therefore_o it_o neigh_v not_o but_o such_o conclusion_n follow_v by_o chance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o syllogism_n in_o these_o syllogism_n the_o assumption_n be_v part_n of_o the_o proposition_n which_o proposition_n make_v a_o entire_a syllogism_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o word_n assumption_n be_v borrow_v from_o these_o syllogism_n because_o that_o in_o they_o the_o second_o proposition_n be_v take_v and_o assume_v out_o of_o the_o first_o the_o fourteen_o chapter_n of_o disiunctive_a syllogism_n disjunctive_a syllogism_n be_v such_o who_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o two_o disjunctive_a part_n or_o piece_n or_o which_o be_v separate_v by_o this_o particle_n or_o as_o it_o be_v day_n or_o night_n this_o number_n be_v even_o or_o odd_a as_o thus_o this_o man_n be_v dead_a or_o alive_a but_o he_o be_v dead_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a or_o else_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v not_o dead_a or_o thus_o but_o he_o be_v not_o alive_a therefore_o he_o be_v dead_a for_o those_o proposition_n be_v compound_v of_o such_o part_n the_o one_o whereof_o can_v be_v grant_v without_o overthrow_v the_o other_o nor_o can_v you_o overthrow_v the_o one_o without_o establish_v or_o grant_v the_o other_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n these_o two_o part_n must_v be_v immediate_o opposite_a so_o as_o there_o may_v be_v no_o three_o for_o example_n this_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a there_o be_v peace_n or_o war_n but_o there_o be_v no_o war_n therefore_o there_o be_v peace_n for_o there_o may_v be_v a_o truce_n in_o these_o syllogism_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v evident_a and_o without_o exception_n the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n must_v not_o be_v contradictory_n but_o must_v be_v either_o contrary_n or_o privative_n or_o relative_n for_o example_n if_o i_o argue_v thus_o this_o line_n be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a but_o it_o be_v straight_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o crooked_a this_o argument_n be_v clear_a and_o certain_a but_o if_o i_o argue_v thus_o philip_n be_v wise_a or_o unwise_a but_o he_o be_v unwise_a from_o thence_o we_o can_v draw_v no_o conclusion_n that_o may_v have_v any_o likelihood_n of_o reason_n ¶_o the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o masterpiece_n of_o logic_n call_v demonsration_n the_o first_o chapter_n what_o science_n be_v this_o word_n science_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o one_o kind_n of_o learning_n thus_o ethic_n physics_n metaphysic_n civil_a law_n be_v call_v science_n sometime_o the_o word_n science_n signify_v only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v by_o demonstration_n and_o this_o be_v it_o whereof_o we_o purpose_v to_o treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v thus_o define_v science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a who_o proof_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n to_o have_v the_o science_n of_o a_o thing_n two_o certainty_n be_v require_v the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v certain_a of_o itself_o and_o unchangeable_a the_o second_o be_v that_o the_o persuasion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v firm_a and_o clear_a if_o either_o of_o these_o two_o certainty_n be_v want_v it_o be_v no_o science_n but_o opinion_n for_o a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o doubtful_a opinion_n of_o a_o thing_n certain_a as_o he_o that_o doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o man_n may_v have_v a_o firm_a and_o steadfast_a persuasion_n of_o that_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o false_a as_o those_o that_o suffer_v death_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o false_a religion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o know_v the_o difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n science_n be_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o a_o certain_a thing_n by_o the_o next_o cause_n opinion_n be_v a_o doubtful_a or_o false_a knowledge_n faith_n be_v a_o firm_a persuasion_n ground_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o other_o if_o a_o man_n know_v certain_o a_o thing_n because_o he_o see_v it_o or_o touch_v it_o that_o be_v neither_o call_v science_n nor_o faith_n nor_o opinion_n but_o sense_n which_o know_v only_a thing_n singular_a but_o science_n be_v of_o thing_n universal_a the_o second_o chapter_n what_o a_o demonstration_n or_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o give_v or_o bring_v certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o conclusion_n if_o we_o will_v define_v it_o more_o