people_n we_o find_v in_o 6_o edw._n 3_o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 4._o nu.4_n 13_o ed._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 5._o numb.5_n 18_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb.10.26.in_fw-fr arch._n turris_n turris_n in_o 28_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 26._o 27._o the_o commons_o complain_v of_o a_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o wool-fell_n and_o desire_v that_o the_o old_a custom_n may_v he_o pay_v the_o king_n answer_n be_v the_o old_a custom_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v withdraw_v in_o 38_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 26._o numb.26_n the_o commons_o desire_v that_o a_o imposition_n of_o three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n at_o calais_n and_o all_o unreasonable_a imposition_n be_v repeal_v the_o king_n answer_n unto_o this_o be_v it_o please_v the_o king_n that_o all_o unreasonable_a imposition_n be_v repeal_v like_v unto_o this_o be_v that_o answer_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_v of_o 6_o edw._n 3._o numb._n 4._o numb.4_n in_o arch._n turris_n when_o petition_n be_v make_v for_o remittal_n of_o imposition_n i_o shall_v say_v the_o king_n assess_v no_o such_o tallage_n in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o in_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o time_n of_o my_o ancestor_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v by_o reason_n can_v any_o wit_n of_o man_n pick_v any_o argument_n out_o of_o these_o answer_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o set_v impositiout_a upon_o merchandize_n last_o in_o 13_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 13._o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o the_o maletolt_n of_o wool_n may_v be_v take_v as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o former_a time_n be_v then_o enhance_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o commons_o to_o this_o petition_n there_o be_v no_o answer_n find_v of_o record_n the_o king_n be_v silent_a and_o give_v no_o answer_n at_o all_o which_o doubtless_o the_o king_n have_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v if_o the_o petition_n have_v be_v exhibit_v in_o point_n of_o right_a and_o not_o in_o point_n of_o favour_n three_o touch_v the_o punish_n of_o the_o person_n before_o mention_v for_o procure_v of_o new_a imposition_n to_o be_v set_v upon_o merchandize_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v two_o circumstance_n first_o the_o time_n when_o and_o next_o the_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o person_n be_v call_v in_o question_n the_o time_n when_o these_o person_n be_v call_v to_o account_v be_v a_o parliament_n hold_v in_o 50_o edw._n 3._o the_o last_o year_n of_o that_o king_n reign_n at_o which_o time_n that_o great_a and_o renown_a prince_n who_o have_v be_v former_o assist_v by_o a_o most_o wise_a and_o politic_a council_n be_v become_v weak_a and_o stupid_a and_o almost_o in_o despair_n through_o sickness_n age_n melancholy_a conceit_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n the_o black_a prince_n and_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v â—ll-governed_a by_o a_o woman_n call_v alice_n perrey_n and_o her_o favourite_n the_o lord_n latimer_n upon_o which_o occasion_n and_o advantage_n the_o commons_o grow_v more_o bold_a than_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v in_o former_a parliament_n and_o therefore_o if_o aught_o have_v be_v do_v in_o that_o parliament_n which_o may_v prejudice_v the_o king_n prerogative_n it_o be_v â—ot_v to_o be_v urge_v as_o a_o example_n or_o presiâ—ent_a in_o these_o time_n but_o in_o truth_n the_o â—auses_n for_o which_o these_o person_n be_v cenâ—ured_v do_v rather_o approve_v the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n than_o any_o way_n disaffirm_v the_o same_o first_o richard_n â—ions_n a_o farmer_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v accuse_v in_o this_o parliament_n by_o the_o commons_o that_o he_o have_v set_v and_o procure_v to_o be_v set_v upon_o wool_n and_o other_o merchandize_n certain_a new_a imposition_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n convert_v the_o same_o to_o his_o own_o use_n without_o control_n the_o high_a treasurer_n not_o be_v acquaint_v therewith_o the_o say_a richard_n assume_v to_o himself_o in_o divers_a thing_n as_o a_o king_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n numb._n 17_o 18_o nu.17,18_a 19_o 20._o this_o be_v his_o accusation_n and_o though_o his_o answer_n be_v that_o he_o set_v those_o imposition_n by_o the_o king_n commandment_n yet_o do_v he_o show_v no_o warrant_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o be_v just_o punish_v with_o fine_a ransom_n disfranchisment_n and_o imprisonment_n but_o how_o may_v this_o insolency_n and_o misdemeanour_n of_o a_o subject_a be_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n lion_n a_o merchant_n of_o his_o own_o head_n can_v set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n ergo_o king_n edw._n 3._o a_o monarch_n of_o his_o royal_a authority_n can_v do_v it_o what_o a_o absurd_a argument_n be_v this_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v it_o be_v high_a treason_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o coin_n money_n ergo_fw-la the_o king_n himself_o can_v do_v it_o or_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v do_v beside_o the_o accusation_n itself_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v upon_o merchandize_n because_o lion_n be_v charge_v be_v a_o subject_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o king_n in_o divers_a thing_n and_o namely_o in_o set_v of_o imposition_n as_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v say_v a_o king_n may_v do_v it_o but_o not_o a_o subject_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n solus_fw-la princeps_fw-la instituit_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la regni_fw-la tantum_fw-la juris_fw-la et_fw-la muneris_fw-la est_fw-la indicere_fw-la vectialia_fw-la imponere_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la maximi_fw-la imperii_fw-la est_fw-la inferior_a a_o principe_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la imponere_fw-la and_o the_o like_a and_o the_o bill_n exhibit_v by_o the_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n 50_o edw._n 3._o rot._n parliament_n 191._o pray_v that_o those_o that_o shall_v set_v new_a imposition_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n encroach_v unto_o themselves_o royal_a power_n may_v have_v judgement_n of_o life_n and_o member_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o good_a reason_n and_o do_v prove_v it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o royal_a power_n to_o set_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o subject_a of_o his_o own_o head_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n will_v presume_v to_o do_v it_o he_o be_v worthy_a to_o die_v for_o it_o and_o yet_o this_o bill_n do_v receive_v but_o a_o general_a answer_n viz._n let_v the_o common_a law_n run_v as_o it_o have_v be_v use_v heretofore_o touch_v the_o lord_n latimer_n case_n censure_n he_o have_v not_o only_o upon_o his_o own_o head_n and_o authority_n set_v sundry_a imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n at_o calais_n