Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	england_n	king_n	1,855	5	3.7946	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90222	Observations upon the Provinces United. And on the state of France. Written by Sr Thomas Overbury.; Sir Thomas Overbury his observations in his travailes upon the state of the Xvii. Provinces as they stood anno Dom. 1609.	Overbury, Thomas, Sir, 1581-1613.; Pass, Simon van de, 1595?-1647, engraver.	1650 (1650)	Wing O609; Thomason E1317_4; ESTC R203062	13,450	85

own without oppressing their Subjects But at this day though the Revenue be thus great and the taxes unsupportable yet do they little more then serve for necessary publick uses For the King of Spain's greatnesse and Neighbourhood forceth the King there to live continually upon his Guard and the treasure which the Spaniard receives from his Indies constraines him to raise his Revenue thus by Taxes so to be able in some proportion to bear up against him for feare else hee should be bought out of all his Confederates and servants For the relation of this State to others It is first to be considered that this part of Christendome is ballanced betwixt the three Kings of Spain France and England as the other part betwixt the Russian the Kings of Poland Sweden and Denmarke For as for Germany which if it were entirely subject to one Monarchy would be terrible to all the rest so being divided betwixt so many Princes and those of so equall power it serves only to ballance it selfe and entertaine easie Warre with the Turke while the Persian with-holds him in a greater And every one of those first three hath his particular strength and his particular weaknesse Spaine hath the advantage of both the rest in Treasure but is defective in Men his Dominions are scattered and the conveyance of his Treasure from the Indies lyes obnoxious to the power of any Nation that is stronger by Sea France abounds with Men lyes close together and hath mony sufficiently England being an Iland is hard to be Invaded abounds with men but wants money to imploy them For their particular weaknesse Spain is to be kept busie in the Low-Countreys France is to bee afflicted with Protestants and England in Ireland England is not able to subsist against any of the other hand to hand but joyned with the Low-Countreys it can give Law to both by Sea and joyned with either of them two it is able to oppresse the third as Henry the Eighth did Now the only entire body in Christendome that makes head against the Spanish Monarchy is France and therefore they say in France that the day of the ruine of France is the Eve of the ruine of England And thereupon England hath ever since the Spanish greatnesse inclined rather to maintain France then to ruine it as when King Francis was taken prisoner the King of England lent Money towards the payment of his Ransome And the late Queen when the Leaguers after the of Duke Guise his death had a designe to Cantonize France though offered a part would not consent So then this reason of State of mutuall preservation conjoyning them England may be counted a sure confederate of France and Holland by reason it partly subsists by it the Protestant Princes of Germany because they have Countenance from it against the house of Austria the Protestant Swissers for Religion and Money the Venetians for protection against the Spaniard in Italy so that all their friends are either Protestants or en clining and whosoever is extream Catholick is their enemy and Factors for the Spanish Monarchy as the Pope the Cardinalls for the most part and totally the Jesuites the hatholick Princes of Germany and the Catholicks of England and Ireland For the Jesuites which are the Ecclesiasti call strength of Christendome France notwithstanding the many late Obligations hath cause to despaire of them for they intending as one Pope so one King to suppresse the Protestants and for the better support of Christendome against the Turke and seeing Spaine the likelier to bring this to passe they follow the neerer probability of effecting their end No addition could make France so dangerous to us as that of our Low-Countreys for so it were worse then if the Spaniard himselfe had them entirely As for their hopes of regaining Italy it concerns the Spaniard immediately rather then us Concerning the state of the Protestants in France during Peace they are protected by their Edict For their two Agents at Court defend the Generall from wrong and their Chambres-impartyes every particular person And if troubles should arise some scattered particulars might be in danger but the main body is safe safe to defend themselves though all France joyne against them and if it break out into Factions the safest because they are both ready and united The particulars of their strength are first their Townes of surety two of which command the River of Loyre Secondly their Situation the greatest part of them lying neer together as Poictou Zaingtongue High Gascoigne Languedoc and Daulphine neer the Sea so consequently fit to receive succours from abroad and remote from Paris so that the quality of an Army is much wasted before it can approach them The third is the sufficiency of their present Governours Bulloigne and Desdeguiers and other