exact_o we_o must_v define_v it_o thus_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v that_o which_o proove_v that_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_o attribute_v unto_o the_o subject_n by_o a_o mean_a that_o must_v be_v the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o the_o say_a conclusion_n these_o two_o sort_n of_o cause_n be_v call_v external_a in_o the_o chapter_n of_o cause_n above_o mention_v because_o they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o effect_n nor_o of_o the_o thing_n compound_v though_o sometime_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o subject_n as_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o man_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o gold_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o in_o these_o example_n the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v in_o the_o same_o subject_n the_o three_o chapter_n what_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a such_o question_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o substance_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o substance_n have_v no_o certain_a efficient_a cause_n proper_a unto_o they_o for_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v a_o universal_a cause_n common_a to_o all_o thing_n and_o by_o consequent_a it_o can_v be_v no_o mean_a in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n again_o such_o question_n or_o conclusion_n wherein_o the_o attribute_n be_v a_o mutable_a or_o casual_a accident_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n because_o these_o accident_n have_v no_o certain_a and_o assure_a cause_n as_o philip_n be_v rich_a bucephalus_n halt_v but_o those_o question_n be_v demonstrable_a who_o attribute_n be_v a_o proper_a and_o immutable_a accident_n whereof_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n may_v be_v give_v for_o example_n these_o question_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o demonstration_n a_o transparent_a body_n be_v without_o colour_n eunuch_n be_v never_o bald_a fix_a star_n do_v twinkle_n the_o moon_n suffer_v obscurity_n of_o all_o estate_n oligarchie_n be_v the_o most_o subject_a to_o civil_a war_n line_n parallel_v never_o meet_v all_o body_n compound_v of_o element_n be_v corruptible_a under_o the_o scorch_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o hot_a for_o the_o next_o efficient_a or_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o attribute_n of_o these_o question_n may_v be_v give_v the_o four_o chapter_n what_o the_o proposition_n of_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o demonstration_n must_v consist_v of_o necessary_a proposition_n among_o which_o those_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a which_o be_v call_v immediate_a there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o immediate_a proposition_n that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o as_o be_v without_o any_o middle_n for_o some_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o other_o be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v when_o the_o attribute_n agree_v next_o of_o all_o and_o immediate_o to_o the_o subject_n so_o as_o a_o near_a subject_n can_v be_v give_v in_o such_o proposition_n the_o attribute_n agree_v with_o the_o subject_n because_o it_o be_v such_o a_o subject_n for_o example_n if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n have_v sense_n this_o attribute_n agree_v not_o next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n for_o there_o be_v a_o near_a subject_n namely_o a_o animal_n unto_o the_o which_o sense_n belong_v but_o if_o i_o say_v that_o a_o horse_n neigh_v this_o agree_v next_o and_o immediate_o to_o a_o horse_n as_o he_o be_v a_o horse_n and_o not_o by_o reason_n of_o any_o other_o near_a subject_n immediate_a proposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v when_o a_o attribute_n be_v so_o near_o join_v to_o the_o subject_n as_o that_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n can_v be_v yield_v why_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o for_o example_n here_o be_v a_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n have_v touch_v every_o animal_n have_v a_o sensitive_a soul_n therefore_o every_o animal_n have_v touch_v in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o conclusion_n be_v immediate_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o subject_n but_o not_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n for_o in_o this_o syllogism_n the_o mean_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n but_o the_o two_o proposition_n be_v immediate_a both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o also_o of_o the_o subject_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v as_o a_o cause_n of_o