where_o the_o staple_n there_o be_v much_o decay_v but_o he_o be_v charge_v with_o sundry_a other_o misdemeanour_n mention_v in_o the_o say_a roll_n namely_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o divers_a tally_n and_o ticket_n whereby_o the_o king_n be_v indebt_v unto_o his_o soldier_n and_o pensioner_n for_o which_o he_o give_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o party_n and_o yet_o have_v a_o entire_a allowance_n in_o the_o exchequer_n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o scandal_n of_o the_o court_n that_o he_o have_v also_o deceive_v the_o king_n of_o the_o pay_n and_o wage_n which_o he_o have_v send_v unto_o his_o soldier_n in_o britain_n that_o he_o have_v sell_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o the_o king_n provision_n for_o his_o army_n there_o and_o convert_v the_o same_o to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o that_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o the_o town_n of_o saint_n saviour_n in_o normandy_n and_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o betherell_n in_o britainy_a not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o corruption_n and_o treason_n how_o can_v the_o lord_n latimer_n censure_n for_o these_o deceit_n and_o misdemeanour_n make_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o right_a of_o the_o crown_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o john_n peachy_n case_n who_o have_v get_v a_o patent_n that_o none_o shall_v sell_v sweet_a wine_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n but_o himself_o his_o deputy_n and_o assign_v by_o colour_n thereof_o do_v extort_v three_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o pipe_n or_o vessel_n of_o sweet_a wine_n sell_v by_o other_o within_o the_o city_n shall_v this_o extortion_n commit_v by_o a_o subject_a by_o colour_n of_o a_o patent_n where_o perhaps_o the_o patent_n do_v not_o warrant_v it_o be_v object_v as_o a_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n himself_o may_v not_o lay_v the_o like_a insition_n upon_o every_o pipe_n or_o vessel_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n therefore_o the_o punishment_n of_o these_o person_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n that_o for_o a_o 150._o year_n after_o that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v upon_o merchandize_n by_o prerogative_n but_o the_o prince_n who_o succeed_v edw._n 3._o until_o queen_n mary_n do_v
the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o same_o do_v concern_v merchant_n and_o merchandize_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o customary_a or_o common_a law_n of_o england_n especial_o be_v cause_v the_o rule_n of_o those_o other_o law_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o other_o nation_n with_o who_o we_o have_v commerce_n and_o to_o who_o and_o from_o who_o all_o merchandize_n be_v transport_v whereas_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o own_o municipal_a law_n be_v only_o know_v within_o our_o island_n and_o if_o this_o question_n may_v be_v decide_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n or_o by_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v but_o a_o member_n thereof_o or_o by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n we_o find_v this_o point_n clear_o and_o absolute_o determine_v and_o overruled_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o law_n viz._n that_o all_o absolute_a king_n and_o prince_n may_v set_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n by_o their_o prerogative_n and_o thereupon_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o since_o one_o monarch_n have_v as_o much_o power_n as_o another_o as_o fortescue_n fortescue_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la affirm_v the_o k._n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o king_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o cum_fw-la ipse_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la habet_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la quas_fw-la imperator_fw-la vindicat_fw-la in_fw-la imperio_fw-la as_o king_n william_n rufus_n tell_v the_o archbishop_n anselm_n may_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n annex_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o inherent_a to_o his_o sceptre_n lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n export_v or_o import_v into_o any_o of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o doninion_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o general_a and_o that_o the_o same_o do_v consist_v in_o certain_a special_a point_n or_o case_n reserve_v to_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o that_o the_o canon_n law_n of_o england_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o submit_v itself_o to_o these_o prerogative_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o all_o person_n equal_a there_o be_v neither_o meum_fw-la nor_o tuum_fw-la there_o be_v neither_o king_n nor_o subject_a then_o come_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o do_v limit_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o bring_v in_o property_n which_o bring_v in_o community_n of_o thing_n which_o bring_v in_o king_n and_o ruler_n which_o take_v away_o equality_n of_o person_n for_o property_n cause_v contract_n trade_n and_o traffic_n which_o can_v not_o be_v minister_v without_o a_o king_n or_o magistrate_n so_o as_o the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v king_n be_v to_o maintain_v property_n and_o contract_n and_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n among_o man_n hereupon_o by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nation_n tribute_n and_o custom_n become_v due_a to_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n to_o maintain_v he_o in_o his_o place_n of_o government_n quasi_fw-la ministerii_fw-la sui_fw-la stipendia_fw-la say_v the_o school-man_n deo_fw-la minister_fw-la est_fw-la tibi_fw-la in_fw-la bonum_fw-la ideo_fw-la et_fw-la tributa_fw-la potestas_fw-la say_v saint_n paul_n and_o all_o these_o thing_n namely_o property_n and_o contract_n and_o king_n and_o custom_n be_v before_o any_o positive_a law_n be_v make_v then_o come_v the_o positive_a law_n and_o limit_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereas_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o king_n have_v a_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n in_o all_o matter_n whatsoever_o by_o the_o positive_a law_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v please_v to_o limit_v and_o stint_v his_o absolute_a power_n and_o to_o tie_v himself_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n in_o common_a and_o ordinary_a case_n worthy_o and_o princely_a according_a to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n dignissimum_fw-la principe_fw-la rex_fw-la se_fw-la allegatum_fw-la legibus_fw-la consiteri_fw-la retain_v and_o reserve_v notwithstanding_o in_o many_o point_n that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o be_v give_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o these_o case_n or_o point_n the_o king_n prerogative_n do_v consist_v so_o as_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v not_o grant_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o people_n but_o reserve_v by_o himself_o to_o himself_o when_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v