other_o matter_n comprise_v within_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o praemunire_n as_o the_o draw_v matter_n any_o where_o else_o to_o another_o examination_n than_o in_o the_o king_n court_n of_o law_n and_o many_o other_o offence_n make_v to_o be_v under_o the_o like_a punishment_n and_o call_v praemunire_n by_o other_o statute_n which_o we_o need_v not_o here_o mention_v my_o intention_n be_v only_o hereby_o to_o show_v that_o jury_n have_v be_v ancient_o judge_n of_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n even_o in_o time_n of_o popery_n and_o for_o their_o have_v be_v judge_n of_o religion_n also_o we_o may_v see_v after_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o have_v cast_v off_o the_o pope_n usurp_a supremacy_n and_o by_o the_o power_n of_o a_o parliament_n restore_v the_o crown_n and_o law_n of_o england_n in_o church_n matter_n to_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o usage_n but_o have_v not_o then_o cast_v off_o the_o popish_a religion_n he_o with_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o the_o commons_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o thirty_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n even_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v recite_v in_o the_o record_n of_o that_o statute_n and_o in_o rastal_n print_a book_n of_o statute_n at_o large_a 31_o h._n 8._o c._n 14._o enact_v that_o the_o statute_n common_o call_v of_o six_o article_n whereby_o 1._o the_o real_a presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v 2._o that_o the_o communion_n in_o both_o kind_n be_v not_o necessary_a 3._o that_o priest_n ought_v not_o to_o marry_o 4._o that_o vow_n of_o single_a life_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v 5._o that_o private_a mass_n be_v agreeable_a to_o god_n word_n 6._o that_o auricular_a confession_n be_v necessary_a and_o that_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v publish_v declare_v say_v affirm_v argue_v or_o hold_v any_o opinion_n against_o the_o say_a article_n he_o shall_v suffer_v pain_n of_o death_n without_o benefit_n of_o clergy_n and_o forfeit_v all_o his_o estate_n real_a and_o personal_a and_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n their_o chancellor_n commissary_n and_o other_o person_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n concern_v these_o matter_n of_o which_o statute_n the_o learned_a dr._n burnet_n in_o his_o history_n of_o reformation_n folio_n 266._o have_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o comfort_n which_o the_o poor_a reformer_n can_v pick_v out_o of_o the_o whole_a act_n that_o they_o be_v not_o leave_v to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o ecclesiastical_a court_n but_o be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o a_o jury_n where_o they_o may_v expect_v more_o candid_a and_o gentle_a deal_v but_o though_o these_o matter_n be_v thereby_o to_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o jury_n yet_o so_o great_a be_v the_o art_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o those_o who_o be_v then_o most_o zealous_a to_o uphold_v popery_n that_o 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and_o danger_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o be_v therefore_o enact_v that_o presentment_n and_o indictment_n on_o the_o say_a statute_n whereunto_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o answer_v shall_v be_v in_o open_a court_n upon_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o indifferent_a person_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n and_o as_o other_o presentment_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v take_v in_o this_o realm_n in_o such_o 〈◊〉_d cause_n according_a to_o the_o good_a and_o laudable_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o inquiry_n and_o trial_n upon_o the_o say_a presentment_n and_o indictment_n may_v just_o and_o charitable_o proceed_v without_o corruption_n or_o malice_n according_o if_o any_o object_n against_o this_o last_o recite_v act_n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 31._o h._n 8._o of_o the_o six_o article_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v and_o that_o this_o latter_a statute_n of_o 35_o h._n 8._o be_v also_o repeal_v or_o of_o none_o effect_v it_o be_v to_o be_v answer_v that_o though_o the_o first_o be_v repeal_v and_o that_o the_o latter_a statute_n in_o what_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o former_a statute_n in_o