to_o the_o debt_n contract_v before_o the_o disposition_n or_o right_o make_v to_o he_o by_o the_o defunct_a in_o which_o right_o he_o may_v have_v succeed_v wherein_o apparent_a heir_n be_v most_o expedient_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o singular_a successor_n without_o onerous_a cause_n that_o these_o be_v not_o ordinary_o personal_o liable_a except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o have_v dispose_v of_o such_o right_n as_o be_v fraudulent_o dispone_v to_o they_o in_o trust_n and_o in_o which_o they_o be_v interpose_v person_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o disponer_n or_o his_o child_n but_o these_o right_n be_v always_o reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o anterior_a creditor_n but_o because_o such_o fraud_n be_v more_o incident_a to_o apparent_a heir_n therefore_o these_o be_v personal_o liable_a for_o the_o whole_a anterior_a debt_n and_o the_o right_o grant_v by_o they_o may_v also_o be_v reduce_v upon_o the_o statute_n 1621._o yet_o the_o personal_a obligement_n
will_v succeed_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n and_o so_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v immediate_a apparent_a heir_n pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la for_o so_o a_o disposition_n by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o or_o to_o a_o brother_n son_n the_o disponer_n for_o the_o time_n have_v no_o child_n will_v not_o infer_v this_o title_n november_n 22._o 1662._o laurence_n scot_n contra_fw-la david_n beswell_n of_o auchinleck_n nephew_n to_o umwhile_o auchinleck_n december_n 22._o 1674._o heir_n of_o seatoun_n of_o blair_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n seatoun_n the_o like_a though_o the_o disponer_n be_v a_o old_a man_n the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n and_o have_v little_a hope_n of_o issue_n december_n 17._o 1632._o lady_n spenserfield_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kilbrachmont_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o brother_n or_o brother_n son_n be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n while_o the_o brother_n child_n be_v in_o spe_fw-mi and_o therefore_o such_o be_v never_o call_v apparent_a heir_n neither_o be_v the_o presumption_n in_o they_o that_o the_o defunct_a will_v in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n adventure_v simple_o to_o dispone_v to_o such_o while_o he_o have_v hope_n of_o issue_n but_o all_o this_o hold_v in_o oyes_o and_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v january_n 29._o 1639._o lady_n smeatoun_n contra_fw-la richardson_n of_o smeatoun_n where_o a_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o good_a fire_n to_o the_o oye_n reserve_v his_o son_n be_v liferent_a and_o in_o the_o like_a case_n the_o father_n who_o be_v but_o liferenter_fw-la and_o his_o oye_a foot_n by_o the_o grandfather_n disposition_n be_v find_v lucrative_a successor_n february_n 23._o 1637._o lightoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kinaber_n but_o this_o decision_n be_v stop_v to_o be_v further_o hear_v 6._o but_o here_o occur_v the_o question_n if_o the_o disposition_n be_v anterior_a to_o the_o debt_n contract_v but_o the_o infeftment_n posterior_n to_o the_o say_a debt_n quid_fw-la juris_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o doubt_n be_v that_o though_o the_o defender_n have_v a_o prior_n disposition_n yet_o by_o the_o infeftment_n only_o he_o be_v successor_n see_v land_n pass_v not_o by_o disposition_n but_o by_o infeftment_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v clear_o successor_n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la and_o also_o ex_fw-la causa_fw-la lucrativa_fw-la 2._o if_o this_o be_v not_o the_o meaning_n the_o intent_n of_o the_o law_n will_v be_v frustrate_a for_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v disposition_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o up_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o contract_v debt_n when_o the_o creditor_n can_v not_o know_v the_o debitor_n condition_n and_o so_o contract_v bonafide_fw-la this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o like_a case_n be_v former_o decide_v negatiuè_n that_o the_o infeftment_n though_o posterior_n to_o the_o debt_n do_v not_o infer_v this_o title_n be_v upon_o a_o disposition_n anterior_a to_o the_o debt_n february_n 23._o 1637._o lightoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kinaber_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o there_o be_v a_o obligement_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o dispone_v land_n prior_n to_o the_o debt_n contract_v albeit_o both_o the_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n be_v posterior_n to_o the_o debt_n and_o do_v not_o bear_v express_o in_o implement_n of_o the_o contract_n which_o be_v presume_v see_v no_o other_o cause_o be_v show_v july_n 27._o 1678._o thomas_n ferguson_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n of_o