it_o the_o object_a than_o slide_v over_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v as_o compare_v with_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o and_o other_o judgement_n experimental_o know_v and_o compare_v it_o with_o other_o proposition_n subsequent_a to_o i_o think_v wherefore_o he_o first_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o they_o be_v and_o prefer_v it_o before_o all_o other_o without_o compare_v it_o with_o those_o other_o which_o be_v to_o suppose_v it_o so_o gratis_o and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a he_o ground_n all_o knowledge_n whatever_o upon_o it_o 13._o it_o be_v yet_o a_o worse_a error_n that_o whereas_o ens_fw-la or_o be_v be_v the_o basis_n of_o all_o other_o notion_n so_o that_o if_o no_o thing_n be_v they_o can_v be_v the_o alledger_n by_o argue_v thus_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la do_v by_o a_o strange_a hysteron_fw-gr proteron_fw-gr put_v a_o operation_n to_o be_v antecedent_n to_o be_v itself_o and_o that_o to_o be_v think_v be_v a_o more_o simple_a clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n than_o to_o be_v and_o then_o from_o a_o operation_n find_v out_o or_o suppose_v he_o conclude_v the_o very_a notion_n of_o be_v itself_o to_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o odd_a he_o suppose_v the_o notion_n of_o knowledge_n of_o himself_o import_v by_o the_o word_n ego_fw-la and_o suppose_v that_o ens_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la to_o be_v as_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la sum_n nay_o more_o he_o suppose_v that_o ens_fw-la or_o himself_z not_o only_o to_o be_v â—ut_v moreover_o to_o be_v such_o viz._n operate_n or_o think_v which_o most_o evident_o speak_v or_o imply_v existence_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v all_o this_o he_o infer_v thence_o contrary_a to_o our_o 3d._n &_o four_o sect._n the_o simple_a be_v of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v not_o only_o put_v to_o be_v and_o be_v know_v but_o which_o he_o have_v over_o and_o above_o put_v to_o be_v or_o be_v know_v to_o be_v such_o that_o be_v to_o be_v operate_n or_o think_v 14._o hence_o this_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n be_v unnatural_a preposterous_a and_o self-contradictory_a it_o be_v unnatural_a first_o because_o the_o way_n nature_n take_v to_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o be_v not_o by_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n to_o find_v out_o what_o be_v most_o certain_a but_o she_o at_o first_o instil_v knowledge_n into_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a way_n of_o imprint_v notion_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o our_o conpare_v they_o and_o thence_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v 2_o lie_n because_o it_o strain_v nature_n to_o fancy_v ourselves_o ignorant_a of_o many_o clear_a truth_n which_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n force_v we_o to_o assent_v to_o as_o evident_a and_o 3_o lie_v because_o i_o be_o be_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o i_o be_o think_v it_o be_v preposterous_a because_o it_o argue_v from_o compound_v judgement_n which_o be_v less_o know_v to_o inâ—er_v what_o be_v more_o simple_a and_o so_o more_o know_v and_o last_o it_o be_v self_n contradictory_n because_o it_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v or_o to_o be_v know_v which_o as_o yet_o according_a to_o that_o doctrine_n be_v not_o or_o be_v not_o know_v but_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o be_v make_v know_v as_o be_v show_v section_n 13_o 15._o hypothetical_n philosophy_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o supposition_n and_o beg_v that_o such_o and_o such_o thing_n may_v be_v yield_v and_o then_o it_o will_v explicate_v alâ—_n nature_n be_v build_v on_o mere_a fancy_n and_o be_v unworthy_a the_o name_n of_o philosophy_n for_o since_o it_o belong_v to_o a_o philosopher_n to_o resolve_v all_o truth_n into_o their_o principle_n and_o all_o natural_a effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o final_o if_o need_v be_v into_o their_o first_o principle_n or_o first_o cause_n and_o a_o hypothetical_n philosopher_n can_v never_o perform_v this_o duty_n which_o be_v most_o essential_a to_o a_o philosopher_n in_o regard_n the_o first_o ground_n he_o lay_v be_v bare_o beg_v or_o suppose_v that_o be_v neither_o self-evident_a nor_o make_v evident_a by_o way_n of_o proof_n hence_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n be_v utter_o unworthy_a the_o name_n of_o philosophy_n since_o all_o its_o assertion_n and_o conclusion_n if_o drive_v home_o be_v resolve_v final_o into_o precarious_a supposition_n again_n since_o all_o speculation_n be_v airy_a and_o fantastical_a that_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o nature_n and_o such_o discourser_n do_v not_o final_o build_v their_o discourse_n on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o find_v they_o to_o be_v but_o on_o their_o be_v such_o as_o they_o suppose_v they_o or_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o whole_a scheme_n of_o their_o doctrine_n and_o all_o the_o speculation_n they_o advance_v how_o ingenious_a so_o ever_o they_o may_v appear_v be_v far_o from_o solid_a and_o in_o reality_n groundless_a airy_a and_o fantastical_a 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o who_o ever_o suppose_v any_o principle_n or_o proposition_n that_o influence_n his_o explication_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o natural_a effect_n which_o arâ—_n apt_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o natural_a cause_n and_o demonstrate_v by_o they_o whether_o that_o principle_n be_v that_o matter_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o or_o such_o part_n or_o that_o it_o be_v move_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o continue_v its_o motion_n without_o a_o natural_a motive_n cause_v continual_o act_v on_o it_o notwithstanding_o that_o it_o still_o meet_v with_o rub_n from_o other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o it_o â—reaks_v asunder_o that_o there_o be_v such_o figure_n of_o its_o part_n or_o such_o quality_n affect_v the_o subject_a and_o give_v it_o a_o virtue_n of_o operate_n thus_o or_o thus_o that_o â—here_o be_v multitude_n of_o little_a entity_n bring_v in_o â—o_o serve_v a_o present_a turn_n when_o the_o discourser_n be_v at_o 〈◊〉_d plunge_n or_o atom_n pursue_v and_o over_o take_v â—heir_a fellow_n and_o cling_v together_o convenient_o â—or_a his_o purpose_n without_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o and_o 〈◊〉_d they_o must_v do_v so_o as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epiâ—ureans_n or_o what_o ever_o other_o useful_a expedient_a he_o â—upposes_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o clockwork_n of_o his_o scheme_n such_o a_o man_n be_v no_o true_a philosopher_n 17._o likewise_o who_o ever_o lay_v for_o his_o ground_n â—hat_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v viz._n vacuum_n imaginary_a space_n subsistent_a dimension_n infinite_a expansion_n of_o continue_v quantity_n infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n and_o suchlike_a can_v be_v no_o true_a philosopher_n since_o they_o as_o do_v the_o former_a resolve_v thing_n final_o into_o their_o own_o unproved_a and_o ridiculous_a supposition_n and_o will_v have_v we_o accept_v their_o groundless_a fancy_n for_o first_o principle_n when_o as_o many_o â—imes_n the_o contrary_a to_o these_o be_v clear_o demonstrable_a 18._o whoever_o proceed_v mere_o upon_o experiment_n and_o induction_n and_o can_v assign_v proper_a cause_n for_o the_o effect_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n they_o seeâ—one_v â—one_z how_o ever_o their_o inquisitiveness_n into_o nature_n may_v merit_v commendation_n and_o oblige_v artificer_n and_o practical_a man_n by_o many_o useful_a observation_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n help_v speculative_a man_n also_o who_o do_v make_v use_n of_o principle_n to_o find_v out_o more_o easy_o the_o proper_a cause_n of_o many_o effect_n from_o which_o industrious_a researche_n into_o nature_n such_o man_n may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o virtuoso_n or_o curious_a and_o ingenious_a person_n yet_o since_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o they_o can_v by_o that_o method_n alone_o without_o make_v use_n of_o principle_n refund_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n nor_o give_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o effect_n they_o experience_v nor_o deduce_v so_o much_o as_o one_o scientifical_a conclusion_n they_o can_v in_o true_a speech_n be_v call_v man_n of_o science_n or_o philosopher_n 19_o those_o of_o the_o vulgar_a who_o have_v good_a mother-witt_n and_o addict_v themselves_o to_o think_v much_o and_o attentive_o of_o some_o certain_a natural_a object_n may_v by_o practical_a self-evidence_n well_o improve_v arrive_v to_o such_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n as_o may_v rank_v they_o in_o the_o next_o class_n of_o knower_n to_o scientifical_a man_n or_o true_a philosopher_n for_o such_o man_n by_o a_o innate_a or_o casual_a addiction_n of_o their_o thought_n to_o some_o particular_a sort_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o industrious_a and_o frequent_a consideration_n of_o they_o join_v with_o a_o natural_a sagacity_n to_o penetrate_v they_o and_o natural_a logic_n to_o discourse_v they_o in_o their_o thought_n be_v furnish_v with_o
reason_n do_v affect_v the_o will_n most_o connatural_o raise_v devotion_n heighten_v contemplation_n and_o make_v it_o solid_a and_o consequent_o keep_v the_o soul_n clear_v from_o idle_a fancy_n and_o set_v she_o above_o light_a bigottery_n i_o have_v not_o enumerate_v these_o particular_n to_o boast_v my_o performance_n for_o these_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o examine_v whether_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v all_o along_o produce_v will_v bear_v the_o test_n but_o to_o bespeak_v my_o reader_n be_v pardon_n if_o travel_v in_o a_o unbeaten_a road_n i_o happen_v now_o and_o then_o to_o stumble_v which_o as_o i_o be_o not_o conscious_a to_o myself_o to_o have_v do_v at_o all_o so_o i_o shall_v hope_v i_o no_o where_o do_v in_o any_o passage_n that_o substantial_o concern_v the_o method_n to_o science_n rather_o i_o must_v positive_o avow_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o wit_n of_o man_n to_o invent_v any_o other_o way_n than_o what_o i_o have_v propose_v that_o be_v solid_a and_o evident_a for_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o mankind_n hitherto_o unless_o perhaps_o the_o cartesian_o that_o truth_n be_v fundamental_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o judgement_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o consist_v formal_o in_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n both_o which_o i_o have_v follow_v most_o exact_o and_o as_o some_o reader_n i_o doubt_v not_o will_v think_v too_o superstitious_o now_o since_o rectum_fw-la est_fw-la mensura_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la my_o design_n engage_v i_o to_o show_v as_o far_o as_o the_o brevity_n of_o a_o preface_n will_v allow_v that_o the_o different_a method_n take_v by_o other_o do_v not_o lead_v we_o to_o true_a science_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o necessity_n lay_v upon_o i_o to_o make_v this_o charge_n good_a for_o since_o we_o take_v different_a method_n if_o they_o be_v a_o right_a one_o i_o must_v be_v a_o wrong_n and_o my_o publish_v it_o no_o advantage_n but_o a_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o to_o my_o great_a neighbour_n the_o world_n the_o method_n which_o i_o pitch_v upon_o to_o examine_v shall_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n viz._n that_o of_o speculative_a and_o that_o of_o experimental_a philosopher_n the_o former_a of_o which_o pretend_v to_o proceed_v by_o reason_n and_o principle_n the_o late_a by_o induction_n and_o both_o of_o they_o aim_n at_o advance_v science_n look_v about_o for_o a_o instance_n if_o the_o former_a sort_n i_o do_v not_o think_v epicurus_n and_o his_o school_n worth_a my_o take_a notice_n of_o for_o he_o who_o suppose_v all_o his_o principle_n bid_v defiance_n to_o all_o method_n of_o conclude_v any_o thing_n and_o as_o for_o our_o modern_a school-philosopher_n they_o have_v so_o dispute_v themselves_o quite_o out_o of_o breath_n for_o want_n of_o any_o certain_a method_n that_o they_o have_v bring_v all_o science_n to_o a_o indifferency_n of_o opinion_n or_o maintain_v any_o thing_n with_o equal_a evidence_n or_o rather_o no-evidence_n a_o thing_n absolute_o impossible_a for_o those_o who_o lie_v any_o right_a method_n to_o science_n and_o this_o deficiency_n of_o they_o lose_v their_o credit_n with_o our_o late_a wit_n have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o east_n about_o how_o to_o model_n philosophy_n anew_o and_o frame_v it_o whole_o in_o another_o mould_n for_o the_o schoolman_n on_o the_o one_o side_n represent_v aristotle_n wrong_v and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n his_o perhaps_o affect_v obscurity_n win_v they_o rather_o to_o believe_v the_o school_n concern_v his_o doctrine_n than_o to_o be_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o pain_n and_o patience_n to_o understand_v he_o right_o speak_v by_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o first_o interpreter_n the_o inconsiderableness_n then_o of_o other_o pretender_n to_o a_o method_n to_o science_n and_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o plea_n throw_v i_o forcible_o upon_o examine_v the_o method_n of_o that_o great_a man_n cartesius_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v