that_o respect_n be_v repeal_v or_o of_o no_o use_n yet_o as_o to_o what_o it_o do_v declare_v and_o affirm_v to_o be_v the_o ancient_n and_o long_o use_v course_n of_o law_n that_o jury_n shall_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o laudable_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o agreeable_a to_o good_a conscience_n and_o equity_n and_o charity_n without_o malice_n or_o corruption_n and_o that_o the_o life_n of_o the_o subject_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o danger_n by_o false_a and_o malicious_a accusation_n and_o secret_a or_o corrupt_a practice_n these_o be_v such_o fundamental_a maxim_n and_o rule_n of_o law_n as_o can_v be_v repeal_v and_o no_o judge_n whatsoever_o may_v give_v any_o exposition_n to_o the_o contrary_a any_o more_o than_o they_o can_v do_v against_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o any_o other_o fundamental_a maxim_n or_o rule_n of_o our_o law_n and_o government_n thus_o you_o may_v see_v what_o be_v then_o declare_v by_o the_o great_a authority_n on_o earth_n the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n that_o the_o laudable_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v ever_o be_v for_o grand_a jury_n to_o make_v their_o presentment_n and_o indictment_n according_a to_o good_a conscience_n and_o equity_n and_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o proceed_v therein_o as_o well_o charitable_o as_o just_o since_o therefore_o in_o such_o matter_n as_o belong_v to_o grand_a jury_n to_o inquire_v or_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o they_o have_v as_o large_a power_n as_o a_o lord_n chancellor_n have_v in_o matter_n within_o his_o cognisance_n well_o might_n antiquity_n call_v they_o grand_a juries_n as_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v call_v the_o great_a charer_n from_o its_o great_a and_o weighty_a content_n here_o i_o will_v not_o have_v it_o think_v a_o digression_n to_o add_v that_o have_v seem_v before_o to_o speak_v only_o of_o grand_a jury_n and_o jury_n of_o trial_n in_o criminal_a cause_n that_o the_o like_a rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v concern_v jury_n a_o trial_n of_o action_n between_o party_n and_o party_n that_o the_o judge_n shall_v always_o leave_v the_o matter_n impartial_o and_o fair_o before_o they_o which_o will_v much_o diminish_v the_o number_n of_o trivial_a action_n as_o of_o slander_n for_o word_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o there_o may_v be_v some_o doubt_n whether_o some_o of_o they_o will_v bear_v a_o action_n if_o the_o judge_n will_v be_v please_v at_o the_o trial_n not_o to_o countenance_v either_o party_n where_o a_o great_a man_n sometime_o will_v bring_v action_n against_o a_o mean_a or_o poor_a man_n for_o word_n it_o may_v be_v but_o slight_o prove_v though_o by_o witness_n of_o seem_a gravity_n and_o not_o give_v direction_n thereupon_o to_o give_v excessive_a damage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n i_o shall_v further_o take_v leave_n to_o observe_v that_o both_o jury_n of_o inquiry_n and_o jury_n of_o trial_n with_o their_o power_n and_o privilege_n be_v so_o natural_o the_o right_n of_o englishman_n that_o even_o when_o strong_a endeavour_n be_v use_v to_o say_v they_o aside_o by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o empson_n and_o dudley_n who_o though_o you_o mention_v in_o your_o book_n and_o i_o must_v take_v occasion_n to_o repeat_v with_o some_o observation_n thereon_o have_v procure_v in_o 11_o h._n 7._o to_o proceed_v without_o juries_n yet_o when_o like_o wicked_a gardiner_n for_o gardiner_n may_v be_v a_o simile_n for_o councillor_n and_o minister_n of_o justice_n and_o government_n and_o be_v style_v good_a or_o bad_a as_o they_o behave_v themselves_o the_o aforesaid_a empson_n and_o dudley_n instead_o of_o use_v
