which_o be_v common_o call_v damage_n and_o interest_n some_o be_v call_v penal_a action_n because_o we_o pursue_v not_o only_o for_o repetition_n and_o real_a damage_n penal_a but_o for_o extraordinary_a damage_n and_o reparation_n by_o way_n of_o penalty_n such_o as_o be_v spulzy_n action_n for_o violent_a profit_n etc._n etc._n some_o action_n be_v call_v arbitrary_a action_n wherein_o the_o arbitrary_a judge_n be_v tie_v to_o no_o particular_a law_n but_o proceed_v ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o what_o he_o see_v just_a and_o fit_a as_o a_o action_n for_o prove_v of_o the_o tenor_n of_o a_o evident_a wherein_o the_o complainer_n lybel_n that_o he_o have_v such_o a_o paper_n of_o which_o he_o must_v lybel_n the_o full_a tenor_n verbatim_o and_o that_o he_o lose_v it_o by_o such_o a_o accident_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o tenor_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o witness_n and_o adminicle_n in_o write_v which_o he_o must_v libel_v for_o no_o tenor_n can_v be_v prove_v without_o some_o adminicle_n in_o write_v and_o general_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n with_o which_o the_o law_n behoove_v to_o trust_v the_o discretion_n and_o honesty_n of_o the_o judge_n since_o all_o case_n can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o know_a law_n it_o therefore_o invest_v the_o judge_n with_o this_o eminent_a power_n which_o be_v call_v nobile_fw-la officium_fw-la in_o opposition_n to_o that_o officium_fw-la ordinarium_fw-la &_o mercenarium_fw-la wherein_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o will_n of_o the_o contracter_n precise_o &_o hoc_fw-la officium_fw-la mercenarium_fw-la judex_fw-la nunquam_fw-la impertit_fw-la nisi_fw-la rogatus_fw-la some_o action_n be_v call_v declarator_n because_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi conclude_v in_o they_o that_o some_o special_a thing_n shall_v be_v declarator_n declare_v in_o his_o favour_n and_o ordinary_o wherever_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o superior_a grant_v a_o gift_n he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v grant_v pursue_v a_o declarator_n crave_v it_o may_v be_v find_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o casuality_n gift_v to_o he_o have_v fall_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n and_o that_o he_o have_v right_a thereto_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o thus_o declarator_n must_v be_v raise_v upon_o escheat_n ward_n marriage_n nonentry_n etc._n etc._n only_o there_o need_v no_o declarator_n upon_o a_o gift_n of_o forefaulture_n and_o upon_o gift_n of_o escheat_n they_o raise_v action_n both_o of_o general_a and_o special_a declarator_n in_o one_o summons_n in_o the_o general_a the_o pursuer_fw-mi conclude_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v and_o declare_v that_o the_o rebel_n be_v lawful_o denounce_v to_o the_o horn_n and_o that_o thereby_o his_o escheat_n fall_v in_o the_o superior_n hand_n and_o in_o the_o special_a he_o conclude_v that_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o rebel_n land_n who_o escheat_n be_v fall_v may_v pay_v he_o the_o meal_n and_o duty_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o gift_n and_o decreet_a of_o general_a declarator_n but_o though_o this_o last_o action_n be_v call_v a_o action_n of_o special_a declarator_n it_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o a_o action_n of_o meal_n and_o duty_n in_o other_o case_n also_o where_o any_o thing_n be_v crave_v to_o be_v find_v and_o declare_v as_o a_o right_n arise_v upon_o a_o special_a matter_n of_o fact_n for_o which_o no_o other_o action_n can_v be_v find_v that_o have_v a_o special_a name_n lawyer_n do_v now_o cause_n raise_v action_n of_o declarator_n or_o at_o least_o cause_n adject_a conclusion_n of_o declarator_n to_o other_o action_n such_o as_o reduction_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o action_n in_o factum_fw-la mention_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o action_n be_v call_v civil_a action_n wherein_o man_n prosecute_v their_o civil_a right_n and_o some_o criminal_a wherein_o man_n prosecute_v crime_n ad_fw-la vindictam_fw-la publicam_fw-la for_o further_o clear_v of_o action_n and_o how_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v libel_v i_o shall_v short_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o summons_n summons_n and_o shall_v set_v do_v some_o of_o those_o action_n which_o have_v special_a name_n and_o conclusion_n the_o chief_a part_n of_o a_o summons_n be_v the_o pursuer_n interest_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o right_a stand_n in_o his_o person_n whereby_o he_o have_v good_a interest_n to_o pursue_v the_o action_n he_o have_v intent_a secundo_fw-la that_o all_o the_o person_n who_o shall_v be_v call_v as_o defender_n be_v call_v in_o the_o summons_n and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o relevant_a exception_n against_o a_o summons_n that_o all_o person_n have_v interest_n be_v not_o call_v therefore_o it_o follow_v clear_o that_o for_o the_o more_o security_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o call_v all_o person_n who_o may_v be_v concern_v in_o the_o debate_n concludendi_fw-la tertio_fw-la the_o medium_n concludendi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o ground_n whereupon_o the_o person_n call_v be_v liable_a to_o pay_v and_o perform_v what_o be_v crave_v quarto_fw-la after_o all_o this_o be_v summons_n narrate_v the_o king_n in_o the_o summons_n say_v our_o will_n be_v etc._n etc._n that_o you_o cite_v such_o and_o such_o person_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v call_v the_o will_n of_o the_o summons_n and_o which_o will_v of_o the_o summons_n do_v comprehend_v a_o command_n to_o the_o messenger_n to_o cite_v the_o defender_n and_o express_v the_o number_n of_o day_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cite_v and_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v cite_v and_o before_o who_o they_o shall_v compear_v as_o also_o the_o conclusion_n crave_v by_o conclusion_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi each_o of_o which_o summons_n almost_o have_v it_o own_o special_a style_n and_o term_n and_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n writter_n be_v command_v not_o to_o alter_v the_o ancient_n style_v 13_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o though_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v ordinary_o narrate_v before_o the_o will_n of_o the_o summons_n yet_o summons_n of_o reduction_n improbation_n transferrance_n spulzie_a and_o declarator_n of_o nonentrie_n begin_v at_z our_o will_n be_v etc._n etc._n and_o then_o go_v on_o to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi etc._n etc._n in_o a_o summons_n of_o transumpt_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi who_o in_o the_o summons_n be_v always_o call_v the_o complainer_n lybell_n that_o he_o have_v transsumpt_n right_o to_o the_o land_n whereof_o he_o crave_v the_o paper_n to_o be_v transume_v and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o he_o to_o have_v double_v and_o transumpt_n of_o the_o right_n and_o this_o be_v the_o pursuer_n interest_n and_o that_o the_o defender_n have_v these_o right_n or_o be_v oblige_v to_o procure_v he_o transumpt_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o exhibit_v and_o produce_v they_o to_o be_v judicial_o transume_v and_o the_o authentic_a transumpt_n to_o be_v declare_v as_o sufficient_a for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi in_o the_o said_n land_n as_o the_o original_n write_v themselves_o in_o a_o summons_n of_o multiple_a poind_n the_o complainer_n have_v narrate_v that_o he_o be_v trouble_v by_o such_o and_o such_o person_n poynding_n who_o do_v each_o of_o they_o pretend_v right_o to_o a_o sum_n in_o which_o he_o be_v liable_a he_o therefore_o conclude_v against_o all_o of_o they_o to_o compear_v to_o hear_v and_o see_v the_o same_o try_v and_o the_o party_n who_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o have_v best_a right_n to_o be_v prefer_v and_o the_o other_o party_n to_o be_v discharge_v from_o trouble_v and_o molest_v he_o in_o all_o time_n come_v in_o a_o summons_n