his_o method_n be_v vast_o different_a from_o i_o he_o pretend_v to_o a_o first_o principle_n and_o the_o self-evidence_n of_o that_o principle_n which_o therefore_o i_o must_v either_o disprove_v or_o give_v up_o my_o cause_n and_o condemn_v what_o i_o have_v write_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o two_o method_n contrary_a to_o one_o another_o can_v both_o of_o they_o be_v the_o right_a one_o or_o lay_v just_a claim_n to_o self-evidence_n in_o their_o principle_n but_o with_o how_o potent_a a_o adversary_n have_v my_o unlucky_a audaciousness_n in_o attempt_v to_o lay_v a_o demonstrative_a method_n to_o science_n oblige_v i_o to_o grapple_v it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v a_o a_o man_n of_o that_o prodigious_a wit_n that_o scarce_o any_o age_n have_v produce_v his_o equal_a his_o school_n have_v dilate_v itself_o into_o divers_a nation_n and_o his_o scholar_n and_o follower_n be_v of_o such_o eminent_a rank_n and_o name_n that_o it_o will_v terrify_v any_o man_n to_o encounter_v his_o doctrine_n especial_o his_o principle_n which_o must_v be_v the_o solid_a strong_a and_o clear_a part_n of_o it_o who_o have_v not_o a_o unshaken_a confidence_n in_o the_o invincible_a strength_n of_o truth_n under_o who_o â—anner_n he_o fight_v he_o dazzle_v the_o understanding_n of_o his_o reader_n with_o his_o most_o ingenious_a and_o clear_a way_n of_o discourse_v a_o talon_n peculiar_a to_o himself_o and_o he_o lay_v his_o thought_n together_o with_o such_o a_o artificial_a and_o smoothly-flowing_a currency_n in_o proper_a and_o unaffected_a language_n that_o he_o captivate_v it_o at_o unaware_o into_o a_o complaisant_a assent_n and_o his_o great_a adversary_n must_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o if_o his_o doctrine_n be_v not_o true_a at_o least_o truth_n be_v never_o so_o exact_o and_o handsome_o counterfeit_v he_o posture_n his_o thought_n so_o dextrous_o that_o nothing_o but_o perfect_a evidence_n can_v break_v their_o rank_n or_o make_v a_o hostile_a impression_n upon_o they_o so_o that_o if_o his_o hypothesis_n be_v false_a and_o hap_n to_o be_v overthrow_v it_o will_v certain_o be_v the_o most_o glorious_a victory_n truth_n ever_o gain_v but_o all_o those_o bugbear_n can_v deter_v i_o from_o the_o defence_n of_o truth_n in_o such_o a_o cause_n non_fw-la diuûm_fw-la parcimus_fw-la ulli_fw-la and_o the_o more_o his_o doctrine_n resemble_v truth_n and_o have_v great_a patron_n to_o abet_v and_o carry_v iâ—_n on_o the_o high_a obligation_n it_o lay_v upon_o i_o tâ—_n detect_v its_o falsehood_n if_o i_o sincere_o judge_v iâ—_n fallacious_a and_o think_v i_o can_v show_v it_o to_o be_v so_o i_o will_v not_o be_v misunderstand_v to_o intend_v herâ—_n a_o confutation_n of_o his_o doctrine_n it_o be_v neither_o a_o work_n for_o a_o preface_n nor_o for_o a_o man_n of_o mâ—_n small_a leisure_n but_o only_o to_o take_v minute_n oâ—_n some_o few_o but_o main_a hinge_n of_o his_o doâ—ctrine_n in_o order_n to_o confute_v his_o method_n leave_v it_o to_o other_o who_o have_v better_a part_n and_o less_o employment_n to_o carry_v on_o my_o slight_a animadversion_n if_o they_o may_v be_v find_v of_o weight_n to_o far_a reflection_n to_o begin_v then_o with_o his_o six_o meditation_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o can_v conceive_v why_o they_o shall_v be_v style_v his_o metaphysic_n for_o it_o be_v proper_a for_o that_o noble_a and_o high_a science_n to_o treat_v of_o ens_fw-la as_o ens_fw-la or_o of_o sueh_a notion_n as_o concern_v be_v which_o i_o can_v discern_v to_o have_v be_v the_o direct_a scope_n of_o those_o treatise_n he_o set_v himself_o to_o investigate_v some_o first_o principle_n to_o fix_v upon_o by_o a_o laborious_a divest_v himself_o of_o all_o those_o knowledge_n he_o be_v seem_o possess_v of_o and_o after_o much_o toss_n his_o thought_n to_o and_o froâ—_n a_o long_a time_n with_o doubt_v or_o pretend_v to_o doubt_v of_o all_o he_o have_v hitherto_o know_v he_o arrive_v at_o length_n at_o that_o odd_a first_o principle_n of_o his_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la and_o triumph_n mighty_o with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o his_o have_v find_v it_o against_o which_o procedure_n wave_v here_o what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o book_n 2._o lesle_n 4._o i_o have_v divers_a exception_n as_o irrational_a in_o many_o respect_n for_o first_o he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v make_v that_o inference_n or_o have_v find_v that_o first_o principle_n at_o the_o very_a beginning_n when_o he_o make_v his_o first_o doubt_n since_o dubito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la be_v full_a as_o conclusive_a of_o his_o own_o existence_n as_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la can_v be_v pretend_v to_o be_v nor_o can_v any_o reason_n be_v give_v why_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la dubitans_fw-la do_v not_o include_v in_o it_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la do_v and_o cartesius_n himself_o medit_n 3d._a confess_v the_o same_o express_o to_o
notion_n and_o not_o essential_a or_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o again_o more_o and_o less_o which_o be_v intrinsical_v difference_n signify_v some_o proportion_n or_o comparison_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o which_o can_v have_v no_o place_n in_o permanent_a and_o successive_a quantity_n for_o what_o sense_n bear_v it_o to_o say_v that_o a_o yard_n be_v as_o long_o as_o a_o hour_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a maxim_n that_o comparison_n be_v make_v of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_n which_o by_o the_o way_n show_v that_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o any_o genus_fw-la or_o kind_a be_v comparative_a notion_n or_o more_o and_o less_o of_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o continue_v quantity_n be_v not_o a_o proper_a genus_fw-la to_o they_o as_o such_o nor_o they_o proper_a species_n of_o it_o or_o constitute_v such_o under_o it_o by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n but_o each_o of_o they_o be_v the_o very_a genus_fw-la itself_o of_o continue_v quantity_n consider_v under_o diverse_a state_n altogether_o disparate_a and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n successive_a connotate_v the_o predicament_n of_o action_n the_o other_o seem_v rather_o to_o hold_v on_o the_o side_n of_o mere_a quantity_n though_o that_o common_a head_n do_v in_o rigour_n abstract_v from_o both_o those_o state_n 13._o the_o division_n of_o permanent_a continue_v quantity_n into_o extensive_a contain_v the_o three_o species_n 8._o above_o mention_v and_o intensive_a or_o weight_n be_v yet_o more_o defective_a than_o the_o other_o for_o first_o part_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la itself_o viz._n permanent_a be_v accidental_a to_o quantity_n next_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a propension_n one_o way_n or_o other_o inherent_a in_o body_n while_o in_o rest_n as_o be_v show_v in_o physics_n weight_n must_v be_v take_v for_o a_o actual_a tendency_n downward_o and_o so_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o action_n or_o passion_n according_a as_o the_o body_n that_o weigh_v be_v consider_v either_o as_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o superior_a body_n or_o press_v that_o below_o it_o whence_o whatever_o else_o we_o can_v conceive_v of_o the_o notion_n of_o weight_n in_o any_o body_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o its_o density_n for_o this_o make_v it_o apt_a to_o receive_v the_o full_a impression_n of_o the_o descend_a air_n and_o better_a and_o more_o swift_o cut_v the_o medium_n when_o its_o motion_n be_v once_o determine_v whereas_o rare_a body_n suffer_v the_o descend_a particle_n to_o slip_v through_o they_o and_o do_v but_o dull_o and_o slow_o divide_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v in_o their_o descent_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o physics_n 14._o infinite_a discrete_a quantity_n that_o be_v infinite_a number_n can_v belong_v to_o the_o predicament_n of_o quantity_n for_o then_o it_o must_v either_o have_v the_o place_n there_o of_o a_o genus_fw-la or_o of_o a_o species_n whereas_o it_o can_v be_v neither_o because_o the_o generical_a notion_n will_v in_o that_o case_n be_v common_a to_o more_o infinite_a number_n as_o its_o species_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n for_o since_o each_o of_o these_o species_n be_v infinite_a in_o such_o a_o line_n or_o under_o such_o a_o notion_n must_v comprehend_v all_o that_o can_v be_v in_o that_o line_n they_o will_v each_o of_o they_o contain_v the_o whole_a line_n of_o number_n and_o so_o each_o of_o they_o will_v be_v of_o as_o large_a a_o notion_n as_o their_o genus_fw-la nor_o will_v they_o in_o that_o case_n be_v different_a from_o one_o another_o in_o that_o line_n because_o one_o of_o they_o can_v have_v nothing_o which_o the_o other_o have_v not_o nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o be_v diverse_a species_n nor_o can_v infinite_a quantity_n be_v their_o genus_fw-la beside_o two_o infinits_z under_o what_o notion_n soever_o limit_n and_o so_o destroy_v one_o another_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v solve_v by_o say_v that_o quantity_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o finit_fw-la and_o infinite_a and_o that_o species_n that_o be_v infinite_a be_v but_o one_o or_o have_v no_o more_o of_o its_o kind_n but_o its_o single_a self_n for_o since_o infinite_a in_o any_o notion_n include_v all_o that_o can_v belong_v to_o that_o notion_n nothing_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la will_v be_v leave_v for_o its_o fellow_n species_n to_o partake_v of_o which_o make_v finite_a number_n to_o be_v no_o species_n last_o as_o the_o difference_n of_o continue_v quantity_n be_v great_a or_o lesser_a determinate_a part_n so_o the_o difference_n of_o number_n must_v be_v more_o or_o few_o determinate_a part_n which_o can_v bear_v no_o sense_n if_o one_o of_o the_o species_n have_v all_o or_o be_v endless_a or_o indeterminate_a 15._o hence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a and_o contradictory_n since_o it_o contradict_v the_o method_n and_o maxim_n of_o all_o our_o natural_a notion_n for_o be_v it_o put_v it_o ought_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quantity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v in_o many_o regard_v implicatory_a add_v that_o as_o no_o ens_fw-la be_v capable_a of_o existence_n unless_o it_o be_v first_o ultimate_o determine_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o so_o no_o affection_n of_o ens_fw-la v_o g._n number_n can_v possible_o exist_v in_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v determine_v in_o its_o own_o line_n to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o number_n which_o be_v here_o forbid_v it_o by_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o infinite_a which_o signify_v indeterminate_a 16·_v therefore_o continue_v quantity_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v there_o can_v be_v a_o infinite_a extent_n or_o expansion_n of_o body_n for_o than_o the_o subject_n will_v verify_v it_o that_o there_o must_v be_v in_o it_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o yard_n which_o be_v now_o prove_v impossible_a 17._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n there_o can_v have_v be_v infinite_a time_n for_o then_o again_o there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n viz._n of_o hour_n again_o let_v we_o put_v time_n to_o have_v be_v infinite_a that_o be_v never_o to_o have_v begin_v then_o there_o must_v have_v succeed_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o hour_n wherefore_o in_o that_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n there_o must_v either_o have_v be_v some_o one_o hour_n distant_a from_o this_o present_a hour_n by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o or_o no_o one_o hour_n thus_o distant_a if_o no_o one_o than_o the_o whole_a collection_n of_o hour_n consist_v of_o one_o be_v finite_a if_o some_o one_o hour_n be_v distant_a from_o this_o present_a one_o by_o infinite_a intermediate_n one_o than_o we_o be_v force_v to_o put_v a_o infinite_a which_o have_v two_o end_n viz._n that_o hour_n say_v to_o be_v infinite_o long_a ago_o and_o this_o present_a hour_n that_o now_o pass_v that_o be_v we_o must_v put_v a_o infinite_a to_o be_v finite_a corol._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n have_v a_o beginning_n or_o first_o motion_n therefore_o a_o first-mover_n therefore_o some_o spiritual_a nature_n as_o 4._o will_v be_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o lesson_n vi_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quality_n 1._o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n be_v what_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o that_o of_o quantity_n how_o great_a it_o be_v or_o how_o much_o there_o be_v of_o it_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o quality_n as_o be_v say_v above_o and_o indeed_o as_o the_o very_a word_n import_v be_v how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v or_o no._n this_o will_v be_v far_a evident_a from_o the_o whole_a follow_a discourse_n 2._o wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o common_a kind_n or_o species_n of_o quality_n as_o there_o may_v be_v common_a consideration_n of_o how_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o regard_n to_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n 3._o wherefore_o see_v the_o subject_n may_v be_v thus_o consider_v either_o according_a to_o its_o intrinsecal_n or_o according_a to_o extrinsecal_n to_o which_o it_o may_v be_v refer_v and_o if_o to_o intrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o some_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n temperature_n or_o constitution_n which_o we_o call_v habit_n if_o permanent_a or_o disposition_n if_o transitory_a or_o to_o its_o outward_a shape_n conceive_v to_o inhere_o in_o it_o call_v figure_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v according_a to_o extrinsecal_n then_o either_o according_a to_o the_o cause_n from_o which_o it_o may_v suffer_v or_o be_v variable_a which_o we_o call_v passable_a quality_n if_o steady_a or_o passion_n if_o sudden_a and_o fleet_a or_o to_o the_o effect_n or_o operation_n it_o may_v or_o may_v not_o produce_v which_o we_o name_v its_o power_n or_o impotency_n hence_o quality_n in_o common_a be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n and_o no_o
