refer_v to_o this_o but_o rather_o to_o the_o property_n because_o it_o belong_v to_o man_n alone_o &_o always_o to_o man_n ¶_o the_o general_a rule_n if_o the_o manner_n of_o do_v or_o suffer_v be_v the_o thing_n contain_v be_v also_o and_o the_o word_n adjoin_v also_o whereof_o do_v and_o suffer_a have_v their_o of_o spring_n follow_v upon_o the_o same_o ¶_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v from_o this_o place_n if_o one_o breathe_v the_o same_o man_n have_v life_n in_o he_o if_o julius_n cesar_n come_v into_o england_n then_o there_o be_v such_o a_o man_n call_v julius_n cesar._n if_o richard_n the_o three_o play_v the_o tyrant_n here_o in_o england_n then_o there_o be_v such_o a_o man_n in_o england_n ¶_o the_o use._n this_o place_n much_o help_v either_o for_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v some_o officer_n bribe_v the_o poor_a rob_v their_o master_n and_o way_v their_o own_o ergo_fw-la such_o be_v worthy_a death_n ¶_o of_o the_o thing_n tonteyn_v the_o subject_a or_o the_o thing_n contain_v be_v a_o substance_n be_v the_o stoorehouse_n of_o accident_n &_o the_o very_a prop_n to_o hold_v up_o diede_v do_v for_o neither_o wisdom_n strength_n health_n nor_o policy_n can_v be_v at_o all_o except_o they_o be_v contain_v with_o in_o some_o one_o body_n ¶_o the_o general_a rule_n take_v away_o the_o thing_n contain_v and_o there_o remain_v nether_a adjacent_a nor_o yet_o deed_n do_v ¶_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v there_o be_v fieâ—_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v hot_a christ_n be_v a_o very_a man_n ergo_fw-la christ_n die_v and_o sufferde_v the_o pang_n at_o his_o depart_n ¶_o a_o other_o why_o do_v thou_o say_v that_o i_o owe_v the_o a_o crown_n who_o i_o know_v be_v never_o yet_o worth_a a_o groat_n melanchthon_n live_v and_o read_v therefore_o there_o be_v great_a learning_n to_o be_v have_v where_o he_o be_v ¶_o the_o use._n by_o name_v a_o worthy_a person_n his_o praise_n be_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o even_o when_o his_o name_n be_v once_o utter_v for_o what_o 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¶_o there_o be_v four_o such_o cause_n the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o end_n the_o matier_n the_o shape_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o work_a cause_n by_o who_o mean_n thing_n be_v bring_v to_o pass_v of_o those_o that_o be_v work_n cause_n some_o by_o nature_n bring_v thing_n to_o pass_v some_o by_o advisement_n and_o by_o a_o fore_n purpose_a choice_n thing_n work_v by_o nature_n and_o that_o necessary_o which_o lack_n knowledge_n to_o choose_v this_o or_o that_o &_o have_v no_o judgement_n to_o discern_v thing_n as_o the_o son_n the_o fire_n herb_n precious_a stone_n the_o son_n even_o by_o nature_n geve_v light_n to_o the_o day_n and_o can_v other_o wise_a do_v the_o fire_n burn_v natural_o herb_n keep_v their_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n the_o adamant_n draw_v iron_n even_o by_o nature_n and_o so_o the_o blood_n stone_n stop_v blood_n some_o of_o these_o cause_n work_v by_o the_o force_n and_o violence_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o a_o outward_a power_n be_v strain_v thereunto_o they_o work_v by_o the_o force_n and_o violence_n of_o nature_n who_o beginning_n be_v within_o theimselfe_n be_v aid_v by_o none_o other_o outward_a thing_n as_o fire_n burn_v even_o by_o the_o natural_a force_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v in_o the_o substance_n thereof_o they_o work_v by_o a_o outward_a power_n which_o be_v strain_a to_o work_v by_o another_o mean_a as_o water_v set_v upon_o the_o fire_n ware_v hot_a &_o yet_o be_v not_o hot_a by_o her_o own_fw-mi nature_n but_o be_v make_v hot_a by_o the_o nature_n and_o may_v of_o fire_n of_o who_o the_o water_n take_v heat_n in_o like_a manner_n boulette_n of_o lead_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n a_o arrow_n out_o of_o a_o bow_n a_o stone_n out_o of_o a_o sling_v all_o these_o fly_v not_o into_o the_o air_n by_o their_o twne_a power_n or_o might_n but_o by_o force_n &_o violence_n of_o he_o that_o cast_v they_o ¶_o the_o general_a rule_n from_o the_o natural_a work_n cause_n the_o effect_n must_v needs_o follow_v as_o thus_o if_o the_o son_n shine_v the_o day_n must_v needs_o be_v which_o be_v the_o effect_n or_o workmanship_n of_o the_o sun_n such_o a_o man_n have_v eat_v hemlock_n ergo_fw-la he_o be_v poison_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o death_n fire_n be_v in_o the_o chimney_n or_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o house_n therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o burn_v take_v away_o the_o cause_n and_o theffect_n can_v not_o be_v at_o all_o for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o fire_n there_o can_v be_v no_o flame_n nor_o burn_v neither_o the_o second_o work_n cause_n be_v when_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o advisement_n and_o by_o choice_n not_o by_o any_o necessity_n at_o all_o for_o thing_n may_v aswell_o not_o be_v do_z as_o be_v do_z as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o shoemaker_n there_o may_v be_v shine_v make_v and_o contrary_a if_o there_o be_v no_o shoemaker_n there_o can_v be_v no_o shine_v at_o all_o ¶_o the_o â—enerall_a rule_n when_o the_o voluntary_a cause_n in_o put_v the_o woorkemanship_n or_o the_o thing_n do_z may_v follow_v as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o carpenter_n a_o house_n may_v be_v make_v if_o one_o read_v good_a author_n and_o harken_v to_o the_o read_v of_o learned_a man_n he_o may_v come_v to_o good_a learning_n ¶_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v such_o a_o one_o have_v drink_v poison_n ergo_fw-la he_o will_v dye_v short_o christ_n have_v reconcile_v mankind_n to_o his_o father_n by_o suffer_a death_n upon_o the_o cross_n ergo_fw-la such_o as_o believe_v in_o this_o save_a health_n shall_v live_v for_o ever_o ¶_o another_o division_n of_o cause_n efficient_a some_o efficient_a cause_n be_v command_a cause_n as_o the_o king_n be_v the_o command_a cause_n to_o his_o