first_o establish_v and_o the_o king_n do_v exercise_v a_o double_a power_n viz._n a_o absolute_a power_n or_o merum_fw-la imperium_fw-la when_o he_o do_v use_v prerogative_n only_o which_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n and_o a_o ordinary_a power_n of_o jurisdiction_n which_o do_v cooperate_v with_o the_o law_n and_o whereby_o he_o do_v minister_v justice_n to_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o prescript_n rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n as_o for_o example_n the_o king_n do_v not_o condemn_v all_o malefactor_n but_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n but_o when_o the_o malefactor_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o law_n he_o give_v he_o a_o pardon_n by_o his_o absolute_a prerogative_n again_o the_o king_n do_v punish_v the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o the_o land_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o he_o do_v make_v war_n and_o peace_n with_o foreign_a nation_n quod_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la liberum_fw-la jus_fw-la gladii_fw-la as_o a_o doctor_n speak_v by_o that_o absolute_a and_o unlimited_a power_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v give_v unto_o he_o again_o the_o king_n do_v establish_v the_o standard_n of_o money_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n only_o for_o the_o common_a law_n do_v give_v no_o rule_n touch_v the_o matter_n or_o form_n or_o value_n thereof_o but_o when_o those_o money_n be_v disperse_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o subject_n the_o same_o do_v become_v subject_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o property_n thereof_o to_o the_o ordinary_a rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o the_o right_a of_o freehold_n and_o all_o inheritance_n and_o all_o contract_n real_a and_o personal_a arise_v within_o the_o land_n be_v leave_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o the_o government_n and_o order_n of_o traffic_n trade_n and_o commerce_n both_o within_o the_o land_n and_o without_o do_v rest_n in_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o principal_a prerogative_n wherein_o the_o king_n be_v like_a to_o primum_fw-la mobile_a which_o carry_v about_o all_o the_o inferior_a sphere_n in_o his_o superior_a course_n and_o yet_o do_v suffer_v all_o the_o planet_n underneath_o he_o to_o finish_v all_o their_o divers_a and_o particular_a course_n or_o rather_o he_o do_v imitate_v the_o divine_a majesty_n which_o in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n do_v suffer_v thing_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o pass_v according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o course_n of_o nature_n yet_o many_o time_n do_v show_v his_o extraordinary_a power_n in_o work_v of_o miracle_n above_o nature_n and_o true_o as_o the_o king_n do_v suffer_v the_o customary_a law_n of_o england_n to_o have_v her_o course_n on_o the_o one_o side_n so_o do_v the_o same_o law_n yield_v submit_v and_o give_v way_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n over_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o in_o the_o 1_o hen._n 7._o fol._n 23._o 7.fol.23_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n that_o every_o custom_n be_v void_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_fw-la praerogativum_fw-la regis_fw-la which_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n beside_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n above_o the_o common_a law_n do_v appear_v in_o this_o that_o whereas_o all_o privilege_n do_v flow_v and_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o every_o privilege_n in_o one_o point_n or_o other_o private_a communem_fw-la legem_fw-la yet_o the_o common_a law_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o privilege_n grant_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o the_o order_n and_o govern_v of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_n in_o corporation_n market_n and_o fair_n within_o the_o land_n and_o the_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v this_o prerogative_n and_o submit_v itself_o there_o unto_o first_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o corporation_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n within_o the_o land_n be_v chief_o institute_v for_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o not_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o common_a law_n no_o such_o corporation_n can_v be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o king_n charter_n for_o though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o corporation_n which_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n yet_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o same_o at_o first_o have_v their_o beginning_n by_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n beside_o we_o find_v in_o divers_a ancient_a charter_n make_v unto_o those_o corporation_n a_o power_n grant_v unto_o the_o king_n to_o take_v de_fw-la
they_o have_v the_o same_o right_n the_o same_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n that_o their_o predecessor_n have_v but_o because_o they_o find_v other_o mean_n to_o make_v other_o profit_n upon_o transport_v of_o merchandize_n and_o that_o in_o another_o manner_n and_o in_o so_o high_a measure_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n in_o those_o day_n can_v hardly_o bear_v any_o great_a charge_n without_o danger_n of_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o therefore_o those_o prince_n do_v in_o their_o wisdom_n forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o further_a imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n for_o these_o king_n who_o reign_v after_o king_n edw._n 3._o who_o conquer_v calais_n in_o france_n and_o before_o queen_n mary_n lose_v calais_n have_v two_o principal_a way_n and_o mean_n to_o raise_v extraordinary_a profit_n upon_o merchandize_n but_o proceed_v from_o one_o cause_n namely_o from_o establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n for_o king_n edw._n 3._o some_o few_o year_n before_o his_o death_n do_v by_o his_o prerogative_n in_o point_n of_o government_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n erect_v a_o staple_n at_o his_o town_n of_o calais_n calais_n and_o do_v ordain_v and_o command_v that_o all_o the_o merchandize_n export_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n by_o any_o merchant_n denison_n or_o alien_n shall_v present_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n and_o to_o no_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o sea_n this_o staple_n at_o calais_n be_v first_o settle_v and_o fix_v there_o by_o a_o ordinance_n which_o the_o king_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o if_o this_o ordinance_n so_o make_v have_v be_v think_v unlawful_a and_o against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o will_v never_o have_v be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o so_o many_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o rich_a 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o and_o edw_n 4._o neither_o can_v there_o have_v be_v such_o heavy_a penalty_n lay_v by_o those_o parliament_n upon_o the_o transgressor_n of_o those_o ordinance_n insomuch_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o it_o be_v make_v felony_n to_o