or_o frame_v distinct_a notion_n of_o it_o beside_o to_o be_v a_o object_n of_o any_o power_n can_v as_o such_o be_v essential_a to_o nothing_o because_o it_o be_v perfect_o extrinsical_a to_o the_o thing_n or_o its_o power_n to_o which_o it_o be_v a_o object_n as_o will_v be_v far_o see_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o predicament_n of_o 11._o relation_n wherefore_o the_o division_n of_o this_o species_n of_o of_o quality_n into_o visible_a audible_a tangible_a etc._n etc._n be_v accidental_a to_o quality_n and_o far_o from_o intrinsecal_n or_o essential_a 12._o notwithstanding_o what_o be_v say_v above_o some_o quality_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n and_o so_o be_v in_o part_n essential_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v in_o metaphysic_n the_o complexion_n of_o accident_n and_o of_o some_o quality_n among_o the_o rest_n do_v determine_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v this_o and_o distinct_a from_o all_o other_o and_o withal_o fit_v it_o for_o its_o primary_n operation_n and_o consequent_o do_v help_v to_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o individual_a body_n as_o part_v of_o its_o form_n passable_a quality_n in_o particular_a may_v contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o be_v in_o part_n and_o as_o join_v with_o quantity_n essential_a to_o it_o yet_o so_o that_o each_o of_o these_o consider_v alone_o be_v a_o accident_n but_o all_o of_o they_o take_v together_o and_o as_o club_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n ultimate_o to_o be_v this_o they_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o mere_o quantitative_a nor_o as_o qualificative_a but_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o substantial_a form_n 13._o no_o other_o species_n of_o quality_n but_o passable_a quality_n have_v this_o prerogative_n not_o power_n for_o power_n be_v property_n and_o so_o be_v conceive_v to_o follow_v the_o essence_n constitute_v and_o presuppose_v it_o much_o less_o habit_n for_o they_o supervene_v to_o the_o natural_a power_n and_o least_o of_o all_o figure_n for_o this_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o body_n however_o in_o organical_a body_n they_o may_v help_v to_o determine_v the_o species_n or_o individuum_fw-la 14._o figure_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o body_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o body_n thus_o terminate_v for_o since_o figure_n be_v nothing_o but_o such_o a_o superficies_n and_o the_o superficies_n be_v the_o termination_n of_o profundity_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a quantity_n of_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o figure_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n again_o if_o we_o look_v narrow_o into_o particular_a figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o nothing_o but_o that_o the_o quantity_n go_v no_o further_o or_o end_n here_o and_o there_o whence_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v thus_o and_o thus_o and_o this_o be_v all_o can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o body_n itself_o or_o its_o quantity_n however_o we_o be_v prone_a to_o conceit_n it_o as_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o body_n to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o ens._n 15._o figure_n alone_o be_v incapable_a of_o more_o or_o less_o in_o the_o same_o species_n for_o since_o figure_n be_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n and_o quantity_n be_v divisibility_n the_o termination_n or_o no-fartherness_a of_o quantity_n must_v be_v no_o quantity_n and_o therefore_o indivisible_a and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o degree_n in_o indivisibles_n it_o follow_v that_o figure_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o more_o and_o less_o within_o the_o same_o species_n but_o every_o alteration_n of_o the_o figure_n be_v a_o new_a species_n of_o it_o 16._o hence_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o selfsame_a quantity_n though_o be_v ofttimes_o imperceptible_a it_o happen_v to_o be_v nameless_a after_o several_a manner_n make_v so_o many_o particular_a figure_n for_o example_n the_o self_n same_o quantity_n viz._n a_o pint_n of_o water_n may_v be_v put_v into_o a_o round_a viol_n and_o a_o square_a or_o oval_a one_o which_o be_v terminate_v after_o a_o particular_a manner_n do_v make_v so_o many_o particular_a kind_n of_o figure_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o there_o be_v a_o real_a divisibility_n that_o be_v such_o a_o notional_a one_o as_o be_v ground_v in_o nature_n between_o quantity_n and_o figure_n since_o the_o subject_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o figure_n and_o not_o according_a to_o quantity_n of_o which_o we_o can_v have_v no_o better_o nor_o more_o familiar_a instance_n than_o a_o pastry-cook's_a form_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o dow_n into_o a_o pie_n and_o a_o lid_n for_o it_o or_o into_o pie_n of_o several_a figure_n 17._o the_o termination_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o body_n be_v the_o outside_o that_o circumscribe_v and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o body_n enclose_v in_o it_o which_o be_v the_o contain_v it_o the_o species_n of_o figure_n simple_o speak_v must_v be_v more_o or_o less_o a_o capacity_n to_o contain_v body_n that_o be_v to_o contain_v more_o or_o less_o of_o it_o hence_o a_o round_a figure_n be_v the_o best_a a_o quadrate_n worse_o and_o a_o parallelogram_n still_o worse_o than_o the_o former_a i_o say_v simple_o speak_v or_o regard_v body_n in_o common_a for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o sort_n of_o body_n organical_a one_o for_o example_n require_v such_o a_o determinate_a figure_n than_o that_o figure_n be_v better_a or_o worse_o which_o approach_v more_o or_o less_o to_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o best_a suit_n with_o that_o nature_n fit_v it_o best_o for_o its_o operation_n and_o make_v the_o symmetry_n with_o its_o other_o part_n most_o perfect_a thing_n endow_v with_o this_o quality_n we_o use_v to_o call_v well_o shape_v or_o handsome_a which_o with_o fit_a colour_n right_o place_v in_o the_o respective_a part_n make_v up_o that_o amiable_a quality_n we_o call_v beauty_n 18._o all_o corporeal_a quality_n be_v in_o reality_n the_o very_a particle_n or_o part_n of_o body_n this_o have_v be_v prove_v 1._o above_o where_o it_o be_v show_v that_o accident_n be_v not_o entity_n nor_o can_v exist_v of_o themselves_o but_o mere_o by_o their_o identity_n with_o their_o subject_n 19_o wherefore_o corporeal_a power_n be_v nothing_o but_o several_a mix_v part_n so_o contrive_v and_o organise_v as_o enable_v the_o compound_n to_o perform_v such_o and_o such_o operation_n corporeal_a habit_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o same_o part_n by_o use_n and_o bend_v to_o and_o fro_o make_v pliable_a and_o so_o apt_a to_o perform_v they_o more_o easy_o the_o passable_a quality_n be_v the_o same_o part_n as_o render_v the_o subject_a either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o divisible_a or_o capable_a to_o be_v alter_v by_o natural_a cause_n figure_n can_v the_o least_o be_v think_v to_o have_v any_o be_v of_o its_o own_o since_o it_o be_v only_o the_o termination_n of_o quantity_n which_o be_v itself_o but_o a_o determination_n of_o body_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o the_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o minute_n and_o subtle_a particle_n or_o effluvium_n of_o body_n send_v out_o from_o they_o and_o light_v on_o those_o most_o tender_a and_o sensible_a receiver_n and_o affect_v they_o agreeable_o or_o disagreeble_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o idea_n lodge_v in_o the_o fancy_n or_o imaginative_a power_n itself_o nor_o will_v this_o be_v hard_a to_o conceive_v if_o we_o reflect_v attentive_o how_o quantitative_a particle_n may_v be_v still_o less_o and_o less_o almost_o infinite_o corol._n iii_o nor_o will_v it_o hence_o follow_v that_o cartesian_n and_o aristotelian_o agree_v in_o the_o main_a about_o the_o explication_n of_o nature_n in_o regard_n they_o do_v both_o of_o they_o hold_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o matter_n or_o substance_n thus_o or_o thus_o modify_v for_o the_o aristotelian_o give_v a_o account_n of_o there_o minima_fw-la naturalia_fw-la they_o make_v they_o mix_v body_n they_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o first_o or_o original_a mixture_n and_o show_v the_o intrinsecal_n temperature_n or_o constitution_n of_o their_o subject_n or_o the_o inform_v matter_n of_o which_o they_o consist_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o high_a and_o most_o know_a notion_n in_o nature_n viz._n of_o that_o matter_n and_o quantity_n diverse_o proportion_v whence_o arise_v the_o nature_n of_o rarity_n and_o density_n in_o the_o first_o species_n of_o body_n none_o of_o which_o the_o cartesian_o do_v nor_o can_v they_o by_o their_o principle_n reach_v the_o explication_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n or_o render_v any_o tolerable_a account_n of_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v dense_n or_o rare_a hard_a or_o soft_a etc._n etc._n as_o will_v be_v more_o ample_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o appendix_n 20._o
it_o be_v evident_a that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n import_v no_o more_o in_o their_o notion_n but_o the_o alter_v the_o subject_a according_a to_o some_o quality_n whereas_o division_n import_v direct_o the_o take_v away_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o consequent_o its_o entity_n again_o mere_a rarefaction_n do_v not_o change_v the_o substance_n but_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o great_a height_n and_o every_o body_n admit_v rarefaction_n a_o long_a time_n without_o lose_v its_o former_a essence_n whereas_o division_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a so_o that_o the_o divisum_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v esse_fw-la aliud_fw-la or_o esse_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la uno_fw-la whereas_o the_o rarefactum_fw-la esse_fw-la may_v be_v without_o any_o such_o effect_n follow_v it_o 5._o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v the_o next_o action_n in_o dignity_n for_o since_o as_o be_v prove_v above_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v the_o first_o intrinsical_v difference_n of_o quantity_n as_o it_o affect_v body_n in_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o natural_a action_n that_o cause_n rarity_n or_o density_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o division_n which_o work_v more_o upon_o divisibility_n their_o genus_fw-la 6._o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o natural_a action_n for_o since_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o its_o two_o difference_n must_v needs_o comprehend_v all_o under_o any_o common_a head_n as_o be_v adequate_a to_o it_o and_o division_n answer_v to_o divisibility_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n to_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o more_o or_o less_o thus_o divisible_a it_o follow_v that_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n do_v take_v up_o all_o that_o head_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o kind_n of_o natural_a action_n which_o be_v not_o reducible_a to_o some_o of_o these_o or_o not_o comprehend_v under_o they_o beside_o all_o the_o first_o and_o second_o passable_a quality_n which_o general_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o natural_a action_n be_v comprehend_v in_o or_o spring_v out_o of_o rarity_n and_o density_n as_o will_v be_v see_v in_o physics_n 7._o the_o formal_a virtue_n of_o act_v or_o work_v any_o effect_n which_o we_o call_v its_o causality_n be_v the_o agent_n be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o its_o very_a existence_n apply_v by_o motion_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o communicate_v to_o it_o or_o as_o it_o be_v imprint_v on_o it_o for_o since_o no_o particular_a agent_n in_o nature_n can_v do_v every_o thing_n whatever_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o particular_a cause_n work_v such_o particular_a effect_n must_v spring_v hence_o that_o the_o effect_n have_v something_o in_o its_o nature_n that_o be_v like_o the_o cause_n come_v from_o it_o and_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o patient_n or_o partake_v by_o it_o whence_o come_v those_o vulgar_a axiom_n operari_fw-la sequitur_fw-la esse_fw-la every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o immediate_a caâ—se_n etc._n etc._n thus_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o water_n moisten_v be_v because_o it_o be_v moist_a in_o itself_o and_o impart_v that_o quality_n to_o another_o thing_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o seal_n make_v such_o a_o impression_n be_v because_o itself_o be_v