subject_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o the_o master_n of_o work_n be_v the_o command_a cause_n to_o all_o the_o laborer_n the_o other_o efficient_a cause_n be_v obedient_a cause_n when_o the_o servant_n work_v at_o his_o master_n commandment_n ¶_o another_o dâ—uisâ—on_n of_o cause_n efficient_a of_o such_o efficient_a cause_n as_o do_v obey_v some_o do_v their_o work_n as_o the_o mason_n work_v upon_o the_o stone_n the_o carpenter_n upon_o wood_n other_o efficient_a cause_n that_o be_v obedient_a be_v but_o instrument_n of_o do_v as_o hatchetâ—es_n hammer_n pike_n aâ—es_v with_o other_o in_o battle_n the_o captain_n be_v the_o efficient_a commander_n the_o soldier_n the_o efficient_a obeyer_n gun_n dart_n bow_n and_o bill_n the_o instrument_n of_o do_v good_a heed_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v that_o in_o all_o cause_n we_o make_v a_o difference_n not_o confound_v one_o with_o another_o that_o the_o nigh_o cause_n &_o the_o far_a cause_n be_v not_o take_v all_o for_o one_o a_o cause_n far_o fetch_v be_v this_o such_o a_o one_o fall_v out_o with_o his_o neighbour_n ergo_fw-la he_o kill_v he_o fall_v out_o bring_v chide_v chide_v bring_v hatred_n hatred_n cause_v fight_v fight_a geve_v blow_n blow_v soon_o dispatch_v soon_o dispatch_v be_v ready_a death_n therefore_o i_o may_v more_o probable_o reason_n thus_o such_o a_o one_o give_v his_o neighbour_n a_o deadly_a wound_n ergo_fw-la he_o have_v kill_v he_o and_o thus_o the_o argumeist_n be_v make_v from_o the_o nigh_a cause_n ¶_o another_o division_n some_o cause_n be_v principal_a cause_n as_o the_o holy_a ghost_n work_n all_o godly_a motion_n and_o stir_v our_o nature_n evermore_o to_o the_o best_a other_o cause_n be_v the_o inclination_n in_o man_n that_o be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a three_o there_o be_v help_a cause_n which_o be_v mean_n the_o rather_o to_o further_o we_o in_o all_o virtue_n as_o learning_n practise_v of_o honest_a behavor_n acquaint_a our_o nature_n evermore_o with_o the_o best_a the_o principal_a cause_n that_o joseph_n forbear_v to_o company_n with_o another_o man_n wife_n be_v the_o holy_a ghost_n that_o stir_v his_o mind_n with_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n the_o second_o cause_n be_v his_o own_fw-mi mind_n that_o remember_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o punishment_n dew_n for_o sin_n the_o third_o cause_n be_v that_o he_o accustom_v himself_o ever_o to_o live_v upright_o and_o not_o only_o to_o avoid_v sin_n but_o also_o to_o avoid_v the_o occasion_n of_o sin_n there_o be_v other_o division_n but_o i_o leave_v to_o rehearse_v they_o for_o fear_v i_o shall_v be_v over_o long_o ¶_o the_o end_n call_v finis_fw-la the_o end_n be_v for_o who_o cause_n any_o thing_n be_v do_z and_o be_v two_o way_n consider_v for_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a end_n whereunto_o all_o other_o be_v refer_v be_v call_v the_o perfection_n and_o chief_a property_n in_o any_o thing_n as_o the_o chief_a end_n in_o any_o man_n be_v to_o be_v perfect_o endue_v with_o reason_n and_o to_o attain_v everlive_v felicity_n the_o chief_a property_n in_o a_o horse_n be_v to_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a courage_n &_o to_o want_v no_o stomach_n the_o chief_a perfection_n in_o fire_n be_v to_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o very_o dry_a there_o be_v another_o end_n call_v a_o help_a end_n which_o serve_v to_o a_o high_a end_n and_o be_v only_o ordain_v for_o this_o purpose_n that_o we_o may_v attain_v thereby_o the_o perfect_v end_n of_o all_o as_o meat_n drink_n apparel_n and_o other_o necessary_a thing_n be_v help_a end_n for_o man_n to_o attain_v the_o chief_a end_n for_o without_o these_o end_n man_n can_v not_o live_v to_o live_v honest_o in_o this_o life_n to_o be_v upright_o in_o deal_v with_o all_o person_n be_v a_o help_a end_n as_o the_o philosophier_n take_v it_o and_o a_o testimony_n to_o the_o world_n of_o our_o faith_n as_o the_o christian_n take_v it_o for_o man_n to_o live_v world_n without_o end_n to_o marry_v a_o wife_n be_v a_o help_a end_n for_o a_o man_n to_o avoid_v fornication_n the_o poor_a man_n labour_v and_o wherefore_o to_o get_v his_o live_n wherefore_o get_v he_o his_o live_n that_o he_o may_v the_o better_o be_v able_a to_o serve_v god_n the_o soldier_n fight_v at_o his_o princess_n commandment_n chief_o because_o god_n command_v he_o next_o after_o for_o love_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o country_n three_o and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o he_o may_v live_v the_o rather_o in_o quiet_a at_o home_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n so_o that_o of_o one_o and_o thesame_a thing_n there_o may_v be_v many_o end_n be_v orderly_o consider_v ¶_o the_o general_a rule_n who_o end_n be_v good_a or_o evil_a thesame_a thing_n be_v good_a or_o evil_a as_o a_o sword_n be_v good_a because_o it_o be_v good_a for_o a_o man_n to_o defend_v hymsef_n faith_n in_o christ_n jesu_n be_v good_a for_o by_o faith_n we_o be_v save_v to_o undo_v my_o neighbour_n with_o lend_v for_o gain_v be_v most_o ungodly_a therefore_o to_o be_v a_o usurer_n be_v most_o ungodly_a to_o desire_v another_o man_n wife_n be_v ungodly_a because_o adultery_n be_v ungodly_a battle_n be_v good_a because_o it_o bring_v peace_n for_o all_o man_n shall_v fight_v for_o this_o end_n that_o we_o may_v live_v in_o quiet_a with_o our_o neighbour_n if_o thou_o will_v be_v honesty_n and_o esteem_v for_o a_o godly_a person_n do_v the_o action_n of_o virtue_n and_o thou_o shall_v be_v well_o report_v of_o especial_o of_o the_o honest_a it_o be_v good_a to_o learn_v because_o learning_n itself_o be_v good_a which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o our_o study_n ¶_o of_o thâ—_n matâ—r_n or_o substance_n call_v materia_fw-la the_o substance_n call_v materia_fw-la be_v ready_a to_o be_v frame_v of_o the_o woorkeman_n as_o he_o like_v by_o the_o which_o substance_n either_o thing_n natural_a or_o else_o thing_n artificial_a be_v make_v as_o first_o a_o man_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a thing_n be_v make_v of_o body_n &_o soul_n a_o image_n which_o be_v a_o artificial_a thing_n be_v make_v by_o the_o handy_a work_n of_o man_n &_o be_v grave_v out_o of_o stone_n or_o melt_v in_o gold_n or_o in_o brass_n fron_n this_o place_n be_v make_v argument_n that_o both_o do_v affirm_v and_o also_o deny_v as_o thus_o if_o a_o man_n have_v cloth_n he_o may_v have_v a_o garment_n make_v if_o it_o like_v he_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v no_o cloth_n at_o all_o how_o can_v he_o have_v a_o gown_n or_o a_o coat_n if_o the_o baker_n lack_v meal_n how_o can_v he_o make_v bread_n the_o matier_n be_v consider_v â—â—_o way_n firâ—â—_n it_o be_v a_o substance_n that_o tarry_v still_o as_o when_o a_o house_n be_v make_v of_o stone_n wodd_n &_o plaster_n or_o a_o image_n of_o gold_n brass_n or_o silver_n here_o the_o substance_n tarry_v still_o although_o the_o form_n be_v alter_v likewise_o when_o a_o house_n be_v take_v down_o the_o stone_n &_o tymbre_v remain_v still_o and_o kâ—pe_v their_o substance_n and_o serve_v as_o they_o do_v before_o either_o for_o erection_n of_o thesame_a house_n 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as_o thus_o there_o be_v no_o meal_n or_o flower_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o bread_n but_o i_o shall_v say_v rather_o there_o be_v no_o meal_n nor_o flower_n ergo_fw-la there_o be_v no_o bread_n ¶_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v the_o shoemaker_n have_v no_o leather_n how_o can_v he_o then_o make_v a_o shoe_n the_o printer_n have_v no_o paper_n ergo_fw-la he_o can_v set_v his_o man_n on_o work_n the_o shape_n call_v forma_fw-la the_o shape_n or_o fashion_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v a_o cause_n whereby_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v have_v his_o name_n as_o leather_n when_o it_o be_v mâ—de_v or_o fashion_v for_o the_o foot_n be_v call_v a_o shoe_n such_o a_o man_n wearenth_n a_o livery_n