of_o transference_n the_o complainer_n lybell_n transference_n that_o the_o defender_n be_v heir_n to_o his_o debtor_n and_o conclude_v that_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v transfer_v in_o he_o passive_a as_o heir_n and_o upon_o the_o other_o passive_a title_n and_o therefore_o that_o letter_n and_o executorial_n may_v be_v direct_v against_o he_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o may_v have_v be_v direct_v use_v and_o execute_v against_o his_o predecessor_n before_o his_o deceass_n these_o transferrence_n be_v use_v when_o there_o be_v a_o decreet_a obtain_v or_o bond_n registrate_v against_o the_o defunct_a in_o his_o life-time_n but_o if_o the_o bond_n be_v not_o registrate_v then_o there_o be_v a_o summons_n of_o registration_n raise_v in_o which_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi conclude_v that_o the_o say_a bond_n stration_n shall_v be_v insert_v and_o registrate_v in_o the_o book_n of_o council_n and_o session_n to_o have_v the_o strength_n of_o a_o decreet_a and_o executorial_o to_o be_v direct_a thereupon_o in_o manner_n therein_o mention_v in_o a_o summons_n of_o prevento_fw-la the_o complainer_n narrate_v prevento_n that_o he_o have_v raise_v letter_n of_o horn_v the_o same_o be_v suspend_v upon_o must_v frivolous_a reason_n to_o a_o very_a long_a day_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o defender_n shall_v
edinburgh_n march_v 18._o 1684._o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n that_o none_o shall_v re-print_n or_o import_n into_o this_o kingdom_n the_o book_n intitutle_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n for_o the_o space_n of_o nineteen_o year_n after_o the_o date_n hereof_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o author_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o whole_a copy_n to_o john_n reid_n printer_n of_o the_o say_a book_n extract_v by_o i_o pat._n menzies_n cls._n sti._n cli._n the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n by_o sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n his_o majesty_n advocate_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o john_n reid_n anno_fw-la dom._n m_n dc_o lxxxiv_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o middleton_n my_o lord_n the_o natural_a way_n of_o learn_v all_o art_n and_o science_n be_v to_o know_v first_o the_o term_n use_v in_o they_o and_o the_o principle_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v found_v with_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o other_o a_o collection_n of_o these_o term_n and_o principle_n be_v in_o law_n call_v institution_n and_o the_o natural_a and_o easy_a way_n of_o write_v these_o be_v by_o go_v from_o the_o first_o principle_n to_o a_o second_o and_o from_o that_o to_o a_o three_o the_o admire_a method_n of_o euclid_n in_o his_o element_n though_o much_o neglect_v by_o all_o who_o have_v write_v institution_n of_o law_n in_o which_o not_o only_o many_o thing_n unnecessary_a be_v insert_v as_o almost_o all_o the_o three_o book_n of_o justinian_o institution_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o sabiniani_fw-la and_o proculiani_fw-la etc._n etc._n many_o fundamental_a title_n be_v ommit_v as_o all_o the_o matter_n of_o restitution_n and_o many_o thing_n be_v teach_v in_o the_o first_o book_n which_o can_v be_v understand_v till_o the_o four_o be_v read_v i_o have_v therefore_o in_o these_o my_o institution_n treat_v nothing_o save_o term_n and_o principle_n leave_v out_o nothing_o that_o be_v necessary_a and_o insert_v nothing_o that_o be_v controvert_v in_o all_o which_o i_o have_v proceed_v build_v always_o one_o principle_n upon_o another_o and_o express_v every_o thing_n in_o the_o term_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n or_o in_o the_o style_n of_o we_o respective_o so_o that_o if_o any_o man_n understand_v full_o this_o little_a book_n natural_a reason_n and_o think_v will_v easy_o supply_v much_o of_o what_o be_v diffuse_v through_o our_o many_o volume_n of_o treatise_n and_o decision_n whereas_o the_o study_v those_o will_v not_o in_o many_o year_n give_v a_o true_a idea_n of_o our_o law_n and_o do_v rather_o distract_v than_o instruct_v and_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v that_o more_o lawyer_n be_v ignorant_a for_o not_o understand_v the_o first_o principle_n than_o for_o not_o have_v read_v many_o book_n as_o it_o be_v not_o the_o have_v travel_v long_o but_o the_o have_v know_v the_o way_n which_o bring_v a_o man_n to_o his_o lodging_n soon_o and_o secure_o my_o lord_n you_o observe_v very_o just_o to_o i_o that_o institution_n be_v a_o grammar_n and_o therefore_o which_o be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o all_o reader_n of_o institution_n they_o who_o understand_v the_o institution_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n will_v soon_o learn_v the_o law_n of_o any_o other_o for_o though_o term_n form_n and_o custom_n differ_v yet_o the_o great_a principle_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o nation_n i_o send_v i_o therefore_o to_o your_o lordship_n not_o because_o you_o need_v they_o but_o that_o you_o may_v judge_v if_o my_o institution_n will_v be_v able_a to_o justify_v your_o parallel_n nec_fw-la phoebo_n gratior_fw-la ulla_fw-la est_fw-la quam_fw-la sibi_fw-la quae_fw-la vari_n praescripsit_fw-la pagina_fw-la nomen_fw-la the_o index_n of_o the_o title_n part_n i._n title_n i._o of_o law_n in_o general_n page_n 1_o title_n ii_o of_o jurisdiction_n and_o judge_n in_o general_a page_n 9_o title_n iii_o of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o court_n of_o scotland_n page_n 17_o title_n iv._o of_o inferior_a jurisdiction_n and_o court_n page_n 27_o title_n v._o of_o ecclesiastic_a person_n page_n 33_o title_n vi_o of_o marriage_n page_n 46_o title_n vii_o of_o minor_n and_o their_o tutor_n and_o curator_n page_n 47_o part_n ii_o title_n i._o of_o the_o division_n of_o right_n and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o acquire_a property_n and_o dominion_n page_n 74_o title_n ii_o of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o heritable_a and_o movable_a right_n page_n 83_o title_n iii_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o heritable_a right_n by_o charter_n and_o season_n page_n 92_o title_n iv._o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o hold_v title_n v._o of_o the_o casualty_n due_a to_o the_o superior_a page_n 108_o title_n vi_o of_o the_o right_n which_o the_o vassal_n acquire_v by_o get_v the_o feu_fw-fr page_n 13â—_n title_n vii_o of_o transmission_n of_o right_n by_o confirmation_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o base_a and_o public_a infeftment_n page_n 14â—_n title_n viii_o of_o redeemable_a right_n page_n 15â—_n title_n ix_o of_o servitude_n page_n 16â—_n title_n x._o of_o â—eynds_n page_n 18â—_n title_n xi_o of_o inhibitions_n page_n 19â—_n title_n xii_o of_o comprysing_n and_o adjudication_n page_n 20â—_n part_n iii_o title_n i._o of_o obligation_n and_o contract_n in_o general_a page_n 217_o title_n ii_o of_o obligation_n by_o write_n or_o word_n page_n 228_o title_n iii_o of_o obligation_n and_o contract_n arise_v from_o consent_n and_o of_o accessary_a obligation_n page_n 232_o title_n iv._o of_o the_o dissolution_n or_o extension_n of_o obligation_n page_n 255_o title_n v._o of_o assignation_n page_n 261_o title_n v._o of_o arrâ—stments_n and_o poiâ—â—ings_n page_n 265_o title_n vi_o of_o prescription_n page_n 275_o title_n vii_o of_o succession_n in_o heritable_a right_n page_n 282_o title_n viii_o of_o succession_n in_o movables_n page_n 323_o title_n ix_o of_o â—â—st_n heir_n and_o bastard_n page_n 330_o part_n iu._n title_n i._o of_o action_n page_n 334_o title_n ii_o of_o probation_n page_n 362_o title_n iii_o of_o sentence_n and_o their_o execution_n page_n 368_o title_n iv._o of_o crime_n page_n 375_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n first_o part_n tit._n i._o of_o law_n in_o general_n justice_z be_v a_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a will_n and_o inclination_n to_o give_v every_o man_n what_o be_v due_a to_o he_o law_n be_v the_o science_n which_o teach_v we_o to_o do_v justice_n this_o law_n in_o a_o large_a acceptation_n be_v