prove_v ought_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a be_v try_v in_o combat_n but_o for_o more_o particular_a knowledge_n of_o this_o matter_n you_o shall_v understand_v that_o we_o call_v a_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o reason_n injury_n or_o as_o some_o do_v term_v it_o offence_n or_o wrong_n and_o the_o burden_n be_v a_o certain_a natural_a obligation_n whereby_o a_o man_n stand_v bind_v to_o repulse_n or_o maintain_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n wherefore_o whensoever_o we_o see_v a_o man_n burden_a or_o charge_v it_o be_v present_o and_o consequent_o look_v for_o that_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o challenger_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v that_o otherwhiles_o one_o man_n may_v do_v unto_o another_o such_o a_o act_n as_o may_v be_v both_o a_o injury_n and_o a_o burden_n so_o may_v also_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v without_o burden_n and_o a_o burden_n without_o injury_n a_o injury_n join_v with_o burden_n be_v thus_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v charge_v i_o with_o a_o evil_a fact_n never_o by_o i_o commit_v whereby_o contrary_a to_o all_o reason_n he_o seek_v my_o slander_n hereby_o he_o offer_v i_o injury_n and_o the_o burden_n he_o lay_v upon_o i_o be_v for_o that_o i_o stand_v bind_v to_o repulse_n and_o make_v answer_n unto_o such_o outrageous_a word_n and_o consequent_o be_o force_v to_o answer_v he_o lie_v whereby_o i_o be_o disburden_v &_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o he_o by_o which_o mean_v i_o become_v discharge_v of_o my_o obligation_n and_o bind_v he_o unto_o the_o proof_n and_o maintain_v of_o his_o word_n which_o be_v to_o maintain_v and_o be_v a_o challenger_n and_o in_o handle_v the_o matter_n this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o i_o only_o do_v burden_n he_o without_o offer_n of_o injury_n because_o i_o make_v this_o answer_n upon_o a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n only_o with_o intent_n to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o he_o a_o injury_n without_o burden_n be_v in_o two_o sort_n viz._n in_o word_n or_o in_o deed_n as_o thus_o if_o one_o man_n shall_v charge_v another_o in_o word_n with_o that_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o make_v any_o answer_n at_o all_o because_o he_o who_o speak_v such_o word_n prove_v himself_o a_o apparent_a liar_n and_o therefore_o not_o worthy_a of_o so_o much_o respect_n as_o to_o be_v answer_v so_o be_v those_o word_n injury_n but_o no_o burden_n a_o injury_n in_o deed_n without_o burden_n be_v when_o one_o man_n offer_v unto_o a_o other_o violence_n with_o advantage_n or_o in_o such_o evil_a sort_n as_o the_o fact_n appear_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o honour_n and_o reason_n in_o that_o case_n to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o injure_a challenge_n the_o injurer_n see_v the_o matter_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o apparent_a but_o happy_o it_o may_v be_v say_v by_o he_o that_o be_v injure_v shall_v i_o rest_v without_o revenge_n thereunto_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o prince_n or_o other_o have_v authority_n to_o grant_v combat_n that_o to_o admit_v trial_n by_o arm_n be_v only_o lawful_a for_o the_o find_v out_o and_o justification_n of_o truth_n but_o the_o punishment_n of_o wilful_a act_n contrary_a to_o peace_n be_v by_o civil_a authority_n to_o be_v perform_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n whosoever_o receive_v a_o injury_n in_o deed_n dishonorablie_o offer_v be_v thereby_o neither_o dishonour_v nor_o burden_a and_o for_o revenge_v of_o such_o cowardly_a and_o bestial_a offence_n it_o be_v allowable_a to_o use_v any_o advantage_n or_o subtlety_n according_a to_o the_o italian_a proverb_n ad_fw-la una_fw-la sopercheria_fw-gr si_fw-fr conviene_fw-fr un_fw-fr '_o altra_fw-la sopercheria_fw-gr &_o ad_fw-la un_fw-it tradimento_fw-it un_fw-it altro_fw-it tradimento_fw-it which_o be_v that_o one_o advantage_n require_v another_o and_o one_o treason_n may_v be_v with_o another_o acquit_v how_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a it_o be_v to_o offer_v injury_n with_o advantage_n and_o cowardly_a cap._n 2._o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a that_o heretofore_o we_o have_v say_v that_o a_o traitorous_a injury_n may_v be_v in_o like_a sort_n revenge_v yet_o be_v it_o very_o reasonable_a that_o so_o it_o shall_v be_v and_o though_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o do_v he_o that_o offer_v such_o a_o injury_n incur_v apparent_a infamy_n without_o burden_v he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v offer_v for_o what_o reason_n can_v maintain_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v worthy_a of_o infamy_n that_o be_v by_o another_o cowardly_a and_o sudden_o hurt_v or_o strike_v nay_o who_o be_v he_o that_o will_v not_o blame_v he_o that_o offer_v such_o a_o injury_n and_o acquit_v he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v do_v to_o conclude_v therefore_o i_o say_v the_o infamy_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o that_o wilful_o do_v a_o dishonourable_a wrong_n not_o to_o he_o that_o receive_v it_o for_o no_o man_n want_v power_n to_o refrain_v a_o wicked_a action_n no_o man_n want_v power_n to_o perform_v his_o promise_n no_o man_n be_v force_v to_o be_v a_o traitor_n &_o therefore_o whosoever_o fall_v into_o any_o such_o fault_n become_v odious_a and_o infamous_a beside_o that_o in_o offend_v cowardly_a he_o seem_v to_o want_v virtue_n and_o courage_n require_v in_o a_o gentleman_n by_o ancient_a custom_n it_o have_v therefore_o be_v determine_v that_o if_o any_o man_n have_v commit_v such_o cowardly_a and_o foul_a fact_n shall_v afterward_o challenge_v another_o gentleman_n he_o may_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o infamy_n due_a for_o his_o former_a do_n be_v lawful_o refuse_v i_o will_v also_o advise_v all_o gentleman_n to_o eschew_v one_o other_o vile_a and_o evil_a abuse_n which_o be_v thus_o a_o man_n have_v offer_v injurious_a word_n and_o be_v lawful_o belie_v he_o may_v not_o with_o a_o cowardly_a stroke_n or_o touch_v of_o a_o cudgel_n or_o any_o such_o like_a mean_n think_v to_o be_v acquit_v of_o the_o burden_n as_o some_o man_n have_v suppose_v yet_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n do_v think_v that_o to_o give_v a_o blow_n or_o spit_v in_o the_o face_n of_o a_o man_n and_o run_v away_o discharge_v a_o lawful_a lie_n which_o be_v far_o otherwise_o my_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v that_o a_o man_n direct_o be_v not_o discharge_v by_o any_o such_o act_n but_o stand_v still_o burden_a to_o prove_v that_o affirmation_n whereupon_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v he_o and_o consequent_o must_v challenge_v that_o every_o lie_v give_v ought_v not_o to_o occasion_n combat_n cap._n 3._o forsomuch_o as_o the_o lie_n be_v not_o indeed_o the_o cause_n of_o fight_n but_o the_o occasion_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o upon_o every_o lie_n give_v combat_n shall_v forthwith_o follow_v for_o if_o the_o fault_n wherewith_o a_o man_n be_v accuse_v be_v not_o such_o as_o require_v trial_n in_o arm_n than_o do_v not_o the_o lie_v give_v thereupon_o bind_v he_o because_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o not_o of_o the_o lie_n be_v to_o be_v respect_v therefore_o in_o every_o law_n whereby_o combat_n be_v permit_v the_o cause_n be_v express_o and_o particular_o declare_v as_o both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o lombardie_n and_o the_o imperial_a constitution_n appear_v for_o what_o cause_v the_o combat_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v cap._n 4._o a_o thing_n most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o to_o reduce_v the_o ancient_a custom_n to_o the_o use_n of_o present_a time_n be_v not_o only_o hard_a and_o difficult_a but_o also_o impossible_a wherefore_o omit_v to_o tell_v of_o what_o have_v be_v we_o will_v only_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o ought_v be_v in_o this_o matter_n observe_v i_o say_v then_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o quarrel_n whereupon_o it_o behove_v to_o use_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n may_v be_v reduce_v into_o two_o for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o reasonable_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v expose_v himself_o to_o the_o peril_n of_o death_n save_v only_o for_o such_o occasion_n as_o do_v deserve_v death_n wherefore_o whensoever_o one_o man_n do_v accuse_v another_o of_o such_o a_o crime_n as_o merit_v death_n in_o that_o case_n the_o combat_n ought_v be_v grant_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o combat_n be_v honour_n because_o among_o person_n of_o reputation_n honour_n be_v prefer_v before_o life_n therefore_o whensoever_o any_o such_o crime_n be_v impute_v as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v judge_v infamous_a the_o combat_n and_o trial_n of_o arm_n ought_v be_v allow_v if_o by_o civil_a and_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n it_o can_v how_o between_o padrin_n no_o fight_n or_o quarrel_v aught_o to_o be_v cap._n 5._o at_o such_o time_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v by_o prince_n permit_v the_o custom_n be_v that_o those_o unto_o who_o the_o field_n be_v grant_v do_v bring_v with_o they_o certain_a friend_n to_o behold_v the_o fight_n and_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o agreement_n and_o capitulation_n
