action_n at_o the_o laird_n of_o garthlands_n instance_n contra_fw-la sir_n james_n ker_n upon_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v refuse_v to_o reduce_v a_o infeftment_n albeit_o a_o mere_a donation_n and_o make_v likewise_o by_o the_o grandfather_n to_o his_o own_o grandchild_n and_o that_o because_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o infeftment_n be_v neither_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grant_v thereof_o bankrupt_a and_o non_fw-la solvendo_fw-la nor_o be_v he_o become_v such_o since_o neither_o have_v the_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n for_o his_o debt_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v have_v seem_v in_o reason_n that_o though_o disposition_n where_o there_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n may_v have_v be_v sustain_v there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o allow_v the_o same_o privilege_n in_o favour_n of_o confident_a person_n for_o mere_a donation_n and_o upon_o the_o 10._o february_n 1665._o the_o lord_n louvre_n have_v quarrel_v the_o lady_n craig_n infeftment_n as_o be_v a_o additional_a jointure_n grant_v betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n to_o his_o prejudice_n who_o be_v a_o creditor_n and_o have_v comprise_v the_o estate_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o disponer_n be_v neither_o bankrupt_a nor_o insolvendo_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o compriser_n sustain_v any_o prejudice_n see_v the_o lady_n be_v content_a that_o the_o lord_n louvre_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o his_o annualrent_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o comprise_v provide_v he_o will_v assign_v the_o lady_n to_o his_o comprise_v pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la that_o she_o may_v recover_v as_o much_o for_o satisfaction_n of_o her_o additional_a jointure_n which_o answer_v the_o lord_n find_v relevant_a the_o appriser_n prejudice_n be_v purge_v as_o say_v be_v but_o they_o ordain_v the_o compriser_n not_o only_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o have_v access_n to_o the_o comprise_v land_n by_o assignation_n in_o manner_n foresaid_a during_o the_o legal_a but_o they_o likewise_o declare_v that_o if_o the_o lady_n redeem_v not_o within_o the_o legal_a the_o land_n shall_v be_v irredeemable_a and_o the_o lady_n shall_v be_v total_o exclude_v which_o though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o try_a interloquetor_n do_v confirm_v the_o former_a opinion_n and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o a_o disposition_n be_v once_o valid_a when_o it_o be_v first_o grant_v can_v become_v thereafter_o null_a by_o the_o disponer_n become_v thereafter_o insolvent_a yet_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o many_o case_n in_o our_o law_n for_o we_o find_v that_o disposition_n of_o less_o than_o the_o half_a of_o ward-land_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a become_v thereafter_o null_a if_o as_o much_o of_o that_o barony_n be_v thereafter_o dispone_v as_o will_v amout_v to_o more_o than_o the_o half_a but_o in_o my_o opinion_n though_o the_o rubric_n of_o our_o statute_n may_v found_v a_o presumptive_a argument_n for_o explicate_v the_o text_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o authoritative_a for_o the_o rubric_n be_v not_o read_v in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v add_v to_o the_o law_n after_o it_o be_v past_a careless_o without_o debate_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n the_o legislative_a power_n of_o scotland_n consist_v in_o the_o parliament_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n and_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n and_o though_o some_o think_v it_o more_o proper_a in_o our_o law_n to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o estate_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o all_o the_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o the_o 18._o par._n ja_n 6_o then_o to_o say_v our_o sovereign_a lord_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n etc._n etc._n yet_o i_o conceive_v the_o king_n statute_n and_o they_o but_o consent_n though_o their_o consent_n be_v necessary_a for_o his_o touch_v they_o with_o the_o sceptre_n and_o not_o the_o be_v vote_v make_v they_o law_n and_o in_o england_n the_o king_n statute_n with_o consent_n of_o parliament_n and_o upon_o their_o supplication_n and_o therefore_o i_o understand_v not_o craig_n who_o diagoras_n 8._o affirm_v statute_n to_o be_v constitutiones_fw-la trium_fw-la regni_fw-la ordinum_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la principis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v just_a to_o invert_v the_o statutory_a word_n of_o this_o and_o many_o other_o acts._n our_o old_a act_n be_v all_o past_a the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o parliament_n do_v not_o express_v the_o statute_a power_n in_o every_o act_n for_o in_o effect_n they_o be_v all_o but_o branch_n of_o one_o act_n and_o run_v item_n that_o etc._n etc._n and_o many_o of_o these_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o parliament_n and_o the_o king_n forbid_v as_o acts._n 13._o 14._o 1_o par._n ja._n 1._o which_o intimat_n that_o though_o the_o parliament_n statute_n suffragando_fw-la &_o consentiendo_fw-la yet_o the_o king_n only_o do_v statute_n sanciendo_fw-la &_o prohibendo_fw-la sometime_o our_o act_n bear_v it_o be_v statute_n by_o the_o hail_n parliament_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v without_o mention_v either_o king_n or_o parliament_n sometime_o also_o they_o bear_v the_o determination_n of_o parliament_n without_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v either_o where_o the_o king_n be_v to_o perform_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o 23._o act_n par._n 1._o ja._n 1._o it_o be_v statute_n and_o ordain_v that_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n shall_v gar_fw-mi mend_v his_o money_n and_o by_o the_o 6_o act_n 3_o par._n ja._n 2._o the_o estate_n have_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v ride_v through_o the_o realm_n or_o else_o when_o the_o estate_n be_v only_o to_o grant_v what_o be_v statute_v as_o in_o commission_n grant_v for_o unite_n the_o two_o kingdom_n but_o i_o find_v one_o statute_n bear_v the_o king_n statute_v without_o mention_v the_o estate_n of_o parliament_n viz._n act_n 19_o sess._n 1._o par._n 1._o ch._n 2._o but_o this_o be_v but_o mere_a inadvertance_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v a_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v original_o a_o act_n pass_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n when_o they_o do_v sit_v judicial_o at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o their_o book_n of_o sederunt_fw-la such_o and_o such_o man_n do_v sit_v thus_o the_o hebrew_n disign_v the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n by_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o we_o still_o mark_v the_o law_n from_o the_o first_o word_n and_o thus_o the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n be_v call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la because_o they_o begin_v so_o his_o majesty_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n do_v allow_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n to_o conclude_v upon_o sick_a rule_n statute_n and_o ordinance_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v by_o they_o expedient_a to_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o proceed_v at_o all_o time_n as_o they_o devise_v conform_v to_o reason_n equity_n and_o justice_n his_o grace_n shall_v ratify_v and_o approve_v the_o same_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o 43._o act_n 5._o par._n ja._n 5._o to_o the_o which_o act_n i_o think_v this_o act_n relate_v but_o it_o will_v appear_v both_o by_o that_o act_n and_o by_o the_o power_n as_o here_o repeat_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v only_a power_n to_o make_v order_n relate_v to_o the_o regulation_n of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o to_o the_o form_n of_o process_n for_o this_o be_v indeed_o necessary_a for_o explication_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o possible_o be_v employ_v in_o their_o very_a constitution_n without_o any_o express_a warrant_n arg_v l_o 2._o ff_n de_fw-fr jurisdict_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o general_a power_n can_v authorise_v they_o to_o make_v statute_n and_o act_n relate_v to_o the_o material_a distribution_n of_o justice_n such_o as_o that_o all_o writ_n shall_v be_v null_a except_o subscribe_v before_o witness_n though_o they_o may_v have_v ordain_v that_o paper_n under_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o own_o clerk_n shall_v be_v so_o subscribe_v for_o if_o they_o can_v make_v statute_n as_o to_o any_o thing_n else_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o their_o own_o house_n there_o need_v no_o parliament_n for_o their_o statute_n may_v bind_v all_o the_o people_n in_o all_o thing_n and_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o by_o this_o argument_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n can_v not_o have_v make_v this_o law_n declare_v contract_n among_o the_o liege_n to_o be_v null_a that_o touch_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o fundamental_o of_o humane_a society_n albeit_o they_o may_v have_v declare_v such_o a_o nullity_n receiveable_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n for_o that_o concern_v only_o form_n of_o process_n but_o the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v that_o the_o lord_n in_o make_v this_o act_n do_v not_o introduce_v jus_o novum_fw-la a_o new_a law_n but_o only_o adapt_v to_o our_o practice_n the_o old_a roman_a or_o civil_a law_n which_o they_o may_v have_v follow_v in_o their_o decision_n without_o make_v any_o new_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la as_o they_o do_v in_o most_o case_n where_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v found_v upon_o equity_n as_o here_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o either_o our_o former_a practice_n or_o constitution_n and_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n both_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o the_o parliament_n do_v in_o this_o statute_n declare_v that_o their_o say_a act_n shall_v extend_v to_o cause_n depend_v or_o to_o be_v intent_a whereas_o statue_n regular_o be_v extend_v only_o to_o future_a case_n except_o where_o the_o act_n declare_v what_o be_v law_n former_o
i_o observe_v former_o that_o it_o be_v make_v to_o prejudge_v creditor_n and_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a that_o a_o mere_a gift_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o poor_a creditor_n this_o be_v find_v the_o 18._o november_n 1669._o henderson_n contra_fw-la henderson_n albeit_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v that_o this_o act_n declare_v such_o deed_n only_o reduceable_a as_o be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n for_o though_o this_o statute_n make_v that_o a_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n yet_o it_o exclude_v not_o other_o presumption_n such_o as_o be_v in_o this_o c_o 〈…〉_z viz._n that_o it_o be_v assignatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la and_o that_o it_o bear_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o a_o cause_n false_o narrate_v viz._n for_o the_o sum_n of_o two_o thousand_o mark_n due_a by_o howat_n the_o common_a debtor_n to_o anderson_n whereas_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o discharge_v under_o howat_n own_o hand_n that_o the_o far_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sum_n be_v pay_v before_o the_o disposition_n since_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o statute_n annul_v deed_n only_o do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n it_o will_v seem_v that_o such_o right_n when_o make_v to_o other_o who_o be_v not_o conjunct_a nor_o confident_a be_v not_o reduceable_a and_o yet_o de_fw-la praxi_fw-la all_o right_n make_v to_o any_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o a_o onerous_a or_o necessary_a cause_n be_v reduceable_a by_o this_o statute_n and_o our_o law_n consider_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n and_o other_o only_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o way_n of_o probation_n so_o that_o these_o must_v prove_v a_o onerous_a cause_n whereas_o other_o need_v not_o this_o show_v how_o misterious_o our_o statute_n be_v conceive_v without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n etc._n etc._n titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la be_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v dispon_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o do_v or_o pay_v somewhat_o titulus_fw-la lucrativus_fw-la be_v when_o the_o deed_n be_v mere_o gratuitus_fw-la and_o proceed_v from_o mere_a favour_n the_o civil_a law_n observe_v two_o rule_n in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o onerous_a and_o lucrative_a cause_n quoad_fw-la this_o action_n the_o first_o be_v that_o this_o action_n be_v competent_a even_o against_o these_o who_o have_v receive_v such_o right_n for_o onerous_a cause_n when_o both_o the_o giver_n and_o receiver_n be_v guilty_a of_o fraud_n if_o they_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n l._n ait_fw-la praetor_n ff_n h._n t._n and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o thing_n alienate_v be_v recall_v without_o restore_v the_o price_n the_o second_o rule_n be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o right_n ex_fw-la causa_fw-la lucrativa_fw-la be_v liable_a to_o restore_v though_o he_o be_v not_o accessary_a to_o the_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n nec_fw-la particeps_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la autem_fw-la §_o ij_o ff_n eod_a our_o law_n likewise_o consider_v two_o case_n one_o be_v if_o the_o creditor_n have_v do_v no_o diligence_n and_o than_o right_n make_v to_o their_o prejudice_n be_v only_o reduceable_a if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o confident_a person_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n the_o other_o if_o the_o reducer_n have_v as_o a_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n and_o â—hen_o the_o right_n do_v to_o his_o prejudice_n be_v reduceable_a whether_o they_o be_v make_v ex_fw-la titulo_fw-la oneroso_fw-la or_o lucrativo_fw-la for_o by_o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o act_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o the_o debtor_n can_v prefer_v one_o creditor_n to_o another_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o any_o such_o diligence_n how_o far_o child_n be_v creditor_n to_o their_o father_n and_o may_v upon_o this_o statute_n reduce_v deed_n do_v by_o their_o father_n in_o favour_n of_o other_o child_n after_o their_o provision_n may_v be_v dubious_a in_o many_o case_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o name_v a_o very_a few_o the_o first_o be_v a_o father_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n with_o the_o first_o wife_n provide_v the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n to_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n with_o a_o second_o wife_n provide_v they_o to_o twenty_o thousand_o mark_n and_o by_o a_o contract_n with_o a_o three_o wife_n provide_v the_o child_n of_o that_o marriage_n to_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n the_o question_n rise_v whether_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n can_v reduce_v the_o contract_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n quoad_fw-la the_o provision_n therein_o make_v as_o make_v in_o prejudice_n of_o they_o who_o become_v lawful_a credtor_n by_o the_o first_o contract_n or_o if_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n may_v not_o do_v the_o same_o to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o three_o marriage_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o if_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o if_o they_o enter_v heir_n they_o can_v reduce_v because_o tenentur_fw-la prestare_fw-la but_o if_o the_o contract_n bear_v child_n of_o the_o marriage_n some_o think_v that_o they_o may_v assign_v their_o portion_n and_o the_o assignay_n may_v reduce_v these_o provision_n make_v in_o the_o second_o marriage_n and_o just_o so_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n may_v reduce_v the_o provision_n make_v to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o three_o marriage_n but_o i_o think_v that_o either_o the_o child_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v infeft_v and_o then_o certain_o the_o father_n can_v prejudge_v they_o by_o posterior_n personal_a provision_n or_o else_o where_o neither_o be_v infeft_v i_o conceive_v that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n such_o as_o a_o tocher_n pay_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o the_o second_o or_o three_o marriage_n and_o then_o also_o the_o contract_n can_v be_v reduce_v upon_o this_o statute_n for_o these_o contract_n be_v not_o make_v to_o defraud_v creditor_n since_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o tocher_n yet_o even_o the_o marriage_n be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n for_o who_o will_v marry_v if_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n and_o the_o design_n here_o be_v not_o to_o prejudge_v true_a creditor_n the_o other_o case_n be_v a_o man_n in_o his_o first_o contract_n provide_v his_o land_n and_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n and_o in_o the_o contract_n with_o his_o second_o wife_n he_o provide_v the_o child_n of_o that_o marriage_n to_o the_o conquest_n that_o shall_v be_v make_v during_o that_o marriage_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n will_v be_v creditor_n to_o the_o father_n for_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n even_o though_o he_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o his_o father_n for_o though_o here_o it_o seem_v that_o confusione_n tollitur_fw-la obligatio_fw-la the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n be_v both_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n yet_o conquest_n be_v still_o understand_v to_o be_v illud_fw-la quod_fw-la super_fw-la est_fw-la deducto_fw-la be_v alieno_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o child_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n can_v have_v no_o right_o but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o these_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o scot_n of_o bavila_fw-la contra_fw-la binning_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o heir_n may_v reduce_v the_o provision_n make_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o bairn_n of_o the_o second_o marriage_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v the_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n provide_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n but_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v for_o first_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o there_o be_v no_o debt_n since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v the_o debtor_n himself_o but_o second_o if_o the_o money_n with_o which_o the_o land_n be_v buy_v be_v conquest_n also_o in_o the_o second_o wife_n time_n it_o seem_v against_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o this_o shall_v not_o be_v call_v conquest_n quoad_fw-la a_o heir_n of_o another_o marriage_n cui_fw-la nihil_fw-la deest_fw-la though_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v conquest_n in_o the_o first_o marriage_n it_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o call_v ae_z alienum_fw-la a_o three_o case_n be_v this_o a_o father_n obliedge_v himself_o in_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o first_o wife_n to_o provide_v the_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n to_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n but_o before_o his_o death_n he_o provide_v one_o of_o the_o three_o bairn_n to_o the_o whole_a eight_o the_o the_o question_n propon_v be_v whether_o the_o other_o two_o daughter_n may_v raise_v a_o reduction_n of_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o their_o sister_n upon_o this_o act_n and_o for_o these_o sister_n it_o may_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o brother_n become_v debtor_n to_o they_o prorata_fw-la even_o as_o if_o he_o have_v grant_v band_n to_o six_o man_n for_o a_o sum_n each_o of_o they_o will_v have_v right_a to_o a_o proportional_a part_n of_o it_o at_o