divide_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o civil_a and_o municipal_a law_n of_o each_o particular_a country_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n comprehend_v those_o dictate_v which_o nature_n have_v teach_v all_o live_a creature_n instance_n whereof_o be_v self_n defence_n education_n of_o child_n and_o general_o all_o those_o common_a principle_n which_o be_v common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n and_o this_o be_v rather_o innate_a instinct_n than_o positive_a law_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v peculiar_a to_o mankind_n only_o dictate_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o original_a and_o primarie_a law_n of_o nature_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o first_o and_o pure_a principle_n of_o right_a reason_n such_o as_o reverence_n to_o god_n respect_n to_o our_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o the_o secundarie_n and_o consequential_a law_n of_o nature_n consist_v of_o these_o general_a conclusion_n in_o which_o ordinary_o all_o nation_n agree_v and_o which_o they_o draw_v by_o way_n of_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o those_o first_o principle_n and_o under_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v comprehend_v the_o obligation_n arise_v from_o promise_n or_o contract_n the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n the_o ransome_v of_o prisoner_n security_n of_o ambassador_n and_o the_o like_a civil_a or_o municipal_a law_n be_v the_o particular_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o every_o nation_n or_o people_n who_o be_v under_o one_o sovereign_a power_n the_o roman_n have_v study_v with_o great_a exactness_n the_o principle_n of_o equity_n and_o justice._n their_o emperor_n justinian_n do_v cause_n digest_v all_o their_o law_n into_o one_o body_n which_o be_v nowcal_v by_o most_o polit_fw-la nation_n for_o its_o excellency_n the_o civil_a law_n and_o as_o this_o civil_a law_n be_v much_o respect_v general_o so_o it_o have_v great_a influence_n in_o scotland_n except_o where_o our_o own_o express_a law_n or_o custom_n have_v recede_v from_o â—31_n it_o and_o by_o the_o common_a law_n in_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v mean_v the_o 31._o civil_a law_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n make_v a_o body_n of_o law_n of_o their_o own_o which_o because_o it_o be_v compile_v by_o
1000_o lib._n or_o 20_o chalder_n of_o victual_n in_o yearly_a rent_n nine_o be_v a_o quorum_fw-la crime_n of_o old_a be_v judge_v by_o the_o justice_n general_n justice_n clerk_n and_o two_o justice_n depute_v but_o now_o five_o lord_n of_o session_n be_v join_v to_o the_o justice_n general_n and_o justice_n clerk_n and_o they_o be_v call_v the_o commissioner_n of_o justiciary_a because_o they_o sit_v by_o a_o special_a commission_n only_o four_o of_o which_o number_n make_v a_o quorum_fw-la in_o time_n of_o session_n three_o in_o time_n of_o vacance_n and_o two_o at_o circuit_n court_n 18._o the_o exchequer_n be_v the_o king_n chamberlain_n court_n 18._o wherein_o he_o judge_n what_o concern_v his_o own_o revenue_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o theasurer_n in_o who_o place_n be_v sometime_o name_v commissioner_n of_o the_o theasury_n the_o theasurer_n depute_v and_o as_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o exchequer_n as_o his_o majesty_n please_v the_o high_a admiral_n have_v a_o commission_n from_o the_o king_n to_o judge_v in_o all_o maritime_a affair_n not_o only_o in_o civil_a but_o also_o in_o criminal_a case_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v at_o sea_n or_o within_o flood-mark_a nor_o can_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n advocate_n cause_v from_o he_o 16._o though_o they_o can_v reduce_v his_o decreet_n as_o he_o do_v the_o decreet_n of_o all_o inferior_a admiral_n or_o admiral_n depute_v for_o many_o heritor_n be_v constitute_v admiral_n within_o themselves_o by_o a_o right_n from_o the_o high_a admiral_n since_o his_o gift_n or_o from_o the_o king_n before_o it_o tit._n iu._n of_o inferior_a jurisdiction_n and_o court_n the_o sherriff_n be_v the_o king_n chief_a and_o ancient_a officer_n for_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o put_v the_o law_n in_o execution_n 124_o he_o have_v both_o a_o civil_a and_o criminal_a jurisdiction_n and_o his_o commission_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v the_o hue_n and_o cry_n after_o all_o rebel_n and_o to_o apprehend_v they_o when_o require_v to_o assist_v such_o as_o be_v violent_o dispossess_v to_o apprehend_v such_o as_o say_v mass_n or_o trouble_v the_o peace_n and_o take_v caution_n for_o their_o appearance_n 15._o he_o nor_o no_o inferior_a judge_n can_v hold_v court_n in_o time_n of_o vacance_n in_o civil_a case_n without_o a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n but_o in_o criminal_a case_n he_o need_v no_o dispensation_n because_o crime_n shall_v be_v instant_o punish_v he_o be_v judge_n in_o all_o crime_n except_o the_o four_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o wit_n murder_n firâ—_n rase_v robery_n and_o ravish_v of_o woman_n 79_o but_o murder_v he_o can_v judge_v if_o the_o murderer_n be_v take_v with_o red-hand_n that_o be_v to_o say_v immediate_o commit_v the_o murder_n in_o which_o case_n he_o must_v proceed_v against_o he_o within_o three_o sun_n and_o in_o theft_n he_o may_v judge_v if_o the_o thief_n be_v take_v with_o the_o fang_n the_o shireff_a be_v also_o judge_v competent_a to_o punish_v bloodwit_n for_o which_o he_o may_v sign_n in_o 50_o pound_n scot_n but_o no_o high_o and_o for_o contumacy_n he_o can_v fine_v no_o high_o than_o 10._o pound_n a_o lord_n of_o regality_n be_v he_o who_o have_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v proprietar_n or_o superior_a erect_v with_o a_o jurisdiction_n equal_a to_o the_o justice_n in_o criminal_a case_n and_o to_o the_o shirreff_a in_o civil_a cause_n he_o have_v also_o right_a to_o all_o the_o moveable_n of_o delinquent_n and_o rebel_n who_o dwell_v within_o his_o own_o jurisdiction_n whether_o these_o moveable_n be_v within_o the_o regality_n or_o without_o the_o same_o and_o because_o he_o have_v so_o great_a power_n therefore_o no_o regality_n can_v legal_o be_v grant_v except_o in_o parliament_n 43._o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n have_v also_o by_o his_o erection_n power_n to_o repledge_a from_o the_o sherriff_n and_o even_o from_o the_o justice_n in_o all_o 29._o case_n except_o treason_n and_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o appear_v and_o crave_v that_o any_o dwell_n within_o his_o jurisdiction_n may_v be_v send_v back_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o and_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o find_v caution_n that_o he_o shall_v do_v justice_n upon_o the_o malefactor_n who_o he_o repledge_v within_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o caution_n be_v call_v cull_v reach_n 89._o the_o stewart_n be_v the_o king_n sherriff_n within_o the_o king_n own_o proper_a land_n and_o these_o be_v erect_v where_o the_o land_n have_v be_v erect_v before_o in_o earledom_n or_o lordship_n for_o else_o the_o king_n appoint_v only_o a_o baillie_n in_o they_o and_o these_o jurisdiction_n be_v call_v bailliaries_n the_o baily_n of_o the_o king_n proper_a land_n have_v the_o same_o power_n with_o the_o sherriff_n and_o all_o these_o viz._n the_o sherriff_n the_o stewart_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o regality_n proceed_v in_o their_o court_n after_o the_o same_o way_n and_o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o head_n burgh_n where_o they_o hold_v their_o court_n and_o where_o all_o letter_n must_v be_v execute_v and_o registrate_n the_o prince_n of_o scotland_n have_v also_o a_o appange_a or_o patrimony_n which_o be_v erect_v in_o a_o jurisdiction_n call_v the_o principality_n the_o revenue_n come_v in_o to_o the_o exchequer_n when_o there_o be_v no_o prince_n but_o when_o there_o be_v one_o he_o have_v his_o own_o chamberlain_n justice_n of_o peace_n be_v these_o who_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n or_o privy_a council_n to_o advert_v to_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o they_o