as_o to_o heretage_n but_o these_o fall_v not_o proper_o under_o this_o act_n but_o under_o the_o act_n 105._o par._n 7._o ja._n 5._o and_o as_o to_o the_o husband_n movable_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o case_n viz._n campbel_n contra_fw-la campbel_n decemb._n 1674_o which_o be_v this_o campbel_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n provide_v his_o wife_n to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n that_o shall_v pertain_v to_o he_o at_o his_o death_n and_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n he_o dispone_v many_o of_o his_o movable_n to_o his_o brother_n whereupon_o the_o relict_n raise_v a_o reduction_n of_o that_o disposition_n upon_o this_o statute_n to_o which_o reason_n of_o reduction_n it_o waâ—_n answer_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o the_o relict_n be_v only_o creditrix_fw-la by_o this_o contract_n as_o to_o what_o movable_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o husband_n at_o his_o death_n which_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o spes_fw-la successionis_fw-la but_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o brother_n to_o dispon_n at_o any_o time_n in_o his_o liege_n poustie_a upon_o any_o part_n of_o his_o movable_n and_o as_o such_o clause_n provide_v a_o wife_n to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o movable_n be_v most_o ordinar_n so_o if_o this_o be_v sustain_v the_o husband_n can_v not_o gift_n to_o his_o brother_n or_o relation_n any_o horse_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o if_o such_o disposition_n be_v sustain_v the_o former_a or_o the_o like_a clause_n will_v be_v elusory_a and_o may_v easy_o be_v evacuate_v for_o a_o husband_n may_v dispon_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n all_o his_o movable_n this_o be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o lord_n incline_v only_o to_o sustain_v this_o disposition_n if_o make_v for_o some_o probable_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v upon_o deathbed_n it_o be_v reduceable_a or_o if_o there_o have_v be_v great_a presumption_n of_o fraud_n adduce_v to_o clear_a that_o it_o be_v contrive_v as_o a_o mere_a cheat_n against_o the_o relict_n but_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o the_o donation_n be_v only_o of_o one_o particular_a thing_n make_v in_o liege_n poustie_a it_o can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o act._n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o the_o onerous_a cause_n express_v be_v not_o true_a or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o onerous_a cause_n but_o that_o the_o right_o grant_v bear_v express_o to_o be_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n if_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o the_o grant_a to_o astruct_v his_o disposition_n when_o quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n by_o offer_v to_o prove_v true_a and_o real_a onerous_a cause_n prior_n to_o the_o debt_n whereupon_o the_o reduction_n be_v found_v and_o first_o it_o be_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o if_o the_o right_n bear_v no_o cause_n the_o user_n may_v condescend_v upon_o and_o offer_v to_o prove_v the_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n 2._o i_o find_v it_o decide_v that_o where_o the_o writ_n do_v bear_v only_o love_n and_o favour_n though_o grant_v by_o a_o man_n to_o his_o own_o wife_n she_o be_v allow_v to_o astruct_v it_o by_o sound_v it_o upon_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n and_o ascribe_v it_o to_o make_v up_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o land_n provide_v to_o she_o by_o her_o say_a contract_n january_n 1669._o la._n brae_n contra_fw-la chisholm_n 3._o where_o the_o disposition_n do_v bear_v love_n and_o favour_n and_o other_o onerous_a cause_n either_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v admit_v to_o astruct_v the_o disposition_n by_o prove_v a_o onerous_a cause_n adequat_fw-la to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o case_n naper_n contra_fw-la ardmore_n which_o decision_n may_v be_v debate_v for_o why_o be_v love_n and_o favour_n insert_v if_o the_o cause_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a presumption_n of_o the_o fraud_n especial_o in_o a_o disposition_n by_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n for_o though_o utile_fw-la per_fw-la inutile_fw-la non_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la and_o that_o this_o may_v have_v proceed_v ex_fw-la stilo_fw-it yet_o in_o suspect_a case_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o narrative_n be_v much_o consider_v these_o argument_n be_v but_o weak_a 4._o where_o the_o writ_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o that_o the_o cause_n can_v only_o not_o be_v prove_v then_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v may_v astruct_v his_o right_n by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v othere_o sum_n just_o rest_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o the_o disposition_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v express_o that_o the_o cause_v express_v be_v not_o true_a but_o be_v caluminous_o and_o fictitious_o express_v i_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o user_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o astruct_v another_o true_a cause_n and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la falsi_fw-la &_o calumniae_fw-la even_o as_o if_o the_o date_n of_o a_o execution_n or_o other_o diligence_n be_v find_v to_o be_v false_a the_o user_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o astruct_v the_o same_o by_o condescend_v upon_o another_o true_a date_n and_o abide_v at_o it_o without_o true_a and_o competent_a the_o doctor_n also_o condescendes_fw-la upon_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o title_n different_a from_o both_o a_o lucrative_n and_o a_o one_o rous_fw-la title_n and_o this_o they_o call_v a_o mix_a title_n titulum_fw-la mixtum_fw-la l._n apud_fw-la celsumê°_n authoris_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr except_o doli_fw-la vid._n jason_n ad_fw-la l._n nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la ff_n legate_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o be_v give_v in_o a_o alienation_n make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n for_o less_o than_o the_o true_a price_n and_o even_o in_o this_o case_n reduction_n be_v competent_a for_o the_o creditor_n prejudge_v in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o price_n receive_v be_v below_o the_o true_a value_n and_o thus_o l._n 7._o basil._n h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d si_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la minore_fw-la praetio_fw-la fundum_fw-la vendidero_fw-la revocatur_fw-la quod_fw-la gestum_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la reddito_fw-la praetio_fw-la but_o since_o licet_fw-la contrahentibus_fw-la in_o emptione_n &_o venditione_n se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la decipere_fw-la and_o that_o we_o see_v price_n of_o land_n very_o different_a every_o man_n take_v his_o advantage_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a why_o the_o law_n shall_v prejudge_v so_o far_o the_o buyer_n in_o this_o and_o i_o conceive_v that_o except_o the_o price_n be_v palpable_o make_v so_o low_a upon_o design_n to_o cheat_v creditor_n any_o of_o the_o creditor_n have_v offer_v more_o or_o that_o it_o be_v extraordinary_a low_a in_o itself_o such_o price_n can_v be_v challenge_v as_o if_o a_o chalder_n of_o victual_n worth_n true_o 3000._o mark_n be_v sell_v for_o 2000_o mark_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v not_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v ultra_fw-la dimidium_fw-la below_o the_o just_a half_n for_o than_o it_o may_v have_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n upon_o another_o head_n and_o so_o this_o action_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n whether_o if_o any_o debtor_n buy_v a_o hazard_n jactum_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o v._n g._n if_o he_o buy_v a_o woman_n liferent_a at_o seven_o year_n purchase_n and_o dispone_v his_o land_n for_o the_o price_n if_o he_o die_v the_o next_o year_n may_v not_o i_o reduce_v that_o disposition_n as_o do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o i_o a_o lawful_a creditor_n even_o as_o a_o minor_a may_v reduce_v such_o a_o bargain_n if_o make_v by_o his_o tutor_n to_o which_o i_o conceive_v it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o can_v be_v quarrel_v if_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o for_o the_o ordinary_a advantage_n for_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v transact_v it_o if_o he_o have_v no_o creditor_n and_o if_o no_o design_n to_o defraud_v can_v be_v show_v and_o here_o that_o maxim_n hold_v fraus_fw-la &_o eventum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la requirit_fw-la nor_o be_v the_o liege_n put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la to_o contract_n with_o debtor_n in_o such_o case_n without_o just_a it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o price_n or_o cause_n be_v onerous_a but_o it_o must_v be_v just_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o price_n which_o the_o law_n allow_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v loose_v a_o great_a sum_n at_o game_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o it_o shall_v dispone_v his_o land_n that_o disposition_n may_v be_v quarrel_v as_o make_v without_o a_o just_a price_n because_o the_o law_n allow_v not_o the_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v gain_v at_o game_n if_o it_o exceed_v 100_o pound_n scot_n and_o since_o the_o law_n will_v not_o sustain_v action_n for_o it_o at_o the_o gainer_n instance_n against_o the_o debtor_n who_o loose_v it_o much_o less_o shall_v it_o sustain_v a_o
creditor_n because_o they_o have_v not_o then_o interest_n and_o so_o their_o interest_n can_v not_o be_v say_v to_o be_v prejudge_v there_o be_v no_o speciality_n as_o to_o he_o why_o he_o may_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o the_o same_o donation_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o this_o will_v ruin_v commerce_n because_o a_o father_n may_v grant_v such_o a_o right_n and_o thereafter_o keep_v it_o latent_fw-la and_o cheat_v his_o creditor_n with_o who_o he_o trade_v who_o can_v not_o know_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o this_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o act_n 1621._o introduce_v no_o such_o speciality_n in_o favour_n of_o trade_n but_o upon_o the_o contrair_a such_o disposition_n when_o make_v by_o merchant_n be_v less_o presumeable_a to_o be_v do_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n then_o when_o make_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o trade_n nor_o commerce_n because_o trader_n may_v grant_v band_n to_o their_o child_n in_o expectation_n of_o what_o they_o may_v gain_v and_o when_o they_o â—ell_v thereafter_o insolvendo_fw-la that_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o their_o loss_n by_o sea_n or_o trade_n and_o not_o to_o the_o donation_n in_o favour_n of_o child_n upon_o which_o debate_n the_o lord_n repel_v the_o reason_n found_v upon_o the_o act_n 1621._o the_o 2._o reason_n be_v that_o this_o band_n be_v reduceable_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la doli_fw-la as_o grant_v by_o collusion_n betwixt_o father_n and_o son_n in_o necem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la and_o to_o defraud_v their_o just_a interest_n which_o dole_n and_o fraud_n be_v infer_v from_o these_o circumstance_n 1._o that_o the_o son_n be_v forisfamiliat_v and_o provide_v it_o can_v not_o be_v grant_v for_o any_o onerus_a cause_n 2._o the_o band_n be_v keep_v latent_fw-la till_o the_o father_n die_v 3._o it_o do_v bear_v no_o annualrent_n and_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n be_v delay_v till_o after_o the_o father_n death_n 4._o their_o debt_n be_v all_o contract_v immediate_o after_o the_o grant_n of_o this_o band_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v clear_o that_o he_o have_v design_v to_o exhaust_v his_o estate_n by_o this_o band_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o son_n and_o then_o to_o contract_v debt_n free_o and_o to_o apply_v their_o money_n to_o the_o payment_n of_o this_o band._n upon_o which_o qualification_n of_o fraud_n the_o lord_n reduce_v the_o band._n the_o three_o reason_n be_v that_o this_o band_n grant_v by_o a_o father_n to_o a_o son_n be_v but_o a_o legittim_n or_o portion_n natural_a in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v revockable_a by_o the_o father_n and_o consequent_o by_o his_o creditor_n and_o legittim_n do_v only_o affect_v the_o the_o defunct_n free_a gear_n which_o reason_n be_v also_o just_o repel_v for_o this_o be_v a_o band_n grant_v to_o a_o son_n who_o be_v foris_fw-la familiat_v and_o be_v deliver_v to_o himself_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o legittim_n first_o because_o it_o do_v not_o bear_v to_o be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o portion_n natural_a and_o second_o because_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a band_n and_o deliver_v in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n there_o be_v another_o case_n decide_v four_o decemb._n 1673_o wherein_o the_o lord_n reduce_v a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o reid_n of_o daldil_v to_o his_o son_n even_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o posterior_n creditor_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o right_o be_v base_a and_o that_o the_o father_n continue_v still_o in_o possession_n and_o act_v still_o as_o absolute_a fire_n and_o that_o the_o register_n of_o that_o shire_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o country_n so_o that_o they_o neither_o can_v nor_o be_v obliedge_v to_o know_v the_o son_n infeftment_n and_o that_o albeit_o it_o be_v allege_v for_o the_o son_n that_o as_o fraud_n never_o ought_v to_o be_v presume_v so_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n for_o presume_v it_o here_o since_o this_o infeftment_n ought_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o another_o cause_n than_o a_o design_n to_o defraud_v creditor_n viz._n to_o a_o prior_n contract_n of_o marriage_n wherein_o his_o father_n have_v get_v a_o great_a portion_n with_o his_o mother_n be_v thereafter_o obliedge_v to_o infeft_v he_o in_o his_o land_n and_o this_o be_v the_o ordinary_a way_n take_v to_o secure_v ancient_a family_n against_o prodigal_a son_n and_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a remedy_n take_v by_o provident_a man_n when_o they_o