their_o memory_n with_o some_o worthy_a monument_n cause_v these_o stone_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o place_n of_o their_o murder_n and_o burial_n the_o which_o stone_n have_v be_v first_o bring_v from_o africa_n into_o ireland_n and_o have_v be_v place_v on_o mount_n killare_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o industrious_a mean_n of_o merlin_n be_v convey_v to_o this_o place_n to_o the_o foresay_a end_n there_o be_v about_o this_o place_n certain_a little_a hill_n or_o bank_n under_o which_o be_v find_v sometime_o bone_n of_o big_a man_n and_o piece_n of_o armour_n also_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o remain_v old_a ruin_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o fortress_n which_o the_o roman_n most_o likely_a do_v build_v there_o in_o time_n past_a such_o be_v the_o devotion_n of_o this_o time_n as_o we_o may_v gather_v by_o old_a writer_n testify_v that_o after_o the_o pagan_a saxon_n have_v destroy_v the_o church_n and_o abbey_n in_o britain_n yet_o many_o still_o remain_v 16_o will._n lamb._n peram_fw-la of_o kent_n p._n 330._o mr._n broug_n fol._n 601._o mat._n west_n a_o 490._o idem_fw-la a_o 498._o galf._n mon._n hist_o brit._n l._n 7._o c._n 16_o and_o their_o abbat_n be_v honour_v and_o will._n lamb._n perambulation_n in_o kent_n tell_v we_o in_o ancient_a time_n even_o the_o great_a personage_n hold_v monk_n and_o nun_n in_o such_o veneration_n and_o like_n that_o they_o think_v no_o city_n in_o case_n to_o flourish_v no_o house_n to_o have_v long_a continuance_n no_o castle_n sufficient_o defence_v where_o be_v not_o a_o abbey_n priory_n or_o nunnery_n either_o place_v within_o the_o wall_n or_o plant_v at_o hand_n or_o near_o adjoin_v and_o number_v among_o our_o noble_n spiritual_a lord_n before_o the_o temporal_a so_o it_o be_v in_o that_o great_a solemnity_n when_o aurelius_n ambrose_n keep_v the_o feast_n of_o penticost_n at_o amesbury_n he_o have_v there_o many_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o many_o other_o noble_a person_n and_o after_o britain_n be_v more_o decay_v by_o those_o pagan_n yet_o there_o be_v still_o both_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n here_o and_o they_o bury_v the_o body_n of_o their_o king_n aurelius_n ambrose_n in_o regal_a manner_n thus_o it_o be_v in_o all_o place_n and_o province_n in_o this_o kingdom_n where_o these_o pagan_n reign_v most_o london_n winchester_n lincoln_n york_n and_o other_o part_n where_o they_o destroy_v church_n and_o all_o holy_a monument_n 462._o mat._n west_n a_o 462._o martyr_v the_o priest_n at_o the_o altar_n burn_v holy_a scripture_n deface_v and_o obscure_v martyr_n tomb_n they_o find_v every_o where_o religious_a person_n who_o fly_v their_o persecution_n hide_v themselves_o in_o cave_n woody_a place_n and_o desert_a crag_n of_o hill_n and_o mountain_n alla_fw-mi and_o his_o three_o son_n kymon_n pline_v and_o cissa_n come_v into_o britain_n with_o three_o ship_n and_o land_v with_o they_o in_o a_o place_n call_v kimon_n shore_n 53._o how_o be_v brit._n &_o saxon._n fol._n 53._o and_o there_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o britain_n force_v the_o rest_n to_o take_v their_o flight_n into_o a_o wood_n call_v andredsleage_v this_o alla_n fight_v with_o the_o britain_n in_o a_o place_n near_o unto_o macreds_n bear_v or_o micreds_n rilear_n slay_v many_o of_o they_o and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n alla_fw-mi and_o cissa_n his_o son_n after_o long_a siege_n break_v into_o the_o city_n of_o andredcester_n and_o slay_v the_o inhabitant_n andredcester_n andredcester_n from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o small_a port_n and_o his_o two_o son_n byda_o and_o moegla_n arrive_v in_o britain_n with_o two_o ship_n in_o a_o place_n call_v portesmouth_n portsmouth_n portsmouth_n and_o there_o slay_v a_o young_a gentleman_n one_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o divers_a other_o the_o same_o year_n two_o duke_n to_o wit_n cerdic_n and_o kenric_a his_o son_n come_v into_o britain_n with_o five_o ship_n and_o arrive_v in_o a_o place_n call_v cerdic_n shore_n the_o same_o day_n they_o fight_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n sup_n howes_n ut_fw-la sup_n cerdic_n and_o his_o son_n kenrie_n slay_v natanland_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o 5000_o man_n of_o who_o name_n that_o country_n as_o far_o as_o cerdicsford_n be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o natanleend_n i_o beseech_v mr._n how_o be_v to_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v he_o that_o port_n can_v not_o land_n at_o portsmorth_n nor_o cerdic_n at_o cerdicshore_n be_v name_n at_o their_o arrival_n utter_o unknown_a and_o questionless_a have_v other_o british_a name_n these_o nomenclation_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o port_n and_o cerdic_n and_o therefore_o the_o author_n shall_v better_o have_v give_v their_o first_o appellation_n ambrose_n aurelianus_n or_o aurelius_n be_v poison_v dye_v when_o he_o have_v reign_v thirty_o five_o year_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o stone-hedge_n then_o call_v chorsa_n gigantum_fw-la it_o be_v strange_a to_o i_o that_o a_o prince_n so_o much_o a_o christian_n and_o a_o restaurator_n and_o repairer_n of_o church_n monastery_n and_o sacred_a place_n consecrate_v for_o the_o sepulture_n of_o devout_a christian_n and_o that_o both_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n shall_v be_v present_a at_o the_o funeral_n and_o obsequy_n of_o so_o deserve_v a_o king_n and_o not_o afford_v he_o a_o sepulchre_n in_o a_o church_n he_o have_v repair_v and_o re-edify_v so_o many_o uter_n pendragan_n after_o that_o aurelius_n ambrose_n be_v dead_a his_o brother_n uter_n pendragon_n who_o harrison_n call_v aurelius_n vterîus_n ambrosianus_n be_v make_v king_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 500_o the_o cause_n why_o he_o be_v surname_v pendragon_n be_v for_o that_o merlin_n the_o great_a prophet_n liken_v he_o to_o a_o dragon_n head_n that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o nativity_n marveilous_o appear_v in_o the_o firmament_n 53_o hollenshed_a hist_o of_o engl._n fol._n 127._o howes_n &_o stow_n britain_n and_o saxon_n fol._n 53_o at_o the_o corner_n of_o a_o blaze_a star_n as_o be_v report_v other_o suppose_v that_o he_o be_v so_o call_v of_o his_o wisdom_n and_o serpentine_a subtlety_n or_o for_o that_o he_o give_v the_o dragon_n head_n for_o his_o arm_n this_o uter_n hear_v that_o the_o saxon_n with_o their_o captain_n octa_n or_o occa_fw-la the_o son_n of_o hengist_n and_o his_o brother_n osca_n have_v besiege_v the_o city_n of_o york_n haste_v thither_o and_o give_v they_o battle_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o take_v osca_n and_o occa_fw-la prisoner_n hector_n boetius_fw-la in_o his_o chronicle_n be_v of_o a_o other_o opinion_n for_o he_o say_v uter_n pendragon_n at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n aurelius_n be_v in_o wales_n as_o not_o yet_o full_o recover_v of_o a_o dangerous_a sickness_n wherewith_o late_o he_o have_v be_v extreme_o molest_v yet_o the_o lord_n of_o britain_n after_o the_o funeral_n of_o their_o last_o king_n come_v unto_o he_o and_o set_v the_o diadem_n upon_o his_o head_n and_o though_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o go_v against_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o aurelius_n his_o death_n be_v very_o busy_a and_o more_o earnest_a in_o pursue_v the_o war_n then_o before_o and_o army_n be_v yet_o prepare_v and_o send_v forth_o with_o all_o convenient_a speed_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o one_o nathaliod_n a_o man_n neither_o of_o ancient_a extraction_n nor_o skill_n in_o military_a affair_n the_o noble_a man_n be_v nothing_o please_v herewith_o and_o mislike_v altogether_o the_o lack_n of_o discretion_n in_o their_o new_a king_n they_o doubt_v much_o least_o in_o time_n to_o come_v he_o will_v have_v more_o delight_n to_o advance_v man_n of_o base_a lineage_n and_o degree_n than_o such_o as_o be_v descend_v of_o noble_a parentage_n yet_o because_o they_o will_v not_o put_v the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n in_o danger_n through_o any_o mutiny_n they_o agree_v to_o go_v forth_o with_o he_o in_o that_o journey_n occa_fw-la have_v advertisement_n give_v he_o by_o secreet_a letter_n send_v to_o he_o by_o some_o close_a friend_n among_o the_o britain_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n and_o therefore_o in_o hope_n of_o the_o better_a success_n he_o make_v all_o possible_a speed_n to_o encounter_v the_o britain_n and_o thus_o the_o one_o army_n come_v in_o fight_n of_o the_o other_o they_o prepare_v to_o the_o battle_n and_o short_o after_o the_o first_o onset_n the_o britain_n retreat_v and_o turn_v their_o back_n by_o reason_n that_o one_o of_o their_o chief_a commander_n call_v gothlois_n disdain_v to_o be_v under_o nathaliod_n get_v he_o up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o next_o hill_n with_o such_o as_o be_v under_o his_o power_n and_o charge_n leave_v the_o other_o britain_n in_o eminent_a danger_n which_o they_o perceive_v begin_v also_o to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n there_o die_v no_o great_a number_n of_o the_o native_n for_o occa_fw-la mistrust_v what_o gothlois_n
titular_a prince_n but_o possess_v of_o large_a territory_n and_o find_v great_a plenty_n of_o treasure_n congest_v by_o his_o wary_a and_o careful_a predecessor_n be_v not_o close-fisted_n but_o with_o a_o liberal_a hand_n impart_v a_o large_a proportion_n to_o man_n of_o action_n and_o gallant_a resolution_n and_o determine_v once_o more_o to_o hazard_v both_o life_n and_o fortune_n with_o his_o brother_n rather_o than_o lose_v albania_n the_o son_n of_o mars_n and_o fierce_a youthful_a spirit_n applaud_v their_o prince_n gallant_a resolution_n and_o each_o equipp_n himself_o to_o the_o rank_n of_o his_o birth_n and_o height_n of_o his_o desire_n bellinus_n hear_v of_o these_o great_a and_o warlike_a preparation_n like_o a_o prudent_a prince_n perceive_v this_o threaten_a cloud_n to_o bend_v its_o course_n towards_o britain_n and_o therefore_o see_v he_o can_v prevent_v the_o come_n thereof_o make_v such_o provision_n that_o wheresoever_o it_o shall_v disgorge_v itself_o it_o may_v do_v as_o slender_a hurt_n as_o may_v be_v thus_o he_o stand_v in_o a_o readiness_n with_o weapon_n to_o receive_v this_o menace_a storm_n with_o the_o point_n of_o his_o sword_n brennus_n maugre_o all_o opposition_n arrive_v with_o his_o navy_n these_o heavy_a tiding_n pierce_v the_o very_a soul_n of_o connuvenna_n or_o conwenna_n the_o poor_a afflict_a mother_n who_o affectionate_a love_n be_v equal_o divide_v betwixt_o her_o dear_a child_n and_o have_v long_a time_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o tender_a embracement_n of_o her_o young_a son_n carry_v with_o the_o most_o noble_a passion_n of_o love_n she_o cast_v herself_o betwixt_o the_o brother_n and_o with_o most_o bitter_a sigh_n and_o flood_n of_o tear_n show_v those_o breast_n which_o once_o they_o both_o have_v suck_v she_o plead_v command_n entreat_n nay_o beg_v to_o make_v they_o friend_n a_o ancient_a poet_n in_o few_o verse_n make_v conwenna_n to_o speak_v thus_o proh_fw-la dolour_n hic_fw-la quid_fw-la erit_fw-la quid_fw-la vos_fw-fr mea_fw-la viscera_fw-la turbat_fw-la fraternas_fw-la a_o eye_n quae_fw-la mala_fw-la causa_fw-la movet_fw-la tota_n tenere_fw-la nequit_fw-la modo_fw-la vos_fw-la brittannia_fw-la quondam_a quos_fw-la tenuit_fw-la venture_n unicus_fw-la iste_fw-la meus_fw-la non_fw-la vos_fw-la maternae_fw-la lachrimae_fw-la sparsique_fw-la capilli_fw-la nec_fw-la quae_fw-la suxistis_fw-la ubera_fw-la nuda_fw-la movent_fw-la oh_o heaven_n i_o my_o son_n why_o do_v you_o let_v i_o see_v your_o naked_a sword_n unsheathe_v for_o butchery_n can_v you_o two_o in_o one_o great_a kingdom_n live_v my_o narrow_a womb_n life_n to_o you_o both_o do_v give_v behold_v my_o tear_n my_o lock_n with_o age_n grow_v grace_n the_o breast_n you_o suck_v then_o cast_v your_o sword_n away_o the_o brother_n with_o this_o unlooked_a for_o spectacle_n stand_v gaze_v each_o at_o other_o which_o convenna_n wise_o perceive_v take_v time_n fast_o by_o the_o foretop_n and_o prosecute_v her_o complaint_n with_o the_o very_a depth_n of_o sorrow_n and_o rise_v up_o with_o a_o discreet_a motherly_a compassion_n now_o embrace_v the_o one_o now_o the_o other_o and_o never_o leave_v till_o she_o lock_v they_o close_o in_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o most_o firm_a and_o brotherly_a reconciliation_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v hand_n in_o hand_n to_o the_o amazement_n of_o both_o army_n but_o unspeakable_a joy_n of_o the_o overjoy_v convenna_n they_o come_v to_o troynovant_n where_o after_o a_o due_a settle_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o britain_n those_o force_n who_o not_o long_o before_o be_v mortal_a foe_n be_v now_o become_v confederate_n and_o fellow_n soldier_n and_o unite_n strength_n to_o strength_n a_o new_a employment_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n gallia_n be_v the_o mark_n aim_v at_o at_o which_o they_o level_v so_o direct_o that_o as_o gaufride_n they_o sail_v into_o a_o part_n of_o gallia_n burn_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n without_o regard_n or_o pity_n and_o in_o short_a time_n subdue_v a_o large_a proportion_n not_o only_o of_o gallia_n but_o also_o italy_n and_o germany_n as_o yet_o belmus_fw-la and_o brennus_n according_a to_o gaufride_n be_v together_o and_o perform_v many_o worthy_a deed_n and_o feat_n in_o arm_n but_o because_o livius_n make_v only_o mention_v of_o brennus_n in_o the_o roman_a history_n i_o suppose_v belinus_n be_v again_o return_v for_o britain_n his_o own_o kingdom_n leave_v the_o manage_n of_o what_o follow_v to_o his_o brother_n what_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o brennus_n i_o have_v collect_v out_o of_o plutark_a in_o the_o life_n of_o camillus_n who_o word_n translate_v by_o sir_n thomas_n north_n kt._n be_v these_o now_o as_o touch_v the_o gaul_n they_o come_v of_o as_o they_o say_v the_o celtae_n who_o country_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o multitude_n of_o they_o they_o be_v drive_v to_o go_v seek_v after_o other_o country_n to_o inhabit_v in_o and_o there_o be_v among_o they_o many_o thousand_o of_o young_a man_n of_o service_n and_o good_a soldier_n but_o yet_o more_o woman_n and_o little_a child_n by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o those_o people_n some_o of_o they_o go_v towards_o the_o north_n sea_n pass_v the_o mountain_n riphei_n and_o do_v dwell_v in_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o europe_n other_o of_o they_o remain_v between_o the_o mountain_n pirenei_n and_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o alps_n near_o unto_o the_o senones_n and_o the_o celtorii_n there_o they_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n until_o they_o fortune_v in_o the_o end_n to_o taste_v of_o the_o wine_n which_o be_v first_o bring_v out_o of_o italy_n to_o they_o which_o drink_n they_o find_v so_o good_a and_o be_v so_o delight_v in_o it_o that_o sudden_o they_o arm_v themselves_o and_o take_v their_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o they_o they_o go_v direct_o towards_o the_o alps_n to_o go_v seek_v out_o the_o country_n that_o bring_v forth_o such_o fruit_n judge_v all_o other_o country_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o to_o be_v but_o wild_a and_o barren_a it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o first_o man_n that_o do_v bring_v wine_n to_o they_o and_o do_v procure_v they_o to_o pass_v into_o italy_n be_v a_o noble_a man_n of_o thuscany_n call_v arron_n and_o otherwise_o of_o no_o ill_n dispose_v nature_n how_o be_v it_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o this_o misfortune_n follow_v he_o be_v tutor_n to_o a_o orphan_n child_n the_o rich_a that_o be_v in_o that_o time_n in_o all_o the_o country_n of_o tuscany_n and_o of_o complexion_n wondrous_a fair_a he_o be_v call_v lucumo_n this_o orphan_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o arron_n house_n of_o a_o child_n and_o though_o he_o be_v grow_v to_o state_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o depart_v from_o he_o feign_v he_o be_v well_o and_o to_o his_o like_n but_o indeed_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o he_o love_v his_o mistress_n arron_n wife_n who_o secret_o he_o have_v enjoy_v a_o long_a time_n and_o she_o he_o that_o make_v he_o like_o his_o continuance_n there_o howbeit_o in_o the_o end_n love_v have_v so_o possess_v they_o both_o that_o neither_o party_n can_v withdraw_v from_o other_o much_o less_o conceal_v it_o the_o young_a man_n steal_v she_o away_o by_o force_n from_o he_o and_o so_o keep_v she_o arron_n put_v the_o matter_n in_o suit_n but_o he_o prevail_v not_o for_o lucumo_n over-weighed_n he_o with_o friend_n money_n gift_n and_o charge_n which_o he_o take_v so_o grievous_o that_o he_o leave_v his_o country_n and_o have_v hear_v talk_v of_o the_o gaul_n he_o go_v unto_o they_o and_o be_v their_o guide_n to_o bring_v they_o unto_o italy_n so_o they_o conquer_v at_o their_o first_o come_v all_o that_o country_n which_o the_o tuscan_n hold_v in_o old_a time_n begin_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o stretch_v out_o in_o length_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o which_o inviron_v italy_n as_o the_o name_n themselves_o do_v witness_v for_o they_o call_v yet_o that_o sea_n which_o look_v unto_o the_o north_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o city_n build_v some_o time_n by_o the_o tuscan_n which_o be_v call_v adria_n the_o other_o which_o lie_v direct_o over_o against_o the_o south_n be_v call_v the_o tuscan_a sea_n all_o that_o country_n be_v well_o plant_v with_o tree_n and_o have_v goodly_a pleasant_a pasture_n for_o beast_n and_o cattle_n to_o feed_v in_o and_o be_v notable_o water_v with_o goodly_a run_a river_n there_o be_v also_o at_o that_o time_n eighteen_o fair_a great_a city_n all_o of_o they_o very_o strong_a and_o well_o seat_v as_o well_o to_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n by_o traffic_n as_o to_o make_v they_o live_v delicate_o for_o pleasure_n all_o these_o city_n the_o gaul_n have_v win_v and_o have_v expulse_v the_o tuscan_n but_o this_o be_v do_v long_o before_o time_n now_o the_o gaul_n be_v enter_v further_o into_o tuscany_n do_v besiege_v the_o city_n of_o clusium_n thereupon_o the_o clusian_o seek_v aid_n of_o the_o roman_n beseech_v they_o
truth_n of_o christianity_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v bear_v down_o by_o the_o subtle_a allegation_n of_o humane_a reason_n hereupon_o the_o bishop_n call_v a_o synod_n wherein_o germanus_n the_o bishop_n of_o auxerre_n and_o lupus_n bishop_n of_o troy_n in_o champagne_n be_v appoint_v to_o go_v into_o britain_n and_o to_o undertake_v the_o cause_n which_o they_o afterward_o prosecute_v with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o many_o heretic_n among_o the_o britain_n be_v open_o convince_v and_o christian_n confirm_v in_o faith_n about_o the_o same_o time_n ninianus_n bernitius_fw-la of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o british_a prince_n be_v send_v into_o pictland_n to_o convert_v the_o inhabitant_n there_o to_o christianity_n 153._o british_a hist_n l._n 3._o f._n 153._o palladius_n a_o grecian_a be_v likewise_o appoint_v by_o celestine_n bishop_n of_o rome_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o scotland_n unto_o such_o there_o as_o yet_o remain_v in_o infidelity_n and_o to_o suppress_v the_o pelagian_a heresy_n new_o spring_v up_o in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o chief_a bishop_n of_o the_o church_n there_o for_o which_o purpose_n also_o patricius_n surname_v magonius_fw-la bear_v in_o britain_n be_v send_v to_o the_o irish_a and_o scotch_a man_n that_o then_o dwell_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o orcades_n and_o hebrides_n these_o three_o religious_a father_n be_v much_o honour_v in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o reverend_a opinion_n which_o most_o man_n have_v of_o their_o learning_n and_o integrity_n of_o life_n and_o they_o be_v account_v the_o apostle_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o scotish_n irish_a and_o pictish_a nation_n as_o be_v the_o several_a instrument_n of_o the_o general_a conversion_n of_o each_o of_o they_o within_o few_o year_n after_o the_o britain_n be_v again_o hot_o pursue_v by_o the_o scotchman_n and_o pict_n who_o swarm_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n take_v from_o the_o britain_n for_o a_o time_n all_o opportunity_n of_o convening_n and_o assemble_v themselves_o together_o as_o in_o former_a danger_n they_o have_v be_v accustom_v whereby_o no_o small_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n despair_v of_o better_a success_n retire_v themselves_o give_v way_n unto_o the_o present_a necessity_n while_o each_o man_n as_o in_o common_a calamity_n oft_o time_n it_o fall_v out_o lay_v aside_o the_o care_n of_o the_o public_a make_v provision_n for_o his_o own_o safety_n leave_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o take_v and_o kill_v such_o as_o resist_v some_o of_o the_o britain_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o own_o house_n and_o possession_n fall_v to_o rob_v one_o another_o increase_a their_o outward_a trouble_n with_o inward_a tumult_n and_o civil_a dissension_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o sustain_v they_o but_o what_o they_o get_v by_o hunt_v and_o kill_v of_o wild_a beast_n other_o bury_v their_o treasure_n under_o ground_n whereof_o great_a store_n have_v be_v find_v in_o this_o age_n 158._o brit._n hist_o l._n 3._o fol._n 158._o do_v flee_v themselves_o either_o into_o the_o country_n of_o the_o southwales_n the_o southwales_n silures_n and_o north-wales_n and_o north-wales_n ordâ—nices_n and_o into_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o isle_n where_o the_o devonshire_n the_o cornwall_n &_o devonshire_n damonians_n then_o inhabit_v or_o else_o into_o amorica_n in_o france_n the_o rest_n be_v hem_v in_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o their_o enemy_n on_o the_o other_o send_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o aid_n which_o they_o can_v not_o obtain_v for_o that_o the_o goth_n and_o hunns_n invade_v gallia_n and_o italy_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v draw_v thither_o for_o defence_n of_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n now_o decline_v with_o the_o empire_n and_o shrink_v under_o the_o burden_n of_o barbarous_a oppression_n the_o britain_n send_v ambassador_n again_o to_o aetius_n the_o precedent_n in_o gallia_n desire_v he_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n declare_v withal_o that_o themselves_o be_v the_o small_a remnant_n which_o survive_v after_o the_o slaughter_n of_o so_o many_o thousand_o who_o either_o the_o sword_n or_o the_o sea_n have_v consume_v for_o the_o barbarous_a enemy_n drive_v they_o upon_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n again_o upon_o the_o enemy_n between_o both_o which_o they_o suffer_v two_o kind_n of_o death_n as_o be_v either_o kill_v or_o drown_v that_o it_o import_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n to_o protect_v they_o who_o have_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n live_v under_o their_o obedience_n and_o be_v now_o plunge_v into_o the_o depth_n of_o intolerable_a misery_n for_o beside_o the_o calamity_n of_o war_n both_o civil_a and_o foreign_a at_o one_o instant_a they_o be_v afflict_v with_o dearth_n and_o famine_n which_o force_v they_o sometime_o to_o yield_v themselves_o to_o the_o merciless_a enemy_n but_o their_o complaint_n avail_v nothing_o for_o the_o roman_n plain_o deny_v to_o send_v they_o any_o more_o succour_n whereof_o the_o scotishman_n and_o pict_n be_v certain_o advertise_v and_o know_v how_o small_a a_o number_n of_o able_a man_n remain_v in_o the_o province_n to_o withstand_v their_o attempt_n assail_v first_o such_o place_n of_o strength_n as_o guard_v the_o border_n and_o afterward_o enter_v the_o province_n itself_o where_o by_o continual_a course_n of_o conquest_n they_o find_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o isle_n spoil_v the_o people_n of_o their_o wealth_n burn_v their_o city_n and_o bring_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o under_o a_o miserable_a servitude_n thus_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o roman_n first_o entrance_n and_o four_o hundred_o forty_o six_o after_o our_o saviour_n birth_n the_o isle_n of_o britain_n which_o have_v be_v not_o only_o the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o also_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n itself_o and_o the_o seminary_n of_o soldier_n send_v out_o into_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o honorius_n bereave_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o her_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o leave_v a_o prey_n to_o barbarous_a nation_n shrewsbury_n shrewsbury_n be_v the_o principal_a town_n in_o shâ—opshire_n and_o stand_v neat_o upon_o a_o hill_n and_o iâ—_n almost_o encompass_v round_o by_o the_o river_n severus_n that_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v not_o fence_v by_o the_o river_n be_v fortify_v by_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n build_v by_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n the_o first_o earl_n thereof_o a_o fair_a and_o goodly_a town_n it_o be_v well_o trade_v and_o frequent_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o welsh_a and_o english_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o gloath_n and_o other_o merchandise_n this_o be_v the_o commont_n mart_n and_o empory_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o very_a midst_n or_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o general_o be_v inferior_a to_o none_o about_o it_o for_o delight_n and_o plenty_n for_o the_o number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n stand_v exceed_o thick_a on_o every_o side_n as_o have_v former_o be_v a_o frontier_n country_n very_o far_o above_o they_o it_o belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o cornavii_n and_o at_o the_o norman_a conquest_n be_v bestow_v on_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n who_o first_o make_v it_o â—eminent_a and_o with_o his_o successor_n and_o sinâ—e_v they_o the_o honourable_a family_n of_o the_o talbot_n enjoy_v the_o style_n and_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n 1._o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n 2._o hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n 3._o robert_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n 4._o john_n talbot_z marshal_z of_o france_n create_v earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n by_o k._n h._n 6._o 5._o john_n talbot_n l._n tre._n 6._o john_n talbot_z 7._o geo._n talbot_n 8._o francis_z talbot_z 9_o geo._n talbot_n 10._o gilbert_n talbot_n 11._o edward_z talbot_z 12._o geo._n talbot_n 13._o john_n talbot_z now_o live_v and_o earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n 1661._o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n thomas_z stanley_z earl_n of_o derby_n knight_n of_o the_o garter_n etc._n etc._n elinor_n daughter_n to_o richard_n nevil_n earl_n of_o salisbury_n tho._n earl_n of_o derby_n etc._n etc._n anne_n daughter_n to_o ed._n l._n hastings_n which_o family_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n as_o shall_v appear_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n edward_n earl_n of_o derby_n etc._n etc._n dorothea_n daughter_n to_o thomas_n howward_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n by_o which_o march_n this_o honourable_a family_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n as_o in_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n henry_n earl_n of_o derby_n etc._n etc._n margaret_z daughter_z to_z henry_n clifford_z earl_n of_o cumberland_n and_o elinor_n his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o coheir_n to_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o mary_n queen_n of_o france_n
the_o cause_n end_v this_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a for_o this_o time_n some_o author_n write_v that_o lhewelin_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_v who_o be_v after_o prince_n of_o wales_n assisted_z edmund_z a_o saxon_a king_n and_o enter_v cumberland_n take_v the_o two_o son_n of_o dummaille_n king_n of_o the_o province_n put_v out_o their_o eye_n and_o then_o give_v that_o country_n to_o malcolme_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o with_o condition_n to_o keep_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o realm_n from_o incursion_n of_o enemy_n the_o which_o condition_n be_v afterward_o but_o slender_o perform_v this_o malcome_n be_v the_o son_n of_o donald_n king_n of_o scotland_n and_o be_v the_o next_o king_n after_o constantine_n the_o three_o be_v in_o number_n the_o 76._o in_o the_o year_n 942._o die_v hubert_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v marclois_fw-fr bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o vssa_n the_o son_n of_o lhavyr_n die_v the_o year_n 944._o the_o englishman_n enter_v wales_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o spoil_v strad_n clwid_v and_o return_v home_o at_o which_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o elise_n be_v put_v in_o danger_n of_o death_n by_o poison_n and_o everus_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 948_o die_v howel_n dha_n the_o noble_a and_o worthy_a king_n or_o prince_n of_o wales_n who_o death_n be_v much_o lament_v by_o all_o man_n for_o he_o be_v a_o prince_n that_o love_a peace_n and_o good_a order_n and_o that_o fear_v god_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o four_o son_n owen_n run_z roderike_n and_o edwin_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n there_o ensue_v great_a war_n for_o the_o chief_a rule_n of_o wales_n as_o shall_v appear_v in_o the_o history_n follow_v after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n do_v divide_v southwales_n and_o powis_n betwixt_o they_o and_o janaf_a and_o jago_n the_o second_o and_o three_o son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n rule_v north_n wales_n because_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n be_v not_o a_o man_n worthy_a to_o rule_v who_o come_v of_o the_o elder_a house_n will_v have_v have_v the_o chief_a rule_n of_o all_o wales_n which_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n deny_v they_o and_o thereupon_o jago_n or_o james_n and_o janaf_n enter_v southwales_n with_o a_o great_a power_n against_o who_o come_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n and_o his_o brethren_n and_o fight_v together_o at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n where_o jago_n and_o janaf_n have_v the_o victory_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o say_a brethren_n do_v twice_o enter_v into_o southwales_n and_o spoil_v dinet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n thereof_o and_o within_o a_o while_n after_o die_v roderike_n one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n year_n 952_o in_o the_o year_n 952._o the_o son_n of_o howel_n gather_v their_o strength_n together_o against_o janaf_n and_o jago_n and_o enter_v their_o land_n at_o the_o river_n of_o conwy_n where_o they_o fight_v a_o cruel_a battle_n at_o a_o place_n call_v gurgustu_n or_o lhanrwst_n as_o some_o think_v where_o a_o great_a number_n be_v slay_v upon_o either_o side_n as_o anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n or_o vriel_n the_o son_n of_o roderike_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n in_o the_o which_o battle_n be_v overthrow_v the_o son_n of_o howel_n who_o janaf_n &_o jago_n pursue_v to_o caerdigan_n &_o destroy_v their_o country_n with_o fire_n &_o sword_n about_o this_o time_n yarthyr_n the_o son_n of_o mervyn_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o year_n 958_o be_v a_o wonderful_a hot_a summer_n when_o gwyan_n the_o son_n of_o gwiriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderike_n die_v after_o the_o which_o heat_n there_o follow_v a_o great_a plague_n in_o march_n ensue_v in_o those_o day_n jago_n and_o janaf_n by_o force_n and_o strength_n rule_v all_o wales_n as_o they_o think_v good_a and_o yet_o for_o all_o their_o power_n abloic_a king_n of_o ireland_n land_v in_o môn_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n spoil_v the_o country_n of_o lhyyn_n year_n 961_o in_o the_o year_n 961_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n be_v slay_v after_o they_o have_v destroy_v all_o the_o country_n to_o towyn_n about_o this_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadvan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n depart_v out_o of_o this_o transitory_a life_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v exceed_o spoil_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v the_o not_o payment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o abersfraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n in_o the_o end_n there_o be_v a_o peace_n conclude_v w._n jo._n cast_v holl._n pag._n 232._o wolf_n destroy_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o w._n for_o king_n edgar_n understanding_n what_o hurt_v the_o country_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n receive_v daily_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n of_o wolf_n that_o then_o abound_v especial_o in_o wales_n which_o destroy_v much_o sheep_n and_o otherways_o do_v great_a harm_n release_v the_o tribute_n of_o money_n appoint_v by_o the_o say_a law_n of_o howel_n dha_n and_o bind_v the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n to_o pay_v he_o yearly_o certain_a wolf_n for_o his_o tribute_n &_o so_o to_o be_v release_v of_o the_o other_o tribute_n in_o money_n which_o the_o say_a prince_n perform_v until_o he_o have_v leave_v never_o a_o wolf_n in_o all_o wales_n or_o england_n year_n 966_o in_o the_o year_n 966._o roderike_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o irishman_n by_o who_o abersfraw_n be_v destroy_v the_o next_o year_n after_o fell_a a_o great_a debate_n betwixt_o the_o two_o son_n of_o edwal_n jago_n and_o janaf_n which_o have_v rule_v joint_o together_o from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n till_o that_o time_n and_o short_o after_o jago_n have_v take_v his_o brother_n janaf_a by_o force_n very_o cruel_o keep_v he_o in_o prison_n a_o long_a time_n about_o the_o which_o time_n eneon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o southwales_n wan_a &_o seize_v to_o himself_o the_o land_n of_o gwyr_n and_o in_o the_o year_n â—69_n machis_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n do_v enter_v into_o anglesey_n and_o spoil_v 〈◊〉_d year_n 969_o theâ—â—_n â—â—â—nes_n be_v suffer_v by_o edgar_n to_o inhabit_v quiet_o through_o all_o england_n till_o they_o â—â—re_v as_o strong_a as_o the_o englishman_n and_o then_o they_o fall_v to_o such_o riotousness_n and_o drink_v that_o â—â—ch_a mischief_n ensue_v thereof_o drink_n a_o law_n against_o immoderate_a drink_n whereupon_o edgar_n make_v a_o law_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o cause_v a_o certain_a mark_n to_o be_v set_v in_o every_o pot_n how_o deep_o they_o shall_v drink_v and_o so_o by_o these_o mean_v he_o somewhat_o stay_v the_o immoderate_a ingurgation_n not_o long_o after_o that_o godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n do_v subdue_v to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o he_o enjoy_v not_o long_a year_n 972_o king_n edgar_n likewise_o in_o the_o year_n 972_o do_v send_v a_o great_a army_n to_o gaâ—â—â—â—on_n upon_o vsk_v which_o short_o turn_v back_o without_o do_v any_o notable_a act_n vsk_n caerleon_n upon_o vsk_n the_o next_o year_n follow_v howel_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n raise_v a_o great_a power_n against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o his_o father_n out_o of_o prison_n and_o overcome_v his_o uncle_n in_o fight_n who_o he_o chase_v out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n and_o put_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n and_o keep_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o he_o die_v short_o after_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonaval_n of_o the_o which_o edwal_n come_v afterward_o the_o most_o worthy_a prince_n of_o wales_n howel_n notwithstanding_o he_o have_v set_v his_o father_n at_o liberty_n yet_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o whole_a rule_n of_o the_o land_n for_o his_o life-time_n he_o have_v three_o brethren_n all_o man_n of_o great_a estimation_n meyrich_n janaf_a and_o cadwallon_n who_o line_n shall_v ensue_v hereafter_o howel_n son_n of_o janaf_n after_o that_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n from_o the_o land_n rome_n dunwalhon_n go_v to_o rome_n he_o take_v the_o rule_n to_o himself_o and_o at_o that_o time_n dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o strad_n cwlyd_v take_v his_o journey_n to_o rome_n then_o die_v edwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n year_n 976_o the_o year_n 976_o eneon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n king_n of_o southwales_n destroy_v the_o land_n of_o gwyr_n the_o second_o time_n the_o year_n ensue_v howel_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n with_o a_o great_a army_n both_o of_o welshman_n