wauchope_n for_o answer_v to_o the_o contrary_a reason_n the_o first_o be_v upon_o misapplication_n of_o the_o word_n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o successor_n thus_o successor_n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la ex_fw-la causa_fw-la lucrativa_fw-la but_o successor_n ex_fw-la titulo_fw-la lucrativo_fw-la qui_fw-la titulus_fw-la est_fw-la post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la so_o that_o if_o the_o lucrative_a title_n be_v not_o after_o the_o debt_n this_o title_n take_v no_o place_n as_o to_o the_o other_o reason_n the_o same_o inconveniency_n will_v be_v of_o disposition_n to_o stranger_n which_o be_v keep_v up_o creditor_n may_v contract_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o yet_o inhibition_n before_o infeftment_n will_v not_o be_v effectual_a unless_o it_o precede_v the_o infeftment_n and_o the_o disposition_n which_o will_v also_o be_v effectual_a against_o the_o apparent_a heir_n but_o if_o there_o be_v fraud_n in_o keep_v up_o such_o disposition_n which_o will_v be_v easy_o presume_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o apparent_a heir_n than_o a_o stranger_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a upon_o the_o common_a reason_n of_o fraud_n to_o reduce_v the_o infeftment_n though_o the_o general_a passive_a title_n be_v not_o infer_v the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o there_o be_v a_o obligement_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o dispone_v land_n prior_n to_o the_o debt_n contract_v albeit_o both_o the_o disposition_n and_o infeftment_n be_v posterior_n to_o the_o debt_n and_o do_v not_o bear_v express_o in_o implement_n of_o the_o contract_n which_o be_v presume_v see_v no_o other_o cause_o be_v show_v july_n 23._o 1678._o thomas_n ferguson_n contra_fw-la lindsay_n of_o wauchope_n and_o lucrative_a successor_n be_v not_o find_v infer_v by_o the_o infeftment_n of_o a_o father_n to_o his_o apparent_a heir_n after_o the_o debt_n contract_v see_v there_o be_v a_o anterior_a obligement_n in_o the_o apparent_a heir_n contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o grant_v the_o infeftment_n and_o inhibition_n thereupon_o nicol._n de_fw-fr haereditariis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la march_n 31._o 1626._o ker_n contra_fw-la sterling_n 7._o this_o title_n can_v take_v no_o place_n first_o where_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o right_n be_v grant_v be_v not_o alioqui_fw-la successurus_fw-la in_o that_o same_o right_n because_o it_o can_v be_v praeceptio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o haereditas_fw-la and_o so_o a_o disposition_n to_o a_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n of_o land_n not_o provide_v to_o that_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n can_v infer_v this_o title_n though_o it_o may_v be_v reducible_a as_o without_o a_o cause_n onerous_a neither_o will_v a_o disposition_n of_o tailzy_v land_n to_o a_o heir_n of_o line_n infer_v this_o title_n for_o in_o that_o case_n it_o can_v be_v praeceptio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la albeit_o the_o disposition_n will_v be_v reducible_a as_o without_o a_o cause_n onerous_a but_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n that_o right_n acquire_v original_o by_o predecessor_n in_o name_n of_o their_o apparent_a heir_n can_v infer_v this_o title_n because_o the_o predecessor_n himself_o never_o be_v foot_n in_o that_o right_n the_o apparent_a heir_n can_v not_o be_v his_o heir_n therein_o neither_o can_v such_o right_n be_v reducible_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o because_o the_o fall_n thereof_o will_v not_o make_v the_o fee_fw-mi return_n to_o thepredecessor_n who_o never_o have_v it_o but_o the_o same_o can_v only_o be_v reach_v by_o a_o declarator_n that_o it_o be_v acquire_v by_o that_o predecessor_n mean_n after_o the_o debt_n contract_v and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o be_v affectable_a as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o debtor_n or_o his_o heir_n which_o have_v frequent_o be_v find_v relevant_a title_n xxx_o executorie_a where_o of_o testament_n codicill_n legacy_n relict_n part_n bairn_n part_n dead_a be_v part_n confirmation_n and_o office_n of_o executorie_a 1._o the_o roman_n carfeulnesse_n to_o preserve_v the_o freedom_n of_o test_v 2._o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o test_v among_o the_o roman_n 3._o the_o modern_a form_n of_o roman_a solemn_a testament_n 4._o their_o nuncupative_a testament_n 5._o their_o military_a testament_n 6._o requisit_n for_o roman_a testament_n 7._o how_o far_o son_n in_o familia_fw-la can_v test._n 8._o person_n who_o can_v not_o test._n 9_o person_n who_o can_v not_o be_v institute_n or_o substitute_n 10._o restriction_n of_o the_o freedom_n of_o test_v in_o favour_n of_o child_n 11._o the_o legittimes_o ofchildren_n 12._o the_o falcidian_a portion_n 13._o the_o difference_n of_o the_o legittime_n and_o falcidian_n 14._o