be_v judge_n to_o petty_a riot_n servant_n fie_v and_o many_o such_o like_a relate_v to_o good_a neighbourhood_n express_v in_o the_o instruction_n give_v they_o by_o the_o parliament_n 38._o and_o be_v name_v by_o the_o council_n allbeit_n be_v the_o foresay_a statute_n the_o nomination_n be_v to_o be_v by_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o royal_a successor_n which_o the_o king_n have_v now_o remit_v to_o the_o privy_a council_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n do_v name_n constable_n within_o their_o own_o bound_n from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n their_o office_n be_v to_o wait_v upon_o the_o justice_n and_o receive_v injunction_n from_o they_o delate_v such_o riot_n and_o crime_n to_o the_o justice_n as_o fall_v under_o their_o cognisance_n apprehend_v all_o suspect_a person_n vagabounds_n and_o night_n walker_n as_o be_v at_o length_n contain_v in_o their_o injunction_n give_v they_o be_v the_o aforesaid_a act._n every_o heritor_n may_v hold_v court_n for_o cause_v his_o tenant_n pay_v his_o rent_n and_o if_o he_o be_v infeft_v cum_fw-la curijs_fw-la he_o may_v decide_v betwixt_o tennent_n and_o tennent_n in_o small_a debt_n and_o may_v judge_v such_o as_o commit_v blood_n on_o his_o own_o ground_n though_o his_o land_n be_v not_o erect_v in_o a_o barronie_n but_o if_o his_o land_n be_v erect_v in_o a_o barronie_n which_o the_o king_n can_v only_o do_v he_o may_v like_o the_o sherriff_n unlaw_n for_o bloodwit_n in_o 50_o lib._n and_o for_o absence_n in_o 10._o and_o if_o he_o have_v power_n of_o pit_n and_o gallow_n he_o may_v hang_v and_o drown_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o sherriff_n can_v tit._n v._o of_o ecclesiastic_a person_n since_o the_o reformation_n the_o king_n be_v come_v by_o our_o law_n in_o place_n of_o the_o pope_n 2_o and_o all_o right_n to_o kirk-land_n must_v be_v confirm_v by_o he_o else_o they_o be_v null_a 7_o his_o majesty_n only_o can_v call_v convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n for_o so_o we_o call_v our_o national_a assembly_n 5._o and_o his_o commissioner_n sit_v in_o they_o and_o have_v a_o negative_a we_o have_v two_o archbishop_n and_o twelve_o bishop_n and_o they_o be_v thus_o elect_v the_o king_n send_v to_o the_o chapter_n a_o congee_n de_fw-fr eslire_fw-la which_o be_v a_o french_a word_n signify_v a_o power_n to_o elect_v and_o with_o it_o a_o letter_n recommend_v a_o person_n therein_o name_v and_o the_o chapter_n return_v their_o elect_n whereupon_o the_o king_n grant_v a_o patent_n to_o the_o person_n and_o a_o mandate_n to_o the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n to_o consecrate_v he_o both_o which_o pass_v the_o great_a seal_n 1_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o call_v synod_n within_o their_o own_o diocy_n 1._o and_o in_o these_o they_o name_v the_o brethren_n of_o the_o conferance_n who_o be_v like_o the_o lord_n of_o article_n in_o the_o parliament_n and_o by_o their_o advice_n the_o bishop_n depose_v suspend_v and_o manage_v bishop_n have_v their_o chapter_n without_o who_o consent_n or_o the_o major_a part_n the_o bishop_n can_v alienate_v 3._o which_o major_a part_n must_v sign_v the_o deed_n do_v be_v the_o bishop_n and_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o those_o of_o the_o chaper_fw-fr sign_n at_o any_o time_n even_o after_o
church_n man_n it_o be_v call_v the_o cannon_n law_n and_o though_o it_o have_v here_o no_o positive_a authority_n as_o be_v compile_v by_o private_a person_n at_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o pope_n especial_o since_o the_o reformation_n yet_o our_o ecclesiastic_a right_n be_v settle_v thereby_o before_o the_o reformation_n and_o because_o many_o thing_n in_o that_o law_n be_v found_v upon_o material_a justice_n and_o exact_o calculate_v for_o all_o church_n man_n therefore_o that_o law_n be_v yet_o much_o respect_v among_o we_o especial_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o conscience_n and_o ecclesiastic_a right_n our_o municipal_a law_n of_o scotland_n be_v make_v up_o partly_o of_o our_o write_a and_o partly_o of_o our_o unwritten_a law_n our_o write_a law_n comprehend_v first_o our_o statutory_a law_n which_o consist_v of_o our_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n secundo_fw-la the_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la which_o be_v statute_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n 93._o impower_v they_o to_o make_v such_o constitution_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a for_o order_v the_o â—rocedur_n and_o form_n of_o administrate_a justice_n and_o these_o be_v call_v act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la because_o they_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n sit_v in_o judgement_n but_o be_v not_o proper_o law_n the_o legislative_a power_n be_v the_o king_n prerogative_n tertio_fw-la the_o book_n of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la which_o be_v general_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o part_n of_o our_o law_n and_o they_o and_o the_o leges_fw-la burgorum_fw-la and_o the_o other_o tractate_v join_v by_o skeen_n to_o they_o be_v call_v the_o old_a book_n of_o our_o law_n by_o many_o express_a act_n of_o parliament_n 115_o though_o the_o book_n of_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la be_v original_o but_o the_o work_n of_o one_o private_a lawyer_n write_v by_o way_n of_o institution_n and_o be_v now_o very_a much_o abrogate_a by_o custom_n our_o 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council_n can_v make_v law_n yet_o they_o may_v revive_v they_o general_o all_o law_n shall_v look_v forward_o 18._o though_o declaratory_a law_n regulat_fw-la what_o be_v past_a since_o their_o design_n be_v to_o declare_v what_o be_v law_n prior_n to_o the_o statute_n and_o to_o direct_v judge_n how_o to_o decide_v in_o case_n that_o need_v the_o decision_n of_o a_o parliament_n law_n shall_v command_v not_o persuade_v and_o though_o the_o rubric_n or_o title_n and_o narrative_a of_o the_o statute_n may_v direct_v a_o doubt_a judge_n yet_o if_o the_o statutory_a word_n be_v clear_a they_o shall_v be_v follow_v in_o all_o case_n all_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o interpret_v as_o to_o evite_v absurdity_n and_o as_o may_v best_o agree_v with_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o analogy_n or_o general_a design_n of_o the_o common_a law_n correctory_n law_n so_o we_o call_v these_o which_o abrogate_v or_o restrict_n former_a law_n be_v to_o be_v strict_o interpret_v for_o we_o shall_v rece_v as_o little_a as_o can_v be_v from_o receive_v law_n honourable_a law_n be_v to_o be_v extend_v and_o the_o parity_n of_o reason_n often_o prevail_v with_o our_o judge_n to_o extend_v law_n to_o case_n that_o be_v found_v on_o the_o same_o reason_n with_o what_o be_v express_o determine_v by_o the_o statute_n tit._n ii_o of_o jurisdiction_n and_o judge_n in_o general_n have_v resolve_v to_o follow_v justinians_n method_n to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v be_v as_o little_a difference_n find_v betwixt_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o we_o as_o be_v possible_a and_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o be_v distract_v by_o different_a method_n i_o do_v resolve_v first_o to_o lay_v down_o what_o concern_v the_o person_n of_o who_o the_o law_n treat_v â—at_a â—do_n what_o concern_v the_o thing_n themselves_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o right_n obligation_n etc._n etc._n tertio_fw-la the_o action_n whereby_o these_o right_n be_v pursue_v which_o answer_v to_o the_o civilian_n objecta_fw-la juris_fw-la viz._n personae_fw-la res_fw-la &_o actiones_fw-la the_o person_n treat_v of_o in_o law_n be_v either_o civil_a or_o ecclesiastic_a the_o chief_a of_o both_o which_o be_v judge_n with_o who_o we_o shall_v begin_v and_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v a_o power_n grant_v to_o a_o magistrate_n to_o cognosce_fw-la upon_o and_o determine_v in_o cause_n and_o to_o put_v the_o sentence_n or_o decreet_a to_o execution_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o either_o his_o commission_n law_n or_o practice_n do_v allow_v all_o jurisdiction_n flow_v