and_o englishman_n make_v war_n against_o such_o as_o succour_v and_o defend_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o spoil_v the_o country_n of_o lhyyn_n and_o kelynnoc_n vawr_n whereby_o short_o after_o jago_n be_v take_v by_o howel_n man_n who_o enjoy_v his_o part_n of_o the_o land_n peaceable_o year_n 979_o about_o the_o year_n 979._o edwal_n vachan_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n be_v slay_v by_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o this_o time_n custenym_n dhu_n that_o be_v constantine_n the_o black_a son_n to_o jago_n which_o then_o be_v prisoner_n hire_v godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n with_o his_o dane_n against_o his_o cousin_n and_o they_o both_o together_o destroy_v anglesey_n and_o lhyyn_n whereupon_o howel_n gather_v his_o army_n together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gwath_n hirbarth_n overthrow_v they_o where_o constantine_n be_v slay_v year_n 981_o the_o year_n 981._o godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n gather_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v west_n wales_n where_o spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o dynet_n with_o the_o church_n of_o st._n david_n he_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanwanoc_n likewise_o in_o the_o year_n next_o ensue_v duke_n alfred_n with_o a_o army_n of_o englishman_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v brechnock_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o southwales_n against_o who_o eneon_n the_o son_n of_o the_o say_v owen_n and_o howel_n king_n of_o north-wales_n do_v raise_v all_o their_o power_n and_o overthrow_v they_o in_o battle_n where_o the_o great_a part_n of_o alfred_n army_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o gentleman_n of_o gwentland_n rebel_v against_o their_o prince_n and_o cruel_o slay_v eneon_n the_o soâ—_n of_o owen_n which_o come_v thither_o to_o appease_v they_o this_o eneon_n be_v a_o worthy_a and_o noble_a gentleman_n who_o do_v many_o notable_a act_n in_o his_o father_n time_n and_o leave_v behind_o two_o son_n edwin_n and_o theodor_n or_o tewdor_n mawr_z of_o who_o come_v afterward_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o southwales_n in_o the_o year_n 984._o howel_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_a king_n of_o wales_n entered_z england_z with_o a_o army_n where_o he_o be_v fight_v and_o slay_v valiant_o fight_v this_o howel_n have_v no_o son_n but_o his_o brethren_n reign_v in_o his_o place_n cadwallon_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n his_o brother_n cadwallon_n the_o second_o son_n of_o janaf_n take_v in_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n and_o first_o make_v war_n with_o jonaval_a his_o cofin_n the_o son_n of_o meyric_n and_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o land_n and_o slay_v he_o but_o edwal_n the_o young_a brother_n escape_v away_o secret_o the_o year_n follow_v meredyth_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o southwales_n with_o all_o his_o people_n enter_v into_o north-wales_n and_o in_o fight_n slay_v cadwallon_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n and_o meyric_n his_o brother_n and_o conquer_v the_o land_n to_o himself_o wherein_o a_o man_n may_v see_v how_o god_n punish_v the_o wrong_n which_o jago_n and_o janaf_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n voel_n do_v to_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyrick_n who_o be_v first_o disinherit_v and_o afterward_o his_o eye_n put_v out_o and_o one_o of_o his_o son_n slay_v for_o first_o janaf_n be_v imprison_v by_o jago_n than_o jago_n with_o his_o son_n constantine_n by_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o janaf_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a howel_n with_o his_o brethren_n cadwallon_n and_o meyric_n be_v slay_v and_o spoil_v of_o their_o land_n meredyth_n the_o son_n of_o ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n year_n 986_o this_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n havingslain_a cadwallon_n obtain_v the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 986._o godfrid_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n the_o three_o time_n enter_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n where_o have_v take_v lywarck_o the_o son_n of_o owen_n with_o two_o thousand_o prisoner_n beside_o he_o cruel_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n whereupon_o meredyth_n the_o prince_n with_o the_o rest_n escape_v and_o flee_v to_o cardigan_n and_o the_o same_o year_n there_o be_v a_o great_a murrain_n of_o cattle_n throughout_o all_o wales_n year_n 987_o in_o the_o year_n 987._o die_v janaf_a the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o have_v live_v many_o year_n a_o private_a life_n the_o same_o year_n also_o die_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n prince_n of_o southwales_n this_o owen_n have_v three_o son_n eneon_n which_o die_v in_o his_o father_n life_n time_n lhywarck_v which_o lose_v both_o his_o eye_n and_o meredyth_n which_o as_o â—â—fore_o be_v declare_v have_v win_v north-wales_n and_o after_o his_o father_n death_n take_v also_o into_o his_o possession_n all_o southwales_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o his_o brother_n eneon_n his_o son_n edwin_n and_o theodor_n or_o tewdor_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o dane_n sail_v from_o hampton_n alongst_o the_o sea_n coast_n army_n the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n spoil_v devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o so_o at_o last_o land_v in_o southwales_n and_o destroy_v saint_n david_n lanbadarn_n lhanrystid_n and_o lhandydock_n which_o be_v all_o place_n of_o religion_n and_o do_v so_o much_o hurt_v in_o the_o country_n beside_o that_o to_o be_v rid_v of_o they_o meredyth_n be_v fain_o to_o agree_v with_o they_o and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o penny_n for_o every_o man_n within_o his_o land_n which_o be_v call_v the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n year_n 989_o the_o year_n 989._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o dyfnwal_n be_v slay_v within_o a_o year_n after_o meredith_n king_n of_o wales_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o radnor_n at_o which_o time_n his_o nephew_n edwin_n the_o son_n of_o encon_n have_v to_o his_o aid_n duke_n adelf_n and_o a_o great_a army_n of_o englishman_n and_o dane_n spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o meredith_n in_o southwales_n as_o caerdigan_n dynet_n gwyr_n kydwch_n and_o saint_n david_n where_o edwin_n take_v pledge_n of_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o those_o country_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o meredith_n with_o his_o people_n do_v spoil_v glamorgan_n so_o that_o no_o place_n be_v free_a from_o sword_n and_o fire_n but_o at_o the_o last_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n fall_v to_o a_o agreement_n and_o be_v make_v friend_n soon_o after_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n die_v meredith_n be_v thus_o employ_v have_v so_o much_o to_o do_v in_o southwales_n that_o north-wales_n lie_v open_a for_o the_o enemy_n which_o thing_n when_o the_o dane_n perceive_v they_o arrive_v in_o anglisey_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a isle_n 992._o matth._n west_n pag._n 383._o jâ—a_n castor_n 992._o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n receive_v edwal_n the_o son_n of_o meyric_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n for_o their_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 992._o after_o these_o great_a trouble_n there_o follow_v within_o a_o year_n after_o such_o famine_n and_o scarcity_n in_o southwales_n that_o many_o perish_v for_o want_n of_o food_n edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n this_o edwal_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n study_v to_o keep_v and_o defend_v his_o people_n from_o injury_n and_o wrong_n but_o meredith_n gather_v together_o all_o his_o power_n intend_v to_o recover_v again_o north-wales_n with_o who_o edwal_n meet_v at_o lhagwm_n and_o overthrow_v he_o in_o plain_a battle_n where_o theodor_n or_o tewdor_n manor_n meredith_n his_o nephew_n be_v slay_v who_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n rees_n and_o rytherck_n and_o a_o daughter_n call_v elen._n a_o little_a after_o this_o swain_n the_o son_n of_o haroald_n destroy_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n and_o enter_v into_o north-wales_n slay_v edwal_n the_o prince_n thereof_o who_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v jago_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 998._o the_o dane_n come_v again_o to_o saint_n david_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o there_o they_o slay_v morgency_n or_o rather_o vrgency_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v the_o same_o year_n also_o die_v meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o wales_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o only_a daughter_n call_v angharad_n which_o be_v marry_v to_o lewellin_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o convyn_n hirdref_n or_o as_o other_o do_v think_v to_o convyn_n ap_fw-mi gwerystan_n who_o have_v child_n by_o either_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o much_o war_n and_o mischief_n in_o wales_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o blegor_v the_o death_n of_o both_o these_o prince_n forsomuch_o as_o meredith_n have_v no_o issue_n male_a and_o edwal_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o child_n within_o year_n not_o able_a to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v cause_v much_o trouble_n to_o ensue_v for_o in_o north-wales_n divers_a do_v aspire_v
castle_n of_o ridcor_n and_o other_o castle_n thereabouts_o see_v they_o can_v not_o have_v the_o upperhand_n of_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n in_o open_a fight_n fall_v to_o their_o accustom_a practice_n of_o treason_n and_o so_o obtain_v their_o purpose_n in_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v one_o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n who_o have_v nurse_v a_o son_n to_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o therefore_o very_a well_o trust_v and_o belove_v of_o he_o as_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n be_v treason_n a_o odious_a &_o detestable_a treason_n this_o traitor_n be_v corrupt_v by_o the_o norman_n procure_v his_o master_n death_n invite_v he_o one_o night_n to_o his_o house_n to_o make_v merry_a whether_o he_o come_v willing_o then_o gwgan_n give_v notice_n to_o the_o garrisous_n of_o the_o castle_n who_o in_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n enter_v the_o town_n and_o come_v about_o the_o house_n give_v a_o great_a shout_n which_o awake_v howel_n who_o courageous_o leap_v out_o of_o his_o bed_n and_o seek_v his_o weapon_n but_o the_o traitor_n gwgan_n have_v convey_v they_o away_o when_o he_o be_v asleep_a then_o he_o call_v for_o his_o man_n but_o they_o be_v all_o flee_v to_o save_v their_o life_n and_o as_o he_o will_v have_v get_v away_o nation_n the_o welshman_n still_o overthrow_v by_o their_o own_o nation_n he_o be_v take_v by_o gwgan_n and_o his_o company_n and_o strangle_v which_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o ridcor_n and_o this_o traitorous_a murder_n of_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n be_v leave_v unpunished_a for_o whatsoever_o fault_n the_o norman_n commit_v be_v always_o wink_v at_o and_o if_o the_o welshman_n do_v never_o so_o little_o offend_v the_o law_n of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v think_v a_o most_o heinous_a and_o unpardonable_a crime_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o afterward_o they_o rebel_v against_o the_o king_n who_o seek_v nothing_o but_o their_o utter_a destruction_n about_o this_o time_n meirick_n and_o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o trabern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n another_o easie_n for_o a_o enemy_n to_o overcome_v where_o the_o native_n destroy_v one_o another_o be_v both_o slay_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n break_v the_o prison_n where_o he_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n and_o recover_v again_o his_o own_o inheritance_n which_o he_o enjoy_v in_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n the_o year_n 1108._o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v overflow_v and_o drown_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o low-countries_n of_o flanders_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o seek_v new_a dwelling_n and_o place_n of_o abode_n who_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o give_v they_o some_o void_a place_n to_o remain_v in_o who_o be_v very_o liberal_a of_o that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o his_o own_o give_v they_o the_o land_n of_o ros_n in_o dynet_n or_o westwales_n where_o pembroke_n tenby_n and_o hanerford_n be_v now_o build_v and_o there_o they_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n as_o well_o may_v be_v perceive_v by_o their_o speech_n and_o condition_n far_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o the_o country_n at_o that_o time_n gerald_n the_o steward_n die_v who_o build_v again_o the_o castle_n of_o pembroke_n in_o a_o place_n call_v congarth_n vechan_n and_o bring_v thither_o all_o his_o householdstuff_n and_o other_o good_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n then_o also_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n make_v a_o great_a feast_n in_o christmas_n day_n christmas_n observe_v in_o those_o day_n and_o invite_v all_o the_o lord_n of_o his_o country_n to_o his_o house_n in_o dynet_n among_o who_o come_v owem_v his_o son_n who_o be_v at_o his_o father_n house_n and_o hear_v nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n steward_n of_o pembroke_n praise_v above_o all_o the_o woman_n in_o the_o land_n he_o be_v inflame_v with_o a_o desire_n to_o behold_v she_o and_o forasmuch_o as_o gladis_n daughter_n of_o rees_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n or_o tewdor_n and_o mother_n to_o nest_n be_v daughter_n to_o rywalhon_n ap_fw-mi convin_n and_o cozen_v germane_a to_o cadogan_n his_o father_n he_o with_o a_o few_o under_o the_o colour_n of_o friendship_n or_o cozenage_n go_v to_o see_v she_o and_o find_v the_o truth_n to_o surmount_v the_o fame_n he_o come_v home_o wound_v with_o love_n and_o in_o that_o dote_a humour_n the_o same_o night_n return_v thither_o again_o with_o a_o crew_n of_o wild_a companion_n or_o hector_n enter_v the_o castle_n private_o and_o compass_v the_o chamber_n about_o and_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n which_o awake_v gerald_n and_o his_o wife_n who_o will_v have_v issue_v out_o to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o noise_n but_o his_o wife_n fear_v some_o treason_n impeach_v he_o and_o advise_v he_o to_o go_v to_o the_o prince_n where_o draw_v up_o the_o board_n she_o help_v he_o out_o that_o way_n which_o do_v she_o come_v to_o the_o chamber_n door_n and_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o she_o and_o her_o child_n yet_o they_o force_v in_o and_o seek_v round_o about_o but_o not_o find_v he_o they_o seize_v on_o she_o and_o her_o two_o son_n and_o a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n bear_v by_o a_o concubine_n to_o gerald_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o to_o powis_n and_o burn_v the_o castle_n they_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n when_o cadogan_n understand_v this_o rumour_n he_o be_v much_o displease_v fear_v the_o king_n heavy_a displeasure_n and_o forthwith_o go_v to_o powis_n and_o command_v his_o son_n to_o send_v to_o gerald_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o his_o good_n but_o owen_n by_o no_o mean_n will_v depart_v with_o the_o lady_n yet_o at_o her_o request_n he_o send_v unto_o gerald_n his_o child_n again_o and_o when_o richard_n bishop_n of_o london_n ruin_n the_o welsh_a still_o make_v author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n who_o the_o king_n have_v appoint_v warden_n of_o the_o marsh_n be_v at_o shrewsbury_n hear_v of_o this_o he_o be_v high_o offend_v and_o send_v for_o ithel_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o kyrid_a ap_fw-mi blethyn_n to_o who_o he_o promise_v rich_a gift_n and_o great_a reward_n beside_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o country_n if_o they_o can_v take_v or_o kill_v owen_n to_o revenge_v the_o dishonour_n that_o he_o have_v do_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o they_o he_o add_v lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o traburne_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o two_o brother_n owen_n have_v slay_v and_o vchtrid_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n which_o four_o promise_v the_o bishop_n to_o bring_v he_o owen_n and_o his_o father_n either_o alive_a or_o dead_a and_o thereupon_o forthwith_o gather_v their_o power_n to_o destroy_v the_o whole_a country_n but_o vchtryd_v send_v word_n private_o before_o that_o all_o such_o of_o the_o people_n as_o will_v have_v their_o life_n save_v shall_v come_v to_o he_o and_o when_o the_o country_n hear_v this_o some_o flee_v to_o arust_o some_o tâ—_n melienith_n and_o some_o to_o stradtywy_a and_o some_o to_o dynet_n where_o gerald_n be_v destroy_v the_o country_n and_o at_o that_o time_n walter_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n gather_v a_o army_n to_o defend_v caermarthyn_n and_o meet_v with_o such_o as_o flee_v to_o arust_o and_z mehenyth_n and_o destroy_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o those_o that_o go_v to_o stradtywy_n be_v gentle_o receive_v by_o meredyth_n ap_fw-mi rytherck_n and_o vchtryd_v save_v all_o such_o as_o come_v unto_o he_o and_o thus_o these_o four_o come_v with_o their_o power_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o think_v best_a to_o have_v enter_v the_o country_n by_o night_n for_o fear_n of_o ambuscado_n and_o to_o take_v cadogan_n and_o owen_n unaware_o but_o vchtryd_v dissuade_v they_o from_o that_o stratagem_n counsel_v they_o to_o enter_v by_o day_n with_o their_o man_n in_o good_a order_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cadogan_n and_o owen_n get_v a_o ship_n at_o aberystwyth_n which_o be_v late_o come_v from_o ireland_n and_o escape_v away_o so_o that_o the_o day_n after_o when_o they_o enter_v the_o land_n they_o find_v none_o of_o those_o who_o they_o seek_v for_o lay_v all_o the_o fault_n upon_o vchtryd_v therefore_o they_o burn_v and_o plunder_v all_o the_o country_n except_o the_o sanctuary_n of_o padam_n and_o lhandhewi_n breni_fw-la yet_o they_o take_v divers_a man_n out_o of_o those_o place_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o prisoner_n and_o thus_o return_v to_o their_o castle_n again_o owen_n with_o such_o as_o have_v be_v with_o he_o at_o the_o rape_n of_o the_o lady_n and_o fire_v the_o castle_n flee_v for_o ireland_n to_o king_n murcard_n who_o receive_v he_o with_o great_a expression_n of_o joy_n for_o he_o have_v be_v there_o before_o in_o time_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o two_o earl_n in_o anglesey_n or_o môn_n and_o have_v bring_v the_o king_n rich_a gift_n from_o wales_n but_o
the_o altar_n we_o hope_v that_o your_o fatherhood_n and_o the_o say_a court_n of_o rome_n will_v rather_o with_o pity_n lament_v our_o case_n than_o with_o rigour_n of_o punishment_n augment_v our_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v in_o any_o wise_a disquiet_v or_o trouble_v by_o our_o mean_n as_o be_v affirm_v so_o that_o we_o may_v have_v the_o peace_n due_o keep_v and_o observe_v towards_o we_o and_o our_o people_n who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v delight_v with_o bloodshed_n and_o war_n be_v manifest_o apparent_a by_o their_o deed_n and_o behaviour_n for_o we_o will_v live_v quiet_o upon_o our_o own_o if_o we_o may_v be_v suffer_v but_o the_o englishman_n come_v to_o our_o country_n do_v put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n neither_o spare_a sex_n age_n or_o sickness_n or_o any_o thing_n regard_v church_n or_o sacred_a place_n the_o like_a whereof_o the_o welshman_n never_o commit_v that_o one_o have_v pay_v his_o ransom_n be_v afterward_o slay_v we_o be_v right_o sorry_a to_o hear_v of_o it_o neither_o do_v we_o maintain_v the_o offender_n who_o escape_v our_o hand_n keep_v himself_o as_o a_o outlaw_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o unknown_a place_n that_o some_o begin_v the_o war_n in_o a_o time_n not_o meet_v or_o convenient_a that_o understand_v not_o we_o of_o till_o now_o and_o yet_o they_o who_o do_v the_o same_o do_v affirm_v that_o in_o case_n they_o have_v not_o do_v as_o they_o do_v at_o that_o time_n they_o have_v be_v slay_v or_o take_v prisoner_n be_v not_o in_o safety_n in_o their_o own_o house_n and_o force_v continual_o for_o safeguard_n of_o their_o life_n to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o armour_n and_o therefore_o to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o that_o fear_n they_o take_v that_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n concern_v those_o thing_n which_o we_o commit_v against_o god_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o grace_n lhewelyn_n a_o true_a christian_a resolution_n in_o lhewelyn_n we_o will_v as_o it_o become_v christian_n repent_v and_o turn_v unto_o he_o neither_o shall_v the_o war_n on_o our_o part_n be_v continue_v so_o that_o we_o be_v save_v harmless_a and_o may_v live_v as_o we_o ought_v but_o before_o we_o be_v disinherit_v or_o slay_v we_o must_v defend_v ourselves_o as_o well_o as_o we_o may_v of_o all_o injury_n and_o wrong_n do_v by_o we_o we_o be_v most_o willing_a and_o ready_a upon_o the_o due_a examination_n and_o trial_n of_o the_o trespass_n and_o wrong_v commit_v on_o both_o side_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n so_o that_o the_o like_a on_o the_o king_n side_n be_v perform_v in_o like_a manner_n towards_o we_o and_o our_o people_n and_o to_o conclude_v and_o establish_v a_o peace_n we_o be_v most_o ready_a but_o what_o peace_n can_v be_v establish_v when_o as_o the_o king_n charter_n so_o solemn_o confirm_v be_v not_o keep_v and_o perform_v our_o people_n be_v daily_o oppress_v with_o new_a exaction_n we_o send_v unto_o you_o also_o a_o note_n in_o write_v of_o the_o wrong_n &_o injury_n which_o be_v do_v unto_o we_o contrary_a to_o that_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n before_o make_v we_o have_v put_v ourselves_o in_o armour_n be_v drive_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n for_o we_o and_o our_o people_n be_v so_o oppress_v tread_v under_o foot_n spoil_v and_o bring_v to_o slavery_n by_o the_o king_n officer_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n conclude_v against_o justice_n none_o otherwise_o then_o if_o we_o be_v saracen_n or_o jew_n whereof_o we_o have_v oftentimes_o complain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o never_o can_v get_v any_o redress_n but_o always_o those_o officer_n be_v afterward_o more_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a against_o we_o and_o when_o those_o officer_n through_o their_o ravine_n and_o extortion_n be_v enrich_v other_o more_o hungry_a than_o they_o be_v send_v afresh_o to_o flay_v those_o who_o the_o other_o have_v shear_v before_o so_o that_o the_o people_n wish_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o to_o live_v in_o such_o oppression_n and_o now_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o levy_v any_o army_n to_o war_n upon_o we_o or_o move_v the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n against_o we_o so_o that_o the_o peace_n may_v be_v observe_v due_o and_o true_o as_o before_o be_v express_v neither_o ought_v your_o holy_a fatherhood_n to_o give_v credit_n to_o all_o that_o our_o adversary_n do_v allege_v against_o we_o for_o even_o as_o in_o their_o deed_n they_o have_v and_o do_v oppress_v we_o so_o in_o their_o word_n they_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o slander_v we_o lay_v to_o our_o charge_n what_o like_v they_o best_o therefore_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v always_o present_a with_o you_o and_o we_o absent_a from_o you_o they_o oppress_v we_o oppress_v we_o be_v to_o desire_v you_o even_o for_o his_o sake_n from_o who_o nothing_o be_v hide_v not_o to_o credit_v man_n word_n but_o to_o examine_v their_o deed_n thus_o we_o bid_v your_o holiness_n farewell_o date_v at_o garth_n celyn_n in_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n martin_n certain_a grief_n send_v from_o lhewelyn_n to_o the_o archbishop_n translate_v word_n by_o word_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o the_o say_a archbishop_n where_o that_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n conclude_v as_o follow_v 1._o if_o the_o say_v lhewelyn_n will_v claim_v any_o right_n in_o any_o land_n occupy_v by_o any_o other_o then_o by_o the_o lord_n the_o king_n without_o the_o say_v 4_o cantress_n the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n shall_v do_v he_o full_a justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o quarter_n or_o part_n where_o the_o say_v land_n do_v lie_v which_o article_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o the_o land_n of_o frust_o and_o betwixt_o the_o water_n of_o dyni_n and_o dulas_n for_o that_o when_o the_o say_v lhewelyn_n claim_v the_o say_v land_n before_o the_o lord_n the_o king_n at_o ruthlan_n and_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o the_o cause_n to_o be_v examine_v according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o advocate_n of_o the_o party_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o the_o judge_n which_o vulgar_o they_o call_v ynnayd_v before_o the_o king_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o say_a land_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o defendant_n appear_v and_o answer_v so_o that_o the_o same_o day_n the_o cause_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v full_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o appointment_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n who_o at_o his_o be_v at_o gloucester_n have_v assign_v the_o party_n the_o say_a day_n and_o though_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v in_o divers_a place_n often_o hear_v and_o examine_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o land_n be_v in_o north_n wales_n and_o never_o judge_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o the_o king_n but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n to_o prorogue_v the_o cause_n all_o that_o notwithstanding_o he_o prorogue_v the_o day_n of_o his_o own_o motion_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a law_n and_o at_o the_o last_o the_o say_v lhewelyn_n be_v call_v to_o divers_a place_n whither_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v call_v neither_o can_v he_o obtain_v justice_n nor_o any_o judgement_n unless_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a article_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o same_o be_v do_v at_o montgomery_n when_o the_o party_n be_v present_a in_o judgement_n and_o a_o day_n appoint_v to_o hear_v the_o sentence_n they_o prorogue_v the_o say_a day_n contrary_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a law_n and_o at_o the_o last_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o london_n deny_v he_o justice_n unless_o he_o will_v be_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o english_a law_n in_o the_o say_a matter_n 2._o all_o injury_n trespass_n and_o fault_n on_o either_o part_n do_v be_v clear_o remit_v unto_o this_o present_a day_n this_o article_n be_v not_o keep_v for_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o lord_n reginald_n grey_n be_v make_v justice_n he_o move_v divers_a and_o innumerable_a accusation_n against_o the_o man_n of_o tegengl_n and_o ros_n for_o trespass_n do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n when_o they_o bare_a rule_n in_o those_o part_n whereby_o the_o say_v man_n dare_v not_o for_o fear_n keep_v their_o own_o house_n 3._o whereas_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o rees_n vachan_n ap_fw-mi rees_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi shall_v enjoy_v his_o possession_n with_o all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o now_o hold_v etc._n etc._n after_o the_o peace_n conclude_v he_o be_v spoil_v of_o his_o land_n in_o geneurglyn_n which_o he_o then_o hold_v with_o the_o man_n and_o cattle_n of_o the_o same_o 4._o also_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n grant_v that_o all_o tenant_n hold_v land_n in_o the_o 4_o cantref_n or_o in_o other_o place_n which_o the_o king_n hold_v in_o