give_v great_a portion_n with_o their_o daughter_n it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o reduce_v such_o disposition_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o posterior_n creditor_n in_o who_o favour_n nothing_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o son_n infeftment_n be_v registrat_n do_v likewise_o take_v off_o all_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n and_o though_o the_o register_n be_v take_v away_o that_o can_v not_o prejudge_v the_o defender_n or_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o reduction_n here_o no_o more_o than_o it_o can_v defend_v he_o against_o a_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la or_o interdictionis_fw-la for_o the_o user_n do_v omne_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o se_fw-la est_fw-la and_o follow_v the_o faith_n of_o public_a register_n can_v be_v prejudge_v by_o a_o accident_n to_o which_o he_o have_v no_o accession_n and_o there_o be_v as_o good_a reason_n for_o reduce_v interdiction_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o posterior_n creditor_n as_o for_o reduce_v such_o base_a infeftment_n than_o not_o allow_v of_o which_o will_v still_o force_v son_n thereafter_o to_o be_v at_o the_o great_a expense_n and_o trouble_n of_o public_a infeftment_n and_o even_o these_o public_a infeftment_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o reduction_n since_o lawful_a creditor_n be_v in_o both_o case_n prejudge_v and_o a_o son_n prefer_v to_o they_o and_o though_o equity_n shall_v be_v consider_v where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o express_a statute_n in_o which_o many_o case_n be_v consider_v casus_fw-la omissus_fw-la habetur_fw-la pro_fw-la omisso_fw-la it_o be_v here_o observable_a that_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o father_n to_o infeft_v the_o son_n in_o these_o land_n but_o that_o hereby_o the_o estate_n be_v only_o provide_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o marriage_n so_o that_o the_o son_n behove_v to_o have_v be_v serve_v heir_n and_o so_o will_v have_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o father_n debt_n if_o this_o new_a infeftment_n which_o be_v here_o quarrel_v have_v not_o interveen_v not_o only_o deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o prior_n creditor_n be_v reduceable_a but_o even_o deed_n do_v dolose_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o such_o as_o become_v creditor_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o deed_n do_v be_v reduceable_a as_o for_o instance_n one_o brother_n grant_v a_o band_n to_o another_o upon_o design_n to_o let_v the_o friend_n of_o she_o who_o he_o be_v suit_v in_o marriage_n see_v that_o he_o have_v a_o estate_n and_o immediate_o after_o the_o contract_n or_o about_o that_o same_o time_n grant_v a_o discharge_v to_o his_o brother_n have_v engage_v the_o woman_n friend_n to_o give_v he_o a_o gerat_fw-la tocher_n in_o contemplation_n of_o that_o fallacious_a band_n this_o discharge_n be_v reduceable_a as_o give_v fraudulent_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o woman_n who_o give_v the_o tocher_n and_o who_o be_v creditrix_fw-la by_o that_o contract_n without_o respect_n to_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n of_o the_o debt_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n henderson_n against_o henderson_n and_o donald_n foller_n be_v provide_v by_o his_o father_n in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o conjunctâ—ee_n with_o his_o wife_n of_o a_o tenement_n of_o land_n the_o fee_n whereof_o be_v provide_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o the_o father_n have_v fraudulent_o take_v a_o tack_n from_o the_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o lord_n reduce_v the_o say_a tack_n as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o the_o say_a contract_n &_o contra_fw-la fidem_fw-la tabularum_fw-la nuptialium_fw-la and_o if_o this_o have_v be_v otherwise_o decide_v all_o poor_a woman_n may_v easy_o be_v cheat_v and_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o be_v the_o obligation_n most_o privilege_v by_o law_n will_v become_v ineffectual_a and_o may_v easy_o be_v evacuate_v and_o so_o favourable_a be_v such_o obligation_n in_o contract_n of_o marriage_n that_o glencorsse_o have_v provide_v his_o son_n by_o several_a band_n of_o provision_n and_o have_v thereafter_o dispon_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n the_o son_n have_v get_v a_o good_a tocher_n in_o contemplation_n of_o this_o estate_n the_o lord_n do_v find_v that_o the_o son_n fee_n can_v not_o be_v reduceable_a by_o not_o affect_v with_o those_o provision_n since_o they_o be_v but_o latent_fw-la right_n which_o neither_o the_o son_n nor_o they_o who_o contract_v with_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o know_v the_o presumption_n
from_o which_o lawyer_n conclude_v a_o design_n of_o cheat_v future_a creditor_n be_v those_o 1._o if_o the_o debtor_n dispone_v all_o his_o estate_n assignatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la especial_o if_o he_o reserve_v not_o his_o own_o liferent_a as_o in_o mason_n case_n for_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v denude_v himself_o of_o all_o mean_n of_o subssistance_n without_o some_o malicious_a design_n and_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n l._n omnes_fw-la §_o lucius_z ss_z de_fw-mi his_o quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n or_o for_o a_o less_o price_n than_o the_o thing_n dispon_v be_v true_o worth_a strach_n tract_n de_fw-fr decoct_v part_n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o but_o since_o licet_fw-la contrahentibus_fw-la in_o emptione_n vel_fw-la venditione_n seinvicem_fw-la decipere_fw-la it_o seem_v that_o this_o extension_n shall_v not_o hold_v except_o where_o the_o thing_n dispon_v be_v much_o under-rated_n 2._o if_o the_o disponer_n be_v bankrupt_a or_o a_o cheat._n or_o deploratae_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la strach_n num_fw-la 23._o 3._o if_o he_o borrow_v immediate_o after_o the_o disposition_n 4._o if_o he_o borrow_v secret_o and_o desire_v to_o conceal_v his_o condition_n as_o in_o mason_n case_n and_o 14._o decem._n 1671._o duff_n contra_fw-la culloddin_n this_o qualification_n of_o fraud_n be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o assignation_n make_v by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o viz._n that_o the_o resigner_n desire_v the_o resignation_n shall_v be_v keep_v secret_a and_o thereafter_o suffer_v his_o brother_n to_o continue_v in_o possession_n 5_o if_o he_o borrow_v sum_n far_o above_o his_o fortune_n and_o upon_o this_o last_o presumption_n a_o merchant_n in_o paris_n be_v execute_v have_v borrow_v vast_a sum_n with_o which_o he_o break_v next_o morning_n after_o they_o be_v borrow_v to_o any_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o act_n suspect_v such_o and_o be_v more_o unfavourable_a in_o the_o case_n of_o disposition_n and_o right_n make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n be_v because_o these_o have_v easy_a occasion_n of_o make_v and_o be_v more_o pron_z to_o make_v such_o right_n than_o any_o else_o for_o what_o stranger_n will_v cheat_v creditor_n for_o one_o another_o and_o though_o a_o debtor_n will_v be_v desirous_a to_o prefer_v his_o creditor_n to_o stranger_n yet_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o prefer_v his_o friend_n to_o his_o creditor_n which_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v insinuate_v by_o that_o excellent_a law_n l._n 27._o c._n de_fw-fr donat_fw-la data_fw-la jam_fw-la pridem_fw-la lege_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ut_fw-la donationes_fw-la interveniente_fw-la actorum_fw-la testificatione_n conficiantur_fw-la quod_fw-la vel_fw-la maxim_n inter_fw-la necessarias_fw-la conjunct_a asque_fw-la personas_fw-la convenit_fw-la custodiri_fw-la si_fw-mi quidem_fw-la clandestinis_fw-la ac_fw-la domesticis_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la facile_fw-la quidvis_fw-la pro_fw-la negotii_fw-la opportunitate_fw-la confingi_fw-la potest_fw-la vel_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la veer_fw-la gestum_fw-la est_fw-la aboleri_fw-la and_o the_o doctor_n have_v receive_v as_o a_o brocard_n that_o conjunctus_fw-la presumitur_fw-la scire_fw-la facta_fw-la conjuncti_fw-la l._n octavi_fw-la ff_n unde_fw-la cognati_fw-la and_o therefore_o presumitur_fw-la alienatio_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la facta_fw-la quando_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la donatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la vel_fw-la conjuncta_fw-la personae_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la h._n t._n num_fw-la 30._o our_o law_n have_v not_o full_o determine_v who_o be_v repute_v conjunct_a person_n since_o this_o open_v a_o door_n to_o arbitraryness_n in_o judge_n it_o have_v be_v fit_a the_o law_n have_v obviate_v by_o a_o special_a definition_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o point_v the_o power_n of_o judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n of_o creditor_n but_o certain_o father_n and_o son_n and_o all_o degree_n ascendant_n and_o descendant_n be_v repute_v conjunct_a and_o because_o these_o be_v the_o most_o near_a relation_n therefore_o disposition_n make_v to_o they_o be_v not_o only_o reduceable_a by_o this_o statute_n but_o such_o disposition_n when_o make_v to_o such_o as_o may_v have_v be_v heir_n make_v the_o receiver_n successor_n titulo_fw-la luc_fw-fr rativo_fw-la post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la which_o passive_a title_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o a_o brother_n though_o the_o disponer_n be_v so_o old_a that_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v succession_n whereby_o his_o brother_n may_v be_v exclude_v nor_o be_v the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n so_o strong_a among_o collateral_n as_o to_o infer_v so_o odious_a a_o passive_a title_n but_o reserve_v action_n upon_o this_o act_n 1621._o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o onerous_a 7._o decemb._n 1672._o spencer-field_n contra_fw-la kilbrakmont_n 2._o brother_n and_o brother_n be_v repute_v conjunct_a person_n but_o whither_o this_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n in_o affinity_n as_o in_o consanguinity_n have_v often_o be_v controvert_v and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o other_o statute_n non_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la jus_o affinitatis_fw-la ac_fw-la consanguinitatis_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o statute_n forbid_v father_n son_n or_o brother_n to_o judge_v in_o action_n of_o their_o correlati_fw-la be_v not_o extend_v so_o as_o to_o prohibit_v father_n brother_n or_o son_n in_o law_n to_o judge_v in_o such_o case_n as_o be_v find_v in_o moor_n case_n against_o gruibbit_n but_o yet_o a_o sister_n in_o law_n be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o conjunct_a person_n 5._o july_n 1673._o hoom_n contra_fw-la smith_n and_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o conjunct_a person_n in_o the_o reduction_n against_o major_a biggar_n at_o waughaps_o instance_n and_o sâ—eidivin_fw-fr hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi pag._n 1209._o tell_v we_o that_o inter_v affine_n &_o conjunctas_fw-la personas_fw-la fraud_n presumuntur_fw-la and_o since_o man_n will_v do_v as_o much_o for_o their_o ally_n as_o for_o their_o blood_n friend_n especial_o for_o sister_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n upon_o that_o same_o reason_n repel_v they_o from_o be_v witness_n it_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v repute_n conjunct_a person_n and_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a why_o the_o law_n which_o be_v jealous_a that_o a_o ally_n or_o affinis_fw-la may_v perjure_v themselves_o for_o another_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o rather_o unwilling_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o such_o conveyance_n as_o their_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o creditor_n where_o the_o cheat_n be_v easy_a and_o less_o dangerous_a but_o whether_o a_o bastard_n be_v such_o a_o conjunct_a person_n as_o that_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o he_o by_o his_o father_n be_v reduceable_a may_v be_v doubt_v for_o upon_o the_o one_o part_n a_o bastard_n patrem_fw-la demonstrare_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o blood_n can_v be_v conjunct_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o blood_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o part_n a_o bastard_z be_v know_v to_o have_v much_o natural_a affection_n and_o so_o may_v be_v presume_v a_o person-willing_a to_o convey_v such_o fraud_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n the_o law_n reject_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o natural_a father_n marsil_n singul_n 273._o and_o a_o bastard_n with_o we_o be_v only_o receive_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v he_o action_n against_o his_o father_n for_o aliment_n and_o though_o the_o law_n will_v allow_v he_o no_o advantage_n by_o his_o birth_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o capacitate_v he_o to_o cheat_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o distinction_n more_o reasonable_a then_o to_o say_v with_o paleot_n that_o bastard_n be_v not_o conjunct_a upon_o the_o father_n side_n but_o on_o the_o mother_n side_n cap._n 60._o the_o not_o he_o or_o to_o say_v with_o alex._n consil_n 60._o that_o these_o be_v to_o be_v account_v conjunct_a in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v marriage_n only_o so_o that_o a_o bastard_n brother_n can_v marry_v his_o bastard_n sister_n for_o certain_o though_o these_o be_v not_o conjunct_a in_o strict_a law_n sunt_fw-la conjunctis_fw-la simile_n felin_n ad_fw-la cap._n per_fw-la tuas_fw-la de_fw-la probat_fw-la who_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v a_o confident_a seem_v more_o difficult_a and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o a_o ordinary_a factor_n or_o a_o domestic_a servant_n must_v be_v say_v to_o be_v confident_a person_n and_o a_o ordinary_a agent_n be_v find_v to_o be_v such_o a_o confident_a person_n 26._o june_n 1672._o moubra_n against_o spence_n and_o immola_fw-la ad_fw-la h._n t._n leg_n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la affirm_v that_o amicus_fw-la magna_fw-la amicitia_fw-la conjunctus_fw-la be_v liable_a to_o this_o presumption_n and_o the_o law_n judge_n still_o of_o he_o as_o of_o conjunctus_fw-la sanguine_fw-la and_o friendship_n be_v ofttimes_o warm_a than_o blood_n disposition_n likewise_o omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la be_v reduceable_a though_o not_o make_v to_o confident_a person_n but_o to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n except_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n for_o the_o law_n presume_v as_o