and_o to_o make_v it_o receive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n of_o action_n some_o be_v natural_a as_o the_o pant_a of_o the_o heart_n the_o motion_n of_o a_o stone_n downward_o other_o be_v voluntary_a as_o to_o buy_v to_o sell_v to_o paint_v to_o fence_v which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o do_v without_o the_o help_n of_o nature_n other_o be_v mix_v that_o be_v to_o say_v partly_o natural_a partly_o voluntary_a as_o to_o eat_v to_o walk_v to_o run_v which_o indeed_o be_v natural_a action_n but_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o will_n violent_a action_n and_o against_o nature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o natural_a action_n as_o the_o throwing_z of_o a_o stone_n upward_o but_o those_o be_v contrary_a to_o voluntary_a action_n which_o be_v call_v force_v or_o constrain_v as_o to_o be_v pull_v or_o hale_v into_o prison_n there_o be_v certain_a action_n that_o be_v partly_o voluntary_a partly_o force_v as_o when_o a_o merchant_n cast_v his_o merchandise_n into_o the_o sea_n to_o ease_v the_o ship_n or_o when_o a_o patient_n cause_v his_o arm_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o natural_a action_n and_o motion_n be_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n as_o the_o fall_n of_o a_o stone_n downward_o the_o voluntary_a action_n be_v swift_a in_o the_o midst_n as_o running_z the_o violent_a be_v swift_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o the_o cast_n of_o a_o stone_n or_o shoot_v of_o a_o arrow_n every_o action_n import_v a_o certain_a motion_n if_o the_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o substance_n it_o be_v call_v generation_n or_o corruption_n if_o in_o the_o quantity_n it_o be_v call_v augmentation_n or_o diminution_n if_o in_o the_o quality_n it_o be_v call_v alteration_n if_o in_o the_o place_n it_o be_v call_v local_a motion_n or_o transportation_n there_o be_v no_o generation_n without_o corruption_n nor_o no_o corruption_n without_o generation_n but_o we_o call_v it_o generation_n when_o the_o matter_n take_v a_o better_a form_n and_o corruption_n when_o it_o pass_v into_o a_o worse_a the_o local_a motion_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o motion_n without_o which_o the_o rest_n move_v not_o at_o all_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v no_o other_o motion_n belong_v to_o the_o heaven_n where_o motion_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o other_o motion_n as_o well_o in_o substance_n as_o in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n the_o heaven_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v rest_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n do_v change_n place_n even_o as_o a_o top_n that_o sleep_v turn_v the_o table_n of_o action_n action_n be_v natural_a voluntary_a mixt._n violent_a the_o table_n of_o motion_n motion_n be_v on_o the_o substance_n and_o be_v call_v generation_n corruption_n quantity_n and_o be_v call_v augmentation_n diminution_n quality_n and_o be_v call_v alteration_n place_n and_o be_v call_v transport_v or_o local-motion_n the_o nine_o chapter_n of_o suffer_v or_o passion_n to_o suffer_v be_v to_o receive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n there_o be_v as_o many_o kind_n of_o suffer_v as_o of_o do_v oftentimes_o the_o agent_n do_v suffer_v in_o act_v as_o when_o a_o man_n roll_a a_o weighty_a stone_n tire_v himself_o and_o sweat_v or_o when_o a_o man_n hurt_v his_o tooth_n in_o crack_v a_o nut._n the_o agent_n do_v not_o suffer_v when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o activity_n of_o the_o patient_n as_o the_o sun_n shine_v on_o the_o water_n receive_v not_o the_o brightness_n which_o the_o water_n send_v we_o back_o because_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o extent_n which_o limit_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o beam_n send_v back_o again_o by_o the_o water_n god_n act_v always_o and_o every_o where_o but_o never_o suffer_v there_o be_v verb_n actives_a in_o grammar_n which_o be_v passive_n in_o philosophy_n as_o to_o love_v to_o hear_v to_o learn_v for_o all_o these_o be_v passion_n and_o be_v do_v by_o receive_v on_o the_o contrary_a he_o which_o be_v love_v or_o hear_v be_v he_o that_o act_v &_o move_v the_o lover_n and_o the_o hearer_n there_o be_v some_o passion_n perfect_v and_o other_o which_o be_v corrupt_v as_o the_o enlighten_v in_o the_o air_n the_o receive_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o understanding_n or_o of_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o sight_n be_v passion_n which_o bring_v some_o perfection_n to_o the_o air_n to_o the_o understanding_n and_o to_o the_o sight_n the_o corrupt_a passion_n be_v such_o as_o will_v destroy_v