for_o the_o say_a ox_n 3_o s._n 4_o d._n 6._o item_n two_o servant_n of_o one_o name_v ybongan_n be_v spoil_v of_o 2_o l._n for_o that_o they_o take_v a_o thief_n that_o rob_v they_o by_o night_n and_o yet_o the_o thief_n be_v deliver_v 7._o item_n eneon_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n be_v take_v beat_v and_o spoil_v of_o two_o ox_n price_n 24_o s._n and_o 2_o d._n for_o this_o cause_n only_o that_o the_o say_a ox_n go_v from_o one_o street_n to_o another_o in_o the_o town_n 8._o item_n guyan_n maystran_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o money_n because_o a_o certain_a merchant_n of_o ardudwy_n owe_v they_o certain_a thing_n and_o yet_o the_o say_a merchant_n be_v not_o of_o their_o baliwicke_n the_o grief_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi heilyn_n 1_o a_o tenant_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi heilyn_n be_v call_v to_o the_o king_n court_n without_o any_o cause_n then_o grono_n come_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v to_o defend_v his_o tenant_n and_o demand_v justice_n for_o he_o or_o the_o law_n which_o the_o man_n of_o his_o country_n do_v use_v all_o this_o be_v deny_v the_o say_a tenant_n be_v condemn_v in_o 27_o l._n 1_o d._n ob_fw-la which_o cause_v the_o say_a grono_n to_o go_v to_o london_n for_o justice_n which_o be_v promise_v he_o but_o he_o can_v never_o have_v any_o where_o he_o spend_v in_o his_o journey_n 15_o mark_n 2._o a_o certain_a gentleman_n be_v slay_v who_o have_v foster_v the_o son_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi heilyn_n and_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o be_v take_v and_o bring_v to_o ruthlan_n castle_n then_o the_o say_v grono_n and_o the_o kindred_n of_o he_o that_o be_v slay_v ask_v justice_n but_o some_o of_o they_o be_v imprison_v and_o the_o killer_n discharge_v then_o grono_n go_v again_o to_o london_n for_o justice_n which_o the_o king_n do_v promise_v he_o but_o he_o never_o have_v any_o but_o spend_v 20_o mark_n 3._o the_o three_o time_n grono_n be_v fain_o to_o go_v to_o london_n for_o justice_n in_o the_o premise_n where_o he_o spend_v 18_o mark_n 6_o s._n 6_o d._n and_o then_o likewise_o the_o king_n promise_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v justice_n but_o when_o he_o certain_o believe_v to_o have_v justice_n reginald_n grey_n come_v into_o the_o country_n and_o say_v open_o that_o he_o have_v all_o do_n in_o that_o country_n by_o the_o king_n charter_n and_o take_v away_o all_o the_o baliwike_n which_o the_o king_n have_v give_v to_o the_o say_v grono_n and_o sell_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n then_o the_o say_v grono_n ask_v justice_n of_o the_o say_v reginald_n but_o he_o can_v not_o be_v hear_v 4._o the_o say_v grono_n take_v to_o farm_n for_o 4_o year_n of_o godfrey_n marliney_n maynan_n and_o lhyffayn_n then_o robert_n cruquer_n come_v with_o his_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o get_v the_o say_a land_n by_o force_n and_o for_o that_o grono_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o have_v the_o say_v land_n before_o his_o year_n be_v out_o he_o be_v call_v to_o the_o law_n and_o then_o the_o say_v reginald_n grey_n come_v with_o 24_o horse_n to_o take_v the_o say_v grono_n and_o for_o that_o that_o day_n they_o can_v not_o have_v their_o purpose_n they_o call_v grono_n the_o next_o day_n to_o ruthlan_n and_o than_o grono_n have_v council_n not_o to_o go_v to_o ruthlan_n then_o they_o call_v he_o again_o to_o answer_v at_o caerwys_n but_o the_o say_v grono_n dare_v not_o go_v thither_o but_o by_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n for_o that_o reginald_n grey_n be_v there_o and_o his_o man_n in_o harness_n 5._o for_o these_o grief_n for_o the_o which_o he_o can_v get_v no_o justice_n but_o labour_n and_o expense_n of_o 54_o mark_n and_o more_o and_o for_o that_o he_o dare_v not_o in_o his_o own_o person_n go_v to_o the_o court_n he_o send_v letter_n one_o to_o the_o king_n another_z to_o his_o brother_n lhewelyn_n to_o signify_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v lose_v all_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o country_n if_o he_o keep_v no_o promise_n with_o they_o and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v because_o the_o man_n of_o ros_n and_o englefield_n can_v get_v no_o justice_n the_o king_n neglect_v the_o correction_n of_o these_o thing_n lose_v the_o whole_a country_n humble_o show_v to_o your_o holiness_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o england_n the_o nobleman_n of_o tegengl_n that_o when_o the_o say_v nobleman_n do_v their_o homage_n to_o the_o lord_n edward_n king_n of_o england_n the_o say_a king_n promise_v they_o to_o defend_v they_o and_o their_o good_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v use_v all_o kind_n of_o right_n privilege_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o do_v use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o say_a king_n whereof_o they_o be_v after_o spoil_v first_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o be_v compel_v to_o be_v judge_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n whereas_o the_o tenure_n of_o that_o their_o privilege_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n at_o tref_n edwin_n at_o ruthlan_n and_o at_o caerwys_n and_o the_o best_a man_n of_o the_o country_n be_v take_v because_o they_o desire_v to_o be_v judge_v at_o tref_n edwin_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o privilege_n by_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n 2._o whatsoever_o one_o justice_n do_v his_o successor_n do_v reverse_v the_o same_o for_o in_o david_n case_n reginald_n grey_n revoke_v that_o which_o his_o predecessor_n confirm_v and_o allow_v 3._o if_o he_o do_v take_v any_o gentleman_n of_o that_o country_n he_o will_v not_o let_v he_o go_v upon_o security_n which_o he_o ought_v to_o do_v 4._o if_o any_o gentleman_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o flint_n upon_o a_o small_a accusation_n and_o his_o cattle_n withal_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v deliver_v or_o have_v delay_n until_o they_o give_v the_o constable_n a_o ox_n and_o until_o they_o pay_v 3_o l._n fee_n to_o cynwrick_fw-ge for_o have_v of_o the_o delay_n 5._o reginald_n grey_n give_v the_o land_n of_o the_o man_n of_o merton_n to_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o basingwerk_n against_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o lhewelyn_n and_o the_o king_n that_o be_v to_o say_v 16_o caratatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la 6._o the_o noble_a and_o best_a of_o the_o country_n be_v injure_v for_o that_o the_o king_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o flint_n upon_o their_o ground_n and_o the_o king_n command_v the_o justice_n to_o give_v the_o man_n as_o much_o good_a ground_n or_o the_o price_n but_o they_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o land_n and_o have_v neither_o other_o land_n nor_o their_o money_n 7._o reginald_n grey_n will_v not_o suffer_v man_n to_o cut_v their_o own_o wood_n until_o he_o have_v both_o money_n and_o reward_n and_o until_o they_o pay_v for_o it_o also_o but_o permit_v other_o to_o cut_v it_o down_o free_o which_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n 8._o when_o the_o man_n of_o cyrchynan_n covenant_n with_o the_o king_n to_o give_v the_o king_n half_o a_o meadow_n upon_o condition_n the_o king_n shall_v not_o suffer_v the_o wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n being_n present_a yet_o reginald_n grey_n have_v break_v the_o same_o permit_v every_o man_n to_o cut_v their_o wood_n and_o spoil_v they_o also_o of_o their_o meadow_n 9_o the_o same_o cynwric_n ap_fw-mi grono_n be_v take_v at_o ruthlan_n and_o put_v in_o prison_n without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o neither_o will_v the_o king_n officer_n deliver_v he_o unless_o he_o will_v redeem_v the_o gage_n of_o a_o certain_a woman_n for_o the_o which_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o pay_v much_o more_o than_o the_o pawn_n lie_v for_o 10._o when_o the_o bailiff_n of_o ruthlan_n be_v at_o a_o feast_n hicken_n lemaile_v wound_v a_o gentleman_n cruel_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o say_a bailiff_n by_o occasion_n of_o which_o wound_n hicken_n be_v condemn_v in_o 8_o l._n and_o when_o he_o which_o be_v hurt_v will_v have_v demand_v the_o 8_o l._n he_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n by_o hicken_n 11._o the_o messenger_n of_o reginald_n grey_n attempt_v a_o absurdity_n not_o hear_v of_o and_o require_v the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n to_o plough_v his_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o same_o and_o the_o messenger_n be_v cynwric_n say_v and_o hicken_n lemayl_n and_o the_o say_a cynwric_n swear_v open_o before_o the_o whole_a company_n that_o unless_o all_o man_n shall_v plough_v reginald_n greys_n ground_n they_o shall_v short_o repent_v it_o then_o the_o people_n fear_v much_o as_o in_o that_o case_n any_o constant_a man_n will_v fear_v 12._o the_o heir_n of_o
a_o staff_n be_v unarm_v and_o know_v he_o not_o and_o his_o man_n be_v but_o a_o few_o stand_v and_o fight_v bold_o ever_o look_v for_o their_o prince_n till_o the_o englishman_n by_o force_n of_o archer_n mix_v with_o the_o horseman_n win_v the_o hill_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o as_o they_o return_v francton_n go_v to_o spoil_v he_o who_o he_o have_v slay_v and_o when_o he_o see_v his_o face_n he_o know_v he_o very_o well_o and_o strike_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o the_o king_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o conwey_n who_o receive_v it_o with_o great_a joy_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v set_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o high_a turret_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o lhewelyn_n betray_v by_o the_o man_n of_o buelht_n who_o be_v the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o britain_n blood_n who_o bare_a dominion_n and_o rule_n in_o wales_n so_o that_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o the_o britain_n over_o continue_a in_o some_o place_n of_o britain_n from_o the_o first_o come_v of_o brutus_n 374._o mr._n powel_n fol_z 374._o which_o be_v as_o mr._n powel_n say_v in_o the_o year_n before_o christ_n incarnation_n 1136._o to_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n 1282_o by_o the_o space_n of_o 2418._o year_n vulgus_fw-la varium_fw-la &_o mutabile_fw-la semper_fw-la vulgus_fw-la short_o after_o that_o the_o king_n have_v bring_v all_o the_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n the_o country_n man_n themselves_o bring_v to_o he_o david_n the_o princess_n brother_n who_o he_o keep_v in_o ruthlan_n castle_n and_o after_o put_v he_o to_o death_n at_o shrewsbury_n then_o the_o king_n build_v two_o strong_a castle_n in_o north-wales_n i._n conwey_n and_o carnarvan_n castle_n build_v by_o k._n edw_n i._n the_o one_o at_o conwey_n and_o the_o other_o at_o caernarvon_n when_o rees_n vachan_n hear_v how_o all_o thing_n go_v he_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o at_o the_o king_n commandment_n send_v he_o to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n to_o be_v imprison_v there_o and_o so_o the_o king_n pass_v through_o all_o wales_n and_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n 310._o mr._n mill_n fol._n 310._o two_o religious_a man_n the_o one_o a_o welshman_n the_o other_o a_o englishman_n have_v write_v late_o in_o verse_n in_o praise_n and_o dispraise_v of_o this_o lhewelyn_n not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v remember_v the_o substance_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o welshman_n thus_o the_o englishman_n thus_o here_o lie_v he_o that_o terrifi_v the_o english_a man_n and_o wales_n he_o do_v as_o valiant_o defend_v lhewelyn_n the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n the_o bulwark_n the_o jewel_n of_o his_o time_n a_o flower_n of_o king_n past_a a_o pattern_n of_o future_a age_n the_o captain_n the_o light_n the_o beauty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o people_n here_o lie_v the_o prince_n of_o error_n the_o spoil_n of_o man_n traitor_n to_o england_n bright_a firebrand_n of_o the_o guilty_a the_o welshman_n god_n a_o traitor_n captain_n and_o death_n of_o the_o godly_a the_o scum_n of_o trojan_n a_o lie_a stock_n and_o cause_n of_o much_o mischief_n his_o issue_n katherine_n lackland_n or_o without_o land_n marry_v to_o malcome_n earl_n of_o fyke_n in_o scotland_n madoc_n be_v his_o bastard_n son_n who_o in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o k._n edward_n i._o raise_v war_n in_o north-wales_n but_o where_o the_o king_n come_v he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o beaumarish_n and_o cut_v down_o there_o wood_n which_o yield_v they_o succour_v and_o refuge_n in_o time_n of_o war_n he_o fortify_v the_o castle_n about_o the_o sea_n coast_n short_o after_o he_o be_v take_v &_o from_o that_o time_n the_o welshman_n cease_v to_o make_v war_n and_o the_o king_n give_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o with_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_a &_o modern_a british_a and_o welsh_z history_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n piercy_n herbert_n lord_n powis_n edward_z herbert_z baron_n of_o cherbery_n in_o england_n and_o castle-iland_n in_o ireland_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z knight_n of_o the_o bath_n and_o son_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a edward_n earl_n of_o worcester_n sir_n edward_z stradling_n alias_o esterling_n of_o st._n donat_n baronet_n sir_n edward_z morgan_z of_o lantarnam_n baronet_n sir_n trevor_n williams_z of_o langibbie_n com_n mon_n baronet_n william_n lewes_n of_o the_o van_n esq_n richard_n lewes_n of_o edigton_n esq_n thomas_n morgan_n of_o maughan_n esq_n the_o lord_n powis_n sir_n edward_z herbert_z of_o red-castle_n montgomeryshire_n descend_v lineal_o from_o british_a progenitor_n as_o in_o the_o geneology_n of_o the_o e._n of_o pembrock_n large_o appear_v sir_n william_n herbert_n create_v lord_n powis_n elinor_n daughter_n to_o henry_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n by_o which_o match_n this_o honourable_a family_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n sir_n piercy_n herbert_n lord_n powis_n sister_n to_o the_o lord_n craven_n william_n herbert_n esq_n heir_n apparent_a elizabeth_z daughter_n to_o edward_n marquesse_n of_o worcester_n by_o which_o the_o british_a blood_n be_v again_o renew_v and_o conjoin_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n the_o lord_n herbert_n baron_n of_o cherbery_n and_o castle-iland_n edward_n lord_n herbert_n of_o cherbery_n anne_n daughter_n of_o sir_n thomas_n middleton_n of_o cherck_n castle_n descend_v ancient_o from_o british_a noble_a progenitor_n richard_n lord_n herbert_n etc._n etc._n marry_o daughter_n to_o john_n egerton_n earl_n of_o bridgewater_n by_o which_o match_n the_o honourable_a family_n be_v link_v into_o the_o british_a blood_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o bridgewater_n edward_n lord_n herbert_n etc._n etc._n marry_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o sir_n william_n herbert_n of_o st._n julian_n come_v monmoth_n here_o take_v natice_n that_o these_o two_o honourable_a family_n both_o male_a and_o female_a by_o a_o long_a continue_a series_n and_o genealogy_n descend_v from_o noble_a and_o princely_a british_a progenitor_n the_o first_o whereof_o herbert_n lord_n of_o the_o forest_n of_o dean_n marry_v lucy_n daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o marry_v sibil_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o bernard_n newmarsh_n lord_n of_o brecon_n and_o his_o wife_n nest_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi llewellin_n prince_n of_o southwales_n the_o first_o of_o this_o family_n who_o settle_v in_o wales_n be_v peter_n ap_fw-mi herbert_n who_o marry_v alice_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o blethin_n broadspear_n he_o be_v lord_n of_o llanthloell_n in_o monmouthshire_n and_o beachley_n in_o glocestershire_n and_o from_o this_o branch_n be_v spring_v the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n and_o huntingdon_n the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n and_o montgomery_n the_o lord_n powis_n and_o several_a noble_a ancient_a and_o mighty_a family_n who_o do_v and_o have_v bear_v several_a honourable_a office_n in_o this_o kingdom_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z of_o troy_n in_o the_o county_n of_o monmouth_n knight_n of_o the_o bath_n sir_n charles_n somerset_z knight_n of_o the_o bath_n at_o the_o creation_n of_o henry_n prince_n of_o wales_n three_o son_n to_o edward_n lord_n herbert_n of_o chepstow_n ragland_n and_o gower_n earl_n of_o worcester_n and_z elizabeth_z daughter_n of_o francis_n hastings_n earl_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o katherine_n his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o henry_n poole_n lord_n montague_n descend_v from_o the_o british_a line_n marry_v the_o sole_a d_o and_o h_o of_o sir_n william_n powel_n of_o troy_n knight_n extract_v from_o a_o ancient_a and_o long_o continue_a series_n of_o british_a progenitor_n and_o have_v three_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n the_o elder_a marry_v to_o squire_n anderton_n of_o lostock_n com_n lan_n esq_n and_o have_v issue_n male_a the_o other_o two_o as_o yet_o unmarried_a i_o shall_v need_v to_o say_v no_o more_o concern_v the_o extraction_n of_o this_o honourable_a and_o most_o virtuous_a knight_n from_o the_o british_a line_n the_o genealogy_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o worcester_n will_v make_v it_o appear_v only_o i_o shall_v daily_o pray_v that_o almighty_a god_n will_v prolong_v his_o life_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o poor_a and_o at_o his_o departure_n crown_v he_o with_o a_o crown_n of_o glory_n &_o bless_v his_o posterity_n sir_n edward_z stradling_n baronet_n sir_n edward_n esterling_n be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o knight_n who_o come_v into_o wales_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o glamorganshire_n and_o for_o his_o good_a service_n have_v st._n donats_n castle_n and_o manor_n give_v he_o where_o this_o knightly_a and_o noble_a family_n have_v hitherto_o continue_v sir_n john_n esterling_n knight_n sir_n morris_n esterling_n knight_n sir_n robert_n
so_o many_o vein_n and_o artery_n run_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o island_n these_o thing_n can_v not_o but_o please_v but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o sole_o to_o be_v enjoy_v without_o some_o danger_n for_o as_o the_o trojan_n pass_v from_o place_n to_o place_n to_o view_v the_o situation_n and_o opportune_a place_n to_o inhabit_v they_o be_v oft_o encounter_v with_o grisly_a creature_n exceed_v humane_a proportion_n who_o give_v they_o but_o rude_a and_o savage_a welcome_n and_o these_o be_v they_o who_o the_o goddess_n mean_v when_o she_o say_v habitata_fw-la gygantibus_fw-la olim_fw-la among_o these_o prodigious_a caitiff_n one_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o bulk_n and_o robustiousnesse_n who_o be_v call_v gogmagog_n with_o who_o corineus_n nephew_n to_o brute_n wrestle_v who_o although_o he_o have_v a_o rib_n break_v by_o this_o monster_n yet_o so_o foil_v he_o that_o he_o cast_v he_o down_o from_o the_o cliff_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o place_n afterward_o be_v call_v the_o fall_n of_o gogmagog_n i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v that_o in_o glamorganshire_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o their_o own_o mother_n tongue_n call_v cwymp_n y_fw-fr cawr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o giant_n fall_n or_o overthrow_n but_o that_o name_n be_v change_v it_o be_v afterward_o call_v the_o fall_n of_o dover_n for_o this_o most_o valiant_a act_n and_o special_a good_a service_n brute_n give_v and_o allot_v unto_o corineus_n the_o province_n or_o country_n now_o call_v cornwall_n brute_n have_v destroy_v that_o race_n of_o giant_n former_o mention_v after_o a_o perfect_a discovery_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n pass_v by_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n for_o his_o recreation_n and_o find_v a_o place_n in_o all_o respect_v fit_a to_o build_v a_o city_n to_o make_v the_o capital_a and_o prime_a habitation_n of_o his_o new_a achieve_v kingdom_n set_v workman_n of_o all_o art_n and_o calling_n to_o accomplish_v and_o finish_v this_o his_o design_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n to_o renew_v like_o a_o phoenix_n out_o of_o ash_n old_a troy_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v call_v troynovant_n i_o new_a troy_n which_o name_n continue_v till_o k._n lud_n enjoy_v the_o sceptre_n and_o rule_n in_o great_a britain_n upon_o that_o time_n say_v my_o author_n of_o m._n lxviii_o 10._o fabian_z fol._n 10._o who_o then_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v call_v lud_n town_n and_o now_o london_n this_o now_o glorious_a city_n rome_n itself_o be_v not_o build_v in_o one_o day_n and_o former_o as_o glorious_a a_o stile_n be_v call_v augusta_n for_o we_o read_v in_o divers_a grave_a and_o learned_a author_n that_o st._n augulus_fw-la be_v bishop_n of_o augusta_n viz._n london_n in_o england_n as_o both_o catholic_n and_o protestant_n expound_v it_o and_o among_o they_o one_o in_o a_o sermon_n before_o k._n james_n say_v your_o city_n have_v be_v ancient_o style_v augusta_n for_o we_o read_v both_o in_o the_o ancient_a roman_a martyrologe_n st._n bede_n vsuardus_n ado_n vandalbertus_n petrus_n de_fw-fr natalibus_n and_o other_o that_o this_o augulus_fw-la be_v bishop_n of_o augusta_n in_o brittannia_fw-la augusta_n or_o london_n in_o brittanny_n and_o be_v a_o martyr_n augusta_n in_o brittannia_fw-la natalis_fw-la beati_fw-la auguli_fw-la episcopi_fw-la qui_fw-la aetatis_fw-la cursum_fw-la per_fw-la martyrium_fw-la explens_fw-la aeterna_fw-la proemia_fw-la suscipere_fw-la meruit_fw-la baronius_n say_v he_o can_v tell_v when_o he_o suffer_v quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la passius_fw-la sit_fw-la hactenus_fw-la mihi_fw-la obscurum_fw-la but_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o name_n of_o london_n at_o that_o time_n it_o be_v call_v augusta_n with_o other_o circumstance_n and_o with_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n after_o the_o time_n of_o k._n lucius_n we_o shall_v very_o probable_o find_v that_o this_o our_o worthy_a saint_n bishop_n of_o london_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o first_o bishop_n that_o be_v consecrate_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o long_o before_o our_o common_a conversion_n in_o the_o day_n of_o k._n lucius_n and_o so_o consequent_o of_o st._n peter_n or_o his_o disciple_n st._n aristobulus_n no_o other_o then_o be_v here_o with_o eminent_a authority_n to_o consecrate_v he_o bishop_n and_o settle_v he_o bishop_n of_o augusta_n london_n or_o first_o this_o city_n be_v not_o call_v augusta_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n lucius_n when_o this_o nation_n be_v general_o convert_v but_o only_o londinum_n london_n nor_o never_o since_o that_o time_n or_o by_o any_o before_o but_o by_o the_o roman_n at_o their_o first_o settle_v here_o in_o the_o time_n of_o claudius_n and_o that_o the_o general_a opinion_n be_v that_o london_n be_v call_v augusta_n dio._n and_o xiphelinus_n write_v that_o legio_n augustalis_n non_fw-la nata_fw-la hibernabat_fw-la in_o superiore_fw-la britannia_fw-la the_o roman_a legion_n so_o term_v winter_v in_o the_o upper_a britain_n near_o london_n as_o be_v think_v it_o be_v long_o before_o dioclesian_n time_n when_o it_o be_v thus_o call_v in_o the_o day_n of_o caesar_n augustus_n or_o soon_o after_o a_o late_a french_a author_n of_o this_o our_o britain_n in_o his_o history_n seem_v to_o say_v or_o think_v that_o caerlegeon_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o julius_n agricola_n and_o by_o he_o name_v augusta_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o it_o only_o vary_v the_o particular_a place_n of_o his_o martyrdom_n viz._n st._n augulus_fw-la nothing_o detract_n from_o he_o or_o the_o glory_n of_o this_o nation_n and_o that_o this_o saint_n be_v bishop_n of_o augusta_n i_o london_n and_o not_o augusta_n caerlegion_n this_o reason_n may_v conclude_v for_o that_o tremonius_a and_o st._n dubritius_fw-la be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v name_v bishop_n of_o augusta_n caerlegion_n certain_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v very_o well_o that_o london_n be_v call_v augusta_n quia_fw-la ea_fw-la dignitate_fw-la floruit_fw-la londinum_n ut_fw-la augusta_n dici_fw-la caeperit_n and_o many_o foreign_a city_n very_o famous_a be_v call_v augusta_n in_o that_o respect_n as_o augusta_n taurinorum_n aug._n trieastinorum_n aug._n veromanduor_n m_o aug._n valeria_n aug._n emerita_n aug._n bracchara_n aug._n acilia_n aug._n tiberii_n aug._n vindeliciorum_n aug._n caesarea_n aug._n vestorum_fw-la aug._n trevirorum_n now_o as_o concern_v bishop_n not_o only_a augusta_n london_n st._n anacletus_fw-la it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o church_n to_o constitute_v primate_fw-la where_fw-mi pagan_n have_v their_o archflaman_n but_o also_o other_o place_n order_v by_o his_o tome_n or_o the_o catalogue_n of_o st._n peter_n st._n clement_n caerlegion_n caerlegion_n &_o ex_fw-la anacleto_fw-it huius_fw-la insulae_fw-la divisionem_fw-la canterbury_n london_n caerlegeon_n york_n and_o alba_n in_o scotland_n by_o some_o take_v to_o be_v the_o now_o st._n andrews_n vrbs_fw-la legionum_fw-la observe_v in_o the_o latin_a caerlegion_n i_o vrbs_fw-la legionum_fw-la put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n cantuaria_n londonia_n eboraca_n and_o alba_n unde_fw-la albania_n provincia_n be_v design_v see_v of_o such_o primate_fw-la as_o giraldus_n cam._n sir_n john_n price_n matthew_n parker_n 1_o arch._n b._n pro._n do_v testify_v thus_o much_o concern_v this_o famous_a and_o renown_a city_n of_o london_n not_o without_o cause_n call_v augusta_n brute_n have_v finish_v this_o structure_n and_o give_v name_n to_o it_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o that_o city_n of_o which_o the_o poet_n say_v nunc_fw-la seges_fw-la est_fw-la ubi_fw-la troja_n fuit_fw-la give_v also_o a_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a island_n call_v it_o britania_n à _fw-la bruto_fw-la so_o do_v romulus_n by_o rome_n alexander_n by_o alexandria_n and_o caesar_n by_o caesarea_n and_o so_o divers_a other_o great_a and_o eminent_a commander_n and_o potentate_n name_v both_o whole_a kingdom_n land_n and_o great_a city_n after_o their_o own_o name_n that_o in_o they_o their_o memory_n may_v live_v for_o ever_o brute_n have_v accomplish_v the_o thread_n of_o life_n allot_v by_o the_o fatal_a sister_n and_o have_v leave_v rule_n for_o his_o briton_n to_o live_v in_o civil_a amity_n and_o orderly_a government_n after_o a_o prosperous_a reign_n and_o happy_a in_o a_o hopeful_a posterity_n he_o bethink_v himself_o of_o settle_v his_o estate_n whereby_o to_o avoid_v all_o contention_n and_o discord_n betwixt_o his_o son_n which_o be_v three_o locrine_n camber_n and_o albanact_n betwixt_o these_o three_o he_o divide_v his_o new_a acquire_v kingdom_n to_o the_o elder_a he_o give_v troynovant_n with_o all_o the_o country_n adjacent_a which_o be_v now_o call_v england_n contain_v east_n west_n and_o south_n but_o as_o his_o father_n have_v call_v the_o whole_a island_n britannia_n and_o his_o subject_n britannos_fw-la or_o britones_n so_o locrine_n after_o his_o name_n call_v his_o share_n loegria_n and_o at_o this_o very_a day_n the_o welsh_a call_n england_n lloegre_n to_o his_o second_o son_n camber_n he_o bequeath_v that_o part_n which_o after_o the_o saxon_n call_v wales_n
aliquo_fw-la metu_fw-la adducti_fw-la deos_fw-la placandos_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitrâ—â—tur_fw-la humanis_fw-la hostiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la arras_n ac_fw-la templa_fw-la funestant_n ut_fw-la ne_fw-la religionem_fw-la quidem_fw-la colere_fw-la possint_fw-la nisi_fw-la eam_fw-la ipsam_fw-la scelere_fw-la violarint_fw-la quis_fw-la enim_fw-la ignorat_fw-la eos_fw-la usq_fw-la ad_fw-la hunc_fw-la diem_fw-la retinere_fw-la illam_fw-la immanem_fw-la &_o barbaram_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la hominum_fw-la immolandorum_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la quali_fw-la fide_fw-la fonteio_fw-la cicero_n in_o orai_n pro_fw-la marc._n fonteio_fw-la quali_fw-la pielate_fw-la existimatis_fw-la eos_fw-la esse_fw-la qui_fw-la etiam_fw-la deos_fw-la immortales_fw-la arbitrentur_fw-la hominum_fw-la scelere_fw-la &_o sanguine_fw-la facilè_fw-la posse_fw-la placari_fw-la can_v any_o thing_n be_v account_v holy_a and_o religious_a with_o those_o man_n who_o when_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o any_o thing_n and_o will_v have_v their_o god_n pacify_v do_v profane_a their_o altar_n and_o temple_n with_o sacrifice_a man_n so_o that_o they_o can_v exercise_v their_o religion_n except_o they_o first_o violate_v it_o with_o wickedness_n for_o who_o be_v ignorant_a that_o even_o to_o this_o day_n they_o retain_v that_o savage_a and_o barbarous_a custom_n of_o sacrifice_a man_n therefore_o can_v you_o think_v those_o man_n to_o have_v any_o religion_n or_o piety_n who_o think_v the_o immortal_a god_n may_v be_v easy_o appease_v with_o the_o wickedness_n and_o blood_n of_o man_n the_o like_a have_v dio_n cassius_n amianus_n marcellinus_n and_o other_o among_o the_o gentile_n all_o cry_v out_o against_o those_o most_o barbarous_a proceed_n and_o yet_o term_v with_o they_o religion_n and_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o measure_n of_o this_o their_o most_o inhuman_a irreligion_n as_o julius_n caesar_n with_o other_o testify_v these_o man_n have_v idol_n of_o huge_a greatness_n who_o member_n be_v make_v of_o wand_n they_o fill_v full_a of_o man_n alive_a and_o so_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n burn_v they_o immani_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la simulachra_fw-la habent_fw-la quorum_fw-la contexta_fw-la viminibus_fw-la membra_fw-la vivis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la complent_fw-la quibus_fw-la succensis_fw-la circumventi_fw-la flamma_fw-la exanimantur_fw-la homines_fw-la and_o pliny_n with_o other_o be_v witness_n that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v any_o homage_n or_o duty_n unto_o god_n that_o they_o bestow_v all_o such_o upon_o the_o devil_n his_o enemy_n and_o be_v so_o far_o and_o so_o long_a time_n in_o his_o day_n practise_v in_o magic_n and_o invocation_n and_o worship_v devil_n that_o he_o suppose_v the_o persian_n so_o far_o distant_a and_o give_v over_o then_o to_o that_o most_o horrible_a dishonour_n of_o god_n have_v learn_v it_o and_o receive_v it_o from_o hence_o where_o the_o chief_a master_n and_o practiser_n thereof_o remain_v these_o druid_n permit_v many_o wife_n to_o one_o man_n for_o caesar_n say_v 6._o caesar_n bell_n gall._n li._n 6._o vxores_fw-la habent_fw-la deni_fw-la &_o duodeni_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la commune_v &_o maxim_n fratres_fw-la cum_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o parent_n cum_fw-la liberis_fw-la the_o like_a have_v zonoras_n and_o in_o this_o country_n the_o people_n go_v naked_a nudi_fw-la degunt_fw-la mulieribus_fw-la promiscuè_fw-fr utuntur_fw-la and_o this_o be_v account_v a_o virtue_n and_o a_o honour_n among_o they_o as_o queen_n bunduice_n do_v publickty_n profess_v in_o her_o prayer_n to_o her_o goddess_n audraste_v or_o audaste_n qui_fw-la cum_fw-la caeter_fw-la ae_z omne_fw-la tum_fw-la liberes_fw-la &_o vxores_fw-la commune_v inter_fw-la se_fw-la putant_fw-la they_o think_v wife_n and_o child_n and_o all_o thing_n common_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o druid_n their_o antiquity_n and_o institution_n with_o their_o abominable_a sacrifice_n and_o superstition_n of_o who_o as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v we_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o gorbomannus_n grantham_n build_v by_o gorbomannus_n gorbomanuus_n be_v report_v to_o have_v found_v grantham_n in_o lincolnshire_n of_o which_o place_n mr._n cambden_n make_v only_o this_o mention_n post_n paunton_n visitur_fw-la grantham_n oppidum_fw-la non_fw-la infrequens_fw-la schola_fw-la à _fw-la richardo_n foxo_fw-la wintoniensi_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o templo_fw-la specioso_fw-la exornatum_fw-la cujus_fw-la sacrae_fw-la pyramid_n admirandam_fw-la in_o altitudinem_fw-la surgit_fw-la &_o fabulis_fw-la est_fw-la famigerata_fw-la grantham_n a_o town_n well_o people_v and_o adorn_v with_o a_o free_a school_n build_v by_o bishop_n fox_n and_o a_o very_a fair_a church_n who_o broach_v or_o steeple_n be_v of_o such_o height_n that_o it_o be_v speak_v of_o far_o and_o near_o the_o same_o gorbomannus_n build_v as_o the_o english_a chronicle_n seem_v to_o affirm_v cambridge_n ancient_o call_v granta_n gorbomannus_n cambridge_n suppose_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o gorbomannus_n caer_n grant_v and_o grantchester_n yet_o mr._n broughton_n out_o of_o other_o author_n say_v that_o cambridge_n be_v found_v by_o cantaber_n a_o spaniard_n many_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n and_o wall_v about_o by_o grantinus_fw-la sintque_fw-la doctores_fw-la &_o scholar_n illius_fw-la celeberrimae_fw-la matris_fw-la philosophiae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la cantabrigiae_fw-la â_fw-la cantabro_fw-la aedificatae_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la à _fw-la grantino_fw-it comite_fw-la honorabiliter_fw-la muratae_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la calumnia_fw-la inquietatione_n &_o scandalo_fw-la liberi_fw-la let_v the_o master_n and_o scholar_n of_o that_o famous_a mother_n of_o philosophy_n the_o city_n of_o cambridge_n build_v by_o cantaber_n and_o wall_v about_o by_o count_n grantinus_fw-la be_v free_a from_o all_o calumny_n molestation_n and_o disturbance_n whatsoever_o which_o divers_a oxford_n man_n and_o antiquary_n though_o no_o friend_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o cambridge_n yield_v unto_o but_o of_o this_o place_n more_o hereafter_o in_o the_o live_v of_o lucius_n morpen-dragon_n arthur_n and_o cadwallader_n archigallo_n archigallo_n the_o son_n of_o morindus_n after_o his_o brother_n have_v reign_v by_o consent_n of_o most_o writer_n the_o space_n of_o eleven_o year_n ascend_v the_o throne_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n creation_n four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o ten_o this_o prince_n in_o the_o english_a chronicle_n be_v call_v artogail_n who_o utter_o forsake_v the_o model_n of_o exact_a government_n which_o his_o brother_n have_v leave_v behind_o he_o for_o he_o to_o follow_v he_o lend_v too_o facile_a a_o ear_n to_o flatterer_n and_o sycophant_n and_o where_o no_o just_a cause_n can_v be_v find_v fault_n be_v contrive_v and_o invent_v whereby_o to_o entrap_v the_o noble_n and_o new_a plot_n discover_v which_o never_o be_v think_v upon_o but_o by_o the_o contriver_n who_o machiavillian_a brain_n hatch_v they_o for_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o valiant_a and_o wealthy_a be_v they_o never_o so_o innocent_a a_o point_n of_o policy_n so_o palpable_o manifest_a in_o these_o latter_a day_n that_o the_o weak_a judgement_n may_v see_v it_o but_o the_o great_a dare_v not_o gainsay_v it_o these_o state_n trick_n please_v archigallo_n the_o ancient_a nobility_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o all_o command_n and_o power_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n delinquency_n lay_v to_o their_o charge_n or_o at_o least_o a_o disaffection_n to_o the_o present_a government_n and_o upon_o these_o pretence_n many_o be_v secure_v and_o more_o utter_o ruin_v either_o be_v put_v to_o such_o a_o intolerable_a composition_n for_o their_o estate_n that_o they_o never_o after_o recâ—er_o the_o loss_n or_o else_o be_v utter_o thrust_v out_o of_o they_o and_o new_a upstart_n put_v in_o who_o predecessor_n never_o know_v how_o to_o write_v himself_o gentleman_n nor_o ever_o bear_v coat_n unless_o a_o threadbare_a one_o in_o which_o peradventure_o he_o hold_v a_o other_o man_n plough_n or_o use_v some_o poor_a and_o sordid_a mechanic_n trade_n but_o by_o these_o sinister_a mean_n archigallo_n cram_v his_o coffer_n and_o raise_v to_o dignity_n such_o as_o best_a suit_v with_o his_o disposition_n so_o that_o beggar_n ride_v on_o horse_n back_o and_o noble_n go_v on_o foot_n and_o set_v a_o beggar_n on_o horseback_n and_o ride_v to_o the_o devil_n but_o too_o much_o of_o one_o thing_n be_v good_a for_o nothing_o and_o the_o poor_a worm_n tread_v upon_o will_v turn_v again_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o begin_v to_o grow_v sensible_a of_o their_o just_a sad_a condition_n and_o heavy_a tax_n and_o imposition_n after_o which_o follow_v a_o general_a grudge_n and_o murmur_v when_o present_o despair_n send_v fury_n among_o they_o and_o furor_fw-la arma_fw-la ministrat_n the_o intolerable_a yoke_n will_v be_v no_o long_o endure_v all_o join_v in_o a_o association_n to_o take_v revenge_n upon_o the_o common_a enemy_n archigallo_n who_o they_o sudden_o set_v upon_o and_o before_o he_o can_v provide_v mean_n to_o defend_v himself_o he_o be_v unkinged_a and_o quite_o difrobe_v of_o all_o princely_a command_n after_o he_o have_v wear_v the_o purple_a by_o consent_n of_o most_o writer_n five_o year_n it_o concern_v prince_n and_o great_a commander_n to_o make_v choice_n of_o counsellor_n who_o not_o only_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o virtue_n and_o religion_n but_o also_o that_o