exigua_fw-la &_o minima_fw-la contemnimus_fw-la we_o be_v apt_a to_o slight_a thing_n beneath_o we_o as_o small_a and_o contemptible_a or_o inconsiderable_a and_o must_v be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n that_o come_v from_o nigh_o where_o the_o question_n arise_v the_o defendant_n in_o all_o probability_n may_v have_v the_o better_a knowledge_n of_o they_o to_o except_v against_o or_o to_o approve_v of_o they_o and_o such_o may_v also_o the_o more_o likely_a know_v somewhat_o themselves_o of_o the_o party_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o all_o circumstance_n lex_fw-la intendit_fw-la vicinus_fw-la vicini_fw-la facta_fw-la sciat_fw-la co._n l._n 78._o thus_o if_o the_o place_n happen_v disputable_a whence_o the_o jury_n shall_v come_v they_o shall_v come_v from_o whence_o the_o matter_n be_v like_o best_a to_o be_v know_v 21_o e._n 4._o 8._o beside_o in_o this_o way_n of_o or_o by_o jury_n where_o life_n or_o member_n be_v concern_v or_o in_o any_o danger_n and_o in_o all_o other_o criminal_a cause_n be_v require_v two_o trial_n of_o the_o party_n before_o he_o can_v be_v say_v guilty_a or_o any_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v against_o he_o and_o the_o party_n must_v also_o be_v find_v to_o be_v guilty_a on_o both_o these_o trial_n else_o all_o be_v nothing_o the_o grand_a jury_n must_v first_o examine_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o petty-jury_n after_o examine_v all_o again_o to_o prevent_v and_o secure_v against_o all_o surprise_v of_o the_o party_n and_o mistake_v or_o error_n in_o the_o jury_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o very_o ancient_o the_o number_n on_o a_o jury_n be_v indefinite_a but_o it_o be_v all_o the_o person_n present_a come_v as_o will_v come_v brit._n n._n bacon_n etc._n etc._n like_o as_o of_o old_a it_o be_v here_o of_o those_o we_o now_o call_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o council_n brit._n 350._o ingulph_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o trial_n at_o rome_n where_o vox_fw-la populi_n be_v the_o verdict_n except_o in_o case_n of_o a_o senator_n which_o indeed_o be_v try_v by_o his_o peer_n other_o senator_n hence_o probable_o it_o be_v that_o all_o court_n be_v at_o first_o to_o be_v open_a and_o so_o accessible_a likewise_o deut._n 19_o and_o some_o other_o text_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n seem_v as_o if_o the_o trial_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v so_o but_o in_o analogy_n of_o late_a it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o like_a as_o the_o prophet_n be_v twelve_o to_o foretell_v the_o truth_n the_o apostle_n twelve_o to_o preach_v the_o truth_n the_o discoverer_n twelve_o send_v into_o canaan_n to_o seek_v and_o report_v the_o truth_n and_o the_o stone_n twelve_o that_o the_o heavenly_a jerusalem_n be_v build_v on_o and_o as_o the_o judge_n be_v twelve_o ancient_o to_o try_v and_o determine_v matter_n of_o law_n and_o always_o when_o there_o be_v any_o wage_a law_n there_o must_v be_v twelve_o to_o swear_v in_o it_o and_o also_o as_o for_o matter_n of_o state_n there_o be_v former_o 12_o councillor_n of_o state_n and_o any_o thing_n now_o which_o any_o jury_n can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v must_v have_v the_o joint_a consent_n of_o twelve_o west_n 2._o c._n 13._o else_o it_o be_v in_o construction_n of_o law_n not_o the_o do_v of_o the_o jury_n but_o of_o private_a person_n and_o void_a mir._n 42._o 200._o 41._o ass._n 11._o 6_o h._n 4._o 2._o 21_o e._n 3._o 31._o 29_o e._n 3._o 43._o finch_n 58._o the_o grand_a jury_n consist_v of_o more_o person_n common_o than_o twelve_o but_o as_o aforesaid_a twelve_o agree_v it_o be_v enough_o and_o so_o many_o of_o they_o must_v so_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o juries_n 24_o man_n in_o all_o first_o and_o last_o find_v one_o guilty_a etc._n etc._n before_o the_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v or_o one_o can_v be_v punish_v for_o the_o fault_n one_o be_v accuse_o of_o and_o beside_o every_o man_n of_o the_o latter_a jury_n even_o all_o the_o whole_a twelve_o must_v all_o and_o every_o of_o they_o agree_v and_o be_v of_o that_o one_o and_o only_a mind_n much_o to_o suspect_v unless_o one_o be_v certain_o and_o plain_o guilty_a it_o be_v more_o for_o all_o twelve_o than_o for_o twenty_o nine_o out_o of_o thirty_o to_o agree_v any_o of_o the_o grand_a jury_n give_v in_o a_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n without_o eleven_o more_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n and_o agree_v with_o he_o aught_o to_o be_v imprison_v 40._o ass._n 10._o which_o also_o for_o any_o one_o of_o the_o petty-jury_n to_o do_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o to_o be_v worse_o a_o judge_n be_v hang_v for_o give_v judgement_n on_o the_o verdict_n of_o eleven_o juryman_n mir._n 296._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o judge_n be_v not_o so_o many_o at_o a_o trial_n scarce_o ever_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o agree_v it_o be_v enough_o their_o trial_n will_v be_v but_o one_o or_o once_o only_o they_o be_v never_o swear_v