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as_o the_o fruit_n hereafter_o be_v most_o like_a to_o be_v incomparable_a which_o thing_n that_o it_o may_v so_o be_v your_o majesty_n have_v and_o perpetual_o shall_v have_v the_o daily_a and_o incessaunte_a prayer_n of_o all_o we_o your_o most_o faithful_a love_a subject_n for_o the_o long_a and_o prosperouse_a reign_n of_o your_o highness_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n the_o honour_n and_o princely_a dignity_n of_o yourself_o &_o the_o wealth_n of_o your_o realm_n and_o dominion_n long_o to_o endure_v amen_n gvalterus_n haddonus_n cantabrigiensis_n legum_n doctor_n grammatice_fw-la lingua_fw-la nos_fw-la est_fw-la affata_fw-la britanna_n curreret_fw-la ut_fw-la latiis_fw-la lingua_fw-la latina_n rotis_fw-la nunc_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—enit_fw-la &_o nostris_fw-la se_fw-la vocibus_fw-la effert_fw-la ut_fw-la ratio_fw-la nostros_fw-la possit_fw-la habere_fw-la sonosâ—_n antâ—_n peregrinis_fw-la linguis_fw-la instructa_fw-la fuisti_fw-la anglia_fw-it nunc_fw-la propria_fw-la discere_fw-la voce_fw-la potes_fw-la grammaticen_n laudant_fw-la omnes_fw-la quia_fw-la verba_fw-la polivit_fw-la qualis_fw-la erit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nos_fw-la ratione_fw-la regens_fw-la attulit_fw-la hà c_fw-la nostras_fw-la thomas_n wilsonus_fw-la ad_fw-la aures_fw-la vtilis_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la sic_fw-la suis_fw-la ille_fw-la svae_fw-la the_o art_n of_o logic_n logic_n be_v a_o art_n to_o reason_n probable_o on_o both_o part_n of_o all_o matter_n that_o be_v put_v forth_o so_o far_o as_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o thing_n can_v bear_v the_o division_n of_o logic_n this_o art_n be_v divide_v into_o ii_o part_n the_o first_o part_n stand_v in_o frame_v of_o thing_n apt_o together_o in_o knit_a word_n for_o the_o purpose_n according_o &_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v judicium_fw-la judicium_fw-la judicium_fw-la the_o second_o part_n consist_v in_o find_v out_o matter_n and_o search_a stuff_n agreeable_a to_o the_o cause_n and_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v inuentio_fw-la inuentio_fw-la inuentio_fw-la for_o you_o must_v understande_v that_o when_o one_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v any_o thing_n he_o must_v first_o invente_v somewhat_o to_o prove_v his_o cause_n the_o which_o when_o he_o have_v do_v he_o must_v use_v judgement_n both_o in_o frame_v the_o same_o reason_n so_o invent_v &_o also_o to_o see_v whether_o it_o serve_v for_o the_o purpose_n or_o not_o ¶_o and_o now_o some_o will_v say_v that_o i_o shall_v first_o speak_v of_o the_o find_v out_o of_o a_o argument_n before_o i_o shall_v teach_v the_o way_n how_o to_o frame_v a_o argument_n truth_n it_o be_v that_o natural_o we_o find_v a_o reason_n or_o we_o begin_v to_o fashion_v thesame_a and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v more_o meet_a that_o the_o order_n of_o a_o argument_n shall_v be_v first_o handle_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o shall_v no_o more_o profit_v a_o man_n to_o find_v out_o hiâ—_n argument_n except_o he_o first_o know_v how_o to_o order_v thesame_a and_o to_o shape_v it_o accord_o which_o he_o do_v not_o yet_o perfectli_a know_v than_o stone_n or_o timber_n shall_v profit_v the_o â—â—aâ—on_n or_o carpenter_n which_o know_v not_o how_o to_o work_v upon_o thesame_n a_o reason_n be_v easily_o find_v then_o fashion_v for_o every_o man_n can_v geve_v a_o reason_n natural_o and_o without_o art_n but_o how_o to_o fashion_v and_o frame_v thesamâ—_n according_a to_o the_o art_n none_o can_v do_v at_o all_o except_o they_o be_v learn_v therefore_o because_o every_o man_n wit_n can_v geve_v light_o a_o reason_n of_o diverse_a thing_n without_o any_o learning_n at_o all_o even_o by_o the_o instinct_n of_o nature_n &_o yet_o not_o be_v able_a to_o set_v thesame_a in_o order_n scholarlike_a either_o to_o prove_v or_o to_o confute_v i_o purpose_v first_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v a_o argument_n as_o which_o be_v more_o needful_a next_o after_o that_o you_o shall_v learn_v the_o manner_n of_o find_v of_o a_o argument_n and_o the_o place_n where_o 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some_o â—hing_n be_v report_v either_o to_o be_v do_v to_o â—ave_n ben_fw-mi do_v or_o else_o hereafter_o to_o be_v â—one_n as_o to_o be_v at_o london_n to_o be_v at_o canâ—rydge_v to_o be_v at_o home_n to_o be_v in_o a_o chamâ—er_n to_o be_v above_o beneath_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n left_a hand_n before_z or_o behind_o and_o what_o soever_o be_v answer_v to_o this_o question_n when_o i_o ask_v where_o any_o thing_n be_v or_o where_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v this_o place_n well_o serve_v for_o conjecture_n either_o â—n_n praise_v or_o dispraise_a quando_fw-la when._n this_o predicament_n quando_fw-la contain_v the_o difference_n &_o diversite_v of_o time_n as_o nunc_fw-la now_o heri_fw-la yesterdaye_fw-mi noctu_fw-la in_o the_o night_n time_n interdiu_fw-la in_o the_o day_n tyme._n this_o place_n also_o gyve_v light_n to_o confirm_v cause_n as_o to_o prove_v that_o one_o be_v painful_a i_o may_v say_v such_o a_o one_o study_v day_n and_o night_n so_o much_o as_o nature_n can_v bear_v therefore_o he_o be_v a_o payneful_a man_n situm_fw-la esse_fw-la to_o be_v settle_v situm_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v than_o consider_v when_o a_o man_n body_n be_v in_o any_o wise_a place_n aâ—_n to_o lie_v a_o side_n to_o stand_v upright_o to_o sit_v to_o lean_v to_o lie_v grovel_v to_o lie_v wide_o open_a habitus_n the_o arai_a or_o clothe_v some_o call_v this_o predicament_n habitus_n