yet_o i_o confess_v that_o these_o argument_n from_o analogy_n do_v not_o in_o this_o absolute_o hold_v for_o in_o several_a of_o these_o instance_n the_o deed_n specify_v habent_fw-la individuam_fw-la formam_fw-la prescribe_v to_o they_o by_o the_o law_n &_o ubi_fw-la actus_fw-la est_fw-la individuus_fw-la ratione_fw-la formae_fw-la ea_fw-la non_fw-la servata_fw-la actus_fw-la omnino_fw-la corruit_fw-la &_o utile_fw-la per_fw-la inutile_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la but_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o donation_n &_o ab_fw-la usuris_fw-la quadrat_fw-la with_o this_o case_n or_o at_o least_o the_o argument_n ab_fw-la usuris_fw-la do_v but_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o price_n shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n for_o payment_n of_o their_o lawful_a debt_n though_o the_o interpose_a person_n be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la yet_o he_o be_v not_o by_o the_o act_n liable_a to_o restore_v the_o land_n or_o other_o dispone_v to_o he_o simple_o or_o the_o price_n thereof_o if_o he_o have_v dispon_v the_o same_o to_o a_o three_o person_n but_o there_o will_v be_v deduce_v or_o allow_v to_o he_o so_o much_o either_o of_o the_o land_n or_o price_n as_o he_o have_v give_v or_o pay_v to_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o the_o superplus_n be_v to_o be_v forthcoming_a to_o the_o other_o creditor_n who_o want_v their_o due_a payment_n and_o that_o not_o without_o new_a diligence_n by_o these_o who_o have_v reduce_v the_o right_o grant_v to_o the_o interpose_a person_n by_o arrestment_n or_o otherwise_o but_o if_o the_o creditor_n who_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reduction_n have_v not_o do_v diligence_n to_o affect_v the_o land_n or_o price_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o interpose_a person_n either_o by_o comprise_v or_o arrestment_n he_o must_v notwithstanding_o the_o decret_a of_o reduction_n affect_v the_o same_o otherwise_o other_o creditor_n do_v diligence_n will_v be_v preferable_a see_v reduction_n do_v not_o settle_v a_o right_n upon_o the_o creditor_n to_o their_o debtor_n estate_n but_o they_o only_o sweep_v away_o such_o fraudulent_a right_n as_o may_v stand_v in_o the_o way_n of_o their_o diligence_n and_o execution_n and_o hinder_v they_o thereby_o to_o get_v a_o right_n to_o the_o debtor_n estate_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a probation_n of_o the_o fraud_n intend_v against_o the_o creditor_n if_o they_o or_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o verify_v by_o writ_n or_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v without_o any_o true_a cause_n etc._n etc._n for_o clear_v of_o these_o word_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o the_o word_n fraud_n be_v various_o use_v by_o lawyer_n it_o be_v take_v pro_fw-la poena_fw-la capitali_fw-la l._n eum_fw-la autem_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr aedilit_fw-la edict_n pro_fw-la periculo_fw-la alicujus_fw-la in_o commodi_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n ad_fw-la l._n falcid_a pro_fw-la impostura_fw-la l._n aliud_fw-la est_fw-la fraus_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr pro_fw-la privatione_fw-la juris_fw-la l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-mi his_o quae_fw-la inte_v delen_fw-mi but_o here_o fraud_n signify_v the_o prejudice_n arise_v to_o the_o creditor_n by_o unlawful_a alienation_n and_o even_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v take_v sometime_o pro_fw-la damno_fw-la pecuniario_fw-la l._n be_v ff_n quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n credit_n and_o he_o be_v say_v to_o the_o fraud_n his_o creditor_n who_o prejudge_v he_o by_o that_o alienation_n without_o necessity_n of_o prove_v any_o previous_a design_n of_o cheat_v for_o that_o design_n be_v a_o secret_a and_o latent_fw-la act_n of_o the_o mind_n the_o law_n which_o design_v main_o the_o indemnity_n of_o the_o creditor_n will_v not_o burden_n he_o with_o so_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a a_o probation_n but_o presumptione_n juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la conclude_v that_o alienation_n to_o be_v make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n which_o want_v a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o this_o be_v fraus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la though_o not_o in_o consilio_fw-la and_o lawyer_n have_v well_o distinguish_v fraudem_fw-la in_o re_fw-la a_o fraud_n in_o consilio_fw-la accur_v ad_fw-la §_o in_o fraud_n just_a quib_n ex_fw-la cause_n manum_fw-la which_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o distinction_n use_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o in_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la inter_fw-la dolum_fw-la ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la &_o dolum_fw-la ex_fw-la re_fw-la ipsa_fw-la for_o fraus_fw-la &_o dolus_fw-la differ_v only_o as_o genus_fw-la &_o species_n â—raus_fw-la be_v more_o general_a than_o dolus_fw-la as_o be_v full_o prove_v by_o bargalius_fw-la de_fw-la dolo_fw-la lib._n 5._o c._n 4._o but_o albeit_o the_o civil_a law_n make_v alienation_n in_o conjunctam_fw-la personam_fw-la to_o be_v only_o sufficient_a probation_n si_fw-la aleae_fw-la presumptiones_fw-la concurrant_fw-la l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr bon_fw-fr damnat_fw-la burgal_o de_fw-fr dol_n c._n 8._o l._n 5._o num_fw-la 43._o yet_o our_o law_n make_v the_o want_n of_o a_o onerous_a cause_n per_fw-la se_fw-la though_o nothing_o concur_v to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a probation_n of_o the_o fraud_n against_o a_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n and_o albeit_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n fraus_fw-la &_o eventum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la desideraâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil._n l._n 15._o h._n t._n yet_o our_o law_n require_v only_o fraudem_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la without_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v fraus_fw-la in_o consilio_fw-la for_o albeit_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o disposition_n know_v not_o that_o the_o disponer_n have_v debt_n or_o creditor_n yet_o if_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o disponer_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v his_o debt_n our_o law_n will_v reduce_v that_o disposition_n if_o make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n which_o be_v also_o express_o contrair_a to_o l._n 6._o §_o 4._o basil_n h._n tit_n quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n cred_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o probation_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a in_o reduction_n upon_o this_o statute_n be_v determine_v by_o this_o paragraph_n and_o though_o the_o statute_n appoint_v the_o probation_n to_o be_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n or_o by_o writ_n bear_v no_o onerous_a cause_n or_o bear_v to_o be_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n yet_o the_o practy_n have_v in_o this_o point_n so_o vary_v that_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o reduce_v our_o present_a decision_n into_o these_o conclusion_n 1._o narratives_n bear_v the_o disposition_n to_o be_v for_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n be_v but_o the_o assertion_n of_o the_o party_n grant_a do_v not_o prove_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v onerous_a else_o it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a to_o elude_v the_o act._n 2._o though_o the_o narrative_a do_v not_o prove_v for_o the_o grant_a yet_o it_o prove_v against_o he_o nam_fw-la verba_fw-la narrativa_fw-la as_o craig_n observe_v pag._n 145._o licet_fw-la sepe_fw-la falsis_fw-la sima_fw-la probant_fw-la tamen_fw-la contra_fw-la proferentem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o disposition_n quarrel_v be_v make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n and_o bear_v to_o be_v make_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n it_o will_v be_v reduce_v that_o though_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v shall_v offer_v to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n stewart_n contra_fw-la graham_n nothing_o can_v prove_v better_o the_o design_n of_o the_o party_n than_o a_o writ_n under_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o as_o this_o can_v fail_v so_o if_o the_o receiver_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o lead_v a_o subsequent_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n contrair_a to_o the_o write_v produce_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o he_o may_v use_v indirect_a mean_n for_o prove_v the_o say_v onerous_a cause_n and_o this_o might_n both_o disappoint_v the_o creditor_n and_o open_v a_o door_n to_o perjury_n &_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o accept_v of_o a_o writ_n bear_v such_o a_o narrative_a 3._o a_o right_o make_v by_o very_o conjunct_a person_n such_o as_o father_n and_o son_n be_v make_v to_o person_n against_o who_o there_o lie_v a_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n either_o because_o of_o the_o relation_n or_o because_o the_o receiver_n have_v no_o visible_a estate_n wherewith_o to_o acquire_v ex_fw-la titulo_fw-la oneroso_fw-la the_o right_o dispone_v in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o right_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n yet_o the_o receiver_n must_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o the_o narrative_a 4._o if_o the_o disposition_n bear_v that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v for_o satisfy_v of_o debt_n owe_v by_o the_o disponer_n or_o for_o satisfy_v a_o debt_n owe_v to_o the_o receiver_n he_o must_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o be_v find_v 23._o march_n 1624._o duff_n contra_fw-la cullodin_n though_o the_o disposition_n there_o be_v make_v only_o to_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v because_o if_o there_o be_v any_o antecedent_n debt_n that_o debt_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v and_o the_o lord_n
possession_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v argue_v 1._o that_o mason_n elder_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o public_a and_o unterrupted_a trade_n and_o correspondence_n with_o the_o pursuer_n the_o say_a trade_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v with_o respect_n to_o its_o first_o beginning_n and_o the_o bond_n though_o posteriour_a to_o the_o infeftment_n yet_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v back_n ad_fw-la svam_fw-la causam_fw-la viz._n the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n from_o which_o they_o do_v result_v 2._o it_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o commerce_n in_o general_n and_o from_o this_o report_n in_o particular_a that_o former_a payment_n be_v still_o make_v the_o foundation_n of_o new_a credit_n and_o if_o the_o make_n of_o such_o right_n during_o the_o dependence_n of_o such_o a_o continue_a trade_n be_v allow_v in_o favour_n of_o child_n no_o merchand_n will_v give_v trust_n or_o if_o they_o give_v they_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o it_o both_o which_o will_v be_v equal_o destructive_a to_o trade_n 3._o if_o we_o consider_v the_o analogy_n of_o our_o law_n we_o will_v find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v still_o consider_v a_o continue_a and_o uninterrupted_a trade_n as_o very_o privilege_v in_o many_o case_n and_o therefore_o though_o other_o count_v prescrive_v in_o three_o year_n yet_o that_o statute_n use_v not_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o a_o continue_a trade_n and_o correspondance_n and_o so_o far_o have_v privilegia_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la &_o commercii_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o our_o law_n that_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v allow_v though_o want_v the_o ordinary_a and_o statutary_a solemnity_n of_o witness_n and_o warrant_n for_o payment_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v sustain_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o intimation_n against_o posterior_n assignaye_v and_o arrester_n and_o annualrent_n be_v sustain_v betwixt_o merchant_n sine_fw-la pacto_fw-la vel_fw-la lege_fw-la and_o a_o bill_n subscribe_v only_o by_o a_o mark_n without_o either_o the_o subscryver_n entire_a name_n or_o the_o initial_a letter_n of_o it_o be_v sustain_v it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o drawer_n of_o the_o bill_n be_v in_o use_n so_o to_o subscribe_v 4._o by_o the_o common_a law_n actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la be_v extend_v even_o to_o posterior_n creditor_n where_o animus_n fraudandi_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o the_o alienation_n do_v appear_v either_o by_o writ_n or_o presumption_n which_o be_v enumerate_v by_o jason_n ad_fw-la inst_n hic_fw-mi and_o be_v very_o far_o short_a of_o the_o presumption_n former_o condescend_v on_o and_o if_o the_o common_a law_n and_o natural_a reason_n allow_v this_o remedy_n in_o the_o case_n of_o debt_n absolute_o posterior_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v it_o to_o be_v allow_v in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o pursuit_n depend_v on_o a_o prior_n cause_n and_o be_v the_o result_n and_o product_v of_o a_o correspondence_n enter_v into_o before_o grant_v of_o the_o son_n infeftment_n 5._o the_o father_n have_v no_o estate_n before_o this_o correspondance_n and_o have_v draw_v fraudent_o into_o his_o hand_n the_o pursuer_n good_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o buy_v the_o land_n law_n and_o reason_n presume_v that_o the_o price_n of_o their_o good_n do_v pay_v the_o price_n of_o their_o land_n and_o that_o therefore_o this_o land_n ought_v to_o be_v affect_v and_o burden_v with_o their_o debt_n to_o which_o it_o be_v duply_v 1._o that_o though_o the_o common_a law_n do_v allow_v actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la to_o posterior_n creditor_n yet_o that_o be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n where_o the_o receiver_n of_o such_o right_n be_v participes_fw-la fraudis_fw-la which_o can_v be_v allege_v here_o since_o the_o son_n be_v minor_fw-la nec_fw-la doli_fw-la capax_fw-la and_o that_o especial_o be_v introduce_v in_o odium_fw-la of_o the_o collusion_n it_o can_v be_v extend_v to_o case_n where_o no_o collusion_n can_v be_v allege_v upon_o the_o receiver_n part_n 2._o commerce_n and_o trade_n be_v found_v upon_o personal_a trust_n and_o merchant_n follow_v the_o faith_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o trade_v without_o ever_o consider_v what_o real_a estate_n they_o have_v so_o that_o their_o pursuer_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v cheat_v in_o their_o expectation_n since_o they_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v furnish_v their_o good_n in_o contemplation_n of_o the_o real_a estate_n now_o controvert_v 3._o either_o their_o pursuer_n do_v search_v the_o register_n or_o not_o if_o they_o do_v not_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la qui_fw-la sibi_fw-la non_fw-la vigilarunt_fw-la and_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v have_v find_v that_o the_o son_n be_v infeft_v his_o infeftment_n be_v registrate_n and_o though_o the_o minut-book_n do_v not_o specify_v whether_o the_o seize_v be_v grant_v to_o mason_n elder_a or_o young_a yet_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v search_v the_o minut-book_n itself_o whereof_o this_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v but_o a_o index_n and_o the_o son_n not_o have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la can_v not_o have_v be_v prejudge_v by_o any_o cheat_n or_o contrivance_n of_o his_o father_n for_o the_o jus_o quesitum_fw-la to_o he_o by_o the_o infeftment_n sine_fw-la facto_fw-la svo_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la auferri_fw-la nequit_fw-la 4._o the_o pursuer_n do_v innovat_fw-la their_o account_n by_o take_v bond_n for_o the_o product_n and_o mason_n have_v a_o discharge_n of_o all_o former_a account_n and_o trade_n so_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n he_o be_v not_o their_o debtor_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o prior_n trade_n and_o the_o pursuer_n be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o merchant_n but_o as_o common_a creditor_n and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a consequence_n to_o make_v debt_n that_o be_v innovate_v retain_v all_o the_o privilege_n that_o they_o have_v ante_fw-la jnnovationem_fw-la &_o pernovationem_fw-la prio_fw-la obligatio_fw-la perimitur_fw-la â—_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr novationibus_fw-la 5._o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o mason_n have_v other_o trade_n which_o will_v have_v furnish_v he_o the_o price_n of_o the_o land_n and_o that_o he_o be_v loser_n by_o the_o pursuer_n trade_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o common_a law_n do_v only_o consider_v participes_fw-la fraudis_fw-la in_o order_n to_o another_o effect_n viz._n if_o the_o alienation_n be_v ex_fw-la causa_fw-la onerosa_fw-la than_o the_o alienation_n can_v not_o have_v be_v reduce_v unless_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la but_o where_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la causa_fw-la mere_a lucrativa_fw-la as_o in_o this_o case_n fraus_fw-la in_o eventu_fw-la be_v sufficient_a and_o even_o here_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o own_o son_n who_o be_v in_o familia_fw-la the_o son_n be_v in_o as_o ill_a condition_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la nor_o can_v he_o plead_v the_o same_o benefit_n as_o a_o stranger_n contract_a bonafide_fw-la upon_o which_o debate_n the_o lord_n do_v reduce_v the_o disposition_n as_o be_v make_v to_o the_o son_n by_o the_o father_n who_o be_v a_o merchant_n during_o his_o public_a trade_n and_o correspondance_n which_o disposition_n can_v have_v no_o other_o rational_a design_n but_o to_o cheat_v creditor_n the_o father_n not_o have_v so_o much_o as_o reserve_v himself_o a_o liferent_a or_o power_n to_o redeem_v but_o since_o the_o lord_n declare_v that_o this_o decision_n proceed_v upon_o all_o these_o ground_n joint_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v extend_v to_o other_o case_n and_o i_o find_v that_o this_o public_a interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n have_v be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v deed_n do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n thereof_o but_o yet_o not_o upon_o this_o act_n and_o statute_n but_o upon_o the_o general_a ground_n of_o fraud_n infer_v by_o most_o pregnant_a qualification_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o decision_n betwixt_o pot_n and_o pollock_n 12._o feb._n 1669._o the_o case_n whereof_o be_v this_o john_n pollock_n be_v creditor_n to_o his_o wife_n of_o a_o second_o marriage_n for_o her_o life-rent_a provision_n and_o to_o other_o to_o who_o he_o owe_v money_n they_o apprise_v his_o estate_n and_o assign_v their_o right_n to_o pot_n who_o thereupon_o intent_v reduction_n of_o a_o band_n grant_v by_o the_o defunct_a to_o james_n pollock_n his_o son_n of_o the_o first_o marriage_n for_o 5000._o mark_n the_o reason_n of_o reduction_n be_v first_o that_o this_o band_n be_v grant_v by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o own_o son_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o not_o be_v creditor_n when_o this_o band_n be_v grant_v this_o act_n of_o parliament_n allow_v they_o no_o reduction_n of_o it_o for_o this_o act_n be_v only_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o prior_n creditor_n and_o since_o his_o father_n may_v have_v gift_v away_o his_o estate_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o even_o that_o gift_n can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v by_o posterior_n
from_o which_o lawyer_n conclude_v a_o design_n of_o cheat_v future_a creditor_n be_v those_o 1._o if_o the_o debtor_n dispone_v all_o his_o estate_n assignatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la especial_o if_o he_o reserve_v not_o his_o own_o liferent_a as_o in_o mason_n case_n for_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v denude_v himself_o of_o all_o mean_n of_o subssistance_n without_o some_o malicious_a design_n and_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n l._n omnes_fw-la §_o lucius_z ss_z de_fw-mi his_o quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n or_o for_o a_o less_o price_n than_o the_o thing_n dispon_v be_v true_o worth_a strach_n tract_n de_fw-fr decoct_v part_n 3._o num_fw-la 2._o but_o since_o licet_fw-la contrahentibus_fw-la in_o emptione_n vel_fw-la venditione_n seinvicem_fw-la decipere_fw-la it_o seem_v that_o this_o extension_n shall_v not_o hold_v except_o where_o the_o thing_n dispon_v be_v much_o under-rated_n 2._o if_o the_o disponer_n be_v bankrupt_a or_o a_o cheat._n or_o deploratae_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la strach_n num_fw-la 23._o 3._o if_o he_o borrow_v immediate_o after_o the_o disposition_n 4._o if_o he_o borrow_v secret_o and_o desire_v to_o conceal_v his_o condition_n as_o in_o mason_n case_n and_o 14._o decem._n 1671._o duff_n contra_fw-la culloddin_n this_o qualification_n of_o fraud_n be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o assignation_n make_v by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o viz._n that_o the_o resigner_n desire_v the_o resignation_n shall_v be_v keep_v secret_a and_o thereafter_o suffer_v his_o brother_n to_o continue_v in_o possession_n 5_o if_o he_o borrow_v sum_n far_o above_o his_o fortune_n and_o upon_o this_o last_o presumption_n a_o merchant_n in_o paris_n be_v execute_v have_v borrow_v vast_a sum_n with_o which_o he_o break_v next_o morning_n after_o they_o be_v borrow_v to_o any_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o act_n suspect_v such_o and_o be_v more_o unfavourable_a in_o the_o case_n of_o disposition_n and_o right_n make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n be_v because_o these_o have_v easy_a occasion_n of_o make_v and_o be_v more_o pron_z to_o make_v such_o right_n than_o any_o else_o for_o what_o stranger_n will_v cheat_v creditor_n for_o one_o another_o and_o though_o a_o debtor_n will_v be_v desirous_a to_o prefer_v his_o creditor_n to_o stranger_n yet_o he_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o prefer_v his_o friend_n to_o his_o creditor_n which_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v insinuate_v by_o that_o excellent_a law_n l._n 27._o c._n de_fw-fr donat_fw-la data_fw-la jam_fw-la pridem_fw-la lege_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ut_fw-la donationes_fw-la interveniente_fw-la actorum_fw-la testificatione_n conficiantur_fw-la quod_fw-la vel_fw-la maxim_n inter_fw-la necessarias_fw-la conjunct_a asque_fw-la personas_fw-la convenit_fw-la custodiri_fw-la si_fw-mi quidem_fw-la clandestinis_fw-la ac_fw-la domesticis_fw-la fraudibus_fw-la facile_fw-la quidvis_fw-la pro_fw-la negotii_fw-la opportunitate_fw-la confingi_fw-la potest_fw-la vel_fw-la id_fw-la quod_fw-la veer_fw-la gestum_fw-la est_fw-la aboleri_fw-la and_o the_o doctor_n have_v receive_v as_o a_o brocard_n that_o conjunctus_fw-la presumitur_fw-la scire_fw-la facta_fw-la conjuncti_fw-la l._n octavi_fw-la ff_n unde_fw-la cognati_fw-la and_o therefore_o presumitur_fw-la