of_o such_o a_o stamp_n the_o reason_n why_o god_n create_v or_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o be_v be_v because_o be_v be_v essential_a to_o he_o corol._n ii_o hence_o motion_n be_v only_o requisite_a to_o apply_v the_o virtue_n or_o existence_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o matter_n or_o patient_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o effect_n spring_v from_o the_o cause_n being_n what_o it_o be_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o effect_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o perfect_a according_a as_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n or_o essence_n or_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o be_v apply_v better_a or_o worse_o to_o the_o patient_n or_o to_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o by_o a_o feeble_a or_o smart_a motion_n 8._o it_o follow_v from_o this_o discourse_n that_o there_o must_v be_v four_o sort_n of_o cause_n necessary_o belong_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n there_o must_v be_v a_o actor_n which_o we_o call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n a_o subject_a for_o the_o actor_n to_o work_v upon_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n the_o effect_v wrought_v in_o that_o matter_n or_o receive_v in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o some_o form_n new_o accrue_v to_o it_o which_o constitute_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o since_o corporeal_a action_n be_v motion_n and_o no_o body_n can_v move_v itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v be_v cause_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o a_o body_n that_o be_v by_o a_o spiritual_a or_o intelligent_a be_v and_o such_o agent_n do_v design_n or_o act_v for_o a_o end_n therefore_o there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o final_a cause_n to_o make_v those_o agent_n to_o move_v body_n and_o make_v they_o act_v as_o they_o do_v in_o every_o particular_a action_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n which_o ground_n our_o notion_n of_o providence_n adequate_o govern_v the_o world_n even_o as_o to_o the_o least_o circumstance_n of_o it_o wherefore_o there_o be_v to_o every_o action_n in_o nature_n four_o cause_n necessary_o requisite_a which_o will_v afford_v reflecter_n ample_a occasion_n for_o speculation_n and_o contemplation_n for_o example_n when_o i_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n paper_n which_o receive_v the_o effect_n of_o my_o write_n the_o formal_a cause_n the_o character_n receive_v in_o the_o paper_n the_o final_a cause_n to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n treat_v of_o business_n or_o acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n 9_o there_o be_v no_o five_o cause_n call_v a_o idea_n as_o plato_n affirm_v for_o either_o that_o idea_n be_v conceive_v as_o introduce_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o receive_v there_o and_o then_o it_o be_v clear_o a_o formal_a cause_n or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o artificer_n and_o than_o it_o concur_v to_o make_v he_o a_o efficient_a cause_n for_o without_o such_o a_o idea_n he_o can_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o artificial_a effect_n 10._o operation_n have_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n with_o action_n but_o be_v indifferent_a to_o action_n and_o passion_n or_o rather_o a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n make_v up_o of_o both_o for_o example_n notion_n or_o simple_a apprehension_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n though_o the_o soul_n in_o have_v they_o be_v pure_o passive_a so_o also_o my_o act_n of_o discourse_v willing_a etc._n etc._n be_v call_v operation_n though_o they_o be_v both_o perform_v by_o my_o soul_n and_o receive_v in_o it_o whence_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n such_o as_o have_v curro_fw-la ardeo_fw-la and_o suchlike_a take_v such_o word_n not_o in_o a_o grammatical_a but_o in_o a_o philosophical_a and_o natural_a sense_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v all_o immanent_a action_n or_o act_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o call_v action_n as_o operation_n in_o order_n to_o what_o they_o have_v of_o effective_a in_o they_o or_o else_o act_n because_o they_o actuate_v or_o inform_v the_o subject_a in_o which_o they_o be_v as_o well_o receive_v as_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o whence_o action_n in_o the_o proper_a and_o obvious_a sense_n signify_v the_o efficience_n of_o a_o natural_a cause_n which_o have_v a_o transitive_a notion_n and_o infer_v passion_n and_o consequent_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o extrinsical_a subject_a it_o light_v on_o note_v that_o since_o action_n infer_v passion_n and_o refer_v to_o it_o hence_o whatever_o be_v discourse_v here_o of_o action_n may_v by_o turn_v the_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o consider_v motion_n in_o order_n to_o its_o other_o term_n be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o passion_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o treat_v of_o both_o those_o head_n in_o the_o same_o discourse_n lesson_n ix_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o 1._o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o signify_v in_o what_o place_n the_o notion_n of_o place_n must_v first_o be_v right_o understand_v ere_o we_o can_v have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v ubi_fw-la and_o the_o word_n place_n be_v no_o artificial_a term_n but_o a_o natural_a one_o and_o use_v by_o all_o mankind_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o the_o user_n of_o it_o that_o be_v we_o must_v take_v the_o notion_n of_o place_n not_o from_o man_n of_o art_n or_o speculater_n but_o from_o the_o vulgar_a
casual_o upon_o something_o in_o the_o dark_a or_o run_v against_o it_o though_o we_o neither_o see_v or_o know_v what_o that_o thing_n be_v or_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n a_o far_o off_o we_o know_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v though_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cauâ—es_n and_o effect_n for_o since_o a_o first_o cause_n be_v suppose_v who_o be_v infinite_o wise_a he_o administâ—rs_v his_o workmanship_n the_o world_n after_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a manner_n which_o be_v that_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o loose_a and_o slack_a but_o perfect_o coherent_a nor_o can_v this_o be_v do_v among_o a_o infinite_a variety_n of_o body_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n so_o as_o to_o make_v up_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o make_v effect_n necessary_o follow_v from_o their_o cause_n since_o if_o that_o be_v not_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o need_v the_o artificer_n hand_n at_o every_o turn_n to_o make_v it_o go_v on_o which_o argue_v a_o imperfection_n in_o the_o workmanship_n itself_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n 4._o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v câ—â—ryed_v on_o by_o such_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n as_o 〈◊〉_d â—roper_a to_o one_o another_o for_o be_v â—ot_n â—â—ese_v cause_n and_o effect_n proper_a to_o one_o another_o any_o 〈◊〉_d may_v do_v any_o thing_n or_o suffer_v from_o any_o thing_n v_o g._n fire_n may_v both_o heat_n and_o cool_v and_o moisten_v and_o water_n may_v be_v as_o combustible_a as_o dry_a wood_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o whiâ—h_a case_n no_o man_n can_v tell_v how_o to_o order_n his_o action_n or_o what_o efficient_a cause_n or_o what_o matter_n rather_o than_o another_o he_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o to_o produce_v any_o effect_n nor_o consequent_o sinâ—e_o â—uch_o essence_n be_v ordain_v for_o such_o and_o such_o end_n can_v the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v know_v or_o distinguish_v more_o than_o in_o outward_a appearance_n 5._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o every_o such_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n put_v to_o be_v actual_o cause_v must_v most_o necessary_o produce_v 〈◊〉_d proper_a effect_n for_o since_o to_o causâ—_n be_v 〈◊〉_d do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v what_o 〈◊〉_d actual_o cause_v must_v cause_v something_o or_o produce_v some_o effect_n anâ—_n this_o effect_n must_v be_v a_o proper_a one_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o 4._o 6._o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v for_o since_o the_o virtue_n or_o power_n of_o work_v be_v in_o the_o efficient_a cause_n itself_o as_o be_v nothing_o but_o its_o existence_n and_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o be_v quantitative_a that_o be_v of_o it_o be_v own_o nature_n either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o divisible_a and_o variable_a innumerable_a manner_n of_o way_n according_a to_o its_o quality_n nor_o can_v it_o have_v a_o infinite_a power_n of_o resist_v the_o efficiency_n of_o the_o least_o cause_n hence_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o have_v a_o impression_n make_v upon_o it_o to_o some_o degree_n by_o any_o quantitative_a agent_n provide_v there_o be_v but_o immediate_a application_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o that_o it_o be_v prâ—st_v upon_o it_o but_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n immediate_a application_n of_o one_o natural_a body_n to_o another_o must_v needs_o be_v throughout_o all_o nature_n and_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o moâ—ion_n one_o body_n must_v necessary_o press_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v next_o it_o from_o all_o which_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v 7._o from_o these_o discourse_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v proper_a effect_n from_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n which_o we_o call_v demonstrate_v â_fw-la priori_fw-la and_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n from_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v call_v demonstrate_v à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la for_o since_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o reason_n do_v only_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o word_n cause_n speak_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o reason_n the_o same_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n and_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v necessary_o connect_v to_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o do_v infer_v one_o another_o natural_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o cause_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n effect_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n must_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o one_o infer_v the_o other_o in_o our_o understanding_n whence_o follow_v that_o thoâ—e_a cause_n and_o effect_n can_v be_v use_v as_o proper_a middle_a term_n to_o infer_v or_o conclude_v one_o another_o and_o that_o proof_n make_v by_o such_o medium_n be_v demonstrative_a be_v clear_a for_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o those_o notion_n or_o nature_n be_v connect_v natural_o and_o so_o connect_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v show_v these_o be_v §_o §_o 5._o and_o 6._o 8._o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v because_o two_o body_n that_o be_v immediate_a do_v act_n and_o re-act_n or_o be_v in_o some_o respect_n mutual_o cause_n and_o effect_n to_o one_o another_o for_o since_o their_o existence_n which_o be_v their_o power_n of_o act_v be_v immediate_o apply_v and_o by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n press_v upon_o one_o another_o and_o no_o natural_a agent_n be_v of_o infinite_a power_n nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o subdue_v all_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o patient_n in_o a_o instant_a it_o follow_v that_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v by_o degree_n total_o subdue_v the_o resist_a body_n must_v necessary_o for_o the_o reason_n give_v re-act_n upon_o it_o whence_o they_o will_v be_v to_o some_o degree_n or_o in_o some_o respect_n mutual_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o regard_n of_o each_o other_o corol._n i._o the_o carry_v on_o this_o connected_a course_n of_o natural_a cause_n be_v call_v providence_n and_o as_o join_v with_o a_o course_n of_o supernatural_a one_o interior_a and_o exterior_a perfect_v and_o strengthen_v the_o will_v all_o along_o to_o the_o very_a end_n and_o ripen_a soul_n for_o bliss_n which_o we_o call_v grace_n be_v that_o which_o be_v true_o mean_v by_o predestination_n which_o sound_v so_o terrible_o and_o be_v such_o â—â—ugbeaâ—_n to_o those_o that_o mis-understand_a it_o corâ—â—_n â—i_fw-la every_o step_n of_o this_o order_n of_o cause_n have_v entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o for_o it_o be_v manifest_o the_o cause_v of_o something_o by_o something_o corol._n â—â—i_n therefore_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o â—â—e_z first_o cause_n to_o cause_n or_o lay_v any_o 〈◊〉_d for_o sin_n for_o sin_n formal_o as_o such_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o either_o metaphysical_a physical_a or_o moral_a but_o be_v formal_o a_o mere_a privation_n of_o some_o entity_n or_o goodness_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o intelligent_a creature_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o by_o falling-short_a here_o in_o use_v the_o mean_n that_o creature_n fall_v short_a hereafter_o of_o attain_v the_o end_n which_o be_v only_o attainable_a by_o such_o mean_n to_o explicate_v which_o high_a point_n full_o be_v leave_v to_o solid_a divine_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o do_v not_o guide_v themselves_o by_o mere_a word_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a sense_n corol._n iu._n hence_o follow_v also_o that_o be_v all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n that_o produce_v any_o effect_n know_v to_o we_o we_o can_v have_v no_o accidental_a predication_n nor_o consequent_o any_o opinion_n but_o the_o effect_n will_v still_o be_v equal_o demonstrable_a from_o the_o complexion_n of_o those_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v now_o from_o some_o one_o single_a efficient_a as_o be_v hint_v former_o corol._n v._o hence_o to_o one_o that_o comprehend_v the_o complexion_n of_o all_o cause_n there_o can_v be_v no_o chance_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o man_n have_v any_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o notion_n for_o chance_v as_o the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o word_n tell_v we_o signify_v a_o unseen_a or_o vnforeseen_a cause_n whereas_o no_o cause_n be_v unseen_a to_o he_o who_o see_v demonstrative_o how_o all_o natural_a effect_n follow_v all_o along_o from_o the_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o can_v but_o follow_v from_o such_o cause_n corol._n vi_o hence_o though_o we_o know_v not_o particular_o the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o this_o exact_a order_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o comprehend_v not_o all_o cause_n nor_o know_v what_o cause_n or_o cause_n do_v