at_o the_o trial_n nor_o ever_o at_o all_o but_o only_o once_o and_o that_o exceed_v general_o they_o can_v any_o of_o they_o be_v except_v against_o or_o challenge_v though_o ancient_o may_v lamb._n mir._n bract._n flota_n be_v they_o never_o so_o great_a stranger_n profess_a enemy_n and_o otherwise_o ill_o qualify_v and_o though_o the_o king_n be_v party_n yet_o choose_v they_o himself_o against_o one_o beside_o if_o judge_n have_v power_n of_o both_o determine_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o also_o the_o matter_n of_o law_n as_o must_v if_o be_v no_o jury_n their_o latitude_n of_o err_v etc._n etc._n must_v then_o be_v the_o great_a and_o their_o do_v wrong_a or_o mischief_n may_v be_v the_o more_o in_o as_o much_o as_o may_v wrong_v one_o then_o in_o both_o the_o fact_n and_o law_n and_o their_o encouragement_n so_o to_o do_v will_v be_v improve_v since_o than_o it_o must_v be_v hard_a to_o detect_v they_o as_o whether_o err_v in_o the_o fact_n or_o in_o the_o law_n or_o partly_o in_o both_o like_a as_o it_o be_v easy_o seek_v a_o bush_n than_o a_o wood_n and_o as_o it_o be_v say_v occasio_fw-la facit_fw-la furem_fw-la opportunity_n make_v many_o a_o whore_n but_o be_v judge_n presume_v saint_n and_o never_o so_o upright_o etc._n etc._n yet_o who_o can_v imagine_v but_o at_o a_o trial_n when_o witness_n be_v all_o examine_v and_o evidence_n all_o give_v the_o jury_n be_v so_o many_o person_n and_o probable_o know_v something_o of_o the_o matter_n before_o they_o may_v all_o assist_v one_o another_o better_o observe_v remember_v and_o judge_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n than_o any_o one_o or_o two_o etc._n etc._n other_o though_o call_v judge_n certain_o one_o may_v do_v more_o with_o help_n than_o without_o so_o the_o proverb_n be_v ne_o hercules_n quidem_fw-la contra_fw-la dvos_fw-la oculi_fw-la plus_fw-la oculo_fw-la vident_fw-la two_o to_o one_o be_v odds_o at_o football_n and_o non_fw-la omnes_fw-la sed_fw-la pauci_fw-la decipi_fw-la aut_fw-la decipere_fw-la possunt_fw-la the_o few_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o deceive_v or_o be_v deceive_v quandoque_fw-la bone_fw-la dormit_fw-la at_o homerus_fw-la nemo_fw-la sine_fw-la crimine_fw-la vivit_fw-la humanum_fw-la est_fw-la errare_fw-la it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o err_v none_o be_v without_o fault_n and_o the_o sure_a foot_n may_v slip_v visc._n st._n alban_n aph._n 8._o say_v that_o be_v the_o best_a law_n which_o leave_v the_o least_o to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o bract._n 119._o say_v judges_z represent_v the_o king_n person_n they_o be_v his_o officer_n and_o act_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o hence_o conclude_v they_o ought_v not_o at_o all_o be_v concern_v in_o cause_n of_o life_n or_o member_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o king_n party_n for_o say_v he_o the_o king_n be_v thus_o judge_v as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o cause_n thus_o appear_v what_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o judge_n and_o jury_n and_o something_o of_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o parliament_n have_v all_o along_o be_v so_o zealous_a for_o trial_n by_o juries_n as_o no_o few_o than_o 58_o several_a time_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n have_v establish_v and_o confirm_v the_o trial_n by_o juries_n no_o one_o privilege_n else_o nigh_o so_o often_o remember_v in_o parliament_n now_o for_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o juries_n and_o how_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n have_v entrust_v and_o enable_v they_o in_o this_o trial_n the_o law_n say_v in_o trial_n whether_o any_o complaint_n as_o make_v or_o any_o matter_n as_o allege_v be_v true_a or_o not_o the_o judge_n ought_v not_o nor_o can_v say_v nor_o have_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o to_o do_v therewith_o but_o the_o jury_n only_o ad_fw-la questionem_fw-la facti_fw-la non_fw-la respondent_fw-la judices_fw-la all_o the_o whole_a or_o most_o they_o can_v do_v or_o at_o least_o ought_v be_v only_o after_o and_o upon_o what_o the_o jury_n