the_o patient_n if_o they_o do_v continue_v their_o increase_n or_o do_v increase_v above_o measure_n as_o heat_a cool_a wearisomeness_n the_o perfect_a passion_n be_v those_o which_o perfect_a a_o faculty_n or_o natural_a power_n and_o give_v it_o that_o perfection_n for_o the_o which_o god_n do_v create_v it_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o where_o where_o be_v not_o the_o place_n itself_o but_o it_o be_v a_o designation_n or_o a_o note_n of_o some_o certain_a place_n for_o place_n be_v a_o quantity_n and_o a_o space_n that_o may_v be_v measure_v but_o the_o where_o can_v be_v measure_v when_o a_o man_n put_v forth_o a_o question_n touch_v the_o place_n the_o demand_n be_v by_o how_o much_o as_o for_o example_n how_o much_o place_n do_v such_o a_o body_n take_v up_o but_o here_o the_o question_n be_v by_o where_o or_o whither_o as_o where_o be_v the_o king_n and_o whither_o go_v you_o concern_v body_n the_o question_n may_v be_v ask_v how_o much_o place_n they_o take_v up_o but_o concern_v angel_n and_o soul_n that_o question_n can_v be_v ask_v but_o only_o this_o where_o they_o be_v this_o be_v it_o which_o the_o philosopher_n mean_v when_o they_o say_v that_o body_n be_v in_o a_o place_n circumscriptive_o and_o soul_n definitive_o because_o soul_n be_v not_o limit_v or_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n and_o yet_o a_o man_n may_v say_v of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v here_o or_o there_o and_o not_o elsewhere_a we_o can_v say_v that_o god_n be_v in_o a_o place_n any_o of_o these_o way_n for_o he_o be_v infinite_a and_o so_o present_a in_o all_o place_n as_o he_o be_v neither_o limit_v nor_o define_v by_o any_o place_n it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v god_n be_v here_o but_o it_o can_v be_v say_v god_n be_v here_o and_o not_o there_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o when._n when_o be_v not_o the_o time_n itself_o but_o it_o be_v a_o designation_n or_o a_o note_n of_o a_o certain_a time_n as_o yesterday_o to_o day_n to_o morrow_n etc._n etc._n when_o we_o speak_v of_o time_n and_o of_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o the_o question_n be_v by_o how_o long_o as_o how_o long_o live_v noah_n how_o long_o do_v the_o roman_a empire_n continue_v but_o here_o we_o ask_v by_o when_o as_o when_o shall_v we_o have_v the_o equinoxe_n when_o be_v julius_n caesar_n slay_v some_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o time_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o measure_v by_o time_n namely_o such_o as_o be_v do_v in_o a_o moment_n as_o the_o impression_n of_o a_o seal_n the_o enlighten_v of_o a_o chamber_n by_o the_o air_n at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o window_n the_o receive_n of_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o eye_n concern_v these_o thing_n we_o ask_v not_o in_o how_o long_a time_n but_o when_o they_o be_v do_v the_o twelve_o chapter_n of_o situation_n situation_n be_v a_o position_n or_o place_v of_o part_n in_o their_o whole_a whether_o the_o situation_n be_v natural_a as_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o arm_n at_o the_o shoulder_n end_n or_o voluntary_a as_o when_o we_o sit_v or_o kneel_v the_o thirteen_o chapter_n of_o habit._n by_o habit_n we_o do_v not_o understand_v garment_n for_o they_o belong_v to_o substance_n but_o we_o mean_v the_o apply_v of_o garment_n and_o other_o ornament_n about_o the_o body_n as_o to_o be_v clothe_v to_o be_v shod_a to_o have_v a_o cassock_n or_o a_o cloak_n on_o under_o these_o ten_o class_n or_o rank_n of_o thing_n be_v contain_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n and_o all_o simple_a notion_n and_o of_o these_o be_v frame_v enuntiation_n and_o argument_n or_o syllogism_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o for_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n out_o of_o which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o draw_v some_o argument_n or_o discourse_n the_o second_o book_n which_o be_v of_o the_o place_n of_o invention_n the_o first_o chapter_n how_o these_o simple_a notion_n be_v of_o use_n for_o a_o argument_n to_o show_v how_o these_o simple_a notion_n enter_v into_o a_o argument_n or_o syllogism_n and_o how_o they_o be_v of_o use_n for_o reason_v &_o discourse_n they_o must_v be_v clothe_v with_o other_o name_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v consider_v they_o not_o otherwise_o then_o as_o they_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o category_n they_o will_v never_o serve_v to_o open_v a_o discourse_n and_o to_o frame_v a_o reason_n for_o as_o it_o