medium_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o must_v be_v also_o conclusive_a one_o for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n must_v either_o be_v make_v know_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o by_o extrinsical_a one_o that_o be_v by_o another_o authority_n and_o the_o same_o question_n recurr_n how_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o that_o other_o authority_n and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o we_o must_v come_v to_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o authority_n by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o we_o can_v have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o to_o believe_v any_o authority_n moreover_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v do_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n and_o unless_o they_o be_v conclusive_a they_o prove_v nothing_o and_o so_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o 21._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o attester_n be_v ascertain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o §_o 15.16_o their_o veracity_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o show_v there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a good_a to_o move_v their_o will_n to_o deceive_v we_o and_o the_o best_a proof_n omit_v the_o impossibility_n of_o join_v in_o such_o a_o universal_a conspiracy_n to_o deceive_v the_o certain_a loss_n of_o their_o credit_n to_o tell_v a_o lie_n against_o notorious_a matter_n of_o fact_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o see_v impossibility_n of_o compass_v their_o immediate_a end_n which_o be_v to_o deceive_v which_o reason_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o no_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o perfect_o frantic_a act_n for_o a_o end_n that_o he_o plain_o see_v impossible_a to_o be_v compass_v for_o example_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o moon_n or_o to_o swim_v over_o thames_n upon_o a_o pig_n of_o lead_n thus_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o all_o england_n can_v not_o conspire_v to_o deceive_v those_o bear_v since_o in_o assert_v to_o they_o that_o there_o be_v a_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o a_o long_a parliament_n which_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n here_o because_o they_o must_v see_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o gain_v belief_n of_o it_o which_o be_v their_o immediate_a end_n whatever_o far_o end_v they_o may_v propose_v to_o themselves_o so_o many_o record_n practice_n law_n and_o other_o consequence_n issue_v thence_o give_v they_o the_o lie_v beside_o the_o history_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o country_n and_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o political_a part_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o conspire_v unanimous_o and_o apposite_o to_o detect_v the_o cheat._n wherefore_o the_o end_n be_v evident_o impossible_a to_o be_v achieve_v it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o apparent_a good_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o act_v for_o such_o a_o end_n or_o to_o attempt_v to_o deceive_v we_o by_o attest_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o tell_v such_o a_o lie_n in_o such_o a_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v veracious_a while_o they_o attest_v it_o 22._o though_o both_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o consequently_n the_o thing_n attest_v by_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o and_o necessary_o true_a yet_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n be_v neither_o science_n noâ—_n opinion_n it_o can_v be_v opinion_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o beget_v opinion_n be_v not_o necessary_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n as_o be_v find_v here_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v science_n because_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v attest_v cause_v such_o a_o notion_n or_o impression_n in_o we_o direct_o by_o its_o self_n or_o by_o reflex_n knowledge_n upon_o those_o direct_a one_o on_o which_o kind_n of_o impression_n all_o science_n be_v build_v but_o it_o be_v a_o knowledge_n reflect_v to_o we_o from_o another_o knowledge_n of_o it_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o second-hand_n knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o even_o the_o attester_n have_v of_o the_o object_n at_o first-hand_n a_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o thing_n as_o a_o object_n the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o knowledge_n only_o which_o can_v beget_v science_n for_o a_o proper_a cause_n have_v a_o real_a order_n or_o relation_n to_o it_o be_v proper_a effect_n whereas_o the_o object_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o sense_n or_o our_o know_a power_n as_o be_v show_v above_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o relation_n by_o which_o we_o may_v far_o more_o clear_o discover_v the_o essential_a difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o intelligibility_n be_v a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la therefore_o every_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o proper_a cause_n of_o knowledge_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la negative_o as_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n nothing_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o ens_fw-la non_fw-la ens_fw-la not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v any_o knowledge_n in_o we_o or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o order_n to_o a_o extrinsical_a thing_n not_o a_o true_a property_n perfect_v it_o intrinsical_o as_o property_n due_a to_o a_o thing_n by_o nature_n and_o spring_a from_o their_o essence_n do_v it_o may_v be_v object_v far_a that_o all_o natural_a power_n be_v true_a property_n though_o they_o respect_v extrinsical_a thing_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o work_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o perfect_v those_o entity_n intrinsical_o or_o give_v they_o some_o perfection_n in_o their_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o intelligibility_n do_v not_o for_o nothing_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a or_o otherwise_o than_o it_o will_v be_v for_o be_v know_v or_o understand_v to_o explicate_v this_o better_a we_o may_v consider_v that_o every_o entity_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v some_o office_n or_o place_n there_o and_o some_o part_n which_o it_o be_v to_o act_v on_o the_o stage_n of_o nature_n and_o according_o metaphysic_n teach_v we_o that_o every_o body_n be_v constitute_v such_o by_o its_o have_v some_o primary_n operation_n which_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v as_o fire_n to_o heat_n water_n to_o cool_n etc._n etc._n whence_o what_o ever_o fit_v it_o for_o such_o a_o operation_n be_v either_o essential_a to_o it_o or_o a_o property_n immediate_o connect_v with_o its_o essence_n such_o as_o be_v those_o natural_a power_n object_v now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o power_n do_v perfect_a each_o nature_n intrinsical_o since_o without_o they_o it_o will_v be_v imperfect_a and_o impotent_a to_o perform_v that_o which_o it_o be_v essential_o ordain_v for_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n carry_v on_o by_o such_o proper_a cause_n to_o proper_a effect_n will_v be_v quite_o out_o of_o frame_n and_o order_n whereas_o it_o be_v manifest_a it_o will_v suffer_v no_o detriment_n at_o all_o in_o itself_o whether_o those_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_n be_v understand_v or_o no._n which_o show_v that_o their_o be_v know_v by_o the_o first_o attester_n or_o make_v know_v to_o we_o by_o their_o know_v they_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a effect_n of_o those_o cause_n nor_o intrinsical_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n but_o accidental_a to_o they_o as_o such_o but_o yet_o so_o accidental_a that_o it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o they_o and_o so_o do_v necessary_o infer_v the_o conclusion_n 23._o testimony_n on_o which_o human_a faith_n rely_v be_v adequate_o divide_v into_o live_v and_o dead_a that_o be_v into_o such_o attester_n as_o speak_v viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o those_o that_o speak_v by_o write_v because_o there_o be_v no_o common_a or_o ordinary_a way_n but_o speech_n and_o write_a or_o print_v character_n by_o which_o man_n can_v relate_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o other_o or_o testify_v to_o they_o their_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n 24._o matter_n of_o fact_n do_v long_o a_o go_v if_o very_o concern_v to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o continue_v and_o that_o they_o be_v know_v at_o first_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o who_o live_v now_o by_o a_o delivery_n of_o they_o down_o from_o the_o forego_n age_n to_o the_o succeed_a one_o which_o continue_v testimony_n or_o delivery_n of_o they_o be_v call_v tradition_n for_o since_o the_o generality_n of_o first_o attester_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o they_o happen_v can_v not_o but_o know_v they_o and_o the_o continual_a concern_v of_o they_o can_v not_o but_o still_o prompt_a and_o provoke_v foregoer_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o to_o their_o descendants_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o those_o cause_n may_v still_o
gramarical_a quibble_n and_o it_o will_v do_v too_o much_o honour_n to_o they_o to_o spend_v labour_n to_o name_v they_o be_v too_o open_a of_o themselves_o to_o need_v expose_v those_o which_o be_v less_o discernible_a and_o worth_a remark_n be_v such_o as_o this_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n say_v true_a but_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v true_a where_o â—5_n as_o have_v be_v particular_o show_v above_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v take_v in_o diverse_a sense_n for_o in_o this_o proposition_n peter_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o subject_a to_o signify_v one_o individual_a animal_n and_o of_o such_o a_o kind_n viz._n rational_a but_o in_o the_o proposition_n a_o ass_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o signify_v a_o animal_n of_o another_o kind_n viz._n irrational_a whence_o it_o be_v no_o syllogism_n because_o it_o have_v four_o term_n 10._o of_o these_o fallacy_n which_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n but_o be_v build_v on_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o sense_n the_o first_o worth_n remark_v be_v that_o call_v the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accident_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v only_o accidental_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n and_o not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n as_o bar-whateve_a breed_v stir_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v bad_a but_o baal_a religion_n breed_v stir_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n therefore_o ra-all_a religion_n be_v bad_a the_o common_a answer_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o major_a and_o minor_a both_o and_o to_o say_v that_o what_o breed_v stir_v out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v bad_a but_o not_o that_o which_o breed_v they_o accidental_o for_o otherwise_o a_o sword_n and_o wine_n must_v be_v bad_a because_o the_o one_o sometime_o help_v to_o commit_v murder_n and_o the_o other_o cause_v drunkenness_n but_o the_o more_o solid_a way_n and_o which_o bear_v up_o best_o to_o logical_a ground_n be_v to_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o syllogism_n because_o though_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v legitimate_a yet_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o speech_n contrive_v by_o true_a logician_n to_o conclude_v a_o three_o proposition_n out_o of_o the_o premise_n so_o as_o by_o connexion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o extreme_n we_o may_v know_v it_o to_o be_v certain_o true_a for_o