integumentum_fw-la that_o be_v a_o cover_a or_o apparel_v of_o any_o body_n as_o to_o have_v a_o coat_n to_o wear_v a_o gown_n to_o be_v harneyse_v to_o have_v a_o jack_n a_o 'sheart_o of_o mail_n a_o cote_n armour_n also_o to_o go_v gorgeous_o as_o to_o wear_v cheine_n of_o goldeâ—_n to_o have_v bracelet_n rynge_n ouch_n &_o stone_n to_o hauâ—_n asceptre_n or_o mace_n in_o his_o hand_n three_o to_o possess_v gold_n silver_n land_n wife_n and_o child_n or_o to_o contain_v any_o thing_n as_o the_o hog_n head_n do_v hold_v wine_n the_o barn_n hold_v corn_n etc._n etc._n ¶_o the_o use_n and_o commodity_n of_o these_o predicamente_n if_o you_o will_v define_v any_o word_n &_o know_v the_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o same_o you_o must_v needs_o know_v these_o ten_o predicamente_n as_o for_o a_o example_n if_o you_o will_v know_v what_o a_o man_n be_v you_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o place_n â—f_n substantia_fw-la and_o there_o you_o shall_v learn_v â—y_a the_o same_o place_n that_o man_n be_v a_o live_n creature_n endue_v with_o reason_n if_o you_o will_v know_v what_o virtue_n be_v you_o must_v go_v to_o the_o predicament_fw-it qualitas_fw-la and_o there_o you_o shall_v see_v that_o virtue_n be_v a_o constant_a habit_n of_o the_o mind_n make_v they_o praise_v worthy_a in_o who_o it_o be_v if_o you_o will_v define_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o father_n seek_v for_o relativa_fw-la and_o there_o you_o shall_v learn_v that_o he_o be_v a_o father_n that_o have_v a_o son_n he_o be_v a_o master_n that_o have_v a_o servant_n and_o so_o forth_o in_o the_o realte_v therefore_o you_o must_v needs_o have_v these_o predicamente_n ready_a that_o when_o so_o ever_o you_o will_v define_v any_o word_n or_o geve_v a_o natural_a name_n unto_o it_o you_o may_v come_v to_o this_o store_n house_n and_o take_v stuff_n at_o will_n of_o a_o definition_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o all_o this_o whole_a art_n of_o logic_n more_o necessary_a for_o man_n to_o know_v than_o to_o learn_v diligent_o the_o defifinition_n and_o division_n of_o everye_o matter_n that_o by_o reason_n may_v be_v comprehend_v for_o he_o that_o first_o well_o understand_v what_o he_o do_v go_v about_o know_v ful_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o cause_n propound_v shall_v less_o err_v in_o the_o whole_a discourse_n follow_v and_o easy_a shall_v it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o avoid_v false_a argument_n if_o he_o can_v learn_v first_o to_o see_v the_o very_a nature_n &_o substantial_a propretye_n of_o every_o thing_n a_o definition_n be_v ii_o way_n consider_v for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o definition_n of_o a_o word_n or_o of_o a_o substance_n a_o definition_n of_o a_o word_n be_v any_o manner_n of_o declaration_n of_o a_o word_n as_o a_o realm_n be_v so_o call_v by_o cause_n it_o be_v by_o a_o king_n rule_v and_o mery_o to_o say_v it_o a_o woman_n have_v her_o name_n so_o give_v she_o by_o cause_n she_o bring_v woe_n unto_o man_n a_o definition_n of_o the_o substance_n be_v a_o speech_n which_o show_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n &_o every_o perfect_a definition_n be_v make_v perfect_a by_o the_o general_a word_n and_o his_o difference_n join_v together_o so_o that_o what_o soever_o be_v define_v it_o be_v â—l_a way_n the_o kind_n or_o sort_n of_o some_o â—hing_n as_o thus_o man_n be_v a_o lyve_n creature_n endue_v with_o reason_n man_n be_v the_o â—hing_n define_v and_o the_o other_o that_o be_v a_o â—â—uing_a creature_n endue_v with_o reason_n â—â—s_o the_o definition_n there_o be_v four_o rule_n to_o be_v observe_v â—n_o every_o perfect_v definition_n first_o â—hat_n the_o definition_n contain_v no_o more_o than_o the_o thing_n define_v nor_o yet_o that_o the_o thing_n defyne_v contain_v any_o more_o than_o â—he_v definition_n do_v again_o we_o must_v â—ake_v heed_n that_o the_o definition_n express_v â—he_n very_a nature_n and_o substance_n of_o the_o â—hing_n define_v or_o else_o it_o be_v no_o good_a definition_n three_o we_o must_v see_v that_o the_o definition_n be_v plain_a and_o open_a without_o ambiguity_n not_o have_v any_o obscure_a or_o â—ar_o fetch_v word_n oâ—_n a_o division_n it_o be_v a_o old_a sai_n qui_fw-la bene_fw-la distinguit_fw-la bene_fw-la docet_fw-la he_z that_o do_v well_o divide_v do_v teach_v well_o and_o socrates_n in_o phedro_n platonis_fw-la praise_a much_o the_o manner_n of_o divide_v say_v at_o length_n that_o if_o he_o kneâ—_n a_o man_n which_o can_v well_o divide_v and_o severallye_o set_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o place_n he_o will_v follow_v he_o as_o thought_n he_o shall_v follow_v god_n himself_o in_o what_o miserable_a blindness_n wear_v we_o if_o we_o know_v not_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o law_n and_o the_o gospel_n the_o which_o only_o we_o do_v know_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o division_n there_o be_v many_o fond_a people_n which_o have_v much_o dispraise_v all_o temporal_a law_n &_o civil_a law_n thinkyngâ—_n it_o meet_v that_o all_o common_a weal_n shall_v only_o have_v the_o gospel_n and_o none_o other_o â—awe_n at_o all_o this_o may_v seem_v to_o some_o a_o gay_a saieâ—ge_n where_o as_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v both_o folishe_a and_o wicked_a for_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o political_a law_n and_o the_o gospel_n for_o the_o political_a law_n do_v cause_v a_o outward_a discipline_n to_o be_v observe_v even_o of_o the_o wicked_a so_o that_o they_o dare_v not_o offend_v outwardlye_o for_o fear_n of_o corporal_a punishment_n the_o magistrate_n which_o have_v this_o charge_n be_v ordain_v of_o god_n and_o first_o his_o charge_n be_v to_o set_v forth_o the_o ten_o commandment_n give_v to_o moses_n in_o the_o stony_a taâ—es_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v observe_v universallie_o punish_v the_o offenâ—urs_n for_o their_o evil_a dede_n corporallye_o â—fter_o this_o he_o must_v enact_v other_o particular_a law_n as_o occasion_n shall_v serve_v â—hich_v do_v not_o dissent_v from_o these_o ten_o consider_v these_o law_n be_v general_a and_o therefore_o particular_a thing_n may_v be_v slawen_v out_o of_o they_o as_o where_o it_o be_v sâ—â—d_v thou_o shall_v do_v no_o theft_n the_o maâ—â—trate_n sing_v falsehood_n in_o bargayâ—ing_n and_o much_o disceipte_n use_v to_o deâ—aude_v one_o a_o other_o straight_o cause_v â—_o to_o be_v proclaim_v that_o all_o such_o as_o uâ—â—_n deceit_n in_o bargayn_v commit_v â—efte_v aâ—d_a shall_v be_v attaint_v thereupon_o â—â—_o felcâ—s_v the_o which_o man_n