private_a judgement_n such_o a_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n though_o never_o so_o true_a and_o good_a in_o itself_o yet_o make_v the_o party_n or_o party_n as_o aforesaid_a not_o satisfy_v certain_o forswear_v at_o least_o in_o foro_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la as_o to_o their_o conscience_n for_o perjury_n be_v not_o only_o a_o lie_n confirm_v by_o oath_n but_o likewise_o either_o when_o any_o one_o be_v deceive_v and_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v not_o rash_o or_o unadvised_o swear_v it_o to_o be_v true_a or_o either_o when_o any_o one_o think_v a_o thing_n not_o true_a swear_v it_o be_v true_a though_o indeed_o it_o be_v true_a flet._n 334._o bract._n 288_o 289_o 292._o and_o all_o the_o casuist_n so_o be_v see_v in_o palmer_n report_n one_o be_v indict_v and_o punish_v for_o swear_v a_o thing_n so_o and_o so_o because_o he_o do_v not_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a as_o he_o swear_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a one_o may_v see_v a_o judge_n ought_v not_o to_o meddle_v at_o all_o with_o the_o jury_n if_o he_o differ_v not_o with_o they_o it_o be_v needless_a and_o troublesome_a if_o he_o differ_v they_o be_v not_o to_o mind_v he_o take_v it_o which_o way_n one_o will_n but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v urge_v that_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v only_o as_o to_o try_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o however_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o law_n the_o jury_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v advise_v and_o govern_v by_o the_o judge_n though_o not_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n no_o no_o further_o than_o a_o mannerly_a deference_n that_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o judge_n as_o more_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n for_o if_o the_o judge_n say_v or_o any_o witness_n swear_v the_o law_n to_o be_v so_o and_o so_o no_o jury_n be_v by_o law_n bind_v or_o any_o wise_a oblige_v beyond_o their_o own_o reason_n etc._n etc._n at_o least_o to_o believe_v they_o in_o it_o 9_o h._n 6._o 38._o finch_n 58._o if_o a_o attaint_n be_v bring_v against_o a_o jury_n it_o be_v no_o excuse_n that_o the_o verdict_n be_v according_a to_o the_o judge_n direction_n cro._n el._n 309._o 18._o now_o say_v a_o timorous_a ignorant_a juror_n oh_o but_o whether_o the_o law_n be_v thus_o or_o not_o the_o judge_n will_v punish_v the_o jury_n if_o comply_v not_o with_o they_o this_o sure_a will_v be_v pretty_a a_o jury_n perhaps_o forswear_v and_o liable_a to_o a_o attaint_n if_o do_v comply_v and_o yet_o punishable_a if_o do_v not_o no_o no_o the_o law_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o improve_v and_o refine_a reason_n be_v never_o so_o unreasonable_a to_o suffer_v this_o a._n levy_v a_o fine_a of_o land_n to_o b._n and_o b._n pay_v a_o the_o purchase-money_n but_o after_o a._n say_v he_o be_v then_o at_o levy_v the_o fine_a under_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n old_a and_o therefore_o the_o fine_a be_v void_a the_o law_n say_v here_o the_o judge_n shall_v determine_v by_o look_v on_o the_o party_n whether_o he_o be_v of_o full_a age_n or_o not_o and_o the_o jury_n shall_v not_o the_o true_a reason_n be_v that_o if_o the_o party_n seem_v of_o full_a age_n though_o he_o be_v not_o he_o shall_v not_o avoid_v the_o fine_a to_o prevent_v cheat_v etc._n etc._n whereas_o if_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o try_v it_o they_o must_v not_o go_v according_a to_o the_o seem_a but_o real_a true_a age_n and_o so_o if_o he_o want_v but_o a_o day_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n he_o must_v thus_o be_v adjudge_v under_o age_n as_o much_o as_o if_o he_o want_v twenty_o year_n and_o b._n shall_v be_v cheat_v this_o fine_a be_v after_o reverse_v by_o king_n bench_n because_o a._n do_v appear_v and_o be_v also_o prove_v by_o four_o witness_n to_o be_v under_o age_n but_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o fine_a come_n after_o to_o be_v dispute_v in_o common_a plea_n on_o a_o trial_n by_o jury_n though_o the_o court_n here_o tell_v the_o jury_n that_o notwithstanding_o some_o witness_n prove_v to_o you_o a._n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o levy_v the_o fine_a yet_o you_o ought_v not_o to_o heed_v they_o for_o the_o judge_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a power_n of_o determine_v whether_o of_o full_a age_n or_o not_o and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n have_v already_o determine_v it_o nevertheless_o the_o jury_n be_v somewhat_o extraordinary_a and_o not_o so_o very_o leadable_a man_n give_v their_o verdict_n contrary_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n and_o as_o if_o a._n be_v then_o of_o