that_o which_o leave_v we_o uncertain_a leave_v we_o ignorant_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v either_o a_o notion_n essential_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n or_o else_o as_o a_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_v of_o it_o neither_o of_o which_o it_o can_v be_v if_o it_o be_v but_o accidental_o belong_v to_o they_o we_o may_v note_v here_o how_o accidental_a medium_n be_v common_a and_o remote_a one_o or_o such_o as_o beget_v opinion_n for_o between_o religion_n and_o commotion_n intervene_v perversity_n of_o will_n disregard_n of_o virtue_n irrational_a assent_n upon_o opinionative_n ground_n pride_n and_o faction_n against_o church_n governor_n who_o will_v bind_v they_o to_o good_a principle_n and_o religious_a duty_n interest_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o or_o some_o if_o not_o most_o of_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o dissension_n at_o least_o near_o and_o more_o proper_a cause_n of_o it_o than_o religion_n itself_o the_o principle_n of_o which_o do_v oblige_v man_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o unity_n 11._o the_o second_o be_v call_v ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la which_o in_o easy_a language_n be_v the_o attempt_v to_o prove_v what_o be_v not_o in_o question_n or_o put_v upon_o our_o adversary_n to_o hold_v a_o tenet_n he_o never_o own_a nor_o hold_v as_o it_o usual_o pass_v among_o passionate_a discourse_n and_o scold_n when_o they_o object_n to_o other_o what_o they_o neither_o hold_v nor_o think_v that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o confute_v they_o or_o render_v they_o odious_a this_o be_v avoid_v in_o dispute_n by_o state_v the_o question_n right_a and_o by_o agree_v beforehand_o in_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v as_o be_v recommend_v in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o rule_n or_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v before_o the_o dispute_n begin_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o say_v transeat_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o force_v the_o adversary_n weary_a with_o aim_v his_o blow_n amiss_o to_o recur_v to_o the_o true_a point_n and_o to_o conclude_v the_o contradictory_n to_o the_o defendant_n tenet_n which_o be_v his_o only_a duty_n and_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v do_v at_o first_o 12._o the_o three_o be_v beg_v the_o question_n or_o suppose_v that_o which_o shall_v have_v be_v prove_v which_o be_v manifest_o faulty_a for_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v clear_a than_o the_o conclusion_n which_o they_o can_v be_v if_o the_o proof_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v as_o unknown_a and_o obscure_a as_o be_v the_o conclusion_n itself_o as_o it_o must_v be_v if_o it_o be_v bare_o suppose_v and_o beg_v gratis_o of_o which_o fallacy_n therefore_o all_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n be_v guilty_a as_o also_o that_o fallacy_n call_v a_o ill_a enumeration_n of_o the_o part_n as_o follow_v here_o 13._o the_o four_o be_v that_o of_o a_o imperfect_a or_o incomplete_a division_n which_o happen_v wâ—en_v it_o be_v false_o pretend_v that_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n must_v be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o be_v nominate_v or_o that_o it_o must_v be_v perform_v one_o of_o the_o way_n assign_v when_o perhaps_o there_o be_v another_o way_n how_o that_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v which_o be_v never_o assign_v but_o either_o unthink_a of_o or_o neglect_v as_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v assert_v that_o motion_n must_v either_o happen_v by_o atom_n descend_v in_o a_o immense_a vacuum_n or_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o so_o much_o motion_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o matter_n at_o first_o by_o god_n and_o his_o continue_v it_o ever_o since_o when_o as_o a_o three_o way_n may_v be_v assign_v viz._n that_o a_o create_v intelligent_a be_v cause_n and_o all_o along_o continue_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o first-moved_n body_n which_o move_v the_o rest_n this_o fallacy_n be_v defeat_v by_o deny_v the_o proposition_n which_o contain_v the_o enumeration_n of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o manner_n of_o action_n and_o by_o oblige_v the_o disputant_n to_o show_v his_o division_n to_o be_v adequate_a 14._o the_o five_o be_v call_v non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n the_o bring_v a_o medium_fw-la that_o do_v not_o conclude_v or_o the_o pretend_v the_o conclusion_n follow_v from_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o can_v necessary_o infer_v it_o this_o fallacy_n if_o it_o must_v be_v call_v so_o happen_v chief_o to_o experimental_a philosopher_n who_o go_v by_o mere_a induction_n and_o lay_v no_o evident_a or_o certain_a principle_n of_o nature_n a_o priori_fw-la to_o guide_v their_o thought_n by_o but_o hypothetical_n one_o only_o do_v hence_o refund_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o nature_n into_o false-pretended_n cause_n whence_o every_o man_n who_o set_v up_o a_o new_a scheme_n do_v still_o assign_v new_a reason_n or_o cause_n according_a to_o which_o he_o strive_v to_o explicate_v nature_n and_o into_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o resolve_v all_o the_o several_a production_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o but_o why_o this_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n i_o can_v comprehend_v at_o this_o rate_n every_o argument_n that_o do_v not_o conclude_v may_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n whoever_o argue_v ill_a argue_v fallacious_o and_o assign_v a_o wrong_a cause_n by_o produce_v a_o incompetent_a medium_fw-la but_o in_o case_n the_o disputant_n put_v it_o upon_o the_o defendant_n to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o ground_n as_o he_o never_o mean_v it_o be_v then_o enough_o to_o deny_v it_o and_o put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v indeed_o his_o ground_n as_o be_v pretend_v 15._o the_o five_o be_v the_o argue_n from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o divide_a sense_n as_o if_o it_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_v sense_n or_o conjoint_o or_o from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_n sense_n or_o conjoint_o to_o infer_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o a_o divide_a sense_n example_n of_o the_o former_a be_v this_o he_o that_o be_v actual_o sit_v may_v walk_v peter_n be_v actual_o sit_v therefore_o peter_n actual_o sit_v or_o while_o he_o sit_v may_v walk_v where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o sit_v and_o walk_v be_v take_v divisive_o and_o mean_v that_o he_o who_o sit_v
the_o entire_a thing_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o the_o essential_a form_n have_v many_o accidental_a form_n or_o modification_n in_o it_o which_o be_v also_o true_o intrinsical_v to_o the_o thing_n though_o not_o essential_a to_o it_o which_o form_n be_v compound_v with_o the_o entire_a thing_n as_o with_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o they_o for_o example_n we_o say_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v round_o hard_a long_o green_n and_o such_o like_a and_o therefore_o since_o wood_n have_v in_o it_o beside_o it_o be_v essential_a form_n these_o accidental_a form_n of_o hardness_n length_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o real_a composition_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v a_o complete_a ens_fw-la and_o their_o subject_n with_o these_o superven_a form_n because_o the_o thing_n have_v real_o in_o it_o what_o ground_n and_o answer_n to_o all_o these_o several_a conception_n farther_o say_v they_o there_o be_v consequent_o a_o real_a divisibility_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o these_o additional_a form_n in_o regard_n the_o cause_n in_o nature_n can_v work_v upon_o and_o change_v the_o wood_n according_a to_o its_o length_n roundness_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o not_o change_v the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o wood._n therefore_o say_v the_o peripatetic_n the_o wood_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a can_v be_v change_v according_a to_o these_o accidental_a form_n that_o be_v there_o may_v be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o it_o according_a to_o those_o accidental_a notion_n or_o nature_n though_o it_o remain_v substantial_o and_o essential_o the_o same_o and_o since_o the_o form_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o it_o be_v intrinsical_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a hence_o say_v they_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o formal_a mutation_n be_v also_o intrinsical_a or_o a_o change_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o somewhat_o that_o be_v true_o conceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o 8._o i_o expect_v that_o all_o this_o discourse_n will_v look_v like_o gibberish_n to_o the_o corpuscularian_o who_o thought_n beat_v upon_o nothing_o but_o upon_o particle_n thus_o figure_v move_v and_o situate_v and_o all_o the_o while_o they_o read_v this_o they_o will_v be_v conceit_v how_o dextrous_o all_o this_o may_v be_v explicate_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o their_o hypothesis_n and_o therefore_o how_o needless_a it_o be_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o abstruse_a speculation_n as_o be_v those_o about_o matter_n and_o essential_a form_n that_o be_v intrinsical_v and_o especial_o to_o such_o unintelligible_a point_n as_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v their_o patience_n to_o suspend_v their_o thought_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o formal_a mutation_n which_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o get_v to_o what_o we_o be_v now_o about_o be_v bare_o to_o declare_v and_o lay_v open_a the_o scheme_n of_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n rest_v confident_a that_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n the_o main_a point_n we_o have_v undertake_v will_v be_v force_v upon_o they_o with_o such_o evidence_n that_o it_o will_v be_v unavoidable_o necessary_a to_o admit_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o aristotelian_o with_o so_o less_o assurance_n than_o they_o use_v confidence_n do_v peremptory_o challenge_v their_o thought_n and_o bring_v they_o as_o witness_n against_o themselves_o if_o ever_o they_o reflect_v on_o the_o common_a rudiment_n of_o true_a logic_n and_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o thus_o 9_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o we_o can_v have_v science_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o discourse_n discourse_v that_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o most_o evident_a discourse_n be_v those_o we_o call_v syllogism_n that_o syllogism_n be_v resolve_v into_o proposition_n and_o proposition_n into_o two_o term_n and_o a_o copula_fw-la that_o connect_v they_o that_o all_o that_o we_o can_v say_v of_o those_o part_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v that_o they_o be_v notion_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o that_o therefore_o all_o discourse_n be_v build_v on_o the_o right_n put_v together_o of_o these_o notion_n and_o can_v be_v build_v on_o nothing_o else_o nor_o make_v on_o any_o other_o fashion_n that_o no_o discourse_n can_v be_v solid_a but_o what_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o without_o which_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v airy_a and_o chimerical_a and_o impossible_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n that_o for_o this_o reason_n our_o notion_n which_o ground_n all_o our_o discourse_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o exist_v spiritual_o in_o our_o understanding_n that_o our_o operation_n of_o apprehend_v judge_a and_o discourse_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v immanent_a or_o perform_v and_o perfect_v within_o we_o the_o object_n of_o those_o operation_n or_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n must_v be_v likewise_o within_o we_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o experience_n that_o we_o do_v make_v diverse_a conception_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n be_v build_v on_o those_o partial_a and_o inadequate_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o we_o be_v to_o discourse_n that_o we_o can_v frame_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o abstract_a or_o partial_a notion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o many_o of_o they_o intrinsical_v one_o that_o therefore_o that_o thing_n must_v have_v in_o it_o what_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o several_a notion_n which_o we_o call_v formal_a composition_n that_o hence_o there_o be_v a_o divisibility_n in_o the_o thing_n as_o ground_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n from_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o ground_v another_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n that_o natural_a cause_n be_v apt_a to_o work_v upon_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o that_o in_o it_o or_o that_o part_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v which_o be_v thus_o conceive_v and_o yet_o not_o work_v upon_o it_o according_a to_o what_o in_o it_o be_v otherwise_o conceive_v or_o to_o what_o ground_n a_o different_a notion_n whence_o they_o make_v account_n be_v infer_v this_o grand_a conclusion_n that_o therefore_o there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o regard_n it_o can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o