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A17223 A treatise or sermon of Henry Bullynger: much fruitfull and necessarye for this tyme, concernynge magistrates and obedience of subiectes Also concernyng the affayres of warre, and what scryptures make mension thereof. whether christen powers may war against their ennemies. And whither it be laufull for a christyan to beare the office of a magistrate, and of the duety of souldiers with many other holsom instructions for captaynes [and] souldiers both. Made in the yeare of our lorde. M. D. xlix.; Sermonum decades qinque. English. Selections Bullinger, Heinrich, 1504-1575.; Lynne, Walter. 1549 (1549) STC 4079; ESTC S110959 18,938 70

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blame in this is not a sygne of religiouse men but of timerous persons The pleasure in hurting outragious in reuenging an vnplacable stomack wylde rebellynge gredines to gett dominion and suche lyke these be they whiche be worthely reproued in warre and not only reproued but also punished Against the vyolence of oure aduersaryes good men may rightfully warre other by gods lawe or by any cōmaūdemēt of superior powers beyng in such vocatiō where their powers other commaundeth any such thyng or byndeth them to obedience Or elles Saynt Ihon Baptiste Luce ciii d whan the souldiers came to hym to be baptised askynge what they shuld do he myght haue answered them agayne Cast away your harnes renounce your warrfarre strike no man wounde no man ouerthrow no body but bycause he dydde see theym in doynge these thynges in warrfayre to be no murtherers but mynisters of the law neyther reuengeres of their own iniuries but defenders of publyke wealth he sayde to them stryke no body wrangle with no man be content with your own stipende But bycause the Manichees be wōt to despise and blaspheme Ihon lette them heare our lord Iesu christ hym self commaunding the same stipend to be gyuen to cesar which Ihon aduersited the souldiours to be content with al Gyue vnto Ceasar sayth christ Matt xx it c and xvi d roma x. ii b the thinges which are Ceasers vnto god those thinges that are gods For therfore be tributs payd wherby warres maye be waged souldiours mainteined for necessite of war So he doth worthely also commend the faith of the centurion saying And I am a mā set here vnder powers Mat viii a Luc vi a hauing vnder me souldiours and I saye to hym goe and he goeth and to another come he comith And to my seruaunt do this he doth it we se he commendeth his faythe therfore but he byddeth him not to forsake the wars Hytherto also perteineth the chapt folowynge .lxxv. .lxxvi. c. But here I am content to spare you not to ouer burden you with to prolyx recitinge of sentences Thus much haue I spoken hetherto for that that it is lawful for magistrates to warre And vpō this we gather that subiectes Subiectes mir●t obeys theyr powers commandyng warre lykewise may lawfully with out reprehension go feighte in warfare when they be commaunded by the magistrates so to do But yf it be so that the magistrates causles do set vpon to slay the innocentes and vngylty persons I haue declared in my formar sermons ●et iiii and v● in this case the magistrats cōmaūdemēts are not to be obeied Therfore let the magistrates take hyde lesse they abuse their auctorite Warre is a peregous thyng And all though it be lawfull for the Magistrates to kepe warr for iust and necessary causes yet is warre a most daungerous thīg and bringeth with it hepes of infinite troubles And thus be such men punyshed dyuerse tymes whome no gentyl admonition cā moue all be it many innocent persons with such be punished amōg Nowe many tymes it happeneth that souldiours forget them selues and breake al good ordre prouokyng the myghti angre of god vpon their heades what kynde of myscheyfe is in al the worlde but it is vsed in warre or what kynde of misery is there that is not here Fyrst by warre spryngeth dearth and vtter scasety of al thynges For the wayes be stopped the torne troden downe townes set on fyre vitalle distroied wasted all occupations and marchandise cease both riche and poore decayeth In warre the moost valiante sonest destroyed the towards thei retyre saue them selues whyles greater afterclappes do fal vpon them The most vyle ruffynes most auaunced which abuse men more lyke beastes then other All is full of murning on euerye syde Wydowes bewayle fatherles children lament and be destitute Greate riches prouyded for nede to come cleane spoyled hole cites set a fyre Esay i● and v vyrgynes an vnmared maydēs defyled Al shame al honesty set a syde no reuerence to age All maner of ryght all lawes vnregarded al