of_o the_o weapon_n cap._n 7._o how_o many_o way_n victory_n be_v gain_v cap._n 8._o what_o be_v ancientlie_o due_a unto_o such_o as_o be_v victorious_a in_o public_a combat_n cap._n 9_o the_o three_o book_n what_o sort_n of_o man_n ought_v not_o be_v admit_v in_o trial_n of_o arm_n cap._n 1._o whether_o a_o bastard_n may_v challenge_v a_o gentleman_n to_o combat_n cap._n 2._o of_o restitution_n of_o honor._n cap._n 3._o of_o the_o disequalitie_n of_o gentleman_n cap._n 4._o of_o injury_n do_v with_o advantage_n cap._n 5._o of_o injury_n evil_a offer_v cap._n 6._o of_o satisfaction_n cap._n 7._o what_o satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v give_v upon_o a_o injury_n by_o deed_n cap._n 8._o other_o mean_n of_o pacification_n and_o composition_n cap._n 9_o of_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v give_v upon_o word_n cap._n 10._o how_o the_o give_n of_o satisfaction_n be_v a_o thing_n not_o reproachful_a cap._n 11._o the_o four_o book_n of_o nobility_n accompany_v with_o great_a dignity_n cap._n 1._o whether_o a_o king_n may_v challenge_v a_o emperor_n to_o combat_n cap._n 2._o whether_o a_o quarrel_n between_o two_o emperor_n may_v be_v decide_v by_o particular_a combat_n cap._n 3._o of_o the_o equality_n and_o disequalitie_n of_o great_a nobility_n and_o of_o the_o privilege_n due_a unto_o all_o man_n profess_v arm_n cap._n 4._o certain_a question_n opinion_n and_o judgement_n upon_o accident_n happen_v in_o trial_n and_o exercise_n of_o arm_n cap._n 5._o of_o the_o honour_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o be_v disarm_v in_o sundry_a place_n and_o of_o sundry_a piece_n cap._n 6._o of_o honour_n gain_v or_o lose_v by_o the_o hurt_v give_v or_o take_v in_o combat_n for_o life_n or_o in_o triumph_n cap._n 7._o of_o just_n and_o turniaman_n and_o how_o the_o accident_n in_o such_o exercise_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v cap._n 8._o the_o manner_n of_o combat_n as_o they_o be_v auncientlie_o try_v in_o england_n cap._n 9_o certain_a combat_n for_o life_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n cap._n 10._o certain_a combat_n for_o triumph_n and_o honour_n perform_v before_o the_o king_n of_o england_n cap._n 11._o the_o ceremony_n appertain_v to_o delivery_n of_o prize_n at_o just_n &_o turniament_n before_o the_o king_n cap._n 12._o the_o five_o book_n of_o what_o quality_n a_o gentleman_n profess_v arm_n ought_v to_o be_v cap._n 1._o of_o knighthood_n cap._n 2._o of_o the_o original_n of_o knighthood_n give_v as_o dignity_n and_o what_o prince_n have_v authority_n to_o make_v knight_n cap._n 3._o the_o ceremony_n at_o the_o make_v knight_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1020._o cap._n 4._o the_o ceremony_n at_o the_o disgrade_n knight_n in_o those_o day_n cap._n 5._o how_o many_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n have_v be_v &_o of_o they_o how_o many_o be_v yet_o extant_a cap._n 6._o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o garter_n cap._n 7._o other_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n in_o england_n cap._n 8._o the_o order_n of_o the_o toson_n and_o original_a thereof_o cap._n 9_o the_o order_n of_o s._n michael_n cap._n 10._o the_o order_n of_o the_o anunciata_n cap._n 11._o knight_n of_o the_o band._n cap._n 12._o knight_n of_o s._n jago_n cap._n 13._o knight_n of_o calatrava_n cap._n 14._o knight_n of_o alcantara_n cap._n 15._o knight_n of_o montesio_n cap._n 16._o knight_n of_o redemption_n cap._n 17._o knight_n of_o s._n john_n in_o jerusalem_n of_o some_o call_v knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o knight_n of_o malta_n cap._n 18._o knight_n teutonici_fw-la cap._n 19_o knight_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n cap._n 20._o knight_n of_o s._n marry_o cap._n 21._o knight_n of_o s._n lazaro_n cap._n 22._o knight_n of_o s._n steven_n cap._n 23._o ceremony_n in_o degradation_n of_o knight_n cap._n 24._o the_o author_n intention_n cap._n 25._o the_o author_n conclusion_n cap._n 26._o finis_fw-la the_o book_n of_o honour_n and_o arm_n what_o a_o combat_n be_v and_o the_o original_n thereof_o cap._n 1._o a_o combat_n be_v a_o single_a fight_n of_o one_o man_n against_o another_o for_o trial_n of_o truth_n either_o else_o of_o diverse_a man_n as_o two_o four_o six_o ten_o or_o more_o equal_o and_o indifferent_o agree_v upon_o to_o fight_v on_o horsbacke_n or_o foot_n without_o advantage_n in_o number_n of_o person_n or_o disequalitie_n of_o weapon_n these_o kind_n of_o fight_n seem_v to_o be_v first_o use_v of_o great_a prince_n who_o desire_v to_o end_v public_a contention_n and_o war_n do_v mutual_o consent_v to_o determine_v the_o same_o by_o their_o own_o private_a virtue_n and_o adventure_n of_o life_n as_o do_v goliath_n and_o david_n the_o horatij_n and_o curiatij_n with_o diverse_a other_o who_o fight_v only_o in_o person_n for_o the_o public_a cause_n thereby_o save_v the_o effusion_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o the_o life_n of_o many_o most_o worthy_a captain_n and_o valiant_a soldier_n and_o albeit_o the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n of_o these_o combat_n be_v public_a respect_n yet_o each_o particular_a gentleman_n or_o other_o person_n profess_v honour_n and_o arm_n ought_v sufficient_o be_v move_v thereunto_o for_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o particular_a reputation_n which_o respect_n and_o happy_o also_o some_o public_a occasion_n move_v the_o combat_n of_o aeneas_n with_o turnus_n of_o menelaus_n with_o alexander_n of_o pulfius_fw-la with_o varenus_n of_o robert_n mountfort_n with_o henry_n earl_n of_o essex_n in_o england_n yea_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v of_o late_a time_n do_v the_o like_a as_o charles_n the_o three_o king_n of_o france_n with_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n alfonso_n king_n of_o spain_n with_o richard_n earl_n of_o of_o cornwall_n and_o king_n alfonso_n with_o king_n ranier_n these_o particular_a fight_n be_v first_o use_v among_o the_o people_n call_v lombarde_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n write_v by_o aliprandus_fw-la one_o of_o the_o king_n that_o govern_v that_o nation_n yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o combat_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o that_o age_n be_v try_v with_o no_o other_o weapon_n but_o only_o certain_a shield_n and_o staff_n of_o wood_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o cause_n of_o infidelity_n neither_o seem_v it_o that_o the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o their_o fight_n be_v respect_n of_o honour_n nor_o that_o the_o vanquish_v shall_v become_v dishonour_v or_o prisoner_n unto_o the_o vanquisher_n as_o since_o have_v be_v use_v of_o the_o order_n of_o challenge_v and_o defend_v cap._n 2._o first_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o all_o injury_n be_v either_o by_o word_n or_o by_o deed_n and_o that_o in_o every_o injury_n by_o word_n the_o injurer_n ought_v be_v the_o challenger_n but_o in_o a_o injury_n by_o deed_n the_o injure_a aught_o to_o challenge_v as_o for_o example_n simon_n say_v to_o austen_n thou_o be_v a_o traitor_n austen_n answer_v thou_o lie_v then_o do_v it_o behoof_n simon_n to_o maintain_v his_o word_n and_o consequent_o to_o challenge_v austen_n to_o the_o combat_n a_o injury_n by_o deed_n be_v thus_o simon_n give_v a_o hurt_n a_o cut_n or_o other_o violence_n unto_o austen_n whereat_o offend_v he_o say_v thou_o have_v do_v i_o offence_n violence_n injury_n or_o such_o like_a speech_n simon_n answer_v thou_o lie_v then_o behove_v it_o that_o austen_n do_v challenge_n simon_n and_o force_v he_o by_o fight_n to_o maintain_v the_o hurt_n he_o offer_v wherefore_o as_o a_o rule_n or_o maxim_n in_o matter_n of_o honour_n it_o be_v special_o to_o be_v note_v that_o whosoever_o be_v true_o and_o lawful_o belie_v must_v of_o force_n become_v challenger_n to_o maintain_v that_o he_o speak_v or_o do_v and_o whereupon_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v he_o and_o although_o some_o man_n rather_o to_o show_v the_o dexterity_n of_o their_o wit_n than_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o mind_n will_v at_o such_o occasion_n use_v many_o superfluous_a word_n whereby_o further_a speech_n of_o offence_n do_v follow_v and_o so_o take_v opportunity_n to_o give_v the_o lie_n unto_o who_o the_o hurt_n by_o hand_n be_v give_v yet_o the_o true_a and_o precise_a reason_n of_o honour_n be_v that_o he_o who_o give_v the_o blow_n &_o hurt_v shall_v without_o further_a dispute_n be_v challenge_v unless_o he_o deny_v the_o do_v thereof_o with_o offer_n of_o satisfaction_n thus_o appear_v brief_o that_o whosoever_o be_v lawful_o belie_v ought_v by_o arm_n to_o challenge_v maintain_v and_o prove_v that_o which_o he_o affirm_v or_o do_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o honour_n or_o person_n of_o the_o injure_a for_o what_o cause_n the_o party_n belie_v aught_o to_o challenge_v and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o lie_n cap._n 3._o for_o so_o much_o as_o in_o ordinary_a trial_n by_o law_n and_o civil_a judgement_n whosoever_o stand_v accuse_v by_o denial_n of_o such_o accusation_n be_v free_a from_o condemn_v until_o further_a proof_n be_v make_v even_o so_o in_o every_o imposition_n by_o speech_n contrary_a to_o
the_o book_n of_o honour_n and_o arm_n at_o london_n print_v by_o richard_n ihones_n dwell_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o rose_n and_o crown_n near_o holborn_n conduit_n 1590._o the_o book_n of_o honour_n and_o arm_n wherein_o be_v discourse_v the_o cause_n of_o quarrel_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o injury_n with_o their_o repulse_n also_o the_o mean_n of_o satisfaction_n and_o pacification_n with_o diverse_a other_o thing_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o gentleman_n and_o other_o profess_v armes_n and_o honor._n fort_n &_o magnanimi_fw-la sunt_fw-la habendi_fw-la non_fw-la qui_fw-la faciunt_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la propulsant_fw-la iniuriam_fw-la to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n christopher_n hatton_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n richard_n ihones_n printer_n wish_v long_o life_n with_o increase_n of_o happiness_n right_o honourable_a the_o manifold_a testimony_n of_o your_o love_n both_o unto_o honour_n and_o arm_n have_v induce_v i_o to_o think_v the_o first_o sight_n of_o this_o small_a book_n do_v of_o right_a belong_v unto_o your_o lordship_n be_v by_o the_o due_a degree_n of_o virtue_n ascend_v to_o that_o place_n which_o among_o other_o in_o this_o realm_n be_v and_o long_o have_v be_v repute_v most_o honourable_a to_o your_o l._n therefore_o i_o humble_o dedicate_v the_o same_o as_o unto_o he_o that_o by_o censure_n of_o our_o sovereign_n with_o the_o applause_n of_o people_n have_v in_o hand_n the_o consideration_n of_o action_n appertein_v to_o equity_n honour_n and_o justice._n the_o property_n of_o which_o virtue_n as_o cicero_n say_v be_v to_o foresee_v that_o no_o violence_n be_v offer_v but_o only_o by_o he_o that_o with_o injury_n be_v thereunto_o provoke_v and_o that_o thing_n common_a shall_v be_v common_o use_v and_o private_a thing_n privatlie_o enjoy_v by_o which_o rule_n appear_v that_o virtue_n allow_v just_a revenge_n and_o admit_v the_o defence_n of_o property_n and_o right_n but_o for_o that_o your_o lordship_n have_v be_v as_o well_o a_o actor_n in_o arm_n as_o a_o knower_n of_o what_o be_v due_a to_o honour_n i_o omit_v to_o say_v more_o either_o