full_a age_n and_o a_o attaint_n be_v after_o bring_v against_o the_o jury_n the_o jury_n be_v acquit_v and_o commend_v dy._n 201._o &_o 301._o and_o the_o jury_n be_v the_o more_o justifiable_a in_o it_o since_o the_o judge_n first_o alter_v the_o law_n in_o try_v by_o witness_n and_o not_o only_o by_o inspection_n as_o jury_n also_o do_v which_o in_o trial_n by_o witness_n be_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o more_o competent_a etc._n etc._n of_o this_o nature_n be_v a_o memorable_a case_n of_o bushel_n report_v by_o lord_n chief_a justice_n vaughan_n where_o meade_n and_o pen_n two_o quaker_n be_v indict_v at_o the_o old_a bailie_n for_o their_o meeting_n and_o the_o jury_n whereof_o bushel_n be_v the_o foreman_n will_v not_o find_v they_o guilty_a the_o court_n mighty_a angry_a fine_v and_o commit_v the_o jury_n allege_v for_o cause_n that_o they_o the_o juror_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n against_o full_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n and_o against_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n to_o they_o in_o court_n open_o give_v and_o declare_v have_v acquit_v the_o say_a mead_n and_o pen_n but_o upon_o long_a and_o serious_a debate_n it_o be_v after_o adjudge_v the_o commitment_n fine_v etc._n etc._n be_v unlawful_a and_o according_o the_o jury_n be_v discharge_v etc._n etc._n another_o time_n also_o a_o juryman_n dissent_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o that_o no_o less_o than_o two_o day_n the_o judge_n ask_v he_o what_o he_o will_v do_v say_v he_o rather_o starve_v and_o die_v in_o prison_n than_o consent_n the_o court_n fine_v and_o commit_v he_o but_o on_o better_a consideration_n discharge_v he_o without_o more_o ado_n all_o the_o court_n can_v do_v be_v only_o to_o carry_v they_o in_o cart_n if_o in_o the_o circuit_n along_o with_o they_o and_z keep_v they_o without_o meat_n drink_v etc._n etc._n till_o will_v agree_v 41_o ass._n 11._o ses_fw-fr mir._n juror_n aught_o not_o to_o be_v threaten_v but_o to_o be_v free_a differ_v in_o opinion_n etc._n etc._n 273._o and_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o parliament_n anno_fw-la 1677._o that_o the_o precedent_n and_o practice_n of_o fine_v etc._n etc._n jury_n in_o or_o for_o give_v their_o verdict_n be_v illegal_a and_o keeling_n chief_a justice_n of_o b._n r._n be_v call_v to_o question_v in_o parliament_n for_o such_o practice_n coke_n upon_o lit._n f._n 369._o say_v if_o any_o labour_n a_o jury_n instruct_v they_o or_o put_v they_o in_o fear_n or_o the_o like_a it_o be_v punishable_a as_o maintenance_n or_o embracery_n either_o at_o king_n suit_n or_o at_o party_n and_o perhaps_o it_o will_v puzzle_v one_o to_o show_v why_o a_o judge_n be_v not_o within_o this_o law_n for_o how_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o do_v this_o as_o a_o judge_n when_o to_o do_v so_o be_v no_o part_n of_o his_o office_n and_o why_o shall_v any_o usage_n alter_v the_o case_n here_o any_o more_o than_o in_o other_o case_n of_o break_v the_o law_n it_o be_v much_o too_o any_o judge_n shall_v offer_v such_o a_o thing_n consider_v he_o that_o judge_n without_o a_o jury_n certain_o judge_n without_o authority_n and_o he_o that_o judge_n with_o a_o jury_n but_o govern_v or_o lead_v by_o he_o judges_z only_o by_o colour_n of_o a_o jury_n and_o by_o colour_n of_o authority_n and_o thus_o make_v himself_o forswear_v in_o and_o by_o the_o oath_n take_v at_o his_o be_v create_v judge_n make_v the_o jury_n all_o forswear_a violate_v the_o great_a privilege_n of_o the_o subject_a infringe_n the_o most_o often_o confirm_v law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o also_o do_v particular_o the_o party_n offend_v the_o great_a wrong_n imaginable_a in_o as_o much_o as_o by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o make_v all_o the_o jury_n accessary_n to_o the_o whole_a hence_o it_o be_v improbable_a any_o judge_n shall_v offer_v the_o contrary_a but_o however_o a_o jury_n in_o any_o indictment_n presentment_n or_o information_n aught_o and_o may_v give_v their_o verdict_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o their_o own_o conscience_n without_o any_o fear_n of_o punishment_n one_o way_n or_o other_o and_o in_o any_o other_o case_n as_o where_o the_o king_n be_v no_o party_n but_o a_o attaint_n happen_v to_o lie_v they_o may_v be_v punish_v no_o other_o way_n