which_o the_o ebb_a sea_n in_o that_o place_n have_v make_v accessible_a the_o britain_n espy_v they_o make_v thitherwards_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n escape_v scaeva_n be_v leave_v alone_o upon_o the_o rock_n to_o which_o island_n the_o fury_n of_o the_o enrage_a multitude_n assail_v he_o with_o their_o dart_n which_o he_o receive_v upon_o his_o shield_n and_o thrust_v at_o they_o with_o his_o spear_n till_o it_o be_v break_v and_o his_o helmet_n and_o shield_n lose_v then_o be_v tire_v with_o extreme_a toil_n and_o dangerous_o wound_v he_o betake_v himself_o to_o flight_n carry_v two_o little_a harness_n on_o his_o back_n with_o much_o difficulty_n recover_v caesar_n tent_n where_o he_o crave_v pardon_n for_o make_v so_o bold_a a_o attempt_n without_o commandment_n of_o his_o general_n caesar_n do_v both_o remit_v the_o offence_n and_o reward_v the_o offender_n by_o bestow_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o centurion_n this_o be_v that_o scaeva_n who_o afterward_o give_v good_a cause_n to_o have_v his_o name_n remember_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n for_o the_o memorable_a service_n he_o do_v to_o caesar_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o he_o and_o pompey_n at_o the_o battle_n near_o dyrrachium_fw-la the_o roman_n have_v at_o length_n get_v foot_v on_o the_o dry_a land_n give_v a_o fresh_a charge_n unto_o the_o britain_n and_o in_o the_o end_n force_v they_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n though_o they_o can_v not_o pursue_v they_o far_o into_o the_o land_n for_o want_v of_o horseman_n caesar_n accustom_a fortune_n fail_v he_o in_o this_o one_o accident_n the_o britain_n after_o this_o overthrow_n assemble_v themselves_o together_o upon_o consultation_n have_v among_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n promise_v to_o deliver_v in_o pledge_n or_o to_o do_v whatsoever_o else_o he_o will_v command_v they_o with_o these_o ambassador_n come_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o out_o of_o gallia_n into_o britain_n where_o have_v deliver_v the_o message_n he_o have_v then_o in_o charge_n he_o be_v apprehend_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n and_o now_o after_o the_o battle_n release_v the_o chief_a state_n of_o the_o britain_n seek_v to_o excuse_v their_o attempt_n lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o multitude_n who_o be_v the_o great_a number_n and_o wilful_o bend_v to_o take_v arm_n will_v neither_o by_o persuasion_n nor_o authority_n be_v restrain_v and_o they_o pretend_v their_o own_o ignorance_n as_o be_v a_o free_a people_n and_o not_o experience_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n caesar_n although_o he_o reprove_v they_o for_o make_v war_n in_o that_o manner_n consider_v that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o have_v send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o before_o his_o arrival_n in_o britain_n to_o desire_v peace_n yet_o be_v content_a to_o pardon_v they_o upon_o delivery_n of_o pledge_n whereof_o some_o he_o receive_v present_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o come_v from_o remote_a place_n he_o appoint_v to_o be_v send_v in_o by_o a_o set_a day_n so_o the_o britain_n be_v dismiss_v to_o return_v into_o their_o country_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o come_v divers_a prince_n from_o other_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n to_o submit_v themselves_o and_o their_o city_n to_o caesar_n the_o four_o day_n after_o the_o roman_n land_v the_o ship_n before_o mention_v appoint_v for_o transportation_n of_o caesar_n horse_n man_n have_v a_o favourable_a gail_n of_o wind_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n from_o the_o upper_a haven_n and_o approach_v near_o the_o island_n in_o view_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n a_o sudden_a storm_n arise_v and_o scatter_v they_o drive_v some_o back_n again_o to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v and_o some_o other_o upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n westward_o where_o after_o they_o have_v cast_v anchor_n their_o keel_n be_v all_o most_o overwhelm_v with_o the_o wave_n they_o be_v carry_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o storm_n in_o the_o night_n into_o the_o main_n and_o with_o very_o great_a peril_n recover_v a_o harbour_n in_o the_o continent_n the_o same_o night_n the_o moon_n be_v at_o the_o full_a at_o which_o time_n common_o the_o sea_n in_o those_o part_n be_v much_o trouble_v and_o overflow_v the_o bank_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a tide_n a_o matter_n unknown_a unto_o the_o roman_n insomuch_o as_o the_o long_a boat_n which_o transport_v the_o army_n then_o lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o flood_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v beat_v with_o the_o storm_n and_o split_v in_o piece_n the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o perish_v in_o the_o water_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v make_v altogether_o unserviceable_a the_o anchor_n lose_v and_o tackling_n break_v wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v much_o perplex_v for_o that_o they_o neither_o have_v any_o other_o ship_n to_o transport_v they_o back_o again_o nor_o any_o mean_n to_o repair_v what_o the_o tempest_n have_v ruin_v and_o caesar_n have_v former_o resolve_v to_o winter_n in_o gallia_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v unfurnished_v of_o victual_n to_o maintain_v his_o army_n during_o the_o winter_n season_n which_o be_v know_v to_o the_o chief_a state_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o have_v meet_v together_o about_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o they_o suppose_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n be_v offer_v they_o to_o revolt_v while_o the_o roman_n want_v horseman_n ship_v and_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n the_o number_n of_o their_o force_n seem_v also_o the_o less_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o legion_n without_o any_o carriage_n or_o such_o like_a warlike_a necessary_n whereupon_o they_o conclude_v to_o keep_v they_o from_o victual_n and_o to_o prolong_v the_o war_n till_o winter_n assure_v themselves_o that_o if_o they_o can_v either_o vanquish_v the_o roman_n or_o bar_v they_o from_o return_v thence_o there_o will_v no_o foreign_a nation_n after_o they_o adventure_n to_o set_v foot_n again_o in_o britain_n and_o hereupon_o they_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a camp_n and_o gather_v company_n to_o they_o privy_o from_o divers_a part_n to_o make_v head_n against_o their_o enemy_n caesar_n albeit_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o britain_n purpose_n yet_o suppose_v that_o the_o state_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o ship_n be_v to_o they_o know_v and_o consider_v that_o they_o have_v break_v day_n with_o he_o in_o detain_v the_o pledge_n contrary_a to_o the_o contract_n he_o suspect_v that_o which_o afterward_o prove_v true_a and_o therefore_o to_o provide_v remedy_n against_o all_o chance_n he_o cause_v say_v cause_v the_o britain_n not_o ignorant_a of_o agriculture_n as_o some_o aver_v they_o then_o be_v as_o the_o author_n from_o who_o i_o take_v this_o seem_v to_o say_v corn_n to_o be_v bring_v daily_o out_o of_o the_o field_n into_o his_o camp_n and_o such_o ship_n as_o can_v not_o be_v make_v fit_a for_o service_n be_v use_v to_o repair_v the_o rest_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v want_v thereto_o he_o appoint_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o same_o continent_n by_o which_o mean_n and_o the_o diligence_n of_o his_o soldier_n by_o loss_n of_o twelve_o ship_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o navy_n be_v make_v able_a to_o bear_v sail_n and_o brook_v the_o sea_n again_o while_o these_o thing_n be_v in_o do_v the_o seven_o legion_n according_a to_o custom_n be_v send_v forth_o a_o forage_n till_o which_o time_n the_o britain_n revolt_n be_v not_o certain_o know_v for_o that_o some_o of_o they_o remain_v abroad_o in_o the_o field_n and_o other_o come_v ordinary_o into_o the_o roman_a camp_n the_o warder_n in_o the_o station_n before_o the_o camp_n give_v notice_n to_o caesar_n that_o the_o same_o way_n which_o the_o legion_n go_v there_o appear_v a_o great_a dust_n than_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v see_v caesar_n mistrust_v some_o new_a practice_n of_o the_o britain_n command_v the_o company_n that_o keep_v ward_n to_o march_v thither_o appoint_v two_o other_o to_o supply_v their_o room_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n to_o arm_v themselves_o with_o speed_n and_o follow_v he_o when_o he_o approach_v near_o the_o place_n descry_v he_o perceive_v his_o soldier_n to_o be_v overcharge_v by_o the_o britain_n who_o assail_v they_o on_o all_o side_n with_o dart_n for_o the_o britain_n have_v command_v their_o corn_n from_o all_o other_o part_n this_o only_o excert_v and_o suspect_v that_o the_o roman_n will_v come_v thither_o lay_v in_o the_o wood_n all_o night_n to_o intexcept_v they_o and_o find_v they_o disperse_v and_o unready_a they_o sudden_o set_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o be_v reap_v kill_v a_o few_o of_o
people_n the_o present_a occasion_n seem_v to_o offer_v mean_n of_o redress_n while_o the_o roman_a general_n be_v make_v war_n in_o mona_n whereupon_o they_o resolve_v to_o take_v arm_n incite_v the_o trinobant_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v whole_o bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o do_v the_o like_a then_o they_o begin_v to_o discourse_v of_o their_o misery_n of_o bondage_n to_o lay_v their_o injury_n together_o aggravate_v they_o by_o their_o own_o construction_n and_o complain_v that_o their_o patience_n have_v profit_v they_o nothing_o but_o to_o draw_v heavy_a burden_n upon_o they_o as_o man_n that_o will_v gentle_o bear_v that_o whereas_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v only_o one_o commander_n now_o there_o be_v two_o thrust_v upon_o they_o the_o lieutenant_n to_o suck_v their_o blood_n the_o procurator_n their_o substance_n who_o disagreement_n be_v the_o vexation_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o agreement_n utter_a undo_n while_o the_o one_o burden_a they_o with_o soldier_n and_o captain_n the_o other_o with_o wrong_n and_o indignity_n that_o the_o lust_n and_o covetousness_n of_o these_o their_o enemy_n lay_v hold_v upon_o all_o person_n without_o exception_n that_o though_o in_o the_o field_n he_o that_o spoil_v be_v common_o the_o strong_a yet_o themselves_o be_v by_o coward_n and_o weakling_n for_o the_o most_o part_n dispossess_v of_o their_o house_n bereave_v of_o their_o child_n enjoin_v to_o yield_v soldier_n for_o other_o man_n behoof_n as_o though_o they_o be_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o people_n as_o know_v how_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n else_o save_v only_o to_o die_v for_o their_o country_n for_o otherwise_o there_o be_v but_o a_o handful_n of_o soldier_n come_v over_o if_o they_o do_v but_o reckon_v their_o own_o number_n consider_v withal_o that_o germany_n have_v already_o shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n have_v no_o ocean-sea_n but_o a_o river_n to_o defend_v it_o that_o the_o cause_n then_o move_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n be_v just_a and_o honourable_a namely_o to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o to_o defend_v their_o parent_n wife_n child_n and_o country_n whereas_o the_o roman_n have_v nothing_o to_o provoke_v they_o to_o war_n but_o their_o own_o covetousness_n and_o wanton_a lust_n and_o be_v likely_a enough_o to_o depart_v as_o julius_n caesar_n have_v do_v if_o themselves_o will_v imitate_v the_o virtue_n of_o their_o progenitor_n and_o not_o be_v dismay_v with_o the_o doubtful_a event_n of_o one_o skirmish_n or_o two_o see_v that_o man_n in_o misery_n have_v common_o more_o courage_n than_o at_o other_o time_n and_o more_o constancy_n to_o continue_v and_o now_o the_o heaven_n themselves_o seem_v to_o pity_v their_o poor_a estate_n by_o send_v the_o roman_a governor_n out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o confine_v the_o army_n as_o it_o be_v into_o another_o island_n by_o which_o mean_v opportunity_n of_o revenge_n and_o hope_n of_o liberty_n be_v offer_v and_o final_o that_o be_v assemble_v to_o advise_v and_o deliberate_v together_o they_o have_v obtain_v the_o hard_a point_n in_o a_o action_n of_o that_o nature_n wherein_o it_o be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o be_v take_v consult_v then_o do_v with_o these_o and_o the_o like_a speech_n they_o stir_v up_o one_o another_o each_o man_n lay_v his_o own_o particular_a grievance_n and_o add_v they_o to_o the_o common_a cause_n about_o this_o time_n divers_a prodigious_a sign_n be_v note_v to_o portend_v the_o subversion_n of_o the_o roman_a colony_n as_o namely_o a_o image_n of_o victory_n fall_v down_o reverse_v at_o camalodunum_n strange_a noise_n sound_v in_o the_o air_n strange_a apparition_n see_v in_o the_o sea_n the_o ocean_n bloody_a in_o show_n and_o the_o print_n of_o man_n body_n on_o the_o sand_n diverse_a construction_n be_v make_v of_o these_o thing_n as_o ominous_a whether_o that_o they_o proceed_v of_o some_o natural_a cause_n though_o not_o always_o observe_v or_o else_o that_o they_o do_v necessary_o forgo_v the_o ruin_n and_o change_v of_o great_a state_n howbeit_o common_o in_o such_o case_n man_n mind_n do_v misgive_v they_o while_o they_o frame_v the_o future_a event_n of_o thing_n answerable_a to_o their_o own_o fearful_a imagination_n and_o great_a alteration_n fall_v out_o sometime_o after_o like_a accident_n they_o superstitious_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v always_o the_o certain_a forerunner_n of_o destruction_n the_o apprehension_n of_o these_o thing_n at_o the_o first_o strike_v the_o roman_n with_o great_a fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o general_n and_o thereupon_o they_o require_v the_o aid_n of_o catus_n decianus_n the_o province_n the_o receiver_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n procurator_n who_o send_v a_o small_a company_n bad_o arm_v to_o reinforce_v the_o garrison_n the_o old_a soldier_n that_o have_v be_v leave_v within_o the_o town_n although_o few_o in_o number_n yet_o trust_v to_o the_o frenchise_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o not_o doubt_v the_o secret_a conspiracy_n of_o their_o confederate_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n careless_a as_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n follow_v their_o pleasure_n and_o make_v no_o provision_n for_o defence_n the_o britain_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n take_v arm_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o voadica_fw-la a_o lady_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o king_n for_o in_o matter_n of_o government_n they_o make_v no_o difference_n of_o sex_n and_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o colony_n determine_v first_o to_o assail_v the_o town_n and_o fort_n in_o their_o passage_n thither_o which_o they_o attempt_v according_o and_o with_o no_o great_a difficulty_n surprise_v the_o great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o good_a success_n the_o britain_n have_v in_o take_v in_o some_o place_n of_o defence_n as_o they_o march_v forward_o make_v they_o desirous_a and_o adventurous_a to_o invade_v the_o colony_n itself_o and_o voadica_fw-la as_o their_o leader_n be_v a_o woman_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o comely_a personage_n apparaled_a in_o a_o loose_a gown_n of_o divers_a colour_n with_o a_o golden_a chain_n about_o her_o neck_n and_o a_o light_a spear_n in_o her_o hand_n stand_v upon_o a_o heap_n of_o turf_n the_o better_a to_o be_v see_v her_o daughter_n on_o each_o side_n of_o she_o with_o a_o shrill_a voice_n utter_v these_o or_o the_o like_a word_n the_o oration_n of_o the_o gallant_a lady_n voadica_fw-la to_o the_o britain_n it_o be_v no_o new_a custom_n for_o the_o britain_n to_o make_v war_n under_o the_o lead_n of_o a_o woman_n ennoble_v by_o their_o birth_n and_o descent_n the_o example_n of_o former_a time_n can_v well_o witness_v the_o experience_n thereof_o howbeit_o at_o this_o present_a i_o will_v disclaim_v all_o title_n of_o dignity_n and_o prerogative_n of_o blood_n and_o what_o difference_n soever_o there_o be_v in_o our_o estate_n yet_o shall_v our_o fortune_n in_o this_o action_n be_v indifferent_a and_o common_a to_o we_o both_o it_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o repeat_v that_o which_o you_o all_o know_v but_o too_o well_o namely_o what_o misery_n we_o have_v endure_v under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o this_o proud_a nation_n you_o have_v have_v the_o trial_n both_o of_o liberty_n and_o bondage_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o you_o find_v now_o how_o much_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o and_o howsoever_o some_o of_o you_o heretofore_o for_o private_a respect_n have_v incline_v to_o the_o roman_a governor_n as_o favourer_n of_o their_o usurp_a sovereignty_n yet_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v now_o confess_v with_o i_o that_o freedom_n in_o a_o poor_a estate_n be_v better_a than_o golden_a fetter_n for_o what_o abuse_n can_v there_o be_v name_v so_o vile_a or_o indignity_n so_o disgraceful_a that_o have_v not_o be_v offer_v we_o without_o respect_n of_o degree_n age_n or_o sex_n we_o till_o our_o ground_n and_o sweat_v for_o other_o man_n that_o reap_v the_o sweat_n of_o our_o travel_n the_o wealth_n that_o we_o gather_v together_o to_o maintain_v ourselves_o and_o our_o family_n be_v by_o other_o man_n wasteful_o and_o riotous_o misspend_v we_o have_v nothing_o our_o own_o but_o what_o they_o leave_v we_o and_o nothing_o leave_v we_o but_o labour_n and_o vexation_n our_o body_n and_o estate_n be_v consume_v to_o satisfy_v their_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n we_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o our_o head_n toll-free_a so_o narrow_o we_o be_v sift_v from_o the_o high_a to_o the_o low_a other_o subdue_a nation_n be_v yet_o by_o death_n free_a from_o bondage_n but_o we_o even_o after_o death_n seem_v to_o live_v still_o in_o thraldom_n while_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o pay_v tribute_n as_o well_o for_o the_o dead_a as_o the_o live_n what_o be_v we_o a_o nation_n so_o contemptible_a that_o we_o can_v serve_v to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n or_o so_o unhappy_a that_o death_n itself_o can_v acquit_v we_o from_o be_v miserable_a how_o long_o
there_o seem_v to_o fear_v and_o reverence_v he_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o come_n be_v diverse_o report_v at_o the_o first_o but_o the_o britain_n deride_v he_o for_o as_o man_n be_v bear_v free_a they_o know_v not_o till_o that_o time_n the_o power_n of_o the_o libertine_n man_n make_v free_a but_o rather_o marvel_v that_o a_o captain_n and_o a_o army_n which_o have_v achieve_v so_o great_a a_o enterprise_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o obey_v and_o yield_v a_o account_n of_o their_o action_n to_o a_o base_a bondslave_n as_o they_o term_v he_o these_o thing_n howsoever_o they_o be_v censure_v by_o other_o yet_o they_o be_v report_v to_o nero_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o reporter_n thought_n may_v best_o content_v he_o and_o suetonius_n after_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ship_n be_v command_v the_o war_n be_v not_o yet_o finish_v to_o deliver_v up_o his_o army_n to_o petronius_n turpilianus_n who_o have_v but_o even_o a_o little_a before_o give_v up_o his_o counselship_n turpilianus_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o soft_a spirit_n and_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o britain_n fault_n be_v more_o tractable_a and_o ready_a to_o remit_v they_o by_o which_o mean_v have_v compose_v his_o former_a trouble_n he_o deliver_v up_o his_o charge_n to_o tribellius_n maximus_n who_o unfitnesse_n for_o action_n and_o want_v of_o experience_n in_o military_a matter_n give_v the_o more_o boldness_n to_o the_o britain_n that_o begin_v now_o to_o discover_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o governor_n have_v learn_v both_o to_o flatter_v and_o dissemble_v in_o confirm_v themselves_o to_o the_o present_a time_n and_o occasion_n for_o their_o advantage_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yield_v themselves_o to_o those_o pleasure_n which_o security_n use_v to_o endanger_v even_o in_o mind_n well-disposed_a by_o nature_n for_o trebellius_n beside_o his_o insufficiency_n abuse_v the_o authority_n of_o his_o place_n to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o poll_n the_o common_a soldier_n and_o roscuis_n caelius_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o twenty_o legion_n whet_v they_o on_o against_o he_o as_o against_o a_o ancient_a enemy_n so_o that_o in_o the_o end_n they_o break_v out_o into_o heinous_a term_n the_o one_o object_v matter_n of_o crime_n against_o the_o other_o trebellius_n charge_v caelius_n with_o factious_a behaviour_n caelius_n again_o trebellius_n with_o begger_v the_o legion_n and_o the_o discord_n between_o they_o grow_v so_o far_o that_o trebellius_n be_v despise_v as_o well_o by_o the_o hide_v as_o the_o legion_n both_o of_o they_o sort_v themselves_o to_o caelius_n his_o side_n be_v in_o great_a fear_n of_o his_o life_n the_o danger_n whereof_o he_o seek_v to_o prevent_v rather_o by_o fly_v away_o then_o by_o execute_v any_o exemplary_a justice_n upon_o offender_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o soldier_n neglect_v the_o ancient_a discipline_n of_o war_n fall_v to_o mutiny_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o riot_n as_o man_n that_o have_v rather_o be_v do_v ill_a then_o do_v nothing_o afterward_o trebellius_n take_v again_o his_o former_a place_n as_o it_o be_v by_o capitulation_n seem_v to_o govern_v only_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o soldier_n who_o find_v his_o weakness_n and_o want_n of_o judgement_n to_o use_v his_o authority_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o list_v and_o herewith_o also_o the_o lieutenant_n himself_o seem_v content_v as_o be_v now_o give_v over_o altogether_o to_o a_o slothful_a kind_n of_o life_n term_v it_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o which_o the_o death_n of_o nero_n the_o emperor_n and_o the_o civil_a discord_n at_o that_o time_n between_o otho_n and_o vitellius_n contend_v for_o the_o sovereignty_n minister_v some_o colour_n of_o excuse_n not_o long_o before_o this_o time_n the_o fourteen_o legion_n famous_a for_o many_o great_a attempt_n and_o grow_v now_o more_o insolent_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v revoke_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n to_o have_v be_v send_v to_o the_o strait_n about_o the_o caspian_a sea_n though_o afterward_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o the_o revolt_n in_o gallia_n spain_n when_o julius_n vindex_n take_v arm_n against_o nero_n it_o be_v retain_v about_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n for_o a_o safeguard_n to_o those_o part_n in_o the_o turbulent_a time_n that_o ensue_v nero_n death_n it_o take_v part_n with_o otho_n against_o vitellius_n at_o the_o battle_n near_o bebriacum_n where_o otho_n be_v overthrow_v and_o vitellius_n after_o the_o victory_n suspect_v the_o soldier_n of_o that_o legion_n as_o know_v their_o great_a stomach_n and_o ill_a affection_n towards_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o join_v to_o they_o the_o hollander_n the_o band_n of_o hollander_n battanian_a cohort_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inveterate_a hatred_n between_o they_o they_o may_v one_o oppose_v the_o other_o and_o himself_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n remain_v more_o secure_a vectius_n bolanus_n a_o man_n not_o much_o unlike_a trebellius_n in_o some_o respect_n be_v send_v over_o by_o vitellius_n during_o the_o time_n of_o who_o government_n the_o like_a disorder_n still_o continue_v in_o the_o camp_n vitellius_n be_v three_o after_o nero_n for_o galba_n succeed_v he_o and_o continue_a emperor_n for_o six_o month_n and_o a_o little_a more_o him_z otho_fw-la slay_v who_o empire_n continue_v a_o less_o time_n for_o be_v in_o the_o four_o battle_n which_o he_o fight_v with_o vitellius_n 763._o mr._n br._n f._n 763._o conquer_v by_o he_o have_v have_v victory_n in_o the_o three_o former_a impatient_a of_o his_o dishonour_n kill_v himself_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o emperor_n but_o three_o month_n and_o vitellius_n which_o triumph_v over_o he_o enjoy_v as_o short_a and_o imperial_a a_o life_n only_o eight_o month_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o his_o death_n for_o his_o cruel_a wickedness_n be_v dishonourable_a stab_v to_o death_n cast_v into_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o want_v burial_n cum_fw-la vitellius_n multa_fw-la crudeliter_fw-la ac_fw-la nequiter_fw-la romae_fw-la ageret_fw-la minutissimorum_fw-la ictuum_fw-la punctionibus_fw-la est_fw-la excarnificatus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la in_o tiberim_n mersus_fw-la communi_fw-la caruit_fw-la sepultura_fw-la say_v that_o bolanus_n by_o the_o mildness_n of_o his_o nature_n be_v not_o touch_v otherwise_o in_o his_o reputation_n have_v purchase_v love_n and_o good_a will_v instead_o of_o fear_n and_o disobedience_n in_o this_o time_n divers_a choice_n man_n of_o war_n take_v out_o of_o the_o legion_n in_o britain_n be_v conduct_v to_o rome_n by_o hordonius_n flaccus_n in_o aid_n of_o vitellius_n but_o when_o vespasian_n make_v war_n for_o the_o empire_n bolanus_n refuse_v to_o send_v vitellius_n any_o succour_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o britain_n find_v the_o roman_n state_n encumber_a with_o civil_a dissension_n begin_v to_o revolt_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o some_o of_o they_o also_o show_v open_o in_o favour_n for_o vespasian_n who_o have_v carry_v himself_o honourable_o in_o britain_n when_o claudius_n be_v there_o and_o seem_v now_o by_o many_o ominous_a prediction_n to_o be_v a_o man_n special_o mark_v for_o the_o empire_n the_o death_n of_o vitellius_n quench_v the_o flame_n of_o civil_a broil_n among_o the_o roman_n confirm_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o vespasian_n who_o show_v the_o care_n and_o respect_n he_o have_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o britain_n by_o employ_v great_a captain_n and_o good_a soldier_n there_o of_o this_o vespasian_n say_v that_o grave_a author_n mr._n broughton_n 166._o mr._n brough_n fol._n 166._o we_o find_v in_o ancient_a history_n manuscript_n and_o other_o write_v divers_a hundred_o year_n since_o that_o this_o vespasian_n be_v miraculous_o cure_v of_o a_o natural_a incurable_a disease_n by_o the_o power_n of_o christ_n do_v plain_o acknowledge_v he_o to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o god_n fuist_n le_fw-fr filz_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr and_o promise_v thereupon_o to_o revenge_v his_o death_n upon_o the_o jew_n which_o he_o perform_v when_o he_o sack_v jerusalem_n and_o slave_v that_o people_n for_o execute_v which_o justice_n of_o god_n and_o desolation_n of_o the_o jewish_a nation_n from_o this_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n though_o so_o far_o distant_a thence_o be_v present_a there_o ang._n joseph_n bengor_n apud_fw-la rich._n hakluit_fw-la praef_n l._n naviga_fw-la ang._n as_o both_o hebrew_n and_o english_a writer_n witness_n 20000_o soldier_n i_o read_v say_v a_o learned_a author_n in_o joseph_n bengorion_n a_o very_a authentical_a hebrew_n author_n a_o testimony_n of_o pass_v of_o twenty_o thousand_o britain_n valiant_a soldier_n to_o the_o siege_n and_o fearful_a sack_n of_o jerusalem_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o vespasian_n and_o titus_n the_o roman_a emperor_n therefore_o so_o many_o thousand_o go_v so_o great_a a_o journey_n to_o fight_v under_o so_o christianly_o mind_v a_o general_n and_o for_o the_o quarrel_n of_o christ_n we_o can_v think_v but_o many_o of_o these_o be_v in_o judgement_n also_o act_n or_o both_o christian_n and_o so_o
anton._n philos_n 13_o year_n 19_o ælius_n pertinax_n 6_o month_n 20_o didius_n julianus_n 7_o month_n 21_o septimius_n severus_n britt_n 18_o year_n pessenius_fw-la niger_n usurper_n clodius_n albinus_n usurper_n 22_o anton._n bassianus_n caracalla_n britt_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o severus_n six_o year_n geta_n caesar_n britt_n the_o young_a son_n of_o sept._n severus_n 23_o opilius_n macrinus_n 1_o year_n 2_o month_n 24_o varius_n heliogabulus_n the_o base_a son_n of_o caracalla_n 4_o year_n 25_o alexander_n severus_n a_o kinsman_n of_o heliogab_n 13_o year_n 26_o julius_n maximinus_n 3_o year_n balbinus_n caesar_n elect._n pupienus_n caesar_n elect._n 27_o gordianus_n the_o father_n with_o his_o two_o son_n and_o his_o nephew_n 6_o year_n c._n valens_n hostilianus_n caesar_n 28_o philippus_n the_o arabian_a 5_o year_n 29_o decius_n trajanus_n 2_o year_n 30_o vibius_n pallus_n hostilian_n with_o his_o son_n volusianus_n 2_o year_n 31_o æmilius_n of_o mauritania_n 3_o month_n 32_o licinius_n velerianus_n 15_o year_n 33_o gallienus_n the_o son_n of_o valerianus_n 9_o year_n valerianus_n brother_n of_o gallienus_n caesar_n cassius_n labienus_n posthumus_n caesar_n 34_o flavius_n claudius_n 2_o year_n 35_o aurelius_n quintillus_n the_o brother_n of_o claudius_n 17_o day_n 36_o valerius_n aurelianus_n 5_o year_n and_o 6_o month_n 37_o tacitus_n 6_o month_n 38_o annius_n florianus_n brother_n to_o tacitus_n 60_o year_n 39_o valerius_n probus_n 6_o year_n 4_o month_n 40_o carus_n narbonensis_n 2_o year_n numerianus_n caesar_n carinus_n caesar_n dioclesianus_n 20_o year_n maximianus_n herculeius_n caesar_n constantius_n chlorus_n 4_o year_n galerius_n maximus_n 11_o year_n severus_n caesar_n maximianus_n caesar_n maxentius_n son_n of_o maximian_n 6_o year_n licinius_n 14_o year_n constantinus_n magnus_n 30_o year_n magnentius_n usurper_n constantinus_n the_o 3_o son_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a constans_n the_o 3_o son_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 47_o constantius_n the_o 3_o son_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 48_o julianus_n apostata_fw-la 1_o year_n 6_o month_n 49_o jovinianus_n 8_o month_n 50_o valentinianus_n 12_o year_n valens_n his_o brother_n caesar_n 51_o gratianus_n 6_o year_n valentinian_o caesar_n theodosius_n caesar_n 52_o theodosius_n 3_o year_n 53_o arcadius_n 13_o year_n 54_o honorius_n 28_o year_n lieutenant_n in_o britain_n from_o nerva_n cocceius_n his_o entrance_n into_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n the_o emperor_n lieutenant_n under_o nerva_n and_o trajanus_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o lieutenant_n in_o britain_n during_o the_o time_n of_o their_o government_n lieutenant_n under_o adrian_n britt_n julius_n severus_n priscus_n licinius_n lieutenant_n under_o antoninus_n pius_fw-la lollius_n vrbicus_n britt_n lieutenant_n under_o antonin_n philos_fw-la calphulnius_n agricola_n lieutenant_n under_o commodus_n vlpius_n marcellus_n helvius_n pertinax_n clodius_n albinus_n junius_n severus_n lieutenant_n under_o pertinax_n clodius_n albinus_n lieutenant_n under_o did._n julianus_n clodius_n albinus_n lieutenant_n under_o sept._n severus_n britt_n heraclianus_n virius_n lupus_n for_o the_o time_n of_o basianus_fw-la caracalla_n the_o successor_n of_o severus_n unto_o constantine_n the_o great_a there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o approve_a history_n of_o any_o lieutenant_n in_o britain_n deputy_n under_o constantine_n the_o great_a pacatianus_n deputy_n under_o constantius_n the_o young_a son_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a martinus_n alipius_n deputy_n under_o honorius_n chrysanthus_n victorinus_n prince_n and_o secular_a man_n of_o special_a note_n among_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o calphurnius_fw-la agricola_n government_n under_o mar._n aurel._n antonin_n philos_fw-la lucius_n surname_v lever-maur_n the_o first_o christian_a prince_n in_o britain_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o aurelianus_n bonosus_n a_o usurper_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o britain_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o constantius_n the_o young_a son_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a magnentius_n toporus_n usurper_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o britain_n archbishop_n of_o london_n from_o the_o time_n of_o king_n lucius_n until_o the_o come_n of_o the_o saxon_n 1_o thean_a 2_o clavus_fw-la 3_o cador._n 4_o obinus_n 5_o conanus_fw-la 6_o paladius_fw-la 7_o stephanus_n 8_o jetut_n 9_o dedwinus_fw-la 10_o thedredus_fw-la 11_o hillarius_fw-la 12_o guidilinus_n 13_o vodinus_n who_o live_v when_o the_o saxon_n first_o enter_v the_o land_n hitherto_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o success_n of_o time_n and_o affair_n in_o britain_n under_o the_o first_o twelve_o emperor_n of_o rome_n the_o same_o be_v record_v by_o such_o writer_n as_o have_v best_a mean_n to_o understand_v the_o truth_n thereof_o and_o be_v principal_a register_n of_o thing_n do_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o those_o time_n as_o for_o the_o occurrent_n ensue_v the_o death_n of_o domitian_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n in_o who_o time_n the_o roman_a government_n cease_v they_o be_v imperfect_o report_v or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o mere_o omit_v so_o that_o i_o be_o force_v of_o many_o thing_n only_o to_o make_v a_o bare_a and_o brief_a relation_n as_o unwilling_a by_o add_v or_o diminish_v to_o aâ—ter_v in_o substance_n what_o antiquity_n have_v leave_v we_o or_o fill_v up_o blank_n with_o conjecture_n or_o project_n of_o my_o invention_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o 104._o the_o lib._n 3._o f_o 104._o british_a history_n and_o therefore_o howsoever_o this_o book_n follow_v which_o comprehend_v the_o act_n of_o many_o more_o year_n than_o the_o former_a may_v seem_v to_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o kind_n of_o disproportion_n from_o the_o other_o two_o and_o likewise_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o style_n and_o composition_n to_o be_v somewhat_o different_a from_o they_o yet_o the_o cause_n thereof_o aught_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o very_a matter_n themselves_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n fragment_n and_o naked_a memorial_n the_o loose_a end_n of_o time_n without_o observation_n of_o circumstance_n or_o congruity_n in_o substance_n which_o will_v hardly_o admit_v any_o method_n befit_v a_o continue_a history_n and_o i_o owe_v so_o much_o love_n and_o reverence_n to_o truth_n as_o i_o will_v rather_o expose_v she_o in_o the_o mean_a and_o worst_a habit_n that_o time_n have_v leave_v she_o then_o by_o disguise_v she_o to_o abuse_v the_o world_n and_o make_v she_o seem_v a_o counterfeit_n after_o the_o death_n of_o titus_n domitian_n his_o young_a brother_n take_v the_o empire_n upon_o he_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v before_o differ_v so_o much_o from_o his_o brother_n and_o vespasian_n his_o father_n before_o he_o that_o he_o fall_v into_o such_o great_a pride_n and_o impiety_n that_o he_o cause_v and_o command_v himself_o to_o be_v call_v and_o worship_v as_o a_o god_n and_o be_v the_o second_o after_o nero_n who_o set_v forth_o his_o cruel_a edict_n to_o that_o end_n persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n which_o cruelty_n of_o he_o although_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o our_o christian_n britain_n in_o rome_n still_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n enjoy_v there_o their_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n from_o compulsion_n to_o square_v themselves_o in_o matter_n of_o religion_n to_o the_o imperial_a law_n and_o edict_n at_o which_o time_n many_o of_o those_o banish_v and_o persecute_v christian_n as_o in_o the_o persecution_n of_o nero_n before_o as_o good_a antiquary_n tell_v we_o flee_v into_o this_o our_o britain_n whether_o that_o persecution_n do_v not_o nor_o can_v extend_v itself_o for_o refuge_n and_o succour_n domitian_n be_v now_o dead_a nerva_n revoke_v all_o his_o cruel_a edict_n against_o christian_n and_o recall_v such_o as_o be_v banish_v nerva_n primo_fw-la edicto_fw-la svo_fw-la cunctos_fw-la exules_fw-la 170._o mr._n b_o f._n 170._o quos_fw-la domitianus_n relegavit_fw-la revocari_fw-la precepit_fw-la nerva_n be_v a_o prince_n much_o honour_v for_o his_o virtue_n but_o in_o what_o estate_n the_o affair_n of_o britain_n then_o stand_v the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n make_v no_o mention_n either_o for_o that_o the_o emperor_n be_v a_o man_n strike_v in_o year_n and_o dispose_v to_o ease_n and_o quietness_n employ_v himself_o rather_o in_o reform_v abuse_n at_o home_n then_o in_o maintain_v war_n abroad_o or_o else_o for_o that_o the_o short_a continuance_n of_o his_o government_n do_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o great_a action_n in_o place_n so_o remote_a for_o have_v hold_v the_o empire_n little_a above_o a_o year_n emperor_n the_o first_o election_n of_o a_o stranger_n to_o be_v emperor_n he_o leave_v the_o same_o by_o death_n to_o vlpius_n trajanus_n a_o spaniard_n who_o he_o have_v adopt_v for_o his_o valour_n and_o wisdom_n be_v then_o even_o the_o first_o precedent_n for_o elect_a stranger_n in_o his_o time_n some_o of_o the_o britain_n desirous_a to_o free_a themselves_o from_o the_o roman_a tyranny_n enter_v into_o rebellion_n but_o want_v mean_n to_o effect_v what_o they_o have_v begin_v they_o soon_o give_v