of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o beseech_v your_o good_a lordship_n to_o pardon_v my_o boldness_n and_o take_v in_o acceptable_a wise_a the_o intent_n of_o the_o author_n who_o both_o by_o election_n and_o obligation_n acknowledge_v himself_o you_o your_o lordship_n ever_o to_o command_v richard_n ihones_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o quarrel_n be_v injury_n and_o reproach_n but_o the_o matter_n of_o content_n be_v justice_n and_o honor._n for_o love_n whereof_o we_o shun_v no_o care_n of_o mind_n loss_n of_o wealth_n nor_o adventure_v of_o life_n hereof_o proceed_v all_o disputation_n in_o school_n plead_v in_o law_n war_n and_o all_o worldly_a wrangle_n for_o who_o so_o be_v either_o in_o deed_n or_o opinion_n persuade_v to_o have_v truth_n and_o reason_n on_o his_o side_n do_v not_o only_o constant_o believe_v that_o so_o it_o be_v but_o also_o be_v thereof_o deny_v hold_v himself_o injure_v and_o consequent_o burden_a true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o christian_a law_n will_v man_n to_o be_v of_o so_o perfect_a patience_n as_o not_o only_o to_o endure_v injurious_a word_n but_o also_o quiet_o to_o suffer_v every_o force_n and_o violence_n notwithstanding_o forsomuch_o as_o none_o or_o very_o few_o man_n have_v attain_v such_o perfection_n the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o avoid_v further_a inconvenience_n and_o the_o manifestation_n of_o truth_n have_v among_o many_o other_o trial_n permit_v that_o such_o question_n as_o can_v not_o be_v civilie_o prove_v by_o confession_n witness_n or_o other_o circumstance_n shall_v receive_v judgement_n by_o fight_n and_o combat_n suppose_v that_o god_n who_o only_o know_v the_o secret_a thought_n of_o all_o man_n will_v give_v victory_n to_o he_o that_o justly_o adventure_v his_o life_n for_o truth_n honour_n and_o justice_n see_v then_o that_o all_o human_a law_n have_v permit_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n and_o that_o every_o injurious_a action_n not_o repulse_v be_v by_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o martial_a mind_n hold_v a_o thing_n dishonourable_a infamous_a and_o reproachful_a it_o can_v be_v but_o at_o some_o time_n and_o occasion_n such_o question_n and_o quarrel_n shall_v arise_v as_o necessary_o must_v receive_v trial_n by_o the_o sword_n and_o cicero_n say_v that_o he_o who_o repulse_v not_o a_o injury_n be_v able_a offend_v no_o less_o than_o if_o he_o have_v abandon_v his_o friend_n parent_n and_o country_n by_o these_o reason_n appear_v that_o the_o trial_n by_o arm_n be_v not_o only_o natural_a but_o also_o necessary_a and_o allowable_a notwithstanding_o for_o that_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n and_o many_o right_n noble_a also_o be_v ignorant_a what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n require_v trial_n of_o arm_n and_o what_o word_n or_o deed_n be_v of_o such_o quality_n as_o ought_v be_v repulse_v or_o revenge_v i_o have_v at_o the_o earnest_a request_n and_o often_o desire_v of_o very_a honourable_a friend_n by_o way_n of_o abreviation_n reduce_v into_o this_o small_a volume_n all_o cause_n of_o quarrel_n or_o combat_n the_o nature_n of_o injury_n and_o repulse_n the_o equality_n and_o disequalitie_n of_o man_n who_o may_v be_v challenge_v and_o for_o what_o respect_v challenge_n ought_v be_v refuse_v with_o many_o other_o thing_n in_o matter_n of_o honour_n and_o arm_n worthy_a to_o be_v know_v and_o consider_v and_o albeit_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o public_a combat_n be_v in_o this_o age_n either_o rare_o or_o never_o grant_v yet_o for_o that_o as_o be_v before_o say_v no_o providence_n can_v prevent_v the_o question_n and_o quarrel_n that_o daily_a happen_v among_o gentleman_n and_o other_o profess_v armes_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o but_o rather_o behooveful_a that_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v full_o inform_v what_o injury_n be_v and_o how_o to_o repulse_v it_o when_o to_o fight_v when_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v what_o be_v honour_n and_o good_a reputation_n how_o it_o be_v gain_v and_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o same_o be_v keep_v &_o preserve_v which_o be_v the_o respect_n that_o the_o earl_n balthasar_n castilio_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o courtier_n do_v among_o other_o quality_n requireable_a in_o a_o gentleman_n special_o advise_v he_o shall_v be_v skilful_a in_o the_o know_n of_o honour_n and_o cause_n of_o quarrel_n this_o book_n do_v not_o incite_v man_n to_o unaduised_a fight_n or_o needle_n revenge_n as_o some_o simple_a wit_n may_v surmise_v but_o enform_v the_o true_a mean_n how_o to_o shun_v all_o offence_n or_o be_v offend_v show_v the_o order_n of_o revenge_n and_o repulse_n according_a unto_o christian_a knowledge_n and_o due_a respect_n of_o honor._n and_o for_o that_o the_o dignity_n of_o knighthood_n appertain_v chief_o to_o martial_a merit_n i_o have_v think_v fit_a brief_o to_o touch_v the_o original_n thereof_o declare_v how_o many_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o knight_n be_v in_o time_n past_a and_o of_o they_o how_o many_o yet_o extant_a we_o have_v not_o in_o this_o work_n meddle_v with_o armoury_n or_o blaze_v of_o badge_n but_o chief_o touch_v matter_n offensive_a to_o reputation_n and_o honour_n whereof_o combat_n or_o particular_a trial_n of_o arm_n ought_v to_o ensue_v if_o aught_o else_o be_v look_v for_o it_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o learned_a tractant_fw-la fabrilia_fw-la fabri_fw-la finis_fw-la the_o content_n of_o this_o work_n divide_v into_o five_o book_n the_o first_o book_n what_o a_o combat_n be_v and_o the_o original_n thereof_o cap._n 1._o of_o the_o order_n of_o challenge_v and_o defend_v cap._n 2._o for_o what_o cause_n the_o party_n belie_v aught_o to_o challenge_v and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o lie_n cap._n 3._o of_o the_o nature_n and_o diversity_n of_o lie_n cap._n 4._o of_o lie_v certain_a cap._n 5._o of_o lie_v conditional_a cap._n 6._o of_o lie_v general_a cap._n 7._o of_o lie_v special_a cap._n 8._o of_o vain_a lie_n cap._n 9_o whether_o a_o man_n injure_v in_o presence_n of_o a_o prince_n it_o suffice_v of_o answer_n in_o presence_n of_o private_a gentleman_n cap._n 10._o of_o the_o return_n of_o lie_n cap._n 11._o how_o upon_o every_o lie_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o necessary_a cap._n 12._o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cartel_n or_o letter_n of_o defiance_n cap._n 13._o the_o second_o book_n of_o injury_n and_o burden_n cap._n 1._o how_o shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a it_o be_v to_o offer_v injury_n with_o advantage_n and_o cowardly_a cap._n 2._o that_o every_o lie_v give_v ought_v not_o occasion_v combat_n cap._n 3._o for_o what_o cause_v the_o combat_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v cap._n 4._o how_o between_o padrine_n no_o fight_n or_o quarrel_n ought_v be_v cap._n 5._o of_o arm_n both_o offensive_a and_o defencive_a cap._n 6._o of_o the_o election_n
thou_o lie_v this_o manner_n of_o lie_n not_o be_v give_v upon_o any_o matter_n certain_a or_o word_n special_o repeat_v be_v to_o none_o effect_v and_o therefore_o if_o he_o who_o give_v such_o a_o lie_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o just_a quarrel_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o set_v down_o in_o writing_n the_o very_a word_n whereupon_o he_o give_v the_o lie_n for_o beside_o that_o such_o lie_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o adverse_a party_n they_o be_v also_o perilous_a and_o apt_a to_o be_v return_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o forsomuch_o as_o a_o lie_v general_a be_v of_o small_a effect_n &_o therewith_o fit_a to_o be_v wrest_v against_o the_o giver_n thereof_o it_o ought_v of_o all_o gentleman_n to_o be_v utterlie_o refrain_v of_o lie_v special_a cap._n 8._o lie_v special_a be_v those_o which_o be_v give_v unto_o special_a person_n and_o upon_o express_v and_o particular_a matter_n as_o for_o example_n gregory_n thou_o have_v say_v that_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n at_o graveling_z i_o abandon_v my_o ensign_n and_o charge_n for_o which_o saying_n thou_o have_v lie_v this_o be_v that_o lie_v which_o as_o be_v before_o say_v i_o call_v a_o lie_v certain_a &_o lawful_a yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v intend_v that_o he_o who_o give_v this_o lie_n either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n oughts_z first_o to_o be_v inform_v full_o and_o have_v sufficient_a proof_n and_o witness_n of_o that_o he_o say_v so_o as_o the_o same_o can_v be_v deny_v for_o want_v due_a prove_n he_o to_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v may_v answer_v that_o i_o lie_v in_o charge_v he_o with_o such_o word_n as_o he_o never_o utter_v and_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v behoove_v i_o to_o prove_v the_o reproach_n wherewith_o i_o have_v charge_v he_o but_o if_o he_o can_v deny_v that_o wherewith_o he_o be_v charge_v then_o must_v he_o either_o maintain_v his_o speech_n or_o confess_v the_o fault_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o such_o quarrel_n wherein_o manifest_a falsehood_n and_o untruth_n appear_v no_o prince_n ought_v to_o permit_v any_o combat_n neither_o ought_v gentleman_n be_v ashamed_a in_o such_o case_n to_o refuse_v the_o fight_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n more_o honourable_a for_o respect_n of_o reason_n to_o refuse_v combat_n than_o perform_v the_o same_o without_o cause_n or_o obligation_n see_v then_o that_o this_o sort_n of_o lie_n whereof_o we_o present_o entreat_v be_v only_o true_a and_o lawful_a therefore_o it_o behove_v gentleman_n and_o all_o other_o profess_v honour_n and_o arm_n therewith_o to_o give_v repulse_n unto_o such_o injury_n as_o be_v offer_v and_o desire_v to_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o offence_n either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n they_o must_v so_o plain_o and_o sincere_o set_v down_o the_o intent_n thereof_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o affirmation_n can_v be_v either_o deny_v or_o wrest_v to_o other_o sense_n than_o it_o be_v utter_v or_o write_v whereby_o afterward_o no_o doubt_n shall_v arise_v who_o ought_v to_o challenge_v and_o who_o to_o defend_v of_o vain_a lie_n cap._n 9_o the_o simple_a &_o ignorant_a sort_n of_o man_n persuade_v themselves_o that_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v do_v