nature_n which_o be_v not_o couple_v in_o word_n as_o the_o sleep_n and_o to_o slumber_v there_o be_v also_o certain_a word_n couple_v which_o notwithstanding_o for_o matter_n be_v not_o of_o necesâ—â—tie_n link_v together_o as_o buckle_v and_o a_o buckler_n now_o for_o argument_n and_o discourse_n the_o couple_a and_o affinity_n which_o be_v in_o word_n be_v of_o no_o use_n except_o there_o be_v also_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n but_o where_o the_o affinity_n of_o word_n proceed_v from_o the_o affinity_n in_o the_o thing_n we_o use_v this_o maxim_n maxim_n maxim_n to_o whosoever_o one_o of_o the_o coniugate_v or_o thing_n couple_v do_v belong_v the_o other_o also_o belong_v unto_o the_o same_o as_o he_o that_o lie_v be_v a_o liar_n and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o belong_v to_o do_v a_o just_a thing_n to_o he_o also_o belong_v justice_n and_o to_o live_v just_o and_o see_v thou_o be_v a_o knave_n thou_o must_v be_v give_v unto_o knavery_n this_o maxim_n be_v not_o without_o exception_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o example_n of_o cambyses_n who_o be_v very_o unjust_a do_v notwithstanding_o some_o just_a action_n as_o in_o that_o he_o cover_v the_o seat_n of_o justice_n with_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o unjust_a judge_n who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v flay_v as_o a_o warn_n to_o all_o that_o shall_v sit_v upon_o the_o say_a seat_n and_o so_o there_o may_v be_v a_o prince_n love_a treason_n who_o notwithstanding_o hate_v the_o traitor_n the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n a_o cause_n be_v that_o which_o bring_v forth_o a_o effect_n or_o that_o by_o which_o or_o for_o which_o any_o thing_n be_v there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o cause_n the_o material_a the_o formal_n the_o efficient_a and_o the_o final_a for_o example_n the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n be_v stone_n wood_n and_o tile_n the_o form_n be_v the_o structure_n and_o manner_n of_o building_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o place_n or_o order_v of_o the_o part_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o masterbuilder_n the_o final_a cause_n be_v for_o dwell_v or_o habitation_n the_o efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n be_v call_v externall_n because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n and_o be_v not_o part_n of_o it_o as_o the_o builder_n be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o house_n for_o suppose_v the_o builder_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o the_o house_n which_o he_o have_v build_v yet_o be_v he_o still_o a_o external_a cause_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v not_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o house_n nor_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n be_v internal_a cause_n because_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v of_o they_o material_a the_o cause_n material_a matter_n be_v that_o whereof_o the_o thing_n be_v compose_v as_o leather_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o shoe_n because_o a_o shoe_n be_v make_v of_o leather_n matter_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v call_v matter_n of_o generation_n as_o the_o seed_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o a_o tree_n slime_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o frog_n so_o water_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o ice_n the_o other_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o composition_n as_o the_o four_o element_n be_v the_o matter_n whereof_o a_o body_n be_v compose_v wood_n and_o stone_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o house_n sometime_o matter_n be_v take_v improper_o for_o the_o subject_n whereof_o we_o speak_v or_o write_v thus_o battle_n and_o love_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o book_n of_o ariost_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o occasion_n and_o subject_n whereabout_o man_n do_v labour_n and_o occupy_v himself_o as_o number_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o a_o arithmetician_n and_o danger_n and_o trouble_n be_v the_o matter_n of_o prowess_n and_o patience_n form_n be_v that_o which_o give_v be_v to_o a_o thing_n formal_n formal_n of_o form_n some_o be_v natural_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v the_o sensitive_a soul_n and_o the_o form_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v the_o faculty_n of_o see_v other_o be_v artificial_a as_o the_o form_n of_o a_o statue_n of_o a_o house_n or_o of_o a_o clock_n natural_a form_n be_v part_n of_o the_o substance_n and_o be_v multiply_v by_o generation_n but_o artificial_a form_n be_v quality_n and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n neither_o be_v they_o multiply_v by_o generation_n or_o propagation_n if_o we_o engrave_v the_o image_n of_o caesar_n upon_o