'_o imperator_fw-la victoriam_fw-la svam_fw-la gaudenter_fw-la attribuit_fw-la and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o the_o mistake_n in_o some_o historian_n or_o their_o scribe_n set_v down_o so_o many_o and_o several_a time_n when_o king_n lucius_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n or_o profess_v it_o many_o say_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 156._o other_o in_o the_o year_n 164._o and_o other_o 185_o as_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o henry_n of_o hartford_n 169._o and_o other_o in_o other_o and_o late_a time_n that_o such_o be_v the_o state_n of_o britain_n for_o spiritual_a affair_n in_o this_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n daily_o diminish_v and_o decay_v and_o christian_a religion_n in_o all_o place_n and_o person_n increase_v and_o multiply_v both_o authority_n and_o the_o know_v certain_a effect_n itself_o the_o sure_a testimony_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v witness_v and_o this_o be_v the_o condition_n thereof_o until_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o papacy_n of_o st._n soter_n or_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o year_n thereof_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 175._o when_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o edict_n of_o marcus_n aurelius_n emperor_n before_o the_o strange_a delivery_n of_o he_o and_o his_o army_n by_o the_o christian_n miraculous_a prayer_n he_o suffer_v many_o christian_n to_o live_v in_o quiet_a and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o about_o he_o invenique_fw-la magnam_fw-la eorum_fw-la multitudinem_fw-la and_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o army_n in_o distress_n send_v for_o they_o and_o entreat_v they_o to_o pray_v for_o his_o delivery_n eos_n qui_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la christiani_n dicuntur_fw-la ac_fw-la accersivi_fw-la ac_fw-la rogavi_fw-la which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v do_v be_v a_o wise_a and_o learned_a emperor_n but_o that_o either_o by_o the_o apology_n of_o athenagoras_n the_o virtue_n and_o miracle_n of_o many_o christian_n or_o some_o other_o invincible_a argument_n his_o judgement_n be_v then_o whole_o or_o almost_o convict_v that_o their_o religion_n be_v holy_a and_o they_o also_o and_o therefore_o likely_a to_o be_v powerable_a with_o god_n to_o procure_v his_o safety_n which_o his_o own_o prayer_n and_o sacrifice_n to_o his_o pagan_a god_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v '_o deos_fw-la patrios_fw-la votis_fw-la '_o susceptis_fw-la rogavi_fw-la sed_fw-la cum_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_v negligerer_n as_o himself_o public_o profess_v and_o therefore_o prefer_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o christian_n appeal_v unto_o they_o but_o after_o god_n by_o the_o prayer_n of_o the_o christian_n which_o he_o procure_v they_o to_o make_v have_v so_o miraculous_o deliver_v he_o and_o his_o army_n consist_v but_o of_o four_o legion_n not_o 27_o thousand_o man_n environ_v almost_o with_o a_o thousand_o thousand_o of_o enemy_n as_o the_o common_a read_n be_v '_o hostium_fw-la nonagintorum_fw-la &_o septuaginta_fw-la '_o septem_fw-la millia_fw-la and_o his_o people_n distress_v with_o thirst_n and_o hunger_n not_o have_v drink_v in_o five_o day_n by_o send_v a_o most_o cool_a and_o comfort_v rain_n into_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o distress_a emperor_n and_o hail_n like_o fire_n and_o lightning_n among_o his_o enemy_n confound_v and_o discomfit_v they_o he_o present_o send_v out_o his_o imperial_a letter_n and_o edict_n charge_v the_o senate_n of_o rome_n to_o confirm_v they_o with_o their_o decree_n wherein_o whole_o ascribe_v this_o delivery_n of_o his_o army_n and_o himself_o and_o confusion_n of_o his_o enemy_n to_o the_o god_n of_o the_o christian_n and_o their_o prayer_n unto_o he_o wherein_o he_o give_v free_a liberty_n for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v a_o christian_n concedamus_fw-la talibus_fw-la ut_fw-la sint_fw-la christiani_n and_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v molest_v for_o be_v a_o christian_a for_o religion_n censeo_fw-la neminem_fw-la quod_fw-la christianus_n sit_v esse_fw-la in_o crimen_fw-la vel_fw-la judicium_fw-la vocandum_fw-la and_o he_o that_o shall_v accuse_v any_o christian_n for_o religion_n shall_v be_v burn_v alive_a and_o that_o he_o that_o shall_v profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o christian_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o all_o danger_n intend_v against_o he_o for_o that_o cause_n and_o no_o governor_n of_o any_o province_n shall_v punish_v any_o such_o for_o his_o religion_n or_o deprive_v he_o of_o liberty_n volo_fw-la eum_fw-la qui_fw-la christianum_fw-la accusarit_fw-la vivum_fw-la exuri_fw-la illum_fw-la vero_fw-la qui_fw-la se_fw-la christianum_fw-la esse_fw-la professus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la periculo_fw-la omni_fw-la quod_fw-la ob_fw-la eam_fw-la rem_fw-la intendebatur_fw-la liberatum_fw-la be_v cvi_fw-la provincia_fw-la commissa_fw-la est_fw-la nequaquam_fw-la ad_fw-la poenitentiam_fw-la adigat_fw-la aut_fw-la libertatem_fw-la ei_fw-la adimat_fw-la and_o he_o will_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o senate_n decree_n and_o this_o his_o edict_n to_o be_v propose_v in_o open_a market_n place_n to_o be_v read_v and_o that_o the_o perfect_a of_o the_o city_n then_o vetrasius_fw-la pollio_n shall_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v send_v to_o all_o province_n and_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v forbid_v to_o write_v it_o out_o haec_fw-la autem_fw-la senatus_n consulto_fw-la etiam_fw-la sanciri_fw-la volo_fw-la atque_fw-la hoc_fw-la meum_fw-la edictum_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la divi_z trajani_n proponi_fw-la ut_fw-la legi_fw-la possit_fw-la curae_fw-la autem_fw-la erit_fw-la vetrasio_fw-la pollioni_n praefecto_fw-la vrbis_fw-la ut_fw-la ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la provincias_fw-la haec_fw-la constitutio_fw-la mittatur_fw-la neque_fw-la quisquam_fw-la qui_fw-la eam_fw-la exscribere_fw-la vel_fw-la ipse_fw-la uti_fw-la voluerit_fw-la prohibeatur_fw-la this_o be_v send_v to_o the_o whole_a senate_n of_o rome_n senatui_fw-la populoque_fw-la romano_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n public_a charge_n and_o command_v as_o into_o other_o province_n so_o likewise_o send_v into_o britain_n for_o the_o privilege_n of_o all_o christian_n there_o by_o the_o emperor_n public_a officer_n in_o such_o affair_n the_o ruler_n of_o the_o ctiy_n of_o rome_n ad_fw-la omnes_fw-la provincias_fw-la haec_fw-la constituo_fw-la mittatur_fw-la any_o man_n that_o will_v may_v free_o be_v a_o christian_n and_o no_o man_n under_o pain_n of_o cruel_a death_n to_o burn_v be_v alive_a may_v call_v any_o into_o question_n for_o that_o cause_n and_o to_o give_v great_a testimony_n of_o those_o thing_n in_o britain_n and_o see_v this_o imperial_a edict_n for_o the_o freedom_n of_o christian_n here_o take_v place_n and_o effect_n whereas_o our_o english_a antiquary_n and_o other_o tell_v we_o 181._o floren._n wigorn._n chronic._n anno_fw-la 159._o 181._o that_o trebellius_n and_o pertinax_n the_o roman_a lieutenant_n here_o about_o this_o time_n be_v christian_n our_o countryman_n florentius_n wigorniensis_n plain_o affirm_v that_o pertinax_n be_v a_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o emperor_n army_n when_o this_o miraculous_a victory_n be_v by_o the_o christian_n prayer_n and_o this_o edict_n write_v and_o decree_v for_o their_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n and_o probable_o be_v then_o convert_v to_o the_o faith_n by_o this_o miracle_n and_o the_o emperor_n himself_o who_o in_o his_o public_a cite_a edict_n do_v say_v of_o christian_n that_o in_o equity_n he_o must_v think_v they_o now_o to_o be_v defend_v by_o god_n who_o before_o he_o account_v for_o wicked_a man_n and_o alienate_v from_o god_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o christian_n in_o conscience_n and_o judgement_n and_o he_o must_v needs_o at_o the_o least_o believe_v that_o true_a god_n who_o he_o say_v the_o christian_n do_v bear_v in_o their_o conscience_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a a_o learned_a emperor_n can_v or_o will_v in_o judgement_n reason_n equity_n and_o conscience_n make_v a_o law_n to_o condemn_v man_n to_o so_o cruel_a a_o death_n as_o burn_v alive_a which_o he_o afflict_v upon_o the_o accuser_n of_o christian_n except_o he_o know_v or_o probable_o think_v their_o accusation_n be_v unjust_a and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o accuse_v lawful_a just_a and_o holy_a coillus_n coillus_n the_o son_n of_o marius_n be_v after_o his_o father_n decease_n make_v king_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 125._o rome_n k._n coillus_n bring_v up_o at_o rome_n say_v holinsh_v fabian_n say_v 126._o this_o coillus_n or_o coill_n have_v his_o youthful_a education_n among_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o very_a imperial_a city_n itself_o who_o be_v of_o a_o martial_a spirit_n apply_v his_o time_n to_o warlike_a exercise_n in_o which_o he_o so_o excel_v that_o he_o be_v both_o admire_v and_o belove_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o to_o requite_v their_o favour_n and_o to_o continue_v towards_o he_o their_o good_a affection_n he_o pay_v without_o any_o grudge_n or_o seem_v discontent_n their_o accustom_a tribute_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o spend_v his_o day_n in_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n he_o so_o far_o excel_v in_o bounty_n &_o liberality_n that_o he_o draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o heart_n and_o good_a will_n both_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o commons_o the_o building_n of_o colchester_n be_v ascribe_v to_o this_o king_n which_o be_v the_o
he_o attempt_v by_o force_n to_o suppress_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o army_n adventure_v so_o far_o in_o a_o skirmish_n that_o though_o he_o escape_v with_o life_n yet_o be_v he_o leave_v among_o the_o dead_a and_o suppose_v to_o be_v slay_v afterward_o proceed_v with_o better_a advice_n and_o success_n he_o compose_v the_o trouble_n severe_o punish_v the_o principal_a offender_n and_o use_v some_o rigour_n in_o revenge_v his_o own_o injury_n by_o which_o mean_v grow_v odious_a to_o the_o soldier_n and_o distrust_v his_o own_o safety_n he_o make_v suit_n to_o be_v discharge_v of_o the_o lieutenantship_n then_o be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n assign_v to_o clodius_n albinus_n a_o man_n of_o noble_a birth_n very_o forward_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fortunate_a in_o his_o attempt_n for_o which_o the_o emperor_n commodus_n either_o upon_o fear_n or_o favour_n do_v honour_v he_o with_o the_o title_n of_o caesar_n though_o albinus_n seem_v unwilling_a to_o accept_v it_o and_o afterward_o discover_v his_o disposition_n more_o open_o in_o affect_v the_o ancient_a free_a state_n for_o upon_o a_o false_a report_n of_o the_o death_n of_o commodus_n he_o make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o legion_n in_o britain_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o senate_n who_o government_n he_o have_v commend_v and_o prefer_v the_o same_o before_o that_o of_o emperor_n but_o commodus_n be_v advertise_v thereof_o send_v junius_n severus_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o take_v charge_n of_o the_o army_n this_o emperor_n commodus_n though_o he_o be_v a_o most_o wicked_a man_n exceed_v all_o that_o go_v before_o he_o in_o impiety_n 1._o mr_n bro._n 247._o 1._o as_o marcus_n maximus_n lampridius_n and_o in_o they_o the_o whole_a senate_n of_o rome_n with_o other_o be_v witness_n yet_o as_o a_o scourge_n of_o god_n to_o the_o persecutor_n of_o christian_n he_o oppress_v they_o and_o be_v favourable_a to_o christian_n never_o molest_v they_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o the_o mediation_n of_o marcia_n a_o woman_n who_o he_o exceed_o affect_v and_o be_v as_o dio_n say_v most_o friendly_a to_o christian_n christianorum_fw-la studiosissima_fw-la or_o otherwise_o i_o do_v not_o examine_v he_o remain_v emperor_n all_o pope_n elutherius_n his_o time_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n albinus_n retire_v himself_o from_o affair_n till_o commodus_n be_v dead_a and_o pertinax_n elect_v emperor_n than_o he_o continue_v himself_o with_o didius_n julianus_n who_o the_o soldier_n that_o then_o make_v open_a sale_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v elect_v after_o the_o death_n of_o pertinax_n but_o julianus_n be_v infamous_a for_o his_o vice_n and_o fail_v to_o perform_v his_o promise_n make_v to_o the_o soldier_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n forsake_v of_o they_o and_o afterward_o be_v murder_v upon_o report_n of_o julianus_n his_o death_n septinius_n severus_n a_o man_n adorn_v with_o excellent_a gift_n of_o nature_n be_v declare_v emperor_n and_o for_o that_o he_o fear_v clodius_n albinus_n who_o then_o recover_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n he_o make_v he_o his_o associate_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o send_v hereclianus_n to_o be_v quietant_fw-la of_o the_o province_n which_o hereclianus_n soon_o after_o resign_v to_o virius_n lupe_n but_o desire_v of_o sovereignty_n that_o can_v long_o endure_v equal_a in_o decree_n make_v the_o one_o jealeous_a of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o fire_n of_o ambition_n that_o have_v be_v smother_v for_o a_o time_n burst_v out_o at_o length_n into_o a_o flame_n for_o severus_n have_v pacify_v some_o tumult_n in_o the_o west_n part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o after_o many_o conflict_n subdue_v pescenius_n niger_n who_o usurp_v the_o empire_n in_o the_o east_n pretend_v the_o breach_n of_o association_n as_o a_o colour_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o albinus_n who_o understand_v thereof_o transport_v over_o the_o sea_n a_o mighty_a army_n furnish_v with_o abundance_n of_o victual_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n itself_o which_o then_o through_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n apply_v themselves_o to_o tillage_n and_o husbandry_n yield_v plenty_n of_o grain_n and_o serve_v the_o roman_n as_o a_o garner_n of_o the_o west_n empire_n out_o of_o which_o they_o carry_v yearly_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n to_o maintain_v their_o army_n in_o gallia_n and_o germany_n franco_n lion_n in_o franco_n near_o lugdunum_n in_o gallia_n severus_n encounter_v with_o albinus_n who_o force_n be_v there_o defeat_v and_o himself_o slay_v then_o severus_n make_v preparation_n for_o his_o voyage_n into_o britain_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o change_v of_o governor_n be_v grow_v much_o out_o of_o order_n and_o although_o the_o britain_n upon_o intelligence_n of_o his_o purpose_n do_v send_v over_o ambassador_n to_o offer_v their_o voluntary_a submission_n yet_o the_o emperor_n in_o who_o neither_o age_n nor_o sickness_n have_v abate_v the_o heat_n of_o ambition_n will_v not_o direct_o accept_v thereof_o but_o entertain_v they_o with_o delay_n till_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o readiness_n for_o his_o expedition_n so_o earnest_a a_o desire_n he_o have_v to_o pass_v into_o the_o further_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o to_o purchase_v the_o surname_n of_o britannicus_n as_o a_o honourable_a addition_n to_o his_o other_o title_n his_o two_o son_n bassianus_n common_o call_v caracalla_n and_o getta_n he_o take_v with_o he_o as_o doubt_v their_o agreement_n in_o his_o absence_n to_o getta_n his_o young_a son_n after_o his_o arrival_n in_o britain_n he_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n there_o for_o civil_a cause_n wherein_o aemilius_n paulus_n papinianus_n the_o famous_a lawyer_n who_o as_o chief_a minister_n of_o justice_n under_o he_o have_v his_o tribunal_n at_o eboracum_n be_v command_v to_o assist_v and_o direct_v he_o york_n york_n severus_n himself_o and_o bassianus_n with_o the_o army_n march_v northward_o against_o the_o meatae_n scotland_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o hither_o part_n of_o scotland_n a_o people_n border_v upon_o the_o calidonian_o and_o in_o league_n with_o they_o virius_n lupus_n but_o a_o little_a before_o have_v assail_v to_o enter_v the_o country_n by_o force_n when_o the_o meatae_n stand_v upon_o their_o own_o strength_n withstand_v he_o and_o force_v he_o in_o the_o end_n to_o purchase_v his_o peace_n with_o money_n then_o severus_n haste_v into_o calidonia_n where_o find_v the_o passage_n uncertain_a and_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fen_n wood_n and_o deep_a water_n he_o cause_v tree_n to_o be_v fell_v and_o bridge_n and_o cawsy_n to_o be_v make_v for_o his_o soldier_n to_o march_v over_o the_o calidonian_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o charge_v the_o roman_n who_o be_v much_o encumber_a for_o want_n of_o firm_a ground_n and_o be_v often_o time_n force_v to_o trace_v the_o country_n and_o to_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a company_n seek_v place_n of_o advantage_n by_o which_o mean_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o perish_v while_o the_o inhabitant_n lie_v in_o ambush_n and_o sometime_o leave_v their_o cattle_n abroad_o a_o train_n to_o draw_v they_o within_o danger_n sudden_o surprise_v and_o kill_v they_o before_o they_o can_v recover_v their_o camp_n this_o be_v a_o unfortunate_a journey_n to_o the_o roman_n who_o beside_o the_o loss_n which_o they_o sustain_v by_o their_o enemy_n be_v afflict_v with_o disease_n by_o reason_n partly_o of_o the_o unwholesome_a water_n which_o they_o drink_v and_o partly_o of_o the_o contagious_a air_n that_o infect_v their_o spirit_n yea_o many_o time_n they_o kill_v one_o another_o for_o such_o as_o for_o feebleness_n can_v not_o keep_v rank_a in_o march_v be_v slay_v by_o their_o own_o fellow_n time_n 50000._o roman_n lose_v at_o one_o time_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v leave_v a_o prey_n to_o their_o persecute_v enemy_n there_o die_v in_o this_o enterprise_n above_o fifty_o thousand_o roman_n yet_o will_v not_o severus_n withdraw_v his_o force_n thence_o till_o the_o calidonian_o make_v offer_v to_o treat_v of_o peace_n whereto_o he_o then_o hearken_v the_o more_o willing_o for_o that_o he_o see_v the_o difficulty_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n impossibility_n to_o bring_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n whole_o under_o subjection_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o rock_n mountain_n and_o marsh_n as_o also_o for_o that_o the_o county_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n baron_n and_o unfruitful_a the_o benefit_n thereof_o be_v not_o deem_v likely_a to_o countervail_v the_o charge_n in_o get_v and_o keep_v of_o it_o the_o condition_n be_v that_o the_o calidonian_o shall_v first_o disarm_v themselves_o and_o deliver_v part_n of_o the_o country_n lie_v next_o the_o province_n into_o the_o roman_n possession_n and_o that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o they_o shall_v attempt_v nothing_o against_o the_o public_a peace_n which_o article_v agree_v upon_o and_o assurance_n take_v for_o the_o performance_n severus_n retire_v himself_o
power_n of_o footman_n which_o be_v thus_o send_v about_o this_o business_n and_o st._n alban_n be_v so_o renown_v a_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n then_o and_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la so_o famous_a a_o prelate_n and_o so_o know_v to_o the_o persecutor_n that_o they_o pursue_v he_o to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o part_n now_o call_v wales_n and_o from_o thence_o forcible_o bring_v he_o by_o authority_n to_o verulamium_n again_o there_o to_o be_v judge_v and_o martyr_a which_o none_o but_o the_o high_a roman_a power_n here_o can_v do_v alii_fw-la mr._n bro._n fol._n 438._o 1._o the_o rage_n of_o the_o judge_n against_o st._n alban_n manusc_n antiq_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la st._n amphibali_n capg_n in_o eodem_fw-la matth._n west_n a_o 303._o &_o alii_fw-la make_v it_o a_o opinion_n sufficient_o warrantable_a both_o that_o such_o force_n be_v levy_v for_o this_o exploit_n and_o the_o prime_a magistrate_n himself_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o judge_n and_o sentencer_n in_o this_o cause_n of_o so_o noble_a personage_n the_o one_o spiritual_a the_o other_o temporal_a the_o great_a that_o be_v remember_v in_o our_o history_n to_o have_v suffer_v martyrdom_n in_o britain_n in_o that_o rage_a persecution_n the_o troop_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o wicked_a prince_n rush_v into_o the_o house_n of_o st._n alban_n like_o mad_a man_n and_o search_v every_o place_n and_o corner_n at_o last_o find_v he_o in_o his_o countryhouse_n where_o he_o use_v to_o watch_v and_o pray_v with_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la barefooted_a pray_v before_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o his_o master_n have_v leave_v with_o he_o wearing_z his_o caracalla_n or_o coat_n upon_o he_o and_o so_o represent_v st._n amphibalus_fw-la who_o before_o be_v convey_v from_o they_o by_o st._n alban_n which_o they_o understanding_n they_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o st._n alban_n setter_n he_o with_o lock_n and_o chain_n some_o of_o they_o hale_v he_o by_o his_o coat_n other_o by_o the_o hair_n of_o his_o head_n and_o be_v thus_o contumelious_o use_v albani_n the_o great_a devotion_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o his_o reverence_n to_o the_o crucifix_n bed_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o matth_n west_n a_o 303._o serp._n vita_fw-la st._n albani_n he_o continual_o carry_v in_o his_o hand_n the_o cross_n which_o st._n amphibalus_fw-la give_v he_o open_o to_o pronounce_v and_o profess_v himself_o a_o christian_n and_o be_v thus_o despiteful_o bring_v before_o the_o judge_n who_o labour_v by_o all_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o persuade_v and_o induce_v st._n alban_n to_o forsake_v his_o chistian_a religion_n &_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o pagan_a god_n but_o this_o be_v all_o in_o vain_a for_o to_o speak_v in_o a_o old_a british_a author_n word_n st._n alban_n answer_v the_o judge_n that_o his_o word_n be_v vain_a &_o superfluous_a he_o do_v not_o repent_v he_o for_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n for_o the_o miracle_n wrought_v in_o it_o restore_v the_o weak_a and_o sick_a to_o health_n do_v teach_v it_o by_o their_o testimony_n to_o be_v the_o way_n of_o salvation_n he_o will_v not_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o god_n and_o be_v support_v by_o the_o help_n of_o god_n fear_v not_o their_o threat_n and_o torment_n upon_o which_o word_n the_o company_n gather_v together_o whip_v he_o grievous_o who_o be_v thus_o beat_v say_v with_o a_o cheerful_a countenance_n o_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n i_o beseech_v thou_o keep_v my_o mind_n from_o waver_v from_o the_o state_n which_o thou_o have_v give_v i_o o_o lord_n i_o desire_v to_o offer_v my_o life_n a_o holocaust_n &_o with_o effusion_n of_o my_o blood_n to_o be_v thy_o witness_n &_o when_o the_o tormentor_n hand_n be_v weary_a the_o h._n man_n be_v thrust_v into_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o prison_n &_o there_o keep_v six_o month_n whereupon_o the_o element_n themselves_o do_v testify_v the_o injury_n do_v unto_o the_o martyr_n for_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o apprehension_n unto_o his_o death_n neither_o rain_n nor_o dew_n do_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n the_o wind_n do_v not_o blow_v but_o every_o day_n continual_o the_o land_n be_v parch_v up_o with_o most_o fervent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o night_n also_o be_v exceed_v and_o intolerable_a heat_n neither_o field_n nor_o tree_n bear_v any_o fruit_n the_o whole_a world_n do_v fight_v for_o the_o just_a one_o against_o the_o wicked_a the_o citizen_n not_o able_a to_o endure_v this_o affliction_n say_v it_o be_v christ_n who_o alban_n worship_v work_v this_o that_o no_o corn_n nor_o grass_n do_v grow_v unto_o we_o and_o take_v pity_n upon_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o this_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o they_o all_o he_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o bond_n of_o the_o chain_n for_o which_o st._n alban_n be_v very_o sorry_a and_o great_o fear_v lest_o his_o martyrdom_n may_v thereby_o be_v hinder_v look_v upward_o to_o heaven_n groan_v say_v o_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n suffer_v not_o the_o malice_n of_o the_o devil_n so_o much_o to_o prevail_v that_o by_o his_o crafty_a device_n and_o assent_v of_o this_o people_n he_o may_v hinder_v my_o passion_n and_o turn_v himself_o to_o the_o people_n say_v unto_o they_o why_o do_v you_o stay_v if_o you_o know_v not_o to_o give_v sentence_n take_v council_n of_o your_o law_n examine_v the_o statute_n of_o your_o city_n they_o will_v insinuate_v unto_o you_o what_o you_o ought_v to_o do_v why_o do_v you_o make_v delay_n be_v it_o know_v to_o you_o all_o that_o i_o be_o a_o great_a enemy_n to_o your_o god_n for_o how_o can_v they_o be_v worthy_a any_o honour_n which_o be_v know_v to_o have_v no_o divine_a thing_n in_o they_o be_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n and_o you_o yourselves_o be_v their_o witness_n that_o they_o see_v nothing_o hear_v nothing_o understand_v nothing_o oh_o great_o to_o be_v detest_a vanity_n to_o hope_v for_o life_n of_o they_o that_o never_o live_v to_o pray_v unto_o they_o that_o never_o hear_v to_o seek_v health_n of_o thing_n that_o never_o be_v well_o themselves_o whereupon_o i_o absolute_o pronounce_v that_o he_o which_o worship_v such_o be_v most_o mad_a i_o demand_v of_o you_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unhappy_a than_o that_o man_n over_o who_o his_o own_o work_n have_v dominion_n therefore_o woe_n unto_o idol_n and_o woe_n unto_o the_o worshipper_n thereof_o when_o they_o hear_v these_o thing_n with_o a_o general_a consent_n they_o give_v sentence_n of_o death_n against_o the_o holy_a man_n holinhirst_n holinhirst_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o place_n call_v holinhirst_n thus_o far_o this_o old_a british_a writer_n matth._n westm._n capgrave_n and_o other_o consent_v matthew_z of_o westminster_n express_o further_a add_v which_o other_o do_v also_o sufficient_o testify_v that_o as_o before_o his_o judgement_n so_o now_o after_o it_o st._n alban_n often_o kiss_v the_o cross_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n commend_v his_o cause_n to_o god_n and_o continual_o keep_v and_o reverence_v his_o crucifix_n until_o his_o head_n be_v strike_v off_o when_o also_o besprinkle_v with_o his_o holy_a blood_n alban_n matth._n westm_n a_o 3â—3_n in_o st._n alban_n it_o fall_v upon_o the_o grass_n and_o be_v secret_o take_v up_o and_o preserve_v by_o a_o christian_a there_o present_a this_o author_n as_o he_o add_v this_o which_o the_o british_a writer_n want_v so_o want_v he_o something_o before_o relate_v from_o he_o for_o whereas_o the_o british_a antiquary_n say_v that_o the_o citizen_n of_o verulamium_n upon_o strange_a punishment_n wherewith_o god_n afflict_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o st._n alban_n do_v set_v he_o free_a and_o at_o liberty_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o british_a author_n where_o i_o leave_v he_o thus_o he_o with_o other_o proceed_v in_o the_o narration_n of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o this_o holy_a saint_n so_o great_a a_o company_n of_o people_n resort_v to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o martyrdom_n that_o although_o it_o be_v large_a in_o itself_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o great_a multitude_n come_v thither_o at_o that_o time_n it_o seem_v straight_o and_o little_a and_o yet_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o ardent_a dioclesian_n script_n britt_n supr_fw-la manuscrip_n antiq._n vita_fw-la st._n albani_n bede_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o matth._n westm_n a_o 303._o capg_n in_o st._n alban_n hen._n hunting_n l._n 1._o hist_o in_o dioclesian_n that_o the_o ground_n burn_v under_o their_o foot_n in_o their_o passage_n to_o the_o place_n there_o be_v a_o most_o swift_a river_n to_o pass_v over_o and_o the_o multitude_n so_o great_a that_o they_o can_v scarce_o before_o night_n pass_v over_o and_o throng_v one_o another_o many_o fell_a into_o the_o water_n and_o be_v drown_v which_o when_o st._n alban_n perceive_v fall_v down_o upon_o his_o knee_n thus_o he_o pray_v