thereby_o lose_v the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n therefore_o ignorantlie_o and_o foolish_o they_o give_v the_o lie_n before_o they_o either_o know_v or_o ask_v the_o question_n wherefore_o they_o so_o do_v as_o thus_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o say_v i_o be_o a_o honest_a man_n thou_o lie_v in_o thy_o throat_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o speech_n do_v plain_o appear_v for_o see_v the_o lie_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o answer_n in_o this_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v change_v &_o the_o answer_n utter_v before_o the_o question_n ask_v another_o sort_n of_o ignorant_a quarreller_n be_v that_o will_v say_v thus_o if_o any_o man_n have_v say_v evil_a of_o i_o he_o have_v lie_v and_o if_o he_o will_v deny_v to_o have_v so_o say_v he_o also_o lie_v this_o silly_a sort_n of_o quarrel_v may_v likewise_o be_v call_v a_o lie_n foolish_a and_o vain_a for_o he_o who_o shall_v use_v such_o word_n do_v thereby_o take_v upon_o he_o both_o to_o propound_v and_o to_o answer_v and_o consequent_o perform_v the_o office_n aswell_o of_o defender_n as_o challenger_n another_o sort_n of_o these_o vain_a lie_n be_v thus_o offer_v simon_n meet_v with_o lewes_n say_v draw_v thy_o weapon_n and_o i_o will_v present_o prove_v thou_o a_o liar_n and_o a_o varlet_n or_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o draw_v than_o be_v thou_o a_o varlet_n also_o this_o manner_n of_o lie_n be_v without_o foundation_n cause_n or_o reason_n &_o therefore_o meet_v to_o be_v laugh_v at_o other_o there_o be_v who_o be_v charge_v to_o commit_v dishonest_a action_n do_v for_o the_o present_a time_n depart_v without_o make_v either_o denial_n or_o answer_n but_o after_o have_v assemble_v a_o number_n of_o friend_n weapon_v with_o advantage_n say_v to_o he_o that_o charge_v he_o thou_o lie_v which_o manner_n of_o do_v be_v also_o cowardly_a and_o foolish_a for_o as_o every_o accusation_n or_o imputation_n ought_v be_v do_v without_o advantage_n even_o so_o every_o answer_n without_o advantage_n ought_v be_v utter_v also_o every_o injury_n offer_v in_o presence_n shall_v likewise_o in_o presence_n be_v answer_v and_o if_o in_o absence_n any_o such_o wrong_n be_v do_v in_o absence_n a_o answer_n may_v be_v make_v final_o unto_o matter_n of_o injury_n in_o writing_n the_o answer_n ought_v be_v frame_v in_o writing_n yet_o be_v it_o reason_n that_o if_o a_o man_n arm_v or_o accompany_v do_v offer_v evil_a speech_n or_o violence_n to_o he_o that_o be_v unarm_v and_o alone_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o make_v answer_n at_o time_n more_o convenient_a but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o any_o man_n find_v and_o know_v i_o better_o arm_v accompanied_z or_o prepare_v than_o himself_o will_v nevertheless_o offer_v i_o injury_n in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n to_o repulse_v the_o injury_n and_o be_v revenge_v notwithstanding_o my_o advantage_n because_o it_o be_v his_o folly_n to_o offer_v offence_n see_v my_o strength_n but_o gentleman_n shall_v ever_o so_o do_v as_o the_o lie_n may_v be_v no_o less_o or_o more_o honourable_o give_v than_o the_o injury_n be_v offer_v one_o other_o advantage_n in_o offer_v injury_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v offer_v the_o same_o in_o place_n of_o privilege_n or_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a that_o no_o lie_n or_o other_o repulse_n shall_v be_v nevertheless_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o if_o it_o please_v the_o prince_n to_o know_v that_o i_o be_o in_o his_o presence_n or_o court_n injury_v that_o it_o may_v also_o please_v he_o that_o i_o may_v descend_v myself_o yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o such_o place_n it_o become_v the_o injure_a to_o temper_v his_o answer_n and_o use_v word_n of_o reverence_n and_o the_o rather_o if_o he_o who_o offer_v the_o injury_n be_v a_o person_n of_o more_o respect_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o prince_n before_o who_o the_o injury_n be_v offer_v howsoever_o it_o be_v i_o take_v not_o upon_o i_o to_o inform_v what_o ought_v in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v do_v but_o tell_v my_o opinion_n as_o that_o which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v honourable_a whereunto_o i_o add_v that_o wise_a prince_n will_v more_o patient_o endure_v the_o repulse_n than_o the_o offer_n of_o injury_n in_o their_o presence_n whether_o to_o a_o man_n injure_a in_o presence_n of_o a_o prince_n it_o suffice_v to_o answer_v in_o presence_n of_o private_a gentleman_n cap._n 10._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o injury_n offer_v in_o the_o prince_n presence_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o know_v how_o such_o offence_n be_v to_o be_v repulse_v or_o revenge_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v repulse_n before_o the_o prince_n so_o be_v it_o also_o fit_a to_o use_v respect_n before_o person_n of_o so_o high_a estate_n &_o calling_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v allege_v but_o for_o the_o more_o btiefe_a decide_n of_o this_o question_n i_o will_v only_o produce_v the_o censure_n of_o don_n francisco_n maria_n duke_n of_o urbin_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o prince_n either_o through_o their_o attention_n to_o other_o weighty_a affair_n or_o their_o seldom_o experience_n in_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v no_o less_o or_o more_o ignorant_a than_o other_o gentleman_n of_o mean_a reputation_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o to_o a_o injury_n offer_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o prince_n it_o suffice_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o private_a gentleman_n as_o person_n unto_o who_o the_o
for_o what_o cause_n these_o man_n be_v so_o call_v i_o know_v not_o but_o some_o have_v think_v the_o name_n of_o padrine_n come_v of_o the_o latin_a word_n pater_fw-la which_o signify_v father_n or_o of_o patrini_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o person_n unto_o who_o charge_n or_o tuition_n another_o be_v commend_v howsoever_o it_o be_v these_o padrine_n in_o the_o time_n of_o combat_n perform_v the_o same_o office_n which_o advocate_n and_o pleader_n use_v in_o disputation_n of_o civil_a cause_n and_o as_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o pay_v any_o part_n of_o that_o wherein_o the_o client_n be_v condemn_v even_o so_o no_o reason_n bind_v that_o the_o padrine_n shall_v fight_v or_o be_v call_v to_o perform_v more_o than_o the_o due_a of_o his_o office_n since_o the_o injury_n the_o lie_v the_o cartel_n and_o defiance_n be_v pass_v between_o the_o principal_n and_o the_o padrin_n ought_v do_v none_o otherwise_o than_o as_o advocate_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o office_n of_o padrin_n because_o it_o be_v oft_o see_v both_o in_o public_a combat_n and_o private_a also_o that_o some_o gentleman_n be_v choose_v to_o behold_v the_o fight_n and_o see_v it_o be_v equal_o perform_v have_v not_o only_o be_v the_o cause_n to_o kindle_v new_a quarrel_n but_o also_o enter_v thereinto_o themselves_o contrary_a to_o honour_n and_o reason_n of_o arm_n both_o offensive_a and_o defensive_a cap._n 6._o it_o have_v be_v before_o say_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o lombardie_n every_o combat_n unless_o upon_o quarrel_n of_o infidelity_n shall_v be_v try_v with_o shield_n and_o staff_n and_o with_o no_o other_o weapon_n but_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o combat_n be_v only_o for_o trial_n of_o truth_n without_o respect_n of_o honour_n howsoever_o it_o be_v beside_o that_o custom_n must_v be_v receive_v for_o law_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o either_o in_o public_a or_o private_a fight_n such_o weapon_n ought_v be_v use_v as_o be_v common_o wear_v of_o gentleman_n and_o other_o profess_v armes_n and_o touch_v arm_n defensive_a it_o have_v be_v also_o the_o use_n that_o as_o they_o be_v think_v allowable_a in_o war_n and_o all_o general_a fight_n so_o in_o particular_a trial_n of_o arm_n they_o ought_v not_o be_v reject_v because_o fortitude_n accompany_v with_o prudence_n be_v much_o the_o more_o commendable_a see_v he_o that_o unwiselie_o or_o inconsideratlie_o adventure_v himself_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v valiant_a but_o furious_a neither_o be_v he_o account_v valiant_a that_o without_o council_n or_o cause_n delight_v in_o danger_n but_o he_o that_o never_o do_v shun_v any_o generous_a action_n tend_v to_o public_a benefit_n or_o his_o own_o private_a reputation_n and_o aristotle_n say_v that_o a_o valiant_a man_n do_v neither_o fear_n all_o thing_n nor_o dare_v do_v all_o thing_n for_o these_o respect_v it_o have_v ever_o be_v think_v fit_a that_o in_o particular_a combat_n the_o fighter_n shall_v be_v allow_v arm_n defensive_a &_o not_o perform_v the_o same_o naked_a and_o utterlie_o disarm_v with_o sword_n and_o dagger_n only_o as_o be_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n now_o use_v and_o since_o the_o peril_n of_o life_n be_v no_o less_o in_o particular_a than_o in_o public_a fight_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o defensive_a arm_n shall_v be_v allow_v yet_o so_o as_o both_o the_o challenger_n and_o defender_n be_v equal_o arm_v &_o weapon_v which_o in_o truth_n ought_v be_v at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o defendant_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v discourse_v but_o because_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n be_v and_o happy_o also_o law_n forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v arm_v save_o only_o in_o the_o war_n i_o think_v no_o gentleman_n ought_v refuse_v to_o fight_v disarm_v and_o here_o will_v i_o not_o omit_v to_o remember_v a_o abuse_n which_o hardly_o be_v discontinue_v i_o mean_v that_o some_o english_a gentleman_n be_v so_o obstinate_o addict_v to_o custom_n as_o notwithstanding_o they_o do_v themselves_o enter_v quarrel_n and_o be_v challenger_n yet_o will_v they_o use_v that_o sort_n of_o weapon_n only_o which_o please_v themselves_o a_o opinion_n contrary_a unto_o reason_n and_o the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o people_n as_o though_o ancient_a use_n make_v that_o weapon_n only_o allowable_a which_o reason_n will_v also_o prove_v vice_n as_o good_a as_o virtue_n because_o it_o be_v no_o less_o ancient_a of_o the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n cap._n 7._o for_o