a_o nut_n that_o nut_n be_v plant_v will_v bring_v forth_o fruit_n and_o nut_n but_o not_o the_o image_n of_o caesar_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o child_n be_v not_o heir_n of_o the_o learning_n or_o piety_n of_o their_o father_n the_o efficient_a efficient_a efficient_a cause_n be_v that_o by_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v as_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o day_n and_o the_o fire_n of_o burn_a and_o sickness_n of_o death_n and_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v meritorious_a as_o murder_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o punishment_n likewise_o under_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o comprehend_v the_o cause_n which_o be_v call_v defective_a as_o the_o want_n of_o sight_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o go_v astray_o and_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o night_n howsoever_o by_o nature_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o day_n all_o instrument_n both_o natural_a as_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o hand_n and_o artificial_a as_o a_o axe_n and_o a_o sword_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n efficient_a cause_n for_o though_o they_o act_n not_o by_o their_o own_o proper_a power_n yet_o they_o help_v the_o action_n and_o without_o they_o the_o natural_a action_n will_v either_o be_v weak_a or_o altogether_o hinder_v the_o final_a final_a final_a cause_n be_v that_o for_o the_o which_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v so_o the_o end_n of_o physic_n be_v to_o heal_v the_o sick_a and_o the_o end_n of_o study_n be_v to_o get_v learning_n we_o must_v wary_o distinguish_v the_o scope_n from_o the_o end_n as_o the_o scope_n of_o walk_v be_v health_n but_o the_o end_n be_v the_o last_o step_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o intention_n the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o progression_n the_o final_a cause_n may_v also_o be_v the_o formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n but_o â—n_o divers_a respect_n as_o the_o form_n of_o the_o house_n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o builder_n and_o the_o form_n of_o a_o horse_n engender_v be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o same_o horse_n and_o also_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o the_o horse_n engender_v and_o that_o which_o be_v the_o final_a cause_n iâ—_n common_o a_o effect_n as_o to_o see_v be_v the_o final_a cause_n and_o also_o the_o effect_n of_o sight_n of_o cause_n the_o final_a be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a because_o all_o the_o other_o tend_v unto_o it_o and_o serve_v it_o the_o final_a cause_n as_o it_o be_v the_o last_o in_o execution_n so_o it_o be_v the_o first_o in_o the_o intention_n efficient_a and_o final_a cause_n bring_v forth_o their_o effect_n accident_n cause_n of_o themselves_o or_o by_o accident_n either_o of_o themselves_o and_o of_o their_o own_o nature_n or_o by_o accident_n thus_o the_o sun_n give_v light_a of_o itself_o and_o of_o his_o own_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n it_o blind_v owl_n and_o the_o neigh_n of_o darius_n his_o horse_n be_v the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o his_o raise_v to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thirst_n may_v be_v a_o accidental_a cause_n to_o save_v a_o man_n out_o of_o the_o battle_n if_o be_v thirsty_a and_o go_v out_o of_o the_o army_n to_o drink_v it_o so_o happen_v that_o while_o he_o be_v a_o drink_n the_o army_n be_v sudden_o discomfit_v so_o a_o musician_n that_o build_v a_o house_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o building_n as_o he_o be_v a_o musician_n but_o as_o he_o be_v a_o architect_n or_o builder_n it_o be_v the_o same_o of_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o example_n heal_v be_v the_o proper_a end_n of_o physic_n but_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o physician_n be_v a_o accidental_a end_n the_o one_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o art_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o person_n remote_a cause_n next_z or_o remote_a again_o there_o be_v some_o next_o and_o some_o remote_a cause_n for_o example_n the_o next_o end_n of_o the_o art_n of_o a_o soldier_n be_v war_n and_o the_o remote_a be_v victory_n and_o the_o end_n more_o remote_a be_v a_o happy_a peace_n so_o the_o next_o efficient_a cause_n of_o death_n be_v sickness_n of_o sickness_n excess_n and_o of_o excess_n bad_a company_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o form_n and_o matter_n the_o next_o matter_n of_o a_o table_n be_v