21._o our_o saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n pluck_v off_o and_o eat_v the_o ear_n of_o another_o corn_n mat._n 12._o and_o he_o because_o he_o have_v need_n of_o a_o ass_n take_v that_o be_v none_o of_o he_o but_o another_o and_o have_v lazarus_n ready_a to_o perish_v take_a dives_n crumb_n against_o his_o will_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o seem_v he_o have_v no_o more_o sin_v than_o he_o mis-behaves_a himself_o that_o do_v what_o the_o lord_n bid_v and_o the_o steward_n forbid_v under_o the_o rule_v aforesaid_a a_o jury_n therefore_o not_o observe_v the_o rule_v aforesaid_a give_v a_o verdict_n not_o only_o against_o the_o present_a and_o immediate_a defendant_n but_o also_o in_o he_o even_o against_o david_n christ_n etc._n etc._n represent_v thus_o in_o his_o case_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n that_o of_o the_o admiralty_n particular_o if_o a_o distress_a ship_n take_v water_n by_o force_n of_o another_o where_o be_v plenty_n it_o be_v no_o theft_n because_o of_o the_o necessity_n so_o adjudge_v several_a time_n if_o a_o indictment_n mention_v one_o seditious_o and_o design_v to_o disturb_v the_o government_n and_o to_o withdraw_v from_o the_o king_n the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o say_v of_o he_o such_o and_o such_o word_n here_o the_o word_n may_v perhaps_o be_v speak_v within_o the_o privilege_n of_o discourse_n in_o parliament_n or_o in_o a_o jocular_a way_n or_o ironical_o when_o one_o mean_v the_o contrary_a or_o by_o way_n of_o supposition_n in_o argument_n or_o when_o one_o mean_v a_o contrary_a thing_n or_o no_o harm_n at_o all_o and_o this_o perhaps_o too_o explain_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o other_o word_n according_o or_o the_o word_n in_o the_o indictment_n be_v but_o part_n of_o the_o sentence_n etc._n etc._n or_o transpose_v or_o some_o how_o else_o alter_v so_o if_o a_o complaint_n be_v that_o one_o false_o and_o malicious_o and_o withal_o design_v to_o break_v his_o credit_n and_o ruin_v his_o trade_n call_v such_o a_o one_o a_o bankrupt_a here_o perhaps_o he_o be_v a_o bankrupt_a then_o or_o no_o tradesman_n at_o all_o therefore_o in_o these_o and_o such_o case_n the_o circumstance_n allege_v be_v not_o employ_v necessary_o though_o the_o fact_n or_o word_n be_v speak_v they_o must_v be_v prove_v but_o to_o instance_n some_o case_n adjudge_v by_o the_o judge_n themselves_o if_o a._n bring_v a_o appeal_n against_o b._n and_o b._n be_v after_o acquit_v now_o shall_v b._n indict_v a._n for_o malicious_o etc._n etc._n bring_v the_o appeal_n the_o indictment_n ought_v not_o be_v find_v if_o b._n be_v indict_v before_o of_o the_o same_o fault_n he_o be_v after_o appeal_v against_o for_o because_o his_o be_v before_o indict_v prove_v there_o be_v at_o least_o colourable_a reason_n why_o the_o appeal_n be_v bring_v and_o not_o malice_n only_o coron_n 178._o 40_o e._n 3._o 42._o a_o chururgion_n be_v indict_v for_o that_o he_o by_o negligence_n in_o cure_v one_o hand_n maim_v it_o the_o negligence_n must_v be_v prove_v 48_o e._n 3._o 6._o 11_o h._n 6._o 18._o so_o in_o action_n for_o word_n which_o hold_v the_o same_o law_n as_o in_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n a._n sue_v b._n for_o false_o and_o malicious_o call_v he_o be_v a_o heir_n a_o bastard_n action_n will_v not_o lie_v if_o b._n pretend_v himself_o heir_n for_o than_o it_o be_v not_o malicious_o but_o only_o as_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o get_v or_o claim_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a thus_o to_o slander_v another_o justify_v one_o be_v own_o title_n co._n 4._o 10._o so_o molton_n sue_v clapham_n for_o that_o a_o suit_n depend_v between_o they_o upon_o read_v certain_a affidavit_n in_o court_n clapham_n open_o then_o and_o there_o false_o and_o malicious_o say_v there_o be_v not_o a_o word_n true_a in_o the_o affidavit_n and_o that_o he_o will_v prove_v it_o by_o 40_o witness_n here_o the_o word_n though_o be_v agree_v false_a yet_o be_v not_o speak_v malicious_o but_o out_o of_o other_o design_n as_o in_o his_o defence_n etc._n etc._n as_o aforesaid_a action_n do_v not_o lie_v b._n r._n 14_o c._n 1._o rot._n 459._o so_o a_o councillor_n call_v one_o a_o thief_n at_o a_o trial_n the_o like_a for_o it_o be_v not_o malicious_a etc._n etc._n if_o material_a for_o the_o cause_n he_o manage_n montagues_n c._n so_o where_o a._n say_v to_o his_o friend_n b._n that_o c._n have_v the_o french_a pox_n therefore_o advise_v he_o not_o to_o keep_v he_o company_n for_o speak_v as_o advice_n to_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o