Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	heat_n	zone_n	12	3	12.0634	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19070	The haven of health Chiefly gathered for the comfort of students, and consequently of all those that have a care of their health, amplified upon five words of Hippocrates, written Epid. 6. Labour, cibus, potio, somnus, Venus. Hereunto is added a preservation from the pestilence, with a short censure of the late sicknes at Oxford. By Thomas Coghan Master of Arts, and Batcheler of Physicke.	Cogan, Thomas, 1545?-1607.	1636 (1636)	STC 5484; ESTC S108449	215,466	364

I say of five parts of the earth those two which lye about the Poles within the circle Articus and Antarticus through extremity of cold are inhabitable as of old time hath beene thought howbeit now certaine Ilands are discovered within the circle Articke and found to be inhabited The third and greatest part which lyeth in the middes betweene the two Tropickes by reason of the continuall course of the Sunne over it and the direct casting of the Sunne beames upon it named Torrida Zona as burned or parched with overmuch heat hath likewise beene thought inhabitable yet now found otherwise considering the greatest part of Africk well inhabited and no small portion of Asia with sundry Ilands adjoyning doe lye within this compasse yet by the judgement of Orontius a man very expert in Cosmography right under the Equinoctiall is most temperate and pleasant habitation for so he sayth Torrida inprimis quanquam assidua Solis irradiatione arescere videatur sub ipso tamen aequatore faelicissima a●ris temperatura c●teras omnes antecellit The other two parts onely of which the one lyeth Northward betweene the circle Articke and the Tropicke of Can●er the other Southward betweene the circle Antartick and the Tropicke of Cap●icorne are counted temperate and habitable regions because they are tempered with heate on the South-side and cold on the Northside Howbeit these parts also about the middest of them are most temperate For toward their utmost bounds they are distempered with heate or cold according to the Zones next adjoyned Now in the temperate Zone Northward lyeth our countrey of Brittaine After Appianus England within the eight Clime called Dia Ripheon and Scotland in the ninth called Dia Darvas or after Orontius whose judgement I rather allow England in the ninth Clyme and Scotland in the eleventh for the old division of the earth according to the latitude into seven Climates Orontius utterly rejecteth and thinketh the famous universitie and City of Paris in France to be placed about the end of the eight Clime because the latitude of the earth or elevation of the pole Articke for both are one in effect is there 48 degrees and 40 minutes The same reason doe I make for England because the pole Articke is exalted at London 51 degrees and 46 minutes and at Oxford 51 degrees and 50 minutes that therefore England should bee the ninth Clime because the distance of parallels from the Equator is after Orontius in the ninth Clinie all one with our elevation England then lyeth in the temperate Zone Northward and the ninth Climate having on the South-East side France on the North-East Norwey on the South-West Spaine on the West Ireland on the North Scotland Now concerning the temperature of the ayre in England whether it bee in a meane or doe exceed the meane in heat cold dryth or moysture shall best bee perceived by comparison of other countries Hippocrates in the end of his third booke of Prenotions setteth downe three Countries for example of temperate or untemperate aire in heate or cold that is Libya Delos and Scythia Libya or Affricke as over hot Scythia or Tartaria as over cold and the Iland Delos of Greece as meane temperate betwixt both The like comparison is made of Aristotle in the 7. booke and 7. Chapter of his Politikes Those nations saith he which inhabite cold countries are couragious but they have little wit and cunning Wherefore they live in more libertie and hardly receive good governance of the weale publike neither can they well rule their borderers And such as dwell in Asia excell in wit and art but they want audacitie for which cause they live in subjection to others But the Graecians as they have a Countrey in a meane betweene both so have they both qualities For they are both valiant and witty Whereby it commeth to passe that they live at liberty and have good government and such a state as may rule all other Hereunto I will adde the judgement of Galen that famous Physitian written in the second booke de San. tu and 7. Chapter which may be as an interpretation of Hippocrates and Aristotle The best temperature of body saith hee is as a rule of Polycletus such as in our situation being very temperate you may see many But in France Scythia Egypt or Arabia a man may not so much as dreame of any like And of our Countrey which hath no small latitude that part which lieth in the middest is most temperate as the Countrey of Hippocrates for that there VVinter Summer hath a meane temperature and at the Spring and fall