i_o observe_v former_o that_o it_o be_v make_v to_o prejudge_v creditor_n and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o mere_a gift_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o poor_a creditor_n this_o be_v find_v the_o 18._o november_n 1669._o henderson_n contra_fw-la henderson_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o this_o act_n declare_v such_o deed_n only_o reduceable_a as_o be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n for_o though_o this_o statute_n make_v that_o a_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n yet_o it_o exclude_v not_o other_o presumption_n such_o as_o be_v in_o this_o c_o 〈…〉_z viz._n that_o it_o be_v assignatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o bear_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o cause_n false_o narrate_v viz._n for_o the_o sum_n of_o two_o thousand_o mark_n due_a by_o howat_n the_o common_a debtor_n to_o anderson_n whereas_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o discharge_v under_o howat_n own_o hand_n that_o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sum_n be_v pay_v before_o the_o disposition_n since_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n annul_v deed_n only_o do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o right_n when_o make_v to_o other_o who_o be_v not_o conjunct_a nor_o confident_a be_v not_o reduceable_a and_o yet_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la all_o right_n make_v to_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o a_o onerous_a or_o necessary_a cause_n be_v reduceable_a by_o this_o statute_n and_o our_o law_n consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n and_o other_o only_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o way_n of_o probation_n so_o that_o these_o must_v prove_v a_o onerous_a cause_n whereas_o other_o need_v not_o this_o show_v how_o misterious_o our_o statute_n be_v conceive_v without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n etc._n etc._n titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la be_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v dispon_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o do_v or_o pay_v somewhat_o titulus_fw-la lucrativus_fw-la be_v when_o the_o deed_n be_v mere_o gratuitus_fw-la and_o proceed_v from_o mere_a favour_n the_o civil_a law_n observe_v two_o rule_n in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o onerous_a and_o lucrative_a cause_n quoad_fw-la this_o action_n the_o first_o be_v that_o this_o action_n be_v competent_a even_o against_o these_o who_o have_v receive_v such_o right_n for_o onerous_a cause_n when_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n be_v guilty_a of_o fraud_n if_o they_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n l._n ait_fw-la praetor_n ff_n h._n t._n and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o thing_n alienate_v be_v recall_v without_o restore_v the_o price_n the_o second_o rule_n be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o right_n ex_fw-la causa_fw-la lucrativa_fw-la be_v liable_a to_o restore_v though_o he_o be_v not_o accessary_a to_o the_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n nec_fw-la particeps_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la autem_fw-la §_o ij_o ff_n eod_a our_o law_n likewise_o consider_v two_o case_n one_o be_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v do_v no_o diligence_n and_o than_o right_n make_v to_o their_o prejudice_n be_v only_o reduceable_a if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o confident_a person_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n the_o other_o if_o the_o reducer_n have_v as_o a_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n and_o â—hen_o the_o right_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n be_v reduceable_a whether_o they_o be_v make_v ex_fw-la titulo_fw-la oneroso_fw-la or_o lucrativo_fw-la for_o by_o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o debtor_n can_v prefer_v one_o creditor_n to_o another_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o any_o such_o diligence_n how_o far_o child_n be_v creditor_n to_o their_o father_n and_o may_v upon_o this_o statute_n reduce_v deed_n do_v by_o their_o father_n in_o favour_n of_o other_o child_n after_o their_o provision_n may_v be_v dubious_a in_o many_o case_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o name_v a_o very_a few_o the_o first_o be_v a_o father_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n with_o the_o first_o wife_n provide_v the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n to_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n with_o a_o second_o wife_n provide_v they_o to_o twenty_o thousand_o mark_n and_o by_o a_o contract_n with_o a_o three_o wife_n provide_v the_o child_n of_o that_o marriage_n to_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n the_o question_n rise_v whether_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n can_v reduce_v the_o contract_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n quoad_fw-la the_o provision_n therein_o make_v as_o make_v in_o prejudice_n of_o they_o who_o become_v lawful_a credtor_n by_o the_o first_o contract_n or_o if_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o three_o marriage_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o if_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o if_o they_o enter_v heir_n they_o can_v reduce_v because_o tenentur_fw-la prestare_fw-la but_o if_o the_o contract_n bear_v child_n of_o the_o marriage_n some_o think_v that_o they_o may_v assign_v their_o portion_n and_o the_o assignay_n may_v reduce_v these_o provision_n make_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n and_o just_o so_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n may_v reduce_v the_o provision_n make_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o three_o marriage_n but_o i_o think_v that_o either_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v infeft_v and_o then_o certain_o the_o father_n can_v prejudge_v they_o by_o posterior_n personal_a provision_n or_o else_o where_o neither_o be_v infeft_v i_o conceive_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n such_o as_o a_o tocher_n pay_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o marriage_n and_o then_o also_o the_o contract_n can_v be_v reduce_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o these_o contract_n be_v not_o make_v to_o defraud_v creditor_n since_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o tocher_n yet_o even_o the_o marriage_n be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n for_o who_o will_v marry_v if_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n and_o the_o design_n here_o be_v not_o to_o prejudge_v true_a creditor_n the_o other_o case_n be_v a_o man_n in_o his_o first_o contract_n provide_v his_o land_n and_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o in_o the_o contract_n with_o his_o second_o wife_n he_o provide_v the_o child_n of_o that_o marriage_n to_o the_o conquest_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v during_o that_o marriage_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n will_v be_v creditor_n to_o the_o father_n for_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n even_o though_o he_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o his_o father_n for_o though_o here_o it_o seem_v that_o confusione_n tollitur_fw-la obligatio_fw-la the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v both_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n yet_o conquest_n be_v still_o understand_v to_o be_v illud_fw-la quod_fw-la super_fw-la est_fw-la deducto_fw-la be_v alieno_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n can_v have_v no_o right_o but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o these_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o scot_n of_o bavila_fw-la contra_fw-la binning_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o heir_n may_v reduce_v the_o provision_n make_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o bairn_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n provide_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n but_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v for_o first_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o debt_n since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v the_o debtor_n himself_o but_o second_o if_o the_o money_n with_o which_o the_o land_n be_v buy_v be_v conquest_n also_o in_o the_o second_o wife_n time_n it_o seem_v against_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v call_v conquest_n quoad_fw-la a_o heir_n of_o another_o marriage_n cui_fw-la nihil_fw-la deest_fw-la though_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v conquest_n in_o the_o first_o marriage_n it_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v ae_z alienum_fw-la a_o three_o case_n be_v this_o a_o father_n obliedge_v himself_o in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o first_o wife_n to_o provide_v the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n to_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n but_o before_o his_o death_n he_o provide_v one_o of_o the_o three_o bairn_n to_o the_o whole_a eight_o the_o the_o question_n propon_v be_v whether_o the_o other_o two_o daughter_n may_v raise_v a_o reduction_n of_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o their_o sister_n upon_o this_o act_n and_o for_o these_o sister_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o brother_n become_v debtor_n to_o they_o prorata_fw-la even_o as_o if_o he_o have_v grant_v band_n to_o six_o man_n for_o a_o sum_n each_o of_o they_o will_v have_v right_a to_o a_o proportional_a part_n of_o it_o at_o
yet_o i_o confess_v that_o these_o argument_n from_o analogy_n do_v not_o in_o this_o absolute_o hold_v for_o in_o several_a of_o these_o instance_n the_o deed_n specify_v habent_fw-la individuam_fw-la formam_fw-la prescribe_v to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n &_o ubi_fw-la actus_fw-la est_fw-la individuus_fw-la ratione_fw-la formae_fw-la ea_fw-la non_fw-la servata_fw-la actus_fw-la omnino_fw-la corruit_fw-la &_o utile_fw-la per_fw-la inutile_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la but_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o donation_n &_o ab_fw-la usuris_fw-la quadrat_fw-la with_o this_o case_n or_o at_o least_o the_o argument_n ab_fw-la usuris_fw-la do_v but_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o price_n shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n for_o payment_n of_o their_o lawful_a debt_n though_o the_o interpose_a person_n be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la yet_o he_o be_v not_o by_o the_o act_n liable_a to_o restore_v the_o land_n or_o other_o dispone_v to_o he_o simple_o or_o the_o price_n thereof_o if_o he_o have_v dispon_v the_o same_o to_o a_o three_o person_n but_o there_o will_v be_v deduce_v or_o allow_v to_o he_o so_o much_o either_o of_o the_o land_n or_o price_n as_o he_o have_v give_v or_o pay_v to_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o the_o superplus_n be_v to_o be_v forthcoming_a to_o the_o other_o creditor_n who_o want_v their_o due_a payment_n and_o that_o not_o without_o new_a diligence_n by_o these_o who_o have_v reduce_v the_o right_o grant_v to_o the_o interpose_a person_n by_o arrestment_n or_o otherwise_o but_o if_o the_o creditor_n who_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reduction_n have_v not_o do_v diligence_n to_o affect_v the_o land_n or_o price_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o interpose_a person_n either_o by_o comprise_v or_o arrestment_n he_o must_v notwithstanding_o the_o decret_a of_o reduction_n affect_v the_o same_o otherwise_o other_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n will_v be_v preferable_a see_v reduction_n do_v not_o settle_v a_o right_n upon_o the_o creditor_n to_o their_o debtor_n estate_n but_o they_o only_o sweep_v away_o such_o fraudulent_a right_n as_o may_v stand_v in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o diligence_n and_o execution_n and_o hinder_v they_o thereby_o to_o get_v a_o right_n to_o the_o debtor_n estate_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a probation_n of_o the_o fraud_n intend_v against_o the_o creditor_n if_o they_o or_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o verify_v by_o writ_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v without_o any_o true_a cause_n etc._n etc._n for_o clear_v of_o these_o word_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o the_o word_n fraud_n be_v various_o use_v by_o lawyer_n it_o be_v take_v pro_fw-la poena_fw-la capitali_fw-la l._n eum_fw-la autem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr aedilit_fw-la edict_n pro_fw-la periculo_fw-la alicujus_fw-la in_o commodi_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n falcid_a pro_fw-la impostura_fw-la l._n aliud_fw-la est_fw-la fraus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr pro_fw-la privatione_fw-la juris_fw-la l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-mi his_o quae_fw-la inte_v delen_fw-mi but_o here_o fraud_n signify_v the_o prejudice_n arise_v to_o the_o creditor_n by_o unlawful_a alienation_n and_o even_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v take_v sometime_o pro_fw-la damno_fw-la pecuniario_fw-la l._n be_v ff_n quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n credit_n and_o he_o be_v say_v to_o the_o fraud_n his_o creditor_n who_o prejudge_v he_o by_o that_o alienation_n without_o necessity_n of_o prove_v any_o previous_a design_n of_o cheat_v for_o that_o design_n be_v a_o secret_a and_o latent_fw-la act_n of_o the_o mind_n the_o law_n which_o design_v main_o the_o indemnity_n of_o the_o creditor_n will_v not_o burden_n he_o with_o so_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a a_o probation_n but_o presumptione_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la conclude_v that_o alienation_n to_o be_v make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n which_o want_v a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o this_o be_v fraus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la though_o not_o in_o consilio_fw-la and_o lawyer_n have_v well_o distinguish_v fraudem_fw-la in_o re_fw-la a_o fraud_n in_o consilio_fw-la accur_v ad_fw-la §_o in_o fraud_n just_a quib_n ex_fw-la cause_n manum_fw-la which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o