alienatio_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la facta_fw-la quando_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la donatio_fw-la omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la vel_fw-la conjuncta_fw-la personae_fw-la bart._n ad_fw-la l._n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la h._n t._n num_fw-la 30._o our_o law_n have_v not_o full_o determine_v who_o be_v repute_v conjunct_a person_n since_o this_o open_v a_o door_n to_o arbitraryness_n in_o judge_n it_o have_v be_v fit_a the_o law_n have_v obviate_v by_o a_o special_a definition_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o point_v the_o power_n of_o judge_n as_o well_o as_o the_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n of_o creditor_n but_o certain_o father_n and_o son_n and_o all_o degree_n ascendant_n and_o descendant_n be_v repute_v conjunct_a and_o because_o these_o be_v the_o most_o near_a relation_n therefore_o disposition_n make_v to_o they_o be_v not_o only_o reduceable_a by_o this_o statute_n but_o such_o disposition_n when_o make_v to_o such_o as_o may_v have_v be_v heir_n make_v the_o receiver_n successor_n titulo_fw-la luc_fw-fr rativo_fw-la post_fw-la contractum_fw-la debitum_fw-la which_o passive_a title_n be_v not_o extend_v against_o a_o brother_n though_o the_o disponer_n be_v so_o old_a that_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v succession_n whereby_o his_o brother_n may_v be_v exclude_v nor_o be_v the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n so_o strong_a among_o collateral_n as_o to_o infer_v so_o odious_a a_o passive_a title_n but_o reserve_v action_n upon_o this_o act_n 1621._o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o onerous_a 7._o decemb._n 1672._o spencer-field_n contra_fw-la kilbrakmont_n 2._o brother_n and_o brother_n be_v repute_v conjunct_a person_n but_o whither_o this_o shall_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n in_o affinity_n as_o in_o consanguinity_n have_v often_o be_v controvert_v and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o other_o statute_n non_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la jus_o affinitatis_fw-la ac_fw-la consanguinitatis_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o statute_n forbid_v father_n son_n or_o brother_n to_o judge_v in_o action_n of_o their_o correlati_fw-la be_v not_o extend_v so_o as_o to_o prohibit_v father_n brother_n or_o son_n in_o law_n to_o judge_v in_o such_o case_n as_o be_v find_v in_o moor_n case_n against_o gruibbit_n but_o yet_o a_o sister_n in_o law_n be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o conjunct_a person_n 5._o july_n 1673._o hoom_n contra_fw-la smith_n and_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n be_v repute_v a_o conjunct_a person_n in_o the_o reduction_n against_o major_a biggar_n at_o waughaps_o instance_n and_o sâ—eidivin_fw-fr hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi pag._n 1209._o tell_v we_o that_o inter_v affine_n &_o conjunctas_fw-la personas_fw-la fraud_n presumuntur_fw-la and_o since_o man_n will_v do_v as_o much_o for_o their_o ally_n as_o for_o their_o blood_n friend_n especial_o for_o sister_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n upon_o that_o same_o reason_n repel_v they_o from_o be_v witness_n it_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v repute_n conjunct_a person_n and_o it_o be_v not_o imaginable_a why_o the_o law_n which_o be_v jealous_a that_o a_o ally_n or_o affinis_fw-la may_v perjure_v themselves_o for_o another_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o rather_o unwilling_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o such_o conveyance_n as_o their_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o creditor_n where_o the_o cheat_n be_v easy_a and_o less_o dangerous_a but_o whether_o a_o bastard_n be_v such_o a_o conjunct_a person_n as_o that_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o he_o by_o his_o father_n be_v reduceable_a may_v be_v doubt_v for_o upon_o the_o one_o part_n a_o bastard_n patrem_fw-la demonstrare_fw-la nequit_fw-la and_o he_o who_o be_v of_o no_o blood_n can_v be_v conjunct_a upon_o the_o account_n of_o blood_n and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o part_n a_o bastard_z be_v know_v to_o have_v much_o natural_a affection_n and_o so_o may_v be_v presume_v a_o person-willing_a to_o convey_v such_o fraud_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n the_o law_n reject_v he_o from_o be_v witness_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o natural_a father_n marsil_n singul_n 273._o and_o a_o bastard_n with_o we_o be_v only_o receive_v cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o the_o law_n have_v allow_v he_o action_n against_o his_o father_n for_o aliment_n and_o though_o the_o law_n will_v allow_v he_o no_o advantage_n by_o his_o birth_n yet_o it_o shall_v not_o capacitate_v he_o to_o cheat_v other_o and_o i_o think_v this_o distinction_n more_o reasonable_a then_o to_o say_v with_o paleot_n that_o bastard_n be_v not_o conjunct_a upon_o the_o father_n side_n but_o on_o the_o mother_n side_n cap._n 60._o the_o not_o he_o or_o to_o say_v with_o alex._n consil_n 60._o that_o these_o be_v to_o be_v account_v conjunct_a in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v marriage_n only_o so_o that_o a_o bastard_n brother_n can_v marry_v his_o bastard_n sister_n for_o certain_o though_o these_o be_v not_o conjunct_a in_o strict_a law_n sunt_fw-la conjunctis_fw-la simile_n felin_n ad_fw-la cap._n per_fw-la tuas_fw-la de_fw-la probat_fw-la who_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v a_o confident_a seem_v more_o difficult_a and_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o a_o ordinary_a factor_n or_o a_o domestic_a servant_n must_v be_v say_v to_o be_v confident_a person_n and_o a_o ordinary_a agent_n be_v find_v to_o be_v such_o a_o confident_a person_n 26._o june_n 1672._o moubra_n against_o spence_n and_o immola_fw-la ad_fw-la h._n t._n leg_n post_fw-la contractum_fw-la affirm_v that_o amicus_fw-la magna_fw-la amicitia_fw-la conjunctus_fw-la be_v liable_a to_o this_o presumption_n and_o the_o law_n judge_n still_o of_o he_o as_o of_o conjunctus_fw-la sanguine_fw-la and_o friendship_n be_v ofttimes_o warm_a than_o blood_n disposition_n likewise_o omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la be_v reduceable_a though_o not_o make_v to_o confident_a person_n but_o to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n except_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n for_o the_o law_n presume_v as_o
as_o to_o heretage_n but_o these_o fall_v not_o proper_o under_o this_o act_n but_o under_o the_o act_n 105._o par._n 7._o ja._n 5._o and_o as_o to_o the_o husband_n movable_n i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o case_n viz._n campbel_n contra_fw-la campbel_n decemb._n 1674_o which_o be_v this_o campbel_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n provide_v his_o wife_n to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n that_o shall_v pertain_v to_o he_o at_o his_o death_n and_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n he_o dispone_v many_o of_o his_o movable_n to_o his_o brother_n whereupon_o the_o relict_n raise_v a_o reduction_n of_o that_o disposition_n upon_o this_o statute_n to_o which_o reason_n of_o reduction_n it_o waâ—_n answer_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v not_o relevant_a for_o the_o relict_n be_v only_o creditrix_fw-la by_o this_o contract_n as_o to_o what_o movable_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o husband_n at_o his_o death_n which_o be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o spes_fw-la successionis_fw-la but_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o brother_n to_o dispon_n at_o any_o time_n in_o his_o liege_n poustie_a upon_o any_o part_n of_o his_o movable_n and_o as_o such_o clause_n provide_v a_o wife_n to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o movable_n be_v most_o ordinar_n so_o if_o this_o be_v sustain_v the_o husband_n can_v not_o gift_n to_o his_o brother_n or_o relation_n any_o horse_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o if_o such_o disposition_n be_v sustain_v the_o former_a or_o the_o like_a clause_n will_v be_v elusory_a and_o may_v easy_o be_v evacuate_v for_o a_o husband_n may_v dispon_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n all_o his_o movable_n this_o be_v not_o decide_v but_o the_o lord_n incline_v only_o to_o sustain_v this_o disposition_n if_o make_v for_o some_o probable_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v upon_o deathbed_n it_o be_v reduceable_a or_o if_o there_o have_v be_v great_a presumption_n of_o fraud_n adduce_v to_o clear_a that_o it_o be_v contrive_v as_o a_o mere_a cheat_n against_o the_o relict_n but_o be_v clear_a that_o if_o the_o donation_n be_v only_o of_o one_o particular_a thing_n make_v in_o liege_n poustie_a it_o can_v not_o be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o act._n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v if_o when_o the_o onerous_a cause_n express_v be_v not_o true_a or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o onerous_a cause_n but_o that_o the_o right_o grant_v bear_v express_o to_o be_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n if_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o the_o grant_a to_o astruct_v his_o disposition_n when_o quarrel_v upon_o this_o statute_n by_o offer_v to_o prove_v true_a and_o real_a onerous_a cause_n prior_n to_o the_o debt_n whereupon_o the_o reduction_n be_v found_v and_o first_o it_o be_v without_o all_o doubt_n that_o if_o the_o right_n bear_v no_o cause_n the_o user_n may_v condescend_v upon_o and_o offer_v to_o prove_v the_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n 2._o i_o find_v it_o decide_v that_o where_o the_o writ_n do_v bear_v only_o love_n and_o favour_n though_o grant_v by_o a_o man_n to_o his_o own_o wife_n she_o be_v allow_v to_o astruct_v it_o by_o sound_v it_o upon_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n and_o ascribe_v it_o to_o make_v up_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o land_n provide_v to_o she_o by_o her_o say_a contract_n january_n 1669._o la._n brae_n contra_fw-la chisholm_n 3._o where_o the_o disposition_n do_v bear_v love_n and_o favour_n and_o other_o onerous_a cause_n either_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v admit_v to_o astruct_v the_o disposition_n by_o prove_v a_o onerous_a cause_n adequat_fw-la to_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n in_o the_o case_n naper_n contra_fw-la ardmore_n which_o decision_n may_v be_v debate_v for_o why_o be_v love_n and_o favour_n insert_v if_o the_o cause_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a presumption_n of_o the_o fraud_n especial_o in_o a_o disposition_n by_o the_o father_n to_o the_o son_n for_o though_o utile_fw-la per_fw-la inutile_fw-la non_fw-la vitiatur_fw-la and_o that_o this_o may_v have_v proceed_v ex_fw-la stilo_fw-it yet_o in_o suspect_a case_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o narrative_n be_v much_o consider_v these_o argument_n be_v but_o weak_a 4._o where_o the_o writ_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o that_o the_o cause_n can_v only_o not_o be_v prove_v then_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o the_o person_n to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v may_v astruct_v his_o right_n by_o offer_v to_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v othere_o sum_n just_o rest_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o the_o disposition_n bear_v a_o onerous_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v prove_v express_o that_o the_o cause_v express_v be_v not_o true_a but_o be_v caluminous_o and_o fictitious_o express_v i_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o user_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o astruct_v another_o true_a cause_n and_o that_o in_o odium_fw-la falsi_fw-la &_o calumniae_fw-la even_o as_o if_o the_o date_n of_o a_o execution_n or_o other_o diligence_n be_v find_v to_o be_v false_a the_o user_n be_v not_o allow_v to_o astruct_v the_o same_o by_o condescend_v upon_o another_o true_a date_n and_o abide_v at_o it_o without_o true_a and_o competent_a the_o doctor_n also_o condescendes_fw-la upon_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o title_n different_a from_o both_o a_o lucrative_n and_o a_o one_o rous_fw-la title_n and_o this_o they_o call_v a_o mix_a title_n titulum_fw-la mixtum_fw-la l._n apud_fw-la celsumê°_n authoris_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr except_o doli_fw-la vid._n jason_n ad_fw-la l._n nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la ff_n legate_n and_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o be_v give_v in_o a_o alienation_n make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n for_o less_o than_o the_o true_a price_n and_o even_o in_o this_o case_n reduction_n be_v competent_a for_o the_o creditor_n prejudge_v in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o price_n receive_v be_v below_o the_o true_a value_n and_o thus_o l._n 7._o basil._n h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d si_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la minore_fw-la praetio_fw-la fundum_fw-la vendidero_fw-la revocatur_fw-la quod_fw-la gestum_fw-la est_fw-la etiam_fw-la non_fw-la reddito_fw-la praetio_fw-la but_o since_o licet_fw-la contrahentibus_fw-la in_o emptione_n &_o venditione_n se_fw-la inuicem_fw-la decipere_fw-la and_o that_o we_o see_v price_n of_o land_n very_o different_a every_o man_n take_v his_o advantage_n it_o may_v seem_v strange_a why_o the_o law_n shall_v prejudge_v so_o far_o the_o buyer_n in_o this_o and_o i_o conceive_v that_o except_o the_o price_n be_v palpable_o make_v so_o low_a upon_o design_n to_o cheat_v creditor_n any_o of_o the_o creditor_n have_v offer_v more_o or_o that_o it_o be_v extraordinary_a low_a in_o itself_o such_o price_n can_v be_v challenge_v as_o if_o a_o chalder_n of_o victual_n worth_n true_o 3000._o mark_n be_v sell_v for_o 2000_o mark_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v not_o that_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v ultra_fw-la dimidium_fw-la below_o the_o just_a half_n for_o than_o it_o may_v have_v be_v reduce_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n upon_o another_o head_n and_o so_o this_o action_n have_v be_v unnecessar_n whether_o if_o any_o debtor_n buy_v a_o hazard_n jactum_fw-la retis_fw-la as_o lawyer_n call_v it_o v._n g._n if_o he_o buy_v a_o woman_n liferent_a at_o seven_o year_n purchase_n and_o dispone_v his_o land_n for_o the_o price_n if_o he_o die_v the_o next_o year_n may_v not_o i_o reduce_v that_o disposition_n as_o do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o i_o a_o lawful_a creditor_n even_o as_o a_o minor_a may_v reduce_v such_o a_o bargain_n if_o make_v by_o his_o tutor_n to_o which_o i_o conceive_v it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o it_o can_v be_v quarrel_v if_o it_o be_v make_v in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o for_o the_o ordinary_a advantage_n for_o which_o a_o man_n will_v have_v transact_v it_o if_o he_o have_v no_o creditor_n and_o if_o no_o design_n to_o defraud_v can_v be_v show_v and_o here_o that_o maxim_n hold_v fraus_fw-la &_o eventum_fw-la &_o consilium_fw-la requirit_fw-la nor_o be_v the_o liege_n put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la to_o contract_n with_o debtor_n in_o such_o case_n without_o just_a it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o the_o price_n or_o cause_n be_v onerous_a but_o it_o must_v be_v just_a that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o price_n which_o the_o law_n allow_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v loose_v a_o great_a sum_n at_o game_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o it_o shall_v dispone_v his_o land_n that_o disposition_n may_v be_v quarrel_v as_o make_v without_o a_o just_a price_n because_o the_o law_n allow_v not_o the_o payment_n of_o what_o be_v gain_v at_o game_n if_o it_o exceed_v 100_o pound_n scot_n and_o since_o the_o law_n will_v not_o sustain_v action_n for_o it_o at_o the_o gainer_n instance_n against_o the_o debtor_n who_o loose_v it_o much_o less_o shall_v it_o sustain_v a_o
reason_n of_o which_o distinction_n must_v proceed_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o mobilium_fw-la vilis_fw-la est_fw-la possessio_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o the_o greek_a call_v it_o and_o therefore_o the_o law_n require_v not_o so_o much_o solemnity_n to_o their_o constitution_n nor_o destitution_n or_o revocation_n 3._o i_o find_v that_o where_o the_o right_o quarrel_v be_v parvi_fw-la momenti_fw-la the_o lord_n admit_v the_o nullity_n to_o be_v receiveable_a open_a exceptionis_fw-la 5_o january_n 1669._o but_o here_o the_o party_n be_v poor_a which_o i_o find_v they_o do_v also_o in_o nullity_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o small_a matter_n and_o betwixt_o poor_a party_n nam_fw-la de_fw-la minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la &_o deminimis_fw-la summarie_n jus_o dicit_fw-la prâ—tor_fw-la since_o there_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v large_a expense_n 4._o i_o have_v observe_v that_o where_o the_o nullity_n do_v arise_v incidenter_n from_o another_o pursuit_n depend_v that_o there_o it_o be_v receive_v open_a exceptionis_fw-la lest_o the_o other_o process_n shall_v sist_z as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n haliburton_n contra_fw-la morison_n where_o a_o reduction_n be_v intent_a at_o haliburtons_n instance_n of_o morison_n right_o ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la it_o be_v allege_v that_o morison_n disposition_n depend_v upon_o a_o right_a prior_n to_o the_o inhibition_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reply_v that_o that_o right_o be_v null_a by_o the_o act_n 1621._o upon_o which_o debate_n the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o quarrel_v of_o this_o right_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n but_o i_o shall_v rather_o think_v that_o where_o the_o right_o be_v betwixt_o most_o confident_a person_n such_o as_o father_n and_o son_n that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la the_o nullity_n shall_v be_v receivable_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n both_o because_o the_o cheat_n be_v easy_a and_o most_o unfavourable_a and_o because_o the_o father_n or_o very_o near_a friend_n may_v have_v make_v all_o concur_v willing_o to_o defend_v the_o right_n without_o the_o necessity_n of_o be_v call_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o reduction_n be_v so_o necessary_a in_o other_o case_n and_o in_o case_n any_o of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n no_o way_n partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n have_v lawful_o purchase_v any_o of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n for_o a_o just_a and_o competent_a price_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v much_o debate_v among_o the_o doctor_n if_o actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la be_v actio_fw-la realis_fw-la or_o not_o the_o gloss_n and_o some_o interpreter_n assert_v it_o to_o be_v only_o a_o personal_a action_n and_o they_o conclude_v so_o because_o the_o possessor_n of_o what_o be_v alienate_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o this_o action_n except_o he_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la or_o else_o have_v acquire_v the_o thing_n so_o alienate_v without_o any_o onerous_a cause_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o possession_n but_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o possessor_n that_o be_v consider_v our_o law_n agree_v in_o this_o with_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o by_o this_o paragraph_n it_o be_v statute_n that_o all_o who_o have_v acquire_v the_o thing_n alienate_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n shall_v not_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o reduction_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n and_o have_v not_o pay_v a_o just_a price_n to_o the_o interpose_a person_n as_o for_o instance_n one_o dispon_n his_o estate_n to_o his_o other_o brother_n without_o any_o onerous_a cause_n which_o brother_n dispon_n it_o again_o to_o a_o stranger_n who_o know_v nothing_o of_o the_o fraud_n and_o who_o pay_v a_o just_a and_o adaequat_fw-la price_n for_o it_o in_o which_o case_n a_o priorlawful_a creditor_n may_v reduce_v the_o first_o alienation_n make_v to_o the_o brother_n but_o he_o can_v reduce_v that_o ally_v nation_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o brother_n to_o the_o stranger_n and_o yet_o if_o that_o stranger_n do_v either_o know_v that_o the_o first_o conveyance_n be_v fraudulent_a which_o the_o act_n call_v the_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n or_o if_o he_o pay_v not_o a_o adequat_fw-la price_n then_o and_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n the_o creditor_n may_v reduce_v even_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o the_o stranger_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n to_o who_o it_o be_v intimate_v by_o the_o creditor_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o buy_v l._n ait_fw-fr praetor_n ff_n hoc_fw-la tit_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o excellent_a reason_n and_o will_v certain_o hold_v in_o our_o law_n though_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o it_o be_v already_o so_o decide_v for_o this_o intimation_n will_v take_v away_o the_o bona_fw-la side_n upon_o which_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o this_o act_n to_o singular_a successor_n be_v found_v but_o the_o three_o party_n knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoove_v of_o the_o bankrupt_a or_o of_o the_o confident_a be_v still_o sufficient_a to_o take_v from_o he_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o clause_n which_o be_v grant_v because_o of_o the_o three_o party_n bonafide_n can_v reach_v to_o such_o who_o knowledge_n put_v they_o in_o mala_fw-la side_n as_o be_v