second Commanders And for the Princes of the Blood whom the rest may in shew without emulation obey when they come once to open action those which want a party will quickly seeke them The last is the aide they are sure of from forraigne Princes for whosoever are friends to France in generall are more particularly their friends And besides the Protestant party being growne stronger of late as the Low-Countreys and more united as England and Scotland part of that strength reflects upon them and even the King of Spain himself which is Enemy to France in generall would rather give them succour then see them utterly extirpated and yet no Forraign Prince can ever make further use of them then to disturbe France not to invade it himself For as soon as they get an Edict with better conditions they turn head against him that now succored them as they did against us at Newhaven Concerning the proportion of their number they are not above the seventeenth or eighteenth part of the people but of the Gentlemen there are 6000 of the Religion but since the Peace they have increased in people as principally in Paris Normandy and Daulphine but lost in the Gentry which losse comes to passe by reason that the King when he finds any Gent. that wil but hearken tempts him with preferment and those he finds utterly obstinate suppresseth And by such means he hath done them more harm in Peace then both his Predecessors in War For in all their Assemblies he corrupts some of their Ministers to betray their Counsel in hand and of the hundred and sixe thousands Clowns a yeer which he payes the Protestants to entertain their Ministers and pay their Garisons he hath gotten the bestowing of 16000 of them upon what Gentleman of the Religion hee pleaseth whom by that means he moderates if not gaines and besides they were wont to impose upon him their two Deputies which are to stay at Court but now he makes them propose sixe out of which he chuseth the two and by that obligeth those and by notwithstanding all this in some occasions hee makes good use of them too For as towards England hee placeth

THE LIVELY PORTRAICTURE OF SIR THOMAS OVERBURY A mans ' best fortune or his worst's a wife Yet I that knew nor mariage peace nor strife Live by a good by a bad one lost my life A wife like her I writ man scarse can wed Of a false friend like mine man scarse hath read OBSERVATIONS Upon the PROVINCES UNITED And On the STATE OF FRANCE WRITTEN By Sr Thomas Overbury LONDON Printed by T. Maxey for Richard Marriot and are to be sold at his Shop in S. Dunstan's Church-yard Fleetstreet 1651. OBSERVATIONS Upon the PROVINCES UNITED ABout the beginning of this STATE all things did most notably concurr for the Rising and Maintenance of it the disposition of the people being as mutinous so industrious and frugall The Nature of the Countrey every where Fortisiable with water the Situation of it having behinde them the Baltique Sea which yeelds them all materials for Ships and many other Commodities and for Men hard before them France and England both fearing the Spanish Greatness and therefore both concurring for their Aid the remotenesse of their Master from them the Change of Reilgion falling out about the time of their Revolt and now the Marquis of Brandenburgh a Protestant like to become Duke of Cleve The discontentments of the Low-Countries did first appear soon after the going away of the Kings of Spain while the Dutchesse of Parma Governed to suppresse which beginnings the Duke of Alva being sent inflamed them more upon attempting to bring in the Inquisition and Spanish Decimation upon the beheading Count Horne and Count Egmont persecuting those of the Religion and undertaking to build Cittadels upon all their Towns which he effected at Antwerp but enterprising the like at Flushing that Towne revolted first and under it began the War But the more generall revolt of the Provinces happened after the death of Don LEVVIS de Requiesens and upon the coming down of Don JOHN of Austria when all the Provinces excepting Luxenburgh upon the lack of Antwerp and other Insolencies proclaimed the Spaniards Rebels and enemies to the King yet the abjuring of their obedience from the Crown of Spain was not in a yeer or two after Holland and Zealand upon their first standing out offered the Soveraigntie of themselves to ELISABETH Queen of England and afterward the Protection both which shee neglected and that while the French sent greater Aid and more men of Quality then we But after the Civill Warr began in France that kept them busie at home and then the Queen seeing the necessitie of being supported upon the pawning of Brill and Flushing sent Money and Men And after that most part of the great Exploits there were done by the English who were commonly the third part of the Army being four Regiments besides eleven hundred in Flushing and the Ramekins and five hundred in the Brill But of late the King of France appearing more for them then ours and paying himself the French that were there they gave equal if not more countenance to that Nation But upon these two Kings they made their whole Dependancie and though with more respect to him that was stronger for the time yet so as it might give no distaste unto the other For the