in_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la inter_fw-la dolum_fw-la ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la &_o dolum_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la ipsa_fw-la for_o fraus_fw-la &_o dolus_fw-la differ_v only_o as_o genus_fw-la &_o species_n â—raus_fw-la be_v more_o general_a than_o dolus_fw-la as_o be_v full_o prove_v by_o bargalius_fw-la de_fw-la dolo_fw-la lib._n 5._o c._n 4._o but_o albeit_o the_o civil_a law_n make_v alienation_n in_o conjunctam_fw-la personam_fw-la to_o be_v only_o sufficient_a probation_n si_fw-la aleae_fw-la presumptiones_fw-la concurrant_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr damnat_fw-la burgal_o de_fw-fr dol_n c._n 8._o l._n 5._o num_fw-la 43._o yet_o our_o law_n make_v the_o want_n of_o a_o onerous_a cause_n per_fw-la se_fw-la though_o nothing_o concur_v to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a probation_n of_o the_o fraud_n against_o a_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n fraus_fw-la &_o eventum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la desideraâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 15._o h._n t._n yet_o our_o law_n require_v only_o fraudem_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la without_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v fraus_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la for_o albeit_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o disposition_n know_v not_o that_o the_o disponer_n have_v debt_n or_o creditor_n yet_o if_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o disponer_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v his_o debt_n our_o law_n will_v reduce_v that_o disposition_n if_o make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n which_o be_v also_o express_o contrair_a to_o l._n 6._o §_o 4._o basil_n h._n tit_n quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n cred_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o probation_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a in_o reduction_n upon_o this_o statute_n be_v determine_v by_o this_o paragraph_n and_o though_o the_o statute_n appoint_v the_o probation_n to_o be_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n or_o by_o writ_n bear_v no_o onerous_a cause_n or_o bear_v to_o be_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n yet_o the_o practy_n have_v in_o this_o point_n so_o vary_v that_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o reduce_v our_o present_a decision_n into_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o narratives_n bear_v the_o disposition_n to_o be_v for_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n be_v but_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o party_n grant_a do_v not_o prove_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v onerous_a else_o it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o elude_v the_o act._n 2._o though_o the_o narrative_a do_v not_o prove_v for_o the_o grant_a yet_o it_o prove_v against_o he_o nam_fw-la verba_fw-la narrativa_fw-la as_o craig_n observe_v pag._n 145._o licet_fw-la sepe_fw-la falsis_fw-la sima_fw-la probant_fw-la tamen_fw-la contra_fw-la proferentem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v be_v make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n and_o bear_v to_o be_v make_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n it_o will_v be_v reduce_v that_o though_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v shall_v offer_v to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n stewart_n contra_fw-la graham_n nothing_o can_v prove_v better_o the_o design_n of_o the_o party_n than_o a_o writ_n under_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o as_o this_o can_v fail_v so_o if_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v a_o subsequent_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n contrair_a to_o the_o write_v produce_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o he_o may_v use_v indirect_a mean_n for_o prove_v the_o say_v onerous_a cause_n and_o this_o might_n both_o disappoint_v the_o creditor_n and_o open_v a_o door_n to_o perjury_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o accept_v of_o a_o writ_n bear_v such_o a_o narrative_a 3._o a_o right_o make_v by_o very_o conjunct_a person_n such_o as_o father_n and_o son_n be_v make_v to_o person_n against_o who_o there_o lie_v a_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n either_o because_o of_o the_o relation_n or_o because_o the_o receiver_n have_v no_o visible_a estate_n wherewith_o to_o acquire_v ex_fw-la titulo_fw-la oneroso_fw-la the_o right_o dispone_v in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o right_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n yet_o the_o receiver_n must_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o narrative_a 4._o if_o the_o disposition_n bear_v that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v for_o satisfy_v of_o debt_n owe_v by_o the_o disponer_n or_o for_o satisfy_v a_o debt_n owe_v to_o the_o receiver_n he_o must_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o march_n 1624._o duff_n contra_fw-la cullodin_n though_o the_o disposition_n there_o be_v make_v only_o to_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o if_o there_o be_v any_o antecedent_n debt_n that_o debt_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v and_o the_o lord_n
have_v proceed_v so_o far_o according_a to_o the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n which_o have_v appear_v that_o where_o bond_n have_v be_v produce_v prove_v the_o disponer_n to_o be_v debtor_n prior_n to_o the_o disposition_n they_o have_v yet_o ordain_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o these_o bond_n to_o be_v prove_v because_o if_o confident_a person_n design_v to_o cheat_v their_o creditor_n they_o may_v as_o easy_o grant_v bond_n bear_v borrow_a money_n and_o then_o disposition_n for_o payment_n of_o these_o bond_n as_o they_o may_v simple_o grant_v disposition_n bear_v onerous_a cause_n and_o as_o a_o minor_n disposition_n will_v not_o be_v find_v prove_v to_o be_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n though_o grant_v for_o payment_n of_o a_o precede_a bond_n so_o neither_o shall_v a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o a_o bankrupt_a for_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v as_o prone_a to_o cheat_v as_o a_o minor_a be_v to_o be_v cheat_v and_o therefore_o if_o the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n be_v very_o strong_a they_o will_v ordain_v the_o party_n receiver_n to_o instruct_v the_o onerous_a cause_n even_o of_o the_o precede_a bond_n by_o the_o party_n who_o receive_v and_o the_o witness_n who_o be_v present_a or_o else_o will_v ordain_v the_o conceal_a band_n to_o be_v produce_v or_o at_o least_o the_o party_n receiver_n to_o depon_n thereupon_o as_o be_v find_v december_n 1671_o duff_n contra_fw-la brown_n and_o december_n 1773._o campbell_n against_o campbell_n in_o which_o last_o case_n a_o woman_n be_v creditrix_fw-la by_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n as_o be_v provide_v to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n which_o shall_v pertain_v to_o her_o husband_n the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o to_o 200._o mark_v out_o of_o the_o other_o half_a pursue_v reduction_n of_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o her_o husband_n brother_n of_o his_o movable_n who_o defend_v himself_o by_o a_o disposition_n make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n viz._n a_o bond_n grant_v by_o his_o brother_n to_o he_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o brother_n to_o who_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v shall_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o that_o bond_n for_o though_o the_o bond_n bear_v onerous_a cause_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_a by_o such_o bond_n to_o cheat_v creditor_n and_o it_o be_v presumeable_a in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o bond_n be_v not_o grant_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n since_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a and_o execution_n be_v defer_v till_o the_o granter_n death_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o presumption_n the_o lord_n allow_v the_o receiver_n to_o give_v his_o oath_n upon_o the_o onerous_a cause_n especial_o see_v it_o be_v ordinar_n for_o brother_n to_o spare_v their_o brother_n both_o as_o to_o annualrent_a and_o as_o to_o execution_n and_o much_o more_o when_o the_o brother_n who_o grant_v the_o bond_n be_v sick_a and_o will_v die_v short_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n nor_o do_v they_o think_v fit_a to_o burden_v the_o receiver_n with_o other_o probation_n of_o the_o onerous_a cause_n since_o the_o disposition_n bear_v to_o be_v for_o onerous_a cause_n and_o the_o bond_n be_v produce_v bear_v to_o be_v for_o onerous_a cause_n also_o so_o that_o to_o require_v a_o high_a probation_n backward_o be_v dare_v progressum_fw-la in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o brother_n have_v such_o private_a transaction_n trust_n and_o lend_n that_o they_o pay_v and_o receive_v money_n to_o and_o from_o one_o another_o without_o witness_n 5._o when_o band_n be_v grant_v to_o trafficque_a merchant_n who_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n or_o such_o relation_n as_o be_v know_v to_o be_v man_n of_o integrity_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o put_v they_o to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o their_o oath_n for_o merchant_n and_o other_o use_v to_o adhibite_fw-la witness_n to_o all_o their_o bargain_n and_o in_o many_o case_n they_o can_v have_v witness_n to_o their_o bargain_n be_v make_v abroad_o and_o in_o remote_a country_n and_o to_o tie_v they_o not_o to_o make_v bargain_n with_o their_o near_a relation_n with_o who_o ordinary_o they_o enter_v into_o society_n be_v to_o ruin_v all_o commerce_n and_o though_o movable_n use_v to_o be_v dispon_v without_o writ_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n require_v any_o writ_n to_o their_o transmission_n yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o anderson_n the_o lord_n force_v he_o to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o his_o disposition_n to_o howat_n movable_n though_o he_o allege_v that_o he_o can_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n by_o his_o have_v a_o disposition_n than_o he_o will_v have_v be_v without_o it_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o his_o right_n to_o movable_n will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a without_o writ_n but_o here_o there_o be_v a_o disposition_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o disposition_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o reduce_v a_o right_o make_v to_o movable_n because_o i_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o i_o buy_v a_o horse_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n no_o creditor_n of_o the_o seller_n can_v force_v i_o to_o prove_v the_o price_n to_o be_v pay_v 6._o sometime_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o suffer_v the_o receiver_n to_o astruct_v the_o onerousnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o one_o or_o more_o witness_n and_o to_o give_v their_o oath_n in_o supplement_n and_o according_a as_o the_o relation_n be_v remote_a or_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o receiver_n honesty_n strong_a they_o lessen_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o strong_a adminicle_n and_o thus_o the_o 5._o july_n 1673._o in_o the_o case_n of_o margaret_n home_n contra_fw-la smith_n they_o sustain_v one_o witness_n depon_v that_o he_o be_v witness_n to_o such_o a_o bond_n and_o that_o he_o hear_v the_o grant_a of_o the_o bond_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v debtor_n to_o be_v sufficient_a adminicle_n be_v join_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n of_o supplement_n and_o in_o the_o case_n above_o cite_v 18._o november_n 1669._o anderson_n disposition_n be_v quarrel_v as_o be_v omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la and_o for_o a_o false_a cause_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sum_n for_o which_o it_o be_v grant_v be_v pay_v before_o the_o disposition_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o disposition_n in_o swae_n far_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o sum_n owe_v before_o the_o disposition_n to_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o anderson_n himself_o and_o of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o for_o what_o sum_n be_v pay_v before_o diligence_n at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n though_o after_o the_o disposition_n to_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o common_a debtor_n and_o of_o these_o to_o who_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v and_o yet_o where_o the_o disposition_n do_v bear_v to_o be_v not_o in_o general_a for_o payment_n of_o the_o granter_n debt_n but_o particular_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n after_o specify_v and_o some_o of_o the_o debt_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o new_a and_o different_a ink_n the_o lord_n will_v not_o allow_v these_o debt_n except_o the_o defender_n will_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o these_o debt_n be_v fill_v up_o before_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v diligence_n as_o a_o creditor_n after_o which_o time_n there_o be_v jus_o quesitum_fw-la to_o he_o by_o his_o diligence_n as_o no_o disposition_n can_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o prejudice_n so_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v prejudge_v by_o fill_v up_o other_o creditor_n name_n than_o these_o contain_v in_o the_o first_o disposition_n for_o else_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o cheat_v all_o creditor_n by_o such_o blank_n and_o yet_o here_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v commune_v express_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o disposition_n that_o these_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v which_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v sufficient_a be_v propon_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o disposition_n which_o be_v prior_n to_o the_o creditor_n diligence_n 15._o january_n 1670._o lady_n lucy_n hamilton_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o dunlap_n and_o other_o these_o remark_n may_v reconcile_v the_o contrair_a decision_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o this_o head_n such_o as_o the_o 22._o january_n 1630._o pringle_n contra_fw-la mr._n mark_v ker._n wherein_o the_o lord_n find_v no_o necessity_n to_o burden_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi that_o he_o shall_v prove_v a_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o his_o own_o oath_n because_o as_o be_v there_o observe_v when_o party_n borrow_v money_n or_o contract_n mutual_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o prove_v the_o borrow_n or_o contract_n but_o by_o the_o writ_n then_o make_v and_o find_v express_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o negative_a which_o prove_v itself_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o 12._o february_n 1622._o it_o be_v find_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o