malicious_o james_n and_o rudley_n c._n 40_o 41_o el._n in_o b._n and_o thus_o be_v further_o see_v the_o cause_n or_o occasion_n of_o speak_v word_n or_o do_v any_o thing_n must_v be_v consider_v as_o well_o as_o the_o word_n or_o fact_n and_o say_v coke_n this_o be_v a_o general_n rule_n co._n 4._o 14._o also_o it_o be_v another_o rule_n all_o offence_n in_o fact_n or_o word_n aught_o in_o construction_n to_o be_v make_v the_o least_o of_o possible_a verba_fw-la accipienda_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o mitiori_fw-la sensu_fw-la word_n shall_v be_v take_v speak_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v most_o innocent_a etc._n etc._n see_v of_o this_o several_a example_n co._n 4._o 17._o hob._n 473._o c._n 4._o 19_o co._n 4._o 13._o for_o the_o law_n will_v presume_v innocency_n further_o than_o downright_o prove_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o contrary_n and_o if_o juries_n shall_v not_o be_v cautious_a as_o aforesaid_a one_o may_v be_v indict_v etc._n etc._n for_o say_v the_o king_n be_v a_o fit_a man_n to_o govern_v or_o for_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n suppose_v a._n be_v indict_v for_o malicious_o and_o with_o a_o design_n to_o withdraw_v the_o king_n subject_n from_o their_o due_a allegiance_n etc._n etc._n say_v the_o king_n be_v a_o fit_a man_n to_o govern_v and_o a._n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o it_o because_o he_o say_v these_o word_n a._n will_v be_v in_o a_o sad_a case_n the_o judge_n must_v give_v judgement_n as_o if_o the_o word_n be_v speak_v ironical_o or_o in_o a_o contrary_a sense_n than_o they_o be_v for_o so_o the_o circumstance_n allege_v import_v though_o be_v find_v of_o course_n if_o a_o jury_n find_v a_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n with_o the_o word_n felonicè_fw-la in_o it_o they_o find_v one_o guilty_a of_o felony_n be_v the_o fact_n what_o it_o will_v and_o so_o as_o a_o felon_n the_o defendant_n must_v suffer_v so_o also_o if_o the_o word_n proditoriè_fw-fr for_o high_a treason_n and_o why_o may_v not_o they_o as_o justifiable_o find_v these_o word_n of_o course_n as_o other_o not_o necessary_o employ_v where_o a_o indictment_n etc._n etc._n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o statute_n than_o every_o little_a word_n must_v be_v prove_v that_o be_v also_o in_o the_o statute_n though_o seem_v employ_v or_o little_o more_o than_o immaterial_a this_o all_o agree_v for_o want_v of_o these_o and_o such_o like_a observation_n one_o tho._n burdett_n esq_n be_v condemn_v hang_v and_o behead_v at_o tyburn_n in_o edward_n the_o four_o time_n when_o the_o matter_n prove_v be_v only_o that_o he_o be_v absent_a the_o king_n hunt_v in_o his_o park_n and_o kill_v a_o white_a buck_n which_o mr._n burdett_n fancy_v above_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o deer_n and_o that_o mr._n burdett_n hear_v of_o this_o wish_v the_o buck_n horn_n in_o his_o belly_n that_o advise_v the_o king_n so_o to_o do_v speed'_v hist._n 700._o much_o like_o be_v it_o also_o with_o one_o walter_n walker_n who_o be_v behead_v in_o smithfield_n anno_fw-la 1476._o when_o all_o prove_v against_o he_o be_v only_o that_o he_o live_v at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o cheapside_n london_n say_v to_o his_o child_n to_o pacify_v he_o when_o he_o cry_v peace_n peace_n child_n thou_o shall_v be_v heir_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o who_o can_v open_v some_o juryman_n eye_n to_o see_v how_o like_o a_o ox_n lead_v to_o the_o slaughter_n they_o be_v impose_v upon_o and_o cheat_v to_o cheat_v other_o of_o their_o life_n fortune_n and_o all_o that_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o though_o by_o their_o example_n too_o of_o act_v thus_o they_o make_v precedent_n and_o give_v countenance_n to_o after_o jury_n to_o be_v like_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o expose_v and_o render_v themselves_o they_o know_v not_o how_o soon_o in_o the_o same_o predicament_n and_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o the_o criminal_a be_v they_o punish_v or_o by_o the_o evidence_n give_v you_o evidence_n be_v only_o such_o a_o testimony_n that_o make_v somewhat_o relate_v to_o the_o issue_n or_o matter_n in_o question_n clear_a manifest_a and_o plain_a to_o the_o jury_n hence_o say_v coke_n lit._n 283._o probationes_fw-la debent_fw-la esse_fw-la evidentes_fw-la &_o perspicuae_fw-la and_o thus_o be_v it_o all_o the_o witness_n or_o testimony_n in_o the_o world_n of_o