transport_v any_o merchandize_n to_o any_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o calais_n only_o now_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n be_v thus_o establish_v there_o do_v arise_v a_o double_a profit_n to_o the_o crown_n for_o transport_n of_o merchandize_n over_o and_o above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o other_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n first_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o merchandize_n transport_v out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n which_o before_o be_v single_a and_o pay_v but_o once_o that_o be_v upon_o the_o outgate_n after_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n the_o duty_n for_o the_o same_o merchandize_n become_v double_a at_o the_o least_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n treble_a and_o be_v ever_o pay_v twice_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thrice_o namely_o once_o upon_o the_o outgate_n in_o the_o port_n of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n second_o upon_o the_o ingate_n at_o calais_n and_o because_o all_o the_o commodity_n bring_v into_o calais_n can_v not_o be_v vent_v into_o the_o main_a land_n there_o but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v to_o be_v export_v again_o by_o sea_n into_o high_a or_o low_a germany_n and_o other_o the_o north_n east_n country_n and_o some_o into_o spain_n and_o italy_n and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o levant_n there_o do_v arise_v a_o three_o payment_n of_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n for_o so_o much_o of_o their_o commodity_n as_o be_v export_v again_o cut_v of_o calais_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n do_v amount_v to_o threescore_o thousand_o or_o threescore_o and_o ten_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o king_n edw._n 3._o 3_o and_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o rich._n 2._o hen._n 4._o hen._n 5._o 5_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 6._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o england_n which_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n at_o this_o day_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v now_o raise_v from_o two_o shilling_n to_o five_o shilling_n do_v make_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o do_v equal_a or_o surmount_v all_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n receive_v at_o this_o day_n though_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o consequent_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v exceed_o increase_v in_o these_o time_n and_o albeit_o the_o breach_n of_o amity_n between_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o low_a germany_n in_o the_o weak_a and_o unfortunate_a time_n of_o king_n hen._n 6._o do_v cause_v a_o stop_n of_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o that_o country_n into_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o staple_n ware_n especial_o wool_n and_o cloth_n be_v vent_v and_o utter_v and_o be_v likewise_o the_o cause_n of_o loss_n of_o all_o our_o territory_n in_o france_n except_o calais_n and_o all_o the_o merchandize_n thereof_o whereby_o the_o custom_n and_o other_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o unhappy_a prince_n withdraw_v and_o diminish_v to_o a_o low_a proportion_n yet_o afterwards_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o margaret_n sister_n to_o king_n e._n 4._o unto_o the_o lord_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o that_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a wool_n which_o bring_v so_o much_o gold_n into_o his_o country_n he_o institute_v the_o order_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n and_o thereupon_o the_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n be_v raise_v again_o to_o so_o high_a a_o revenue_n as_o our_o king_n can_v not_o well_o in_o policy_n strain_v that_o strength_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandize_n any_o high_a second_o albeit_o the_o staple_n establish_v at_o calais_n be_v first_o establish_v by_o a_o order_n make_v by_o the_o king_n prerogative_n and_o absolute_a power_n be_v afterwards_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o sundry_a act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o do_v the_o king_n by_o another_o prerogative_n retain_v a_o power_n to_o dispense_v with_o that_o ordinance_n and_o those_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o to_o give_v licence_n to_o such_o and_o so_o many_o merchant_n as_o himself_o think_v fit_a to_o export_v any_o merchandize_n out_o of_o england_n wales_n and_o ireland_n unto_o any_o other_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n beside_o à _fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la of_o the_o first_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o statute_n which_o do_v establish_v the_o staple_n at_o calais_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o prerogative_n and_o power_n the_o several_a king_n who_o have_v calais_n in_o their_o possession_n do_v grant_v so_o many_o licence_n to_o merchant_n as_o well_o alien_n as_o denizen_n to_o transport_v our_o staple_n commodity_n immediate_o into_o other_o place_n without_o come_v to_o calais_n for_o which_o license_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o incredible_a number_n find_v in_o the_o record_n of_o england_n the_o merchant_n pay_v so_o dear_a for_o their_o commodity_n especial_o the_o genoese_n and_o the_o venetian_n and_o other_o merchant_n of_o the_o levant_n as_o by_o the_o profit_n make_v of_o those_o licence_n do_v amount_v to_o double_v the_o value_n of_o those_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n payable_a for_o exportation_n thereof_o and_o thereof_o those_o prince_n as_o they_o have_v the_o less_o need_n so_o have_v they_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o to_o charge_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandize_n with_o any_o other_o or_o great_a imposition_n in_o these_o two_o point_n before_o express_v do_v consist_v the_o principal_a cause_n why_o the_o prince_n of_o england_n who_o succeed_v king_n edw._n 3._o who_o win_v calais_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o lose_v calais_n do_v not_o direct_o use_v their_o prerogative_n in_o set_v any_o other_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n above_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v by_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o most_o part_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o reign_v after_o k._n edw._n 3._o and_o before_o queen_n mary_n have_v the_o subsidy_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o parliament_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o staple_n of_o calais_n do_v augment_v not_o a_o little_a the_o profit_n lay_v upon_o merchandize_n and_o may_v be_v a_o reason_n likewise_o why_o those_o king_n do_v forbear_v to_o lay_v any_o other_o imposition_n by_o their_o prerogative_n we_o may_v add_v hereunto_o other_o reason_n first_o rich._n 2._o be_v a_o minor_a and_o overruled_a by_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o