it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o creditor_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v voluntary_o prefer_v by_o partial_a favour_n as_o the_o act_n bear_v for_o that_o can_v be_v call_v voluntar_n to_o which_o the_o disponer_n may_v have_v be_v compel_v and_o in_o this_o case_n as_o well_o as_o in_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la these_o disposition_n which_o depend_v upon_o necessary_a cause_n be_v draw_v back_o ad_fw-la svam_fw-la causam_fw-la but_o the_o doubt_n may_v be_v great_a if_o the_o cause_n upon_o which_o the_o disposition_n depend_v have_v no_o specific_a obligation_n in_o it_o to_o grant_v the_o deed_n quarrel_v but_o only_o a_o general_a obligation_n v_o g._n if_o titius_n shall_v only_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o minute_n to_o dispone_n land_n to_o mevius_n if_o titius_n thereafter_o be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sempronius_n shall_v after_o he_o be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n dispone_n land_n to_o mevius_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o that_o disposition_n will_v be_v reduceable_a since_o the_o minute_n do_v not_o bear_v a_o express_a obligation_n to_o dispone_v the_o specific_a land_n afterward_o dispone_v but_o only_o to_o dispone_n land_n in_o general_a for_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la these_o land_n the_o right_o be_v voluntar_n see_v there_o be_v no_o specific_a obligation_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la these_o and_o if_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o this_o may_v be_v sustain_v all_o disposition_n though_o make_v for_o onerous_a cause_n may_v be_v sustain_v notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o conceive_v that_o by_o voluntar_n right_n and_o payment_n in_o this_o paragraph_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o right_n and_o payment_n as_o be_v make_v without_o any_o previous_a diligence_n though_o the_o debtor_n can_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v they_o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o precede_a cause_n whereupon_o the_o debtor_n may_v have_v be_v force_v to_o make_v the_o said_n right_n and_o payment_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o debtor_n if_o other_o creditor_n have_v not_o be_v concern_v yet_o they_o be_v account_v voluntar_n as_o to_o this_o act_n and_o statute_n because_o the_o debtor_n have_v other_o creditor_n who_o may_v have_v compel_v he_o as_o much_o as_o the_o creditor_n who_o he_o have_v satisfy_v yet_o he_o voluntary_o prefer_v and_o gratify_v he_o in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o diligence_n and_o even_o in_o the_o case_n here_o instance_a of_o a_o minute_n bear_v a_o obligation_n to_o dispone_v land_n if_o the_o dyvour_n shall_v after_o the_o diligence_n of_o other_o creditor_n dispone_n that_o disposition_n will_v be_v construe_v a_o voluntar_n right_n which_o the_o bankrupt_a ought_v not_o to_o have_v grant_v in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n and_o who_o may_v have_v affect_v the_o same_o land_n if_o the_o disposition_n have_v not_o be_v make_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o personal_a obligation_n contain_v in_o the_o minute_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o debtor_n inhibit_v only_o and_o a_o debtor_n bankrupt_a for_o a_o debtor_n who_o be_v inhibit_v dispone_v what_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o by_o a_o obligation_n prio_fw-la to_o the_o inhibition_n do_v not_o contraveen_v the_o command_n of_o the_o inhibition_n which_o only_o forbid_v he_o to_o do_v any_o new_a deed_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o inhibitor_n but_o a_o bankrupt_a not_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v all_o his_o creditor_n do_v contraveen_v this_o law_n in_o gratify_v one_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o diligence_n do_v by_o they_o especial_o since_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v compel_v in_o law_n to_o prefer_v the_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o voluntar_n disposition_n be_v only_a quarrelable_n by_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n yet_o disposition_n make_v by_o notorious_a bankrupt_n be_v even_o quarrelable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o dilligence_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o disposition_n so_o make_v be_v not_o absolute_o reduceable_a but_o be_v only_o reduceable_a to_o the_o effect_n the_o creditor_n may_v have_v access_n to_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o affect_v it_o simple_o for_o the_o whole_a sum_n but_o to_o put_v they_o in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o the_o disposition_n have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o all_o for_o payment_n of_o their_o sum_n conform_v to_o their_o dilligence_n and_o the_o ordinary_a qualification_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v either_o that_o he_o be_v in_o meditatione_n fugae_fw-la or_o that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o abbey_n or_o in_o prison_n or_o that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o horning_n and_o dilligence_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o on_o the_o 18._o december_n 1672._o the_o lord_n sustain_v action_n upon_o this_o act_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o kinfawn_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o tarsappy_n creditor_n though_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o kinfawn_n be_v make_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o that_o because_o tarsappy_a the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v fugitive_a in_o the_o abbey_n and_o that_o his_o debt_n do_v exceed_v his_o estate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o disposition_n omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la make_v to_o a_o uncle_n though_o the_o creditor_n here_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n though_o this_o clause_n bear_v general_o that_o disposition_n make_v in_o prejudice_n of_o such_o as_o have_v do_v lawful_a diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n arrestment_n or_o comprise_v shall_v be_v quarrelable_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v just_o doubt_v whether_o these_o word_n must_v be_v so_o interpret_v as_o that_o any_o of_o these_o dilligence_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n promiscuous_o to_o quarrel_v any_o disposition_n so_o that_o the_o law_n consider_v not_o so_o much_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o diligence_n do_v as_o the_o partial_a favour_n and_o gratification_n of_o the_o dyvour_n or_o confident_a who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n and_o the_o prefer_v he_o to_o one_o who_o have_v do_v diligence_n though_o that_o diligence_n be_v not_o pierce_v proper_a to_o affect_v for_o if_o it_o have_v affect_v proper_o there_o have_v be_v no_o necessity_n for_o this_o act_n or_o statute_n v_o g._n if_o the_o creditor_n have_v inhibit_v the_o debtor_n can_v not_o have_v thereafter_o dispone_v in_o prejudice_n of_o that_o disposition_n but_o the_o disposition_n will_v have_v be_v reduceable_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o creditor_n not_o know_v that_o the_o common_a debtor_n have_v money_n lie_v by_o he_o that_o can_v be_v affect_v with_o arrestment_n do_v ommit_v to_o arrest_v but_o do_v inhibit_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o debtor_n shall_v to_o gratify_v and_o prefer_v a_o creditor_n who_o have_v no_o diligence_n give_v he_o that_o money_n this_o law_n and_o statute_n intend_v that_o the_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n by_o inhibition_n shall_v not_o only_o have_v liberty_n to_o reduce_v all_o disposition_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v competent_a before_o this_o law_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v condictionem_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la lege_fw-la to_o recover_v that_o money_n though_o the_o inhibition_n be_v no_o proper_a way_n to_o affect_v it_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o will_v seem_v absurd_a that_o the_o use_n of_o a_o arrestment_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o the_o user_n to_o quarrel_v a_o right_o make_v of_o land_n for_o that_o be_v vitiosa_fw-la transitio_fw-la de_fw-la genere_fw-la in_fw-la genus_fw-la but_o as_o in_o all_o general_a clause_n so_o in_o this_o the_o application_n must_v be_v singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o after_o a_o creditor_n have_v use_v any_o real_a diligence_n that_o may_v affect_v land_n such_o as_o inhibition_n or_o comprise_v his_o bankrupt_a debtor_n shall_v to_o disappoint_v that_o diligence_n dispone_v his_o land_n to_o a_o con-creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n then_o the_o inhibiter_n or_o appryser_n may_v quarrel_v that_o disposition_n or_o if_o a_o creditor_n have_v affect_v any_o of_o his_o debtor_n sum_n by_o horning_n or_o arrestment_n and_o if_o to_o disappoint_v that_o diligence_n the_o bankrupt_a debtor_n shall_v dispone_v upon_o his_o movable_n in_o favour_n of_o a_o con-creditor_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la that_o disposition_n to_o the_o movable_n may_v be_v quarrel_v by_o he_o who_o have_v use_v horning_n or_o arestment_n which_o be_v diligence_n proper_a to_o affect_v movable_n in_o our_o law_n which_o may_v be_v further_o urge_v by_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o inhibition_n and_o comprising_n be_v not_o proper_a diligence_n to_o affect_v movable_n no_o more_o
act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o they_o do_v in_o most_o case_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v found_v upon_o equity_n as_o here_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o either_o our_o former_a practice_n or_o constitution_n and_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n both_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n declare_v that_o their_o say_a act_n shall_v extend_v to_o cause_n depend_v or_o to_o be_v intent_a whereas_o statue_n regular_o be_v extend_v only_o to_o future_a case_n except_o where_o the_o act_n declare_v what_o be_v law_n former_o as_o in_o this_o case_n we_o may_v then_o conclude_v these_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la and_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la can_v only_o be_v make_v concern_v the_o form_n of_o procedure_n or_o to_o fix_v a_o constant_a decision_n for_o the_o future_a in_o case_n which_o they_o may_v have_v so_o decide_v before_o their_o own_o act_n and_o it_o be_v their_o prudence_n and_o our_o happiness_n that_o they_o shall_v rather_o decide_v in_o hypothesi_fw-la then_o in_o thesi_fw-la but_o act_n of_o parliament_n shall_v main_o be_v make_v to_o regulat_fw-la new_a substantial_a ground_n of_o justice_n and_o commerce_n but_o though_o this_o power_n of_o make_v order_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n be_v proper_o and_o principal_o their_o province_n yet_o they_o have_v in_o this_o but_o a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n with_o the_o parliament_n who_o may_v and_o do_v likewise_o make_v such_o order_n but_o the_o parliament_n ought_v to_o do_v so_o spare_o since_o form_n be_v better_o know_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n then_o to_o they_o and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v act_n relate_v to_o form_n or_o of_o regulate_v form_n already_o make_v belong_v particular_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n both_o because_o of_o their_o constitution_n and_o experience_n the_o lord_n have_v be_v in_o use_n not_o only_o to_o regulat_fw-la their_o own_o court_n by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la but_o they_o have_v by_o the_o same_o power_n prescribe_v regulation_n to_o other_o court_n and_o thus_o as_o to_o the_o justice_n court_n in_o anno_fw-la 1591._o year_n they_o make_v a_o act_n that_o woman_n and_o socii_fw-la criminis_fw-la may_v be_v receive_v witness_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o we_o find_v that_o they_o have_v likewise_o regulate_v inferior_a court_n without_o any_o previous_a warrant_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o 19_o act_n 23._o par._n ja._n 6._o where_o the_o parliament_n ratify_v a_o act_n of_o secret_a council_n and_o session_n which_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o no_o process_n shall_v be_v grant_v before_o inferior_a judge_n on_o the_o first_o summons_n but_o upon_o libel_v precept_n and_o citation_n of_o fifteen_o day_n warning_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1636._o they_o make_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la appoint_v that_o no_o consent_n of_o any_o inferior_a court_n shall_v bind_v the_o consenter_n except_o it_o be_v subscribe_v by_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o that_o court_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o shall_v this_o extension_n of_o their_o power_n seem_v unwarrantable_a for_o since_o they_o may_v reduce_v the_o decreet_n of_o inferior_a court_n it_o seem_v most_o consequential_a that_o they_o may_v regulat_fw-la their_o procedure_n but_o though_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n pass_v the_o bill_n before_o the_o justice_n and_o advocate_n cause_n from_o before_o that_o court_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o they_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o make_v act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la for_o regulate_v that_o court_n the_o jurisdiction_n civil_a and_o criminal_a be_v most_o distinct_a and_o different_a it_o may_v likeways_o seem_v both_o by_o the_o former_a act_n allow_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o session_n this_o power_n and_o the_o ratification_n of_o their_o statute_n specify_v in_o this_o act_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o relate_v not_o mere_o to_o the_o regulate_v their_o own_o form_n