a_o divide_a sense_n as_o in_o this_o proposition_n a_o man_n that_o be_v set_v may_v run_v which_o be_v true_a if_o it_o be_v mean_v at_o divers_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v mean_v at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v false_a and_o impossible_a for_o a_o man_n that_o be_v set_v can_v run_v while_o he_o be_v sit_v so_o that_o man_n be_v male_a and_o female_a be_v true_a of_o divers_a person_n but_o false_a if_o it_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o same_o person_n 4._o of_o the_o fallacy_n by_o division_n this_o fallacy_n of_o division_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a for_o this_o separate_v thing_n which_o can_v be_v true_a except_o they_o be_v join_v together_o thus_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o two_o and_o three_o make_v five_o yet_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o two_o or_o three_o be_v five_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v this_o wall_n be_v white_a therefore_o this_o wall_n be_v this_o consequence_n be_v good_a because_o to_o be_v white_a be_v a_o accident_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o but_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v philip_n be_v dead_a therefore_o philip_n be_v the_o consequence_n be_v not_o good_a because_o that_o to_o be_v dead_a be_v not_o a_o accident_n but_o a_o privation_n which_o presuppose_v that_o the_o subject_n namely_o philip_n be_v but_o now_o be_v no_o more_o whosoever_o therefore_o argue_v thus_o divide_v that_o which_o can_v be_v true_a except_o it_o be_v join_v this_o division_n may_v happen_v sometime_o in_o one_o word_n only_o as_o ingeniosus_n be_v take_v for_o one_o word_n be_v a_o commendation_n but_o divide_v into_o two_o as_o ingenio_fw-la sus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o reproach_n 5._o of_o the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o accent_n or_o pronunciation_n the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o accent_n be_v when_o a_o false_a thing_n be_v affirm_v under_o colour_n of_o pronounce_v it_o as_o another_o thing_n that_o be_v true_a for_o example_n where_o no_o ache_n be_v there_o need_v no_o salve_n in_o the_o gout_n there_o be_v no_o h._n therefore_o in_o the_o gout_n there_o need_v no_o salve_n again_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v i_o be_o hot_a be_v you_o as_o hot_a or_o i_o be_o cold_a be_v you_o as_o cold_a a_o man_n can_v distinguish_v in_o fast_o speak_v of_o it_o whether_o he_o say_v a_o sot_n in_o stead_n of_o as_o hot_a or_o a_o scold_n in_o stead_n of_o as_o cold_a but_o be_v write_v a_o man_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v this_o fallacy_n this_o fallacy_n be_v also_o commit_v when_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v positive_o be_v take_v as_o if_o it_o be_v speak_v by_o interrogation_n as_o if_o a_o man_n command_v say_v to_o another_o rest_v you_o and_o he_o take_v it_o interrogative_o shall_v answer_v no._n 6._o of_o the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n the_o fallacy_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o word_n be_v when_o from_o the_o gender_n or_o number_n of_o the_o word_n or_o because_o the_o verb_n be_v active_a or_o passive_a a_o man_n will_v infer_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v such_o for_o example_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v argue_v that_o prudence_n temperance_n or_o justice_n be_v only_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o woman_n because_o they_o be_v of_o the_o feminine_a gender_n which_o no_o way_n follow_v so_o likewise_o because_o to_o hear_v and_o to_o see_v be_v not_o passive_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o therefore_o hear_v and_o see_v be_v no_o passive_n and_o although_o i_o say_v that_o i_o have_v receive_v letter_n from_o my_o brother_n it_o follow_v not_o that_o i_o have_v receive_v more_o than_o one_o though_o the_o word_n be_v plural_a the_o second_o chapter_n of_o fallacy_n in_o the_o matter_n there_o be_v seven_o fallacy_n in_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v when_o the_o deceit_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o word_n but_o in_o the_o ignorance_n or_o disguise_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o fallacy_n be_v 1._o the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n 2._o the_o fallacy_n which_o take_v a_o thing_n as_o speak_v simple_o or_o absolute_o which_o be_v true_a only_a in_o some_o respect_n 3._o the_o suppose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n 4._o the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n 5._o the_o fallacy_n whereby_o a_o thing_n be_v take_v for_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v not_o a_o cause_n 6._o the_o fallacy_n which_o mingle_v divers_a question_n as_o if_o they_o be_v but_o one_o 7._o the_o