trade_n and_o traffic_v with_o foreign_a nation_n and_o to_o stranger_n that_o trade_n and_o traffic_v with_o we_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o commutative_a justice_n within_o the_o land_n the_o king_n receive_v sundry_a profit_n which_o grow_v first_o by_o way_n of_o imposition_n a_o man_n can_v recover_v a_o debt_n in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o first_o he_o pay_v the_o king_n a_o fine_a for_o his_o first_o process_n land_n can_v be_v convey_v by_o a_o common_a recovery_n but_o a_o fine_a for_o the_o original_a must_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n neither_o can_v land_n be_v pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o by_o fine_a in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o the_o king_n silver_n must_v be_v pay_v pro_fw-la licentia_fw-la concordandi_fw-la add_v hereunto_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o seal_n in_o all_o the_o king_n court_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o writ_n and_o yet_o the_o king_n in_fw-la charta_fw-la magna_fw-la do_v promise_v nulli_fw-la negabimus_fw-la nulli_fw-la vendemus_fw-la justitiam_fw-la vel_fw-la rectum_fw-la but_o the_o king_n take_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a duty_n be_v no_o breach_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n for_o that_o the_o same_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n long_o before_o the_o charter_n be_v make_v and_o take_v ut_fw-la ministerii_fw-la sui_fw-la stipendia_fw-la as_o the_o schoolman_n speak_v and_o withal_o to_o recompense_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o maintain_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n see_v bodin_n lib._n 6._o de_fw-la repub._n cap._n 2._o 2_o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o like_a profit_n make_v upon_o the_o process_n in_o france_n and_o show_v that_o the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v the_o like_a and_o the_o emperor_n caligula_n caligula_n take_v the_o forty_o penny_n of_o that_o which_o be_v demand_v in_o every_o several_a civil_a action_n if_o then_o such_o profit_n be_v take_v for_o the_o king_n in_o his_o court_n of_o justice_n within_o the_o land_n towards_o the_o charge_n which_o he_o sustain_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o court_n and_o the_o office_n thereof_o which_o duty_n be_v at_o first_o limit_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o without_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o who_o ever_o hear_v of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v be_v there_o not_o as_o good_a reason_n why_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n in_o do_v justice_n and_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o merchant_n who_o residence_n and_o commerce_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v recompense_v out_o of_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v not_o according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o people_n out_o proportionable_a according_a to_o the_o king_n charge_n which_o be_v best_o know_v to_o himself_o it_o be_v most_o meet_a that_o the_o recompense_n shall_v be_v limit_v by_o himself_o touch_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n in_o do_v and_o appoint_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o merchant_n be_v not_o all_o league_n truce_n and_o treaty_n of_o state_n with_o foreign_a prince_n wherein_o the_o public_a trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n be_v ever_o include_v conclude_v and_o make_v at_o the_o king_n charge_n do_v not_o the_o king_n council_n of_o state_n and_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n give_v more_o speedy_a hear_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n than_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o other_o subject_n do_v not_o the_o king_n maintain_v a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o decide_v of_o marine_a cause_n which_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n concern_v merchant_n do_v he_o not_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o several_a leâ—ger_n ambassador_n in_o italy_n in_o spain_n in_o france_n in_o the_o low_a country_n in_o turkey_n who_o principal_a negotiation_n do_v consist_v in_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o our_o merchant_n and_o if_o our_o merchant_n do_v suffer_v wrong_a in_o any_o foreign_a country_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o defective_a neglect_n in_o do_v justice_n there_o do_v not_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n grant_v they_o letter_n of_o mart_n or_o reprisal_n that_o they_o may_v right_v themselves_o which_o be_v a_o species_n justi_fw-la belli_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n call_v it_o and_o if_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o merchant_n be_v multiply_v and_o continue_v with_o a_o high_a hand_n be_v it_o not_o the_o king_n office_n to_o denounce_v and_o prosecute_v war_n against_o such_o a_o people_n as_o do_v refuse_v to_o do_v justice_n unto_o his_o merchant_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n begin_v the_o first_o punic_a war_n say_v appian_n cicero_n cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la lege_fw-la manlia_n affirm_v populum_fw-la romanum_fw-la saepe_fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la injuria_fw-la suis_fw-la tractata_fw-la bella_fw-la gessisse_fw-la brief_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n be_v great_a in_o this_o age_n than_o ever_o be_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n bring_v from_o the_o indies_n into_o europe_n and_o the_o price_n of_o all_o merchandize_n be_v withal_o great_o enhance_v and_o the_o charge_n and_o expense_n of_o prince_n exceed_o increase_v be_v it_o meet_v or_o just_a that_o the_o king_n at_o this_o day_n shall_v be_v stint_v or_o bind_v to_o that_o old_a demimark_n only_o for_o native_a commodity_n or_o the_o three_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n for_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o edw._n 1._o be_v content_a to_o accept_v of_o four_o hundred_o year_n since_o or_o a_o single_a poundage_n only_o which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edw._n 4._o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o necessary_a charge_n of_o keep_v the_o sea_n as_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 12_o edw._n 4._o cap._n 5._o 4.cap.5_n which_o grant_v that_o subsidy_n to_o the_o king_n recite_v all_o the_o king_n charge_n in_o support_v the_o trade_n of_o merchant_n be_v unlimited_a and_o infinite_a and_o shall_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n be_v stint_v and_o restrain_v to_o such_o a_o proportion_n only_o as_o the_o subject_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o grant_v unto_o he_o assure_o if_o the_o king_n have_v not_o a_o prerogative_n of_o his_o own_o absolute_a power_n without_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o increase_v the_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n at_o this_o day_n a_o merchant_n countinghouse_n will_v be_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o the_o subject_n who_o may_v live_v private_o and_o moderate_v his_o expense_n and_o yet_o raise_v the_o fine_n of_o his_o copyhold_n and_o rent_n of_o his_o demean_n without_o controlment_n will_v be_v in_o better_a case_n than_o the_o king_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o majesty_n of_o his_o estate_n can_v abridge_v his_o charge_n and_o yet_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n