shall_v be_v ratify_v by_o the_o parliament_n though_o in_o the_o interim_n of_o parliament_n these_o act_n shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la we_o see_v very_o many_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la to_o have_v full_a vigour_n and_o force_n without_o any_o such_o confirmation_n before_o i_o begin_v to_o explain_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o shall_v offer_v this_o analysis_n of_o it_o either_o the_o creditor_n who_o be_v defraud_v be_v such_o creditor_n as_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o such_o as_o have_v do_v diligence_n if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o have_v not_o do_v diligence_n then_o either_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a person_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n either_o they_o be_v make_v for_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o necessary_a and_o onerous_a cause_n they_o be_v valid_a though_o make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n 2._o if_o these_o disposition_n be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n then_o either_o they_o remain_v with_o the_o conjunct_a confident_a to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v or_o not_o if_o they_o remain_v with_o he_o they_o be_v reduceable_a either_o by_o way_n of_o exception_n or_o reply_v but_o if_o any_o three_o party_n no_o way_n partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n have_v lawful_o purchase_v any_o of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n for_o a_o just_a and_o true_a cause_n than_o the_o right_o be_v not_o quarrelable_n but_o the_o receiver_n be_v only_o liable_a to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n 3._o the_o fraud_n be_v probable_a by_o writ_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n 4._o if_o the_o creditor_n have_v do_v diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o bankrupt_a can_v in_o prejudice_v of_o these_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n dispone_v voluntary_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o defraud_v that_o diligence_n in_o favour_n of_o another_o concreditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n or_o posterior_n diligence_n or_o in_o favour_n of_o any_o interpose_a person_n to_o their_o behoof_n and_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n it_o be_v not_o consider_v whether_o the_o interpose_a person_n be_v a_o person_n conjunct_a or_o not_o 5._o the_o bankrupt_n the_o interpose_a person_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v assist_v they_o in_o advise_v or_o practise_v these_o fraud_n be_v declare_v infamous_a conform_v to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n etc._n etc._n because_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la bear_n that_o they_o have_v in_o this_o act_n follow_v the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n we_o may_v just_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v â—â—t_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n understand_v exact_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o great_a foundation_n of_o our_o law_n and_o form_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o robert_n lesly_v heir_n be_v by_o the_o 69._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n ja._n 5._o ordain_v to_o be_v forefault_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o treason_n commit_v by_o their_o father_n according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o forfaultor_n in_o absence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o anno_fw-la 1669._o because_o it_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o falsehood_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v punish_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n act_n 22._o par._n 5._o q._n m._n and_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v our_o rule_n where_o our_o own_o statute_n and_o custom_n be_v silent_a or_o deficient_a be_v clear_a from_o our_o own_o lawyer_n as_o skeen_n annot._fw-la ad_fw-la l._n 1._o r._n m._n c._n 7._o ver_fw-la 2._o and_o by_o craig_n l._n 1._o diagoras_n 2._o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o historian_n leslie_n l._n 1._o cap._n leg._n scotor_n boet._n l._n 9_o hist._n camer_n de_fw-fr scot._n doctr._n l._n 2._o cap._n 4._o and_o the_o same_o be_v record_v of_o we_o by_o the_o historian_n and_o lawyer_n of_o other_o nation_n as_o forâ—aâ—_n lib._n 7._o the_o gall_n imper_v polid._n lib._n 1._o hist._n angl._n petr._n dâ—_n amitis_fw-la geograph_n europe_n do_fw-mi di_fw-it escosse_fw-la and_o duck_n the_o auth_v jur_fw-fr civ_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 10._o and_o though_o the_o roman_n have_v some_o custom_n or_o form_n peculiar_a to_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n yet_o their_o law_n in_o undecided_a case_n be_v of_o universal_a use_n and_o as_o boet._n well_o observe_v leges_fw-la romanas_fw-la à _fw-la justiniano_n collect_v as_o tanta_fw-la ratione_fw-la &_o sermonis_fw-la venustate_fw-la esse_fw-la ut_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la natio_fw-la tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr vel_fw-la ab_fw-la humanitate_fw-la abhorâ—ens_fw-la quae_fw-la eas_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la admirata_fw-la and_o k._n ja._n 5._o be_v so_o much_o in_o
possession_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v argue_v 1._o that_o mason_n elder_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o public_a and_o unterrupted_a trade_n and_o correspondence_n with_o the_o pursuer_n the_o say_a trade_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o respect_n to_o its_o first_o beginning_n and_o the_o bond_n though_o posteriour_a to_o the_o infeftment_n yet_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v back_n ad_fw-la svam_fw-la causam_fw-la viz._n the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n from_o which_o they_o do_v result_v 2._o it_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o commerce_n in_o general_n and_o from_o this_o report_n in_o particular_a that_o former_a payment_n be_v still_o make_v the_o foundation_n of_o new_a credit_n and_o if_o the_o make_n of_o such_o right_n during_o the_o dependence_n of_o such_o a_o continue_a trade_n be_v allow_v in_o favour_n of_o child_n no_o merchand_n will_v give_v trust_n or_o if_o they_o give_v they_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o it_o both_o which_o will_v be_v equal_o destructive_a to_o trade_n 3._o if_o we_o consider_v the_o analogy_n of_o our_o law_n we_o will_v find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o consider_v a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a trade_n as_o very_o privilege_v in_o many_o case_n and_o therefore_o though_o other_o count_v prescrive_v in_o three_o year_n yet_o that_o statute_n use_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o continue_a trade_n and_o correspondance_n and_o so_o far_o have_v privilegia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la &_o commercii_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o our_o law_n that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v allow_v though_o want_v the_o ordinary_a and_o statutary_a solemnity_n of_o witness_n and_o warrant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v sustain_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o intimation_n against_o posterior_n assignaye_v and_o arrester_n and_o annualrent_n be_v sustain_v betwixt_o merchant_n sine_fw-la pacto_fw-la vel_fw-la lege_fw-la and_o a_o bill_n subscribe_v only_o by_o a_o mark_n without_o either_o the_o subscryver_n entire_a name_n or_o the_o initial_a letter_n of_o it_o be_v sustain_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v in_o use_n so_o to_o subscribe_v 4._o by_o the_o common_a law_n actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la be_v extend_v even_o to_o posterior_n creditor_n where_o animus_n fraudandi_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o the_o alienation_n do_v appear_v either_o by_o writ_n or_o presumption_n which_o be_v enumerate_v by_o jason_n ad_fw-la inst_n hic_fw-mi and_o be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o presumption_n former_o condescend_v on_o and_o if_o the_o common_a law_n and_o natural_a reason_n allow_v this_o remedy_n in_o the_o case_n of_o debt_n absolute_o posterior_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o pursuit_n depend_v on_o a_o prior_n cause_n and_o be_v the_o result_n and_o product_v of_o a_o correspondence_n enter_v into_o before_o grant_v of_o the_o son_n infeftment_n 5._o the_o father_n have_v no_o estate_n before_o this_o correspondance_n and_o have_v draw_v fraudent_o into_o his_o hand_n the_o pursuer_n good_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o buy_v the_o land_n law_n and_o reason_n presume_v that_o the_o price_n of_o their_o good_n do_v pay_v the_o price_n of_o their_o land_n and_o that_o therefore_o this_o land_n ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o burden_v with_o their_o debt_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v 1._o that_o though_o the_o common_a law_n do_v allow_v actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la to_o posterior_n creditor_n yet_o that_o be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n where_o the_o receiver_n of_o such_o right_n be_v participes_fw-la fraudis_fw-la which_o can_v be_v allege_v here_o since_o the_o son_n be_v minor_fw-la nec_fw-la doli_fw-la capax_fw-la and_o that_o especial_o be_v introduce_v in_o odium_fw-la of_o the_o collusion_n it_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o case_n where_o no_o collusion_n can_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o receiver_n part_n 2._o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v found_v upon_o personal_a trust_n and_o merchant_n follow_v the_o faith_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o trade_v without_o ever_o consider_v what_o real_a estate_n they_o have_v so_o that_o their_o pursuer_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v cheat_v in_o their_o expectation_n since_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v furnish_v their_o good_n in_o contemplation_n of_o the_o real_a estate_n now_o controvert_v 3._o either_o their_o pursuer_n do_v search_v the_o register_n or_o not_o if_o they_o do_v not_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la non_fw-la vigilarunt_fw-la and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o the_o son_n be_v infeft_v his_o infeftment_n be_v registrate_n and_o though_o the_o minut-book_n do_v not_o specify_v whether_o the_o seize_v be_v grant_v to_o mason_n elder_a or_o young_a yet_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v search_v the_o minut-book_n itself_o whereof_o this_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v but_o a_o index_n and_o the_o son_n not_o have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la can_v not_o have_v be_v prejudge_v by_o any_o cheat_n or_o contrivance_n of_o his_o father_n for_o the_o jus_o quesitum_fw-la to_o he_o by_o the_o infeftment_n sine_fw-la facto_fw-la svo_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la auferri_fw-la nequit_fw-la 4._o the_o pursuer_n do_v innovat_fw-la their_o account_n by_o take_v bond_n for_o the_o product_n and_o mason_n have_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o former_a account_n and_o trade_n so_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n he_o be_v not_o their_o debtor_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o prior_n trade_n and_o the_o pursuer_n be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o merchant_n but_o as_o common_a creditor_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a consequence_n to_o make_v debt_n that_o be_v innovate_v retain_v all_o the_o privilege_n that_o they_o have_v ante_fw-la jnnovationem_fw-la &_o pernovationem_fw-la prio_fw-la obligatio_fw-la perimitur_fw-la â—_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr novationibus_fw-la 5._o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o mason_n have_v other_o trade_n which_o will_v have_v furnish_v he_o the_o price_n of_o the_o land_n and_o that_o he_o be_v loser_n by_o the_o pursuer_n trade_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o common_a law_n do_v only_o consider_v participes_fw-la fraudis_fw-la in_o order_n to_o another_o effect_n viz._n if_o the_o alienation_n be_v ex_fw-la causa_fw-la onerosa_fw-la than_o the_o alienation_n can_v not_o have_v be_v reduce_v unless_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la but_o where_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la causa_fw-la mere_a lucrativa_fw-la as_o in_o this_o case_n fraus_fw-la in_o eventu_fw-la be_v sufficient_a and_o even_o here_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o own_o son_n who_o be_v in_o familia_fw-la the_o son_n be_v in_o as_o ill_a condition_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la nor_o can_v he_o plead_v the_o same_o benefit_n as_o a_o stranger_n contract_a bonafide_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n the_o lord_n do_v reduce_v the_o disposition_n as_o be_v make_v to_o the_o son_n by_o the_o father_n who_o be_v a_o merchant_n during_o his_o public_a trade_n and_o correspondance_n which_o disposition_n can_v have_v no_o other_o rational_a design_n but_o to_o cheat_v creditor_n the_o father_n not_o have_v so_o much_o as_o reserve_v himself_o a_o liferent_a or_o power_n to_o redeem_v but_o since_o the_o lord_n declare_v that_o this_o decision_n proceed_v upon_o all_o these_o ground_n joint_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v extend_v to_o other_o case_n and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o public_a interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n have_v be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n thereof_o but_o yet_o not_o upon_o this_o act_n and_o statute_n but_o upon_o the_o general_a ground_n of_o fraud_n infer_v by_o most_o pregnant_a qualification_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o decision_n betwixt_o pot_n and_o pollock_n 12._o feb._n 1669._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v this_o john_n pollock_n be_v creditor_n to_o his_o wife_n of_o a_o second_o marriage_n for_o her_o life-rent_a provision_n and_o to_o other_o to_o who_o he_o owe_v money_n they_o apprise_v his_o estate_n and_o assign_v their_o right_n to_o pot_n who_o thereupon_o intent_v reduction_n of_o a_o band_n grant_v by_o the_o defunct_a to_o james_n pollock_n his_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n for_o 5000._o mark_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v first_o that_o this_o band_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o own_o son_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o not_o be_v creditor_n when_o this_o band_n be_v grant_v this_o act_n of_o parliament_n allow_v they_o no_o reduction_n of_o it_o for_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o prior_n creditor_n and_o since_o his_o father_n may_v have_v gift_v away_o his_o estate_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o even_o that_o gift_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v by_o posterior_n