original_o from_o the_o king_n 18._o so_o that_o none_o have_v power_n to_o make_v depute_n except_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o commission_n and_o if_o a_o depute_v appoint_v any_o under_o he_o that_o sub-depute_a be_v call_v proper_o a_o substitute_n and_o every_o judge_n be_v answerable_a for_o the_o malversation_n of_o his_o depute_v jurisdiction_n be_v either_o cumulative_a or_o privative_a cumulative_a jurisdiction_n be_v when_o two_o judge_n have_v power_n to_o judge_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o general_o it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o king_n be_v never_o so_o denude_v but_o that_o he_o retain_v a_o inherent_a power_n to_o make_v other_o judge_n with_o the_o same_o power_n that_o he_o give_v in_o former_a 3._o commission_n and_o thus_o he_o may_v erect_v land_n in_o a_o regality_n within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o heritable_a sheriff-ship_n and_o burgh_v royal_a within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o regality_n and_o these_o bound_n within_o which_o a_o judge_n may_v exerce_fw-la his_o commission_n be_v call_v his_o territory_n so_o that_o if_o any_o judge_n exercise_n jurisdiction_n without_o his_o territory_n his_o sentence_n be_v null_a and_o among_o those_o who_o have_v a_o cumulative_a jurisdiction_n he_o who_o first_o cite_v can_v only_o judge_v and_o this_o be_v call_v jus_o praeventionis_fw-la privative_a jurisdiction_n be_v when_o one_o judge_n have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o judge_v exclusive_a of_o all_o other_o such_o power_n have_v the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o judge_v of_o all_o competition_n among_o heritable_a right_n and_o here_o there_o can_v be_v no_o prevention_n jurisdiction_n be_v found_v to_o any_o judge_n either_o because_o the_o defender_n dwell_v within_o his_o territory_n which_o be_v call_v sortiri_fw-la forum_n ratione_fw-la domicilij_fw-la or_o secundâ—_n because_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v within_o his_o territory_n which_o be_v call_v ratione_fw-la delicti_fw-la or_o tertio_fw-la if_o the_o person_n pursue_v have_v any_o immovable_a estate_n within_o his_o territory_n though_o he_o live_v not_o within_o the_o same_o he_o may_v be_v pursue_v by_o any_o action_n to_o affect_v that_o estate_n which_o be_v call_v sortiri_fw-la forum_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la sitae_fw-la a_o jurisdiction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v prorogate_v when_o a_o person_n not_o other_o way_n subject_a submit_v himself_o to_o it_o as_o when_o he_o compear_v before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n and_o propon_n defence_n all_o judge_n with_o we_o must_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n 11._o and_o the_o test_n 18._o whereby_o they_o swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o government_n of_o church_n and_o state_n as_o it_o be_v now_o establish_v and_o a_o oath_n de_fw-fr fideli_fw-la administratione_fw-la before_o they_o exerce_fw-la their_o office_n and_o no_o excommunicate_a person_n nor_o rebel_n against_o the_o government_n can_v judge_v by_o our_o law_n if_o a_o person_n be_v pursue_v before_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o competent_a he_o may_v complain_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o they_o will_v grant_v letter_n of_o advocation_n whereby_o they_o advocate_n that_o be_v to_o say_v call_v that_o cause_n from_o the_o incompetent_a judge_n to_o themselves_o and_o if_o after_o the_o letter_n of_o advocation_n be_v intimate_fw-la to_o that_o judge_n he_o yet_o proceed_v his_o decreet_a will_v be_v null_a as_o give_v spreto_fw-la mandato_fw-la jurisdiction_n be_v
but_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v absolute_o null_a in_o itself_o as_o if_o the_o principal_a do_v not_o sign_n than_o this_o obligation_n because_o it_o be_v but_o accessary_n retain_v so_o much_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n as_o to_o free_v the_o cautioner_n cautioner_n be_v to_o get_v relief_n from_o their_o principal_n not_o only_o of_o the_o principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n but_o of_o all_o damage_n and_o interest_n and_o whether_o the_o same_o be_v cau_n provide_v by_o the_o bond_n or_o not_o and_o where_o there_o be_v many_o co-cautioners_a they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la quoad_fw-la the_o creditor_n but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o pay_v the_o whole_a sum_n to_o the_o creditor_n though_o he_o get_v assignation_n from_o he_o to_o the_o whole_a yet_o he_o must_v only_o seek_v his_o relief_n from_o the_o other_o cautioner_n with_o deduction_n of_o his_o own_o part_n which_o proceed_v albeit_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o mutual_a relief_n in_o the_o bond_n and_o they_o must_v communicate_v to_o their_o co-cautioners_a what_o ease_n they_o get_v by_o way_n of_o transaction_n from_o the_o creditor_n but_o if_o they_o get_v the_o say_a ease_n by_o a_o mere_a ratification_n as_o by_o donation_n etc._n etc._n then_o they_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o communicate_v what_o ease_n they_o get_v for_o a_o creditor_n may_v just_o gratify_v one_o of_o his_o cautioner_n as_o his_o friend_n or_o relation_n without_o be_v oblige_v to_o gratify_v the_o rest_n to_o make_v obligation_n effectual_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o subject_a matter_n thereof_o be_v such_o as_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o obligation_n for_o no_o man_n câ—â—_n oblige_v himself_o to_o do_v what_o be_v either_o impossible_a unlawful_a or_o dishonest_a nor_o to_o transmit_v the_o property_n of_o thing_n sacred_a these_o not_o be_v in_o comercio_fw-la and_o albeit_o when_o the_o performance_n of_o obligation_n become_v imprestable_a the_o party_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o value_n as_o damage_n and_o interest_n yet_o in_o these_o the_o value_n be_v not_o due_a nor_o will_v he_o be_v liable_a in_o a_o penalty_n in_o case_n of_o not_o performance_n but_o yet_o a_o man_n may_v oblige_v himself_o to_o do_v something_o not_o in_o his_o own_o power_n as_o to_o cause_v another_o dispone_v land_n and_o if_o he_o fail_v he_o will_v be_v liable_a pro_fw-la damno_fw-la &_o inter_fw-la esse_fw-la or_o for_o the_o penalty_n among_o obligation_n donation_n donation_n be_v also_o reckon_v which_o be_v a_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o a_o lucrative_a cause_n or_o title_n for_o he_o who_o voluntary_o and_o gratuitous_o promise_v to_o give_v any_o thing_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o deliver_v the_o same_o and_o this_o voluntar_n give_v be_v call_v a_o donation_n which_o be_v in_o law_n define_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a liberality_n proceed_v from_o no_o previous_a eompulsion_n it_o may_v be_v perfect_v either_o by_o write_n or_o without_o it_o but_o if_o without_o write_n it_o must_v be_v prove_v by_o oath_n donation_n be_v either_o simple_a remuneratory_n or_o mortis_fw-la causae_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v donation_n make_v in_o contemplation_n of_o death_n a_o remuneratory_n donation_n donation_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v when_o a_o man_n bestow_v any_o thing_n not_o gratuitous_o but_o to_o requite_v and_o repay_v some_o good_a deed_n do_v or_o to_o be_v do_v to_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o pure_o a_o donation_n a_o donation_n in_o contemplation_n death_n of_o death_n be_v when_o the_o giver_n design_n rather_o the_o person_n to_o who_o he_o gift_n to_o have_v what_o be_v gift_v than_o any_o other_o but_o wish_n himself_o to_o have_v it_o rather_o than_o he_o to_o who_o he_o gift_n it_o and_o therefore_o though_o pure_a donation_n be_v not_o revocable_a yet_o a_o donatio_fw-la mortio_fw-la causa_fw-la be_v be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o legacy_n and_o no_o donation_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v donatio_fw-la mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la except_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v so_o either_o express_o or_o by_o strong_a presumption_n that_o the_o