according_a to_o that_o in_o it_o which_o correspond_v to_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n and_o not_o to_o that_o in_o it_o which_o answer_v to_o the_o notion_n of_o matter_n whence_o follow_v avoidable_a that_o there_o be_v formal_a composition_n divisibility_n and_o mutation_n in_o it_o as_o be_v above_o explain_v which_o conclusion_n must_v necessary_o follow_v if_o they_o allow_v as_o they_o must_v this_o method_n of_o discourse_v each_o part_n of_o which_o have_v be_v make_v good_a in_o the_o forego_n treatise_n and_o the_o aristotelian_o presume_v it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o assign_v any_o other_o that_o can_v bear_v the_o least_o show_n of_o sense_n or_o coherence_n 9_o the_o peripatetic_a school_n have_v yet_o another_o great_a exception_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_o unprincipled_a which_o be_v that_o because_o their_o scheme_n do_v not_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o our_o solid_a natural_a notion_n make_v by_o impression_n of_o the_o thing_n upon_o our_o sense_n and_o thence_o convey_v to_o the_o mind_n they_o come_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o have_v little_a regard_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n the_o only_a firm_a and_o deep-laid_a ground_n of_o all_o knowledge_n through_o which_o neglect_n have_v render_v themselves_o incapable_a of_o lay_v any_o first_o on_o self-evident_a principle_n take_v from_o our_o most_o firm_a and_o most_o radical_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o predicate_v of_o it_o according_o to_o which_o they_o may_v final_o reduce_v their_o discourse_n hence_o they_o be_v force_v to_o coin_n to_o themselves_o principle_n from_o their_o own_o wit_n and_o fancy_n out_o of_o which_o they_o contrive_v certain_a hypothesis_n which_o grant_v they_o hope_v they_o can_v make_v some_o congruous_a explication_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v their_o system_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v ground_v on_o such_o suppose_a principle_n be_v mere_o conditional_a or_o hypothetical_n whence_o they_o not_o only_o disable_v themselves_o from_o conclude_v any_o thing_n or_o advance_v science_n but_o instead_o of_o do_v this_o which_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o philosopher_n they_o breed_v a_o utter_a despair_n of_o it_o and_o introduce_v mere_a scepticism_n to_o pursue_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o be_v not_o our_o task_n at_o present_a nor_o suit_n it_o with_o our_o intend_a brevity_n good_a 10._o yet_o to_o show_v the_o justice_n of_o this_o objection_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o remark_n at_o present_a that_o neither_o do_v epicurus_n regard_v the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o his_o plenum_fw-la or_o atom_n or_o go_v about_o to_o show_v why_o they_o must_v be_v so_o infractil_o
a_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n because_o it_o can_v and_o do_v exist_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la from_o all_o the_o other_o atom_n for_o otherwise_o all_o his_o several_a atom_n may_v be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o one_o atom_n which_o be_v both_o a_o flat_a contradiction_n and_o beside_o quite_o destroy_v his_o own_o hypothesis_n wherefore_o each_o atom_n must_v have_v something_o in_o it_o that_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o can_v be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o atom_n for_o that_o be_v common_a to_o they_o all_o and_o what_o be_v common_a to_o all_o can_v distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o and_o if_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o each_o atom_n that_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la then_o essence_n be_v that_o which_o formal_o constitute_v a_o ens_fw-la it_o give_v it_o a_o distinct_a essence_n or_o distinguish_v it_o essential_o which_o be_v what_o the_o aristotelian_o mean_v by_o a_o essential_a form_n so_o that_o they_o be_v at_o unaware_o in_o despite_n of_o their_o own_o doctrine_n become_v thus_o far_o aristotelian_o 15._o to_o proceed_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o each_o atom_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v each_o atom_n be_v capable_a of_o formal_a mutation_n which_o i_o thus_o demonstrate_v whatever_o do_v not_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n be_v not_o impossible_a but_o the_o put_v each_o atom_n to_o be_v change_v another_o to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n do_v not_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n therefore_o the_o put_v each_o atom_n to_o be_v thus_o change_v be_v not_o impossible_a the_o minor_a only_o which_o can_v need_v proof_n be_v thus_o evidence_v for_o since_o a_o contradiction_n be_v no_o where_o but_o in_o our_o understanding_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contradiction_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v affirm_v and_o deny_v secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o same_o notion_n or_o respect_n in_o our_o understanding_n but_o this_o can_v be_v in_o our_o case_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o each_o atom_n as_o have_v be_v in_o the_o last_o §_o metaphysical_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o idem_n and_o diversum_fw-la be_v distinct_a notion_n that_o be_v distinct_a consideration_n regard_v or_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o atom_n be_v change_v according_a to_o one_o of_o those_o different_n regard_v or_o notion_n viz._n the_o form_n and_o not-changed_a according_a to_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o matter_n have_v not_o the_o least_o show_n of_o affirm_v and_o deny_v secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la nor_o consequent_o the_o least_o show_n of_o a_o contradiction_n wherefore_o it_o be_v evident_o demonstrable_a from_o plain_a logic_n acknowledge_v by_o all_o mankind_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a each_o atom_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o form_n or_o formal_o change_v whence_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n in_o nature_n sufficient_a to_o change_v it_o it_o will_v be_v actual_o change_v or_o break_v that_o be_v it_o will_v undergo_v such_o a_o mutation_n as_o be_v not_o only_o formal_a but_o essential_a because_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la be_v no_o more_o when_o two_o entity_n be_v make_v of_o it_o it_o remain_v then_o only_o to_o examine_v whether_o there_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n to_o work_v this_o change_n suppose_v each_o atom_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n changeable_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v 〈◊〉_d 16._o in_o order_n to_o which_o we_o be_v to_o reflect_v that_o epicurus_n put_v those_o atom_n of_o he_o to_o be_v of_o all_o imaginable_a figure_n wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v some_o of_o they_o like_o needle_n end_v in_o the_o small_a point_n that_o can_v be_v conceive_v other_o full_a of_o pore_n or_o very_o small_a hole_n into_o which_o some_o of_o these_o sharp_a point_n will_v light_v and_o the_o more_o bulky_a part_n of_o the_o atom_n not_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v it_o that_o point_n will_v remain_v wedge_v in_o that_o poor_a or_o cavity_n now_o this_o point_n of_o the_o atom_n may_v be_v so_o almost_o infinite_o slender_n that_o the_o least_o impulse_n of_o other_o atom_n crowd_v and_o press_v upon_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v it_o much_o more_o when_o it_o happen_v as_o it_o needs_o must_v that_o the_o vast_a weight_n of_o mountain_n or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v press_v with_o a_o transverse_n or_o side-motion_n upon_o that_o atom_n in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o that_o small_a point_n perhaps_o a_o million_o of_o time_n less_o than_o a_o hair_n can_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v such_o a_o stupendous_a pressure_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o atom_n make_v like_o our_o hook_n clasp_v with_o another_o hook_a one_o when_o a_o very_a strong_a divulsive_a force_n able_a to_o rend_v rock_n asunder_o tear_n the_o compound_v several_a way_n as_o when_o mine_n of_o gunpowder_n blow_v up_o castle_n or_o mountain_n wherefore_o since_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o atom_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v break_v that_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v intrinsical_o or_o formal_o change_v and_o there_o be_v cause_n sufficient_a to_o break_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o whatever_o epicurus_n do_v extravagant_o and_o against_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n suppose_v his_o atom_n will_v be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la break_v that_o be_v two_o entity_n will_v be_v make_v anew_o and_o the_o unity_n that_o be_v the_o entity_n of_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la or_o atom_n will_v be_v destroy_v and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v not_o only_o intrinsical_v but_o essential_a that_o be_v the_o great_a of_o formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o his_o atom_n 17._o the_o same_o be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o mutation_n itself_o thing_n and_o the_o effect_n it_o cause_v in_o our_o understanding_n i_o discourse_v thus_o our_o word_n express_v our_o notion_n and_o our_o notion_n unless_o they_o be_v fictitious_a be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n wherefore_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o change_n or_o other_o in_o the_o thing_n our_o notion_n and_o consequent_o our_o expression_n and_o denomination_n must_v still_o be_v the_o same_o but_o when_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o atom_n be_v make_v in_o the_o vacuum_n we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o speak_v of_o it_o or_o denominate_v it_o diverse_o and_o to_o say_v it_o be_v now_o here_o now_o there_o or_o in_o another_o place_n than_o it_o be_v before_o for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v true_o to_o be_v move_v local_o if_o it_o do_v not_o change_v place_n there_o must_v then_o be_v some_o novelty_n or_o some_o change_n in_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o to_o ground_v this_o new_a notion_n which_o cause_v this_o new_a denomination_n themselves_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o vacuum_n and_o shall_v they_o say_v so_o it_o will_v be_v perfect_a nonsense_n for_o the_o vacuum_n be_v nothing_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o change_n therefore_o this_o novelty_n or_o change_n must_v be_v in_o the_o atom_n otherwise_o do_v all_o the_o cause_n whatever_o remain_v the_o same_o the_o same_o effect_n viz._n the_o same_o notion_n and_o the_o same_o denomination_n and_o not_o a_o different_a one_o must_v ensue_v or_o else_o there_o will_v be_v a_o effect_n viz._n this_o new_a notion_n and_o denomination_n without_o any_o cause_n which_o be_v impossible_a wherefore_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o must_v be_v formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o the_o atom_n 17._o perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v for_o such_o discourser_n think_v they_o have_v give_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n if_o they_o can_v but_o give_v we_o a_o new_a word_n there_o be_v only_o a_o extrinsical_a change_n make_v by_o the_o application_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o atom_n to_o different_a part_n of_o the_o vacuum_n incompetent_a but_o first_o a_o vacuum_n can_v have_v no_o part_n much_o less_o any_o difference_n of_o part_n next_o a_o extrinsical_a change_n be_v a_o most_o improper_a expression_n and_o signify_v a_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v and_o yet_o no_o change_n in_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o shall_v admit_v those_o word_n yet_o themselves_o must_v say_v a_o extrinsical_a change_n mean_n or_o imply_v a_o change_n in_o some_o extrinsical_a thing_n which_o be_v realy_a and_o intrinsical_o change_v and_o which_o by_o be_v thus_o change_v give_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o another_o thing_n which_o be_v all_o they_o can_v mean_v by_o these_o word_n extrinsical_a change_n as_o when_o the_o wall_n be_v extrinsical_o denominated_a see_v from_o the_o act_n of_o my_o see_v power_n my_o eye_n be_v intrinsical_o change_v by_o have_v that_o act_n and_o thence_o give_v that_o extrinsical_a denomination_n
motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o instant_a begin_v or_o if_o they_o mean_v only_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o one_o actual_a whole_a not_o to_o pose_v they_o by_o what_o virtue_n those_o potential_a part_n do_v formal_o cohere_v which_o without_o make_v divisibility_n which_o be_v quantitative_a unity_n or_o continuity_n the_o essence_n of_o quantity_n be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v the_o question_n return_v and_o we_o demand_v how_o firm_o those_o part_n do_v cling_v together_o that_o be_v how_o dense_n that_o whole_o be_v and_o in_o what_o its_o density_n consist_v which_o we_o affirm_v must_v have_v be_v either_o in_o its_o intrinsical_a nature_n or_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o be_v in_o its_o be_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n more_o or_o less_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n or_o in_o nothing_o again_o if_o density_n consist_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n and_o there_o be_v most_o perfect_a rest_n before_o there_o be_v any_o motion_n than_o the_o density_n of_o it_o must_v have_v surpass_v all_o degree_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o epicurus_n his_o atom_n that_o be_v insuperable_o and_o essential_o incapable_a of_o be_v divide_v which_o they_o must_v not_o say_v who_o make_v their_o element_n make_v by_o the_o rub_v of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n against_o the_o other_o beside_o in_o thaâ—_n supposition_n god_n as_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n have_v offer_v violence_n to_o his_o own_o creation_n by_o divide_v it_o immediate_o at_o first_o last_o that_o matter_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a to_o be_v move_v or_o not-moved_a that_o be_v indifferent_a to_o rest_n or_o motion_n for_o be_v and_o extension_n abstract_a from_o both_o whereas_o in_o our_o case_n density_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v have_v it_o be_v rare_a be_v natural_a to_o it_o and_o not_o adventitious_a or_o accidental_a by_o the_o operation_n of_o external_n cause_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v indifferent_a to_o it_o since_o every_o thing_n necessary_o require_v what_o be_v natural_a to_o itself_o nor_o be_v a_o thing_n mere_o by_o its_o be_v in_o rest_n of_o another_o nature_n to_o understand_v this_o more_o clear_o let_v we_o consider_v this_o proposition_n that_o thing_n call_v the_o first_o matter_n be_v in_o rest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n or_o intrinsecal_n quality_n of_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v inquire_v to_o which_o supervene_v that_o accidental_a predicate_v of_o be_v in_o rest._n wherefore_o to_o be_v in_o rest_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o intrinsecal_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n but_o presuppose_v they_o and_o therefore_o all_o its_o intrinsecal_n must_v have_v belong_v to_o it_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n whether_o it_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v in_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n 22._o density_n then_o in_o their_o first_o matter_n can_v be_v explicate_v by_o rest_n nor_o consequent_o mutation_n rarity_n by_o motion_n let_v we_o search_v then_o far_o in_o what_o we_o can_v conceive_v it_o to_o consist_v or_o how_o it_o may_v be_v explicate_v now_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o all_o particular_a nature_n or_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v explicate_v by_o more_o common_a and_o general_a one_o if_o we_o go_v to_o work_v like_o philosopher_n for_o all_o ground_n and_o principle_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v common_a or_o universal_a one_o and_o to_o explicate_v particular_n by_o other_o particular_n be_v the_o way_n of_o proceed_v by_o similitude_n which_o may_v serve_v sometime_o to_o elucidate_n but_o never_o to_o prove_v or_o to_o resolve_v any_o thing_n or_o notion_n into_o its_o formal_a cause_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o philosopher_n we_o find_v then_o abstract_v fâ—om_a rest_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v accidental_a to_o that_o matter_n no_o notion_n or_o nature_n in_o it_o that_o can_v be_v superior_a to_o density_n and_o rarity_n but_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o that_o be_v that_o thing_n itself_o call_v the_o first_o matter_n and_o its_o quantity_n and_o quantity_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o affect_v the_o body_n mere_o in_o order_n to_o its_o self_n or_o else_o in_o order_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o may_v work_v upon_o it_o the_o former_a we_o call_v extension_n the_o latter_a divisibility_n physical_o consider_v now_o density_n can_v any_o way_n be_v explicate_v by_o extension_n as_o that_o in_o which_o it_o consist_v as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o regard_n a_o body_n may_v be_v equal_o extend_v whether_o it_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n therefore_o rare_a or_o denser_n because_o it_o be_v long_o or_o shorter_n let_v we_o apply_v then_o our_o consideration_n to_o divisibility_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n speak_v off_o late_o viz._n as_o make_v its_o subject_a apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o or_o divide_v by_o natural_a cause_n and_o the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o every_o common_a notion_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o very_a notion_n and_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o mankind_n that_o we_o call_v those_o body_n dense_n which_o be_v less_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v or_o less_o divisible_a and_o those_o rare_a which_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v we_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o find_v out_o clear_o what_o rarity_n and_o density_n do_v consist_v in_o viz._n rarity_n in_o a_o excess_n or_o great_a proportion_n of_o quantity_n thus_o consider_v to_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o it_o and_o density_n in_o a_o lesser_a proportion_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o the_o subject_a of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o as_o matter_n nor_o do_v this_o more_o strain_v our_o reason_n to_o conceive_v this_o various_a participation_n of_o the_o same_o accident_n quantity_n than_o it_o do_v to_o conceive_v a_o thing_n to_o partake_v the_o quality_n of_o whiteness_n unequal_o and_o be_v more_o or_o less_o white_a for_o that_o maxim_n of_o quantitas_fw-la non_fw-la suscipit_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la be_v mean_v evident_o of_o extension_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o least_o imaginable_a extension_n be_v add_v or_o abstract_v from_o the_o former_a must_v necessary_o vary_v the_o species_n 23._o that_o we_o may_v bear_v up_o more_o direct_o to_o our_o main_a thesis_n since_o rarity_n another_o or_o else_o density_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o their_o first_o matter_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v at_o all_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n but_o it_o must_v be_v either_o easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a by_o they_o if_o we_o join_v to_o this_o that_o contraria_fw-la according_a to_o the_o maxim_n sunt_fw-la circa_fw-la idem_fw-la subjectum_fw-la it_o will_v and_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n whether_o they_o or_o we_o that_o have_v a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v less_o divisible_a or_o dense_n have_v also_o a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o rare_a and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o matter_n itself_o but_o also_o in_o every_o particular_a body_n in_o nature_n make_v of_o it_o and_o which_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o matter_n in_o it_o whence_o result_v this_o conclusion_n that_o rare_a body_n be_v transmutable_a into_o dense_n and_o dense_n into_o rare_a and_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o body_n according_a to_o these_o two_o primary_n quality_n and_o consequent_o according_a to_o all_o secondary_a quality_n too_o which_o as_o will_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o physics_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o primary_n one_o so_o that_o most_o of_o the_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o formal_a mutation_n nor_o consequent_o can_v nature_n be_v ever_o right_o explicate_v by_o the_o denier_n of_o such_o a_o formal_a change_n 24._o let_v it_o be_v well_o note_v that_o i_o speak_v not_o in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o contradictory_n which_o have_v no_o middle_a between_o they_o and_o therefore_o can_v have_v the_o same_o matter_n or_o subject_n or_o make_v it_o changeable_a from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o because_o body_n be_v divisible_a it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o subject_a can_v be_v change_v to_o indivisible_a what_o i_o discourse_n of_o and_o from_o whence_o in_o part_n i_o draw_v my_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o contrary_n which_o be_v two_o extreme_n under_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o quality_n and_o therefore_o have_v middling_a quality_n between_o both_o by_o pass_v through_o which_o as_o by_o degree_n or_o step_n the_o body_n be_v transmutable_a from_o one_o of_o they_o into_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o neither_o extreme_a be_v infinite_o such_o and_o therefore_o
have_v a_o entitative_a union_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o as_o act_n and_o power_n that_o be_v as_o matter_n and_o form_n which_o be_v the_o potential_a part_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o compound_v one_o ens_fw-la in_o regard_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n actual_o 32._o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o denier_n of_o formal_a mutation_n the_o antiperipatetick_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v perplex_v and_o render_v obscure_a the_o most_o common_a easie_n obvious_a useful_a and_o necessary_a notion_n which_o mankind_n have_v or_o can_v have_v viz._n the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o i_o can_v discern_v that_o they_o make_v their_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v one_o natural_a thing_n unless_o they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o idea_n platonica_fw-la of_o body_n exist_v indeterminate_o or_o in_o common_a for_o they_o put_v the_o form_n of_o it_o to_o be_v extension_n and_o they_o make_v this_o extension_n to_o be_v indeterminate_a that_o be_v not-particular_a that_o be_v to_o be_v extension_n in_o common_a nor_o can_v we_o learn_v of_o they_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v bare_o thus_o extend_v which_o tell_v we_o indeed_o that_o it_o have_v quantity_n but_o give_v we_o no_o light_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n nature_n or_o entity_n that_o be_v they_o never_o explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o man_n live_v can_v conceive_v a_o body_n which_o have_v neither_o figure_n or_o colour_n density_n or_o rarity_n heat_n or_o cold_a hardness_n or_o softness_n in_o it_o but_o mere_o extension_n again_o i_o can_v see_v that_o they_o put_v those_o little_a particle_n make_v by_o motion_n out_o of_o that_o matter_n to_o be_v natural_a thing_n though_o they_o do_v actual_o and_o distinct_o exist_v in_o nature_n because_o they_o make_v they_o principia_fw-la or_o elementa_fw-la rerum_fw-la naturalium_fw-la and_o the_o element_n of_o which_o thing_n be_v make_v can_v no_o more_o with_o good_a sense_n be_v call_v thing_n than_o letter_n which_o be_v the_o element_n of_o word_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v word_n the_o compound_v make_v up_o of_o those_o particle_n they_o do_v indeed_o express_o own_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n but_o by_o make_v it_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n i_o mean_v those_o particle_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a actual_a existence_n of_o its_o own_o and_o which_o be_v not_o unite_v or_o make_v one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la but_o only_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o some_o accident_n which_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o differ_v from_o it_o toto_fw-la genere_fw-la they_o can_v with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n call_v such_o a_o compound_v a_o thing_n or_o one_o thing_n whence_o according_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n we_o can_v have_v no_o clear_a light_n what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o thing_n or_o what_o the_o word_n thing_n mean_n as_o for_o our_o four_o element_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v object_v they_o either_o be_v find_v pure_a and_o out_o of_o the_o compound_v and_o then_o have_v a_o actual_a existence_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v true_o thing_n or_o they_o do_v not_o and_o then_o they_o be_v potential_a part_n of_o the_o compound_v in_o which_o they_o be_v which_o and_o only_o which_o exist_v by_o one_o actual_a existence_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o many_o as_o their_o compound_v do_v which_o make_v it_o many_o thing_n at_o least_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o will_v allow_v those_o element_n or_o particle_n to_o be_v 33._o but_o to_o give_v they_o what_o satisfaction_n we_o may_v without_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o withal_o to_o clear_a the_o true_a aristotelian_a doctrine_n from_o the_o prejudices_fw-la take_v from_o the_o bad_a speculation_n of_o those_o schoolman_n who_o make_v accident_n so_o many_o little_a entity_n distinct_a from_o substance_n we_o will_v confess_v that_o many_o of_o those_o form_n we_o call_v quality_n be_v effluium_n or_o particle_n send_v out_o from_o other_o body_n which_o while_o they_o transient_o affect_v that_o body_n on_o which_o they_o light_v they_o retain_v their_o own_o distinct_a entity_n and_o be_v call_v the_o particle_n or_o virtue_n of_o the_o emittent_a body_n affect_v another_o body_n that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o but_o when_o they_o gain_v a_o permanency_n there_o and_o by_o continuity_n of_o quantity_n or_o similitude_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n they_o come_v to_o be_v natural_o unite_v to_o it_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a operation_n they_o lose_v their_o actual_a entity_n and_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v former_o and_o become_v a_o potential_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o and_o exist_v and_o subsist_v in_o it_o and_o 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