find_v 22_o january_n 1669._o hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n and_o the_o viscount_n of_o frendricht_n as_o also_o if_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o the_o first_o receiver_n who_o this_o act_n call_v the_o interpose_a person_n do_v bear_v love_n and_o favour_n and_o be_v make_v to_o a_o confident_a person_n in_o that_o case_n the_o right_o be_v reduceable_a for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o three_o person_n buy_v aught_o to_o have_v know_v the_o nullity_n &_o scire_fw-la &_o scire_fw-la debere_fw-la equiparantur_fw-la and_o this_o be_v find_v in_o the_o reduction_n of_o a_o tack_v 1672._o hay_o contra_fw-la jamison_n though_o that_o tack_v have_v past_a through_o many_o hand_n and_o to_o singular_a successor_n who_o have_v acquire_v their_o right_n for_o onerous_a cause_n i_o have_v hear_v it_o debate_v that_o though_o a_o three_o person_n who_o acquire_v a_o right_a from_o the_o person_n interpose_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o this_o action_n yet_o a_o compryser_n comprise_v this_o right_n from_o the_o interpose_a person_n have_v no_o such_o privilege_n as_o for_o instance_n a_o right_o make_v by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n be_v reduceable_a and_o therefore_o if_o one_o of_o the_o creditor_n of_o that_o brother_n to_o who_o the_o right_n be_v make_v shall_v compryse_v the_o right_n so_o make_v to_o he_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o as_o this_o right_n will_v have_v be_v reduceable_a in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o first_o acquirer_n if_o it_o have_v continue_v with_o he_o so_o it_o will_v have_v be_v reduceable_a from_o the_o compryser_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n 1._o a_o compryser_n compryse_v only_o omne_fw-la jus_o quod_fw-la in_o debitore_fw-la erat_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o tale_n and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v reduceable_a in_o his_o debtor_n person_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o in_o he_o even_o as_o it_o have_v be_v reduceable_a from_o his_o creditor_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la aut_fw-la interdictionis_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o privilege_n give_v by_o this_o paragraph_n do_v not_o meet_v this_o case_n for_o the_o word_n run_v thus_o if_o any_o of_o his_o majesty_n good_a subject_n shall_v by_o lawful_a bargain_n purchase_v but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o compryse_n can_v be_v say_v to_o purchase_v by_o way_n of_o bargain_n but_o though_o a_o comprise_v be_v a_o legal_a disposition_n and_o assignation_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o sale_n by_o the_o judge_n and_o not_o a_o purchase_n or_o contract_n among_o the_o party_n 3._o this_o case_n seem_v not_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o act_n for_o the_o act_n privilege_n such_o as_o have_v a_o good_a security_n do_v in_o contemplation_n of_o that_o right_n which_o for_o aught_o they_o can_v know_v be_v sufficient_a lie_v out_o their_o money_n and_o so_o follow_v the_o faith_n of_o that_o right_n in_o the_o first_o constitution_n of_o their_o debt_n but_o the_o compryser_n lend_v his_o money_n to_o his_o debtor_n without_o show_v that_o he_o rely_v upon_o the_o right_n now_o quarrel_v but_o find_v thereafter_o that_o he_o can_v not_o recover_v his_o debt_n he_o compryse_v any_o thing_n he_o can_v find_v 4._o if_o this_o be_v allow_v it_o will_v open_v a_o wide_a door_n to_o fraud_n for_o right_n may_v be_v make_v to_o confident_a person_n and_o then_o may_v be_v comprise_v which_o any_o creditor_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o whereas_o few_o will_v adventure_v to_o buy_v original_o these_o right_n as_o say_v be_v this_o case_n be_v debate_v in_o july_n 1666._o betwixt_o jack_n and_o jack_n but_o be_v not_o decide_v and_o it_o do_v divide_v the_o opinion_n of_o very_a
〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o if_o my_o debtor_n shall_v by_o collusion_n prejudge_v his_o march_n by_o a_o transaction_n mere_o to_o prejudge_v i_o who_o be_v to_o secure_v his_o estate_n to_o myself_o by_o a_o diligence_n for_o my_o debt_n this_o transaction_n may_v be_v quarrel_v as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o i_o his_o creditor_n which_o agree_v with_o l._n 13._o basil._n h._n t._n it_o be_v much_o debate_v among_o the_o civilian_n whether_o he_o be_v say_v to_o alienat_fw-la in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o creditor_n who_o refuse_v to_o acquire_v a_o estate_n that_o he_o may_v acquire_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o his_o creditor_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o legacy_n or_o to_o enter_v heir_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o i_o that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la extend_v not_o to_o these_o case_n as_o be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la autem_fw-la ff_n quae_fw-la in_o fraud_n qui_fw-la autem_fw-la cum_fw-la possit_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quâ—rere_fw-la non_fw-la id_fw-la agit_fw-fr ut_fw-la acquirat_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la edictum_fw-la non_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o §_o 2._o pâ—oinde_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la repudâ—avit_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la vel_fw-la legiâ—timam_fw-la vel_fw-la testamentariam_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la ut_fw-la huic_fw-la â—dicto_fw-la locum_fw-la faciat_fw-la and_o the_o ordinary_a distinction_n allow_v by_o the_o doctor_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o aut_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la de_fw-fr lato_n &_o quaesito_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la debitum_fw-la quaesitum_fw-la creditor_n repudiare_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la aut_fw-la agitur_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la non_fw-la delâ—to_fw-la aut_fw-la saltem_fw-la nondum_fw-la quaesito_fw-la licet_fw-la de_fw-la lato_n &_o non_fw-la prohibetur_fw-la illud_fw-la repudiare_fw-la but_o yet_o this_o decision_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n seem_v unreasonable_a for_o since_o the_o law_n be_v to_o secure_a creditor_n it_o be_v just_a that_o it_o shall_v have_v secure_v they_o against_o all_o fraud_n and_o what_o fraud_n be_v more_o malicious_a then_o to_o lie_v out_o of_o a_o estate_n by_o which_o the_o creditor_n may_v be_v pay_v or_o not_o to_o fulfil_v a_o condition_n by_o the_o fulfil_n whereof_o they_o may_v be_v put_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o pay_v their_o debt_n and_o therefore_o our_o law_n have_v much_o more_o just_o by_o the_o 106._o act_n 7_o par._n ja._n 5._o allow_v that_o the_o creditor_n may_v charge_v his_o debtor_n to_o enter_v heir_n whereupon_o the_o estate_n may_v be_v apprise_v from_o the_o appearand_a heir_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o have_v enter_v heir_n as_o also_o by_o our_o law_n if_o a_o legacy_n be_v leave_v to_o my_o debtor_n if_o he_o design_v to_o lie_v out_o of_o it_o mere_o to_o prejudge_v i_o who_o be_o his_o creditor_n yet_o the_o law_n will_v secure_v i_o against_o this_o malice_n either_o by_o allow_v i_o to_o arrest_v the_o legacy_n leave_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o executor_n if_o the_o executor_n do_v confirm_v that_o testament_n wherein_o my_o legacy_n be_v leave_v and_o so_o i_o may_v establish_v a_o right_n to_o the_o say_a legacy_n in_o my_o own_o person_n by_o a_o decreet_a to_o make_v forthcoming_a or_o if_o the_o executor_n shall_v refuse_v or_o decline_v to_o confirm_v the_o testament_n i_o the_o legator_n creditor_n may_v confirm_v myself_o executor_n dative_a and_o so_o in_o omnem_fw-la eventum_fw-la secure_v myself_o against_o the_o fraud_n design_v by_o my_o debtor_n but_o they_o be_v in_o a_o mistake_n who_o think_v that_o i_o can_v have_v confirm_v myself_o executor_n to_o the_o defunct_a for_o the_o defunct_a be_v not_o my_o debtor_n though_o he_o leave_v a_o legacy_n to_o my_o debtor_n the_o question_n be_v yet_o hard_a with_o we_o in_o conditional_a obligation_n whereof_o i_o shall_v give_v two_o instance_n one_o be_v if_o by_o contract_n betwixt_o my_o debtor_n and_o titius_n titius_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v my_o creditor_n 5000_o mark_n and_o upon_o the_o payment_n thereof_o my_o creditor_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v titius_n as_o his_o vassel_n but_o my_o debtor_n find_v that_o the_o say_v 5000_o mark_n will_v accress_v to_o i_o shall_v upon_o that_o head_n decline_v to_o fulfil_v the_o question_n be_v how_o can_v i_o settle_v in_o my_o own_o person_n a_o right_a to_o the_o say_v 5000_o mark_n and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o proper_a way_n be_v to_o comprise_v from_o my_o debtor_n that_o right_a by_o which_o he_o can_v have_v confirm_v titius_n and_o have_v thus_o put_v myself_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o fulfil_v the_o condition_n upon_o which_o the_o 5000_o mark_n be_v payable_a i_o can_v either_o arrest_v the_o money_n in_o titius_n hand_n and_o force_v he_o to_o make_v it_o forthcoming_a or_o else_o pursue_v a_o ordinary_a action_n against_o he_o wherein_o i_o will_v conclude_v that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v 5000_o mark_n to_o my_o debtor_n upon_o obtain_v a_o confirmation_n from_o he_o shall_v be_v now_o discern_v to_o pay_v i_o the_o say_v 5000_o mark_n as_o have_v come_v in_o place_n of_o his_o say_a creditor_n by_o have_v comprise_v his_o right_n and_o so_o be_v capable_a to_o pursue_v and_o fulfil_v the_o condition_n whereupon_o the_o say_v 5000_o mark_n be_v payable_a but_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o alternative_a will_v not_o hold_v viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o personal_a action_n for_o payment_n and_o that_o because_o albeit_o the_o creditor_n have_v comprise_v the_o right_a whereupon_o he_o may_v confirm_v may_v fulfil_v the_o condition_n yet_o he_o can_v have_v right_o to_o the_o conditional_a obligation_n so_o that_o he_o may_v pursue_v for_o payment_n unless_o it_o be_v settle_v in_o his_o person_n by_o comprise_v arrestment_n or_o some_o other_o legal_a diligence_n the_o second_o case_n be_v if_o titius_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v my_o debtor_n 5000_o mark_n upon_o condition_n that_o my_o debtor_n shall_v build_v he_o a_o house_n the_o question_n be_v how_o i_o if_o my_o debtor_n be_v unwilling_a to_o fulfil_v can_v establish_v a_o right_n to_o the_o say_a sum_n in_o my_o own_o person_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o either_o my_o debtor_n be_v oblige_v express_o by_o way_n of_o mutual_a contract_n to_o build_v the_o say_a house_n to_o titius_n and_o then_o some_o think_v that_o i_o may_v force_v titius_n to_o asigne_v i_o to_o the_o contract_n and_o thereby_o i_o will_v force_v my_o debtor_n to_o fulfil_v his_o part_n but_o yet_o i_o see_v not_o how_o he_o may_v be_v force_v to_o asigne_v i_o or_o from_o what_o that_o obligation_n can_v be_v infer_v other_o think_v that_o i_o may_v arrest_v and_o if_o when_o i_o pursue_v to_o make_v forthcoming_a titius_n shall_v allege_v that_o he_o can_v pay_v until_o the_o condition_n be_v fulfil_v i_o may_v eleid_v that_o allegiance_n by_o this_o reply_n viz._n sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la that_o he_o do_v not_o obtain_v the_o implement_n of_o that_o condition_n by_o registrate_v the_o contract_n and_o force_v my_o debtor_n to_o fulfil_v but_o i_o think_v the_o foresay_a reply_n sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la will_v not_o be_v relevant_a see_v the_o debtor_n be_v secure_a and_o it_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o he_o that_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v for_o implement_n and_o as_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o conditional_a debtor_n will_v not_o be_v hear_v to_o say_v sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la so_o this_o creditor_n who_o can_v be_v in_o no_o better_a case_n can_v reply_v upon_o sibi_fw-la imputet_fw-la but_o if_o my_o debtor_n be_v not_o express_o oblige_v to_o build_v the_o say_a house_n and_o that_o titius_n be_v only_o bind_v to_o pay_v 5000_o mark_n when_o my_o debtor_n shall_v build_v he_o such_o a_o house_n i_o conceive_v that_o eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o my_o say_a debtor_n design_v to_o defraud_v i_o by_o not_o fulfil_v the_o condition_n our_o law_n will_v allow_v i_o no_o remedy_n to_o be_v intent_a by_o any_o true_a creditor_n a_o creditor_n be_v he_o to_o who_o we_o owe_v any_o thing_n against_o which_o we_o can_v defend_v ourselves_o by_o a_o perpetual_a exception_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basil_n the_o verb_n signif_n l._n 10._o by_o these_o word_n it_o clear_o appear_v that_o this_o action_n be_v competent_a to_o all_o creditor_n whether_o they_o be_v creditor_n for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n or_o not_o for_o though_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o narrative_a that_o this_o law_n be_v only_o design_v to_o secure_v such_o as_o be_v creditor_n for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o albeit_o it_o will_v seem_v that_o the_o only_a reason_n why_o that_o this_o law_n be_v introduce_v be_v want_v here_o since_o the_o creditor_n do_v not_o lend_v out_o his_o money_n in_o this_o case_n in_o contemplation_n his_o his_o debtor_n estate_n yet_o since_o in_o the_o construction_n of_o law_n even_o donation_n be_v
good_a right_n and_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v become_v thereby_o creditor_n etiam_fw-la donatarius_fw-la est_fw-la creditor_n post_fw-la quam_fw-la donatio_fw-la est_fw-la completa_fw-la except_o in_o the_o case_n where_o the_o donation_n be_v revockable_a therefore_o this_o action_n be_v likewise_o competent_a to_o they_o and_o so_o it_o have_v be_v oft_o decide_v in_o our_o law_n though_o creditor_n who_o term_n of_o payment_n be_v not_o come_v differ_v from_o such_o who_o debt_n be_v suspend_v by_o some_o condition_n the_o one_o be_v call_v creditor_n conditionalis_fw-la and_o the_o other_o creditor_n in_o diem_fw-la which_o two_o differ_v both_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o yet_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a word_n creditor_n where_o that_o word_n be_v use_v in_o statute_n be_v much_o debate_v cagn_n adl_v 1._o ff_n si_fw-mi certum_fw-la petetur_fw-la be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o be_v not_o true_a creditor_n because_o a_o debtor_n be_v he_o who_o may_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v l._n debtor_n ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n with_o which_o law_n the_o basilick_n do_v agree_v for_o l._n 66._o tit_n basil._n de_fw-fr reg._n jur_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o owe_v to_o a_o day_n or_o under_o a_o condition_n can_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v 2._o the_o law_n call_v a_o conditional_a debt_n the_o hoop_n only_o of_o a_o debt_n exit_fw-la conditionali_fw-la just_a de_fw-fr verb._n obl_a 3._o these_o be_v call_v creditor_n in_o this_o title_n quibus_fw-la ex_fw-la quacunque_fw-la causa_fw-la cum_fw-la debitore_fw-la est_fw-la actio_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v purify_v or_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n there_o can_v be_v no_o action_n l._n caedere_fw-la diem_fw-la &_o l._n creditores_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n signif_n but_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n these_o be_v both_o creditor_n because_o the_o law_n make_v creditor_n to_o be_v genus_fw-la the_o species_n whereof_o be_v creditor_n purus_fw-la creditor_n in_o diem_fw-la &_o creditor_n sub_fw-la conditione_n l._n creditores_fw-la ss_z de_o verb._n signif_n 2._o it_o be_v clear_a per_fw-la l._n aquil._n ss_z ad_fw-la l._n aquil._n that_o a_o conditional_a creditor_n may_v purlue_v to_o have_v his_o debt_n pay_v or_o secure_v when_o the_o term_n come_v though_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v 3._o ille_fw-la veer_fw-la est_fw-la creditor_n qui_fw-la perpetua_fw-la exceptione_n non_fw-la potest_fw-la removeri_fw-la l._n creditores_fw-la ss_z de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o neither_o creditor_n in_o diem_fw-la nor_o creditor_n sub_fw-la conditione_n potest_fw-la perpetua_fw-la exceptione_n removeri_fw-la 4_o in_o reason_n it_o appear_v that_o since_o when_o the_o condition_n be_v purify_v the_o condition_n be_v draw_v back_o to_o the_o date_n of_o the_o contract_n that_o therefore_o the_o conditional_a creditor_n have_v this_o remedy_n competent_a to_o he_o glos_fw-la in_o d._n §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la this_o action_n then_o be_v competent_a to_o creditor_n to_o who_o a_o debt_n be_v conditional_o owe_v but_o be_v not_o to_o take_v effect_n until_o the_o condition_n be_v purify_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o titius_n sell_v i_o his_o land_n with_o absolute_a warrandice_n and_o thereafter_o dispone_v any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n to_o a_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n i_o may_v reduce_v that_o alienation_n as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o i_o though_o the_o land_n sell_v to_o i_o be_v not_o evict_v and_o so_o the_o warrandice_n do_v not_o actual_o take_v place_n which_o case_n though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o decide_v in_o our_o law_n yet_o i_o find_v a_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la sustain_v in_o their_o very_a term_n but_o with_o this_o just_a caution_n viz._n that_o the_o reduction_n shall_v take_v no_o place_n till_o distress_n shall_v follow_v which_o be_v likewise_o decide_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n potior_fw-la ss_z qui_fw-la potiores_fw-la in_o pig_n §_o 1_o where_o also_o the_o former_a caution_n be_v use_v &_o ubi_fw-la conditio_fw-la purificata_fw-la est_fw-la ibi_fw-la conditio_fw-la retrotrahitur_fw-la 30._o this_o action_n be_v even_o competent_a to_o these_o creditor_n who_o term_n of_o payment_n be_v not_o come_v though_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o till_o then_o they_o be_v not_o true_a creditor_n the_o reason_n why_o both_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o allow_v reduction_n in_o these_o case_n be_v common_o think_v to_o be_v lest_o the_o creditor_n to_o who_o the_o alienation_n be_v make_v become_v insol_n vendo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o action_n of_o reduction_n if_o delay_v till_o then_o will_v then_o become_v useless_a but_o if_o the_o land_n or_o other_o dispone_v be_v still_o in_o their_o hand_n it_o do_v not_o import_v whether_o they_o be_v insolvent_a or_o not_o see_v reduction_n be_v in_o rem_fw-la and_o do_v affect_v the_o right_n dispone_v whatever_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n who_o receive_v the_o right_a and_o if_o they_o be_v dispon_v to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n the_o reduction_n can_v be_v effectual_a and_o for_o obviate_a that_o prejudice_n the_o creditor_n may_v inhibit_v the_o true_a reason_n then_o for_o sustain_a reduction_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n in_o diem_fw-la or_o sub_fw-la conditione_n be_v that_o though_o personal_a action_n for_o payment_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o such_o creditor_n before_o the_o day_n or_o the_o condition_n exist_v yet_o they_o may_v obtain_v declarator_n that_o notwithstanding_o of_o such_o fraudulent_a right_n their_o bond_n shall_v be_v effectual_a to_o they_o and_o their_o debtor_n estate_n liable_a to_o they_o and_o to_o execution_n at_o their_o instance_n as_o if_o those_o right_n be_v not_o grant_v and_o upon_o the_o matter_n reduction_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o declarator_n to_o the_o effect_n foresay_a 4._o by_o the_o common_a law_n such_o as_o be_v creditor_n ex_fw-la delicto_fw-la have_v this_o remedy_n which_o though_o some_o lawyer_n have_v contradict_v yet_o it_o be_v most_o clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n l._n 12._o ff_n de_fw-fr verb._n sig_n sed_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la ex_fw-la delicto_fw-la debeatur_fw-la mihi_fw-la videtur_fw-la posse_fw-la creditor_n be_v loco_fw-la accipi_fw-la for_o though_o he_o only_o be_v a_o creditor_n who_o faith_n we_o have_v follow_v l._n 1._o ff_n si_fw-la certum_fw-la petat_fw-la and_o that_o the_o party_n injure_v can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v follow_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o injurer_n yet_o that_o law_n express_v only_o one_o quality_n of_o a_o creditor_n and_o there_o be_v many_o creditor_n who_o faith_n we_o have_v not_o follow_v and_o yet_o i_o have_v see_v this_o debate_v in_o our_o law_n february_n 1674._o lindsay_n contra_fw-la grace_n of_o haystoun_n in_o which_o pursuit_n a_o reduction_n be_v raise_v by_o lindsay_n against_o haystoun_n of_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o haystoun_n by_o he_o who_o have_v murder_v her_o husband_n after_o the_o murder_n commit_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o assythment_n due_a to_o she_o and_o thereafter_o decern_v to_o she_o by_o the_o exchequer_n from_o which_o reduction_n the_o lord_n assoilzy_v because_o haystoun_n be_v not_o oblige_v in_o law_n to_o know_v of_o the_o murder_n nor_o do_v any_o register_n put_v he_o in_o mala_fw-la side_n and_o singular_a successor_n be_v only_o oblige_v to_o seek_v the_o register_n and_o she_o have_v only_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o murderer_n escheet_n he_o be_v denounce_v in_o absence_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o assythment_n due_a to_o she_o the_o lord_n find_v she_o may_v pursue_v declaratour_n of_o escheet_n but_o can_v not_o pursue_v real_a action_n and_o general_o with_o we_o in_o scotland_n he_o who_o commit_v a_o crime_n be_v either_o only_o denounce_v fugitive_n and_o in_o that_o case_n his_o escheet_n only_o fall_v or_o he_o get_v a_o remission_n and_o then_o there_o be_v a_o assythment_n due_a but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o case_n reduction_n upon_o this_o statute_n be_v sustain_v or_o else_o the_o murderer_n die_v and_o then_o nothing_o be_v due_a even_o by_o way_n of_o assythment_n with_o we_o but_o this_o first_o seem_v unreasonable_a or_o at_o least_o severe_a for_o if_o a_o person_n shall_v commit_v a_o crime_n against_o i_o and_o shall_v thereafter_o to_o defraud_v i_o of_o that_o assythment_n and_o just_a reparation_n that_o be_v due_a to_o i_o dispon_o his_o estate_n to_o a_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n it_o seem_v very_o unjust_a that_o i_o shall_v be_v disappoint_v of_o my_o just_a satisfaction_n by_o this_o voluntar_n deed_n of_o he_o and_o as_o this_o be_v not_o suitable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n so_o neither_o seem_v it_o suitable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o law_n for_o tantum_fw-la facit_fw-la quis_fw-la delinquendo_fw-la quantum_fw-la facit_fw-la se_fw-la obligando_fw-la and_o