thing_n gift_v be_v only_o gift_v in_o contemplation_n of_o death_n gift_n be_v a_o mere_a liberality_n be_v not_o presume_v and_o gift_n therefore_o by_o our_o law_n debtor_n non_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la donare_fw-la quam_fw-la diu_fw-la est_fw-la debtor_n but_o this_o be_v only_o a_o praesumptio_fw-la juris_fw-la may_v be_v take_v off_o by_o strong_a argument_n just_o infer_v that_o donation_n rather_o than_o payment_n be_v design_v title_n iv._o of_o the_o dissolution_n or_o extinction_n of_o obligation_n have_v clear_v how_o obligation_n be_v constitute_v it_o remain_v now_o to_o consider_v how_o they_o be_v take_v off_o and_o extinguish_v which_o be_v either_o by_o a_o contrary_a consent_n or_o by_o implement_n and_o satisfaction_n since_o consent_n be_v necessary_a to_o consent_n the_o constitution_n of_o obligation_n so_o a_o contrary_a eonsent_n whether_o by_o a_o discharge_v or_o pactum_fw-la de_fw-la non_fw-la petendo_fw-la do_v dissolve_v and_o extinguish_v obligation_n nam_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la tam_fw-la naturale_fw-la quam_fw-la eo_fw-la genere_fw-la quidque_fw-la dissolvere_fw-la quo_fw-la colligatum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v constitute_v by_o write_v it_o require_v write_v to_o the_o dissolution_n thereof_o which_o be_v call_v a_o discharge_n and_o discharge_v require_v the_o same_o solemnity_n discharge_v that_o obligation_n do_v but_o yet_o if_o the_o obligation_n be_v satisfy_v via_fw-la facti_fw-la as_o by_o intromission_n with_o rent_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v probable_a by_o witness_n as_o all_o fact_n be_v discharge_v be_v either_o general_a of_o all_o that_o party_n can_v ask_v or_o particular_a claim_v or_o particular_a of_o one_o particular_a thing_n or_o subject_n and_o in_o general_n discharge_v if_o any_o particular_a thing_n be_v express_o discharge_v therein_o the_o general_a clause_n will_v be_v extend_v to_o particular_n of_o no_o great_a importance_n than_o what_o be_v express_o discharge_v discharge_v do_v ordinary_o bear_v a_o clause_n discharge_v all_o preceeding_n till_o their_o date_n and_o albeit_o they_o do_v not_o yet_o three_o consecutive_a discharge_v do_v presume_v that_o all_o bygone_n be_v satisfy_v if_o they_o be_v immediate_o annorum_fw-la subsequent_a to_o one_o another_o and_o grant_v by_o party_n have_v power_n to_o discharge_v as_o discharge_v by_o heritor_n or_o chamberlain_n to_o their_o tenant_n and_o therefore_o discharge_v of_o 3._o subsequent_a year_n grant_v by_o merchant_n who_o buy_v the_o ferm_n of_o these_o year_n will_v not_o infer_v the_o presumption_n but_o it_o will_v be_v infer_v by_o discharge_v for_o a_o part_n of_o the_o three_o year_n grant_v by_o the_o father_n and_o the_o rest_n by_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o heir_n the_o discharge_v be_v in_o write_n contain_v a_o discharge_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n rend_v so_o that_o partial_a receipt_n albeit_o they_o extend_v to_o more_o than_o the_o year_n rend_v will_v not_o presume_v that_o all_o preceeding_n be_v pay_v neither_o one_o discharge_v for_o three_o subsequent_a term_n or_o year_n the_o presumption_n be_v infer_v from_o renew_v of_o the_o discharge_v each_o year_n without_o reservation_n obligation_n be_v extinguish_v and_o payment_n dissolve_v by_o payment_n which_o be_v the_o perform_n of_o the_o obligation_n in_o the_o precise_a term_n thereof_o and_o be_v so_o favourable_a that_o if_o it_o be_v make_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la it_o dissolve_v the_o obligation_n albeit_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v have_v no_o right_n so_o payment_n make_v to_o a_o procurator_n after_o the_o procuratorie_n be_v revoke_v without_o the_o payer_n knowledge_n will_v be_v sustain_v and_o payment_n make_v to_o minister_n serve_v the_o cure_n though_o they_o have_v no_o title_n to_o the_o benefice_n will_v liberat_fw-la the_o payer_n obligation_n be_v likewise_o fulfil_v by_o acceptilation_n which_o be_v a_o imaginary_a satisfaction_n as_o if_o it_o be_v true_o perform_v and_o acceptilation_n have_v the_o effect_n and_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o payment_n secundo_fw-la by_o compensation_n whereby_o if_o the_o creditor_n of_o a_o compensation_n liquid_a sum_n become_v debtor_n to_o his_o debtor_n in_o another_o liquid_a sum_n the_o two_o obligation_n extinguish_v each_o other_o ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o be_v equivalent_a to_o payment_n in_o all_o case_n but_o if_o the_o sum_n be_v not_o liquid_a or_o if_o a_o species_n or_o body_n be_v crave_v to_o compense_v a_o liquid_a sum_n it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v tertio_fw-la obligation_n be_v take_v away_o by_o innovation_n which_o be_v the_o change_a one_o obligation_n for_o another_o and_o if_o the_o person_n of_o innovation_n the_o debtor_n be_v change_v it_o be_v call_v delegation_n innovation_n be_v never_o presume_v except_o it_o be_v express_o mention_v or_o that_o the_o obligation_n bear_v express_o to_o be_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o former_a quarto_fw-la obligation_n be_v extinguish_v by_o confusion_n that_o
he_o be_v legittimate_v by_o a_o letter_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o extend_v not_o to_o heritage_n or_o have_v child_n survive_v he_o for_o the_o bastard_n child_n will_v always_o seclude_v the_o king_n the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n of_o bastardy_n make_v a_o donatar_n who_o pursue_v declarator_n and_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o debt_n for_o in_o effect_n the_o king_n succeed_v here_o quasi_fw-la vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la and_o creditor_n use_v the_o same_o execution_n in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o the_o other_o and_o in_o both_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la and_o bastardy_n the_o relict_n have_v still_o her_o share_n of_o the_o movable_n as_o in_o other_o case_n child_n procreate_v betwixt_o person_n divorce_v and_o these_o with_o who_o they_o have_v commit_v adultery_n can_v not_o succeed_v to_o they_o 20._o the_o institution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o scotland_n part_n four_o title_n i._o of_o action_n have_v finish_v these_o action_n two_o first_o part_n of_o the_o law_n which_o treat_v of_o person_n and_o right_n we_o come_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o three_o part_n viz._n action_n whereby_o these_o person_n pursue_v those_o right_n a_o action_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o right_n of_o prosecute_n in_o judgement_n what_o be_v due_a to_o we_o and_o it_o suffer_v very_o many_o division_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o some_o be_v real_a and_o some_o personal_n a_o personal_a action_n be_v that_o whereby_o we_o only_o action_n can_v pursue_v the_o person_n that_o be_v oblige_v to_o we_o as_o where_o i_o pursue_v a_o man_n for_o payment_n of_o a_o sum_n due_a by_o his_o bond._n a_o real_a action_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n pursue_v his_o right_n against_o all_o singular_a successor_n as_o well_o as_o the_o person_n who_o be_v first_o oblige_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o one_o have_v a_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_n he_o can_v not_o only_o pursue_v the_o grant_a for_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n by_o a_o personal_a action_n but_o he_o can_v by_o a_o real_a action_n call_v a_o action_n for_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n pursue_v all_o singular_a successor_n and_o poind_v the_o tenant_n and_o intromitter_n with_o the_o rent_n for_o recover_v of_o his_o annualrent_n out_o of_o the_o land_n that_o stand_v affect_v with_o his_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_a action_n be_v also_o divide_v iâ—_n ordinary_a action_n and_o action_n rescissory_a for_o with_o we_o all_o action_n be_v call_v ordinary_a action_n except_o improbation_n whereby_o we_o pursue_v paper_n to_o be_v declare_v false_a and_o forge_v or_o reduction_n reduction_n whereby_o we_o pursue_v right_n to_o be_v declare_v null_n and_o to_o be_v reduce_v in_o improbation_n