of_o himself_o without_o leave_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o increase_v his_o revenue_n again_o the_o king_n be_v not_o only_o at_o charge_n in_o do_v of_o justice_n to_o his_o merchant_n at_o home_n and_o in_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o they_o abroad_o but_o the_o do_v withal_o maintain_v a_o royal_a navy_n of_o ship_n the_o best_a the_o fair_a the_o strong_a in_o the_o world_n at_o this_o day_n to_o protect_v all_o merchant_n from_o spoil_n and_o piracy_n on_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o navy_n the_o king_n do_v expend_v more_o treasure_n than_o the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o some_o of_o his_o predecessor_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o he_o do_v not_o only_o secure_a merchant_n by_o sea_n but_o he_o give_v they_o safe_a conduct_n by_o land_n also_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o great_a charter_n so_o as_o they_o may_v well_o give_v our_o king_n that_o title_n which_o virgil_n virgil_n give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bee_n ille_fw-la operum_fw-la custos_fw-la and_o see_v merchant_n be_v most_o likely_o resemble_v to_o those_o industrious_a creature_n because_o they_o bring_v the_o honey_n to_o the_o king_n hive_n to_o wit_n to_o his_o haven_n and_o port_n where_o they_o and_o their_o merchandize_n be_v protect_v and_o reserve_v why_o shall_v they_o not_o imitate_v the_o bee_n in_o observe_v their_o king_n and_o in_o make_v he_o partaker_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o new_a thing_n or_o a_o invention_n of_o this_o age_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchant_n for_o their_o wastage_n and_o protection_n at_o sea_n for_o plinius_n tell_v we_o lib._n 19_o cap_n 4._o lib.19.cap.4_n merces_fw-la praetiosae_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la india_n arabia_n ethiopia_n tuto_fw-la in_fw-la europam_fw-la à _fw-la mercatoribus_fw-la conveherentur_fw-la necessariò_fw-la classem_fw-la parandam_fw-la esse_fw-la adversas_fw-la piraticas_fw-la incursiones_fw-la inde_fw-la maritimi_fw-la exercitus_fw-la habendi_fw-la causa_fw-la vectigal_fw-la rubri_fw-la maris_fw-la institutum_fw-la a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o interest_n the_o king_n have_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o custody_n thereof_o which_o give_v he_o
et_fw-la invectis_fw-la be_v the_o most_o ancient_a duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v the_o same_o ground_v say_v bodin_n upon_o the_o great_a reason_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n quid_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la rationi_fw-la et_fw-la aequitati_fw-la magis_fw-la consentaneum_fw-la quà m_fw-la et_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la in_fw-la nostro_fw-la territorio_fw-la et_fw-la ex_fw-la nostris_fw-la questum_fw-la facit_fw-la principi_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujus_fw-la permissu_fw-la et_fw-la sub_fw-la cujus_fw-la protectione_fw-la negotiatur_fw-la aliquod_fw-la perdat_fw-la et_fw-la presolvat_fw-la and_o this_o common_a reason_n and_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o these_o duty_n payable_a for_o merchandize_n what_o be_v it_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o which_o common_a reason_n have_v establish_v among_o all_o man_n for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o man_n and_o which_o all_o nation_n have_v receive_v and_o embrace_v for_o their_o mutual_a benefit_n and_o commodity_n neither_o be_v this_o the_o only_a prerogative_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n habet_fw-la et_fw-la rex_fw-la in_fw-la regno_fw-la suo_fw-la say_v bracton_n bracton_n alia_fw-la privilegia_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la propria_fw-la viz._n soreceum_fw-la maris_fw-la thesaurum_fw-la insentum_fw-la grossos_fw-la pisces_fw-la and_o balenas_fw-la et_fw-la sturgiones_fw-la wavias_n etc._n etc._n huiusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentiune_n pertinent_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la say_v stampford_n prerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la fol._n 37._o 6._o add_v hereunto_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o king_n to_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n league_n and_o truce_n to_o grant_v safe_a conduct_n to_o pardon_v all_o offender_n to_o distribute_v all_o degree_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o the_o king_n have_v sole_a and_o absolute_a power_n merune_v imperium_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la mixtum_fw-la and_o which_o prerogative_n be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o crown_n and_o incident_a to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 37.6_o last_o for_o the_o proof_n that_o our_o common_a law_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o most_o of_o these_o case_n the_o book_n 19_o edw._n 4._o 6._o 4.6_o do_v approve_v the_o king_n absolute_a power_n in_o make_v war_n peace_n and_o league_n and_o in_o 37_o edw._n 6._o 20._o 6.20_o that_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whereby_o the_o high_a constable_n and_o marshal_n of_o england_n do_v proceed_v in_o their_o court_n of_o war_n and_o chivalry_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n we_o find_v also_o the_o king_n sole_a power_n in_o 11_o hen._n 4._o 4_o rot._n parliament_n in_fw-la archivis_fw-la turris_fw-la london_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n we_o have_v the_o case_n of_o mine_n com._n 316._o 316_o for_o safe_a conduct_n of_o merchant_n and_o stop_v of_o trade_n tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la and_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n we_o have_v 7_o edw._n 4.19.2_o r._n 3.2_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o cap.30_n and_o the_o register_n wherein_o we_o find_v writ_n of_o reprisal_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o how_o it_o differ_v from_o our_o common_a law_n and_o how_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o law_n merchandize_n do_v differ_v from_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n and_o how_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v admit_v and_o allow_v of_o the_o law_n merchant_n mercaturavel_v societas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la respublica_fw-la say_v ulpian_n ulpian_n and_o therefore_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o merchant_n have_v always_o have_v a_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a law_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v it_o this_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n merchant_n whereof_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n do_v take_v special_a knowledge_n first_o both_o the_o common_a law_n and_o statute_n law_n of_o england_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o law_n merchant_n and_o do_v leave_v the_o cause_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_n to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o that_o law_n for_o what_o say_v the_o book_n of_o 13_o edw._n 4.9_o 10_o 4.9,10_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v suit_n before_o the_o king_n privy_a council_n for_o certain_a bail_n of_o silk_n felonious_o take_v from_o he_o