least_o that_o each_o child_n become_v creditor_n to_o he_o and_o so_o something_o be_v due_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o consequent_o he_o defraud_v they_o by_o his_o dispon_n all_o to_o to_o any_o one_o but_o for_o the_o other_o sister_n to_o who_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o father_n be_v debtor_n only_o to_o the_o bairn_n of_o that_o marriage_n tanquam_fw-la stirpi_fw-la and_o so_o he_o satisfy_v his_o obligation_n by_o dispone_v his_o land_n worth_a that_o sum_n to_o any_o one_o of_o they_o but_o be_v not_o debtor_n to_o they_o in_o capita_fw-la 2._o the_o design_n of_o the_o party_n contracter_n in_o such_o case_n be_v only_o to_o secure_v the_o sum_n to_o the_o issue_n of_o that_o marriage_n without_o consideration_n of_o any_o division_n for_o this_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o secure_v against_o child_n of_o other_o marriage_n but_o not_o to_o secure_v one_o child_n against_o another_o and_o there_o may_v be_v some_o reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a of_o the_o father_n in_o the_o one_o case_n but_o not_o in_o the_o other_o 3._o this_o restriction_n be_v contrair_a to_o the_o father_n patria_fw-la potestas_fw-la and_o the_o law_n be_v never_o jealous_a of_o the_o father_n affection_n but_o presume_v that_o his_o division_n will_v be_v just_a and_o what_o judge_n shall_v be_v just_a to_o child_n then_o a_o father_n 4._o it_o be_v against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o restrain_v or_o take_v away_o the_o father_n power_n of_o distribution_n in_o such_o case_n which_o be_v the_o great_a curb_n that_o the_o father_n have_v upon_o his_o child_n for_o make_v they_o good_a child_n or_o good_a citizen_n and_o be_v it_o not_o against_o reason_n that_o if_o the_o two_o sister_n have_v be_v very_o vicious_a and_o the_o three_o most_o virtuous_a that_o the_o father_n shall_v have_v be_v so_o bind_v up_o that_o he_o can_v not_o gratify_v the_o one_o or_o that_o he_o behove_v to_o provide_v the_o other_o with_o money_n to_o serve_v their_o lust_n 5._o it_o be_v ordinar_n to_o provide_v express_o that_o the_o money_n so_o provide_v to_o the_o child_n shall_v be_v divide_v as_o the_o father_n please_v and_o the_o law_n use_v to_o decide_v general_a case_n according_a to_o what_o be_v ordinary_o pactioned_a presume_v that_o to_o be_v the_o tacit_n will_v of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v ordinary_o the_o express_a will_n of_o other_o party_n likeas_n if_o it_o have_v be_v controvert_v among_o the_o party_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v subscribe_v who_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o power_n of_o division_n certain_o it_o have_v be_v allow_v to_o the_o father_n to_o which_o last_o i_o incline_v except_o it_o can_v be_v allege_v that_o all_o be_v equal_o deserve_v and_o that_o the_o father_n or_o child_n prefer_v have_v use_v indirect_a mean_n in_o prefer_v one_o to_o the_o rest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o testament_n quarela_fw-la testamenti_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la si_fw-la with_o we_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v some_o place_n perhaps_o for_o the_o judge_n to_o interpose_v in_o such_o case_n i_o find_v by_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o doctor_n a_o father_n dispone_v to_o one_o child_n a_o necessary_a portion_n be_v not_o say_v to_o defraud_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n to_o who_o he_o dispone_v former_o nam_fw-la hoc_fw-la potius_fw-la tribuendum_fw-la pietati_fw-la quam_fw-la fraudi_fw-la and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o for_o this_o reason_n libertus_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la patroni_fw-la filie_n dotem_fw-la constituere_fw-la poterat_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o sed_fw-la si_fw-la ff_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o fraud_n patro_fw-la but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o we_o in_o all_o case_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v it_o have_v be_v likewise_o debate_v whether_o provision_n by_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n in_o their_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v such_o onerous_a cause_n as_o may_v defend_v the_o child_n against_o reduction_n upon_o this_o act_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o crave_v disposition_n make_v to_o they_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o these_o obligation_n to_o be_v reduce_v for_o upon_o the_o one_o part_n it_o seem_v that_o since_o they_o be_v creditor_n who_o may_v pursue_v and_o distress_n their_o father_n therefore_o their_o father_n may_v dispone_v his_o estate_n and_o this_o be_v both_o a_o necessary_a and_o a_o prior_n debt_n and_o so_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o act_n which_o declare_v only_o such_o right_n reduceable_a as_o be_v grant_v without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n and_o provision_n of_o child_n by_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v the_o ordinary_a allowable_a remedy_n grant_v to_o such_o as_o pay_v tocher_n with_o their_o daughter_n or_o provide_v their_o son_n desire_v to_o see_v their_o grand_a child_n thus_o secure_v but_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o seem_v very_o hard_a that_o such_o latent_fw-la deed_n as_o contract_n of_o marriage_n which_o creditor_n can_v know_v shall_v be_v sustain_v as_o onerous_a cause_n to_o seclude_v they_o and_o that_o the_o debtor_n own_o child_n shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o creditor_n and_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o debate_n as_o to_o this_o point_n where_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n because_o there_o the_o heir_n must_v represent_v the_o grant_a and_o so_o can_v reduce_v his_o deed_n so_o where_o the_o provision_n be_v make_v to_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n yet_o creditor_n be_v prefer_v to_o they_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bannerman_n of_o elsick_n contra_fw-la haystoun_n but_o upon_o the_o 3._o july_n 1673._o in_o a_o action_n gordon_n contra_fw-la fraser_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o a_o right_n to_o movable_n make_v by_o the_o father_n to_o his_o child_n be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o posterior_n creditor_n though_o it_o be_v make_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o mother_n contract_n of_o marriage_n except_o the_o child_n will_v allege_v that_o the_o father_n be_v not_o bankrupt_a but_o have_v a_o sufficient_a estate_n to_o pay_v the_o pursuer_n for_o they_o think_v it_o much_o more_o reasonable_a that_o the_o child_n shall_v loose_v by_o their_o father_n than_o the_o creditor_n it_o have_v be_v controvert_v whether_o a_o right_o make_v by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n in_o law_n for_o a_o tocher_n be_v reduceable_a by_o a_o anterior_a creditor_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v in_o all_o case_n man_n may_v easy_o prefer_v their_o child_n to_o their_o creditor_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o at_o least_o the_o right_a so_o make_v shall_v only_o be_v esteem_v onerous_a in_o quantum_fw-la it_o extend_v to_o such_o a_o value_n as_o may_v be_v a_o suitable_a tocher_n for_o such_o a_o man_n daughter_n or_o else_o it_o shall_v be_v repute_n onerous_a in_o so_o far_o as_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o joyntur_fw-la give_v by_o the_o husband_n or_o to_o the_o aliment_n that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v upon_o her_o stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la though_o he_o be_v by_o contract_n oblige_v to_o no_o joyntur_fw-la nor_o have_v any_o joyntur_fw-la to_o give_v she_o et_fw-fr it_z a_o do_v est_fw-la titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la mariti_fw-la quiâ—_n datur_fw-la pro_fw-la oneribus_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la sustinendis_fw-la l._n pro._n oneribus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr jur_fw-fr dot_v sed_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la uxoris_fw-la do_v est_fw-la titulus_fw-la lucrativus_fw-la l._n quâ—_n liberos_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la nuptiar_fw-la l._n sin_n c._n the_o dotie_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d basilic_n l._n 25._o s._n 1._o hoc_fw-la do_fw-mi and_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n a_o joyntur_fw-la to_o the_o wife_n be_v titulus_fw-la onerosus_fw-la in_o swa_o far_o as_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o husband_n estate_n as_o be_v find_v novemb_n 1665._o contra_fw-la russel_n but_o if_o the_o husband_n shall_v dispone_v all_o his_o opulent_a estate_n to_o his_o wife_n as_o a_o joyntur_fw-la i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o three_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o prior_n creditor_n both_o because_o a_o tierce_n be_v the_o provision_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o wife_n if_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n and_o so_o be_v the_o legal_a quota_fw-la and_o because_o right_n make_v by_o a_o man_n upon_o death_n bed_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o heir_n be_v restrict_v to_o a_o tierce_n but_o if_o the_o contract_n bearâ—_n the_o land_n to_o be_v dispone_v to_o the_o son_n in_o law_n for_o love_n and_o favour_n that_o narative_a prove_v titulum_fw-la lucra_fw-la tivum_fw-la though_o real_o no_o other_o tocher_n be_v bestow_v and_o though_o a_o jointure_n be_v give_v as_o be_v find_v betwixt_o graham_n and_o stewart_n how_o far_o a_o wife_n be_v creditrix_fw-la by_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n and_o may_v reduce_v posterior_n deed_n as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o it_o be_v debateable_a in_o many_o case_n
disposition_n for_o payment_n of_o it_o against_o the_o creditor_n and_o yet_o this_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o onerous_a cause_n for_o the_o loose_a hazard_v as_o much_o of_o his_o own_o against_o what_o he_o gain_v and_o so_o this_o game_n be_v but_o the_o return_n of_o his_o money_n and_o like_v to_o emptio_fw-la jactus_fw-la retis_fw-la and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o by_o the_o 13._o act_n 23._o pa._n ja._n 6._o the_o superplus_n of_o what_o be_v gain_v at_o game_n above_o 100_o pound_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v consign_v for_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n and_o so_o the_o disposition_n make_v for_o payment_n of_o it_o must_v accresse_n to_o they_o and_o be_v still_o a_o onerous_a and_o necessary_a debt_n quoad_fw-la the_o loose_a and_o consequent_o be_v not_o reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o his_o creditor_n yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o such_o a_o disposition_n will_v be_v reduceable_a at_o their_o instance_n as_o not_o make_v for_o a_o just_a cause_n since_o it_o be_v make_v for_o a_o cause_n upon_o which_o the_o law_n will_v not_o allow_v action_n and_o the_o civilian_n number_n what_o be_v gain_v at_o game_n among_o lucrative_a cause_n bald._n adl_v i_o c._n si_fw-la quid_fw-la in_o fraud_n patron_n and_o general_o what_o be_v acquire_v unlawful_o be_v by_o they_o say_v to_o be_v acquire_v titulo_fw-la lucrativo_fw-la jason_n hic_fw-la num_fw-la 8._o and_o thus_o disposition_n grant_v ob_fw-la turpem_fw-la causam_fw-la etc._n etc._n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v reduceable_a also_o upon_o this_o statute_n as_o grant_v without_o a_o just_a and_o onerous_a cause_n according_a to_o they_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v without_o a_o just_a cause_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o term_n of_o this_o act._n and_o i_o think_v we_o speak_v more_o proper_o than_o the_o civilian_n here_o for_o what_o be_v gain_v at_o game_n rather_o want_v a_o just_a cause_n than_o a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o necessary_a cause_n disposition_n make_v to_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n may_v be_v quarrel_v though_o they_o be_v make_v for_o a_o just_a and_o onerous_a cause_n if_o they_o be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o it_o may_v be_v fraudulent_a and_o be_v design_v to_o prejudice_v creditor_n except_o the_o cause_n be_v necessary_a though_o it_o be_v onerous_a as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o conjnuct_n or_o confident_a person_n know_v that_o his_o debtor_n intend_v to_o frustrate_v his_o creditor_n and_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o yet_o presume_v that_o a_o right_o grant_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n can_v be_v quarrel_v shall_v so_o far_o comply_v with_o his_o fraudulent_a design_n as_o to_o buy_v land_n from_o he_o and_o to_o pay_v he_o the_o price_n upon_o that_o design_n such_o a_o transaction_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v fraudulent_a and_o liable_a to_o be_v question_v upon_o thus_o act_n and_o these_o word_n of_o it_o without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n to_o have_v be_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o to_o be_v in_o all_o time_n come_v null_n and_o of_o none_o avail_v force_n strength_n or_o effect_n by_o way_n of_o action_n exception_n or_o or_o reply_v without_o any_o further_a declarator_n by_o this_o paragraph_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o nullity_n arise_v from_o this_o statute_n be_v reduceable_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n as_o well_o as_o action_n open_a exceptionis_fw-la as_o our_o practic_n term_v it_o and_o this_o be_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o be_v leise_v by_o the_o fraud_n who_o advantage_n it_o be_v to_o have_v his_o interest_n sustain_v to_o he_o any_o way_n and_o so_o to_o have_v his_o diligence_n thus_o shorten_v for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o these_o word_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n nullity_n be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v receive_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o open_v exceptionis_fw-la that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v null_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la where_o the_o thing_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o any_o express_a law_n as_o this_o be_v by_o this_o statute_n quod_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la fit_a pro_fw-la infecto_fw-la habetur_fw-la &_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la l._n non_fw-la dubium_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr legib_fw-la that_o be_v nullum_fw-la open_v exceptionis_fw-la which_o be_v not_o receiveable_a except_o the_o nullity_n have_v be_v propon_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v competent_a but_o in_o our_o law_n nullum_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la open_a exceptionis_fw-la be_v the_o same_o &_o termini_fw-la convertibiles_fw-la and_o with_o we_o the_o opposition_n be_v betwixt_o nullum_fw-la open_a exceptionis_fw-la &_o actionis_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o difference_n proceed_v from_o the_o favour_n design_v by_o the_o law_n quoad_fw-la the_o form_n of_o procedure_v for_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v null_a by_o way_n of_o exception_n it_o be_v receive_v summary_o against_o the_o pursuit_n without_o raise_v a_o action_n of_o reduction_n or_o declarator_n but_o what_o be_v only_o null_a by_o way_n of_o action_n needs_o process_n of_o reduction_n or_o declarator_n by_o the_o common_a law_n either_o a_o penalty_n be_v not_o adject_v to_o the_o prohibitory_a law_n but_o the_o thing_n be_v simpliciter_fw-la prohibit_v and_o these_o thing_n be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n but_o if_o the_o law_n proceed_v further_o and_o adject_v a_o penalty_n then_o either_o the_o penalty_n be_v adject_v to_o the_o annul_n of_o the_o deed_n and_o then_o the_o deed_n whereby_o the_o law_n be_v contraveen_v and_o the_o penalty_n be_v both_o due_a or_o else_o the_o deed_n be_v declare_v null_n but_o so_o that_o it_o be_v some_o way_n allow_v to_o subsist_v but_o a_o remedy_n be_v appoint_v and_o then_o it_o be_v not_o null_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la but_o be_v reduceable_a by_o the_o way_n appoint_v according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a law_n this_o nullity_n be_v receiveable_a ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la for_o quod_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la fit_a id_fw-la ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la nullum_fw-la est_fw-la but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o this_o alienation_n in_o defraud_n of_o crediror_n be_v declare_v null_a by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n be_v declare_v null_n that_o nullity_n shall_v be_v receivable_a open_a exceptionis_fw-la and_o yet_o by_o our_o practice_n the_o nullity_n arise_v from_o this_o act_n be_v ofttimes_o receive_v only_o by_o way_n of_o reduction_n whereby_o the_o lord_n have_v recede_v from_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o only_a reason_n i_o can_v give_v for_o for_o it_o be_v that_o the_o author_n or_o disponer_n must_v be_v call_v to_o maintain_v his_o right_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o nullity_n be_v receiveable_a open_a exceptionis_fw-la and_o if_o the_o disponer_n be_v call_v he_o may_v eleid_v the_o the_o pursuit_n by_o allege_v that_o the_o debt_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o which_o his_o right_n be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v be_v pay_v or_o discharge_v or_o become_v extinct_a by_o compensation_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v be_v know_v to_o the_o receiver_n and_o yet_o i_o find_v in_o some_o case_n this_o nullity_n receivable_a open_a exceptiovis_n v_o g._n if_o the_o right_a bear_n to_o be_v for_o love_n and_o favour_n for_o here_o there_o need_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v fraudulent_a and_o it_o be_v a_o principle_n that_o where_o the_o nullity_n be_v found_v upon_o law_n and_o the_o subsumption_n be_v instant_o verify_v that_o â—o_o casu_fw-la the_o nullity_n be_v receiveable_a open_a exceptionis_fw-la and_o in_o my_o humble_a opinion_n where_o ever_o the_o fraud_n can_v be_v instant_o verify_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v receive_v open_a exceptionis_fw-la and_o the_o former_a and_o ordinary_a reason_n viz._n that_o the_o disponer_n shall_v be_v call_v because_o he_o may_v allege_v the_o debt_n to_o be_v pay_v seem_v not_o to_o be_v good_a because_o that_o nullity_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o be_v propon_v by_o way_n of_o exception_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o competition_n betwixt_o the_o creditor_n and_o confident_a person_n both_o pretend_v right_o to_o the_o land_n and_o other_o dispon_v which_o can_v be_v but_o where_o the_o creditor_n have_v comprise_v and_o though_o before_o comprise_v the_o creditor_n ought_v to_o cite_v the_o disponer_n in_o his_o reduction_n which_o be_v processus_fw-la executivus_fw-la and_o previous_a to_o and_o in_o order_n to_o execution_n by_o comprise_v yet_o after_o ultimat_fw-la exeecution_n by_o comprise_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v cite_v upon_o that_o pretence_n that_o he_o may_v question_v the_o debt_n as_o satisfy_v 2._o i_o find_v that_o disposition_n of_o movable_n have_v be_v find_v null_a by_o way_n exception_n though_o nullity_n of_o heritable_a right_n be_v not_o find_v thursday_n without_o reduction_n or_o declarator_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v decide_v 16._o june_n 1671._o bower_n contra_fw-la the_o lady_n coupar_n the_o