of the leafe much better So that Greece by the judgment of these men is most temperate and France distempered with cold by the opinion of Galen And if France exceed the meane in cold then is not England in a perfect temperature but more declining to cold because it is three degrees and ten minutes farther North comparing Oxford and Paris together in the elevation of the Pole Artick Howbeit Iulius Caesar in the fift book of his commentaries thinketh the ayre to bee more temperate in Britaine in those places where he was than in France and the cold lesser And Polidorus Virgilius in his Chronicle of England seemeth to bee of the same minde The countrey saith he is at all times of the yeare most temperate and no extremitie of weather so that diseases be rare and therefore lesse use of Physick than elsewhere And many men all abroad doe live a hundred and ten years and some a hundred and twenty yet he thinketh the aire for the most part to be cloudy and rainy which also is confirmed by Cornelius Tacitus in the life of Iulius Agricola saying The ayre of Brittain is foule with often stormes and clouds without extremitie of cold But to reconcile these sayings of ancient authors I thinke that England may bee called temperate in heate in respect of Spaine and temperate in cold in respect of Norwey yet to be reckoned cold notwithstanding moist because it declineth from the mids of the temperate Zone Northward And this is the cause why Englishmen doe eate more and digest faster than the inhabitants of hotter countries videlicet the coldnesse of aire enclosing our bodies about And therefore wee provide that our tables may be more plentifully furnished oftentimes than theirs of other nations Which provision though it proceed chiefly of that plenty which our country yeeldeth is yet notwithstanding noted by forraine nations as of Hadrianus Barlandus in a dialogue between the Inholder and the traveller saying in this manner Ego curavero ut Anglice hoc est opulentissime pariter ac lautissime discumbant Thus much touching the situation temperature of Englād Now concerning the order of the booke Hippocrates in the sixt booke of his Epidemies setteth downe this sentence Labor Cibus Potio Somnus Venus omnia mediocri● as a short summe or forme of a mans whole life touching diet By the which words

house riddeth away Fleas and killeth them Beside these foresaid properties which bee all very profitable for Students Rue hath a speciall vertue against poyson in so much that the very smell of Rue keepeth a man from infection as is often proved in time of pestilence for a Nose-gay of Rue is a good preservative but being received into the body it is of much greater force For as Dioscorides writeth Lethalium medicamentorum antidotum est si semen ex vino acetabuli mensura ebibatur folia per se sumpta aut cum nucibus jug●andibus aridisque ficis inefficaces venenorum vires reddunt contra serpentes simili modo sumere convenit Arnoldus affirmeth that the eating of Rue in the morning with figges and sweet Almonds preserveth one from poyson And true is that medicine and approved of king Mithridates that if any doe eate fasting two drie Walnuts as many figs and twenty leaves of Rue with a graine of Salt nothing which is venomous may that day hurt him and it also preserveth against the pestilence CHAP. 22. Of Dill. DIll is hot and dry in the second degree the seeds be chiefly occupied in medicine of the green hearbe Galen writeth that it procureth sleepe wherefore in old time they used to weare Garlands of Dill at their feasts CHAP. 23. Of Sperage SPerage is temperately hot and moyst the seeds hearbe and roots are used in medicine chiefly for the stone and strangury Nam semen aut radix aut herba ipsa in vino albo cocta pota plurimum prodest calculosis Sperage is used also to be eaten as appeareth by Galen where he saith Omnes Asparagi stom●cho utiles sunt urinam cicut parum praebent nutri●enti And as Avicen writeth the eating of them doth amend the sight soften gently the belly purgeth the breast the bowels and the reines and maketh a good savour in all the body but the Vrine then stinketh By mine advice such Student● as be troubled with gravell or stone shall use Sperage Al●sander Gromell and such like hearbs in Sallets at their first budding forth or else make pottage with them CHAP. 24. Of Lonage LOnage is hot and drie in the third degree the seeds and rootes be most used in medicine and bee of like operation to Percely and Fenell Semina sumi possunt totam noctem in vino albo infusa aut etiam decocta sed adhibito pari pondere anisi seniculi nam alioquin vehementer corpus perturbant purgant enim utrinque valide CHAP. 25. Of Grummell GRummell is hot and drie in the second degree not used in meats but in medicine especially the seeds have this operation after Dioscorides Lithospermon quod a seminis duritia nomen accepit hanc vim habet ut semine cum vino albo po●o calculos frangat pellatque urinam An easie and a necessary remedie for many Students CHAP. 26. Of Coriander COriander commonly called Coliander The seed is most in use and is moderately