good_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n many_o advantage_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o that_o be_v challenge_v because_o he_o be_v accuse_v and_o constrain_v to_o fight_v just_a and_o true_a reason_n will_v that_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o honest_a favour_n it_o have_v be_v therefore_o well_o determine_v that_o whosoever_o be_v defender_n do_v sufficient_o acquit_v himself_o and_o ought_v be_v repute_v victorious_a if_o he_o be_v not_o victor_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o that_o challenge_v must_v not_o only_o escape_v to_o be_v vanquish_v but_o also_o vanquish_v his_o enemy_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v repute_v as_o victor_v and_o lose_v the_o quarrel_n which_o be_v very_o reasonable_a because_o his_o office_n be_v to_o prove_v but_o the_o defender_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o more_o than_o to_o defend_v another_o favour_n also_o appertain_v to_o the_o defender_n which_o be_v the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n which_o be_v also_o reasonable_o do_v because_o if_o another_o man_n will_v voluntary_o call_v i_o to_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o choice_n of_o the_o weapon_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v i_o yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o no_o defender_n ought_v to_o make_v election_n of_o other_o arm_n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a than_o such_o as_o be_v lawful_a and_o wear_v ordinary_o by_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n therewith_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o question_n whereupon_o the_o combat_n or_o fight_n grow_v may_v be_v decide_v by_o civil_a trial_n that_o then_o no_o trial_n of_o arm_n ought_v be_v enterprise_v much_o more_o also_o may_v be_v add_v touch_v the_o equality_n or_o disequalitie_n of_o the_o person_n that_o enter_v into_o fight_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o arm_n aswell_o defensive_a as_o offensive_a but_o because_o public_a combat_n be_v now_o almost_o general_o forbid_v and_o in_o this_o land_n most_o rare_o use_v i_o speak_v only_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v know_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o private_a combat_n and_o fight_v between_o particular_a gentleman_n how_o many_o way_n victory_n be_v gain_v cap._n 8._o at_o such_o time_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v use_v within_o a_o list_n or_o place_n special_o appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o judge_n indifferent_o choose_v by_o the_o fighter_n to_o see_v and_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o be_v victorious_a and_o who_o be_v victor_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o discontinuance_n of_o those_o ceremony_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o fight_n by_o warrant_n of_o prince_n letter_n patent_n yet_o do_v i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o brief_o to_o set_v down_o in_o what_o case_n man_n be_v repute_v victorious_a 1_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v know_v that_o if_o the_o challenger_n do_v not_o vanquish_v the_o defender_n in_o the_o day_n of_o fight_n before_o the_o sun_n set_v he_o be_v himself_o to_o be_v judge_v vanquish_v and_o can_v afterward_o challenge_v any_o other_o gentleman_n to_o the_o combat_n this_o sort_n of_o victory_n and_o this_o privilege_n be_v only_o due_a unto_o the_o defender_n all_o other_o trial_n be_v common_a and_o indifferent_a to_o both_o the_o fighter_n 2_o the_o next_o kind_n of_o victory_n be_v when_o any_o of_o the_o fighter_n do_v yield_v unto_o his_o enemy_n either_o by_o confess_v himself_o not_o able_a to_o defend_v to_o yield_v himself_o prisoner_n or_o by_o utter_v any_o other_o speech_n tend_v to_o submission_n 3_o the_o three_o be_v when_o any_o of_o they_o do_v express_o deny_v or_o unsay_v that_o he_o affirm_v &_o the_o word_n whereon_o the_o quarrel_n grow_v renounce_v the_o quarrel_n 4_o four_o he_o who_o run_v away_o and_o abandon_v the_o list_n or_o field_n where_o the_o fight_n be_v perform_v aught_o to_o lose_v the_o victory_n and_o be_v adjudge_v as_o vanquish_v and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o base_a and_o dishonourable_a sort_n of_o vanquishment_n 5_o he_o be_v also_o to_o be_v without_o victory_n and_o vanquish_v that_o be_v slay_v within_o the_o list_n or_o field_n yet_o be_v this_o sort_n of_o vanquish_a lest_o dishonourable_a and_o infamous_a although_o by_o ancient_a custom_n to_o such_o man_n as_o be_v slay_v in_o public_a combat_n no_o burial_n be_v grant_v among_o christian_a body_n what_o be_v ancientlie_o due_a unto_o such_o as_o be_v victorious_a in_o public_a combat_n cap._n 9_o albeit_o i_o
be_v remember_v that_o the_o dishonour_n and_o burden_n of_o such_o act_n do_v apperteine_a unto_o the_o injurer_n and_o the_o injury_n only_o rest_v upon_o the_o injure_a without_o burden_n unless_o he_o show_v apparent_a sign_n of_o cowardice_n whereupon_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o no_o injury_n with_o advantage_n do_v occasion_n any_o necessary_a quarrel_n since_o no_o man_n be_v necessary_o bind_v to_o challenge_v but_o only_o he_o that_o stand_v charge_v and_o burden_a for_o if_o a_o injury_n with_o advantage_n do_v burden_n the_o reputation_n of_o the_o injure_a then_o be_v it_o easy_a for_o every_o coward_n to_o burden_n the_o most_o valiant_a man_n alive_a because_o such_o injury_n be_v most_o safe_o offer_v it_o seem_v therefore_o good_a in_o this_o case_n to_o disstinguish_v the_o nature_n of_o advantageous_a injury_n which_o may_v be_v in_o this_o manner_n either_o the_o injury_n with_o advantage_n be_v offer_v in_o presence_n of_o other_o man_n that_o can_v bear_v witness_n thereof_o or_o else_o it_o be_v offer_v out_o of_o presence_n of_o other_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o testimony_n of_o witness_n will_v make_v the_o fact_n punishable_a by_o law_n and_o civil_a trial_n which_o be_v the_o true_a revenge_n for_o as_o have_v be_v oft_o say_v the_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o allow_v but_o in_o such_o case_n as_o the_o civil_a prove_n can_v appear_v if_o the_o injury_n be_v offer_v where_o no_o man_n can_v witness_v the_o manner_n thereof_o then_o rest_v it_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o injure_a either_o to_o be_v revenge_v by_o challenge_n which_o be_v the_o more_o honourable_a or_o with_o the_o like_a advantage_n at_o such_o time_n as_o prince_n be_v please_v to_o grant_v licence_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o reputation_n in_o public_a combat_n whosoever_o be_v know_v to_o have_v offer_v this_o sort_n of_o injury_n with_o all_o other_o his_o aider_n and_o abettor_n be_v publish_v and_o proclaim_v as_o person_n infamous_a what_o have_v be_v say_v of_o these_o injury_n in_o deed_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v understand_v where_o they_o be_v offer_v in_o word_n note_v also_o that_o a_o injury_n receive_v without_o advantage_n either_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n may_v not_o be_v discharge_v with_o a_o injury_n of_o word_n or_o deed_n do_v with_o advantage_n as_o thus_o a_o blow_n give_v by_o hand_n without_o advantage_n be_v not_o true_o discharge_v with_o ten_o blow_n of_o the_o hand_n or_o cudgel_v with_o advantage_n for_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o a_o dishonest_a fact_n do_v with_o advantage_n shall_v reverse_v a_o honest_a fact_n do_v in_o good_a sort_n and_o manful_o the_o cause_n why_o injury_n with_o advantage_n do_v not_o burden_n the_o injure_a be_v because_o no_o law_n in_o the_o world_n command_v thing_n impossible_a of_o injury_n evil_a offer_v cap._n 6._o one_o other_o sort_n of_o injury_n there_o be_v not_o far_o unlike_a unto_o the_o former_a yet_o somewhat_o diverse_a from_o it_o which_o for_o the_o present_a we_o will_v call_v injury_n in_o evil_a sort_n offer_v as_o thus_o if_o one_o man_n do_v strike_v another_o sudden_o behind_o his_o back_n that_o injury_n be_v not_o do_v with_o any_o advantage_n of_o company_n or_o weapon_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v a_o advantageous_a injury_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o manful_a or_o honest_a but_o vile_a and_o cowardly_a and_o the_o more_o if_o the_o injurer_n have_v give_v the_o blow_n do_v run_v away_o if_o a_o man_n do_v cast_v a_o dagger_n sword_n or_o other_o thing_n of_o offence_n and_o therewith_o hurt_v that_o may_v be_v also_o repute_v a_o injury_n in_o evil_a sort_n if_o a_o man_n bear_v displeasure_n towards_o another_o will_v cause_v his_o friend_n or_o servant_n to_o strike_v he_o that_o may_v be_v also_o repute_v a_o injury_n evil_o offer_v also_o if_o i_o in_o word_n shall_v speak_v iniuriouslie_o or_o slanderous_o of_o another_o man_n in_o his_o absence_n or_o cause_v other_o so_o to_o do_v that_o may_v be_v also_o account_v a_o injury_n evil_o offer_v and_o out_o of_o time_n of_o satisfaction_n cap._n 7._o many_o man_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o injury_n commit_v by_o deed_n can_v by_o word_n be_v satisfy_v but_o this_o matter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v simple_o by_o compare_v word_n unto_o deed_n but_o by_o the_o weight_n and_o greatness_n of_o the_o dishonour_n that_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o word_n &_o also_o of_o the_o shame_n which_o i_o offer_v unto_o myself_o and_o be_v offer_v by_o other_o for_o whether_o do_v we_o think_v a_o gentleman_n less_o commendable_a that_o traitorous_o hurt_v another_o or_o he_o that_o by_o such_o mean_n receive_v the_o harm_n which_o may_v be_v also_o say_v of_o he_o that_o offend_v with_o advantage_n or_o that_o give_v a_o hurt_n in_o evil_a sort_n in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o answer_v this_o question_n because_o in_o ordinary_a reason_n the_o offender_n ought_v to_o be_v blame_v &_o not_o he_o that_o be_v offend_v as_o have_v be_v heretofore_o discourse_v notwithstanding_o if_o i_o have_v do_v such_o a_o act_n do_v confess_v the_o injurious_a manner_n thereof_o and_o say_v that_o without_o cause_n the_o same_o be_v by_o i_o commit_v and_o consequent_o desire_v pardon_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o injury_n shall_v rest_v satisfy_v for_o i_o know_v no_o offence_n so_o great_a as_o be_v unpardonable_a upon_o such_o submission_n and_o the_o more_o for_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o generous_a mind_n be_v incline_v to_o compassion_n and_o forgiveness_n yet_o contrary_a