able_a lawyer_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v also_o whether_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o right_n from_o the_o interpose_a person_n know_v not_o that_o the_o right_o be_v fraudulent_a the_o time_n of_o the_o alienation_n but_o know_v before_o he_o receive_v the_o thing_n sell_v that_o the_o first_o alienation_n be_v fraudulent_a whether_o this_o right_n be_v reduceable_a or_o not_o and_o it_o seem_v that_o if_o he_o know_v either_o the_o time_n of_o the_o vendition_n or_o tradition_n that_o the_o right_o be_v fraudulent_a that_o he_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la and_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o exception_n for_o traditionibus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la venditionibus_fw-la transferuntur_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominia_fw-la and_o so_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o purchase_v a_o right_n bona_fw-la side_n who_o know_v before_o tradition_n the_o fault_n of_o the_o right_o dispone_v and_o he_o may_v have_v keep_v the_o price_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o tradition_n and_o so_o need_v not_o have_v be_v prejudge_v likeas_n it_o be_v a_o principle_n in_o law_n that_o bona_fw-la side_n requiritur_fw-la in_o emptionibus_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la contractus_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la factae_fw-la traditionis_fw-la l._n 2._o ff_n pro_fw-la empt_v &_o l._n fin._n ff_n pro_fw-la solut_a though_o the_o doctor_n give_v as_o a_o rule_n that_o such_o alienation_n be_v reduceable_a as_o be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o receiver_n be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la yet_o they_o except_v two_o case_n from_o this_o rule_n first_o deed_n do_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o fisk_n or_o of_o a_o city_n or_o incorporation_n which_o they_o declare_v reduceable_a though_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n de_fw-fr debitore_fw-la civitatis_fw-la but_o i_o think_v this_o most_o unreasonable_a nor_o will_v it_o hold_v in_o our_o law_n for_o as_o the_o act_n make_v no_o exception_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o â—isk_n so_o in_o dubio_fw-la semper_fw-la contra_fw-la siscum_fw-la respondendum_fw-la and_o since_o this_o three_o party_n be_v only_o privilege_v because_o of_o his_o bona_fw-la side_n i_o see_v not_o why_o he_o shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o the_o mala_n side_n of_o his_o author_n or_o why_o he_o shall_v loose_v his_o privilege_n where_o he_o can_v allege_v his_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la the_o second_o exception_n be_v in_o favour_n of_o a_o patron_n who_o may_v revock_n the_o good_n sell_v though_o the_o buyer_n be_v not_o particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o fraudem_fw-la patro_fw-la but_o in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o price_n ibid._n we_o have_v no_o use_n for_o this_o in_o our_o law_n and_o yet_o by_o our_o law_n master_n have_v no_o such_o a_o tacita_fw-la hypotheca_fw-la in_o the_o farm_n that_o grow_v upon_o their_o own_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v reduce_v any_o disposition_n make_v thereof_o even_o to_o a_o buyer_n who_o be_v not_o particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la so_o favourable_a likewise_o be_v singular_a successor_n who_o be_v not_o particepes_fw-mi fraudis_fw-la that_o a_o tack_v be_v crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la fraudis_fw-la as_o grant_v and_o deliver_v blank_n quoad_fw-la the_o issue_n or_o endurance_n and_o in_o the_o blank_a eight_o year_n be_v fill_v in_o whereas_o ninteen_o year_n be_v only_o commune_v upon_o this_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v the_o tack_v quoad_fw-la the_o tacks-man_n who_o have_v acquire_v right_o to_o the_o tack_v for_o but_o not_o quoad_fw-la a_o singular_a successor_n for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n without_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la first_o decem._n 1671._o crichtoun_n contra_fw-la crichtoun_n and_o hannan_n and_o a_o disposition_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v reduce_v as_o grant_v by_o a_o person_n who_o be_v only_o a_o trusty_a have_v give_v a_o back-band_n the_o disposition_n though_o make_v as_o say_v be_v to_o a_o singular_a successor_n be_v find_v to_o be_v reduceable_a if_o the_o right_o be_v make_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n or_o that_o the_o singular_a successor_n know_v of_o the_o disponer_n back-band_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o personal_a obligement_n and_o not_o in_o gremio_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o consequent_o can_v not_o in_o law_n have_v otherwise_o affect_v a_o singular_a successor_n 20_o novem_n 1672._o george_n workman_n contra_fw-la john_n crafurd_n and_o it_o have_v be_v often_o find_v in_o our_o law_n that_o though_o gift_n of_o escheat_n take_v to_o defraud_v creditor_n be_v reduceable_a in_o the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o take_v they_o yet_o they_o be_v sustain_v when_o establish_v by_o assignation_n in_o singular_a successor_n no_o way_n partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n and_o a_o assignay_n be_v not_o in_o law_n obliedge_v to_o suffer_v his_o cedent_fw-la to_o swear_v in_o his_o prejudice_n if_o his_o assignation_n be_v make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n but_o if_o either_o the_o assignation_n be_v grant_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n or_o be_v make_v upon_o design_n to_o preclude_v the_o debtor_n from_o these_o just_a remedy_n than_o whatever_o be_v competent_a against_o the_o cedent_fw-la be_v competent_a against_o the_o assignay_n so_o that_o we_o may_v establish_v this_o general_a rule_n viz._n particepe_v fraudis_fw-la have_v never_o the_o privilege_n competent_a to_o singular_a successor_n if_o the_o disposition_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o interpose_a person_n for_o payment_n of_o a_o price_n but_o the_o price_n be_v not_o equivalent_a to_o the_o thing_n sell_v then_o in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o thing_n exceed_v the_o price_n the_o disposition_n will_v be_v reduce_v but_o it_o will_v stand_v in_o quantum_fw-la it_o exceed_v even_o as_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n will_v be_v valid_a in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v onerous_a for_o in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n be_v the_o disposition_n absolute_o revockable_a but_o either_o the_o conjunct_a person_n in_o the_o one_o case_n or_o the_o singular_a successor_n in_o the_o other_o will_v be_v obliedge_v to_o make_v up_o the_o true_a and_o just_a price_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n henderson_n contra_fw-la henderson_n and_o the_o 12._o janu._n 1632._o skeen_n contra_fw-la betson_n which_o be_v likewise_o more_o full_o clear_a by_o these_o word_n of_o the_o act_n viz._n provide_v always_o that_o so_o much_o of_o the_o say_n land_n good_n or_o price_n thereof_o so_o trust_v by_o bankrupt_n to_o interpose_a person_n as_o have_v be_v real_o pay_v shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o they_o they_o make_v the_o rest_n forthcoming_a to_o the_o remnant_n creditor_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o the_o law_n do_v not_o absolute_o oppose_v the_o alienation_n but_o only_o do_v reprobate_v it_o in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v do_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o creditor_n and_o therefore_o the_o law_n resolve_v not_o to_o pursue_v its_o revenge_n further_o than_o its_o design_n do_v reasonable_o ordain_v that_o these_o disposition_n make_v in_o defraud_n of_o creditor_n shall_v only_o be_v quarrelable_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o price_n be_v not_o equivalent_a this_o be_v likewise_o fit_a for_o commerce_n which_o be_v never_o restrain_v in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o this_o be_v very_o suitable_a to_o the_o analogy_n of_o law_n in_o other_o case_n for_o thus_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n he_o who_o have_v take_v a_o obligation_n for_o more_o annualrent_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v do_v not_o thereby_o loose_a all_o his_o own_o annualrent_n but_o only_o loose_v they_o in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o exceed_v the_o quota_fw-la prescrive_v by_o law_n l._n placuit_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr usuris_fw-la and_o a_o donation_n bear_v a_o great_a sum_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v when_o the_o donation_n be_v not_o insinuate_v or_o registrate_v do_v not_o lose_v the_o whole_a but_o only_o quatenus_fw-la superat_fw-la definitionem_fw-la legis_fw-la l._n sancimus_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr donat_fw-la and_o in_o our_o law_n though_o it_o be_v by_o express_a statute_n appoint_v that_o tack_n set_v by_o inferior_a benefice_a person_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n for_o long_a than_o three_o year_n shall_v be_v null_a yet_o quoad_fw-la these_o three_o year_n they_o be_v still_o sustain_v and_o be_v not_o annule_v in_o totum_fw-la and_o albeit_o by_o another_o statute_n all_o band_n and_o other_o writ_n not_o subscribe_v by_o the_o party_n or_o two_o nottar_n for_o he_o be_v declare_v null_n if_o exceed_v one_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o though_o grant_v for_o a_o great_a sum_n it_o will_v be_v valid_a if_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v restrict_n it_o to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o though_o witness_n can_v prove_v nothing_o above_o a_o hundred_o pound_n yet_o though_o the_o sum_n crave_v be_v great_a the_o pursuit_n will_v be_v sustain_v to_o be_v prove_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la if_o restrict_v to_o a_o hundred_o pound_n and_o
have_v proceed_v so_o far_o according_a to_o the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n which_o have_v appear_v that_o where_o bond_n have_v be_v produce_v prove_v the_o disponer_n to_o be_v debtor_n prior_n to_o the_o disposition_n they_o have_v yet_o ordain_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o these_o bond_n to_o be_v prove_v because_o if_o confident_a person_n design_v to_o cheat_v their_o creditor_n they_o may_v as_o easy_o grant_v bond_n bear_v borrow_a money_n and_o then_o disposition_n for_o payment_n of_o these_o bond_n as_o they_o may_v simple_o grant_v disposition_n bear_v onerous_a cause_n and_o as_o a_o minor_n disposition_n will_v not_o be_v find_v prove_v to_o be_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n though_o grant_v for_o payment_n of_o a_o precede_a bond_n so_o neither_o shall_v a_o disposition_n grant_v by_o a_o bankrupt_a for_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v as_o prone_a to_o cheat_v as_o a_o minor_a be_v to_o be_v cheat_v and_o therefore_o if_o the_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n be_v very_o strong_a they_o will_v ordain_v the_o party_n receiver_n to_o instruct_v the_o onerous_a cause_n even_o of_o the_o precede_a bond_n by_o the_o party_n who_o receive_v and_o the_o witness_n who_o be_v present_a or_o else_o will_v ordain_v the_o conceal_a band_n to_o be_v produce_v or_o at_o least_o the_o party_n receiver_n to_o depon_n thereupon_o as_o be_v find_v december_n 1671_o duff_n contra_fw-la brown_n and_o december_n 1773._o campbell_n against_o campbell_n in_o which_o last_o case_n a_o woman_n be_v creditrix_fw-la by_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n as_o be_v provide_v to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o movable_n which_o shall_v pertain_v to_o her_o husband_n the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o to_o 200._o mark_v out_o of_o the_o other_o half_a pursue_v reduction_n of_o a_o disposition_n make_v to_o her_o husband_n brother_n of_o his_o movable_n who_o defend_v himself_o by_o a_o disposition_n make_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n viz._n a_o bond_n grant_v by_o his_o brother_n to_o he_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o brother_n to_o who_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v shall_v prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o that_o bond_n for_o though_o the_o bond_n bear_v onerous_a cause_n yet_o it_o be_v easy_a by_o such_o bond_n to_o cheat_v creditor_n and_o it_o be_v presumeable_a in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o bond_n be_v not_o grant_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n since_o payment_n of_o annualrent_a and_o execution_n be_v defer_v till_o the_o granter_n death_n notwithstanding_o of_o which_o presumption_n the_o lord_n allow_v the_o receiver_n to_o give_v his_o oath_n upon_o the_o onerous_a cause_n especial_o see_v it_o be_v ordinar_n for_o brother_n to_o spare_v their_o brother_n both_o as_o to_o annualrent_a and_o as_o to_o execution_n and_o much_o more_o when_o the_o brother_n who_o grant_v the_o bond_n be_v sick_a and_o will_v die_v short_o in_o all_o humane_a probability_n nor_o do_v they_o think_v fit_a to_o burden_v the_o receiver_n with_o other_o probation_n of_o the_o onerous_a cause_n since_o the_o disposition_n bear_v to_o be_v for_o onerous_a cause_n and_o the_o bond_n be_v produce_v bear_v to_o be_v for_o onerous_a cause_n also_o so_o that_o to_o require_v a_o high_a probation_n backward_o be_v dare_v progressum_fw-la in_o infinitum_fw-la and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o brother_n have_v such_o private_a transaction_n trust_n and_o lend_n that_o they_o pay_v and_o receive_v money_n to_o and_o from_o one_o another_o without_o witness_n 5._o when_o band_n be_v grant_v to_o trafficque_a merchant_n who_o be_v brother_n in_o law_n or_o such_o relation_n as_o be_v know_v to_o be_v man_n of_o integrity_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o put_v they_o to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o their_o oath_n for_o merchant_n and_o other_o use_v to_o adhibite_fw-la witness_n to_o all_o their_o bargain_n and_o in_o many_o case_n they_o can_v have_v witness_n to_o their_o bargain_n be_v make_v abroad_o and_o in_o remote_a country_n and_o to_o tie_v they_o not_o to_o make_v bargain_n with_o their_o near_a relation_n with_o who_o ordinary_o they_o enter_v into_o society_n be_v to_o ruin_v all_o commerce_n and_o though_o movable_n use_v to_o be_v dispon_v without_o writ_n nor_o do_v the_o law_n require_v any_o writ_n to_o their_o transmission_n yet_o in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o anderson_n the_o lord_n force_v he_o to_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n of_o his_o disposition_n to_o howat_n movable_n though_o he_o allege_v that_o he_o can_v be_v in_o a_o worse_a condition_n by_o his_o have_v a_o disposition_n than_o he_o will_v have_v be_v without_o it_o but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o his_o right_n to_o movable_n will_v have_v be_v sufficient_a without_o writ_n but_o here_o there_o be_v a_o disposition_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o disposition_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o reduce_v a_o right_o make_v to_o movable_n because_o i_o can_v not_o prove_v the_o onerous_a cause_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o i_o buy_v a_o horse_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n no_o creditor_n of_o the_o seller_n can_v force_v i_o to_o prove_v the_o price_n to_o be_v pay_v 6._o sometime_o the_o lord_n use_v to_o suffer_v the_o receiver_n to_o astruct_v the_o onerousnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n by_o one_o or_o more_o witness_n and_o to_o give_v their_o oath_n in_o supplement_n and_o according_a as_o the_o relation_n be_v remote_a or_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o receiver_n honesty_n strong_a they_o lessen_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o strong_a adminicle_n and_o thus_o the_o 5._o july_n 1673._o in_o the_o case_n of_o margaret_n home_n contra_fw-la smith_n they_o sustain_v one_o witness_n depon_v that_o he_o be_v witness_n to_o such_o a_o bond_n and_o that_o he_o hear_v the_o grant_a of_o the_o bond_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v debtor_n to_o be_v sufficient_a adminicle_n be_v join_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n of_o supplement_n and_o in_o the_o case_n above_o cite_v 18._o november_n 1669._o anderson_n disposition_n be_v quarrel_v as_o be_v omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la and_o for_o a_o false_a cause_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sum_n for_o which_o it_o be_v grant_v be_v pay_v before_o the_o disposition_n yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o disposition_n in_o swae_n far_o as_o it_o be_v grant_v for_o sum_n owe_v before_o the_o disposition_n to_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o anderson_n himself_o and_o of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o for_o what_o sum_n be_v pay_v before_o diligence_n at_o the_o pursuer_n instance_n though_o after_o the_o disposition_n to_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o common_a debtor_n and_o of_o these_o to_o who_o the_o debt_n be_v pay_v and_o yet_o where_o the_o disposition_n do_v bear_v to_o be_v not_o in_o general_a for_o payment_n of_o the_o granter_n debt_n but_o particular_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n after_o specify_v and_o some_o of_o the_o debt_n be_v fill_v up_o with_o new_a and_o different_a ink_n the_o lord_n will_v not_o allow_v these_o debt_n except_o the_o defender_n will_v offer_v to_o prove_v that_o these_o debt_n be_v fill_v up_o before_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi do_v diligence_n as_o a_o creditor_n after_o which_o time_n there_o be_v jus_o quesitum_fw-la to_o he_o by_o his_o diligence_n as_o no_o disposition_n can_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o prejudice_n so_o neither_o can_v he_o be_v prejudge_v by_o fill_v up_o other_o creditor_n name_n than_o these_o contain_v in_o the_o first_o disposition_n for_o else_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o cheat_v all_o creditor_n by_o such_o blank_n and_o yet_o here_o it_o be_v offer_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o it_o be_v commune_v express_o at_o the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o disposition_n that_o these_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v which_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v sufficient_a be_v propon_v in_o fortification_n of_o the_o disposition_n which_o be_v prior_n to_o the_o creditor_n diligence_n 15._o january_n 1670._o lady_n lucy_n hamilton_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o dunlap_n and_o other_o these_o remark_n may_v reconcile_v the_o contrair_a decision_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o this_o head_n such_o as_o the_o 22._o january_n 1630._o pringle_n contra_fw-la mr._n mark_v ker._n wherein_o the_o lord_n find_v no_o necessity_n to_o burden_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi that_o he_o shall_v prove_v a_o true_a and_o onerous_a cause_n otherwise_o then_o by_o his_o own_o oath_n because_o as_o be_v there_o observe_v when_o party_n borrow_v money_n or_o contract_n mutual_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n to_o prove_v the_o borrow_n or_o contract_n but_o by_o the_o writ_n then_o make_v and_o find_v express_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o negative_a which_o prove_v itself_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o 12._o february_n 1622._o it_o be_v find_v that_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o negative_a and_o
prove_v itself_o it_o seem_v likewise_o that_o if_o the_o party_n who_o make_v the_o right_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v the_o debt_n otherwise_o that_o then_o the_o probation_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o the_o strict_a and_o though_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o receiver_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v as_o a_o full_a probation_n yet_o if_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n have_v in_o any_o former_a pursuit_n be_v force_v to_o depon_n upon_o the_o onerousness_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o oath_n ought_v to_o purge_v any_o presumption_n of_o fraud_n for_o though_o that_o pursuit_n shall_v not_o bind_v any_o other_o than_o the_o person_n who_o be_v pursuer_fw-mi or_o defender_n there_o as_o what_o be_v inter_fw-la alios_fw-la acta_fw-la quae_fw-la aliis_fw-la non_fw-la nocet_fw-la yet_o the_o receiver_n have_v be_v put_v to_o swear_v aught_o to_o have_v this_o advantage_n also_o as_o he_o have_v that_o trouble_n and_o that_o oath_n be_v upon_o the_o same_o subject-matter_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v still_o much_o respect_v especial_o since_o this_o oath_n be_v only_o require_v to_o clear_v the_o judge_n as_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o as_o to_o the_o onerousness_n of_o the_o cause_n whether_o a_o disposition_n procure_v by_o a_o tutor_n to_o his_o pupil_n may_v be_v quarrel_v as_o grant_v in_o defraud_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o how_o the_o fraud_n may_v be_v prove_v in_o that_o case_n may_v be_v doubt_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o no_o man_n right_n can_v be_v take_v away_o without_o some_o act_n of_o his_o own_o and_o the_o tutor_n oath_n can_v prejudge_v his_o pupil_n for_o a_o tutor_n may_v make_v his_o pupil_n condition_n better_o but_o can_v make_v it_o worse_o and_o yet_o there_o may_v be_v two_o distinct_a case_n consider_v here_o one_o be_v if_o the_o disposition_n be_v grant_v without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n and_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o such_o disposition_n may_v be_v quarrel_v for_o if_o the_o minor_a can_v instruct_v a_o onerous_a cause_n his_o disposition_n be_v null_a and_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o difference_n as_o to_o this_o betwixt_o major_n and_o minor_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v l._n 6._o §_o 10._o h._n t._n si_fw-mi quod_fw-la cum_fw-la pupillo_fw-la gestem_fw-la est_fw-la in_fw-la fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la labeâ—_n art_n omnino_fw-la revocandum_fw-la esse_fw-la quia_fw-la pupilli_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la captiosa_fw-la creditoribus_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la lucrosa_fw-la which_o agree_v with_o l._n 6._o §_o 6._o basil._n h._n t._n though_o it_o be_v the_o more_o general_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o second_o case_n be_v when_o the_o tutor_n pay_v a_o price_n in_o the_o pupil_n name_n but_o know_v it_o be_v grant_v to_o defraud_v the_o disponner_n creditor_n it_o seem_v that_o though_o a_o tutor_n can_v depone_v upon_o right_n not_o acquire_v by_o the_o tutor_n himself_o yet_o in_o right_n acquire_v by_o himself_o he_o may_v depone_v and_o his_o oath_n acknowledge_v the_o the_o fraud_n shall_v annul_v the_o pupil_n right_o acquire_v by_o his_o tutor_n for_o quem_fw-la sequitur_fw-la commodum_fw-la eum_fw-la sequi_fw-la debit_fw-la incommodum_fw-la and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n the_o poor_a creditor_n shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o insert_v the_o pupil_n name_n but_o he_o ought_v to_o pursue_v his_o tutor_n but_o yet_o i_o incline_v rather_o to_o think_v that_o if_o any_o tutor_n know_v that_o such_o a_o debtor_n be_v to_o defraud_v his_o creditor_n do_v lend_v out_o my_o money_n to_o buy_v land_n in_o my_o name_n that_o though_o his_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n may_v have_v annul_v this_o right_n if_o it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o person_n yet_o his_o fraud_n be_v mere_o personal_a can_v prejudge_v i_o who_o be_v innocent_a no_o more_o then_o if_o my_o factor_n shall_v collude_v with_o such_o a_o debtor_n will_v his_o collusion_n prejudge_v i_o and_o so_o neither_o of_o their_o oath_n can_v prove_v against_o i_o for_o their_o fraud_n be_v not_o relevant_a against_o i_o except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v receive_v advantage_n by_o the_o fraud_n of_o my_o tutor_n or_o factor_n in_o which_o case_n deed_n either_o do_v by_o the_o minor_n self_n or_o by_o his_o tutor_n be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n l._n 10._o s._n 3._o basil._n h._n t._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o minor_n sell_v any_o land_n in_o defraud_n of_o their_o creditor_n then_o if_o they_o sell_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o tutor_n or_o curator_n the_o alienation_n will_v be_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n and_o so_o need_v not_o be_v reduce_v but_o if_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o tutor_n and_o curator_n though_o it_o be_v reduceable_a upon_o minority_n and_o laesion_n yet_o the_o minor_n creditor_n can_v raise_v a_o reduction_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la captic_a for_o that_o reason_n be_v personal_a nec_fw-la egreditur_fw-la personam_fw-la minoris_fw-la but_o the_o creditor_n in_o this_o case_n must_v comprise_v the_o right_n or_o action_n competent_a to_o the_o minor_a and_o as_o have_v right_o to_o the_o action_n in_o manner_n foresaid_a he_o may_v reduce_v the_o deed_n do_v by_o the_o minor_n whether_o a_o defender_n in_o their_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la fraudis_fw-la may_v be_v force_v to_o depone_v whether_o he_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la my_o be_v doubt_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o he_o can_v for_o he_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n by_o this_o statute_n diffames_fw-la all_o such_o as_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o by_o our_o law_n no_o man_n be_v oblige_v jurare_fw-la in_o svam_fw-la turpitudinem_fw-la but_o yet_o i_o find_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la obliegede_v party_n to_o be_v examine_v upon_o their_o accession_n to_o such_o contrivance_n 7_o febr._n 1673._o dame_n elisabeth_n burnet_n contra_fw-la sir_n alexander_n fraser_n and_o even_o in_o improbation_n they_o examine_v ex_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o party_n who_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v author_n though_o the_o hazard_n be_v great_a there_o then_o in_o their_o reduction_n and_o see_v reason_n of_o circumvention_n be_v refer_v to_o oath_n why_o may_v not_o the_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v refer_v to_o oath_n if_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o majesty_n advocate_n declare_v that_o the_o deponer_n oath_n shall_v not_o infer_v infamiam_fw-la juris_fw-la against_o he_o which_o be_v a_o criminal_a punishment_n without_o which_o be_v secure_v to_o he_o i_o conceive_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o depone_v it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o action_n of_o reduction_n found_v upon_o this_o act_n against_o such_o as_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n shall_v not_o prescrive_v because_o this_o be_v a_o cheat_n which_o the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o maintain_v nor_o assist_v and_o this_o shall_v no_o more_o prescrive_v then_o actio_fw-la falsi_fw-la do_v whereof_o this_o cheat_n seem_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o which_o at_o least_o it_o do_v much_o resemble_v and_o by_o the_o cannon_n law_n which_o as_o craig_n observe_v we_o prefer_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o scotland_n where_o matter_n of_o conscience_n be_v consider_v he_o who_o be_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la can_v prescrive_v 6._o sin_n de_fw-fr prescript_n and_o to_o allow_v the_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n a_o security_n of_o prescription_n be_v to_o tempt_v he_o to_o cheat_v notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o certain_o all_o action_n upon_o this_o act_n will_v prescrive_v for_o neither_o our_o act_n 28._o par._n 5._o i._o 3._o which_o appoint_v the_o prescription_n of_o movable_a right_n nor_o the_o act_n 1617._o which_o introduce_v prescription_n in_o heritable_a right_n make_v any_o exception_n in_o favour_n of_o this_o action_n and_o our_o law_n be_v desireous_a to_o secure_v all_o person_n in_o general_a have_v draw_v these_o act_n very_o comprehensive_o &_o sibi_fw-la imputent_fw-la such_o as_o be_v prejudge_v who_o suffer_v so_o much_o time_n to_o elapse_v without_o diligence_n likeas_n the_o civil_a law_n which_o consider_v malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessores_fw-la with_o a_o very_a unfavourable_a eye_n do_v allow_v the_o benefit_n of_o even_o 30_o year_n prescription_n malâ—_n fidei_fw-la possessori_fw-la for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o be_v clear_a c._n de_fw-fr prescript_n 30._o &_o 40._o annor_fw-la and_o the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o france_n guid._n pap._n quest_n 199._o and_o though_o we_o observe_v the_o cannon_n law_n in_o case_n of_o marriage_n teind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o be_v somewhat_o ecclesiastical_a by_o their_o own_o nature_n yet_o in_o prescription_n which_o have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n we_o follow_v the_o dictate_v of_o that_o excellent_a law_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v convert_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n profit_n and_o use_v another_o presumption_n
of_o the_o fraudulent_a disposition_n of_o the_o bankrupt_n estate_n be_v if_o the_o price_n of_o the_o debtor_n estate_n be_v convert_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o debtor_n own_o use_n and_o profit_n and_o this_o proceed_v upon_o the_o same_o reason_n whereby_o the_o rebel_n escheat_n be_v declare_v null_n if_o he_o be_v suffer_v to_o remain_v in_o possession_n act_n 145._o par._n 12._o ja._n 6._o and_o as_o by_o that_o act_n the_o suffer_v the_o rebel_n wife_n or_o bairn_n to_o remain_v in_o possession_n be_v equivalent_a as_o if_o the_o rebel_n himself_o remain_v in_o possession_n so_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o price_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v equivalent_a as_o if_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n though_o this_o act_n do_v not_o express_o beat_v it_o upon_o this_o part_n of_o this_o act_n arise_v late_o the_o ensue_a debate_n hermistoun_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v the_o lord_n sinclar_n 8000_o mark_n as_o a_o annuity_n and_o for_o his_o aliment_n this_o oblidgement_n be_v assign_v to_o john_n watt_n and_o be_v by_o he_o transfer_v to_o george_n cockburn_n who_o do_v pay_v several_a debt_n for_o my_o lord_n but_o find_v that_o his_o payment_n may_v thereafter_o be_v challenge_v by_o my_o lord_n creditor_n as_o make_v in_o prejudice_n of_o they_o who_o be_v prior_n creditor_n he_o do_v take_v the_o gift_n of_o my_o lord_n escheat_n and_o give_v a_o back-bond_n to_o the_o exchequer_n wherein_o he_o oblige_v he_o to_o count_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o exchequer_n for_o the_o superplus_n that_o exceed_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n true_o pay_v or_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o he_o for_o my_o lord_n the_o creditor_n have_v quarrel_v those_o payment_n upon_o this_o act_n 1621._o as_o make_v to_o their_o prejudice_n because_o though_o it_o be_v free_a to_o the_o exchequer_n to_o gift_n my_o lord_n escheat_n and_o to_o burden_v it_o with_o any_o back-bond_n yet_o this_o gift_n be_v grant_v true_o to_o george_n in_o contemplation_n of_o his_o former_a right_n which_o former_a right_n be_v null_a as_o make_v to_o defraud_v they_o and_o for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o debtor_n and_o the_o right_o make_v to_o he_o be_v null_a by_o this_o clause_n of_o this_o statute_n by_o which_o all_o right_n make_v to_o any_o person_n be_v presume_v fraudulent_a if_o the_o price_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v poor_a creditor_n may_v soon_o be_v cheat_v by_o so_o easy_a contriveance_n and_o though_o his_o majesty_n may_v prefer_v a_o donator_n to_o the_o true_a creditor_n where_o that_o be_v chief_o design_v by_o his_o majesty_n yet_o where_o the_o gift_n be_v take_v only_o by_o a_o person_n who_o have_v former_o defraud_v creditor_n mere_o to_o pallial_a the_o fraud_n in_o that_o case_n the_o gift_n laborat_fw-la eodam_fw-la vitio_fw-la be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o debtor_n and_o so_o be_v null_a by_o the_o former_a act_n 145._o par._n 12._o ja._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v repel_v because_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o whatever_o may_v be_v say_v against_o the_o former_a right_n upon_o this_o statute_n yet_o the_o gift_n of_o escheat_n do_v sufficient_o defend_v he_o for_o since_o any_o superior_a may_v allow_v a_o aliment_n to_o his_o vassal_n be_v rebel_n and_o may_v grant_v his_o liferent_a escheat_n for_o that_o effect_n why_o shall_v not_o this_o liberty_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o king_n 3._o december_n 1674._o but_o if_o this_o gift_n have_v not_o interveen_v it_o seem_v uncontravert_v that_o the_o obliegment_n to_o pay_v sinclar_n debt_n though_o undertake_v prior_n to_o any_o action_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o undertaker_n against_o prior_n creditor_n for_o the_o right_o be_v at_o first_o quarrelable_n at_o their_o instance_n as_o do_v in_o defraud_n of_o they_o it_o be_v a_o right_o make_v for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o debtor_n it_o can_v not_o thereafter_o convalesce_v by_o undertake_n the_o debtor_n debt_n for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o pay_v the_o money_n to_o sinclar_n debtor_n as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o have_v pay_v it_o to_o himself_o and_o if_o the_o money_n have_v be_v pay_v to_o my_o lord_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v have_v pay_v they_o the_o payment_n may_v without_o doubt_n have_v be_v quarrelable_n and_o yet_o a_o deed_n once_o quarrelable_n may_v thereafter_o convalesce_v if_o their_o be_v no_o fraud_n in_o the_o first_o contriveance_n v_o g._n if_o a_o uncle_n shall_v dispone_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o nephew_n who_o know_v not_o of_o his_o be_v insolvent_a this_o right_n may_v be_v reduce_v upon_o this_o statute_n and_o yet_o if_o thereafter_o the_o nephew_n shall_v bonafide_fw-la undertake_v the_o uncle_n debt_n before_o any_o diligence_n do_v by_o the_o creditor_n his_o disposition_n will_v be_v sustain_v in_o so_o far_o as_o true_a payment_n be_v make_v they_o make_v the_o rest_n forthcoming_a to_o the_o remnant_n creditor_n who_o want_v their_o due_a payment_n since_o by_o this_o act_n the_o disposition_n make_v by_o a_o bankrupt_a to_o one_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v reduceable_a so_o that_o the_o buyer_n will_v be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o land_n or_o thing_n buy_v fraudulent_o to_o the_o bankrupt_n true_a creditor_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o buyer_n though_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n will_v get_v repetition_n of_o the_o price_n true_o pay_v by_o he_o from_o the_o bankrupt_a to_o who_o he_o pay_v it_o and_o it_o may_v be_v argue_v that_o he_o will_v not_o because_o first_o the_o law_n never_o authorise_v nor_o lend_v its_o assistance_n to_o recover_v what_o be_v due_a by_o fraudulent_a and_o unworthy_a obligation_n for_o there_o be_v behove_v to_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o iniquity_n and_o to_o serve_v vice_n in_o a_o mean_a and_o sordid_a way_n &_o ubi_fw-la dantis_fw-la &_o accipientis_fw-la turpitudo_fw-la versatur_fw-la cessat_fw-la repititio_fw-la l._n 2._o ff_n de_fw-mi condict_v ob_fw-la turp_v cause_n 20._o the_o buyer_n in_o this_o case_n can_v complain_v of_o the_o law_n since_o he_o know_v the_o hazard_n and_o yet_o run_v upon_o it_o 3._o this_o be_v to_o invite_v man_n to_o commit_v cheat_n whereas_o to_o deny_v they_o action_n of_o repartition_n upon_o the_o eveiction_n be_v a_o ready_a mean_a to_o deter_v they_o since_o the_o hazard_n will_v be_v so_o great_a 4._o this_o may_v be_v further_o clear_v l._n 1._o c._n the_o prescr_n 30._o annor_fw-la &_o l._n hi_o qui_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr rescind_n vend_fw-mi &_o l._n fin_n c._n de_fw-fr litig_fw-mi &_o l._n si_fw-la fundum_fw-la sciens_fw-la c_o de_fw-mi evict_v &_o l._n 25._o basil._n de_fw-fr reb_fw-mi auth_v jud_v possidend_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o yet_o the_o contrair_a viz_o that_o the_o fraudulent_a buyer_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v repartition_n from_o the_o bankrupt_a seller_n may_v be_v urge_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o crime_n and_o fraud_n be_v extinguish_v by_o mutual_a compensation_n and_o therefore_o since_o as_o the_o buyer_n will_v have_v have_v a_o action_n of_o eviction_n if_o no_o fraud_n have_v interveen_v so_o ought_v he_o to_o have_v the_o same_o action_n where_o the_o fraud_n be_v mutual_a for_o there_o it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o if_o have_v never_o be_v for_o it_o be_v extinguish_v l._n viro_fw-la ff_n solut_a matr_n 2._o if_o the_o seller_n shall_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v the_o price_n he_o shall_v gain_v by_o his_o own_o cheat_n for_o his_o creditor_n will_v be_v pay_v by_o prevail_v against_o the_o buyer_n and_o he_o will_v retain_v the_o price_n 3._o where_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n his_o condition_n be_v most_o favour_v by_o the_o law_n who_o seek_v only_o to_o secure_v himself_o against_o loss_n in_o pari_fw-la casu_fw-la melior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la certat_fw-la de_fw-fr damno_fw-la vitando_fw-la l._n non_fw-la debet_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la jur_fw-fr and_o this_o be_v also_o clear_a per_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_o his_o qui_fw-la vi_fw-la metusve_fw-la cause_n &_o l._n sin_n c._n common_a the_o legate_n i_o will_v rather_o perhaps_o incline_v to_o think_v that_o because_o both_o have_v offend_v therefore_o both_o shall_v be_v punish_v the_o one_o by_o be_v oblige_v to_o refound_v the_o price_n receive_v and_o the_o other_o by_o not_o get_v in_o get_fw-fr though_o refound_v but_o that_o he_o shall_v see_v it_o confiscate_v by_o public_a authority_n like_o the_o legacy_n leave_v to_o unworthy_a person_n who_o be_v uncapable_a of_o they_o for_o these_o remain_v not_o with_o the_o testator_n nor_o yet_o go_v to_o the_o legator_n but_o fiunt_fw-la caduca_fw
and_o belong_v to_o the_o fisk._n it_o may_v be_v here_o doubt_v if_o in_o these_o reduction_n the_o defender_n who_o be_v to_o restore_v what_o be_v dispone_v to_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o thing_n sell_v and_o whether_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v they_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n or_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n or_o from_o the_o citation_n the_o civil_a law_n l._n 25._o §_o 4._o f._n h._n t._n ordain_v not_o only_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o be_v restore_v but_o the_o fruit_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o ground_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o alienation_n and_o these_o which_o be_v reap_v after_o the_o action_n be_v intent_a non_fw-la solum_fw-la autem_fw-la rem_fw-la ipsam_fw-la restitui_fw-la oportet_fw-la verum_fw-la &_o fructus_fw-la qui_fw-la alienationis_fw-la tempore_fw-la terrae_fw-la eohaerent_fw-la quia_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o bonis_fw-la fraudatoris_fw-la item_n eos_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la recepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la medio_fw-la autem_fw-la tempore_fw-la preceptos_fw-la in_o restitutionem_fw-la non_fw-la venire_fw-la but_o the_o basilick_n differ_v somewhat_o for_o they_o say_v qui_fw-la post_fw-la litem_fw-la contestatem_fw-la percepti_fw-la sunt_fw-la as_o fabrot_n translate_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o these_o may_v be_v reconcile_v because_o though_o in_o our_o law_n litiscontestation_n be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o point_n in_o jure_fw-la and_o the_o assign_v a_o day_n to_o either_o party_n to_o prove_v whereupon_o a_o act_n be_v extract_v yet_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n litiscontestation_n be_v make_v how_o soon_o the_o defender_n deny_v the_o thing_n crave_v and_o so_o judicium_fw-la inchoatum_fw-la differ_v little_a with_o they_o from_o litiscontestation_n our_o senate_n observe_v as_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o all_o reduction_n to_o decern_v fruit_n to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o possessor_n know_v that_o his_o right_n be_v not_o valid_a and_o therefore_o when_o it_o be_v palpable_o unjust_a they_o use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o not_o from_o the_o citation_n upon_o the_o first_o summons_n because_o these_o be_v but_o indorsation_n where_o copy_n be_v seldom_o true_o give_v and_o so_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o thereby_o be_v put_v in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la this_o be_v so_o decide_v howison_n contra_fw-la grace_n february_n 1672._o and_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o authorise_v the_o belief_n that_o citation_n upon_o first_o summons_n may_v be_v false_a whereas_o since_o the_o law_n command_v they_o it_o ought_v to_o believe_v they_o and_o so_o punish_v the_o forger_n rather_o than_o discredit_v the_o form_n if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o a_o debateable_a point_n they_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o that_o nullity_n be_v not_o clear_a till_o then_o v_o g._n if_o a_o disposition_n be_v quarrel_v as_o make_v to_o a_o brother_n in_o law_n and_o he_o allege_v that_o the_o act_n extend_v not_o to_o brother_n in_o law_n if_o the_o lord_n find_v the_o statute_n to_o extend_v to_o brother_n in_o law_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la if_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o defender_n oath_n the_o lord_n use_v to_o decern_v from_o the_o litiscontestation_n because_o after_o that_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o doubt_v of_o the_o nullity_n of_o his_o own_o right_n though_o before_o he_o may_v have_v doubt_v but_o if_o the_o nullity_n depend_v upon_o extrinsic_a probation_n which_o the_o defender_n can_v not_o know_v before_o sentence_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v deny_v by_o act_n of_o litiscontestation_n that_o the_o debtor_n become_v and_o be_v insolvent_a the_o defender_n can_v not_o be_v in_o malafide_fw-la till_o this_o be_v find_v prove_v and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v liable_a in_o fructus_fw-la till_o sentence_n i_o conceive_v that_o these_o general_n may_v be_v likewise_o particular_o apply_v to_o this_o statute_n by_o consider_v three_o different_a case_n relative_a to_o the_o three_o different_a part_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n by_o which_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n in_o defraud_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n be_v so_o reduceable_a that_o the_o alienation_n be_v reduce_v the_o fruit_n extant_a be_v to_o be_v restore_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o litiscontestation_n and_o yet_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o by-gone_a profit_n or_o fruit_n aught_o to_o be_v restore_v not_o only_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o citation_n but_o from_o the_o date_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o 1._o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n all_o such_o alienation_n be_v declare_v to_o have_v be_v null_a from_o the_o beginning_n and_o so_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v but_o so_o it_o be_v if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v make_v the_o possessor_n behove_v to_o have_v restore_v all_o the_o fruit_n whether_o extent_n or_o not_o and_o even_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o possession_n 2._o this_o seem_v most_o reasonable_a for_o the_o law_n have_v dicharge_v such_o alienation_n he_o who_o contract_v in_o spite_n of_o or_o to_o cheat_v the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o and_o if_o the_o debtor_n may_v thus_o prejudge_v his_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o prejudice_n to_o they_o to_o want_v the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o debtor_n estate_n from_o the_o alienation_n till_o the_o time_n of_o intent_v a_o action_n which_o poverty_n or_o absence_n ignorance_n or_o latency_n of_o the_o deed_n may_v keep_v they_o from_o intent_v and_o which_o may_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o be_v it_o not_o absurd_a that_o a_o gratuitous_a disposition_n of_o a_o estate_n often_o thousand_o mark_n by_o year_n shall_v carry_v the_o receiver_n to_o five_o or_o six_o year_n rent_n extend_v to_o 50000._o mark_n because_o these_o rent_n be_v intromet_v with_o prior_n to_o the_o intent_v of_o any_o action_n of_o reduction_n and_o yet_o the_o estate_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pay_v all_o the_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o many_o poor_a creditor_n who_o be_v pursuer_n of_o the_o reduction_n the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o the_o disposition_n be_v make_v to_o one_o who_o be_v particeps_fw-la fraudis_fw-la and_o he_o be_v to_o restore_v even_o all_o the_o profit_n from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o alienation_n whether_o they_o be_v fruit_n occasion_v by_o his_o own_o industry_n or_o bring_v forth_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n possess_v for_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n be_v malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n and_o such_o be_v still_o discern_v to_o restore_v all_o fructus_fw-la extantes_fw-la rei_fw-la vindicatione_n &_o consumptos_fw-la conditione_n sine_fw-la causa_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n de_fw-fr condict_v ex_fw-la leg_n nor_o ought_v he_o in_o reason_n to_o reap_v advantage_n by_o his_o own_o cheat_n and_o as_o he_o can_v blame_v the_o law_n for_o severity_n to_o he_o since_o he_o occasion_v his_o own_o loss_n so_o the_o creditor_n may_v complain_v that_o such_o as_o cheat_v the_o law_n and_o he_o be_v enrich_v by_o his_o loss_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v because_o he_o not_o know_v but_o these_o profit_n be_v his_o own_o think_v he_o may_v live_v according_o this_o reason_n be_v want_v in_o he_o who_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n for_o he_o know_v that_o these_o profit_n belong_v to_o other_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o have_v spend_v they_o and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o all_o disposition_n make_v to_o confident_a or_o conjunct_a person_n be_v reduceable_a by_o this_o act_n as_o fraudulent_a and_o therefore_o the_o receiver_n can_v be_v call_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n in_o no_o case_n for_o nothing_o be_v so_o contrair_a to_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la as_o fraus_fw-la it_o be_v answer_v that_o a_o disposition_n may_v be_v make_v to_o a_o conjunct_a person_n who_o know_v neither_o that_o the_o disponer_n have_v creditor_n or_o that_o his_o estate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o and_o fraus_fw-la ex_fw-la eventu_fw-la as_o i_o observe_v former_o be_v not_o mala_fw-la fides_fw-la the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o creditor_n who_o get_v a_o disposition_n from_o the_o common_a debtor_n for_o payment_n of_o their_o debt_n but_o it_o be_v reduceable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n and_o these_o i_o think_v shall_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o reason_n be_v only_o obliedge_v to_o restore_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o dispon_v from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o sentence_n for_o since_o they_o be_v more_o