overthrow_v the_o other_o that_o she_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o base_o bear_v for_o except_v those_o that_o wander_v in_o that_o tract_n all_o agree_v she_o be_v the_o sole_a daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o noble_a british_a king_n coel_n far_o from_o be_v either_o a_o alien_n or_o of_o base_a parentage_n and_o descent_n and_o the_o more_o easy_o to_o overthrow_v they_o it_z first_o fighteth_z with_o and_o so_o overthrow_v itself_o some_o which_o incline_v to_o this_o error_n say_v that_o she_o do_v secret_o fly_v out_o of_o her_o country_n and_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o be_v so_o familiar_a with_o constantius_n the_o emperor_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o history_n that_o constantius_n at_o the_o first_o acquaintance_n with_o helena_n be_v not_o emperor_n nor_o long_o after_o neither_o be_v he_o at_o rome_n but_o in_o britain_n in_o this_o time_n send_v hither_o by_o aurelianus_n the_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 273_o and_o as_o both_o zosimus_n and_o suidas_n say_v live_v most_o here_o and_o be_v send_v hither_o by_o aurelianus_n the_o emperor_n as_o so_o many_o agree_v to_o have_v long_a employment_n and_o great_a cause_n to_o stay_v here_o he_o must_v needs_o come_v hither_o about_o that_o time_n maximi_fw-la marti_fw-la polo_n coxton_n fol._n 38._o hollinshed_n hist_o of_o eng._n l_o 4._o capg_n in_o st._n helen_n nicep_v l._n 7._o c._n 18._o andre_n chesne_n l._n 4._o hist_o marie_n l._n 2_o aetat_fw-la 6._o in_o const_n flor._n wigorn._n chronico_fw-la regi_fw-la in_o a_o 243._o mar._n polo_n in_o supputa_fw-la a_o 307._o otto_n frigen_n l._n 3._o c._n 45._o bede_n l._n hist_o c._n 8._o martin_n polo_n sup_v a_o 309._o col_fw-fr 66._o papinian_n l._n perfect_a f._n de_fw-fr ritu_fw-la nuptiarum_fw-la joan._n capg_n in_o catal_a in_o praefat_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la s._n helenae_n m._n aurelius_n cassidorus_n in_o chron._n zosimus_n come_v in_o constantine_n l._n 2._o mari._n a_o 292._o c._n 301._o maria._n l._n 2_o aetat_fw-la 6._o a_o 305._o col_fw-fr 303._o bede_n hist_o l._n c._n 8._o floren._n wig._n chron._n a_o 328._o &_o 306._o galli_n orat._n panyg_n ad_fw-la con_v apud_fw-la baron_fw-fr tom._n 2._o a_o 306._o hen._n spond_n ibid._n harris_n hist_o eccl_n tom._n 4._o nichol._n vignier_n billiosh_n histor_n ad_fw-la a_o 306._o pompo_n laelus_n in_o camp_n hist_o rom._n in_o const_n max._n eutropius_n l._n 10._o hist_o rom._n constan_n manasses_n l._n annal_n hanibald_n apud_fw-la frithem_n l._n the_o orig_n franc._n euseb_n cron._n a_o 294_o eutrop._n l._n 9_o hist_o rom._n victor_n in_o diocle_n &_o maximi_fw-la for_o by_o all_o antiquity_n aurelianus_n die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v emperor_n but_o a_o short_a time_n so_o that_o neither_o constantius_n nor_o queen_n helena_n can_v be_v either_o at_o rome_n or_o in_o any_o place_n but_o in_o britain_n at_o this_o time_n nicephorus_n and_o some_o late_a after_o he_o will_v have_v she_o to_o be_v bear_v in_o bithynia_n at_o drepanum_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o a_o innkeeper_n there_o with_o who_o constantius_n pass_v that_o way_n to_o the_o persian_n fall_v in_o do_v but_o this_o be_v make_v unpossible_a by_o that_o be_v say_v before_o of_o the_o be_v of_o both_o constantius_n and_o helena_n in_o britain_n so_o remote_a from_o any_o part_n of_o bithynia_n at_o that_o time_n and_o neither_o of_o they_o come_v to_o or_o near_o drepanum_n or_o any_o part_n of_o bithynia_n at_o or_o after_o this_o time_n but_o when_o she_o a_o holy_a widow_n many_o year_n after_o constantius_n death_n pass_v by_o greece_n in_o her_o pilgrimage_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o antiquary_n and_o will_v most_o manifest_o appear_v in_o its_o due_a place_n other_o there_o be_v which_o do_v term_v this_o renown_a empress_n by_o the_o name_n of_o concubina_fw-la as_o marianus_n and_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n as_o they_o have_v be_v late_o publish_v and_o regino_n without_o speak_v any_o thing_n of_o her_o parentage_n or_o country_n and_o martinus_n polonus_n who_o confess_v she_o be_v daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o either_o martinus_n or_o his_o publisher_n have_v with_o gross_a ignorarance_n abuse_v the_o reader_n for_o he_o say_v that_o constantine_n not_o constantius_n beget_v constantine_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 307._o when_o by_o common_a opinion_n constantius_n be_v dead_a before_o and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o they_o bring_v in_o constantine_n the_o great_a to_o be_v emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 309._o when_o by_o their_o account_n he_o can_v not_o be_v two_o year_n old_a the_o other_o three_o if_o their_o publisher_n have_v not_o abuse_v they_o speak_v in_o the_o phrase_n of_o the_o pagan_a roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n call_v all_o the_o wife_n of_o their_o lieutenant_n take_v for_o stranger_n though_o never_o so_o lawful_o join_v in_o true_a marriage_n by_o the_o rude_a term_n of_o concubine_n as_o their_o old_a pagan_a decree_n be_v still_o witness_n against_o they_o when_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n the_o only_a true_a lawful_a wife_n to_o constantius_n this_o i_o have_v write_v here_o to_o answer_v these_o frivolous_a cavil_n against_o that_o bless_a woman_n and_o with_o john_n capgrave_n call_v their_o allegation_n no_o better_o than_o dream_n and_o to_o speak_v still_o in_o his_o word_n that_o opinion_n do_v not_o only_o blemish_v the_o fame_n of_o so_o holy_a a_o woman_n but_o make_v that_o most_o noble_a constantine_n to_o be_v a_o bastard_n beget_v out_o of_o marriage_n and_o so_o disable_v he_o to_o have_v be_v the_o heir_n of_o constantius_n either_o king_n or_o emperor_n when_o all_o man_n know_v he_o come_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o right_a of_o inheritance_n and_o thus_o he_o tax_v the_o author_n of_o ignorance_n these_o thing_n please_v they_o because_o they_o know_v not_o the_o truth_n ipsos_fw-la forsan_fw-la qui_fw-la ista_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la talia_fw-la placuerunt_fw-la quia_fw-la potiara_n &_o veriora_fw-la invenire_fw-la minime_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la divers_a foreign_a historian_n as_o baronius_n spondanus_n and_o other_o write_z as_o plain_o in_o this_o matter_n and_o may_v with_o great_a warrant_n for_o as_o cassiodonus_n be_v a_o able_a witness_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pagan_a report_n and_o raise_v first_o by_o zosimus_n that_o most_o malicious_a ethnic_a and_o railer_n against_o constantine_n for_o profess_v and_o advance_v of_o christian_a religion_n and_o renounce_v idolatry_n and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o best_a learned_a author_n themselves_z which_o in_o any_o sense_n call_v st._n helena_n by_o that_o name_n for_o they_o do_v plain_o confess_v as_o namely_o marianus_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v the_o true_a wife_n of_o constantius_n and_o he_o force_v by_o maximian_n the_o emperor_n to_o put_v she_o away_o and_o take_v theodora_n his_o wife_n daughter_n and_o further_o say_v constantine_n be_v the_o true_a son_n and_o heir_n of_o constantius_n and_o by_o that_o title_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n which_o can_v not_o be_v true_o say_v if_o helen_n have_v not_o be_v his_o lawful_a wife_n neither_o can_v constantius_n by_o this_o learned_a and_o holy_a author_n be_v name_v a_o religious_a father_n if_o he_o have_v not_o beget_v his_o son_n lawful_o in_o true_a marriage_n and_o st._n bede_n confess_v from_o eutropius_n that_o constantine_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n and_o so_o by_o he_o also_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o lawful_a son_n florentius_n wigorn_n write_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o confess_v st._n helen_n to_o have_v be_v here_o in_o britain_n long_o after_o her_o son_n constantine_n be_v emperor_n yet_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a author_n that_o in_o any_o sense_n have_v term_v st._n helen_n by_o that_o name_n it_o be_v evident_a by_o all_o history_n not_o only_o of_o christian_n that_o st._n helen_n be_v a_o most_o chaste_a and_o holy_a woman_n and_o that_o constantius_n also_o live_v in_o conjugal_a chastity_n marry_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a but_o also_o even_o by_o the_o pagan_a writer_n themselves_o as_o witness_v gallicanus_n the_o orator_n that_o live_v in_o this_o time_n in_o his_o public_a oration_n to_o his_o son_n constantine_n and_o other_o therefore_o st._n helen_n be_v the_o first_o woman_n that_o be_v thus_o wed_v unto_o he_o in_o marriage_n she_o must_v needs_o be_v his_o true_a lawful_a wife_n by_o their_o own_o testimony_n and_o the_o same_o author_n witness_v before_o constantine_n at_o the_o public_a solemnity_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o fausta_n in_o most_o plain_a and_o express_v word_n that_o constantine_n be_v bear_v in_o britain_n so_o testify_v divers_a author_n even_o of_o the_o roman_a history_n among_o who_o one_o plain_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v
snowden_n hill_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o rhyvonioc_n in_o denbighshire_n about_o this_o time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a battle_n fight_v in_o anglesey_n call_v the_o battle_n of_o lhanvaes_n in_o this_o year_n be_v the_o 819._o ab_fw-la incarnatione_fw-la 819._o 819._o kenulph_n king_n of_o mercia_n destroy_v west_n wales_n and_o the_o summer_n follow_v he_o overcome_v powis_n land_n and_o do_v much_o hurt_n and_o after_o die_v and_o kenelm_n reign_v in_o his_o place_n about_o the_o same_o year_n also_o howel_n king_n of_o man_n die_v much_o about_o this_o time_n 828._o 828._o a_o great_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o a_o place_n call_v gavelford_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o west_n saxon_n of_o devonshire_n and_o many_o thousand_o cruel_o slay_v upon_o either_o side_n the_o victory_n be_v uncertain_a in_o or_o about_o the_o year_n 836._o the_o dane_n land_v in_o west_n wales_n and_o so_o pass_v through_o wales_n into_o england_n with_o many_o of_o the_o britain_n which_v join_v with_o they_o against_o egbert_n but_o they_o be_v all_o overthrow_v by_o egbert_n at_o hengistdown_n who_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v in_o the_o year_n 841._o die_v edwalhan_n a_o noble_a man_n of_o wales_n and_o two_o year_n after_o be_v the_o battle_n of_o kettel_n betwixt_o burchard_n king_n of_o mercia_n and_o the_o britain_n where_o in_o as_o some_o do_v write_v 841._o 841._o mervin_n vrich_v king_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v slay_v leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rodri_n maur_n that_o be_v to_o say_v roderick_n the_o great_a from_o rodri_n by_o his_o son_n anarawd_n who_o bear_v for_o his_o arm_n or_o three_o lion_n passant_a gules_a mervin_n who_o coat_n be_v or_o a_o lion_n rampant_a gules_a and_o cadel_n who_o take_v for_o his_o arm_n gules_a a_o lion_n ramp_n within_o a_o border_n engrail_v or_n the_o worshipful_a and_o flourish_a family_n of_o the_o morgan_n in_o monmothshire_n who_o to_o this_o day_n quarter_v the_o two_o last_o coat_n by_o match_n and_o coheir_n be_v right_o descend_v of_o which_o line_n william_n morgan_n of_o lantarnam_n esq_n who_o marry_v lady_n frances_n daughter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n derive_v his_o pedigree_n leave_v issue_n sir_n edward_n morgan_n first_o baronet_n of_o that_o lineage_n father_n to_o sr._n edward_n morgan_n baronet_n now_o live_v henry_n morgan_n and_o winefred_n wife_n to_o percy_n enderbid_v compiler_n of_o this_o book_n roderike_n the_o great_a roderike_n the_o great_a begin_v his_o reign_n over_o wales_n the_o year_n after_o christ_n his_o incarnation_n 843._o this_o prince_n divide_v all_o wales_n into_o the_o three_o territory_n of_o aberstraw_n dinivour_n gent._n the_o description_n of_o wales_n by_o sr._n john_n price_n kt_n and_o hump._n lhoyd_n gent._n and_o mathraval_n but_o before_o we_o proceed_v any_o further_a be_v please_v to_o read_v over_o the_o description_n of_o cambria_n now_o call_v wales_n draw_v first_o by_o sir_n john_n price_n knight_n and_o afterward_o augment_v and_o make_v perfect_a by_o humphrey_n lhoyd_n gent._n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o welsh_a history_n to_o know_v the_o perfect_a description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o end_n the_o act_n achieve_v and_o do_v may_v the_o better_o be_v know_v i_o think_v good_a somewhat_o to_o travail_v therein_o and_o so_o to_o lay_v down_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o as_o it_o be_v now_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v by_o conference_n of_o both_o time_n the_o better_a understand_v both_o what_o have_v pass_v from_o the_o time_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o what_o hereafter_o be_v to_o ensue_v therefore_o after_o the_o three_o son_n of_o brutus_n have_v divide_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o britain_n into_o three_o part_n that_o part_v contain_v within_o the_o french_a sea_n with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n call_v in_o british_a hafern_n dee_n and_o humber_n fall_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n locrine_n which_o be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v lhoyger_n which_o name_n it_o have_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n to_o this_o day_n but_o in_o english_a call_v england_n and_o be_v augment_v northward_o to_o the_o river_n tweed_n the_o second_o son_n or_o as_o some_o say_v the_o three_o albanactus_n have_v all_o the_o land_n northward_o from_o humber_n to_o the_o sea_n orkney_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n norweryth_v and_o in_o latin_a mare_n calidonium_n the_o three_o son_n camber_n or_o rather_o the_o second_o have_v for_o his_o part_n that_o remain_v undivided_a lie_v within_o the_o spanish_a and_o irish_a sea_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n by_o the_o river_n severn_n &_o dee_n part_n be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v cambria_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o cambri_n and_o their_o language_n camberaec_fw-la and_o so_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o same_o country_n and_o language_n this_o 2690._o year_n and_o above_o say_v this_o author_n when_o that_o chronicle_n be_v print_v which_o bear_v no_o date_n without_o commixtion_n with_o any_o other_o nation_n especial_o in_o north_n wales_n and_o because_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n be_v change_v or_o rather_o mistake_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o not_o by_o they_o call_v cambry_a but_o wales_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o declare_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o whereas_o the_o saxon_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o the_o britain_n inhabit_a and_o rule_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o island_n and_o drive_v the_o britain_n into_o that_o corner_n a_o which_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n they_o call_v wales_n call_v wales_n why_o so_o call_v and_o the_o countryman_n welshman_n and_o the_o tongue_n welsh_a that_o be_v to_o say_v strange_a or_o not_o of_o they_o understand_v for_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n call_v all_o their_o next_o neighbour_n language_n henegaw_n or_o other_o that_o speak_v french_a welsh_a as_o a_o language_n to_o they_o unknown_a likewise_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tyroll_n and_o other_o the_o high_a country_n of_o germany_n do_v name_n the_o italian_a their_o next_o neighbour_n a_o walshman_n and_o his_o language_n walsh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o they_o which_o harp_v upon_o a_o queen_n gwallaes_n wala_n not_o from_o queen_n gwalaes_n nor_o from_o prince_n wala_n and_o of_o a_o prince_n walla_fw-la of_o who_o neither_o british_a latin_a or_o english_a history_n make_v mention_v be_v foul_o deceive_v and_o so_o likewise_o be_v a_o great_a historiographer_n of_o late_a day_n who_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v walia_n quasi_fw-la italia_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o isle_n be_v drive_v thither_o neither_o be_v this_o any_o new_a invention_n although_o polidore_n virgil_n with_o a_o italian_a brag_n do_v glory_v his_o self_n to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o find_v it_o out_o brag_n polidore_n virgil_n his_o brag_n for_o divers_a ancient_a writer_n do_v allege_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n of_o who_o sylvester_n giraldus_n be_v one_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o 380_o pass_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o say_v polidore_n virgil_n do_v either_o never_o see_v it_o or_o at_o least_o not_o read_v the_o ancient_a history_n of_o this_o kingdom_n or_o else_o dissemble_v the_o same_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o praise_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n which_o to_o the_o learned_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o only_a occasion_n he_o take_v that_o work_n in_o hand_n history_n polidore_v juggle_v in_o his_o history_n for_o all_o his_o book_n redound_v only_o to_o the_o praise_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a and_o to_o blaze_v forth_o their_o act_n and_o deed_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o upon_o the_o other_o part_n he_o do_v either_o open_o slander_n or_o else_o private_o extenuate_v or_o shameful_o deny_v the_o martial_a prowess_n and_o noble_a act_n as_o well_o of_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n as_o of_o the_o britain_n all_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o isle_n which_o thing_n he_o that_o list_v to_o prove_v let_v he_o read_v and_o confer_v caesar_n commentary_n cornelius_n tacitus_n herodianus_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n as_o well_o in_o latin_a as_o in_o greek_a with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o ancient_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n virunnius_n yea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o saint_n alban_n who_o write_v from_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o last_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v say_v he_o
morganwc_n now_o glamorganshire_n contain_v 4_o cantref_n with_o 15_o comot_n as_o cantref_o crove_v with_o these_o comot_n rwngu_v ac_fw-la wan_n tir_v your_o hwndrwd_n and_o maenor_n clynogwr_n cantref_o pennythen_n with_o these_o meyskin_n glynrhodny_n maenor_n talavan_n and_o maenor_n ruthyn_n cantref_o brenbinol_n with_o these_o gibowr_n senghennyth_n vwcheaeth_n and_o iscaeth_n cantref_n gwenthwy_o which_o be_v now_o in_o monmothshire_n with_o these_o comot_n yrhardh_n ganol_n and_o eithafdylygion_n in_o this_o part_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n lhandaf_a the_o bishop_n see_v caerdiffe_n call_v caerdhy_v cowbridge_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr bont_fw-fr vaen_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v stonebridge_n lantwid_v caerftyli_n and_o other_o and_o have_v divers_a river_n which_o run_v to_o the_o south_n sea_n as_o lay_v taf_n tawy_n neth_n avan_n ogwr_n and_o lhychwr_n it_o have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o sea_n of_o severne_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o northwest_o caermardhynshire_n upon_o the_o north-east_n brechnocshire_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n monmothshire_n of_o this_o you_o shall_v read_v very_o little_a for_o one_o jestyn_n be_v chief_a of_o the_o country_n and_o have_v war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n call_v on_o robert_n fitz_n hamon_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n to_o his_o aid_n who_o after_o they_o have_v achieve_v his_o desire_n like_v so_o well_o the_o country_n that_o they_o find_v occasion_n to_o fall_v out_o with_o jestyn_n and_o inhabit_v the_o country_n themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n at_o least_o some_o of_o they_o to_o this_o day_n the_o five_o pat_o be_v call_v gwent_n and_o now_o be_v in_o monmothshire_n which_o have_v three_o cant_z and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cant_v gwent_n which_o have_v these_o comot_n ymynyth_n iscoed_n lhefnydh_n and_o tref_n y_fw-fr grug_n cant._n iscoed_n these_o brinbuga_n vwchcoed_n y_fw-fr teirtref_n and_o ergnig_n ac_fw-la ewyas_fw-la now_o in_o hereford-shire_n cant._n cough_n be_v the_o 7_o cant_fw-la of_o morgamoc_n which_o be_v now_o in_o gloucestershire_n and_o be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o dean_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a city_n of_o caerlheon_n upon_o vsk_n where_o be_v the_o archbishop_n see_v of_o wales_n here_o be_v also_o divers_a town_n and_o castle_n as_o chepstow_n glyn_n strigol_n ros_n tinterne_n upon_o the_o river_n why_o there_o be_v also_o newport_n call_v ycastelh_n newyth_o visc_n call_v brynbuga_n grosmond_n raglan_n white_a castle_n abergaveny_n and_o many_o other_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v god_n willing_a in_o my_o description_n of_o monmothshire_n this_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o fertile_a country_n of_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentleman_n be_v never_o obedient_a to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o destruction_n it_o have_v on_o the_o west_n glamorgan_n and_o brechnockshire_n on_o the_o north_n hereford-shire_n gloucestershire_n and_o the_o river_n wy_n and_o upon_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n severne_v last_o of_o all_o come_v brecheinoc_n now_o brechnoch_n shire_n which_o have_v three_o cant_z and_o 8._o comot_n as_o cant_v selef_fw-fr which_o have_v these_o comot_n selef_n and_o trahayern_n cantref_o canol_n these_o talgarth_n ystradyw_n and_o brwynlhys_n or_o eglwys_n yail._n cant._n mawr_z have_v these_o tir_v raulfe_n lhywel_n and_o cerrig_n howel_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o brechnock_n upon_o the_o meeting_n of_o vsk_n and_o hodui_n and_o be_v call_v aberhodni_n and_o hay_n call_v y_o celhy_a which_o talgarth_n buelt_fw-mi lhangor_n it_o have_v west_n carmardhin-shire_n with_o the_o river_n of_o tawy_n upon_o the_o north_n radnor-shire_n with_o why_o upon_o the_o east_n hereford-shire_n and_o monmoth_n upon_o the_o south_n glamorgan_n this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v full_a of_o mountain_n wood_n and_o river_n especial_o buelt_fw-mi and_o the_o lord_n of_o that_o country_n call_v bruise_n with_o the_o mortimer_n most_o of_o all_o other_o lord_n march_n sometime_o by_o might_n stare_v omne_fw-la regnum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la divisum_fw-la non_fw-la poste_v stare_v but_o often_o by_o treason_n have_v molest_v and_o grieve_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o you_o shall_v understand_v by_o the_o history_n follow_v this_o land_n come_v after_o the_o bruise_n to_o the_o bohune_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o to_o the_o strafford_n d._n of_o buckingham_n odi_fw-la proditionem_fw-la amo_fw-la proditorem_fw-la odi_fw-la these_o six_o shire_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o dynevour_v with_o radnorshire_n which_o be_v belong_v to_o mathraval_n be_v now_o common_o call_v southwales_n which_o country_n be_v both_o great_a and_o large_a with_o many_o fair_a plain_n and_o valley_n for_o corn_n high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n full_a of_o pasture_n for_o cattle_n great_a and_o thick_a wood_n with_o forest_n and_o park_n for_o red_a and_o fallow_a dear_a clear_a and_o deep_a river_n full_a of_o fish_n of_o which_o severne_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o with_o why_o and_o reidol_n spring_v out_o of_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v pymlhyman_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o cardiganshire_n and_o be_v common_o call_v the_o three_o sister_n severne_n run_v full_a east_n through_o cydwin_n and_o under_o the_o castle_n of_o shraden_n to_o shrewsberie_n from_o whence_o it_o turn_v southward_o and_o turn_v to_o bridgenorth_n beaudley_n worcester_n gloucester_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o second_o sister_n be_v gwy_a in_o english_a wy_n which_o take_v her_o journey_n southeast_n by_o rayader_n gwy_a to_o buelt_fw-mi where_o irwon_a meet_v she_o thence_o to_o glacebury_n and_o so_o to_o hereford_n and_o monmoth_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o severne_n at_o chepstow_n for_o so_o they_o call_v môr_n hafren_n the_o sea_n which_o sever_v wales_n from_o somersetshire_n devon-shire_n and_o conwall_n the_o three_o sister_n name_v reidol_n run_v northward_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o of_o at_o aberystwyth_n there_o be_v other_o fair_a river_n as_o vsk_v which_o rise_v in_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v y_o mynydh_n duy_v in_o the_o south-west_n part_n of_o brechnochshire_n it_o run_v to_o brechnoch_n and_o so_o to_o monmothshire_n to_o the_o town_n of_o vsk_n caerleon_n &_o newport_n and_o so_o to_o the_o say_a south_n sea_n tywy_o also_o rise_v not_o far_o from_o why_o run_v south_n to_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o then_o south_n west_n by_o lhandeilo_n and_o dinevour_v to_o abingwy_o and_o gaermardhen_o so_o by_o lhansteshen_n to_o the_o sea_n brit._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d greek_n fiber_n latin_a beaver_n english_a avane_n brit._n teini_n likewise_o which_o rise_v in_o the_o edge_n of_o caermardhenshire_n and_o run_v north_n west_n by_o embly_n cilgerren_n caerdegion_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n in_o teini_n above_o all_o the_o river_n in_o wales_n be_v in_o giraldus_n time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o castor_n which_o may_v be_v english_v beaver_n and_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a avane_n which_o name_n only_o remain_v in_o wales_n at_o this_o day_n but_o what_o it_o be_v very_o few_o can_v tell_v it_o be_v a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o otter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v big_a all_o hairy_a save_v the_o tail_n which_o be_v like_o a_o fish_n tail_n as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n head_n this_o beast_n use_v as_o well_o the_o water_n as_o the_o land_n and_o have_v very_o sharp_a tooth_n and_o bit_v cruel_o till_o he_o perceive_v the_o bone_n crack_v his_o stone_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o physic_n he_o that_o will_v learn_v what_o strong_a nest_n they_o make_v be_v and_o believe_v he_o if_o you_o please_v this_o species_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v now_o i_o think_v quite_o lose_v if_o it_o ever_o be_v which_o giraldus_n call_v castle_n which_o they_o build_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n with_o great_a bough_n which_o they_o cut_v with_o their_o tooth_n and_o how_o some_o lie_n upon_o their_o back_n hold_v the_o wood_n with_o his_o fore_a foot_n which_o the_o other_o draw_v with_o a_o cross_a stick_n the_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o mouth_n to_o the_o water_n side_n with_o all_o other_o particularity_n of_o their_o nature_n let_v he_o read_v giraldus_n in_o his_o topographia_fw-la of_o wales_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v to_o the_o south_n and_o some_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n sea_n as_o tywy_a in_o glamorganshire_n taf_n also_o in_o caermardhenshire_n which_o run_v to_o cledhen_o two_o river_n either_o call_v cledhen_o which_o do_v give_v milford_n the_o name_n of_o abergaugledhw_o in_o pembrockshire_n arthur_n aeron_n and_o ystwyth_n in_o caerdigan_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a lordship_n which_o be_v add_v to_o other_o shire_n and_o be_v take_v heretofore_o for_o part_n of_o wales_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o welsh_a language_n be_v speak_v as_o oswestre_n knock_v whittington_n esmer_n
britain_n be_v imprison_v and_o edwal_n voel_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n and_o elise_n his_o brother_n be_v slay_v in_o a_o battle_n which_o they_o fight_v against_o the_o dane_n and_o englishman_n this_o edwal_n have_v six_o son_n meiric_a janaf_a or_o jenan_n jago_n which_o be_v james_n conan_n edwal_n vachan_n and_o roderick_n after_o who_o death_n howel_n dha_n his_o cousin_n german_n rule_v all_o wales_n during_o his_o life_n elise_n also_o have_v issue_n conan_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v traw_v which_o be_v mother_n to_o conan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n and_o blethin_n ap_fw-mi covyn_n which_o two_o last_n be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n howel_n dha_n this_o howel_n dha_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o southwales_n and_o of_o powis_n long_o before_o this_o time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o edwal_n voel_n his_o cousin_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 940._o who_o notwithstanding_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n do_v something_o murmur_v against_o he_o be_v for_o his_o godly_a behaviour_n discreet_a and_o just_a rule_n belove_v of_o man_n this_o howel_n constitute_v and_o make_v law_n to_o be_v keep_v through_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v use_v in_o wales_n till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n receive_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o and_o in_o some_o place_n thereof_o long_o after_o these_o law_n be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n both_o in_o welsh_a and_o latin_a howel_n dha_n perceive_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n to_o have_v grow_v unto_o great_a abuse_n send_v for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o menenia_n and_o all_o the_o other_o bishop_n and_o chief_a of_o the_o clergy_n prince_n a_o pious_a example_n for_o all_o prince_n to_o the_o number_n of_o one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o prelate_n and_o all_o the_o baron_n and_o noble_n of_o wales_n and_o cause_v six_o man_n of_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a esteem_v in_o every_o comote_v to_o be_v call_v before_o he_o who_o he_o command_v to_o meet_v altogether_o at_o his_o house_n call_v y_o tuy_n gwyn_n taf_n that_o be_v the_o white_a house_n upon_o the_o river_n taf._n thither_o he_o come_v himself_o and_o there_o remain_v with_o those_o his_o noble_n prelate_n and_o subject_n all_o the_o lend_v in_o prayer_n and_o fast_v crave_v the_o assistance_n and_o direction_n of_o god_n holy_a spirit_n that_o he_o may_v reform_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o quiet_a government_n of_o the_o people_n about_o the_o end_n of_o lent_n he_o choose_v out_o of_o that_o company_n twelve_o man_n of_o the_o wise_a grave_a and_o of_o the_o great_a experience_n to_o who_o he_o add_v one_o clerk_n or_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n name_v blegor_v a_o singular_a learned_a and_o perfect_a wise_a man_n these_o have_v in_o charge_n to_o examine_v the_o old_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o gather_v of_o such_o as_o be_v meet_v for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o country_n which_o they_o do_v retain_v those_o that_o be_v wholesome_a and_o profitable_a expound_v those_o that_o be_v doubtful_a and_o ambiguous_a and_o abrogate_a those_o that_o be_v superfluous_a and_o hurtful_a and_o so_o ordain_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n the_o first_o for_o order_v of_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n household_n and_o his_o court._n the_o second_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o country_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o three_o of_o the_o special_a custom_n belong_v to_o particular_a place_n and_o person_n of_o all_o the_o which_o be_v read_v allow_v and_o proclaim_v he_o cause_v three_o several_a book_n to_o be_v write_v one_o for_o his_o daily_a use_n to_o follow_v his_o court_n a_o other_o to_o lie_v in_o his_o palace_n at_o abersfrew_n and_o the_o three_o at_o dinevour_v that_o all_o the_o three_o province_n of_o wales_n may_v have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o same_o when_o need_v require_v apostolic_a the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o britain_n much_o observant_a of_o the_o see_v apostolic_a and_o for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o these_o law_n he_o procure_v of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n david_n to_o denounce_v sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o such_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o same_o whithin_v a_o while_n after_o howel_n because_o he_o will_v omit_v nothing_o that_o can_v bring_v countenance_n and_o authority_n to_o his_o say_a law_n go_v to_o rome_n take_v with_o he_o the_o archbishop_n of_o st._n david_n the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o asaph_n and_o thirteen_o other_o of_o the_o learn_a and_o wise_a man_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o say_v law_n be_v recite_v before_o the_o pope_n be_v by_o his_o authority_n confirm_v then_o have_v finish_v his_o devote_a pilgrimage_n he_o return_v home_o again_o with_o his_o company_n 1._o by_o these_o law_n they_o may_v not_o mortgage_v their_o land_n but_o to_o one_o of_o the_o same_o family_n or_o kindred_n which_o be_v the_o eadem_fw-la parentela_n 2._o every_o tenant_n hold_v of_o any_o other_o than_o his_o prince_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n pay_v a_o fine_a pro_fw-la defension_n regia_n which_o be_v call_v arian_n ardhel_n in_o latin_a advocarii_fw-la 3._o no_o legacy_n of_o good_n by_o will_n be_v good_a otherwise_o then_o those_o which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o church_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o for_o payment_n of_o debt_n 4._o every_o man_n may_v destrain_v as_o well_o for_o debt_n as_o for_o rent_n of_o land_n any_o good_n or_o cattle_n save_v horse_n which_o be_v count_v to_o serve_v for_o a_o man_n necessary_a defence_n and_o be_v not_o destrainable_a without_o the_o prince_n licence_n 5._o cause_n of_o inheritance_n be_v not_o hear_v or_o determine_v but_o from_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n till_o the_o nine_o of_o february_n or_o from_o the_o nine_o of_o may_n until_o the_o nine_o of_o august_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v count_v a_o time_n of_o vacation_n for_o sow_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o reap_v in_o the_o harvest_n this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o matter_n of_o inheritance_n of_o land_n be_v determine_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n in_o person_n or_o his_o special_a deputy_n if_o he_o be_v sick_a or_o impotent_a and_o that_o upon_o the_o view_n of_o the_o say_a land_n call_v unto_o he_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o same_o place_n two_o elder_n of_o his_o council_n the_o chief_a justice_n attend_v always_o in_o the_o court_n the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o country_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o the_o priest_n the_o manner_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v thus_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n sit_v in_o his_o judicial_a seat_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o elder_a on_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o other_o on_o his_o left_a and_o the_o freeholder_n on_o both_o side_n next_o unto_o they_o which_o for_o this_o cause_n as_o i_o think_v be_v call_v vchelwyr_n before_o he_o direct_o a_o certain_a distance_n off_o and_o a_o little_o low_a sit_v the_o chief_a justice_n have_v the_o priest_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o that_o country_n on_o the_o left_a the_o court_n be_v set_v the_o plaintiff_n come_v in_o with_o his_o advocate_n champion_n and_o rhyngyth_n and_o stand_v on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o witness_n on_o both_o party_n come_v which_o stand_v direct_o before_o the_o chief_a justice_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n until_o they_o be_v call_v up_o to_o testify_v the_o truth_n of_o their_o knowledge_n in_o the_o matter_n in_o varitance_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o i_o think_v good_a here_o to_o lay_v down_o as_o you_o see_v underneath_o uchelwyr_n a_o elder_a the_o king_n a_o elder_a uchelwyr_n the_o priest_n the_o chief_a justice_n the_o judge_n the_o defendant_n  _fw-fr the_o plaintiff_n rhyngyth_n  _fw-fr rhyngyth_n advocate_n  _fw-fr advocate_n champion_n the_o witness_n champion_n after_o the_o hear_n of_o this_o book_n read_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o full_a plead_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o open_a court_n upon_o warn_v give_v by_o the_o rhyngyth_n the_o chief_a justice_n the_o priest_n and_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n withdraw_v themselves_o for_o a_o while_n to_o consult_v of_o the_o matter_n and_o then_o secundum_fw-la allegata_fw-la &_o probata_fw-la bring_v their_o verdict_n the_o court_n sit_v whereupon_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n after_o consultation_n have_v with_o the_o elder_n or_o senior_n which_o sit_v by_o he_o give_v definitive_a sentence_n except_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a that_o right_a and_o truth_n appear_v not_o in_o the_o which_o case_n it_o be_v try_v by_o the_o two_o champion_n and_o so_o