the_o trebellianica_n 15._o fidiecomissa_fw-la 16._o codicill_n 17._o institution_n of_o heir_n 18._o substitution_n 19_o substitution_n vulgar_a and_o pupillar_n 20._o legacy_n 21._o legacy_n be_v void_a if_o the_o legatar_n die_v before_o the_o testator_n or_o if_o the_o testament_n be_v void_a unless_o there_o be_v therein_o a_o codicillar_n clause_n 22._o the_o kind_n and_o effect_n of_o conditional_a legacy_n or_o fideicommissa_fw-la 23._o special_a legacy_n 24._o condition_n adject_v to_o legacy_n in_o fideicommissa_fw-la 25._o the_o inventary_a 26._o collation_n 27._o jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la 28._o the_o power_n of_o test_v with_o we_o may_v be_v restrict_v by_o contract_n or_o portion_n 29._o it_o be_v restrict_v to_o movable_n and_o extend_v to_o no_o heritable_a right_n 30._o wherein_o the_o office_n of_o executor_n consist_v 31._o the_o near_a agnat_n be_v successor_n in_o movable_n to_o the_o
legacy_n or_o fideicommiss_n may_v be_v general_a whereby_o a_o quantity_n be_v leave_v or_o special_a whereby_o a_o individual_a body_n be_v leave_v as_o such_o a_o horse_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v they_o either_o be_v leave_v pure_o or_o conditional_o or_o to_o a_o day_n 21._o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o legacy_n that_o if_o the_o legatar_n die_v before_o the_o testator_n the_o legacy_n become_v void_a and_o be_v not_o transmit_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o the_o legatar_n neither_o do_v the_o legacy_n belong_v to_o the_o legatar_a ordinary_o if_o the_o testament_n wherein_o it_o be_v leave_v be_v void_a for_o want_v of_o the_o requisite_a 〈◊〉_d of_o which_o former_o unless_o it_o have_v the_o codicillar_n clause_n or_o if_o the_o heir_n do_v not_o enter_v or_o if_o the_o codicill_n in_o which_o it_o be_v leave_v or_o if_o the_o testament_n have_v the_o codicillar_n clause_n want_v the_o solemnity_n requisite_a to_o codicill_n 22._o if_o the_o legacy_n or_o fideicommiss_n be_v conditional_a the_o legatar_a die_v before_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o condition_n lose_v the_o legacy_n and_o do_v not_o transmit_v it_o to_o his_o heir_n if_o it_o be_v a_o casual_a condition_n but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o potestative_a condition_n depend_v upon_o the_o power_n of_o the_o legatar_n and_o not_o upon_o accident_n without_o his_o power_n or_o if_o left_a to_o a_o uncertain_a day_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o a_o casual_a condition_n if_o so_o the_o condition_n be_v in_o the_o legatar_n power_n unless_o he_o do_v all_o diligence_n to_o satisfy_v the_o same_o he_o lose_v the_o legacy_n but_o if_o the_o condition_n fail_v not_o through_o his_o fault_n as_o be_v offer_v and_o not_o accept_v or_o be_v impede_v by_o any_o three_o party_n the_o legacy_n be_v thereby_o transmit_v to_o the_o legatar_n heir_n who_o be_v only_o liable_a for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o condition_n legacy_n pure_a or_o to_o a_o certain_a day_n be_v transmit_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n especial_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v enter_v though_o the_o day_n be_v not_o come_v quia_fw-la cessit_fw-la dies_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la venit_fw-la 23._o in_o the_o several_a case_n by_o which_o legacy_n be_v establish_v and_o transmissible_a the_o property_n thereof_o be_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o legatar_n if_o it_o be_v a_o special_a legacy_n but_o the_o possession_n thereof_o remain_v in_o the_o heir_n against_o who_o the_o legatar_n have_v not_o only_o a_o personal_a action_n for_o payment_n or_o delivery_n of_o the_o legacy_n but_o have_v also_o a_o real_a action_n of_o vendication_n against_o he_o and_o all_o other_o haver_n thereof_o for_o delivety_n of_o the_o same_o so_o fideicommiss_v which_o be_v not_o conditional_a be_v not_o alienable_a by_o the_o heir_n but_o be_v recoverable_a from_o every_o singular_a successor_n 24._o condition_n adject_v to_o legacy_n or_o fideicommiss_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o which_o short_o observe_v 1._o that_o when_o condition_n be_v copulative_a they_o must_v all_o be_v joint_o perform_v or_o when_o diverse_a condition_n be_v several_o set_v down_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o testament_n but_o if_o they_o be_v disjunctive_a the_o 〈◊〉_d formance_n of_o any_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a 2._o if_o the_o condition_n be_v divisible_a and_o performable_a by_o more_o person_n each_o perform_v his_o part_n have_v access_n to_o his_o legacy_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o one_o person_n the_o performance_n of_o a_o part_n thereof_o do_v not_o give_v access_n to_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o legacy_n but_o the_o condition_n must_v be_v whole_o perform_v otherways_o there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o legacy_n due_a 3._o condition_n impossible_a in_o