in_o so_o do_v hâ—th_o fulfil_v god_n commandment_n now_o again_o as_o for_o the_o preaching_n of_o the_o godspell_n it_o be_v a_o other_o manner_n of_o thing_n for_o thereby_o sin_n be_v forgive_v â—e_v inheritance_n of_o life_n everla_a â—â—aunted_a and_o a_o ever_o live_v church_n â—f_a mankind_n gather_v to_o be_v god_n â—â—osen_a people_n and_o also_o the_o true_a knowlâ—ge_n of_o god_n perfect_a rightuousnes_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o life_n everlasting_a be_v kindle_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o godly_a through_o the_o power_n of_o god_n holy_a ghost_n but_o there_o be_v few_o that_o will_v obey_v wyllynglie_o and_o with_o all_o their_o heart_n the_o word_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o such_o wise_n neither_o can_v any_o law_n be_v able_a violent_o to_o force_v the_o inward_a thought_n of_o man_n therefore_o the_o outward_a magistrate_n though_o he_o can_v bind_v man_n conscience_n from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v eviâ—_a yet_o do_v he_o much_o to_o with_o draw_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a and_o in_o
note_v this_o diligent_o that_o those_o indefinite_a proposition_n who_o last_o rehearse_v part_n be_v necessary_a and_o be_v so_o speak_v of_o the_o former_a part_n that_o it_o do_v always_o agree_v to_o the_o same_o and_o to_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o the_o same_o do_v imply_v as_o much_o as_o a_o general_a propositino_fw-la as_o in_o the_o above_o rehearse_v proposition_n the_o soul_n be_v immortal_a this_o word_n to_o be_v immortal_a which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o soul_n agreâ—h_v not_o to_o one_o man_n or_o to_o certain_a but_o to_o every_o man_n live_v when_o the_o accident_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o former_a part_n it_o impli_v as_o much_o as_o a_o particular_a proposition_n do_v asâ—_n homo_fw-la homini_fw-la prestat_fw-la ingenio_fw-la virtute_fw-la doctrina_fw-la some_o man_n be_v better_a than_o a_o other_o in_o wit_n learning_n and_o virtue_n be_v no_o more_o to_o say_v than_o quidam_fw-la homo_fw-la homini_fw-la prestat_fw-la some_o one_o man_n be_v better_a than_o a_o other_o a_o singular_a proposition_n be_v when_o a_o proper_a name_n of_o a_o man_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o proposition_n and_o be_v the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o same_o as_z cicero_n est_fw-fr orator_n cicero_n be_v a_o orator_n alexander_n est_fw-la bellicosus_fw-la alexander_n be_v a_o warrior_n the_o repuâ—naunce_n of_o proposition_n repugnancy_n be_v the_o diversitee_n of_o two_o proposition_n which_o have_v both_o one_o subiectum_fw-la call_v the_o former_a part_n &_o one_o attributum_fw-la which_o be_v the_o rehearse_v part_n and_o in_o sense_n speak_v of_o the_o former_a there_o be_v four_o in_o nombre_fw-fr call_v in_o latin_a contrariae_fw-la subcontrariae_n contradictoriae_fw-la and_o subalternae_fw-la general_n contrary_a proposition_n be_v those_o whereof_o the_o one_o do_v affirm_v &_o the_o other_o do_v deny_v as_o thus_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la ducuntur_fw-la all_o man_n be_v move_v with_o glory_n nulli_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la ducuntur_fw-la no_o man_n be_v move_v with_o glory_n particular_a contrary_n be_v two_o particular_n whereof_o the_o one_o do_v affirm_v the_o other_o do_v deny_v aliqui_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la ducuntur_fw-la some_o man_n be_v move_v with_o glory_n aliqui_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la non_fw-la ducuntur_fw-la some_o man_n be_v not_o move_v with_o glory_n contradictory_n proposition_n be_v when_o the_o one_o be_v universal_a affirmative_a and_o the_o other_o particular_a negative_a or_o else_o when_o the_o one_o be_v universal_a negative_a and_o the_o other_o particular_a affirmative_a as_o thus_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la ducunturâ—_n all_o man_n be_v move_v with_o glory_n aliqui_fw-la homines_fw-la gloria_fw-la non_fw-la ducuntur_fw-la some_o man_n be_v not_o move_v with_o glory_n and_o likewise_o backward_o subalternae_fw-la be_v those_o which_o be_v either_o universal_a affirmative_a &_o particular_a affirmative_a or_o else_o universal_a negative_a and_o particular_a negative_a ¶_o a_o single_a proposition_n be_v three_o way_n denide_v propositio_fw-la categorica_fw-la other_o wise_a call_v a_o single_a proposition_n be_v divide_v into_o true_a and_o false_a proposition_n they_o be_v true_a proposition_n which_o agree_v to_o the_o matter_n and_o be_v either_o necessary_a or_o else_o such_o as_o may_v be_v either_o true_a or_o false_a call_v in_o latin_a fortuitae_fw-la or_o contingentes_fw-la necessary_a proposition_n be_v assure_o true_a and_o know_v so_o to_o be_v either_o by_o nature_n or_o else_o by_o experience_n of_o those_o that_o necessary_o be_v knit_v together_o be_v these_o the_o proper_a name_n the_o kind_n the_o general_a word_n the_o difference_n the_o property_n the_o definition_n the_o cause_n the_o proper_a work_n of_o cause_n and_o some_o accident_n that_o ever_o tarry_v as_o thus_o cicero_n est_fw-la homo_fw-la cicero_n be_v a_o man_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n ratione_fw-la praeditum_fw-la aptum_fw-la ad_fw-la risum_fw-la a_o man_n be_v a_o live_n creature_n endue_v with_o reason_n apt_a to_o laugh_v dies_fw-la est_fw-la necessario_fw-la quoniam_fw-la sol_fw-la exoriens_fw-la est_fw-la it_o must_v needs_o be_v day_n because_o the_o son_n be_v up_o ignis_fw-la calidus_fw-la est_fw-la fire_n be_v hot_a those_o proposition_n be_v changeable_a which_o may_v be_v true_a or_o chance_n to_o be_v so_o as_z pecunia_fw-la est_fw-la bonum_fw-la money_n be_v a_o good_a thing_n &_o whersoever_o the_o accident_n be_v speak_v of_o that_o which_o contain_v he_o every_o such_o proposition_n be_v call_v chanceable_a or_o that_o which_o may_v be_v true_a as_o water_n be_v make_v hot_a here_o we_o see_v that_o it_o chance_v to_o water_n contrary_a to_o her_o nature_n to_o be_v warm_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v chanceable_a as_o the_o which_o may_v chauncey_n or_o be_v change_v the_o table_n of_o repugnaunt_a proposition_n here_o we_o must_v be_v diligent_a that_o in_o all_o such_o repugnauncie_n of_o proposition_n there_o be_v no_o doubtfulness_n in_o any_o word_n and_o that_o always_o there_o be_v one_o manner_n of_o word_n that_o go_v before_o and_o also_o one_o manner_n of_o word_n that_o end_v the_o sentence_n plain_o and_o without_o double_a understanding_n this_o diversite_n of_o proposition_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o