to_o the_o government_n and_o seek_v the_o rule_n of_o the_o land_n as_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n and_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o blegor_v who_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o open_a field_n where_o conan_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o year_n 1003._o i_o do_v not_o know_v say_v my_o author_n neither_o can_v i_o ever_o find_v what_o colour_n or_o pretence_n of_o title_n this_o aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegor_v have_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n nor_o yet_o of_o who_o he_o do_v cend_v or_o who_o descend_v from_o he_o whereas_o all_o the_o other_o prince_n be_v notorios_o know_v of_o what_o family_n they_o do_v descend_v and_o who_o from_o they_o neither_o yet_o do_v i_o read_v of_o any_o blegor_v who_o son_n he_o be_v except_o it_o be_v that_o doctor_n of_o law_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n who_o estate_n be_v too_o mean_a to_o challenge_v a_o principality_n he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v govern_v about_o twelve_o year_n of_o his_o act_n by_o he_o achieve_v there_o be_v very_o little_o write_v save_v of_o those_o two_o battle_n the_o one_o wherein_o he_o overcome_v conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n and_o the_o other_o wherein_o he_o be_v overcome_v himself_o and_o slay_v with_o his_o four_o son_n by_o lhewellin_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n in_o the_o year_n 1015._o lhewelin_n the_o son_n of_o sitsylht_n raise_v a_o great_a power_n against_o aedan_n who_o by_o force_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n of_o north-wales_n and_o slay_v he_o with_o his_o four_o son_n in_o battle_n and_o have_v no_o respect_n to_o jago_n or_o james_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o king_n of_o wales_n this_o lhewellin_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o king_n of_o wales_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n who_o name_n be_v traw_v daughter_n to_o elise_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n which_o be_v elder_a son_n to_o roderik_n the_o great_a who_o also_o have_v to_o wife_n angharac_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o southwales_n and_o so_o by_o these_o mean_v he_o claim_v and_o enjoy_v the_o right_n of_o either_o country_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v show_v lhewellin_n the_o son_n of_o sitsylht_n and_o angharat_n the_o daughter_n of_o meredith_n after_o that_o lhewellin_n son_n of_o sitsylht_n have_v take_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o wales_n all_o thing_n do_v prosper_v in_o the_o land_n for_o the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o double_a to_o the_o time_n before_o pass_v the_o people_n prosper_v in_o all_o their_o affair_n and_o multiply_v wonderful_o the_o cattle_n increase_v in_o great_a number_n so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o beggar_n nor_o poor_a man_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n sea_n but_o every_o man_n have_v plenty_n every_o house_n a_o dweller_n and_o every_o town_n inhabitant_n in_o the_o year_n 1019._o meyric_n the_o son_n of_o arthpoel_n do_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n against_o lhewelin_n king_n or_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o meet_v with_o he_o in_o the_o field_n and_o manful_o slay_v he_o and_o discomfit_v his_o people_n in_o the_o year_n 1020._o a_o certain_a son_n of_o low_a birth_n come_v to_o southwales_n and_o name_v himself_o run_v the_o son_n of_o meredith_n their_o late_a king_n who_o the_o nobility_n which_o love_v not_o lhewelin_n exalt_v to_o the_o regal_a throne_n and_o take_v he_o for_o their_o king_n which_o thing_n when_o lhewelin_n hear_v he_o gather_v his_o power_n in_o north-wales_n and_o come_v towards_o the_o suppose_a run_n who_o have_v get_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o southwales_n together_o at_o abergwili_n where_o with_o great_a pride_n he_o abide_v the_o come_n of_o lhewelin_n but_o when_o both_o the_o army_n meet_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o join_v run_v full_a of_o brag_n and_o crack_n encourage_v his_o people_n to_o fight_v promise_v they_o the_o victory_n yet_o he_o himself_o follow_v the_o proverb_n which_o bid_v a_o man_n to_o set_v on_o his_o dog_n and_o not_o to_o run_v after_o he_o set_v on_o his_o people_n to_o fight_v it_o to_o the_o uttermost_a and_o withdraw_v himself_o private_o out_o of_o the_o way_n whereas_o upon_o the_o contrary_a part_n lhewelin_n like_o a_o bold_a and_o courageous_a prince_n come_v before_o his_o people_n call_v for_o the_o vile_a scot_n run_v that_o dare_v so_o bely_v a_o prince_n blood_n and_o so_o both_o the_o army_n join_v together_o with_o much_o malice_n and_o hatred_n for_o the_o one_o party_n be_v so_o courageous_a to_o defend_v the_o quarrel_n of_o so_o worthy_a a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o blood_n as_o the_o other_o be_v obstinate_a in_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o stranger_n in_o the_o end_n after_o great_a slaughter_n upon_o either_o part_n the_o north-wales_n man_n remember_v their_o old_a victory_n and_o encourage_v by_o the_o prowess_n of_o their_o prince_n put_v their_o enemy_n to_o flight_n and_o pursue_v run_v so_o narrow_o that_o all_o his_o scottish_a shift_n can_v not_o save_v his_o life_n and_o return_v home_o with_o great_a spoil_n and_o prey_n then_o lhewelin_n rule_v all_o the_o land_n quiet_o till_o the_o year_n follow_v he_o be_v slay_v by_o howel_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o edwin_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n name_v griffith_z ap_fw-mi lhewelin_fw-mi after_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelin_n jago_n or_o james_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n of_o north-wales_n as_o right_a heir_n thereof_o and_o rytherick_n the_o son_n of_o jestin_n govern_v southwales_n by_o strong_a hand_n year_n 1031_o about_o the_o year_n 1031._o the_o irish_a scot_n enter_v southwales_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o howel_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o edwin_n ap_fw-mi eneon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n who_o hire_v they_o against_o rytherick_n ap_fw-mi jestin_n who_o they_o discomfit_v and_o slay_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v attain_v unto_o the_o government_n of_o southwales_n which_o they_o two_o rule_v joint_o but_o yet_o with_o small_a quietness_n for_o the_o son_n of_o rytherick_n gather_v a_o number_n of_o such_o as_o be_v their_o father_n friend_n to_o avenge_v his_o death_n with_o who_o howel_n and_o meredith_n meet_v at_o hyarthwy_a and_o after_o long_a fight_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n but_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o sitsylt_n brother_n to_o the_o worthy_a prince_n lhewelin_n to_o revenge_v their_o father_n death_n who_o meredith_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v slay_v the_o year_n next_o ensue_v certain_a englishmen_n enter_v the_o land_n of_o gwent_n with_o who_o rytherick_n ap_fw-mi jestin_n fight_v and_o be_v by_o they_o slay_v in_o the_o year_n 1037._o gruffith_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi sitsylt_n sometime_o king_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n against_o jago_n then_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n or_o kingdom_n of_o north-wales_n who_o jago_n likewise_o provide_v for_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v but_o the_o more_o part_n &_o better_a soldier_n be_v of_o gruffiths_n side_n for_o the_o love_n they_o bear_v to_o his_o father_n which_o afterward_o well_o appear_v for_o the_o army_n meeting_n jago_n be_v soon_o overthrow_v and_o slay_v this_o jago_n leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v conan_n by_o his_o wife_n avandr_v daughter_n to_o gweir_n the_o son_n of_o pilh_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi lhewlyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylt_n and_o angharat_n gruffith_n ap_fw-mi lhewlin_n after_o he_o have_v slay_v jago_n govern_v north-wales_n worthy_o in_o all_o thing_n follow_v his_o father_n step_n who_o overcome_v both_o the_o dane_n and_o the_o englishman_n divers_a time_n and_o defend_v his_o country_n and_o people_n manful_o all_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o government_n he_o fight_v with_o the_o englishman_n and_o dane_n at_o crosford_n upon_o severn_n and_o put_v they_o to_o flight_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n to_o lhanpadarn_n vawr_n in_o caerdiganshire_n and_o destroy_v it_o utter_o and_o from_o thence_o pass_v all_o southwales_n throughout_o and_o receive_v the_o people_n to_o his_o subjection_n for_o howel_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n their_o king_n flee_v before_o his_o face_n and_o forsake_v the_o land_n this_o howel_n procure_v edwin_n the_o brother_n of_o leofrike_a earl_n of_o chester_n or_o mercia_n to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n of_o englishman_n and_o dane_n to_o his_o aid_n against_o prince_n gruffith_n who_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n and_o overcome_v they_o and_o slay_v the_o say_a edwin_n but_o howel_n escape_v by_o flight_n after_o the_o which_o victory_n gruffith_n make_v sundry_a invasion_n upon_o the_o marsh_n towards_o hereford_n and_o always_o return_v with_o great_a spoil_n year_n 1038_o when_o gruffith_n have_v bring_v all_o wale_n under_o his_o dominion_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n again_o the_o year_n ensue_v
themselves_o together_o they_o so_o move_v david_n the_o lord_n of_o denbigh_n to_o be_v at_o unity_n with_o prince_n lhewelin_n and_o to_o take_v pity_n upon_o their_o affliction_n and_o misery_n that_o he_o be_v agree_v with_o his_o brother_n become_v their_o captain_n year_n 1281_o this_o reconciliation_n consist_v chief_o in_o this_o that_o david_n shall_v never_o after_o serve_v the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o but_o become_v his_o utter_a enemy_n who_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o hawarden_n and_o take_v roger_n clifford_n a_o noble_a knight_n slay_v all_o that_o resist_v servitude_n the_o welsh_a impatient_a of_o servitude_n and_o after_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n he_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o prince_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n the_o king_n hear_v of_o this_o haste_v thither_o with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n retreat_v with_o his_o army_n 77._o seek_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n aberystwyth_n castle_n build_v by_o the_o king_n take_v godwin_n in_o canterbury_n fol._n 77._o also_o the_o same_o time_n rees_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n and_o gruffith_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n which_o other_o noble_a man_n of_o southwales_n tooâ—_n the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n and_o divers_a other_o castle_n in_o the_o country_n spoil_v and_o plunder_v all_o the_o king_n people_n that_o inhabit_v thereabouts_o therefore_o the_o king_n send_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o confer_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o brethren_n but_o he_o return_v without_o do_v any_o good_a so_o that_o he_o denounce_v a_o excommunication_n this_o archbishop_n name_n be_v jehn_n beckham_n who_o as_o b._n godwin_n say_v take_v great_a pain_n in_o labour_v a_o peace_n between_o k._n edw._n l._n and_o prince_n lhewelin_n of_o wales_n unto_o who_o he_o go_v in_o person_n and_o travail_v long_o with_o he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a article_n send_v from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o be_v intimate_v to_o lhewelin_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o country_n 1_o because_o we_o come_v to_o those_o part_n for_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a health_n of_o they_o who_o we_o have_v ever_o love_v well_o as_o divers_a of_o they_o have_v know_v 2._o that_o we_o come_v contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n our_o king_n who_o our_o say_v come_v as_o be_v say_v do_v much_o offend_v 3_o that_o we_o desire_v &_o beseech_v they_o for_o the_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n that_o they_o will_v come_v to_o a_o unity_n with_o the_o english_a people_n and_o to_o the_o peace_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o procure_v they_o as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v 4._o we_o will_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o we_o can_v long_o tarry_v in_o those_o quarter_n 5._o we_o will_v that_o they_o consider_v that_o after_o our_o part_n out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o shall_v not_o perhaps_o find_v any_o that_o will_v so_o tender_a the_o prefer_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o we_o will_v do_v if_o it_o please_v god_n with_o our_o mortal_a life_n we_o may_v procure_v they_o a_o honest_a stable_a and_o firm_a peace_n 6._o that_o if_o they_o do_v contemn_v our_o petition_n and_o labour_n we_o do_v intend_v forthwith_o to_o signify_v their_o stubbournesse_n to_o the_o high_a bishop_n and_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o enormity_n that_o many_o way_n happen_v by_o occasion_n of_o this_o discord_n this_o day_n 7._o let_v they_o know_v that_o unless_o they_o do_v quick_o agree_v to_o a_o peace_n that_o war_n shall_v be_v aggravate_v against_o they_o which_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v for_o the_o king_n power_n increase_v daily_o 8._o let_v they_o understand_v that_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o special_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v apostolic_a and_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n love_v it_o better_o than_o any_o other_o kingdom_n 9_o that_o the_o say_v see_v of_o rome_n will_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a see_v the_o state_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n quail_v be_v under_o a_o special_a protection_n 10._o that_o we_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v that_o the_o welshman_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o saracen_n for_o the_o saracen_n when_o they_o take_v christian_n they_o keep_v they_o to_o be_v redeem_v for_o money_n but_o they_o say_v that_o the_o welshman_n by_o and_o by_o do_v kill_v all_o they_o take_v and_o be_v only_o delight_v with_o blood_n and_o some_o time_n cause_n to_o be_v kill_v they_o who_o ransom_n they_o have_v receive_v 11._o that_o whereas_o they_o be_v ever_o wont_a to_o be_v esteem_v and_o to_o reverence_n god_n and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n they_o seem_v much_o to_o revolt_v from_o that_o devotion_n move_v sedition_n and_o war_n and_o commit_v slaughter_n and_o burn_v in_o the_o holy_a time_n which_o be_v a_o great_a injury_n to_o god_n wherein_o no_o man_n can_v excuse_v they_o 12._o we_o desire_v that_o as_o true_a christian_n they_o will_v repent_v for_o they_o can_v long_o continue_v their_o begin_a discord_n if_o they_o have_v swear_v it_o 13._o we_o will_v that_o they_o signify_v unto_o we_o how_o they_o will_v or_o can_v amend_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n 14._o that_o they_o signify_v unto_o we_o how_o peace_n and_o concord_n may_v be_v establish_v for_o in_o vain_a be_v it_o to_o form_n peace_n to_o be_v daily_o violate_v 15._o if_o they_o say_v that_o their_o law_n or_o covenant_n be_v not_o observe_v that_o they_o do_v signify_v unto_o we_o what_o those_o be_v 16._o that_o grant_v it_o that_o they_o be_v injure_v as_o they_o say_v which_o we_o in_o no_o way_n do_v know_v they_o which_o be_v judge_n in_o the_o cause_n may_v so_o have_v signify_v to_o the_o king_n majesty_n 17._o that_o unless_o they_o will_v now_o come_v to_o peace_n they_o shall_v be_v resist_v by_o decree_n and_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n the_o answer_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o the_o above-written_a article_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n the_o lord_n john_n by_o god_n grace_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n his_o humble_a and_o devote_v son_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o lord_n of_o snowdon_n send_v greeting_n with_o all_o reverend_a submission_n and_o honour_n we_o yield_v our_o most_o humble_a and_o hearty_a thanks_o unto_o your_o fatherhood_n for_o the_o great_a and_o grievous_a pain_n which_o at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o love_n of_o we_o and_o our_o nation_n you_o have_v sustain_v and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o we_o be_v behold_v unto_o you_o for_o that_o beside_o the_o king_n pleasure_n you_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o we_o in_o that_o you_o request_v we_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n peace_n we_o will_v have_v your_o holiness_n to_o know_v that_o we_o be_v most_o ready_a and_o willing_a to_o the_o same_o so_o that_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o true_o observe_v and_o keep_v towards_o we_o and_o we_o moreover_o although_o we_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o your_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o we_o hope_v there_o shall_v not_o be_v any_o delay_n in_o we_o but_o that_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o most_o desire_v and_o wish_v for_o may_v be_v forthwith_o establish_v and_o rather_o by_o your_o travel_n and_o procurement_n than_o by_o any_o other_o man_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v needful_a to_o complain_v unto_o the_o pope_n of_o our_o wilfulness_n neither_o do_v we_o despise_v your_o fatherhood_n request_n and_o painful_a travel_n but_o with_o all_o hearty_a reverence_n according_a to_o our_o duty_n do_v accept_v the_o the_o same_o neither_o yet_o shall_v it_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o we_o see_v we_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v he_o in_o all_o thing_n our_o right_n and_o law_n as_o aforesaid_a reserve_v and_o although_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o special_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n and_o with_o special_a love_n regard_v by_o the_o same_o yet_o when_o the_o lord_n the_o pope_n with_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n shall_v understand_v of_o the_o great_a damage_n which_o be_v do_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o englishman_n to_o wit_n the_o article_n of_o the_o peace_n conclude_v and_o swear_v unto_o violate_v and_o break_v the_o rob_n and_o burn_v of_o church_n the_o murder_a of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n as_o well_o religious_a as_o secular_a the_o slaughter_n of_o woman_n great_a with_o child_n the_o child_n suck_v at_o their_o mother_n breast_n the_o destroy_n of_o hospital_n and_o house_n of_o religion_n kill_v the_o man_n and_o woman_n profess_v in_o the_o holy_a place_n and_o even_o before_o
his_o own_o hand_n shall_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o as_o free_o as_o they_o do_v before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n and_o shall_v use_v the_o same_o liberty_n and_o custom_n which_o they_o use_v before_o contrary_a to_o this_o article_n the_o lord_n reginald_n grey_n have_v bring_v many_o new_a custom_n against_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n aforesaid_a 5._o all_o controversy_n move_v or_o to_o be_v move_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n and_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v decide_v after_o the_o law_n of_o the_o march_n if_o they_o have_v their_o beginning_n in_o the_o march_n and_o after_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n such_o as_o in_o wales_n have_v their_o beginning_n contrary_a to_o this_o article_n the_o king_n do_v and_o send_v justice_n to_o anglesey_n who_o presume_v to_o judge_v there_o the_o man_n and_o subject_n of_o the_o prince_n set_v fine_n upon_o they_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n see_v neither_o this_o nor_o any_o like_a be_v ever_o hear_v of_o in_o time_n past_a imprison_v some_o out-lawing_a other_o when_o the_o prince_n be_v at_o all_o time_n ready_a to_o do_v justice_n to_o all_o man_n that_o complain_v upon_o any_o of_o his_o man_n 6._o where_o it_o be_v in_o the_o peace_n that_o gruffith_n vachan_n shall_v do_v homage_n for_o the_o land_n in_o yale_n and_o to_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o land_n in_o ederneon_n the_o king_n justice_n bring_v the_o lady_n of_o maylor_n into_o the_o say_a land_n of_o ederneon_n the_o knowledge_n of_o which_o cause_n only_o pertain_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o not_o to_o the_o say_a justice_n and_o yet_o for_o peace_n sake_n the_o say_a prince_n tolerate_v all_o this_o be_v at_o all_o time_n ready_a to_o minister_v justice_n to_o the_o say_a lady_n 7._o and_o though_o the_o say_a prince_n submit_v himself_o unto_o we_o and_o our_o will_n yet_o we_o nevertheless_o will_v and_o grant_v that_o our_o will_n in_o no_o case_n go_v further_o than_o be_v contain_v in_o those_o article_n contrary_n to_o this_o article_n gold_n be_v exact_v for_o the_o queen_n work_n at_o every_o payment_n make_v to_o the_o king_n which_o gold_n be_v never_o demand_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n or_o any_o other_o king_n of_o england_n which_o gold_n yet_o for_o quietness_n sake_n the_o prince_n pay_v though_o it_o be_v not_o speak_v of_o or_o mention_v in_o the_o peace_n and_o now_o further_o it_o be_v exact_v for_o the_o old_a queen_n the_o king_n mother_n that_o now_o be_v for_o the_o peace_n conclude_v with_o king_n henry_n 2000_o mark_n and_o a_o half_a and_o unless_o it_o be_v pay_v the_o king_n threaten_v to_o occupy_v the_o good_n and_o land_n of_o lhewelyn_n and_o his_o people_n which_o he_o can_v find_v in_o his_o realm_n and_o sell_v man_n and_o beast_n till_o the_o sum_n be_v pay_v 8._o when_o the_o king_n invite_v the_o prince_n at_o his_o feast_n at_o worcester_n promise_v with_o very_o fair_a word_n that_o he_o will_v give_v his_o kinswoman_n to_o he_o for_o wife_n and_o enrich_v he_o with_o much_o honour_n nevertheless_o when_o he_o come_v thither_o the_o self_n same_o day_n they_o shall_v be_v marry_v before_o mass_n the_o king_n require_v a_o bill_n to_o be_v seal_v by_o the_o prince_n contain_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o he_o will_v never_o keep_v man_n against_o the_o king_n will_v nor_o never_o maintain_v any_o whereby_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o the_o prince_n force_n shall_v be_v call_v from_o he_o the_o which_o letter_n seal_v he_o deliver_v the_o king_n by_o just_a fear_n which_o may_v move_v any_o constant_a man_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o contain_v in_o the_o peace_n whereas_o the_o conclusion_n of_o peace_n be_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v require_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o same_o 9_o where_o in_o the_o peace_n all_o custom_n be_v confirm_v to_o the_o say_a prince_n as_o his_o ancestor_n of_o long_a and_o daily_o observe_v custom_n have_v receive_v to_o their_o own_o use_n all_o wreck_n happen_v upon_o his_o own_o land_n the_o justice_n of_o chester_n take_v a_o distress_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o good_n of_o shipwreck_n receive_v by_o he_o before_o the_o war_n contrary_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a peace_n by_o the_o which_o all_o trespass_n on_o either_o side_n be_v remit_v and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n aforesaid_a and_o if_o in_o case_n it_o be_v forfeit_v yet_o he_o take_v such_o a_o distress_n 15_o pound_n of_o honey_n and_o many_o horse_n and_o imprison_v his_o man_n and_o this_o he_o take_v of_o the_o prince_n own_o proper_a good_n and_o further_o take_v booty_n of_o bagiers_n which_o come_v to_o lyrpool_n with_o merchandise_n and_o never_o deliver_v the_o same_o until_o he_o have_v take_v so_o much_o money_n for_o the_o same_o as_o it_o please_v he_o 10._o when_o certain_a man_n of_o geneurglyn_n have_v take_v certain_a good_n of_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n of_o geneurglyn_n when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o meyreon_n the_o king_n man_n of_o lhanbadarn_n do_v take_v away_o the_o say_v good_n out_o of_o the_o say_a dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o when_o the_o prince_n man_n come_v thither_o and_o ask_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o take_v the_o say_a prey_n the_o king_n man_n kill_v one_o of_o they_o and_z wounded_z other_o and_o the_o rest_n they_o do_v imprison_v neither_o can_v the_o prince_n get_v any_o justice_n for_o the_o say_v good_n to_o this_o day_n 11._o and_o where_o it_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o peace_n that_o all_o thing_n commit_v in_o the_o march_n shall_v be_v redress_v in_o the_o march_n yet_o the_o king_n man_n will_v no_o where_n hear_v the_o prince_n man_n but_o put_v they_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanbadarn_n which_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n aforesaid_a in_o these_o article_n and_o divers_a other_o the_o king_n stand_v swear_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n and_o although_o the_o prince_n as_o well_o by_o himself_o as_o by_o his_o people_n have_v often_o request_v the_o king_n to_o cause_v the_o say_a peace_n to_o be_v keep_v yet_o be_v it_o in_o no_o point_n keep_v but_o daily_o the_o king_n justice_n do_v more_o and_o more_o heap_n injury_n and_o grief_n upon_o the_o people_n of_o those_o part_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v blame_v if_o the_o prince_n do_v assent_v to_o they_o that_o first_o begin_v the_o war_n see_v the_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n robert_n typtoft_n swear_v unto_o the_o king_n be_v keep_v in_o no_o point_n and_o chief_o see_v the_o prince_n be_v forewarn_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v take_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n as_o he_o have_v be_v indeed_o if_o the_o king_n have_v come_v thither_o after_o christmas_n as_o he_o purpose_v these_o grief_n follow_v be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o officer_n to_o the_o lord_n david_n ap_fw-mi gruffith_n 1._o when_o the_o say_v david_n come_v to_o the_o lord_n edward_n then_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n the_o say_a lord_n edw._n do_v give_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o the_o say_v david_n two_o cantref_n dyffryn_n cluyd_v and_o crinmeyrch_n with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n afterward_o when_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o confirm_v the_o say_a gift_n to_o the_o say_v david_n and_o give_v he_o possession_n of_o they_o after_z when_o gwenlhian_n lacie_n die_v who_o hold_v some_o town_n in_o the_o say_a cantref_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o after_o her_o decease_n appertain_v to_o david_n by_o force_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a grant_n which_o town_n yet_o the_o king_n take_v from_o he_o contrary_a to_o his_o letter_n patent_n 2._o item_n when_o the_o say_v david_n do_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n the_o king_n the_o village_n of_o hope_n and_o eston_n in_o wales_n of_o the_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v no_o man_n but_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n yet_o the_o justice_n of_o chester_n cause_v the_o say_a david_n to_o be_v call_v to_o chester_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o one_o william_n venable_n a_o englishman_n to_o answer_v for_o the_o title_n of_o the_o say_a village_n and_o although_o the_o say_v david_n do_v often_o and_o instant_o desire_v he_o the_o say_a justice_n not_o to_o proceed_v against_o he_o injurious_o in_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n where_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o answer_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o peace_n yet_o he_o plain_o deny_v he_o to_o be_v judge_v either_o in_o wales_n or_o after_o the_o law_n of_o wales_n 3._o item_n the_o say_a justice_n of_o chester_n to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o say_v david_n do_v cut_v down_o his_o wood_n of_o lhyweny_n and_o his_o wood_n at_o hope_n as_o well_o by_o the_o dweller_n of_o ruthlan_n as_o other_o and_o yet_o the_o