it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o in_o this_o case_n the_o creditor_n can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v voluntary_o prefer_v by_o partial_a favour_n as_o the_o act_n bear_v for_o that_o can_v be_v call_v voluntar_n to_o which_o the_o disponer_n may_v have_v be_v compel_v and_o in_o this_o case_n as_o well_o as_o in_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la these_o disposition_n which_o depend_v upon_o necessary_a cause_n be_v draw_v back_o ad_fw-la svam_fw-la causam_fw-la but_o the_o doubt_n may_v be_v great_a if_o the_o cause_n upon_o which_o the_o disposition_n depend_v have_v no_o specific_a obligation_n in_o it_o to_o grant_v the_o deed_n quarrel_v but_o only_o a_o general_a obligation_n v_o g._n if_o titius_n shall_v only_o be_v oblige_v by_o a_o minute_n to_o dispone_n land_n to_o mevius_n if_o titius_n thereafter_o be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o sempronius_n shall_v after_o he_o be_v put_v to_o the_o horn_n dispone_n land_n to_o mevius_n it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o that_o disposition_n will_v be_v reduceable_a since_o the_o minute_n do_v not_o bear_v a_o express_a obligation_n to_o dispone_v the_o specific_a land_n afterward_o dispone_v but_o only_o to_o dispone_n land_n in_o general_a for_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la these_o land_n the_o right_o be_v voluntar_n see_v there_o be_v no_o specific_a obligation_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la these_o and_o if_o such_o a_o disposition_n as_o this_o may_v be_v sustain_v all_o disposition_n though_o make_v for_o onerous_a cause_n may_v be_v sustain_v notwithstanding_o of_o all_o which_o i_o conceive_v that_o by_o voluntar_n right_n and_o payment_n in_o this_o paragraph_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o right_n and_o payment_n as_o be_v make_v without_o any_o previous_a diligence_n though_o the_o debtor_n can_v have_v be_v compel_v to_o make_v they_o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o precede_a cause_n whereupon_o the_o debtor_n may_v have_v be_v force_v to_o make_v the_o said_n right_n and_o payment_n and_o so_o be_v necessary_a quo_fw-la ad_fw-la the_o debtor_n if_o other_o creditor_n have_v not_o be_v concern_v yet_o they_o be_v account_v voluntar_n as_o to_o this_o act_n and_o statute_n because_o the_o debtor_n have_v other_o creditor_n who_o may_v have_v compel_v he_o as_o much_o as_o the_o creditor_n who_o he_o have_v satisfy_v yet_o he_o voluntary_o prefer_v and_o gratify_v he_o in_o prejudice_n of_o their_o diligence_n and_o even_o in_o the_o case_n here_o instance_a of_o a_o minute_n bear_v a_o obligation_n to_o dispone_v land_n if_o the_o dyvour_n shall_v after_o the_o diligence_n of_o other_o creditor_n dispone_n that_o disposition_n will_v be_v construe_v a_o voluntar_n right_n which_o the_o bankrupt_a ought_v not_o to_o have_v grant_v in_o prejudice_n of_o his_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n and_o who_o may_v have_v affect_v the_o same_o land_n if_o the_o disposition_n have_v not_o be_v make_v notwithstanding_o of_o the_o personal_a obligation_n contain_v in_o the_o minute_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o a_o debtor_n inhibit_v only_o and_o a_o debtor_n bankrupt_a for_o a_o debtor_n who_o be_v inhibit_v dispone_v what_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o by_o a_o obligation_n prio_fw-la to_o the_o inhibition_n do_v not_o contraveen_v the_o command_n of_o the_o inhibition_n which_o only_o forbid_v he_o to_o do_v any_o new_a deed_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o inhibitor_n but_o a_o bankrupt_a not_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v all_o his_o creditor_n do_v contraveen_v this_o law_n in_o gratify_v one_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o diligence_n do_v by_o they_o especial_o since_o he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v compel_v in_o law_n to_o prefer_v the_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o though_o voluntar_n disposition_n be_v only_a quarrelable_n by_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n yet_o disposition_n make_v by_o notorious_a bankrupt_n be_v even_o quarrelable_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o dilligence_n but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o disposition_n so_o make_v be_v not_o absolute_o reduceable_a but_o be_v only_o reduceable_a to_o the_o effect_n the_o creditor_n may_v have_v access_n to_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o affect_v it_o simple_o for_o the_o whole_a sum_n but_o to_o put_v they_o in_o the_o same_o case_n as_o if_o the_o disposition_n have_v be_v grant_v to_o they_o all_o for_o payment_n of_o their_o sum_n conform_v to_o their_o dilligence_n and_o the_o ordinary_a qualification_n quo_fw-la ad_fw-la this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v either_o that_o he_o be_v in_o meditatione_n fugae_fw-la or_o that_o he_o be_v in_o the_o abbey_n or_o in_o prison_n or_o that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o horning_n and_o dilligence_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o on_o the_o 18._o december_n 1672._o the_o lord_n sustain_v action_n upon_o this_o act_n against_o the_o laird_n of_o kinfawn_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o tarsappy_n creditor_n though_o the_o disposition_n make_v to_o kinfawn_n be_v make_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o that_o because_o tarsappy_a the_o time_n of_o the_o disposition_n be_v fugitive_a in_o the_o abbey_n and_o that_o his_o debt_n do_v exceed_v his_o estate_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o disposition_n omnium_fw-la bonorum_fw-la make_v to_o a_o uncle_n though_o the_o creditor_n here_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n though_o this_o clause_n bear_v general_o that_o disposition_n make_v in_o prejudice_n of_o such_o as_o have_v do_v lawful_a diligence_n by_o inhibition_n horning_n arrestment_n or_o comprise_v shall_v be_v quarrelable_n yet_o it_o may_v be_v just_o doubt_v whether_o these_o word_n must_v be_v so_o interpret_v as_o that_o any_o of_o these_o dilligence_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n promiscuous_o to_o quarrel_v any_o disposition_n so_o that_o the_o law_n consider_v not_o so_o much_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o diligence_n do_v as_o the_o partial_a favour_n and_o gratification_n of_o the_o dyvour_n or_o confident_a who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n and_o the_o prefer_v he_o to_o one_o who_o have_v do_v diligence_n though_o that_o diligence_n be_v not_o pierce_v proper_a to_o affect_v for_o if_o it_o have_v affect_v proper_o there_o have_v be_v no_o necessity_n for_o this_o act_n or_o statute_n v_o g._n if_o the_o creditor_n have_v inhibit_v the_o debtor_n can_v not_o have_v thereafter_o dispone_v in_o prejudice_n of_o that_o disposition_n but_o the_o disposition_n will_v have_v be_v reduceable_a ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la but_o if_o the_o creditor_n not_o know_v that_o the_o common_a debtor_n have_v money_n lie_v by_o he_o that_o can_v be_v affect_v with_o arrestment_n do_v ommit_v to_o arrest_v but_o do_v inhibit_v it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o debtor_n shall_v to_o gratify_v and_o prefer_v a_o creditor_n who_o have_v no_o diligence_n give_v he_o that_o money_n this_o law_n and_o statute_n intend_v that_o the_o creditor_n who_o have_v do_v diligence_n by_o inhibition_n shall_v not_o only_o have_v liberty_n to_o reduce_v all_o disposition_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la for_o that_o be_v competent_a before_o this_o law_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v condictionem_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la lege_fw-la to_o recover_v that_o money_n though_o the_o inhibition_n be_v no_o proper_a way_n to_o affect_v it_o and_o yet_o upon_o the_o other_o hand_n it_o will_v seem_v absurd_a that_o the_o use_n of_o a_o arrestment_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o the_o user_n to_o quarrel_v a_o right_o make_v of_o land_n for_o that_o be_v vitiosa_fw-la transitio_fw-la de_fw-la genere_fw-la in_fw-la genus_fw-la but_o as_o in_o all_o general_a clause_n so_o in_o this_o the_o application_n must_v be_v singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o after_o a_o creditor_n have_v use_v any_o real_a diligence_n that_o may_v affect_v land_n such_o as_o inhibition_n or_o comprise_v his_o bankrupt_a debtor_n shall_v to_o disappoint_v that_o diligence_n dispone_v his_o land_n to_o a_o con-creditor_n who_o have_v do_v no_o diligence_n then_o the_o inhibiter_n or_o appryser_n may_v quarrel_v that_o disposition_n or_o if_o a_o creditor_n have_v affect_v any_o of_o his_o debtor_n sum_n by_o horning_n or_o arrestment_n and_o if_o to_o disappoint_v that_o diligence_n the_o bankrupt_a debtor_n shall_v dispone_v upon_o his_o movable_n in_o favour_n of_o a_o con-creditor_n eo_fw-la casu_fw-la that_o disposition_n to_o the_o movable_n may_v be_v quarrel_v by_o he_o who_o have_v use_v horning_n or_o arestment_n which_o be_v diligence_n proper_a to_o affect_v movable_n in_o our_o law_n which_o may_v be_v further_o urge_v by_o these_o reason_n 1._o because_o inhibition_n and_o comprising_n be_v not_o proper_a diligence_n to_o affect_v movable_n no_o more_o
than_o arestment_n or_o horning_n can_v affect_v heretage_n and_o the_o law_n never_o privilege_n a_o diligence_n except_o where_o the_o diligence_n can_v affect_v 2._o the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n privilege_n such_o creditor_n as_o have_v use_v these_o diligence_n be_v because_o the_o law_n presume_v they_o may_v have_v affect_v the_o bankrupt_n estate_n by_o these_o diligence_n and_o because_o it_o presume_v that_o the_o debtor_n dispon_v his_o estate_n to_o disappoint_v that_o diligence_n but_o so_o it_o be_v that_o neither_o can_v inhibition_n affect_v movable_n nor_o can_v arrestment_n affect_v heretage_n nor_o be_v these_o disposition_n make_v to_o disappoint_v such_o diligence_n and_o therefore_o etc._n etc._n 3._o when_o man_n be_v to_o buy_v land_n thy_o look_n only_o the_o register_n for_o inhibition_n or_o comprising_n but_o they_o never_o consider_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o arestment_n use_v against_o the_o seller_n 4._o though_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o creditor_n who_o have_v use_v inhibition_n horning_n arrestment_n comprise_v or_o other_o lawful_a diligence_n yet_o this_o clause_n must_v be_v so_o interpret_v that_o the_o mere_a raise_n of_o a_o inhibition_n or_o horning_n be_v not_o sufficient_a except_o the_o inhibition_n or_o horning_n be_v execute_v as_o be_v find_v february_n 1671._o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o tynet_n and_o grahame_n of_o creigie_n for_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n mention_n serve_v a_o inhibition_n and_o use_v a_o horning_n and_o not_o the_o raise_n of_o either_o but_o yet_o if_o the_o bankrupt_a to_o disappoint_v his_o true_a creditor_n who_o have_v raise_v letter_n of_o inhibition_n horning_n or_o arrestment_n shall_v collude_v with_o his_o other_o creditor_n who_o know_v the_o raise_n of_o these_o letter_n and_o they_o by_o express_a collusion_n shall_v make_v and_o receive_v such_o disposition_n i_o conceive_v these_o disposition_n may_v be_v quarrel_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n though_o the_o letter_n be_v only_o raise_v for_o else_o the_o act_n may_v be_v absolute_o disappoint_v and_o immediate_o upon_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o letter_n such_o disposition_n may_v be_v make_v and_o the_o creditor_n who_o do_v exact_a diligence_n &_o omne_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o se_fw-la erat_fw-la shall_v be_v prejudge_v by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n and_o by_o the_o nimious_a diligence_n of_o his_o cheat_a debtor_n nor_o shall_v the_o fraud_n of_o a_o creditor_n receive_v such_o disposition_n be_v of_o advantage_n to_o the_o receiver_n nam_fw-la nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la lucrari_fw-la ex_fw-la svo_fw-la dolo_fw-la but_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o resolve_v whether_o a_o mere_a charge_n of_o horning_n without_o denounciation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a diligence_n to_o make_v all_o deed_n after_o the_o charge_n to_o be_v quarrelable_n upon_o this_o act._n and_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o to_o charge_n upon_o the_o horning_n be_v to_o use_v a_o horning_n which_o be_v all_o that_o this_o act_n require_v 2_o the_o charge_n be_v proper_o the_o diligence_n for_o thereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v command_v under_o certification_n that_o he_o will_v be_v denounce_v whereas_o the_o denounciation_n be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o diligence_n and_o the_o debtor_n be_v denounce_v because_o he_o do_v not_o obey_v which_o reason_n incline_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o charge_n without_o denounciation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a diligence_n in_o this_o case_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n i_o believe_v that_o a_o personal_a charge_n upon_o a_o inhibition_n will_v operate_v the_o same_o effect_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v not_o use_v at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n because_o that_o be_v only_o necessary_a to_o put_v the_o liedge_n in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la in_o order_n to_o a_o reduction_n ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la and_o i_o conceive_v likewise_o that_o the_o inhibition_n be_v lawful_o serve_v though_o not_o registrat_n will_v be_v sufficient_a quoad_fw-la the_o effect_n design_v by_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n for_o the_o registrate_v a_o inhibition_n be_v different_a from_o the_o serve_n of_o it_o and_o the_o serve_v of_o the_o inhibition_n be_v all_o that_o this_o act_n require_v and_o if_o the_o creditor_n may_v reduce_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la before_o it_o be_v registrat_n if_o it_o be_v once_o serve_v that_o be_v to_o say_v lawful_o execute_v much_o more_o shall_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o without_o registration_n be_v sufficient_a as_o to_o this_o act._n it_o may_v be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o though_o this_o part_n of_o the_o act_n must_v be_v so_o interpret_v as_o that_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a dilligence_n may_v only_o affect_v that_o be_v to_o say_v arrestment_n movable_n and_o comprise_v heritage_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n horning_n may_v be_v account_v a_o sufficient_a diligence_n after_o the_o use_v whereof_o the_o debtor_n be_v a_o dyvour_n can_v neither_o dispone_v heritage_n nor_o movable_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o creditor_n who_o use_v the_o horning_n for_o a_o horning_n be_v not_o only_o a_o diligence_n that_o may_v affect_v movable_n but_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o step_n in_o diligence_n necessary_a previous_a in_o many_o case_n to_o comprysing_n which_o be_v real_a dilligence_n by_o these_o word_n any_o other_o mean_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v other_o lawful_a dilligence_n beside_o inhibition_n horning_n arrestment_n comprising_n here_o express_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o a_o creditor_n shall_v raise_v a_o precept_n of_o poind_v and_o shall_v charge_v his_o debtor_n thereupon_o to_o disappoint_v which_o the_o debtor_n shall_v dispon_n his_o moveable_n to_o another_o creditor_n the_o raiser_n of_o the_o precept_n may_v quarrel_v that_o disposition_n upon_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o act._n 5._o it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n after_o the_o law_n have_v declare_v all_o deed_n do_v by_o bankrupt_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o creditor_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n to_o be_v null_a yet_o it_o subjoin_v immediate_o in_o another_o clause_n that_o if_o a_o three_o party_n shall_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la acquire_v a_o right_n to_o these_o fraudulent_a right_n these_o right_n shall_v not_o be_v quarrellable_n in_o their_o person_n except_o they_o be_v likewise_o partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n but_o here_o where_o the_o law_n in_o this_o clause_n declare_v that_o where_o diligence_n be_v do_v by_o a_o creditor_n the_o debtor_n can_v thereafter_o in_o his_o prejudice_n prefer_v another_o who_o be_v a_o con-creditor_n and_o dispone_n the_o land_n to_o he_o though_o even_o for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n yet_o the_o law_n have_v not_o determine_v whether_o if_o this_o disposition_n make_v to_o a_o con-creditor_n shall_v be_v quarrellable_n in_o the_o person_n of_o one_o who_o bona_fw-la fide_fw-la have_v acquire_v that_o disposition_n from_o the_o con-creditor_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o will_v have_v be_v quarrelable_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o con-creditor_n himself_o and_o though_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o clause_n subjoin_v to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n aught_o to_o be_v repeat_v here_o for_o singular_a successor_n in_o this_o case_n not_o be_v partaker_n of_o the_o fraud_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v yet_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o case_n somewhat_o inward_o we_o will_v find_v that_o a_o disposition_n make_v by_o the_o bankrupt_a to_o a_o con-creditor_n and_o by_o the_o con-creditor_n to_o a_o three_o party_n be_v quarrellable_n in_o the_o three_o party_n person_n for_o the_o con-creditor_n can_v make_v no_o better_o right_o nor_o he_o have_v himself_o and_o there_o be_v jus_o quaesitum_fw-la to_o the_o creditor_n by_o the_o diligence_n so_o that_o he_o may_v have_v quarrel_v the_o right_o make_v to_o one_o of_o the_o con-creditor_n by_o the_o common_a debtor_n this_o right_n can_v not_o be_v evacuate_v by_o any_o disposition_n that_o the_o con-creditor_n can_v make_v and_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o the_o creditor_n diligence_n may_v be_v easy_o elude_v and_o disappoint_v for_o the_o con-creditor_n find_v that_o the_o right_o make_v to_o he_o be_v quarrelable_a he_o may_v still_o transfer_v his_o right_n to_o a_o three_o party_n and_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n why_o the_o clause_n conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o three_o party_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o act_n annul_v only_a deed_n because_o make_v fraudulent_o and_o therefore_o this_o nullity_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v extend_v against_o three_o party_n who_o be_v not_o participes_fw-la fraudis_fw-la for_o there_o deficiebat_fw-la ratio_fw-la legis_fw-la but_o this_o clause_n of_o the_o act_n annul_v not_o these_o deed_n upon_o any_o personal_a account_n but_o because_o these_o deed_n be_v contrary_a to_o diligence_n do_v by_o a_o lawful_a creditor_n and_o therefore_o the_o nullity_n here_o ought_v to_o be_v extend_v quo-ad_a all_z because_o to_o