discern_v the_o truth_n from_o that_o which_o be_v false_a for_o when_o we_o join_v two_o proposition_n that_o be_v dissonant_n we_o shall_v easy_o try_v the_o chaff_n from_o the_o corn_n the_o which_o when_o we_o have_v do_v we_o may_v the_o better_o stick_v to_o the_o truth_n with_o full_a assent_n the_o contrary_a be_v once_o disclose_v and_o reject_v ¶_o de_n conuersione_n of_o the_o turn_v of_o proposition_n conversion_n be_v the_o change_n or_o alter_a of_o word_n in_o a_o proposition_n when_o the_o former_a part_n whereof_o any_o thing_n be_v rehearse_v and_o the_o hynder_n part_n which_o be_v rehearse_v of_o the_o former_a be_v change_v the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o place_n there_o be_v three_o manner_n of_o conversion_n simplex_n per_fw-la accidens_fw-la per_fw-la contrapositionem_fw-la a_o plain_a conversion_n be_v when_o both_o the_o proposition_n be_v like_a in_o all_o thing_n both_o in_o sign_n and_o also_o in_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n save_v only_o that_o of_o the_o last_o rehearse_v be_v make_v the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o sentence_n &_o the_o former_a part_n be_v make_v the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n such_o conversion_n be_v make_v when_o both_o proposition_n be_v either_o universal_a negative_n or_o else_o particular_a affirmative_n for_o the_o first_o thus_o nemo_fw-la timens_fw-la deum_fw-la contaminat_fw-la se_fw-la adulterio_fw-la ergo_fw-la nemo_fw-la contaminan_n se_fw-la adulterio_fw-la timet_fw-la deum_fw-la no_o man_n that_o fear_v god_n deâ—ileth_v himself_o with_o adultrieâ—_n therefore_o no_o man_n that_o defile_v himself_o with_o adultery_n fear_v god_n here_o we_o may_v see_v the_o conversion_n plain_a as_o the_o rule_n above_o rehearse_v teach_v for_o ij_o particular_a affirmative_n this_o shall_v be_v a_o example_n quidan_n aulici_fw-la boni_fw-la sunt_fw-la ergo_fw-la quidam_fw-la boni_fw-la aulici_fw-la sunt_fw-la some_o courtier_n be_v honest_a ergo_fw-la some_o honest_a man_n be_v courtier_n a_o conversion_n by_o accident_n be_v when_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o sentence_n be_v make_v the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n and_o the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n make_v the_o former_a part_n both_o the_o proposition_n affirm_v or_o deni_v save_v only_o that_o the_o sign_n be_v change_v that_o be_v the_o one_o be_v universal_a the_o second_o be_v particular_a first_o a_o conversion_n be_v make_v of_o two_o affirmative_n thus_o omnis_fw-la virtus_fw-la est_fw-la laudanda_fw-la ergo_fw-la laudandun_v aliquid_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la all_o virtue_n be_v to_o be_v praise_v therefore_o some_o thing_n to_o be_v praise_v be_v a_o virtue_n a_o conversion_n of_o two_o negative_n thus_o nemo_fw-la malus_fw-la foelix_fw-la foelix_fw-la igitur_fw-la sapiens_fw-la cum_fw-la sit_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la malus_fw-la no_o evil_a man_n be_v absolute_o happy_a therefore_o a_o absolute_a happy_a man_n consyder_v he_o be_v wise_a can_v be_v evil_a this_o kind_n of_o conversion_n be_v very_o profitable_a for_o he_o that_o will_v dispute_v for_o where_o as_o we_o reason_v often_o from_o the_o general_a word_n to_o the_o kind_n we_o must_v needs_o use_v this_o manner_n of_o conversion_n as_o thus_o if_o all_o exercise_n be_v good_a than_o this_o exercise_n be_v good_a and_o so_o of_o other_o a_o conversion_n by_o contraposition_n be_v when_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o sentence_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n and_o the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n turn_v into_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o sentence_n both_o the_o proposition_n be_v universal_a and_o affirmative_a save_v that_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n there_o be_v certain_a negative_n interlace_v as_o thus_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la avet_fw-la aliquid_fw-la videre_fw-la audire_fw-la scire_fw-la ergo_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la avet_fw-la aliquid_fw-la videre_fw-la audire_fw-la scire_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la every_o man_n desire_v to_o see_v to_o hear_v or_o to_o know_v
somewhat_o therefore_o what_o soever_o he_o be_v that_o desier_v not_o to_o see_v to_o hear_v or_o to_o know_v somewhat_o that_o same_o body_n be_v not_o a_o man_n this_o conversion_n be_v profitable_a and_o serve_v well_o to_o reason_n by_o thus_o reason_v christ_n by_o this_o conversion_n against_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o viij_o chapter_n of_o johnâ—_n qui_fw-la ex_fw-la deo_fw-la est_fw-la verba_fw-la dei_fw-la audit_n vos_fw-la igitur_fw-la cum_fw-la non_fw-la audiatis_fw-la ex_fw-la deo_fw-la non_fw-la estis_fw-la he_o that_o be_v of_o god_n hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n you_o therefore_o because_o you_o hear_v not_o be_v not_o of_o god_n this_o conversion_n coâ—futeth_v the_o jew_n plain_o &_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v not_o of_o god_n if_o we_o will_v reason_v from_o the_o general_a word_n to_o the_o kind_n or_o from_o the_o great_a to_o the_o less_o we_o may_v use_v this_o conversion_n very_o well_o omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n ergo_fw-la quodcnnque_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la animal_n id_fw-la nec_fw-la homo_fw-la est_fw-la every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n therefore_o what_o soever_o thing_n be_v not_o a_o live_n creature_n that_o same_o be_v not_o a_o man_n take_v away_o the_o general_a word_n and_o there_o can_v no_o kind_n remain_v at_o all_o from_o the_o superior_a universal_a to_o the_o inferior_a thus_o we_o may_v reason_n all_o pure_a gold_n look_v yealowe_v therefore_o what_o soever_o look_v not_o yealowe_v that_o same_o be_v not_o pure_a gold_n this_o conversion_n serve_v well_o to_o make_v a_o argument_n in_o the_o second_o figure_n as_o i_o will_v declare_v hereafter_o the_o which_o ought_v diligent_o to_o be_v observe_v propositio_fw-la hypothetica_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o double_a proposition_n propositio_fw-la hypothetica_fw-la be_v a_o sentence_n with_o two_o single_a proposition_n knit_v together_o always_o with_o some_o conjunction_n as_o thus_o si_fw-mi iustitia_fw-la est_fw-la virtus_fw-la est_fw-la laudabilis_fw-la if_o justice_n be_v a_o virtue_n it_o be_v praise_v worthy_a ¶_o there_o be_v iii_o manner_n of_o double_a proposition_n a_o double_a proposition_n stand_v