manner of their Government They have upon occasion an Assembly of the Generall States like our Parliament being composed of those which are sent from every Province upon Summons and what these enact stands for Law Then is there besides a Councell of State residing for the most part at the Hague which attends daily occasions being rather imployed upon affairs of State then of particular Justice The most potent in this Councel was BARNAVILL by reason of his Advocates with Holland And besides both these every Province and great Towne have particular Councels of their own To all which Assemblies as well of the Generall States as the rest the Gentrie is called for Order sake but the State indeed is Democraticall the Merchant and the Tradesman being predominant the Gentry now but few and poor and even at the beginning the Prince of Orange saw it safer to relie upon the Towns then them Neither are the Gentrie so much engaged in the Cause the People having more Advantages in a Free State they in a Monarchie Their care in Government is very exact and particular by reason that every one hath an immediate Interest in the State Such is the equalitie of Justice that it renders every man satisfied Such the publick Regularity as a man may see their Lawes were made to guide not to entrap Such their exactnesse in casting the expence of an Armie as that it shalt be equally far from Superfluitie and Want and as much order and certainty in their Acts of War as in ours of Peace teaching it to be both Civill and Rich And they still retaine that signe of a Common-wealth uncorrupted PRIVATE POVERTY and PUBLICK WEALE For no one private man there is exceeding rich and few very poor and no State more sumptuous in all Publick things But the Question is Whether this being a Free State will aswell subsist in Peace as it hath done hitherto in Warr Peace leaving every one to attend his particular wealth when Fear while the Warr lasts maketh them concurre for their common safety And Zealand upon the least security hath ever been envious at the Predominancy of Holland and Utrick ready to Mutinie for Religion and besides it is a doubt whether the same care and sincerity would continue if they were at their Consistence as appears yet whiles they are but in rising The Revenue of this State ariseth chiefely from the Earle of Holland's Demains and Confiscated Church Livings the rising and falling of Money which they use with much advantage their Fishing upon our Coasts and those of Norway Contribution out of the Enemies Country Taxes upon all things at home and Impositions upon all Merchandises from abroad Their expences upan their Ambassadors their Shippings their Ditches their Rampiers and Munition and commonly they have in pay by Sea and Land 60000 men For their strength The nature of the Country makes them able to defend themselves long by land neither could any thing have endangered them so much as the last great Frost had not the Treaty been then on foot because the Enemy beeing then Master of the Field that rendred their Ditches Marshes and Rivers as firm ground There belongs to that STATE 20000. Vessells of all sorts so that if the Spaniard were entirely beaten out of those parts the Kings of France and England would take as much paines to suppresse as ever they did to raise them For being our Enemies they are able to give us the Law at Sea and eate us out of all trade much more the French having at this time three Ships for our one though none so good as our best Now that whereupon the most part of their Revenue and strength depends is their Traffick in which Mystery of STATE they are at this

day the wisest for all the Commodities that this part of the world wants and the Indies have as Spice Silke Jewels Gold they are become the Conveyers of them for the rest of Christendome except us as the Venetians were of old And all those Commodities that those Northern Countries abound with and these Southerne stand in need of they likewise convey thither which was the ancient Trade of the Easterlings And this they do having little to export of their own by buying of their Neighbour Countreys the former and selling them againe what they bring back at their own prices and so consequently live upon the idlenesse of others And to this purpose their Situation serves fitly for the Rivers of the Rhene the Maze and Skeld end all in their Dominions and the Baltick Sea lies not farre from them All which affords them what ever the great Continent of Germany Russia and Poland yeelds then they again lying between Germany and the Sea doe furnish it backe with all Commodities forraign To remember some pieces of their Discipline as patterns of the rest The Watches at night are never all of one Nation so that they can hardly concurre to give up any one Towne The Commissaries are no where so strict upon Musters and where he finds a Company thither he reduceth them so that when an Army marcheth the List and the Poll are never farre disagreeing Their Army is ever well Clothed well Armed and had never yet occasion to mutiny for Pay or Victnalls The Souldiers commit no where fewer Insolencies upon the Burgers fewer Robberies upon the Country nor the Officers fewer deceits upon the Souldiers And lastly they provide well