ignorance_n of_o that_o which_o contradict_v the_o question_n the_o three_o chapter_n the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n the_o fallacy_n by_o accident_n be_v when_o from_o a_o assumption_n which_o be_v true_a only_a by_o accident_n a_o conclusion_n be_v draw_v which_o be_v absolute_a simple_a and_o without_o restraint_n as_o in_o this_o argument_n that_o which_o stir_v up_o trouble_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v pernicious_a the_o gospel_n stir_v up_o trouble_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n therefore_o the_o gospel_n be_v pernicious_a thus_o the_o sun_n darken_v the_o eyesight_n and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n harden_v the_o sinner_n whence_o if_o a_o man_n will_v infer_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o darkness_n or_o that_o the_o law_n be_v the_o câ—use_n of_o sin_n he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o fallacy_n of_o the_o accident_n for_o the_o gospel_n of_o it_o own_o nature_n stir_v up_o no_o trouble_n see_v it_o preach_v peace_n but_o man_n take_v occasion_n thereby_o to_o rise_v up_o against_o it_o neither_o do_v the_o sun_n blind_v the_o eye_n by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n when_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o weak_a eyesight_n the_o four_o chapter_n the_o fallacy_n which_o take_v a_o thing_n as_o simple_o true_a which_o be_v not_o so_o but_o only_o in_o some_o respect_n this_o fallacy_n be_v commit_v when_o one_o of_o the_o proposition_n be_v true_a only_o in_o part_n or_o in_o some_o respect_n we_o labour_v to_o draw_v from_o thence_o a_o conclusion_n to_o make_v it_o true_a at_o all_o time_n in_o all_o respect_n and_o in_o every_o part_n as_o every_o good_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v wealth_n be_v a_o good_a thing_n therefore_o wealth_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v the_o assumption_n be_v true_a in_o some_o respect_n only_o and_o to_o some_o man_n for_o riches_n be_v not_o good_a but_o to_o good_a man_n and_o to_o such_o as_o can_v use_v they_o well_o and_o so_o in_o this_o syllogism_n he_o that_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n have_v a_o beginning_n our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v bear_v of_o a_o woman_n therefore_o our_o saviour_n christ_n have_v a_o beginning_n the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o suppose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n we_o suppose_v that_o which_o be_v in_o question_n when_o we_o make_v a_o syllogism_n wherein_o one_o of_o the_o proposition_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o question_n though_o it_o be_v couch_v in_o other_o term_n as_o if_o i_o will_v prove_v thaâ—_n the_o world_n be_v not_o create_v because_o god_n make_v it_o not_o or_o if_o i_o will_v prove_v that_o man_n be_v just_a because_o they_o be_v without_o sin_n that_o be_v to_o prove_v a_o thing_n by_o itself_o the_o sixth_o chapter_n of_o the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n the_o fallacy_n of_o inconsequence_n be_v when_o we_o break_v the_o rule_n which_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o enuntiation_n and_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n for_o â—â—ample_n we_o say_v in_o the_o four_o chaptâ—â—_n of_o the_o three_o book_n that_o a_o universal_a affirmative_a enuntiation_n can_v be_v convert_v into_o any_o other_o proposition_n but_o into_o a_o particular_a affirmative_a or_o into_o a_o universal_a have_v two_o negative_n as_o all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n be_v thus_o convert_v some_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o man_n or_o into_o this_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v not_o man_n again_o we_o say_v that_o in_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n we_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o antecedent_n to_o the_o establish_n of_o the_o consequent_a and_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o over-throwing_a of_o the_o consequent_a to_o the_o over-throwing_a of_o the_o antecedent_n now_o if_o any_o will_v dispute_v contrary_a to_o these_o rule_n say_v all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n therefore_o all_o live_a creature_n be_v man_n or_o all_o man_n be_v live_v creature_n therefore_o all_o that_o be_v not_o man_n be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n he_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o fallacy_n of_o a_o bad_a consequence_n the_o same_o fallacy_n be_v commit_v if_o you_o argue_v thus_o if_o bucephalus_n be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n therefore_o he_o be_v a_o man_n or_o thus_o if_o bucephalus_n be_v a_o man_n he_o be_v a_o live_a creature_n but_o he_o be_v not_o