of_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o conditional_a proposition_n affirm_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v either_o true_a or_o false_a with_o a_o if_z as_o thus_o if_o faith_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n some_o man_n fear_v god_n if_o the_o world_n continue_v still_o as_o it_o do_v walow_a in_o most_o abominable_a sin_n god_n will_v at_o length_n punish_v the_o offender_n very_o sore_o all_o which_o propoposition_n be_v ever_o true_a when_o the_o part_n be_v so_o knit_v together_o that_o the_o latter_a part_n must_v needs_o follow_v upon_o that_o which_o go_v before_o the_o second_o part_n be_v when_o a_o proposition_n have_v a_o disiunctive_a which_o knit_v the_o sentence_n up_o as_o thus_o either_o it_o be_v day_n or_o else_o it_o be_v night_n such_o proposition_n be_v true_a when_o both_o the_o part_n be_v true_a &_o the_o same_o also_o be_v false_a when_o either_o of_o the_o part_n be_v false_a the_o third_o part_n be_v when_o conjunction_n that_o do_v deny_v be_v join_v toguether_o as_o thus_o battle_n be_v not_o lawful_a be_v not_o to_o be_v desire_v by_o all_o which_o double_a proposition_n we_o may_v reason_v formal_o in_o diverse_a cause_n be_v thus_o by_o the_o first_o if_o faith_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n some_o man_n fear_v god_n but_o no_o man_n fear_v god_n therefore_o faith_n be_v not_o upon_o the_o yerth_n again_o if_o we_o fear_v god_n we_o be_v in_o charite_n but_o we_o be_v not_o in_o charity_n therefore_o we_o fear_v noâ—_n god_n by_o the_o second_o thus_o either_o it_o be_v day_n or_o else_o it_o be_v night_n but_o it_o be_v day_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o night_n covetouse_n man_n either_o be_v the_o servant_n of_o god_n or_o else_o of_o the_o devil_n but_o they_o be_v not_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n ergo_fw-la they_o be_v the_o servant_n of_o the_o devil_n by_o the_o three_o thus_o battle_n be_v not_o lauful_a be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o battle_n be_v lauful_a therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v of_o make_v a_o argument_n i_o have_v rehearse_v hitherto_o all_o single_a word_n what_o the_o nature_n be_v of_o every_o one_o &_o in_o what_o general_a word_n they_o may_v be_v find_v i_o have_v set_v forth_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o definition_n and_o a_o division_n i_o have_v teach_v also_o to_o join_v these_o several_a word_n into_o a_o proposition_n and_o to_o make_v the_o same_o a_o perfect_a sentence_n now_o therefore_o by_o god_n grace_n i_o will_v show_v the_o manner_n how_o to_o join_v sentence_n together_o and_o to_o prove_v a_o matter_n by_o knit_v proposition_n handesome_o in_o a_o argument_n or_o else_o to_o confute_v any_o thing_n that_o a_o man_n listen_v by_o place_v the_o proposition_n according_o therefore_o there_o ought_v good_a diligence_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o behalf_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v the_o clerkly_a part_n of_o all_o and_o the_o hard_a piece_n of_o work_n to_o frame_v a_o argument_n apt_o &_o to_o know_v the_o very_a reason_n why_o thing_n be_v so_o knit_v together_o ¶_o what_o a_o argument_n be_v a_o argument_n be_v a_o way_n to_o prove_v how_o one_o thing_n be_v gather_v by_o another_o and_o to_o show_v that_o thing_n which_o be_v doubtful_a by_o that_o which_o be_v not_o doubtful_a ¶_o to_o find_v out_o the_o reason_n that_o shall_v prove_v in_o latin_a call_v medium_n in_o english_a the_o double_a repete_fw-la after_o this_o sort_n we_o may_v find_v the_o reason_n whereby_o to_o prove_v our_o matter_n when_o we_o have_v a_o question_n or_o sentence_n that_o we_o will_v either_o confirm_v or_o confute_v ask_v the_o cause_n of_o ourself_o why_o and_o wherefore_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o former_a part_n in_o any_o sentence_n shall_v be_v so_o apply_v to_o thesame_n and_o to_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o plain_a i_o will_v make_v this_o question_n est_fw-fr ne_fw-fr avarus_fw-la pauper_fw-la be_v a_o covetous_a man_n poor_a or_o not_o i_o may_v thus_o reason_v with_o myself_o why_o shall_v a_o covetous_a man_n be_v call_v poor_a what_o affinity_n be_v betwixt_o they_o two_o marry_o in_o this_o point_n they_o both_o agree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o poor_a man_n ever_o lack_v and_o desire_v to_o have_v so_o the_o covetous_a man_n ever_o lack_v want_v the_o use_n of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v and_o desirer_v still_o to_o have_v be_v never_o content_v though_o god_n geve_v enough_o then_o sing_v it_o be_v even_o so_o that_o both_o do_v lack_n and_o both_o do_v desire_n to_o have_v this_o same_o reason_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n whereby_o my_o argument_n be_v make_v perfect_a for_o thus_o i_o may_v frame_v my_o argument_n apt_o whosoever_o lack_v &_o desire_v evermore_o to_o have_v that_o same_o man_n be_v poor_a a_o covetous_a man_n lack_v &_o desire_v evermore_o to_o have_v therefore_o a_o covetous_a man_n be_v poor_a thus_o this_o argument_n be_v make_v perfect_a by_o ask_v this_o question_n wherefore_o a_o covetous_a man_n be_v poor_a as_o hereafter_o i_o will_v show_v it_o more_o at_o large_a by_o other_o example_n â—o_o make_v the_o thing_n more_o plain_a ¶_o there_o be_v four_o kynde_n of_o argument_n syllogismus_fw-la a_o perfect_a argumâ—_n enthymema_n a_o unperfect_a argumâ—_n inductio_fw-la a_o induction_n exemplum_fw-la a_o example_n syllogismus_fw-la be_v a_o argument_n whereby_o the_o last_o sentence_n which_o we_o will_v prove_v be_v confirm_v by_o other_o proposition_n and_o sentence_n more_o universal_a and_o better_o know_v than_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v prove_v contain_v in_o themselves_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o last_o sentence_n be_v true_a and_o why_o they_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o same_o this_o kind_n of_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o general_a word_n to_o the_o kind_n as_o thus_o if_o i_o will_v prove_v theft_n worthy_a of_o punishment_n i_o must_v first_o ask_v the_o question_n why_o &_o that_o thing_n that_o come_v to_o my_o mind_n more_o universal_a than_o theft_n comprehend_v the_o offence_n of_o theft_n in_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o make_v the_o argument_n as_o i_o may_v thus_o reason_v that_o theft_n shall_v be_v punish_v because_o it_o be_v a_o vice_n or_o a_o mischevous_a deed_n and_o then_o thus_o i_o knit_v up_o my_o argument_n every_o vice_n or_o mischevous_a diede_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v theft_n be_v a_o vice_n or_o a_o mischevous_a diede_n therefore_o theft_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v here_o we_o see_v three_o proposition_n or_o sentence_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v call_v mayor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o proposition_n at_o large_a the_o second_o be_v call_v minor_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o several_a proposition_n the_o third_o be_v call_v conclusio_fw-la that_o be_v the_o lap_a up_o of_o all_o and_o here_o