holy religion and studies cleane vnder foote vyle vacaboundes and desperate dreuylles rule all the toste And therfore in scripture warre is called the scourge of god Warre ●eth scourge of god Leuit xxvi ii Reg. xxiiii Deut xxviii This scourge doth god lyghtly inferre vpon incurrable and obstinat despisers of his word For this cause was the citie of Hierusalem subuerted with all the whole nations of the Iewes Mat. xxiii e Luce xiii d for as the lord saith they dyd not know the day of their visitation but rather thei did shed the bloud of the lordes apostles so brynging vpon their own heades al the bloud Gene iiii b ii par xxiiii d shedde from fyrste Abell the iuste vnto zacharye Num xxi and xxxiii c The Chananites for murder idolatrye incest and for abhominable letchery were vtterly deuasted The Moabites as Esaie saith Esay xv and ●vi perished for theirr cuelteinclemenci and proud dispisinge of the pore The Niniuites did infest other nations with vniust warres wherefore thei were serued with lyke measure Agayne of other countreis as we reede in the prophete Nahum Nahum ii and iii Micheas in the vi cap. declareth that god sēdeth warre to the vniust The causes of warre for their auarice fraude vsynge In Ieremye Ierem v ● c arrogancy and pryde in Esaye Esay v ● ryotenes excesse and dronckennes are noted to be the causes of warre Farthermore the incommodities of war do cleaue so hard to realmes publik weales that thei cannot afterward be remoued or shaken of whan we wold nether by humane policie nor leages nor riches nor defence strēgth nor power as we may se in Abdias Abdias ● Only the syncere and harty conuersion to god remedyeth thys as Ieremy in .v. Ierem v ● capt do testifie This true conuersion to god standeth fyrst in the confession and knowledge of our owne wyckednes than in a sewer fayth to haue remission of oure synnes by grace and merite of oure lorde Iesus christ Roma v and ●i Thyrdly in a perfect hatred and renounsynge of cure formare iniquite in studye of iustyce innocency charite and all other vertues fynally in continuall prayer oration Againe to some a man shall see war Warre profitable to some bryngeth much profyt vtilite and vnnumerable ryches with no damage or lytel at all Such was the battayle of the Israelytes against the Chananaeis Iosue Iosua iii c and xvi b beynge theyr captayne I wolde not heare the commodites of warre shuld allure any frō Iustice and equite For so many tymes it happenyth that whyle Magistrates thinke to haue a iust occasion to warre agaynst other and to punish offenders The good some tymes be ouercome of the wyck●d god of his pryue iustice reaturneth the same occasion vpon them selues in
them with anye iniuries but moreouer hast offered them righte resonable conditions of peace than oughte the magistrat to styrte lyke a Liō to preserue hys people agaynste the assaultes of suche malytiouse murderers Example we haue of Moses feightyng against the kinges of the Amorites Aradeus Seon Num xxi and xxxii deut ii c and iii ● ● and og Example we haue of kynge Iosaphat feyghtyng agaīst the Ammonites ● Para xx and inhabiters of mount Seir Example we haue also in Dauid resistynge against the Sitians comīg vpon hī wyth warre ii reg x. c The .iiii cause of war Fourthly it is lawful for the magistrate to feyght in the defēce of his confederat frendes ayders for why may not a magistrate be at confederacy and leyge wyth other nacions so it be not in matters againste the worde of god in case they be iustlye oppressed with violence So did Iosue delyuer the Gabonities from Seyge Iosua ● i. reg xi and Saul the cytesyns of Iabes Galaad warrynge agaynste Naas a prince of great tyranny For such causes warres may lawfully be attempted of magistrates and prynces And the souldiours do wel whiche herein obeye their powers yea and dye gloriouslye and in a good state in so dyenge for religion for goddes lawes for their countre theire wyffes chyldren Therfore all such as enter into warre and trauell in the same must not set their eye eyther vpon fylthy lucre nor voluptousnes An instruction for souldiers as they lyghtly do whan Ieoperdy is past but iustice peace publike tranquyllite and the defence of truth and innocency must be al their marke that they shute at so that the wycked sorte beyng conquered the victory got and their enemies other r●pulsed or destroyed true religion maye florysh in iudgement and equitie the church may florysh diuine lawes rites institutes and ecclesiastike ordinaunces maye flo●yshe studies and good artes may prospere the poore may be seen to the widowes and succourlesse chydren may be helped that mē may lyue in rest may serue and prayse god both