hot and drie which is proved by that it breaketh winde and resolveth impostumes though Dioscorides think it to be of cooling nature It is thought to be very hurtfull and to cause madnesse and therefore reckoned of Dioscorides among poysons which is to bee understood as Matthiolus upon the same place noteth of the immoderate use thereof and especially when it is prepared for it should never bee used neither in meate nor medicine except it have beene first steeped in Vineger by the space of three dayes it is used to bee made in Confits which in my judgement are most wholesome for Students of all other sorts for being eaten after meate they doe not onely strengthen the stomacke but also represse the vapours ascending to the head and therefore good to stay a rhume a common and a continuall adversary to Students and Simeon Sethi affirmeth Semen Coriandri stomacho bonum esse eundem corroborare ●ibumin ventriculo retinere donec probe concoquatur Which last property is verie good to helpe a Rhume because that commonly it proceedeth of indigestion Wherfore I advise al such as be much troubled with Rhumes to use after their meales some Coriander Confits CHAP. 27. Of Charva●le CHarvaile is very profitable unto the stomacke but it may not sustaine very much boyling being eaten with Vineger it provoketh appetite also urine The decoction thereof drunken with wine cleanseth the bladder In Schola Salerni I reade three properties of Charvaile First that if it bee stamped and laid plaisterwise to a Cankar it helpeth it Next that if it be drunken with wine it easeth the belly Thirdly that it ceaseth vomiting and the laske which properties are briefly contained in these verses Appositum caueris tritum cum melle medetur Cum vino potum lateris sedare dolorem Saepe ●olet tritam si nectis desuper herba● Saepe solet vomitum ●entr●mque tenere solutum CHAP. 28. Of Senuie SEnuie which bringeth forth that seed whereof mustard is made After Galen Mustard seeds bee hot and drie in the fourth degree and are much used in medicine especially to purge the head The vertues of them are briefly set forth by Schola Salerni Ect modicum gramen siccum calidumque Sinapi Dat lacrymas purgatque caput tollitque venenum The force of the seed is well perceived by eating of Mustard for if it be good in licking too deepe we are straightway taken by the Nose provoked to neese which plainely declareth that it soone pierceth to the braine Wherefore as it is a good sawce and procureth appetite so is it profitable for the Palsie and for such Students as be heavy headed and drowsie as if they would fall asleepe with meate in their mouthes and if any be given to musick and would fain have a cleare voice to sing let them make Mustard seeds in powder and worke the same with honie into little bals of the which they must swallow one or two downe everie morning fasting and in short time they shall have very cleare breasts And for a Tettar or a Ring-worme a little Mustard laid upon it within few dayes will cure it CHAP. 29. Of Mercury MErcurie is not that hearbe which is called in Latine Mercurialis but as I thinke it is that which of Matthiolus is named Bonus Henricus of hot and drie temperature and is found by experience to loose the belly and to purge choller and fleame insomuch that divers who have beene grieved with the ague by often using of pottage made chiefly of Mercurie Beets and Orages have been delivered by that means in short time And it is a common proverb among the people Be thou sicke or whole put Mercurie in thy coole CHAP. 30. Of Mallowes Mallowes are hot and moyst in the first degree being used in pottage they loose the belly and are good for such as be costive for so saith Schola Salerni

without all danger then may you preserve them after this manner Take a pynt of faire running water halfe a pinte of Rose-water halfe a pound of Sugar seeth all together upon a soft fire of coles till the one halfe be consumed then take it from the fire and when it leaveth boiling put therein your cherries or plummes if they be cherries cut off halfe the stalks and let your fruit bee the like weight as of the Sugar Set it againe on the fire and keepe it in the like heate till they be soft the space of an houre if need be Then put into it some Cloves bruised and when it is cold keepe it in a glasse or gallipot the stronger the syrrup is with sugar the better it will continue Some put to the syrrup Cinamon Sanders Nutmegs Cloves and a little Ginger Seeth them not hastily for feare of much breaking CHAP. 107. Of Quinces QVinces be cold in the first degree and dry in the beginning of the second They are not used to be eaten raw for so they are both unpleasant and unwholesome And in my judgement no better for a students stomacke than raw beefe but beeing rosted stewed or baked and eaten after meales they close and draw the stomacke together and helpe digestion and mollifie the belly if they be abundantly taken for this is Galen his rule Qui stomachum habent imbecillum ventrem iis dejici cum postrem is epulis astringentium quippiam sumpserint Wherefore students having