and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o this_o matter_n may_v be_v determine_v by_o common_a law_n unto_o which_o motion_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n do_v there_o answer_n this_o suit_n be_v bring_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o sue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o tarry_v the_o trial_n of_o twelve_o man_n nor_o other_o solemnity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n albeit_o the_o king_n have_v jurisdiction_n of_o he_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o stand_v to_o his_o judgement_n yet_o this_o must_v be_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o some_o call_v the_o law_n merchant_n which_o be_v a_o law_n universal_a throughout_o the_o word_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o that_o book_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o if_o the_o merchandize_n of_o such_o a_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v steal_v and_o wave_v by_o the_o felon_n the_o king_n himself_o shall_v not_o take_v those_o merchandize_n as_o waif_n though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o good_n of_o another_o person_n be_v lose_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v not_o this_o case_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o our_o common_a law_n merchandize_n that_o cross_v the_o sea_n be_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n quality_n and_o consideration_n than_o other_o good_n and_o chattel_n which_o be_v possess_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o do_v not_o cross_v the_o sea_n this_o learning_n be_v not_o common_a in_o our_o book_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o meet_v to_o exemplify_v this_o difference_n with_o more_o case_n in_o this_o point_n if_o two_o merchant_n be_v joint-owner_n or_o partner_n in_o merchandize_n which_o they_o have_v acquire_v by_o a_o joint-contract_n in_o this_o case_n the_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o account_n against_o the_o other_o die_fw-la legem_fw-la mercatoriam_fw-la say_v the_o register_n fol._n 135._o and_o f._n n._n 117._o d._n d._n and_o yet_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n if_o two_o man_n be_v joint_o possess_v of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o one_o shall_v not_o call_v the_o other_o to_o account_n for_o the_o same_o again_o if_o two_o merchant_n have_v a_o joint_a interest_n in_o merchandize_n if_o the_o own_o die_v the_o survivor_n shall_v not_o have_v all_o but_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_a shall_v by_o the_o law_n merchant_n call_v the_o survivor_n to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o moiety_n f.n._n 117._o d._n d._n whereas_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_n of_o other_o good_n which_o be_v not_o merchandize_n the_o survivor_n shall_v have_v all_o per_fw-la jus_fw-la accrescendi_fw-la even_o by_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n again_o in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o simple_a contract_n which_o be_v without_o deed_n in_o writing_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o common_a law_n may_v wage_v his_o law_n that_o be_v he_o may_v bar_v the_o plaintiff_n of_o his_o action_n by_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o he_o do_v not_o owe_v the_o debt_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o yet_o in_o itin._n derby_n 2_o edw._n 3._o 3_o john_n crompton_n merchant_n upon_o a_o contract_n without_o deed_n the_o defendant_n will_v have_v wage_v his_o law_n but_o be_v not_o permit_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o the_o say_a defendant_n again_o the_o good_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v discharge_v of_o toll_n by_o the_o common_a law_n si_fw-la non_fw-la exerceat_fw-la marchandizas_n de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la say_v the_o register_n 259._o a._o a._n for_o than_o their_o good_n be_v charge_v be_v now_o become_v good_n of_o another_o nature_n when_o the_o same_o be_v turn_v into_o merchandize_n so_o be_v the_o good_n of_o the_o french_a nobility_n discharge_v by_o gabelle_n and_o imposition_n if_o they_o traffic_v not_o but_o if_o they_o traffic_v say_v bodin_n bodin_n their_o good_n be_v charge_v like_o other_o merchandize_n again_o for_o good_n wrongful_o take_v within_o the_o land_n the_o common_a law_n give_v remedy_n against_o the_o trespasser_n or_o the_o wrongful_a taker_n only_o but_o if_o a_o english_a merchant_n be_v spoil_v of_o his_o merchandize_n upon_o the_o sea_n or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o subject_a of_o another_o king_n the_o register_n do_v give_v he_o a_o writ_n of_o reprisal_n against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o nation_n regist._n 122._o 6._o and_o 46_o hen._n 3._o 3_o we_o find_v a_o more_o brief_a cause_n of_o justice_n for_o there_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o
come_v in_o and_o out_o of_o his_o stream_n and_o port_n with_o their_o ship_n and_o merchandize_n podagium_fw-la in_fw-la mari_fw-la debet_fw-la solvi_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_fw-la terra_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la impositum_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la maris_fw-la say_v baldus_n and_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v another_o doctor_n be_v ius_fw-la navigandi_fw-la jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la jus_fw-la imponendi_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la pro_fw-la utroque_fw-la again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o like_a prerogative_n in_o the_o government_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n belong_v to_o this_o kingdom_n as_o other_o prince_n and_o state_n have_v within_o their_o dominion_n he_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o like_a absolute_a power_n as_o they_o all_o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v otherwise_o he_o can_v possible_o hold_v the_o balance_n of_o trade_n upright_o or_o preserve_v a_o equality_n of_o traffic_n between_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o consequent_o it_o will_v lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n to_o drain_v and_o draw_v away_o all_o our_o wealth_n in_o a_o short_a time_n or_o else_o to_o overthrow_v all_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o we_o and_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o mean_n to_o encounter_v or_o avoid_v the_o mischief_n for_o their_o prince_n have_v sole_a power_n to_o impose_v will_v have_v the_o sole_a make_n and_o manage_n of_o the_o market_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o we_o and_o consequent_o may_v set_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o all_o merchandize_n enforce_v we_o to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n cheap_a and_o buy_v their_o commodity_n dear_a only_o by_o this_o advantage_n of_o lay_v imposition_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v the_o same_o absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v as_o well_o ut_fw-la evitetur_fw-la absurdum_fw-la as_o to_o prevent_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o equal_a balance_n of_o trade_n and_o commerce_n between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o this_o reason_n when_o the_o duke_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n