least_o that_o each_o child_n become_v creditor_n to_o he_o and_o so_o something_o be_v due_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o consequent_o he_o defraud_v they_o by_o his_o dispon_n all_o to_o to_o any_o one_o but_o for_o the_o other_o sister_n to_o who_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o father_n be_v debtor_n only_o to_o the_o bairn_n of_o that_o marriage_n tanquam_fw-la stirpi_fw-la and_o so_o he_o satisfy_v his_o obligation_n by_o dispone_v his_o land_n worth_a that_o sum_n to_o any_o one_o of_o they_o but_o be_v not_o debtor_n to_o they_o in_o capita_fw-la 2._o the_o design_n of_o the_o party_n contracter_n in_o such_o case_n be_v only_o to_o secure_v the_o sum_n to_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o marriage_n without_o consideration_n of_o any_o division_n for_o this_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o secure_v against_o child_n of_o other_o marriage_n but_o not_o to_o secure_v one_o child_n against_o another_o and_o there_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o father_n in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o 3._o this_o restriction_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o father_n patria_fw-la potestas_fw-la and_o the_o law_n be_v never_o jealous_a of_o the_o father_n affection_n but_o presume_v that_o his_o division_n will_v be_v just_a and_o what_o judge_n shall_v be_v just_a to_o child_n then_o a_o father_n 4._o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o restrain_v or_o take_v away_o the_o father_n power_n of_o distribution_n in_o such_o case_n which_o be_v the_o great_a curb_n that_o the_o father_n have_v upon_o his_o child_n for_o make_v they_o good_a child_n or_o good_a citizen_n and_o be_v it_o not_o against_o reason_n that_o if_o the_o two_o sister_n have_v be_v very_o vicious_a and_o the_o three_o most_o virtuous_a that_o the_o father_n shall_v have_v be_v so_o bind_v up_o that_o he_o can_v not_o gratify_v the_o one_o or_o that_o he_o behove_v to_o provide_v the_o other_o with_o money_n to_o serve_v their_o lust_n 5._o it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o provide_v express_o that_o the_o money_n so_o provide_v to_o the_o child_n shall_v be_v divide_v as_o the_o father_n please_v and_o the_o law_n use_v to_o decide_v general_a case_n according_a to_o what_o be_v ordinary_o pactioned_a presume_v that_o to_o be_v the_o tacit_n will_v of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v ordinary_o the_o express_a will_n of_o other_o party_n likeas_n if_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v among_o the_o party_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v subscribe_v who_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o power_n of_o division_n certain_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n to_o which_o last_o i_o incline_v except_o it_o can_v be_v allege_v that_o all_o be_v equal_o deserve_v and_o that_o the_o father_n or_o child_n prefer_v have_v use_v indirect_a mean_n in_o prefer_v one_o to_o the_o rest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o testament_n quarela_fw-la testamenti_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la si_fw-la with_o we_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v some_o place_n perhaps_o for_o the_o judge_n to_o interpose_v in_o such_o case_n i_o find_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n a_o father_n dispone_v to_o one_o child_n a_o necessary_a portion_n be_v not_o say_v to_o defraud_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n to_o who_o he_o dispone_v former_o nam_fw-la hoc_fw-la potius_fw-la tribuendum_fw-la pietati_fw-la quam_fw-la fraudi_fw-la and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o for_o this_o reason_n libertus_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la patroni_fw-la filie_n dotem_fw-la constituere_fw-la poterat_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o sed_fw-la si_fw-la ff_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o fraud_n patro_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o we_o in_o all_o case_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v it_o have_v be_v likewise_o debate_v whether_o provision_n by_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n in_o their_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v such_o onerous_a cause_n as_o may_v defend_v the_o child_n against_o reduction_n upon_o this_o act_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o crave_v disposition_n make_v to_o they_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o these_o obligation_n to_o be_v reduce_v for_o upon_o the_o one_o part_n it_o seem_v that_o since_o they_o be_v creditor_n who_o may_v pursue_v and_o distress_n their_o father_n therefore_o their_o father_n may_v dispone_v his_o estate_n and_o this_o be_v both_o a_o necessary_a and_o a_o prior_n debt_n and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o act_n which_o declare_v only_o such_o right_n reduceable_a as_o be_v grant_v without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n and_o provision_n of_o child_n by_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v the_o ordinary_a allowable_a remedy_n grant_v to_o such_o as_o pay_v tocher_n with_o their_o daughter_n or_o provide_v their_o son_n desire_v to_o see_v their_o grand_a child_n thus_o secure_v but_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v very_o hard_a that_o such_o latent_fw-la deed_n as_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o creditor_n can_v know_v shall_v be_v sustain_v as_o onerous_a cause_n to_o seclude_v they_o and_o that_o the_o debtor_n own_o child_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o creditor_n and_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o debate_n as_o to_o this_o point_n where_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n because_o there_o the_o heir_n must_v represent_v the_o grant_a and_o so_o can_v reduce_v his_o deed_n so_o where_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n yet_o creditor_n be_v prefer_v to_o they_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bannerman_n of_o elsick_n contra_fw-la haystoun_n but_o upon_o the_o 3._o july_n 1673._o in_o a_o action_n gordon_n contra_fw-la fraser_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o a_o right_n to_o movable_n make_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o child_n be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o posterior_n creditor_n though_o it_o be_v make_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o mother_n contract_n of_o marriage_n except_o the_o child_n will_v allege_v that_o the_o father_n be_v not_o bankrupt_a but_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o pay_v the_o pursuer_n for_o they_o think_v it_o much_o more_o reasonable_a that_o the_o child_n shall_v loose_v by_o their_o father_n than_o the_o creditor_n it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o a_o right_o make_v by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n in_o law_n for_o a_o tocher_n be_v reduceable_a by_o a_o anterior_a creditor_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v in_o all_o case_n man_n may_v easy_o prefer_v their_o child_n to_o their_o creditor_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o at_o least_o the_o right_a so_o make_v shall_v only_o be_v esteem_v onerous_a in_o quantum_fw-la it_o extend_v to_o such_o a_o value_n as_o may_v be_v a_o suitable_a tocher_n for_o such_o a_o man_n daughter_n or_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_n onerous_a in_o so_o far_o as_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o joyntur_fw-la give_v by_o the_o husband_n or_o to_o the_o aliment_n that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v upon_o her_o stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la though_o he_o be_v by_o contract_n oblige_v to_o no_o joyntur_fw-la nor_o have_v any_o joyntur_fw-la to_o give_v she_o et_fw-fr it_z a_o do_v est_fw-la titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la mariti_fw-la quiâ—_n datur_fw-la pro_fw-la oneribus_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la sustinendis_fw-la l._n pro._n oneribus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr dot_v sed_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la uxoris_fw-la do_v est_fw-la titulus_fw-la lucrativus_fw-la l._n quâ—_n liberos_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la nuptiar_fw-la l._n sin_n c._n the_o dotie_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basilic_n l._n 25._o s._n 1._o hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n a_o joyntur_fw-la to_o the_o wife_n be_v titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la in_o swa_o far_o as_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o husband_n estate_n as_o be_v find_v novemb_n 1665._o contra_fw-la russel_n but_o if_o the_o husband_n shall_v dispone_v all_o his_o opulent_a estate_n to_o his_o wife_n as_o a_o joyntur_fw-la i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o three_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o prior_n creditor_n both_o because_o a_o tierce_n be_v the_o provision_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o wife_n if_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n and_o so_o be_v the_o legal_a quota_fw-la and_o because_o right_n make_v by_o a_o man_n upon_o death_n bed_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o heir_n be_v restrict_v to_o a_o tierce_n but_o if_o the_o contract_n bearâ—_n the_o land_n to_o be_v dispone_v to_o the_o son_n in_o law_n for_o love_n and_o favour_n that_o narative_a prove_v titulum_fw-la lucra_fw-la tivum_fw-la though_o real_o no_o other_o tocher_n be_v bestow_v and_o though_o a_o jointure_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v betwixt_o graham_n and_o stewart_n how_o far_o a_o wife_n be_v creditrix_fw-la by_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n and_o may_v reduce_v posterior_n deed_n as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o it_o be_v debateable_a in_o many_o case_n
prove_v itself_o it_o seem_v likewise_o that_o if_o the_o party_n who_o make_v the_o right_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o debt_n otherwise_o that_o then_o the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o strict_a and_o though_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o receiver_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v as_o a_o full_a probation_n yet_o if_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n have_v in_o any_o former_a pursuit_n be_v force_v to_o depon_n upon_o the_o onerousness_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o oath_n ought_v to_o purge_v any_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n for_o though_o that_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o bind_v any_o other_o than_o the_o person_n who_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n there_o as_o what_o be_v inter_fw-la alios_fw-la acta_fw-la quae_fw-la aliis_fw-la non_fw-la nocet_fw-la yet_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v put_v to_o swear_v aught_o to_o have_v this_o advantage_n also_o as_o he_o have_v that_o trouble_n and_o that_o oath_n be_v upon_o the_o same_o subject-matter_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v still_o much_o respect_v especial_o since_o this_o oath_n be_v only_o require_v to_o clear_v the_o judge_n as_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o as_o to_o the_o onerousness_n of_o the_o cause_n whether_o a_o disposition_n procure_v by_o a_o tutor_n to_o his_o pupil_n may_v be_v quarrel_v as_o grant_v in_o defraud_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o how_o the_o fraud_n may_v be_v prove_v in_o that_o case_n may_v be_v doubt_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o no_o man_n right_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o some_o act_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o tutor_n oath_n can_v prejudge_v his_o pupil_n for_o a_o tutor_n may_v make_v his_o pupil_n condition_n better_o but_o can_v make_v it_o worse_o and_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v two_o distinct_a case_n consider_v here_o one_o be_v if_o the_o disposition_n be_v grant_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o such_o disposition_n may_v be_v quarrel_v for_o if_o the_o minor_a can_v instruct_v a_o onerous_a cause_n his_o disposition_n be_v null_a and_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o this_o betwixt_o major_n and_o minor_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v l._n 6._o §_o 10._o h._n t._n si_fw-mi quod_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillo_fw-la gestem_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la labeâ—_n art_n omnino_fw-la revocandum_fw-la esse_fw-la quia_fw-la pupilli_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la captiosa_fw-la creditoribus_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la lucrosa_fw-la which_o agree_v with_o l._n 6._o §_o 6._o basil._n h._n t._n though_o it_o be_v the_o more_o general_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o case_n be_v when_o the_o tutor_n pay_v a_o price_n in_o the_o pupil_n name_n but_o know_v it_o be_v grant_v to_o defraud_v the_o disponner_n creditor_n it_o seem_v that_o though_o a_o tutor_n can_v depone_v upon_o right_n not_o acquire_v by_o the_o tutor_n himself_o yet_o in_o right_n acquire_v by_o himself_o he_o may_v depone_v and_o his_o oath_n acknowledge_v the_o the_o fraud_n shall_v annul_v the_o pupil_n right_o acquire_v by_o his_o tutor_n for_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la sequi_fw-la debit_fw-la incommodum_fw-la and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n the_o poor_a creditor_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o insert_v the_o pupil_n name_n but_o he_o ought_v to_o pursue_v his_o tutor_n but_o yet_o i_o incline_v rather_o to_o think_v that_o if_o any_o tutor_n know_v that_o such_o a_o debtor_n be_v to_o defraud_v his_o creditor_n do_v lend_v out_o my_o money_n to_o buy_v land_n in_o my_o name_n that_o though_o his_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n may_v have_v annul_v this_o right_n if_o it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o person_n yet_o his_o fraud_n be_v mere_o personal_a can_v prejudge_v i_o who_o be_v innocent_a no_o