to_o my_o conceit_n some_o other_o do_v hold_v that_o if_o i_o have_v do_v any_o injurious_a deed_n no_o satisfaction_n suffice_v unless_o i_o free_o yield_v myself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o he_o who_o be_v injure_v and_o stand_v at_o his_o mercy_n which_o seem_v unto_o i_o a_o course_n very_o doubtful_a and_o unlike_a to_o receive_v good_a for_o if_o the_o injure_a with_o his_o own_o hand_n shall_v do_v any_o thing_n to_o his_o satisfaction_n in_o so_o do_v he_o show_v no_o courtesy_n and_o consequent_o double_v the_o anger_n and_o quarrel_n or_o if_o without_o other_o demonstration_n forgiveness_n be_v take_v as_o a_o satisfaction_n then_o will_v the_o matter_n rest_v suspicious_a as_o a_o thing_n agree_v on_o before_o and_o prejudicial_a unto_o the_o reputation_n of_o he_o that_o be_v injure_v but_o true_a it_o be_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v unaduisedlie_o or_o rash_o offend_v i_o &_o present_o know_v his_o error_n fall_v down_o at_o my_o foot_n deliver_v i_o his_o weapon_n and_o pray_v pardon_n in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o i_o ought_v rest_v satisfy_v and_o he_o free_v from_o suspicion_n but_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o at_o the_o first_o thus_o handle_v and_o the_o blood_n cool_v then_o seem_v it_o hard_o how_o to_o compass_v a_o peace_n by_o way_n of_o remission_n now_o to_o confirm_v that_o be_v before_o say_v that_o word_n be_v of_o effect_n sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v a_o injury_n by_o deed_n i_o say_v if_o a_o man_n great_o harm_v by_o another_o do_v write_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o hurt_n receive_v of_o he_o to_o be_v iniuriouslie_o and_o ungentlemanlie_a do_v and_o the_o injurer_n will_v answer_v and_o confess_v he_o have_v indeed_o do_v evil_a and_o a_o act_n not_o justifiable_a sure_o no_o reason_n will_v that_o afterward_o any_o quarrel_n or_o obligation_n of_o honour_n shall_v remain_v the_o like_a satisfaction_n ought_v be_v receive_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o injurer_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o injury_n by_o deed_n may_v with_o word_n be_v recompense_v what_o satisfaction_n be_v to_o be_v give_v for_o a_o injury_n by_o deed_n cap._n 8._o because_o the_o ground_n &_o substance_n of_o this_o matter_n consist_v in_o know_v the_o truth_n he_o that_o have_v do_v wrong_a aught_o in_o reason_n to_o confess_v it_o and_o he_o that_o have_v right_a shall_v maintain_v it_o therefore_o when_o any_o man_n justly_o offend_v have_v take_v a_o revenge_n convenient_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n betwixt_o these_o party_n the_o matter_n must_v be_v thus_o handle_v he_o that_o have_v make_v the_o revenge_n shall_v say_v very_o sorry_a i_o be_o to_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o use_v any_o act_n of_o revenge_n and_o without_o that_o occasion_n if_o i_o have_v do_v thus_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v do_v well_o &_o as_o a_o gentleman_n ought_v to_o do_v or_o other_o word_n to_o like_a effect_n after_o which_o word_n pronounce_v the_o other_o party_n know_v in_o conscience_n that_o he_o give_v the_o occasion_n confess_v his_o fault_n ought_v to_o rest_n satisfy_v &_o so_o will_v unless_o he_o be_v
a_o body_n void_a of_o reason_n likewise_o if_o two_o gentleman_n upon_o some_o unkind_a word_n do_v draw_v and_o the_o one_o hurt_v the_o other_o to_o make_v they_o friend_n the_o way_n be_v thus_o he_o that_o give_v the_o hurt_n or_o wound_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o gentleman_n wound_v behave_v himself_o as_o a_o valiant_a man_n ought_v and_o although_o he_o receive_v the_o hurt_n yet_o his_o virtue_n do_v sufficient_o appear_v upon_o these_o or_o like_a speech_n a_o peace_n may_v reasonable_o ensue_v with_o reputation_n to_o both_o for_o the_o one_o by_o give_v the_o hurt_n have_v gain_v honour_n and_o the_o other_o receive_v praise_n of_o his_o enemy_n be_v acquit_v of_o evil_a imputation_n whereby_o all_o man_n shall_v know_v that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v try_v himself_o a_o manly_a and_o valiant_a gentleman_n if_o one_o man_n do_v strike_v or_o offer_v violence_n unto_o the_o other_o &_o present_o run_v away_o or_o if_o the_o party_n offend_v by_o any_o other_o mean_v can_v be_v present_o revenge_v yet_o in_o that_o case_n if_o he_o lay_v hand_n on_o his_o weapon_n and_o endeavour_n to_o make_v revenge_n he_o shall_v be_v repute_v valiant_a and_o the_o other_o a_o coward_n but_o to_o make_v peace_n between_o they_o the_o only_a way_n be_v that_o he_o who_o offer_v the_o violence_n shall_v in_o plain_a term_n confess_v the_o manner_n how_o it_o be_v do_v and_o pray_v pardon_n and_o although_o it_o may_v seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o courage_n of_o man_n not_o to_o maintain_v that_o be_v begin_v yet_o when_o he_o consider_v in_o his_o own_o conscience_n that_o the_o act_n be_v injurious_a and_o dastardlie_a it_o shall_v be_v better_a christianlie_a to_o repent_v than_o wilful_o to_o persist_v against_o all_o truth_n and_o reason_n if_o one_o man_n do_v chance_n to_o hurt_v another_o unwares_o or_o unknow_a he_o as_o sometime_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o night_n or_o dark_a place_n the_o amends_n must_v be_v to_o say_v i_o know_v you_o not_o for_o know_v i_o will_v not_o have_v so_o do_v nor_o may_v so_o do_v without_o offer_v wrong_a and_o discourtesy_n and_o therefore_o pray_v you_o hold_v i_o excuse_v sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o one_o challenge_v a_o other_o to_o have_v strike_v he_o and_o the_o other_o do_v deny_v that_o so_o he_o do_v in_o that_o case_n the_o satisfaction_n must_v be_v thus_o the_o party_n charge_v to_o have_v strike_v shall_v say_v if_o so_o the_o truth_n be_v indeed_o i_o do_v not_o strike_v you_o &_o if_o i_o have_v have_v no_o such_o cause_n i_o may_v justly_o be_v accuse_v of_o injury_n after_o this_o sort_n many_o other_o question_n may_v be_v order_v use_v such_o word_n and_o reason_n as_o to_o discreet_a gentleman_n shall_v be_v think_v convenient_a and_o here_o i_o will_v remember_v all_o gentleman_n make_v profession_n of_o honour_n and_o truth_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a maintain_v any_o unjust_a word_n or_o wrongful_a action_n but_o be_v by_o choler_n or_o other_o occasion_n enter_v into_o injury_n they_o ought_v rather_o reform_v their_o error_n than_o obstinate_o continue_v to_o the_o offence_n of_o their_o own_o conscience_n and_o knowledge_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v dishonourable_a to_o confess_v that_o which_o be_v true_a nor_o be_v sorry_a for_o misdoo_v other_o mean_n of_o pacification_n and_o composition_n cap._n 9_o the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v that_o aswell_o the_o injurer_n as_o the_o injure_a shall_v be_v draw_v into_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o honourable_a personage_n and_o before_o any_o act_n of_o submission_n or_o repetition_n of_o word_n before_o pass_v to_o agree_v and_o refer_v the_o order_n and_o end_n of_o all_o question_n unto_o one_o man_n indifferent_o choose_v by_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n that_o be_v do_v the_o man_n unto_o who_o this_o office_n be_v commit_v shall_v particular_o and_o a_o part_n entreat_v with_o the_o injurer_n to_o affirm_v what_o he_o will_v say_v on_o his_o behalf_n then_o call_v the_o injure_a shall_v say_v and_o assure_v he_o that_o the_o injurer_n have_v make_v a_o good_a &_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n in_o every_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o honour_n or_o reputation_n of_o the_o injure_a and_o therefore_o require_v aswell_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o to_o stand_v satisfy_v and_o repute_v themselves_o in_o such_o estate_n and_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v before_o the_o quarrel_n be_v commence_v this_o order_n have_v be_v oftentimes_o use_v and_o satisfaction_n so_o make_v think_v effectual_a for_o sometime_o it_o proove_v a_o thing_n very_o difficult_a to_o bring_v the_o adversary_n together_o face_n to_o face_n before_o a_o judge_n or_o other_o person_n of_o authority_n sometime_o also_o be_v meet_v they_o fall_v into_o new_a quarrel_n upon_o new_a occasion_n either_o else_o before_o they_o come_v a_o doubt_n will_v arise_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v accompany_v and_o whether_o they_o shall_v come_v arm_v or_o without_o weapon_n another_o while_n there_o grow_v difficulty_n upon_o the_o word_n of_o satisfaction_n it_o have_v be_v also_o see_v that_o in_o such_o conference_n there_o have_v pass_v some_o blow_n of_o the_o hand_n weapon_n foot_n or_o other_o violence_n whereby_o the_o enmity_n be_v rather_o increase_v than_o appease_v in_o which_o respect_n this_o order_n be_v many_o time_n use_v another_o way_n be_v this_o that_o some_o person_n of_o great_a authority_n shall_v call_v the_o party_n afore_o he_o and_o take_v a_o truce_n until_o he_o shall_v at_o more_o leisure_n consider_v of_o the_o quarrel_n enjoin_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n not_o to_o speak_v or_o do_v any_o thing_n either_o against_o other_o which_o order_n be_v covertlie_o a_o truce_n perpetual_a another_o way_n be_v that_o a_o prince_n or_o personage_n of_o authority_n shall_v persuade_v with_o the_o party_n to_o put_v the_o quarrel_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o consent_n to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o that_o he_o shall_v upon_o his_o honour_n determine_v diverse_a other_o indirect_a mean_n have_v be_v devise_v for_o the_o compound_v and_o appease_v of_o injury_n which_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o wise_a &_o valiant_a gentleman_n of_o satisfaction_n to_o be_v give_v upon_o word_n cap._n 10._o it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v that_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o satisfaction_n be_v truth_n which_o can_v be_v deny_v wherefore_o whensoever_o one_o man_n have_v utter_v any_o untrue_a imputation_n of_o another_o he_o may_v without_o discredit_n confess_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v otherwise_o than_o he_o speak_v say_v in_o his_o own_o excuse_n unless_o the_o truth_n be_v contrary_a that_o which_o i_o say_v i_o think_v then_o to_o be_v true_a or_o thus_o that_o i_o say_v be_v tell_v i_o of_o other_o or_o thus_o what_o i_o say_v be_v in_o my_o choler_n these_o speech_n tend_v to_o show_v the_o truth_n to_o be_v otherwise_o than_o be_v say_v the_o