eliz._n as_o be_v before_o express_v have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o one_o ducat_n upon_o a_o 100_o li._n weight_n of_o currant_n carry_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n by_o any_o english_a merchant_n the_o queen_n by_o special_a patent_n in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n do_v enable_v the_o merchant_n which_o do_v trade_n into_o the_o levant_n to_o levy_v five_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n upon_o every_o 100_o livre._n weight_n of_o currant_n bring_v into_o england_n by_o any_o merchant_n stranger_n tempore_fw-la upon_o the_o like_a reason_n when_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n hen._n 8._o 8._o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o french_a king_n have_v raise_v the_o valuation_n of_o their_o money_n both_o so_o high_a as_o there_o grow_v not_o only_o a_o inequality_n of_o trade_n between_o their_o subject_n and_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n but_o our_o money_n stand_v at_o their_o former_a value_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o king_n in_o the_o 24_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n grant_v a_o commission_n unto_o cardinal_n woolsey_n to_o enhance_v the_o value_n of_o english_a money_n likewise_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o set_v balance_n of_o trade_n even_o again_o and_o to_o keep_v our_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o state_n when_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 1614_o that_o now_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o have_v lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o thirty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o on_o all_o merchandize_n import_v and_o export_v by_o stranger_n the_o french_a king_n hen._n 4._o be_v quick_o sensible_a of_o it_o and_o do_v forthwith_o impose_v the_o like_a in_o his_o kingdom_n then_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o other_o nation_n shall_v follow_v and_o imitate_v they_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o commerce_n of_o merchant_n general_o throughout_o christendom_n begin_v to_o decay_v which_o be_v perceive_v by_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n they_o agree_v to_o take_v away_o those_o excessive_a imposition_n upon_o several_a treaty_n between_o they_o and_o the_o italian_n and_o after_o between_o they_o and_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a brief_o we_o find_v example_n in_o all_o age_n that_o whensoever_o by_o reason_n of_o war_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o foreign_a prince_n give_v the_o least_o impediment_n to_o merchant_n in_o their_o trade_n our_o prince_n give_v the_o like_a entertainment_n to_o their_o merchant_n again_o this_o be_v declare_v in_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o 30_o where_o it_o be_v plain_o express_v what_o entertainment_n the_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n shall_v expect_v in_o england_n habeant_fw-la salvum_fw-la et_fw-la securum_fw-la conductum_fw-la say_v the_o charter_n praeterquam_fw-la in_fw-la tempore_fw-la guerrae_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la contra_fw-la nos_fw-la guerrina_fw-la then_o as_o our_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o they_o so_o shall_v their_o merchant_n be_v use_v with_o we_o 46_o edw._n 3._o 3_o the_o countess_n of_o flanders_n have_v arrest_v the_o good_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n there_o the_o king_n in_o recompense_n of_o their_o loss_n grant_v unto_o they_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o england_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a record_n mention_v before_o 1_o edw._n 3._o 3_o pat_o m_o 19_o in_o arch._n turris_n there_o be_v many_o other_o example_n of_o mutual_a embarment_n of_o trade_n between_o the_o fleming_n and_o we_o and_o also_o between_o we_o and_o the_o french_a man_n during_o our_o war_n with_o france_n which_o i_o omit_v i_o will_v recite_v only_o one_o precedent_n in_o the_o 40_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n elizabeth_n at_o which_o time_n the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n have_v by_o sinister_a information_n procure_v the_o emperor_n to_o banish_v our_o english_a merchant_n out_o of_o the_o empire_n the_o queen_n by_o her_o special_a commission_n do_v authorise_v the_o mayor_n and_o sheriff_n of_o london_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o still-yard_n be_v the_o hostell_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o seize_v that_o house_n into_o her_o majesty_n hand_n and_o there_o to_o give_v warning_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n to_o forbear_v traffic_n with_o any_o of_o her_o subject_n in_o england_n and_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n upon_o that_o very_a day_n which_o be_v assign_v to_o our_o merchant_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o empire_n last_o for_o the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o trade_n among_o our_o own_o merchant_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o at_o home_n our_o king_n by_o their_o prerogative_n have_v institute_v divers_a society_n and_o company_n of_o merchant_n as_o the_o company_n of_o merchant_n adventure_n the_o muscovia_n company_n the_o turkey_n company_n the_o east_n india_n company_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v create_v uphold_v and_o rule_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n only_o whereupon_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o balance_v trade_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v may_v just_o execute_v the_o same_o power_n as_o well_o by_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o by_o the_o other_o mean_n which_o be_v before_o express_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o several_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n in_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n and_o the_o several_a answer_n thereunto_o the_o first_o objection_n 1_o touch_v the_o property_n which_o all_o free_a subject_n have_v in_o their_o good_n first_o it_o be_v object_v that_o under_o a_o royal_a monarchy_n where_o the_o prince_n do_v govern_v by_o a_o positive_a law_n the_o subject_n have_v a_o property_n in_o their_o good_n and_o inheritance_n in_o their_o land_n ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la so_o as_o the_o king_n have_v no_o such_o prerogative_n say_v they_o whereby_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o land_n or_o good_n of_o a_o subject_a without_o his_o consent_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o case_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o though_o samuel_n foretell_v the_o people_n when_o they_o desire_v a_o king_n hoc_fw-la erit_fw-la ius_fw-la regis_fw-la tollere_fw-la agros_fw-la vestros_fw-la and_o vineas_fw-la and_o oliveta_fw-la and_o dare_v seruis_fw-la suis_fw-la yet_o ahab_n though_o he_o be_v a_o wicked_a king_n do_v not_o claim_v that_o prerogative_n when_o he_o covet_v naboth_n vineyard_n neither_o do_v he_o enter_v into_o it_o until_o naboth_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v condemn_v and_o stone_v to_o death_n for_o blasphemy_n and_o then_o he_o take_v it_o for_o a_o lawful_a escheat_n but_o when_o the_o king_n do_v