facto_fw-la as_o not_o be_v lawful_a regular_o be_v void_a and_o as_o not_o adject_v among_o which_o that_o be_v account_v one_o if_o marriage_n be_v absolute_o prohibit_v which_o the_o authentick_v restrict_v only_o to_o maid_n and_o find_v it_o lawful_a in_o the_o case_n of_o widow_n to_o adject_v such_o a_o condition_n si_fw-la titionubat_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o legater_n marry_v not_o to_o that_o person_n the_o legacy_n be_v not_o due_a in_o legacy_n and_o fideicommissis_fw-la a_o false_a narrative_n vitiat_v not_o as_o when_o the_o efficient_a cause_n mention_v therein_o be_v not_o true_a for_o example_n if_o a_o legacy_n be_v leave_v bear_v to_o have_v be_v for_o service_n do_v general_o or_o particular_o albeit_o these_o be_v not_o do_v it_o be_v valid_a but_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n imply_v a_o condition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o perform_v the_o legacy_n cease_v causâ_fw-la non_fw-la sequntâ_fw-la as_o when_o legacy_n be_v leave_v for_o such_o use_v service_n or_o deed_n to_o be_v do_v legacy_n be_v gratuitous_a be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o donation_n and_o therefore_o be_v revoke_v by_o ingratitude_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la not_o only_o in_o reach_v the_o defunct_a as_o if_o inimity_n rise_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o legatar_n but_o even_o after_o his_o death_n as_o if_o he_o curse_v he_o or_o endeavour_v to_o make_v he_o infamous_a yea_o those_o thing_n against_o the_o heir_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o legacy_n so_o much_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o summary_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o testament_n as_o for_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o intestat_fw-mi it_o be_v one_o without_o distinction_n of_o heritable_a and_o movable_a right_n we_o have_v speak_v thereof_o before_o title_n succession_n we_o shall_v therefore_o only_o touch_v on_o those_o point_n which_o be_v common_a in_o all_o succession_n by_o the_o roman_a law_n viz._n of_o the_o inventary_a collation_n of_o good_n and_o right_o of_o accrescence_n 25._o the_o inventary_a of_o heretage_n be_v a_o repertory_n of_o every_o particular_a contain_v therein_o and_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n l._n si_fw-la dotis_fw-la nomine_fw-la 33._o ff_n soluto_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la by_o which_o there_o be_v neither_o a_o duty_n nor_o benefit_n to_o the_o heir_n by_o a_o inventary_a but_o the_o use_n thereof_o be_v introduce_v by_o justinian_n in_o favour_n main_o of_o heir_n and_o in_o some_o case_n of_o creditor_n and_o legatar_n of_o heir_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o defunct_n debt_n in_o solidum_fw-la but_o secundim_v vires_fw-la inventarij_fw-la according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o much_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o creditor_n and_o legatar_n that_o the_o inheritance_n may_v not_o be_v imbesle_v and_o therefore_o the_o make_n of_o the_o inventary_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n before_o a_o judge_n upon_o citation_n of_o the_o creditor_n and_o legatar_n so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v certain_a and_o public_a proclamation_n for_o the_o rest_n and_o before_o famous_a witness_n and_o in_o place_n of_o the_o absent_a legatar_n and_o creditor_n three_o person_n be_v to_o be_v present_a beside_o the_o witness_n of_o good_a fame_n and_o mean_n the_o inventary_n behove_v to_o be_v make_v within_o 30_o day_n after_o the_o heir_n know_v and_o can_v enter_v to_o the_o heretage_n and_o behove_v to_o be_v complete_a within_o 60._o day_n after_o the_o beginning_n thereof_o the_o inventary_a not_o be_v thus_o make_v the_o heir_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o creditor_n for_o their_o whole_a debt_n and_o to_o the_o legatar_n for_o their_o legacy_n without_o deduction_n of_o his_o falcidia_n neither_o can_v the_o testator_n dispense_v with_o or_o prohibit_v the_o make_n of_o the_o inventary_a in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o creditor_n but_o he_o may_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o legatar_n so_o as_o the_o falcidia_n will_v be_v due_a in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o inventary_n be_v not_o make_v 26._o collation_n be_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o near_a heir_n descend_v to_o communicate_v what_o the_o defunct_a parent_n bestow_v upon_o they_o by_o donation_n or_o tocher_n unto_o the_o inheritance_n that_o a_o equal_a proportion_n or_o division_n may_v be_v of_o the_o whole_a among_o the_o coheir_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o collation_n be_v the_o equality_n of_o interest_n and_o affection_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n of_o the_o same_o degree_n and_o thence_o their_o presume_a will_n that_o these_o shall_v enjoy_v equal_a benefit_n by_o their_o parent_n and_o therefore_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o parent_n will_v collation_n have_v no_o place_n as_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v bestow_v with_o express_a exemption_n ot_fw-mi prohibition_n of_o collation_n or_o if_o it_o be_v leave_v as_o a_o legacy_n or_o donation_n mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la for_o thereby_o the_o parent_n purpose_v appear_v to_o prefer_v that_o child_n to_o the_o rest_n even_o after_o the_o parent_n death_n collation_n be_v competent_a among_o no_o other_o heir_n than_o descendants_n in_o the_o