aged persons chaiste maydens and honest matrones To this marke ought al our eyes both of mynd and body to be directed These thinges had our valiaunt forefathers in their sight whansoeuer they made any warre agaynst the wycked for their ecclesiastik and publik ryght as Abraham Moses Iosue Dauyd and other noble captaynes also oure progenitours before vs to whom and to all such other valiant souldiers perpetuall fame and laude ought to be gyuen in the congregation of saynctes But to the other towardes slouggish souldiers wicked couitouse blasphemers riotous light ruffenes and betrayers which by their slougyshnes riote lechery and impietie dis●roy many noble realms now a days and many florishing cyties to suche be continuall rebuke and god hym selfe hath cursed such wycked catyffes for euer Therfore no warre is lawfull except it be against our aduersaries and misordered rebellers Vniust warres be such as be made agaīst our owne fellowes or men fauteles vniust warres or in whom we se hope of amēdemēt Also vniust warres be thei which be not inferred after a dew maner or for any vrgent cause All maner of ways oughte to be assayed tyrste before we come to warre An instruction ●or magist●ates You must not seke to take in other mennes bondes or limittes nothing pertainynge to youre ryght You must not oppresse the liberti●s of other nations neither yet of your owne Suche affectes whiche seduce the mynde are not here to be folowed as gredines of dominion auarice desire of bribes enuye or any suche other lyke to these Warre is a remedy but daūgerouse a helpe but pernitiouse muche lyke to the cuttynge of of members In case thy hande be on fyer and so thy arme be in daūger to be brent and afterwarde the whole man lykewise yet doeste thou not cutte away thy hand streyght wayes onlesse thou see prouynge al maner of wayes no other helpe to be So nether is warre to be set vpon but where there is no other remedy so yet that princes remembre they do nothinge which after wylbe to late For iust warres be not repugninge to goddes worde in somuch that it describeth to vs the lawes of warrefarre and ministreth to vs many goodly examples of wars of wise and worthye captaines In deu xx deu xx ● xxi we haue lawes of war profitable necessary so cleare that thei nede no exposition Many other cōmē rules alsoo we may gather out of scriptur as thes Principally aboue al things let relygion be most obserued in the campe Iust lawes no lesse oughte to be kept in the middeste of warres as in the middest of cities the souldiours let them kepe them in due ordre with all honesty Rue iii b iustice holines For this prouerbe is of the deuyll not of god that some do saye Sileant inter arma leges Lawes kepe silence in warre The cheife captayne generall let hym be chosen a godly man iust holly valyaunt sapient and luckey as was Iosue Dauid Iudas Machabeus Constantinus Theodosius Mascelser many other let there be appointed to hym an armye of tryed men ●h●wling sou●diours For in chusyng of souldiours great circumspeccion is to be hadde that they be not a company of weyklinges vnskylful warryous vnfaythful blasphemers wicked wretches dronken gluttons and beastely bellyes Victory goyth not by the multitude of mē but by the grace of god Vyctori goeth by grace not by multitude gr●e iiii d Iudy vii a i reg xvii and by godly souldiers it is an olde prouerb wher is a multytud ther is confusion Great and innumerable hostes do but combre and distroye themselues Experience exāples of the old tyme teach this sufficiently Agayn such warriers as wyll take no payne be lu●kish lubbers be greatly to be dyscommendid Therfore lett euer a christiane warrioure be doynge somethyng let hī be corrageous faythful paynful obediente to his captayne must neuer let slyppe occasion well practised in the feytes of warre not tendre but harde not cruell and fearse but graue gentyl accordyng as tyme doth serue The thing that may be sauyd let him not destroye But aboue all other especially let hym not forget continually to praye vnto god bothe in ieopardy and owt of ieoperdy let hym begyn all thynges in the lord a warryer must do all th●nges in the name of the lorde and without the lord let him attempt nothinge in misfortune he must not be discouraged ī prosperouse successe let hym not be exalted but gyue thankes to god vse hys victory with mercy let his vyctorye onelye stande in god not in hym selfe let hym seke for nothyng more than for defense of hys countrye of lawes of religion of iustice and of innocentes Some here wyll meruell I dare saye that I requyre these thyngs of souldyours whiche were wont in tymes paste to be requyred of religious and professed men As