party_n offend_v be_v disburden_v if_o a_o man_n have_v give_v the_o lie_n to_o another_o and_o after_o do_v know_v the_o word_n whereupon_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v to_o be_v true_a he_o may_v in_o that_o case_n without_o reproach_n revoke_v the_o lie_n and_o thereby_o make_v satisfaction_n and_o if_o happy_o he_o make_v difficulty_n to_o use_v such_o a_o revocation_n direct_o then_o may_v he_o say_v i_o confess_v the_o word_n to_o be_v true_a whereof_o our_o quarrel_n grow_v either_o else_o he_o may_v repeat_v the_o word_n and_o therewithal_o allow_v they_o another_o way_n to_o procure_v satisfaction_n be_v that_o he_o who_o give_v the_o lie_n shall_v say_v or_o write_v unto_o the_o party_n belie_v to_o this_o effect_n i_o pray_v you_o advertise_v i_o by_o this_o bearer_n with_o what_o intent_n you_o speak_v those_o word_n of_o injury_n whereupon_o i_o give_v you_o the_o lie_n the_o other_o will_v answer_v i_o speak_v they_o in_o choler_n or_o with_o no_o meaning_n to_o offend_v you_o thereunto_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o he_o that_o give_v the_o lie_n thus_o if_o your_o word_n be_v say_v only_o in_o anger_n and_o no_o intent_n to_o challenge_v i_o then_o do_v i_o assure_v you_o that_o my_o lie_n give_v shall_v not_o burden_n you_o for_o i_o acknowledge_v you_o to_o be_v a_o true_a speaker_n and_o a_o gentleman_n of_o good_a reputation_n wherefore_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o the_o speech_n pass_v between_o we_o may_v be_v forget_v this_o form_n of_o pacification_n may_v serve_v in_o many_o case_n and_o at_o sundry_a occasion_n sometime_o it_o happen_v that_o a_o man_n repent_v a_o speech_n evil_n speak_v of_o another_o will_v after_o deny_v that_o any_o such_o word_n be_v speak_v which_o seem_v no_o full_a satisfaction_n unless_o he_o add_v these_o word_n i_o speak_v it_o not_o or_o if_o i_o have_v speak_v it_o i_o shall_v have_v say_v untruelie_o these_o
understand_v of_o ambassador_n who_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n they_o hold_v may_v during_o their_o commission_n repulse_n the_o challenge_n of_o any_o gentleman_n or_o other_o subject_n whatsoever_o a_o soldier_n base_o bear_v have_v live_v in_o continual_a exercise_n of_o arm_n by_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n without_o commit_v any_o disobedience_n or_o other_o reproachful_a act_n ought_v be_v admit_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o gentleman_n bear_v a_o gentleman_n who_o either_o by_o his_o own_o fault_n or_o his_o ancestor_n have_v commit_v any_o treason_n against_o his_o prince_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n unless_o the_o say_a offender_n or_o his_o ancestor_n be_v restore_v in_o blood_n or_o be_v in_o descent_n three_o degree_n from_o the_o ancestor_n that_o be_v attaint_v a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v know_v a_o spy_n for_o the_o enemy_n or_o bewray_v the_o secret_n of_o his_o own_o prince_n camp_n abandon_v his_o ensign_n or_o commit_v any_o other_o military_a offence_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o every_o other_o gentleman_n of_o good_a fame_n &_o reputation_n and_o by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n man_n blot_v with_o such_o note_n may_v not_o live_v in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n where_o the_o emperor_n or_o other_o prince_n remain_v a_o gentleman_n that_o have_v make_v profession_n of_o arm_n by_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o year_n in_o the_o court_n or_o camp_n of_o his_o prince_n without_o infamy_n or_o reproach_n may_v notwithstanding_o he_o be_v dismiss_v retire_a or_o cass_v fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n that_o live_v in_o present_a pay_n and_o exercise_v of_o arm_n a_o gentleman_n have_v aspire_v unto_o any_o title_n or_o dignity_n and_o be_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n or_o infirmity_n retire_v to_o his_o own_o house_n ought_v nevertheless_o to_o enjoy_v all_o his_o honour_n and_o shall_v be_v ever_o without_o commit_v dishonourable_a fact_n repute_v worthy_a the_o honour_n he_o receive_v in_o court_n or_o camp_n and_o fight_v with_o any_o other_o gentleman_n whatsoever_o a_o artificer_n follow_v the_o camp_n and_o exercise_v his_o art_n or_o mystery_n notwithstanding_o he_o be_v also_o in_o pay_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o privare_fw-la soldier_n that_o make_v particular_a profession_n and_o exercise_n of_o arm_n no_o man_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o gentleman_n ought_v be_v receive_v or_o allow_v for_o a_o man_n at_o arm_n on_o horseback_n for_o by_o the_o imperial_a law_n the_o regiment_n of_o lance_n be_v call_v equestris_n ordo_fw-la and_o they_o who_o we_o call_v light_a horseman_n be_v name_v celeri_fw-la certain_a question_n opinion_n and_o judgement_n upon_o accident_n happen_v in_o trial_n and_o exercise_n of_o arm_n cap._n 5._o 1_o if_o two_o man_n at_o arm_n do_v covenant_n to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n and_o run_v ten_o course_n with_o sharp_a lance_n and_o that_o he_o who_o worst_o perform_v those_o course_n shall_v be_v judge_v victor_v &_o prisoner_n to_o the_o other_o it_o happen_v that_o at_o the_o second_o course_n the_o one_o of_o they_o fall_v from_o his_o horse_n and_o sudden_o recover_v to_o horseback_n offer_v to_o perform_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o course_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v or_o by_o the_o fall_n be_v repute_v a_o prisoner_n whereunto_o be_v answer_v that_o in_o a_o challenge_n for_o life_n and_o death_n no_o man_n ought_v be_v account_v vanquish_v unless_o he_o be_v slay_v or_o force_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n to_o yield_v or_o deny_v those_o word_n whereupon_o the_o quarrel_n grow_v yet_o otherwise_o it_o be_v when_o the_o challenge_n or_o combat_n be_v for_o honour_n only_o love_v of_o lady_n or_o exercise_v of_o arm_n because_o in_o that_o case_n notwithstanding_o the_o runner_n be_v determine_v upon_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o course_n yet_o if_o at_o the_o first_o or_o after_o before_o those_o course_n be_v all_o perform_v any_o of_o they_o do_v fall_n he_o that_o receive_v the_o fall_n shall_v lose_v the_o honour_n and_o the_o other_o depart_v with_o victory_n 2_o two_o gentleman_n be_v come_v into_o the_o field_n to_o fight_v for_o life_n the_o one_o in_o fight_v happen_v to_o fall_v the_o other_o present_o sit_v upon_o he_o and_o say_v yield_v thyself_o he_o that_o lie_v under_o say_v like_o word_n and_o therewith_o wound_v his_o enemy_n lie_v upon_o he_o who_o feel_v the_o grief_n mortal_a strike_v the_o other_o in_o the_o throat_n he_o that_o be_v first_o fall_v arise_v and_o walk_v short_o after_o they_o both_o die_v the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v judge_v victorious_a albeit_o no_o dead_a man_n can_v require_v judgement_n of_o victory_n yet_o to_o the_o end_n the_o honour_n due_a unto_o the_o victorious_a may_v be_v in_o sign_n of_o his_o valorous_a merit_n bestow_v and_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o vanquish_v lay_v under_o his_o ensign_n thus_o it_o be_v say_v he_o who_o first_o have_v the_o body_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o his_o power_n and_o under_o ought_v be_v repute_v victorious_a yet_o may_v it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o other_o who_o give_v the_o first_o mortal_a wound_n ought_v have_v the_o victory_n because_o the_o time_n thereof_o &_o not_o the_o time_n of_o death_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o long_a liver_n ought_v to_o have_v victory_n and_o some_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o challenger_n give_v the_o first_o wound_n whereof_o death_n ensue_v although_o himself_o do_v first_o die_v yet_o have_v he_o perform_v his_o part_n and_o deserve_v most_o praise_n some_o also_o do_v think_v there_o be_v no_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o matter_n shall_v lie_v dead_a howsoever_o it_o be_v i_o leave_v the_o same_o to_o more_o learned_a doctor_n and_o better_a experience_a knight_n 3_o two_o gentleman_n be_v on_o horseback_n the_o one_o challenge_v the_o other_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v the_o challenger_n alight_v &_o kill_v his_o enemy_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o he_o may_v so_o lawful_o do_v thereunto_o be_v answer_v that_o if_o the_o challenge_n be_v for_o trial_n of_o honour_n triumph_n or_o sport_n on_o horseback_n then_o be_v no_o honour_n due_a to_o he_o that_o thus_o kill_v his_o enemy_n for_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o fighter_n ought_v to_o be_v on_o foot_n but_o in_o a_o combat_n for_o life_n it_o be_v otherwise_o sith_o than_o it_o be_v lawful_a aswell_o for_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o to_o take_v and_o use_v all_o mean_n advantage_n and_o subtlety_n that_o can_v be_v invent_v 4_o two_o gentleman_n capitulate_v to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n &_o that_o he_o who_o first_o fall_v shall_v be_v vanquish_v at_o the_o first_o encounter_n they_o fall_v both_o at_o one_o instant_a question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v be_v victorious_a to_o this_o case_n may_v be_v answer_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o challenger_n be_v not_o only_o to_o defend_v himself_o but_o also_o offend_v &_o win_v victory_n now_o fall_v even_o with_o the_o defender_n he_o thereby_o ought_v be_v account_v victor_v for_o in_o all_o doubtful_a cause_n the_o defender_n be_v most_o to_o be_v favour_v other_o be_v of_o mind_n that_o see_v the_o fall_n of_o the_o challenger_n may_v proceed_v of_o his_o own_o force_n &_o not_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o judgement_n ought_v lie_v dead_a but_o the_o true_a decision_n of_o this_o question_n be_v thus_o if_o the_o combat_n be_v for_o trial_n of_o virtue_n love_n or_o prize_n then_o ought_v the_o challenger_n to_o lose_v the_o honour_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v for_o life_n then_o ought_v the_o fight_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o one_o other_o day_n by_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n because_o in_o combat_n of_o that_o kind_n no_o victory_n be_v gain_v until_o one_o of_o the_o fighter_n be_v either_o slay_v or_o yield_v or_o have_v with_o his_o own_o mouth_n deny_v the_o word_n whereupon_o the_o combat_n be_v occasion_v 5_o two_o gentleman_n determine_v to_o fight_v on_o horseback_n for_o life_n the_o one_o overthrow_v the_o other_o be_v down_o the_o enemy_n come_v upon_o he_o he_o that_o be_v under_o say_v i_o yield_v and_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n with_o his_o dagger_n strike_v and_o kill_v he_o that_o be_v above_o the_o question_n be_v which_o of_o they_o ought_v be_v pronounce_v victorious_a thereunto_o be_v say_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o word_n and_o deed_n of_o he_o that_o live_v be_v say_v and_o do_v at_o one_o instant_a be_v of_o contrary_a effect_n the_o judgement_n ought_v have_v relation_n unto_o the_o deed_n for_o oft_o time_n word_n be_v utter_v diverse_a from_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o be_v do_v but_o if_o so_o be_v a_o man_n do_v say_v i_o yield_v and_o he_o