and_o tobacco_n in_o the_o american_n island_n for_o money_n be_v the_o common_a token_n of_o exchange_n and_o therefore_o have_v virtual_o in_o it_o all_o thing_n they_o be_v account_v better_a or_o worse_o or_o equal_a according_a to_o the_o common_a rate_n of_o the_o place_n as_o they_o be_v worth_a in_o money_n for_o the_o time_n the_o prime_a ground_n of_o this_o common_a estimate_n be_v necessity_n utility_n and_o delectation_n whether_o it_o be_v real_a or_o imaginary_a as_o plin._n lib._n 9_o cap._n 55._o margaritis_fw-la pretium_fw-la luxuria_fw-la fecit_fw-la such_o be_v the_o value_n of_o portrait_n tulip_n or_o other_o flower_n upon_o which_o in_o some_o place_n a_o far_o great_a rate_n have_v be_v put_v than_o any_o usefulness_n thereof_o will_v allow_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o rate_n of_o thing_n do_v frequent_o change_v as_o the_o necessity_n or_o esteem_n of_o they_o change_v and_o the_o more_o they_o abound_v the_o easy_a be_v their_o rate_n but_o the_o question_n be_v here_o whether_o in_o these_o contract_v there_o be_v a_o moral_a necessity_n to_o keep_v a_o exact_a equality_n that_o whosoever_o ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v make_v a_o unequal_a bargain_n the_o advantager_n ought_v to_o repair_v the_o loser_n in_o this_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o notice_n every_o inequality_n but_o that_o which_o be_v enorm_a above_o the_o half_a of_o the_o just_a value_n which_o our_o custom_n allow_v not_o june_n 23._o 1669._o robert_n fairy_n contra_fw-la james_n inglis_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la l._n 2._o cap._n 12._o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a upon_o this_o ground_n chief_o that_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o contracter_n be_v to_o give_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o other_o of_o equal_a value_n without_o purpose_n to_o gift_n on_o either_o hand_n yet_o the_o contrair_a opinion_n be_v more_o probable_a in_o some_o case_n wherein_o though_o it_o be_v the_o purpose_n of_o the_o party_n to_o interchange_v thing_n of_o equal_a value_n without_o donation_n yet_o that_o equality_n have_v no_o determinate_a or_o certain_a rule_n but_o their_o own_o opinion_n for_o as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o special_a affection_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o owner_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o his_o interest_n and_o enjoyment_n and_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v take_v from_o he_o unwarrantable_o and_o can_v be_v restore_v the_o reparation_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o common_a rate_n but_o secundum_fw-la pretium_fw-la affectionis_fw-la according_a to_o the_o value_n the_o owner_n have_v of_o it_o and_o if_o that_o owner_n sell_v it_o for_o the_o rate_n he_o think_v it_o worth_a it_o will_v be_v think_v no_o less_o than_o cozenage_n for_o the_o buyer_n to_o offer_v but_o what_o other_o think_v it_o worth_a if_o then_o the_o particular_a value_n or_o esteem_v be_v the_o first_o rule_n in_o such_o contract_n when_o both_o party_n be_v free_a do_v agree_v upon_o such_o a_o rate_n there_o be_v here_o no_o donation_n but_o a_o particular_a estimation_n wherewith_o either_o aught_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v it_o be_v true_a where_o there_o be_v no_o rate_n agree_v upon_o the_o common_a rate_n must_v be_v the_o rule_n but_o it_o can_v always_o be_v a_o rule_n see_v the_o public_a rate_n do_v but_o arise_v from_o the_o private_a rate_n otherways_o rate_n shall_v never_o change_v except_o where_o by_o public_a authority_n they_o be_v determinate_a which_o be_v but_o seldom_o but_o ordinary_o the_o change_n of_o rate_n begin_v at_o particular_a person_n and_o the_o second_o contracter_n use_v for_o a_o pattern_n the_o first_o and_o the_o full_a the_o example_n be_v the_o strong_a it_o be_v until_o it_o become_v common_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v safe_a to_o conclude_v with_o the_o law_n l._n si_fw-la voluntate_fw-la c._n the_o resin_n vend_fw-mi which_o say_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v that_o the_o buyer_n have_v a_o purpose_n to_o buy_v cheap_a and_o the_o seller_n to_o sell_v dear_a they_o come_v to_o this_o contract_n and_o after_o many_o debate_n the_o seller_n by_o little_a and_o little_o diminish_v what_o he_o seek_v and_o the_o buyer_n