great_a credit_n and_o favour_n between_o who_o and_o the_o lord_n grey_n of_o ruthin_n happen_v some_o discord_n about_o a_o piece_n of_o commons_o lie_v between_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthin_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o glyndourdwy_n whereof_o owen_n be_v owner_n and_o thereof_o take_v the_o surname_n of_o glindour_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n richard_n owen_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o lord_n grey_n be_v then_o a_o servitor_n in_o court_n with_o k._n rich._n with_o who_o he_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o take_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o flint_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n but_o after_o that_o k._n richard_n be_v put_v down_o the_o lord_n grey_n be_v now_o better_o friend_v than_o owen_n enter_v upon_o the_o say_a commons_o whereupon_o owen_n have_v many_o friend_n and_o follower_n in_o his_o country_n as_o those_o that_o be_v great_a with_o prince_n common_o have_v put_v himself_o in_o armour_n against_o the_o lord_n grey_n who_o he_o meet_v in_o the_o field_n overcome_v and_o take_v prisoner_n prophecy_n the_o welsh_a ever_o addict_v to_o believe_v prophecy_n this_o be_v the_o very_a beginning_n and_o cause_n owen_n rise_v and_o attempt_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o the_o lord_n grey_n and_o spoil_v of_o his_o lordship_n of_o ruthin_n many_o resort_v to_o owen_n from_o all_o part_n of_o wales_n some_o think_v that_o he_o be_v now_o as_o well_o in_o favour_n as_o in_o k._n richard_n time_n some_o other_o put_v in_o his_o head_n that_o now_o the_o time_n be_v come_v wherein_o the_o britain_n through_o his_o mean_n may_v recover_v again_o the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o their_o ancestor_n prophecy_n a_o caveat_n for_o mr._n pugh_n and_o such_o as_o be_v over_o credulous_a in_o prophecy_n these_o thing_n be_v lay_v before_o owen_n by_o such_o as_o be_v very_o cunning_a in_o merlin_n prophecy_n and_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o same_o for_o there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n as_o i_o fear_v there_o be_v now_o some_o singular_a man_n which_o be_v deep_o oversee_v in_o those_o mystery_n and_o hope_v one_o day_n to_o mete_v velvet_n upon_o london_n bridge_n with_o their_o bow_n bring_v he_o into_o such_o a_o fool_n paradise_n that_o he_o never_o consider_v what_o title_n he_o may_v pretend_v or_o what_o right_a he_o have_v proceed_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n who_o be_v the_o the_o right_a inheritor_n as_o well_o to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n as_o appear_v former_o as_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n after_o the_o death_n of_o k._n rich._n be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a brother_n next_o to_o edw._n prince_n of_o wales_n father_n of_o k._n rich._n of_o which_o insurrection_n &_o rebellion_n there_o ensue_v much_o mischief_n unto_o the_o welshman_n for_o the_o king_n conceive_v great_a hatred_n against_o they_o show_v himself_o a_o manifest_a opressour_n of_o all_o that_o nation_n make_v rigorous_a law_n against_o they_o whereby_o he_o take_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o liberty_n of_o subject_n from_o they_o welsh_a cruel_a law_n against_o the_o welsh_a probibit_v all_o welshman_n from_o purchase_v land_n or_o to_o be_v choose_v or_o receive_v citizen_n or_o burgess_n in_o any_o city_n burrough_n or_o market_n town_n or_o to_o be_v recey_v or_o accept_v to_o any_o office_n of_o mayor_n bailiff_n chamberlain_n constable_n or_o keeper_n of_o the_o gate_n or_o of_o the_o goal_n or_o to_o be_v of_o the_o council_n of_o any_o city_n burrough_n or_o town_n or_o to_o bear_v any_o manner_n of_o armour_n within_o any_o city_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o any_o suit_n happen_v between_o a_o welshman_n &_o a_o englishman_n it_o be_v by_o law_n ordain_v that_o the_o englishman_n shall_v not_o be_v convict_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o english_a judge_n and_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o whole_a english_a burgess_n or_o by_o inquest_n of_o english_a burrough_n and_o town_n of_o the_o signiory_n where_o the_o suit_n lie_v also_o that_o all_o englishman_n that_o marry_a welshwoman_n shall_v be_v disfranchize_v of_o their_o liberty_n no_o congregation_n or_o meeting_n in_o council_n be_v permit_v to_o welshman_n but_o by_o licence_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o say_a signiory_n and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o same_o officer_n that_o no_o victual_n nor_o armour_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o wales_n without_o the_o special_a licence_n of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o council_n that_o no_o welshman_n shall_v have_v any_o castle_n fortress_n or_o house_n defensive_a of_o his_o own_o or_o of_o any_o other_o man_n to_o keep_v no_o welshman_n to_o be_v make_v justice_n chamberlain_z chancellor_n treasurer_n sheriff_n steward_z constable_n of_o castle_n receiver_n eschetor_n coronor_fw-la nor_o chief_a forester_n nor_o other_o officer_n nor_o keeper_n of_o record_n nor_o lieutenant_n in_o any_o of_o the_o say_a office_n in_o no_o part_n of_o wales_n nor_o of_o the_o council_n of_o any_o english_a lord_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n or_o licence_n make_v to_o the_o contrary_n that_o no_o englishman_n which_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v shall_v marry_v any_o welshwoman_n be_v put_v in_o any_o office_n in_o wales_n or_o in_o the_o march_n of_o the_o same_o these_o with_o other_o law_n both_o unreasonable_a and_o unconcionable_a such_o as_o no_o prince_n among_o the_o heathen_a ever_o offer_v to_o his_o subject_n be_v ordain_v and_o severe_o execute_v against_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o any_o reason_n that_o for_o the_o offence_n of_o one_o man_n &_o his_o complice_n all_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v be_v so_o persecute_v whereby_o not_o only_o they_o that_o live_v in_o that_o time_n but_o also_o their_o child_n and_o posterity_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o perpetual_a thraldom_n and_o misery_n apostate_n a_o law_n more_o cruel_a than_o that_o julian_n the_o apostate_n for_o these_o law_n be_v not_o ordain_v for_o their_o reformation_n but_o of_o mere_a purpose_n to_o work_v their_o utter_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n which_o do_v evident_o appear_v in_o that_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o keep_v their_o child_n at_o learning_n or_o to_o put_v they_o to_o be_v apprentice_n to_o any_o occupation_n in_o any_o town_n or_o burrough_n in_o this_o realm_n let_v any_o indifferent_a man_n therefore_o judge_v and_o consider_v whether_o this_o extremity_n of_o law_n where_o justice_n itself_o be_v mere_a injury_n and_o cruelty_n be_v not_o a_o cause_n and_o matter_n sufficient_a to_o withdraw_v any_o people_n from_o civility_n to_o barbarism_n 〈…〉_o this_o hen._n dye_v in_o the_o 10_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o be_v a_o infant_n of_o ten_o month_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o tender_a age_n be_v not_o as_o by_o any_o word_n extent_n can_v be_v prove_v ever_o create_v prince_n but_o be_v proclaim_v king_n immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n by_o the_o name_n of_o henry_n the_o sixt._n edward_n of_o westminster_n henry_n the_o sixth_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a give_v to_o he_o in_o his_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v afterward_o by_o his_o charter_n bear_v date_n 15_o day_n of_o march_n 32._o regni_fw-la create_v edward_n his_o son_n bear_v at_o westminster_n by_o one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o patent_n to_o be_v both_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o invest_v he_o therein_o creation_n his_o creation_n with_o the_o usual_a ensign_n of_o that_o dignity_n as_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n accustom_v to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a dignity_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o england_n dodridge_n sr._n j._n dodridge_n which_o charter_n be_v recite_v in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n hold_v at_o westminster_n 9_o julii_n anno_fw-la 33._o regni_fw-la in_o the_o which_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v also_o recite_v another_o charter_n likewise_o confirm_v by_o the_o say_a parliament_n whereby_o the_o say_a king_n do_v give_v unto_o the_o say_a prince_n the_o say_a principality_n of_o wales_n together_o with_o all_o the_o lordship_n and_o land_n castle_n and_o tenement_n by_o special_a name_n above_o mention_v and_o all_o in_o the_o former_a charter_n grant_v and_o convey_v to_o the_o former_a prince_n and_o the_o say_a fee_n farm_n and_o rent_n of_o 113_o l._n 13_o s._n ob_fw-la out_o of_o the_o lordship_n and_o town_n of_o buelht_n and_o the_o say_v 56l_o 13_n 4d_o out_o of_o the_o lordship_n castle_n and_o town_n of_o montgomery_n likewise_o mention_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o former_a prince_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o same_o act_n of_o parliament_n also_o it_o be_v enact_v because_o the_o say_a prince_n be_v then_o of_o tender_a year_n and_o there_o be_v assign_v unto_o he_o a_o certain_a
they_o be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n or_o whereby_o any_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o say_a principality_n be_v give_v or_o confer_v unto_o any_o of_o they_o so_o that_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v prince_n general_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o not_o prince_n of_o wales_n by_o any_o creation_n or_o investure_n for_o in_o a_o record_n of_o a_o account_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v edward_n he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n of_o england_n and_o not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o succession_n or_o rank_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o i_o have_v draw_v in_o a_o historical_a though_o in_o a_o plain_a and_o homely_a manner_n thereby_o the_o better_a to_o take_v the_o harshness_n of_o the_o particularity_n of_o record_n intermingle_v therewith_o which_o of_o themselves_o although_o they_o offer_v profitable_a knowledge_n yet_o they_o do_v carry_v with_o they_o small_a delight_n but_o also_o for_o that_o the_o variety_n of_o thing_n in_o those_o succeed_a age_n in_o the_o sundry_a occurrence_n and_o accident_n thereof_o do_v yield_v good_a matter_n of_o observance_n and_o worthy_a memory_n represent_v as_o it_o be_v the_o english_a state_n for_o the_o time_n of_o more_o than_o 200_o year_n now_o therefore_o do_v rest_n nevertheless_o three_o thing_n concern_v the_o say_a principality_n to_o be_v further_o consider_v of_o first_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o order_n the_o say_a principality_n and_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v govern_v and_o direct_v under_o the_o say_a prince_n second_o what_o officer_n as_o well_o domestical_a as_o other_o the_o say_a prince_n have_v about_o they_o and_o their_o fee_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o i_o can_v come_v to_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n thereof_o and_o three_o a_o abstract_a of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o say_a principality_n as_o they_o late_o stand_v whereby_o it_o may_v be_v perceive_v what_o in_o time_n past_o the_o say_a revenue_n have_v be_v the_o manner_n of_o government_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n the_o say_a principality_n be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o welsh_a blood_n who_o ancient_a patrimony_n yet_o remain_v until_o the_o conquest_n thereof_o by_o k._n ed._n i._o as_o have_v already_o be_v show_v be_v guide_v govern_v and_o direct_v by_o their_o own_o municipal_a law_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n most_o of_o which_o have_v their_o commencement_n from_o the_o constitution_n of_o one_o of_o their_o ancient_a prince_n call_v howel_n dha_n as_o their_o historian_n report_v but_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n he_o divide_v certain_a part_n of_o that_o territory_n into_o shire_n he_o cause_v the_o welsh_a law_n to_o be_v peruse_v some_o whereof_o he_o do_v allow_v and_o approve_v some_o other_o he_o do_v abbrogate_v and_o disannul_v and_o in_o their_o place_n appoint_v new_a altogether_o according_a to_o the_o english_a manner_n of_o execute_v justice_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v devise_v certain_a brief_n writ_n or_o formula_fw-la juris_fw-la and_o he_o institute_v their_o manner_n of_o process_n plead_n and_o course_n of_o their_o judicial_a proceed_n all_o which_o thing_n do_v manifest_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o ruthlan_n in_o wales_n call_v therefore_o statutum_n walliae_fw-la and_o when_o they_o want_v a_o writ_n of_o form_n to_o serve_v the_o present_a case_n then_o use_v they_o the_o write_v of_o quod_fw-la ei_fw-la deforciat_fw-la which_o supply_v that_o defect_n and_o although_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n as_o have_v appear_v by_o some_o of_o the_o record_n be_v divide_v into_o 3_o province_n north-wales_n southwales_n and_o westwales_n for_o so_o in_o some_o of_o the_o former_a patent_n they_o be_v mention_v yet_o for_o the_o jurisdiction_n thereof_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n north-wales_n and_o southwales_n for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o westwales_n be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o shire_n of_o pembrock_n which_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a shire_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o conquer_v by_o the_o english_a in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n rufus_n long_a time_n before_o the_o general_a conquest_n of_o wales_n by_o richard_n strongbow_n be_v english_a and_o the_o earl_n thereof_o and_o call_v also_o by_o some_o earl_n of_o strigulia_n or_o chepstow_n or_o rather_o strigul_n castle_n be_v the_o first_o that_o attempt_v the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o day_n of_o hen._n ii_o the_o province_n of_o north-wales_n and_o southwales_n be_v govern_v by_o law_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o prince_n have_v and_o use_v to_o hold_v a_o chancery_n and_o a_o court_n of_o exchequer_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o gaernarvon_n for_o north-wales_n and_o have_v a_o judge_n or_o justice_n which_o minister_v justice_n there_o to_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o north-wales_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v the_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n the_o like_a court_n of_o chancery_n and_o exchequer_n he_o hold_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n for_o southwales_n where_o he_o have_v a_o justice_n likewise_o call_v the_o justice_n of_o southwales_n 6._o 3._o ed._n 3._o â—9_n &_o in_o le_fw-fr novel_a prin_fw-mi 63._o a_o 7._o hen._n 35_o 6._o and_o the_o court_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o judge_n so_o hold_v within_o the_o several_a province_n be_v call_v the_o great_a session_n of_o those_o province_n and_o sometime_o those_o justice_n be_v itenerant_a and_o sit_v in_o every_o of_o the_o several_a county_n of_o his_o province_n in_o those_o great_a session_n the_o cause_n of_o great_a moment_n real_a personal_a and_o mix_v and_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n concern_v life_n and_o member_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v 7._o minister_n account_n 18._o h_o 7._o in_o these_o great_a court_n also_o upon_o creation_n of_o every_o new_a prince_n there_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o people_n of_o that_o province_n unto_o the_o prince_n nomine_fw-la recognitionis_fw-la ad_fw-la primum_fw-la adventum_fw-la principis_fw-la certain_a sum_n of_o money_n as_o it_o be_v in_o acknowledgement_n or_o relief_n of_o the_o new_a prince_n which_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v call_v by_o they_o mise_n these_o mise_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o people_n unto_o the_o prince_n for_o his_o allowance_n of_o their_o law_n and_o ancient_a custom_n and_o a_o general_a pardon_n of_o their_o offence_n sinable_a or_o punishable_a by_o the_o prince_n and_o that_o sum_n of_o those_o mise_n for_o the_o shire_n of_o caermardhyn_n only_o amount_v unto_o 800._o mark_n and_o for_o the_o shire_n of_o cardigan_n the_o total_a sum_n of_o the_o mise_v amount_v unto_o 600_o mark_n as_o by_o sundry_a record_n do_v appear_v these_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v pay_v at_o certain_a day_n by_o several_a portion_n such_o as_o be_v appoint_v and_o in_o the_o say_a session_n agree_v upon_o also_o in_o every_o shire_n of_o every_o the_o say_a province_n there_o be_v hold_v certain_a inferior_a court_n call_v therefore_o county_n court_n and_o shire_n court_n and_o tourn_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o england_n and_o which_o by_o some_o be_v also_o call_v the_o petty_a session_n and_o there_o be_v also_o court_v inferior_a in_o sundry_a county_n for_o end_v of_o cause_n of_o less_o moment_n and_o importance_n and_o if_o any_o wrong_a judgement_n be_v give_v in_o any_o of_o those_o leferiour_a court_n a._n 19_o h_o 6._o 12._o b._n 21._o h._n 7._o 33._o a._n the_o same_o be_v redress_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o false_a judgement_n in_o the_o court_n superior_a and_o if_o any_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v give_v in_o the_o great_a session_n which_o be_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n that_o error_n be_v either_o redress_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o penal_a justice_n itenerant_a or_o else_o in_o parliament_n and_o not_o otherwise_o in_o any_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n now_o at_o westminster_n welsh_a a_o noble_a policy_n of_o william_n conq._n good_a for_o himself_o but_o destructive_a to_o the_o welsh_a as_o touch_v the_o government_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n it_o appear_v by_o divers_a ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o counquerour_n after_o he_o have_v conquer_v the_o english_a placed_z divers_z of_o his_o norman_a nobility_n upon_o the_o confine_n and_o border_n towards_o wales_n and_o erect_v the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n be_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o north-wales_n to_o a_o palatinate_n and_o give_v power_n unto_o the_o the_o say_a person_n thus_o place_v upon_o those_o border_n to_o make_v such_o conquest_n upon_o the_o welsh_a as_o they_o by_o their_o strength_n can_v accomplish_v hold_v it_o a_o very_a good_a policy_n thereby_o not_o only_o to_o encourage_v they_o to_o be_v more_o willing_a to_o serve_v he_o but_o also_o to_o provide_v for_o they_o at_o other_o man_n cost_n and_o hereupon_o further_o
the_o say_a barony_n mercher_n be_v then_o in_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o for_o that_o also_o divers_a murder_n rape_n robery_n and_o enormity_n and_o odious_a offence_n have_v be_v there_o commit_v and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o flight_n of_o the_o offender_n shire_n monmoth_n make_v a_o english_a shire_n from_o one_o barony_n as_o be_v usual_a upon_o the_o border_n they_o have_v escape_v due_a and_o condign_a punishment_n for_o their_o such_o enormity_n and_o crime_n he_o ordain_v also_o that_o the_o county_n of_o monmoth_n former_o be_v a_o shire_n of_o wales_n shall_v be_v govern_v from_o thenceforth_o in_o like_a manner_n 26._o stat._n 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 26._o and_o by_o the_o same_o judge_n as_o other_o shire_n of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o other_o 12_o shire_n he_o order_v a_o special_a jurisdiction_n and_o officer_n but_o yet_o in_o substance_n agreeable_a and_o after_o the_o law_n of_o england_n although_o for_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n and_o person_n in_o some_o few_o thing_n discordant_a he_o ordain_v that_o out_o of_o every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n of_o wales_n there_o shall_v be_v one_o knight_n and_o out_o of_o every_o of_o the_o shire_n town_n of_o wales_n name_v in_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n 26._o stat._n 276._o cap_n 26._o there_o shall_v be_v one_o burgess_n elect_v after_o the_o english_a manner_n which_o knight_n and_o burgess_n so_o elect_v and_o due_o upon_o the_o summons_n of_o every_o parliament_n in_o england_n return_v shall_v have_v place_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n as_o other_z the_o knight_n and_o burgess_n of_o england_n use_v to_o have_v stat_n circuit_n 34._o h_o 8._o cap._n 26._o stat_n as_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n in_o the_o say_v 12_o shire_n of_o wales_n there_o be_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 34._o h._n 8._o ordain_v 4._o several_a circuit_n precint_n or_o conventus_fw-la juridicus_fw-la allot_v to_o every_o of_o they_o three_o of_o these_o shire_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o chester_n have_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n the_o three_o several_a shire_n of_o denbigh_n flint_n and_o montgomery_n his_o fee_n be_v yearly_o 100_o l._n justice_n justice_n the_o shire_n of_o carnarvan_n merion_v and_o anglesey_n be_v under_o the_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n who_o fee_n be_v 50_o l._n the_o county_n of_o carmardhin_n pembrock_n and_o cardigan_n have_v also_o their_o justice_n who_o fee_n be_v 50_o l._n the_o county_n of_o radnor_n brecknock_n and_o glamorgan_n have_v also_o their_o justice_n who_o fee_n be_v 50_o l._n after_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v 18._o eliz._n cap._n 8._o one_o other_o justice_n assistant_n be_v ordain_v to_o the_o former_a justice_n 8._o stat._n 18._o eliz._n cap._n 8._o so_o that_o now_o every_o of_o the_o say_v four_o circuit_n have_v two_o justice_n viz._n one_o chief_a justice_n and_o a_o second_o justice_n assistant_n their_o jurisdiction_n these_o justice_n in_o every_o of_o their_o circuit_n have_v almost_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n that_o the_o ancient_a justice_n in_o eyre_n or_o justice_n itenerant_n have_v first_o they_o have_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o criminal_a cause_n which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o herein_o they_o have_v the_o same_o absolute_a jurisdiction_n that_o the_o judge_n have_v of_o the_o k._n bench_n common_o so_o call_v they_o have_v also_o jurisdiction_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n which_o be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n common_a plea_n and_o to_o take_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o fine_n levy_v of_o land_n or_o hereditament_n without_o sue_v any_o dedimus_fw-la potestatem_fw-la and_o herein_o they_o have_v the_o same_o jurisdiction_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n do_v execute_v in_o the_o hall_n at_o westminster_n also_o they_o may_v hear_v and_o determine_v all_o assize_n upon_o disseison_n of_o land_n or_o hereditament_n wherein_o they_o equal_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n they_o may_v hear_v and_o determine_v all_o notable_a violence_n and_o outrage_n perpetrate_v or_o do_v within_o their_o several_a precint_n and_o therein_o they_o have_v the_o power_n authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n their_o chancery_n seal_n and_o writ_n for_o as_o much_o as_o no_o suit_n can_v commence_v between_o party_n and_o party_n nor_o orderly_a justice_n can_v be_v do_v without_o complaint_n of_o the_o pursuivant_n and_o summons_n and_o admonition_n give_v unto_o the_o defendant_n which_o summon_v the_o policy_n of_o england_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n have_v appoint_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o that_o kind_n of_o formulae_fw-la juris_fw-la which_o the_o common_a law_n call_v a_o writ_n or_o brief_n so_o call_v as_o bracton_n say_v breve_fw-la quia_fw-la rem_fw-la quae_fw-la est_fw-la &_o intentionem_fw-la petentis_fw-la breviter_fw-la enarrat_fw-la and_o which_o writ_n be_v always_o conceive_v in_o form_n quondam_a of_o the_o king_n name_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o preecept_n royal_a and_o seal_v with_o the_o king_n or_o potestates_fw-la great_a seal_n original_a write_v either_o judicial_a or_o original_a therefore_o in_o the_o appoint_v of_o this_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v ordain_v to_o every_o circuit_n or_o precint_n a_o several_a seal_n for_o the_o seal_n of_o such_o writ_n and_o commission_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v within_o that_o circuit_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o writt_n be_v either_o original_a such_o as_o begin_v the_o suit_n or_o else_o judicial_a such_o as_o command_v and_o warrant_v the_o execution_n thereof_o it_o be_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o 34_o hen._n 8._o ordain_v that_o the_o seal_n serve_v for_o original_a process_n in_o several_a shire_n of_o denbigh_n and_o montgomery_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o denbigh_n and_o what_o the_o original_a seal_n of_o chester_n shall_v be_v and_o stand_v for_o the_o original_a seal_n of_o flint_n and_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o chester_n the_o like_a seal_n serve_v for_o the_o several_a shire_n of_o carnarvan_n merion_v and_o anglesey_n to_o be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o north-wales_n the_o like_a seal_n concern_v the_o several_a shire_n of_o radnor_n brecknock_n and_o glamorgan_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o steward_n of_o brecknoc_n and_o final_o the_o like_a seal_n serve_v for_o the_o several_a shire_n of_o caermardhyn_n pembrockâ—_n and_o cardigan_n be_v in_o the_o usage_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o southwales_n these_o chamberlain_n be_v as_o chancellor_n in_o this_o behalf_n and_o have_v the_o seal_n of_o all_o original_a writ_n and_o commission_n within_o the_o several_a precint_n and_o these_o chamberlain_n may_v also_o award_v out_o several_a writ_n to_o all_o under-receiver_n of_o the_o revenue_n and_o minister_n to_o make_v their_o account_n the_o seal_n for_o seal_v judicial_a writ_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o say_a statute_n 34_o h._n 8._o to_o be_v and_o remain_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o every_o the_o say_a circuit_n for_o the_o more_o expedite_a execution_n of_o their_o judgement_n session_n the_o great_a session_n their_o session_n and_o manner_n of_o sit_v every_o of_o these_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a circuit_n shall_v be_v itenerant_a twice_o every_o year_n and_o sit_v in_o every_o of_o the_o shire_n with_o their_o authority_n by_o the_o space_n of_o six_o day_n together_o at_o a_o place_n certain_a by_o they_o so_o appoint_v and_o upon_o proclamation_n of_o summons_n to_o be_v make_v 15_o day_n before_o the_o say_a sit_n adjournment_n adjournment_n where_o all_o person_n require_v justice_n may_v purchase_v their_o writ_n and_o proceed_v in_o their_o suit_n and_o where_o adjournment_n of_o the_o cause_n there_o depend_v shall_v be_v de_fw-fr die_v in_o diem_fw-la and_o if_o the_o cause_n can_v have_v no_o end_n during_o the_o sit_v then_o from_o session_n to_o session_n as_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o business_n shall_v require_v and_o according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o say_a justice_n and_o these_o sit_n be_v call_v the_o great_a session_n session_n 34._o h_o 8_o cap._n 26._o â—_o 33_o petâ—y_a session_n and_o if_o their_o shall_v be_v such_o multitude_n of_o plea_n personal_a as_o that_o they_o can_v be_v try_v at_o the_o same_o great_a session_n than_o the_o issue_n there_o in_o trial_n shall_v and_o may_v be_v try_v at_o some_o session_n before_o the_o deputy_n justice_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o petty_a session_n and_o if_o any_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v give_v by_o the_o say_a justice_n in_o any_o real_a action_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v reverse_v by_o writ_n of_o error_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o
king_n bench_n and_o if_o the_o say_v erroneous_a judgement_n shall_v be_v in_o any_o action_n personal_a the_o same_o shall_v be_v reverse_v by_o bill_n before_o the_o lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o march_n and_o council_n there_o officer_n minister_n clerk_n and_o writer_n for_o the_o expedit_v of_o the_o say_v great_a session_n first_o there_o be_v the_o chamberlain_n of_o every_o the_o say_a circuit_n as_o have_v be_v say_v who_o be_v proper_o and_o original_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o revenue_n within_o their_o charge_n and_o by_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v also_o keeper_n of_o the_o seal_n as_o aforesaid_a therein_o they_o do_v undertake_v in_o part_n the_o office_n of_o a_o chancellor_n and_o in_o every_o of_o the_o say_a circuit_n there_o be_v the_o attorney_n or_o regius_n advocatia_n and_o solicitor_n there_o be_v a_o protonotary_n or_o chief_a register_n who_o draw_v all_o the_o plead_n crown_n protonotary_n clâ—rk_v of_o the_o crown_n enter_v and_o engross_v the_o record_n and_o judgement_n in_o civil_a cause_n and_o engross_a fine_n and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o clerk_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o draw_v and_o engross_v all_o inditement_n and_o proceed_n arraignment_n and_o judgement_n in_o criminal_a cause_n and_o these_o two_o officer_n be_v at_o the_o king_n or_o state_n appointment_n there_o be_v a_o marshal_n to_o attend_v the_o person_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o their_o common_a sit_v and_o go_v from_o the_o session_n or_o court_n marshal_n there_o be_v a_o marshal_n there_o be_v a_o crier_n tanquam_fw-la publicus_fw-la preco_fw-la to_o call_v forth_o such_o person_n who_o apparence_n be_v necessary_a and_o to_o impose_v silence_n to_o the_o people_n and_o these_o two_o officer_n last_o remember_v be_v depose_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o great_a session_n there_o be_v also_o other_o ordinary_a officer_n appoint_v for_o every_o shire_n in_o wales_n by_o the_o say_a statute_n 34._o henry_n 8._o such_o and_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o other_o the_o shire_n in_o england_n there_o be_v a_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o certain_a gentleman_n peace_n what_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n give_v they_o power_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o resist_v and_o punish_v all_o turbulent_a person_n who_o misdemeanour_n may_v tend_v to_o the_o disquiet_n of_o the_o people_n and_o these_o be_v call_v justice_n of_o peace_n and_o every_o of_o they_o may_v well_o be_v term_v eirnarcha_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o they_o be_v call_v custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la in_o who_o custody_n all_o the_o record_n of_o their_o proceed_n be_v resident_a other_o there_o be_v of_o that_o number_n call_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la because_o of_o their_o commission_n whereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v and_o determine_v cause_n concern_v breach_n of_o peace_n and_o misbehaviour_n the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v conceive_v thus_o quorum_fw-la such_fw-mi and_o such_o vnum_fw-la vel_fw-la dvos_fw-la etc._n etc._n esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la and_o without_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o of_o the_o quorum_fw-la no_o session_n can_v be_v hold_v and_o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o the_o superfluous_a number_n of_o such_o justice_n wales_n 8._o justice_n only_o allow_v in_o every_o county_n of_o wales_n for_o through_o the_o ambition_n of_o many_o it_o be_v account_v a_o credit_n to_o be_v burden_a with_o that_o authority_n the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o have_v express_o prohibit_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v above_o eight_o justice_n of_o peace_n within_o every_o of_o the_o county_n and_o shire_n of_o wales_n which_o if_o the_o number_n be_v not_o indefinite_a for_o the_o shire_n in_o england_n it_o be_v the_o better_a these_o justice_n do_v hold_v their_o session_n quarterly_a and_o it_o be_v further_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen_n 8._o that_o two_o justice_n of_o peace_n whereof_o one_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la may_v hold_v their_o session_n without_o any_o great_a number_n in_o every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n where_o the_o say_a commission_n of_o peace_n be_v establish_v there_o be_v also_o a_o clerk_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o enter_v and_o engross_n of_o all_o proceed_n before_o the_o say_a justice_n and_o this_o officer_n be_v appoint_v by_o the_o custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la 49._o sr._n john_n dod_n fol._n 49._o every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n have_v a_o sheriff_n which_o word_n be_v of_o the_o saxon_a english_a be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v a_o shire-reeve_n or_o minister_n or_o bailiff_n of_o the_o county_n his_o function_n or_o office_n be_v twofold_a ministerial_a and_o judicial_a as_o touch_v his_o ministerial_a office_n he_o be_v the_o minister_n and_o executioner_n of_o all_o the_o process_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o court_n of_o law_n and_o thereof_o aught_o to_o make_v return_n and_o certificate_n call_v why_o the_o turn_v court_n so_o call_v and_o as_o touch_v the_o judicial_a office_n he_o have_v authority_n to_o hold_v two_o several_a court_n of_o distinct_a nature_n the_o one_o call_v the_o turn_v because_o he_o keep_v a_o turn_v or_o circuit_n about_o the_o shire_n hold_v the_o same_o in_o several_a place_n wherein_o he_o do_v inquire_v of_o all_o offence_n perpetrate_v against_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o forbid_v by_o any_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n communicative_a the_o county_n court_n derive_v from_o justice_n communicative_a and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n be_v derive_v from_o justice_n distributive_a and_o be_v for_o criminal_a offence_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o county_n court_n where_o he_o do_v determine_v all_o petty_a and_o small_a cause_n civil_a under_o the_o value_n of_o 40_o s._n arise_v within_o the_o say_a county_n and_o thereof_o it_o be_v call_v the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n be_v draw_v from_o justice_n communicative_a and_o be_v hold_v every_o month_n the_o office_n of_o the_o sheriff_n be_v annual_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o the_o lord_n precedent_n council_n and_o justice_n of_o wales_n or_o three_o of_o they_o at_o the_o least_o whereof_o the_o precedent_n to_o be_v one_o shall_v yearly_o nominate_v three_o fit_a person_n for_o that_o office_n of_o who_o the_o king_n or_o state_n may_v elect_v one_o who_o thereupon_o shall_v have_v his_o patent_n and_o be_v sheriff_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n call_v escheator_n why_o so_o call_v every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n have_v a_o officer_n call_v a_o escheator_n which_o be_v a_o officer_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n revenue_n and_o to_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n all_o land_n either_o escheat_v good_n or_o land_n forfeit_v &_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v escheator_n and_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v by_o good_a enquest_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n and_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v descend_v and_o to_o seize_v the_o body_n and_o land_n for_o ward_n if_o they_o be_v within_o age_n and_o be_v accountable_a for_o the_o same_o and_o this_o officer_n in_o wales_n be_v nominate_v 16._o escheator_n 34_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 16._o by_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n precedent_n council_n and_o justice_n or_o three_o of_o they_o at_o least_o whereof_o the_o lord_n precedent_n to_o be_v one_o there_o be_v also_o in_o every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n two_o officer_n call_v coroner_n they_o be_v to_o inquire_v by_o enquest_n in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o every_o person_n die_v a_o violent_a death_n come_v to_o his_o death_n and_o to_o enter_v the_o same_o of_o record_n which_o be_v matter_n criminal_a and_o a_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n call_v coroner_n why_o so_o call_v and_o thereof_o they_o be_v call_v coroner_n or_o crowner_n as_o one_o have_v write_v because_o their_o inquiry_n ought_v to_o be_v public_a et_fw-la in_o corona_n populi_n these_o officer_n be_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n de_fw-fr coronatore_fw-la eligendo_fw-la and_o of_o they_o i_o need_v not_o speak_v more_o because_o these_o officer_n be_v elsewhere_o goal_n the_o goal_n forasmuch_o as_o every_o shire_n have_v one_o goal_n or_o prison_n appoint_v for_o the_o restraint_n of_o liberty_n of_o such_o person_n as_o for_o their_o offence_n be_v thereunto_o commit_v until_o they_o shall_v be_v deliver_v by_o course_n of_o law_n final_o in_o every_o hundred_o of_o every_o of_o the_o say_a shire_n the_o sheriff_n thereof_o shall_v nominate_v sufficient_a person_n to_o be_v bailiff_n of_o that_o hundred_o and_o under_o minister_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o they_o be_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o justice_n in_o every_o of_o their_o court_n and_o session_n the_o government_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n