that their Generall shall have small meanes to invade their Liberties For first their Army is composed of many Nations which have their severall Commanders and the Commands are disposed by the STATES Themselves not by the Generall And secondly Hee hath never an implicite Commission left to discretion but by reason their Countrie hath no great bounds receives daily Commands what to doe Their Territory contains six entire Provinces Holland Zealand Utrick Groningen Overiscell and Friezland besides three parts of Gelderland and certaine Towns in Brabant and Flanders the ground of which is for the most part fruitfull the Towns no where so equally beautifull strong and rich which equality growes by reason that they appropriate some one Staple Commodity to every Town of note Onely Amsterdam not onely passeth them all but even Sivil Lisbone or any Mart Towne in Christendome And to it is appropriated the Trade of the East Indies where they maintain commonly forty Ships besides which there go twice a year from it and the adjoining Townes a great Fleete to the Baltique Sea Upon the fall of Antwerp that rose rather then Meddleborough though it stand at the same River's mouth and is their second Mart Towne to which is appropriated our English Cloth Concerning the people they are neither much devout nor much wicked given all to Drink and eminently to no other vice hard in bargaining but just surly and respectlesse as in all Democracies thirsty industrious and cleanly disheartned upon the least ill successe and insolent upon good inventive in Manufactures cunning in Traffick and generally for matter of Action that naturall slownesse of theirs sutes better by reason of that advisednesse and perseverance it brings with it then the rashnesse and changeablenesse of the French and Florentine Wits and the equality of spirits which is among them and the Swissers renders them so fit for a Democracy which kinde of Government Nations of more stable wits being once come to a Consistent Greatnesse have seldome long endured Observatoins on the State of the Arch-Dukes Countrey AS soon as I entred into the Arch-Dukes Countrey which begins after Lillow presently I beheld works of a Province and those of a Province distressed with War the people heartlesse and rather repining against their Governors then revengfull against the Enemies the bravery of that Gentry which was left and the Industry of the Merchant quite decayed the Husbandman labouring onely to live without desire to be rich to another's use the Towns whatsoever concerned not the strength of them ruinous And to conclude the people here growing poor with lesse Taxes then they flourish with on the States side This War hath kept the King of Spain busie ever since it began and spending all the Mony that the Indies and all the Men that Spain and Italie could afford hath withdrawn him from persevering in any other Enterprize Neither could hee give over this without forgoing the means to undertake any thing hereafter upon France or England and consequently the hope of the Westerne Monarchie For without that handle the Mines of Peru had done little hurt in these parts in comparison of what they have The cause of the expencefulnesse of it is the remocenesse of those Provinces from Spain by reason of which every souldier of Spain or Italy before hee can arrive there costs the King an hundred Crowns and not above one of ten that arrives proves good besides by reason of the distance a great part of the Money is drunk up betwixt the Officers that convey it and pay it The cause of the continuance of it is not onely the strength of the Emy but partly by reason that the Commanders themselves are content the Warre shall last so to maintain and render themselves necessaries and partly because the people of those Countries are not so eager to have the other reduced as willing to be in the like state themselves The usuall Revenue of those Provinces which the Arch-Duke hath amounts to 1200000 Crowns a year besides which there come from Spain every Month to maintain the War 150000 Crowns It was at the first 300000 Crowns a month but it fell by fifties to this at the time when the Treaty began Flanders payes more towards the warr then all the rest as Holland doth with the States There is no Spaniard of the Councell of State nor Governour of any Province but of the Councell of Warre which is only active There they only are and have in their hands all the strong Towns and Castles of those Provinces of which the Governors have but only the Title The Nations of which their Army consists are chiefly Spaniards and Italians emulous one of another there as on the other side the French and English and of the Countrey chiefly Burgundians and Wallons The Popes Letters and Spinola's inclination kept the Italians there almost in equality of Command with the Spaniard himself The Governours for the King of Spain there successively have been the Duke of Alva Don Lewis de Requiesens Don John d' Austria the Prince of Parma the Arch-Duke Ernestus the Cardinall Andrew of Austrich and the Cardinall Albert till hee married the Infanta Where the Dominion of the Arch-Duke and the States part there also changeth the nature of the Countrey that is about Antwerp For all below being