there_o be_v two_o term_n give_v to_o produce_v the_o write_n because_o the_o danger_n be_v imp._n great_a and_o if_o the_o writer_n and_o witness_n of_o and_o in_o that_o write_v be_v alive_a their_o testimony_n be_v only_o allow_v as_o probation_n which_o imp._n be_v call_v the_o direct_a manner_n of_o improbation_n but_o if_o these_o be_v dead_a the_o lord_n try_v the_o verity_n of_o the_o write_v by_o strong_a presumption_n and_o conjecture_n which_o be_v call_v the_o indirect_a manner_n of_o improbation_n but_o because_o in_o reâ—uctions_n the_o write_v call_v for_o imp._n 〈◊〉_d only_o to_o be_v declare_v null_n till_o 〈◊〉_d be_v produce_v therefore_o there_o â—s_v only_o one_o term_n grant_v for_o produce_v no_o certification_n will_v be_v granâ—â—d_v against_o any_o write_v make_v â—y_a the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o his_o predecessor_n and_o author_n except_o he_o be_v â—â—rved_v heir_n to_o these_o predecessor_n and_o produce_v a_o right_n make_v by_o these_o imp._n author_n but_o certification_n will_v â—e_v grant_v against_o any_o right_n make_v to_o the_o defender_n or_o their_o predecessor_n to_o who_o they_o may_v succeed_v jure_fw-la sanguiâ—is_fw-la or_o to_o their_o author_n or_o any_o to_o who_o these_o author_n may_v succeed_v jure_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la if_o any_o person_n be_v call_v to_o represent_v these_o author_n the_o ordinary_a reduction_n be_v ex_fw-la capite_fw-la inhibitionis_fw-la whereby_o we_o pursue_v right_n to_o be_v declarâ—â—_n null_a as_o grant_v after_o inhibition_n be_v raise_v by_o we_o or_o ex_fw-la capite_fw-la interdicâ—ionis_fw-la if_o grant_v after_o interdiction_n be_v raise_v by_o we_o or_o ex_fw-la capite_fw-la vis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d metus_fw-la if_o the_o right_n be_v extortâ—â—_n from_o we_o by_o force_n or_o ex_fw-la capitâ—_n fraudis_fw-la if_o the_o right_n be_v eliâ—â—_n from_o we_o by_o circumvention_n in_o botâ—_n which_o last_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi muâ—_n libel_v the_o qualification_n or_o circumstance_n from_o which_o thâ—_n force_n or_o fraud_n be_v infer_v or_o ex_fw-la capite_fw-la lecti_fw-la if_o the_o deed_n be_v do_v upon_o deathbed_n iâ—_n prejudice_n of_o a_o appearand_a heirâ—_n or_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o 18._o if_o the_o deed_n be_v donâ—_n in_o prejudice_n of_o prior_n lawful_a creditor_n in_o favour_n of_o conjunct_a or_o confident_a person_n that_o be_v to_o say_v relation_n or_o trusty_n without_o a_o onerous_a cause_n or_o to_o a_o creditor_n though_o for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n in_o prejudice_n of_o another_o who_o have_v do_v prio_fw-la diligencâ—_n that_o be_v habile_fw-la to_o affect_v the_o subject_n dispone_v all_o whiâ—h_n and_o many_o other_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v oppose_v to_o ordinary_a action_n because_o they_o be_v extraordinary_a remedy_n invent_v by_o law_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o man_n right_n and_o be_v call_v extraordinary_a because_o they_o be_v never_o competent_a till_o other_o ordinary_a remedy_n fail_v action_n of_o reprobatour_n and_o reprobatour_n error_n be_v in_o effect_n reduction_n and_o must_v have_v the_o concourse_n of_o the_o king_n advocate_n in_o the_o first_o whereof_o a_o party_n against_o who_o witness_n have_v depone_v unjust_o crave_v the_o decreet_a pronounce_v upon_o these_o deposition_n to_o be_v reduce_v because_o the_o witness_n have_v depone_v false_o circa_fw-la initialia_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la and_o condescend_v in_o his_o reason_n of_o reduction_n up_o on_o the_o particular_n wherein_o they_o have_v depone_v false_o and_o also_o conclude_v that_o the_o testimony_n shall_v be_v reprobate_v in_o the_o summons_n of_o error_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi crave_v that_o a_o service_n whereby_o the_o defender_n be_v serve_v heiâ—_n error_n to_o such_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v because_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v a_o neâ—rer_a relation_n to_o the_o defunct_a than_o the_o person_n wrongous_o serve_v upon_o which_o he_o condescend_v and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o the_o service_n and_o all_o follow_v thereupon_o may_v be_v reduce_v and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v find_v that_o the_o inquest_n who_o serve_v he_o heir_n have_v err_v and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a summons_n that_o be_v draw_v in_o latin_a with_o we_o some_o action_n be_v call_v prejudicial_a preparalâ—râ—_n or_o prejudicial_a action_n because_o they_o must_v be_v discuss_v before_o other_o action_n be_v competent_a as_o for_o instance_n if_o i_o pursue_v for_o a_o sum_n and_o the_o defender_n raise_v a_o improbation_n allege_v the_o write_n to_o be_v false_a the_o trial_n of_o the_o falsehood_n must_v be_v first_o discuss_v and_o so_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o action_n of_o payment_n exhibition_n conclude_v either_o mere_o to_o exhibit_v the_o write_v or_o exhibition_n the_o thing_n call_v for_o and_o than_o it_o be_v only_o a_o preparatory_a action_n such_o as_o exhibition_n ad_fw-la deliberandum_fw-la or_o else_o they_o conclude_v delivery_n and_o in_o all_o exhibition_n the_o ordinar_n term_n libel_v be_v that_o the_o defender_n have_v have_v or_o have_v fraudful_o put_v away_o the_o paper_n or_o thing_n crave_v to_o be_v exhibit_v and_o therefore_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o exhibit_v except_o he_o have_v they_o since_o the_o citation_n or_o fraudful_o put_v they_o away_o to_o elude_v a_o future_a citation_n some_o action_n be_v call_v actiones_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la in_o which_o fidei_fw-la equity_n be_v follow_v as_o action_n upon_o mandate_n depositation_n emption_n location_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o the_o judge_n consider_v juris_fw-la what_o in_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o one_o party_n to_o another_o and_o some_o action_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o which_o the_o judge_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o strict_a prescript_n of_o the_o contract_n upon_o which_o the_o action_n be_v raise_v as_o in_o a_o declarator_n of_o redemption_n wherein_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi crave_v that_o it_o may_v be_v declare_v that_o he_o have_v lawful_o redeem_v the_o land_n that_o be_v wadsete_v in_o which_o case_n the_o judge_n must_v consider_v the_o very_a precise_a term_n of_o the_o reversion_n and_o that_o the_o land_n be_v redeem_v conform_a to_o these_o term_n nor_o be_v equipollency_n relevant_a in_o these_o case_n some_o action_n be_v call_v rei_fw-la persecutoriae_fw-la by_o which_o we_o persecutoriae_fw-la pursue_v that_o quod_fw-la patrimonio_fw-la nostro_fw-la abest_fw-la
dependence_n and_o if_o it_o be_v refuse_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi will_v have_v no_o further_o action_n nor_o the_o defender_n will_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o insist_v any_o further_a in_o that_o defence_n dup_o etc._n etc._n whereon_o his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n be_v crave_v a_o oath_n in_o litem_fw-la be_v that_o litem_fw-la which_o law_n allow_v the_o judge_n to_o defer_v to_o he_o who_o be_v injure_v for_o prove_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v injure_v v._o g._n if_o i_o pursue_v titius_n for_o have_v break_v up_o my_o trunk_n and_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o he_o do_v break_v it_o up_o the_o judge_n will_v refer_v to_o my_o oath_n what_o i_o have_v in_o the_o trunk_n and_o this_o be_v allow_v both_o in_o odium_fw-la of_o he_o who_o commit_v the_o injury_n and_o lest_o the_o person_n unjust_o injure_v shall_v loss_n his_o right_n for_o want_n of_o probation_n a_o qualify_a oath_n be_v that_o whereby_o he_o to_o who_o oath_n any_o thing_n be_v refer_v depones_fw-la not_o simple_o but_o circumstantial_o which_o we_o call_v to_o depone_v with_o a_o oath_n quality_n v._o g._n if_o i_o pursue_v titius_n for_o payment_n of_o 100_o lib._n which_o he_o promise_v to_o pay_v who_o compear_v and_o depones_fw-la