add_v to_o what_o he_o offer_v at_o last_o they_o agree_v to_o a_o certain_a price_n or_o as_o seneca_n say_v l._n 6._o de_fw-la beneficiis_fw-la cap._n 15._o it_o be_v no_o matter_n what_o the_o rate_n be_v see_v it_o be_v agree_v between_o the_o buyer_n and_o the_o seller_n for_o he_o that_o buy_v well_o owe_v nothing_o to_o the_o seller_n therefore_o the_o equality_n require_v in_o these_o contract_n can_v be_v in_o any_o other_o rate_n then_o the_o party_n agree_v on_o but_o in_o other_o thing_n this_o equality_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o in_o any_o penalty_n adject_v or_o clause_n irritant_fw-la which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o just_a interest_n what_o ever_o the_o party_n agreement_n be_v so_o then_o see_v promise_n and_o contract_n be_v moral_o bind_v permutative_a contract_n must_v also_o be_v such_o else_o they_o shall_v not_o bind_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o consent_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o matter_n but_o in_o they_o as_o in_o all_o other_o if_o any_o party_n have_v disadvantage_n by_o fraud_n or_o guile_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v repare_v but_o not_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o from_o the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o delinquence_n and_o so_o unjust_a balance_n be_v a_o abomination_n to_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o deceit_n thence_o arise_v as_o also_o false_a money_n and_o insufficient_a ware_n by_o any_o latent_fw-la insufficiency_n or_o defect_n which_o be_v not_o obvious_a and_o easy_o perceivable_a by_o the_o acquir_a in_o which_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n his_o eye_n be_v his_o merchant_n but_o in_o other_o according_a to_o the_o sentence_n of_o ambrose_n in_o contract_n say_v he_o even_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v sell_v aught_o to_o be_v lay_v open_a and_o unless_o the_o seller_n intimate_v the_o same_o there_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o buyer_n a_o action_n of_o fraud_n so_o also_o if_o the_o buyer_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o ignorance_n and_o simplicity_n of_o the_o seller_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o alteration_n of_o the_o common_a rate_n nor_o ground_n thereof_o ask_v or_o crave_v more_o if_o it_o be_v not_o deceit_n at_o least_o it_o be_v against_o charity_n so_o be_v it_o when_o ware_n be_v keep_v up_o till_o pinch_a necessity_n which_o raise_v extreme_a dearth_n or_o when_o some_o special_a necessity_n of_o a_o acquir_a put_v he_o so_o upon_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o disponer_n that_o he_o may_v take_v a_o price_n even_o above_o that_o which_o himself_o account_v the_o thing_n worth_n in_o such_o case_n there_o be_v the_o violation_n of_o the_o natural_a obligation_n of_o charity_n whereby_o man_n be_v bind_v in_o some_o case_n to_o gift_n free_o to_o the_o necessity_n of_o other_o but_o frequent_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o exchange_v what_o our_o necessity_n may_v spare_v to_o supply_v other_o necessity_n for_o the_o like_o which_o they_o may_v spare_v and_o so_o without_o injury_n in_o case_n of_o necessity_n man_n may_v be_v compel_v to_o sell_v that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o 15._o this_o agree_v with_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o only_o a_o latent_fw-la insufficiency_n of_o the_o good_n and_o ware_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sale_n and_o delivery_n be_v sufficient_a to_o abate_v or_o take_v down_o of_o the_o price_n but_o not_o unless_o when_o the_o unsufficiency_n appear_v the_o thing_n buy_v be_v offer_v to_o be_v restore_v if_o it_o be_v not_o carry_v abroad_o before_o the_o insufficiency_n appear_v after_o which_o retention_n be_v account_v a_o acquiescence_n in_o and_o homologation_n of_o the_o contract_n so_o no_o other_o than_o the_o latent_fw-la insufficiency_n of_o wine_n as_o be_v mix_v with_o peary_n etc._n etc._n be_v relevant_a to_o liberate_v from_o a_o bond_n grant_v for_o the_o price_n thereof_o but_o the_o insufficiency_n of_o a_o horse_n be_v not_o sustain_v to_o liberate_v from_o the_o price_n he_o not_o be_v offer_v when_o that_o appear_v january_n 9_o 1629._o brown_n contra_fw-la mr._n james_n nicolson_n insufficiency_n of_o skin_n receive_v upon_o trust_n be_v find_v only_o probable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o seller_n after_o the_o buyer_n have_v sell_v they_o again_o july_n 7._o 1675._o patton_n contra_fw-la lockhart_n 16._o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o special_a contract_n this_o question_n which_o be_v of_o much_o importance_n in_o practice_n will_v be_v resolve_v whether_o in_o mutual_a or_o reciprocal_a contract_n a_o party_n contracter_n or_o his_o assignay_n can_v obtain_v implement_n of_o the_o article_n of_o the_o contract_n in_o his_o favour_n till_o he_o fulfil_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v fulfil_v the_o other_o part_n