this_o matter_n we_o have_v sign_v these_o letter_n with_o red_a ink_n and_o thereunto_o have_v set_v our_o royal_a seal_n date_v in_o our_o city_n of_o paris_n the_o 4._o of_o july_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o use_n at_o this_o time_n in_o like_a case_n be_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o prize_v aforesaid_a bestow_v by_o her_o majesty_n the_o five_o book_n of_o what_o quality_n a_o gentleman_n profess_v arm_n ought_v to_o be_v cap._n 1._o by_o consideration_n of_o thing_n contain_v in_o these_o book_n a_o gentleman_n may_v be_v inform_v what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n or_o offence_n unto_o honour_n what_o repulse_n be_v due_a unto_o injury_n of_o all_o sort_n what_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v upon_o accident_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n whereunto_o we_o add_v some_o particular_a example_n of_o certain_a combat_n for_o life_n perform_v by_o person_n of_o honour_n within_o this_o land_n and_o likewise_o have_v note_v the_o action_n most_o glorious_a in_o triumph_n bring_v before_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o forsomuch_o as_o these_o action_n of_o arm_n chief_o on_o horseback_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v use_v of_o noble_a personage_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n who_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o flourish_a time_n by_o a_o general_a term_n call_v equites_fw-la and_o be_v present_o both_o of_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n name_v cavallieri_n without_o respect_n to_o private_a dignity_n or_o other_o distinction_n we_o will_v therefore_o for_o this_o time_n yet_o with_o respect_n to_o each_o man_n title_n adventure_n to_o english_a the_o word_n eques_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o profess_v honour_n virtue_n &_o arm_n or_o any_o of_o they_o particular_o recite_v with_o what_o condition_n and_o quality_n he_o shall_v be_v endue_v which_o in_o brief_a be_v these_o 1_o first_o he_o ought_v be_v of_o good_a constitution_n in_o body_n and_o convenient_a strength_n to_o suffer_v travel_n and_o perform_v the_o action_n appertein_v to_o a_o man_n of_o arm_n 2_o second_o he_o shall_v be_v well_o favour_v of_o face_n and_o comely_a for_o common_o god_n and_o nature_n give_v beauty_n to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v destine_v to_o command_v and_o from_o other_o bear_v to_o obey_v they_o have_v withhold_v that_o favour_n which_o move_v some_o writer_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o princely_a presence_n of_o priamus_n do_v show_v he_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o government_n and_o command_v other_o man_n 3_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o bold_a aspect_n rather_o incline_v to_o severity_n than_o softness_n which_o countenance_n the_o swisses_n and_o turk_n do_v much_o affect_v 4_o four_o he_o must_v be_v sober_a and_o discreet_a not_o incline_v to_o vain_a delight_n or_o effeminate_a pleasure_n 5_o fiftlie_o that_o he_o be_v obedient_a for_o of_o obedience_n proceed_v that_o the_o mean_a be_v content_a to_o be_v command_v by_o the_o better_a and_o the_o ignorant_a by_o those_o that_o know_v this_o virtue_n be_v great_o embrace_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o occasion_v their_o often_o victory_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v well_o observe_v among_o the_o turk_n and_o of_o the_o punishment_n for_o disobedience_n towards_o the_o military_a magistrate_n the_o roman_n have_v leave_v two_o most_o notable_a example_n the_o one_o of_o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n for_o that_o fault_n to_o be_v slay_v notwithstanding_o he_o have_v vanquish_v the_o enemy_n the_o other_o of_o papirius_n the_o dictator_n who_o for_o the_o like_a offence_n be_v punish_v by_o fabius_n rutilius_n general_n of_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n 6_o six_o he_o ought_v be_v vigilant_a and_o patient_a for_o in_o the_o one_o consist_v the_o execution_n of_o warlike_a action_n by_o the_o other_o all_o travail_n pain_n and_o misfortune_n be_v endure_v 7_o seventhly_a he_o must_v be_v faithful_a and_o loyal_a which_o quality_n be_v require_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o subject_n but_o chief_o in_o soldier_n for_o thereupon_o depend_v his_o prince_n security_n and_o state_n also_o which_o move_v vigetius_n to_o say_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o prince_n consist_v in_o well_o choose_v his_o soldier_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o man_n profess_v arm_n do_v common_o swear_v by_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o soldier_n the_o french_a man_n a_o foy_fw-fr de_fw-fr soldat_fw-fr the_o italian_a a_o fe_o di_o soldato_n etc._n etc._n yea_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v common_o use_v this_o phrase_n a_o foy_fw-fr de_fw-fr gentle_a home_o a_o foy_fw-fr du_fw-fr chivalier_n 8_o eight_o he_o ought_v be_v constant_a and_o resolute_a because_o resolution_n make_v all_o difficulty_n easy_a and_o constancy_n or_o perseverance_n bring_v perfection_n in_o that_o he_o profess_v 9_o nine_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v charitable_a because_o war_n be_v not_o take_v in_o hand_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o country_n and_o town_n but_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n and_o people_n last_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v fortunate_a since_o fortune_n be_v the_o lady_n of_o army_n because_o she_o show_v her_o virtue_n in_o nothing_o more_o than_o in_o the_o adventure_n of_o war_n of_o knighthood_n cap._n 2._o forsomuch_o as_o in_o these_o former_a book_n we_o have_v discourse_v the_o point_n of_o honour_n and_o in_o what_o sort_n the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n have_v be_v use_v in_o england_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o but_o rather_o necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o knighthood_n which_o dignity_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n give_v chief_o for_o service_n in_o arm_n and_o valiant_a enterprise_n our_o meaning_n therefore_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o original_a occasion_n of_o the_o name_n of_o knight_n and_o how_o many_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n there_o be_v or_o have_v be_v in_o christendom_n for_o performance_n whereof_o it_o behove_v to_o know_v that_o the_o roman_n among_o who_o martial_a discipline_n be_v first_o know_v and_o name_n give_v to_o man_n for_o valorous_a merit_n divide_v their_o people_n into_o patritij_fw-la and_o plebei_fw-la after_o that_o time_n another_o division_n be_v make_v as_o senatores_fw-la equites_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la as_o the_o french_a have_v at_o this_o day_n les_fw-fr noble_n &_o la_fw-fr populaire_a or_o gentiles_n home_n &_o villain_n and_o we_o in_o england_n divide_v our_o man_n into_o four_o sort_n gentleman_n citizens_z yeoman_n artificer_n and_o labourer_n of_o gentleman_n the_o first_o and_o principal_n be_v the_o king_n the_o prince_n dukes_z marquis_n earl_n viconts_n and_o baron_n these_o be_v the_o nobility_n and_o be_v call_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n next_o to_o these_o be_v knight_n esquire_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n which_o last_o number_n may_v be_v call_v nobilitas_fw-la minor_fw-la for_o they_o in_o parliament_n have_v no_o place_n among_o the_o lord_n therefore_o the_o baron_n or_o degree_n of_o lord_n do_v resemble_v the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n in_o rome_n and_o the_o title_n of_o our_o nobility_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o patritij_fw-la when_o the_o patritij_fw-la do_v signify_v senatores_fw-la aut_fw-la senatorum_fw-la filii_fw-la but_o that_o degree_n which_o we_o do_v now_o call_v knighthood_n be_v most_o like_a unto_o the_o title_n in_o rome_n name_v equestris_n ordo_fw-la yet_o other_o opinion_n there_o be_v both_o of_o the_o beginning_n and_o name_n of_o knight_n as_o well_o among_o the_o italian_n as_o the_o spaniard_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o seem_v that_o until_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la be_v erect_v in_o rome_n there_o be_v no_o such_o degree_n of_o man_n as_o we_o call_v knight_n neither_o be_v that_o name_n give_v with_o such_o ceremony_n and_o show_n of_o dignity_n as_o since_o have_v be_v use_v yet_o some_o there_o be_v that_o fail_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o knighthood_n have_v the_o original_n from_o romulus_n in_o this_o sort_n that_o king_n have_v settle_v his_o government_n in_o rome_n partly_o for_o security_n &_o partly_o for_o magnificence_n erect_v three_o band_n of_o horseman_n the_o first_o call_v romence_v after_o his_o own_o name_n the_o next_o titience_n after_o tito_n tatio_fw-la and_o the_o three_o luceria_n whereof_o only_o i_o think_v livy_n make_v mention_v hereupon_o they_o will_v infer_v that_o knighthood_n begin_v under_o romulus_n the_o spaniard_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o when_o faith_n and_o plain_o deal_v decay_v those_o man_n that_o make_v profession_n of_o war_n every_o thousand_o do_v choose_v but_o one_o man_n who_o they_o think_v to_o be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n courage_n and_o courtesy_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v do_v they_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o a_o horse_n as_o be_v repute_v to_o excel_v the_o rest_n for_o beauty_n force_n and_o other_o perfection_n and_o forthwith_o give_v that_o beast_n unto_o that_o man_n who_o they_o have_v choose_v as_o though_o their_o intention_n be_v to_o conjoin_v that_o singular_a beast_n unto_o that_o notable_a