commonly weake stomackes may if they be costive ease themselves by eating after meat something which doth binde and restraine the stomacke as Galen telleth of one Protas a Rhetoritian on whom the like practise was proved But Quinces may be otherwise used very wholesomly as being made in conserva or preserved in syrrup condite or made in Marmalade And because the making of Marmalade is a pretty conceit and may perhaps delight some painefull student that will bee his owne Apothecarie partly to spare cost and partly to be sure that it be rightly made I will here set it downe as plainly as I can Your Quinces beeing full ripe and very yellow as in Lent season or thereabout first pare them and take out the cores then seeth them untill they be tender and soft That done beat them small in a woodden mortar or marble with a pestill of wood then with some of the liquour wherein they were sodden draw them through a strainer as you would doe a tart then set it over the fire to seeth softly and in seething strew in by little little white Sugar made in powder the weight of the Quinces or more as your taste shall tell you stirre it continually and put therto some pure Rose-water or Damask-water let it seeth on height untill it bee wall standing Which thing ye may know by taking some of it upon a knife and letting it coole For if it be stiffe then take it off and box it while it is warm and set it in a warm and drie ayre And if you will not have your Marmalade so binding you may put some ripe Apples of good verdure among your Quinces when you boile them with Sugar The Apples must first be sodden or rosted and then drawne through a course boulter as a tart After the same manner you may make Marmalade of Wardens Peares Apples Medlars Cheries Strawberries yea of Prunes or Damasins or other plummes First to boyle them upon a soft fixe with a little faire water till they be soft then to draw them as yee doe a tart after to boyle them againe with sufficient sugar to dash them with sweet water and box them CHAP. 108. Of Grapes GRapes be divers in taste and so are they in qualitie for soure grapes are cold and moist and sweet grapes are hot and moist The like is to be said of other sorts All grapes if they be eaten newly gathered doe trouble the belly and fill the stomacke with winde But if they be kept two or three dayes after they bee gathered till the huske be somewhat asswaged they nourish the better and are lesse laxative neither doe they inflate so much as saith Arnoldus Ripe Grapes and sweet doe nourish much and make one fat as Galen proveth by experience of those which keepe vineyards who feeding two or three moneths upon grapes and figges onely become very grosse But the flesh so gotten soone weareth away againe because it is not firme and fast but loose and over-moist And Schola Salerni reckoneth grapes that be sweet for one of the twelve things that nourish and make fat And well I wote that who so eateth many of them they will make him fat with an R. you know what I mean Grapes are used to be eaten after meat as other fruits but Arnoldus saith upon the same chapter That if they be eaten upon a full stomacke they both bee corrupted in the stomacke and they corrupt other meat CHAP. 109. Of Raysons OF Grapes dried through the heat of the Sunne are made Raysons which bee therefore named in Latine uvae passae and they be hot in the first degree and moist in the second Among us in England they bee of two sorts that is to say great raysons and small raysons otherwise called Corans The greatest sort are called raysons of the Sunne the other are commonly to be had and be much used in meats and that for good cause for beside their pleasantnesse in taste they doe make the stomacke firme and strong and do provoke appetite and do comfort weak bodies being eaten before meales But some question is made of raisons whether they be binding or loosing which Galen himselfe doth answer where he saith that Raysons without kernels doe open the brest and liver but eaten with the stones they binde Whose opinion Matthiolus confirmeth in these words Vvae passae quae vinaciis carent vel quod ita natura producantur vel quod ii arte fuerint exempti si dulces sint adstringente facultate adeo privantur ut etiam mirifice leniant Quamobrem pectoris angustiae tussi exasperatis faucibus renum vesicaeque vitiis maxime conveniunt Beside this Raysons are Secundum totam substantiam visceri ipsi hoc est iocinori familiares ac propriae And they concoct raw humors and withstand putrifaction as Galen writeth and for this purpose they may well be eaten fasting the stones being first taken out And for cruditie or rawnesse of the stomacke master Eliot by his owne report never found any thing better than fine rubarbe chewed with raysons of Corans yet raysons of Corans by the judgement of Arnoldus do● cause op●ilations of the spleene though they be good for the brest and reins and so saith Schola Sal. Passula non spleni tussi valet bona reni But Rubarbe may be better eaten as I thinke with great raysons CHAP. 110. Of Figges FIgges if they be new are hot and moist