the_o same_o rate_n and_o then_o put_v his_o couzin-german_a to_o acquire_v it_o february_n 2._o 1681._o master_n of_o balmerino_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o pourie_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o donatar_n of_o a_o liferent_a escheat_n be_v examine_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o good-brother_n have_v depone_v that_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n he_o die_v before_o he_o be_v re-examined_a his_o oath_n be_v interpret_v only_o that_o he_o have_v give_v no_o back-bond_n or_o promise_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o good-brother_n and_o therefore_o pregnant_a presumption_n of_o the_o trust_n be_v infer_v in_o that_o the_o brother_n only_o be_v concern_v in_o that_o liferent_a that_o he_o manage_v and_o be_v at_o all_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o process_n that_o the_o donatar_n successor_n never_o own_v nor_o confirm_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o gift_n february_n 11._o 1679._o forbes_n of_o balvenie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o boyn_n 46._o the_o law_n for_o utility_n of_o commerce_n do_v against_o the_o common_a rule_n foresay_v constitute_v a_o obligation_n upon_o exercitor_n by_o the_o deed_n or_o contract_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n a_o exercitor_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o profit_n of_o vessel_n or_o ship_n whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n rivers_n or_o lake_n belong_v whether_o he_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o have_v only_o hire_v the_o same_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v he_o that_o have_v the_o command_n thereof_o who_o therefore_o may_v contract_v and_o borrow_v money_n for_o reparation_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o out-rigging_a thereof_o or_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o mariner_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o voyage_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o the_o master_n contracter_n but_o the_o exercitor_n who_o constitute_v he_o be_v liable_a yea_o if_o the_o master_n substitute_v another_o master_n his_o engagement_n also_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n so_o that_o whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o contract_v with_o he_o who_o for_o the_o time_n officiat_n as_o master_n obliege_v the_o exercitor_n in_o what_o be_v borrow_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n and_o there_o seem_v no_o necessity_n of_o show_v a_o commission_n but_o the_o exerce_a of_o the_o office_n be_v sufficient_a and_o thereby_o the_o ship_n and_o out-rigging_a may_v be_v hypothecat_n and_o affect_v yea_o if_o there_o be_v many_o exercitor_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v many_o master_n the_o contract_n of_o one_o of_o they_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v they_o can_v contract_v but_o joint_o which_o must_v appear_v by_o their_o commission_n neither_o need_v he_o who_o contract_v with_o the_o master_n instruct_v that_o the_o money_n borrow_v be_v actual_o employ_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n but_o this_o much_o he_o must_v make_v appear_v that_o when_o he_o lend_v the_o money_n there_o be_v such_o need_n of_o it_o albeit_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v notice_n whether_o the_o master_n misemploy_v it_o or_o not_o because_o the_o exercitor_n shall_v have_v look_v who_o he_o trust_v if_o the_o master_n be_v constitute_v with_o power_n to_o buy_v ware_n and_o load_v the_o ship_n the_o prepositor_n be_v liable_a to_o these_o who_o contract_n with_o he_o upon_o that_o account_n but_o this_o be_v not_o presume_v upon_o act_v as_o master_n unless_o his_o commission_n appear_v and_o the_o master_n other_o contract_n oblige_v not_o the_o exercitor_n albeit_o their_o fault_n do_v by_o the_o edict_n nautae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularij_fw-la all_o which_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o title_n ff_fw-mi de_fw-fr exercitoria_fw-la actione_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o be_v general_o in_o vigour_n 47._o after_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o exercitory_a action_n the_o praetor_n by_o the_o perpetual_a edict_n do_v introduce_v the_o institory_a action_n where_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o institor_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v their_o prepositor_n be_v oblige_v as_o exercitor_n be_v as_o to_o maritime_a matter_n so_o prepositor_n be_v correspondent_a in_o traffic_n at_o land_n and_o institor_n be_v these_o who_o be_v entrust_v in_o such_o affair_n correspond_v to_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n such_o institorsare_n these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o keep_v of_o shop_n buy_v or_o sell_v of_o ware_n keep_v of_o cash_n for_o exchange_n such_o as_o be_v send_v