that_o he_o do_v indeed_o promise_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o he_o allow_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi to_o intromit_n with_o good_n belong_v to_o the_o deponent_a equivalent_a to_o the_o sum_n due_a by_o the_o promise_n with_o which_o according_o he_o have_v intromit_v and_o those_o qualify_a oath_n general_o be_v admit_v if_o the_o quality_n be_v intrinsic_a that_o be_v to_o say_v necessary_o employ_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o in_o the_o foresay_a instance_n but_o if_o the_o quality_n be_v extrinsic_a it_o in_o effect_n resolve_v in_o a_o defence_n and_o so_o must_v be_v prove_v otherways_o than_o by_o the_o qualify_a oath_n as_o if_o a_o debt_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o party_n oath_n who_o depones_fw-la that_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o debt_n but_o that_o it_o be_v pay_v this_o will_v not_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o quality_n but_o be_v in_o effect_n a_o defence_n which_o must_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o than_o by_o his_o oath_n probation_n by_o witness_n have_v be_v allow_v in_o all_o case_n of_o old_a until_o the_o falseness_n of_o man_n force_v our_o lawgiver_n to_o allow_v nothing_o above_o 100_o lib._n to_o be_v prove_v without_o write_v or_o oath_n and_o promise_n to_o be_v only_o prove_v by_o oath_n this_o probation_n by_o witness_n be_v therefore_o call_v probatio_fw-la pro_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la and_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o know_v that_o none_o within_o degree_n defendant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v who_o be_v cousin_n german_n or_o of_o neareâ—_n relation_n can_v be_v witness_n noâ—_n woman_n nor_o tenant_n who_o have_v no_o tack_n nor_o person_n declare_v infamous_a nor_o domestic_a servant_n nor_o such_o as_o may_v gain_v or_o loss_n by_o the_o cause_n nor_o such_o as_o have_v give_v partial_a counsel_n that_o be_v to_o say_v advice_n to_o raise_v or_o carry_v on_o the_o pursuit_n or_o such_o as_o have_v tell_v what_o they_o will_v depone_v which_o we_o call_v prodere_fw-la testimonium_fw-la nor_o such_o as_o compear_v to_o depone_v without_o be_v cite_v who_o the_o law_n call_v testes_fw-la ultronio_n and_o reject_v they_o because_o of_o their_o suspect_a forewardness_n all_o other_o except_o these_o may_v depone_v and_o be_v call_v habile_fw-la witness_n and_o if_o habile_fw-la witness_n refuse_v to_o come_v when_o they_o be_v cite_v there_o will_v be_v first_o horn_v and_o then_o caption_n direct_v against_o they_o which_o be_v call_v first_o and_o second_o diligence_n but_o their_o escheate_n will_v presumption_n not_o fall_v upon_o that_o horn_n presumption_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o probation_n and_o a_o presumption_n be_v defyne_v to_o be_v a_o strong_a ground_n or_o argument_n whereby_o a_o judge_n have_v reason_n to_o think_v or_o be_v convince_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v true_a and_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o presumptiones_fw-la juris_fw-la which_o though_o they_o be_v strong_a yet_o may_v be_v take_v off_o by_o a_o contrary_a probation_n as_o if_o a_o man_n threaten_v to_o poison_v another_o if_o the_o person_n be_v thereafter_o poison_v it_o be_v presumable_a that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o the_o threatener_n and_o presumptiones_fw-la juris_fw-la &_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la constituit_fw-la super_fw-la presumpto_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o a_o ultronius_fw-la witness_n who_o offer_v he_o self_n be_v partial_a and_o therefore_o statute_n upon_o that_o presumption_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v and_o against_o these_o presumption_n no_o probation_n can_v be_v admit_v title_n iii_o of_o sentence_n and_o their_o execution_n after_o a_o decrect_a be_v extract_v the_o obtainer_n thereof_o raise_v letter_n of_o horn_v thereon_o whereby_o the_o party_n decern_v be_v charge_v to_o pay_v or_o fulfil_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decreet_a under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o this_o decreet_a can_v only_o be_v quarrel_v by_o reduction_n or_o suspension_n in_o both_o which_o the_o reason_n whereupon_o it_o be_v quarrel_v be_v set_v down_o nor_o can_v a_o decreet_a of_o the_o lord_n be_v take_v away_o without_o reduction_n and_o if_o there_o have_v be_v a_o debate_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o so_o we_o call_v the_o action_n before_o the_o decreet_a as_o we_o call_v reduction_n and_o suspension_n the_o second_o instance_n then_o nothing_o that_o be_v competent_a to_o have_v be_v propon_v before_o the_o decreet_a will_v be_v admit_v but_o will_v be_v repel_v as_o competent_a and_o omit_v for_o else_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o end_n of_o debate_n but_o yet_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v new_o emerge_v or_o have_v new_o come_v to_o the_o party_n knowledge_n these_o be_v and_o must_v be_v receive_v if_o he_o depone_v that_o he_o know_v not_o the_o same_o former_o the_o ordinar_n effect_n of_o a_o suspension_n be_v to_o stop_v the_o execution_n of_o sentence_n for_o a_o time_n and_o it_o be_v a_o summons_n wherein_o the_o party_n allege_v injure_v by_o a_o decreet_a do_v cite_v the_o party_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o decreet_a suspension_n before_o the_o lord_n for_o no_o inferior_a court_n can_v suspend_v to_o answer_v to_o the_o reason_n offer_v by_o he_o for_o suspending_a execution_n upon_o that_o decreet_a which_o summons_n proceed_v upon_o a_o bill_n wherein_o the_o reason_n be_v represent_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o though_o sometime_o the_o lord_n ordain_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v debate_v upon_o the_o bill_n yet_o ordinary_o they_o ordain_v letter_n of_o suspension_n to_o be_v raise_v if_o the_o decreet_n be_v in_o foro_fw-la than_o the_o suspension_n must_v pass_v by_o the_o whole_a lord_n in_o time_n of_o session_n and_o by_o three_o lord_n in_o time_n of_o vaccance_n but_o other_o decreet_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o any_o one_o lord_n there_o be_v other_o reason_n allow_v to_o be_v insist_v on_o beside_o these_o in_o the_o bill_n and_o these_o be_v call_v eik_v reason_n and_o a_o man_n may_v suspend_v upon_o new_a reason_n as_o oft_o as_o he_o please_v for_o competent_a and_o omit_v be_v not_o receive_v against_o suspension_n if_o the_o suspension_n be_v call_v discuss_v and_o the_o letter_n find_v orderly_o proceed_v that_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v put_v to_o further_a execution_n then_o letter_n of_o caption_n may_v be_v raise_v whereby_o all_o the_o inferior_a judge_n and_o magistrate_n caption_n be_v ordain_v to_o concur_v with_o the_o messenger_n in_o apprehend_v the_o rebel_n and_o put_v he_o in_o prison_n which_o if_o they_o refuse_v or_o if_o the_o prisoner_n thereafter_o action_n escape_v out_o of_o their_o prison_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v the_o debt_n by_o a_o subsidiarie_n action_n decreet_n be_v execute_v likewise_o by_o poind_v and_o arrestment_n upon_o the_o warrant_n in_o the_o letter_n of_o horn_v which_o be_v full_o treat_v in_o their_o proper_a place_n vide_fw-la supra_fw-la tit._n poind_v and_o arrestment_n tit._n 5._o part_v 3_o as_o to_o execution_n of_o immovable_a good_n which_o be_v by_o comprise_v and_o adjudication_n the_o same_o be_v former_o treat_v part_v 2_o tit_n 12._o if_o the_o decreet_a be_v to_o remove_v ejectino_n from_o land_n than_o the_o party_n decern_v to_o remove_v be_v denounce_v rebel_n for_o not_o remove_v the_o sherriff_n or_o judge_n ordinar_n be_v charge_v to_o eject_v who_o come_v to_o the_o land_n and_o put_v out_o the_o fire_n or_o cast_v out_o some_o of_o the_o plenish_n but_o if_o a_o man_n continue_v to_o possess_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o law_n after_o sword_n he_o be_v legal_o eject_v the_o privy_a council_n will_v give_v letter_n of_o fire_n and_o sword_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v commissionate_v the_o sherriff_n and_o other_o who_o he_o will_v