more_o then_o if_o my_o factor_n shall_v collude_v with_o such_o a_o debtor_n will_v his_o collusion_n prejudge_v i_o and_o so_o neither_o of_o their_o oath_n can_v prove_v against_o i_o for_o their_o fraud_n be_v not_o relevant_a against_o i_o except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v receive_v advantage_n by_o the_o fraud_n of_o my_o tutor_n or_o factor_n in_o which_o case_n deed_n either_o do_v by_o the_o minor_n self_n or_o by_o his_o tutor_n be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n l._n 10._o s._n 3._o basil._n h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o minor_n sell_v any_o land_n in_o defraud_n of_o their_o creditor_n then_o if_o they_o sell_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o tutor_n or_o curator_n the_o alienation_n will_v be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n and_o so_o need_v not_o be_v reduce_v but_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o tutor_n and_o curator_n though_o it_o be_v reduceable_a upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n yet_o the_o minor_n creditor_n can_v raise_v a_o reduction_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la captic_a for_o that_o reason_n be_v personal_a nec_fw-la egreditur_fw-la personam_fw-la minoris_fw-la but_o the_o creditor_n in_o this_o case_n must_v comprise_v the_o right_n or_o action_n competent_a to_o the_o minor_a and_o as_o have_v right_o to_o the_o action_n in_o manner_n foresaid_a he_o may_v reduce_v the_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o minor_n whether_o a_o defender_n in_o their_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la fraudis_fw-la may_v be_v force_v to_o depone_v whether_o he_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la my_o be_v doubt_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o can_v for_o he_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n by_o this_o statute_n diffames_fw-la all_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o by_o our_o law_n no_o man_n be_v oblige_v jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la but_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la obliegede_v party_n to_o be_v examine_v upon_o their_o accession_n to_o such_o contrivance_n 7_o febr._n 1673._o dame_n elisabeth_n burnet_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n fraser_n and_o even_o in_o improbation_n they_o examine_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o party_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v author_n though_o the_o hazard_n be_v great_a there_o then_o in_o their_o reduction_n and_o see_v reason_n of_o circumvention_n be_v refer_v to_o oath_n why_o may_v not_o the_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v refer_v to_o oath_n if_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n declare_v that_o the_o deponer_n oath_n shall_v not_o infer_v infamiam_fw-la juris_fw-la against_o he_o which_o be_v a_o criminal_a punishment_n without_o which_o be_v secure_v to_o he_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o depone_v it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o action_n of_o reduction_n found_v upon_o this_o act_n against_o such_o as_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v because_o this_o be_v a_o cheat_n which_o the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o maintain_v nor_o assist_v and_o this_o shall_v no_o more_o prescrive_v then_o actio_fw-la falsi_fw-la do_v whereof_o this_o cheat_n seem_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o which_o at_o least_o it_o do_v much_o resemble_v and_o by_o the_o cannon_n law_n which_o as_o craig_n observe_v we_o prefer_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o scotland_n where_o matter_n of_o conscience_n be_v consider_v he_o who_o be_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la can_v prescrive_v 6._o sin_n de_fw-fr prescript_n and_o to_o allow_v the_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n a_o security_n of_o prescription_n be_v to_o tempt_v he_o to_o cheat_v notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o certain_o all_o action_n upon_o this_o act_n will_v prescrive_v for_o neither_o our_o act_n 28._o par._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o appoint_v the_o prescription_n of_o movable_a right_n nor_o the_o act_n 1617._o which_o introduce_v prescription_n in_o heritable_a right_n make_v any_o exception_n in_o favour_n of_o this_o action_n and_o our_o law_n be_v desireous_a to_o secure_v all_o person_n in_o general_a have_v draw_v these_o act_n very_o comprehensive_o &_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la such_o as_o be_v prejudge_v who_o suffer_v so_o much_o time_n to_o elapse_v without_o diligence_n likeas_n the_o civil_a law_n which_o consider_v malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessores_fw-la with_o a_o very_a unfavourable_a eye_n do_v allow_v the_o benefit_n of_o even_o 30_o year_n prescription_n malâ—_n fidei_fw-la possessori_fw-la for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o be_v clear_a c._n de_fw-fr prescript_n 30._o &_o 40._o annor_fw-la and_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n guid._n pap._n quest_n 199._o and_o though_o we_o observe_v the_o cannon_n law_n in_o case_n of_o marriage_n teind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o be_v somewhat_o ecclesiastical_a by_o their_o own_o nature_n yet_o in_o prescription_n which_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o that_o excellent_a law_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v convert_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n profit_n and_o use_v another_o presumption_n
and_o belong_v to_o the_o fisk._n it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v if_o in_o these_o reduction_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v to_o restore_v what_o be_v dispone_v to_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o whether_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v they_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n or_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n or_o from_o the_o citation_n the_o civil_a law_n l._n 25._o §_o 4._o f._n h._n t._n ordain_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o be_v restore_v but_o the_o fruit_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o alienation_n and_o these_o which_o be_v reap_v after_o the_o action_n be_v intent_a non_fw-la solum_fw-la autem_fw-la rem_fw-la ipsam_fw-la restitui_fw-la oportet_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o fructus_fw-la qui_fw-la alienationis_fw-la tempore_fw-la terrae_fw-la eohaerent_fw-la quia_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o bonis_fw-la fraudatoris_fw-la item_n eos_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la recepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la medio_fw-la autem_fw-la tempore_fw-la preceptos_fw-la in_o restitutionem_fw-la non_fw-la venire_fw-la but_o the_o basilick_n differ_v somewhat_o for_o they_o say_v qui_fw-la post_fw-la litem_fw-la contestatem_fw-la percepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la as_o fabrot_n translate_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o these_o may_v be_v reconcile_v because_o though_o in_o our_o law_n litiscontestation_n be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o point_n in_o jure_fw-la and_o the_o assign_v a_o day_n to_o either_o party_n to_o prove_v whereupon_o a_o act_n be_v extract_v yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n litiscontestation_n be_v make_v how_o soon_o the_o defender_n deny_v the_o thing_n crave_v and_o so_o judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la differ_v little_a with_o they_o from_o litiscontestation_n our_o senate_n observe_v as_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o all_o reduction_n to_o decern_v fruit_n to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o possessor_n know_v that_o his_o right_n be_v not_o valid_a and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v palpable_o unjust_a they_o use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o not_o from_o the_o citation_n upon_o the_o first_o summons_n because_o these_o be_v but_o indorsation_n where_o copy_n be_v seldom_o true_o give_v and_o so_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o thereby_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la this_o be_v so_o decide_v howison_n contra_fw-la grace_n february_n 1672._o and_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o authorise_v the_o belief_n that_o citation_n upon_o first_o summons_n may_v be_v false_a whereas_o since_o the_o law_n command_v they_o it_o ought_v to_o believe_v they_o and_o so_o punish_v the_o forger_n rather_o than_o discredit_v the_o form_n if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o a_o debateable_a point_n they_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o that_o nullity_n be_v not_o clear_a till_o then_o v_o g._n if_o a_o disposition_n be_v quarrel_v as_o make_v to_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o brother_n in_o law_n if_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o statute_n to_o extend_v to_o brother_n in_o law_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o after_o that_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o nullity_n of_o his_o own_o right_n though_o before_o he_o may_v have_v doubt_v but_o if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o extrinsic_a probation_n which_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o know_v before_o sentence_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v deny_v by_o act_n of_o litiscontestation_n that_o the_o debtor_n become_v and_o be_v insolvent_a the_o defender_n can_v not_o be_v in_o malafide_fw-la till_o this_o be_v find_v prove_v and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v liable_a in_o fructus_fw-la till_o sentence_n i_o conceive_v that_o these_o general_n may_v be_v likewise_o particular_o apply_v to_o this_o statute_n by_o consider_v three_o different_a case_n relative_a to_o the_o three_o different_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n by_o which_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n in_o defraud_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n be_v so_o reduceable_a that_o the_o alienation_n be_v reduce_v the_o fruit_n extant_a be_v to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o by-gone_a profit_n or_o fruit_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o from_o the_o date_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o 1._o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n all_o such_o alienation_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_a from_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v but_o so_o it_o be_v if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v the_o possessor_n behove_v to_o have_v restore_v all_o the_o fruit_n whether_o extent_n or_o not_o and_o even_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o possession_n 2._o this_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a for_o the_o law_n have_v dicharge_v such_o alienation_n he_o who_o contract_v in_o spite_n of_o or_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o and_o if_o the_o debtor_n may_v thus_o prejudge_v his_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o prejudice_n to_o they_o to_o want_v the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o debtor_n estate_n from_o the_o alienation_n till_o the_o time_n of_o intent_v a_o action_n which_o poverty_n or_o absence_n ignorance_n or_o latency_n of_o the_o deed_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o intent_v and_o which_o may_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o be_v it_o not_o absurd_a that_o a_o gratuitous_a disposition_n of_o a_o estate_n often_o thousand_o mark_n by_o year_n shall_v carry_v the_o receiver_n to_o five_o or_o six_o year_n rent_n extend_v to_o 50000._o mark_n because_o these_o rent_n be_v intromet_v with_o prior_n to_o the_o intent_v of_o any_o action_n of_o reduction_n and_o yet_o the_o estate_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o many_o poor_a creditor_n who_o be_v pursuer_n of_o the_o reduction_n the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v to_o one_o who_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la and_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v even_o all_o the_o profit_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o alienation_n whether_o they_o be_v fruit_n occasion_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n or_o bring_v forth_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n possess_v for_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n and_o such_o be_v still_o discern_v to_o restore_v all_o fructus_fw-la extantes_fw-la rei_fw-la vindicatione_n &_o consumptos_fw-la conditione_n sine_fw-la causa_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr condict_v ex_fw-la leg_n nor_o ought_v he_o in_o reason_n to_o reap_v advantage_n by_o his_o own_o cheat_n and_o as_o he_o can_v blame_v the_o law_n for_o severity_n to_o he_o since_o he_o occasion_v his_o own_o loss_n so_o the_o creditor_n may_v complain_v that_o such_o as_o cheat_v the_o law_n and_o he_o be_v enrich_v by_o his_o loss_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v because_o he_o not_o know_v but_o these_o profit_n be_v his_o own_o think_v he_o may_v live_v according_o this_o reason_n be_v want_v in_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n for_o he_o know_v that_o these_o profit_n belong_v to_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v spend_v they_o and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n be_v reduceable_a by_o this_o act_n as_o fraudulent_a and_o therefore_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v call_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n in_o no_o case_n for_o nothing_o be_v so_o contrair_a to_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la as_o fraus_fw-la it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o disposition_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n who_o know_v neither_o that_o the_o disponer_n have_v creditor_n or_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o and_o fraus_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la as_o i_o observe_v former_o be_v not_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o creditor_n who_o get_v a_o disposition_n from_o the_o common_a debtor_n for_o payment_n of_o their_o debt_n but_o it_o be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n and_o these_o i_o think_v shall_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o reason_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o dispon_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n for_o since_o they_o be_v more_o