abroad_o to_o buy_v ware_n and_o these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o labourage_n of_o any_o field_n or_o any_o other_o like_o business_n and_o it_o be_v alike_o of_o whatsoever_o sex_n or_o age_n they_o be_v though_o even_o they_o be_v pupil_n who_o can_v oblige_v themselves_o or_o minor_n who_o have_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o both_o do_v effectual_o oblige_v their_o prepositor_n and_o it_o there_o 〈◊〉_d more_o prepositor_n they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la but_o such_o obligation_n reach_v no_o further_o then_o for_o what_o be_v contract_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o affair_n wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v neither_o be_v the_o prepositor_n oblige_v if_o they_o have_v intimate_v to_o the_o party_n contracter_n not_o to_o contract_v with_o their_o institor_n but_o if_o they_o contract_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la albeit_o the_o institor_n be_v limit_n and_o prohibit_v to_o contract_n in_o such_o case_n the_o creditor_n contract_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la with_o they_o be_v secure_a all_o which_o appear_v title_n de_fw-fr instit_n actione_n ff_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la 48._o custody_n be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n depositum_fw-la or_o commendatum_fw-la to_o which_o we_o have_v no_o suitable_a term_n but_o this_o contract_n be_v most_o fit_o express_v by_o the_o duty_n and_o obligation_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o keep_v or_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v give_v in_o custody_n and_o it_o be_v here_o subjoin_v to_o mandat_fw-la because_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o for_o the_o lawyer_n do_v not_o so_o much_o notice_n the_o accuracy_n of_o logical_a division_n whereby_o no_o member_n can_v comprehend_v another_o as_o the_o usual_a term_n know_v in_o law_n and_o therefore_o handle_v mandatum_fw-la depositum_fw-la &_o pignus_fw-la several_o though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v true_o mandate_n and_o therefore_o also_o depositum_fw-la may_v be_v fit_o define_v to_o be_v a_o mandate_n or_o commission_n give_v and_o undertake_v to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v something_o belong_v to_o the_o mandator_n or_o some_o three_o party_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v before_o say_v of_o mandate_n must_v be_v here_o understand_v of_o custody_n and_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v except_o what_o be_v special_a in_o custody_n 49._o the_o civil_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o diligence_n of_o mandatar_n and_o depositar_n that_o these_o be_v liable_a only_o for_o fraud_n where_o of_o alone_a the_o praetor_n edict_n make_v mention_v l._n 1._o §_o 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la l._n 23._o ff_v de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o by_o the_o depositar_n though_o he_o loss_n the_o thing_n depositate_fw-la without_o fraud_n be_v free_a but_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la the_o gross_a fault_n quae_fw-la dolo_fw-la aequiparatur_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la nerva_fw-la 32._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o the_o diligence_n opposite_a to_o gross_a fault_n be_v excellent_o describe_v by_o such_o diligence_n as_o man_n ordinary_o do_v or_o the_o depositar_n do_v in_o his_o own_o affair_n but_o mandatar_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o light_a fault_n yet_o as_o be_v show_v before_o that_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mandate_n for_o sure_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o diligence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o as_o be_v gratuitous_a and_o at_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o constituent_a who_o therefore_o shall_v demand_v no_o more_o in_o either_o case_n but_o such_o diligence_n as_o the_o person_n entrust_v use_v or_o man_n ordinary_o do_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n unless_o it_o be_v otherways_o agree_v or_o that_o the_o depositar_n have_v procure_v the_o custody_n when_o other_o offer_v l._n 1._o §_o 35._o ff_n depositi_fw-la or_o that_o he_o have_v any_o honorary_a or_o salary_n therefore_o which_o may_v be_v consistent_a here_o or_o in_o other_o mandate_n when_o in_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v not_o a_o equivalent_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o benefit_n receive_v which_o ordinary_o be_v not_o esteemable_a as_o the_o salary_n of_o medicine_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n or_o life_n and_o cure_v any_o member_n or_o of_o judge_n or_o lawyer_n for_o the_o do_v or_o procure_v of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v a_o honorary_a and_o the_o contract_n be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o free_a or_o in_o depositation_n make_v in_o case_n of_o