we_o must_v note_v that_o like_o as_o there_o be_v three_o proposition_n even_o so_o there_o be_v three_o diverse_a endynge_n call_v in_o latin_a termini_fw-la of_o the_o which_o the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o term_n at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o proposition_n only_o and_o afterward_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o conclusion_n call_v subiectum_fw-la conclusionis_fw-la the_o second_o term_n be_v call_v the_o several_a which_o be_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n &_o this_o be_v the_o word_n whereof_o the_o question_n be_v make_v &_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o third_o be_v call_v the_o double_a repeat_v which_o be_v twice_o rehearse_v before_o the_o conclusion_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v twice_o rehearse_v because_o it_o be_v the_o knit_n together_o of_o the_o ij_o proposition_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o proposition_n whereof_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v and_o the_o last_o rehearse_v part_n be_v attribute_v to_o 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and_o second_o proposition_n never_o enter_v into_o the_o conclusion_n as_o thus_o every_o vice_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v vice_n be_v the_o double_a repete_fw-la which_o must_v be_v rehearse_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n for_o i_o say_v before_o it_o must_v be_v twice_o rehearse_v because_o it_o may_v be_v evident_a that_o the_o former_a â—art_n of_o the_o conclusion_n be_v in_o very_a deed_n comprehend_v under_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o first_o proposition_n and_o then_o the_o argument_n be_v make_v as_o follow_v every_o vice_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v theft_n be_v a_o vice_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v here_o we_o see_v the_o double_a repete_fw-la which_o prove_v the_o matter_n be_v twice_o rehearse_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o proposition_n and_o enter_v not_o into_o the_o conclusion_n the_o term_n at_o large_a be_v in_o the_o first_o proposition_n and_o the_o term_v several_a be_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n and_o enter_v both_o into_o the_o 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be_v not_o without_o a_o repentant_a heart_n no_o argument_n be_v make_v negative_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o argumentation_n as_o thus_o the_o gospel_n be_v not_o the_o law_n the_o law_n teach_v we_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n therefore_o the_o gospel_n do_v not_o ¶_o or_o thus_o christ_n the_o son_n be_v not_o in_o person_n god_n the_o father_n god_n the_o father_n be_v ever_o live_v therefore_o christ_n be_v not_o everliving_a but_o these_o and_o such_o like_v be_v as_o wise_a as_o this_o that_o follow_v john_n be_v not_o jacke_n jacke_n be_v a_o good_a boy_n therefore_o john_n be_v none_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v no_o argument_n be_v make_v negative_o by_o this_o kind_n of_o reason_v neither_o be_v the_o consequent_a good_a when_o word_n that_o agree_v not_o necessary_o be_v join_v together_o of_o evil_a manner_n be_v make_v good_a law_n good_a law_n be_v thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v praise_v thing_n worthy_a praise_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v therefore_o evil_a manner_n be_v to_o be_v 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not_o contrary_a as_o thus_o this_o officer_n do_v his_o duty_n ergo_fw-la all_o officer_n do_v their_o dutieâ—_n but_o this_o be_v true_a all_o officer_n do_v their_o duty_n ergo_fw-la this_o officer_n do_v his_o duty_n ¶_o the_o second_o rule_n from_o that_o which_o by_o nature_n be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o that_o which_o hap_v casual_o or_o come_v by_o some_o misevill_a the_o reason_n be_v not_o good_a as_o thus_o sober_a diet_n be_v good_a a_o fever_n cause_v sober_a diet_n ergo_fw-la a_o fever_n be_v good_a another_o argument_n use_v by_o the_o romishe_a bishop_n sin_n do_v not_o beget_v man_n the_o work_n of_o lust_n beget_v man_n therefore_o lust_n otherwise_o call_v concupiscentia_fw-la be_v not_o sin_n the_o second_o proposition_n be_v not_o true_a for_o wicked_a concupiscence_n come_v in_o by_o man_n folly_n and_o have_v much_o deface_v that_o which_o nature_n first_o ordain_v therefore_o nature_n itself_o through_o god_n geve_v increase_v which_o be_v much_o contrary_n to_o the_o wicked_a lust_n of_o concupiscence_n ¶_o â—â—e_v three_o rule_n thing_n disagree_a be_v not_o consider_v both_o one_o way_n and_o with_o one_o respect_n the_o gospel_n will_v we_o to_o make_v no_o difference_n of_o meat_n the_o phisicens_n appoint_v we_o a_o diet_n and_o forbid_v we_o this_o and_o that_o ergo_fw-la the_o gospel_n and_o the_o phisicen_n teach_v thing_n contrary_a these_o do_v not_o disagree_v consider_v their_o end_n be_v diverse_a the_o scripture_n forbid_v superstition_n in_o the_o observation_n of_o day_n the_o phisicen_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o state_n of_o a_o man_n body_n ¶_o the_o four_o rule_n the_o argument_n be_v good_a when_o substaunce_n be_v set_v accord_v to_o their_o proper_a difference_n but_o when_o they_o be_v set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o accord_v to_o the_o accident_n which_o be_v convenient_a to_o both_o the_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a as_o thus_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o you_o not_o to_o drink_v wine_n ergo_fw-la to_o drink_v wine_n be_v unlawful_a where_o as_o this_o word_n lawful_a be_v common_a to_o both_o aswell_o to_o drink_v as_o not_o to_o drink_v ¶_o the_o u_o rule_n every_o thing_n the_o more_o that_o other_o thing_n be_v through_o it_o thesame_n be_v always_o the_o more_o itself_o as_o thus_o the_o water_n be_v hot_a through_o fire_n ergo_fw-la the_o fire_n be_v more_o hot_a another_o some_o love_n to_o marry_v for_o good_a therefore_o they_o love_v good_n best_o of_o all_o some_o argument_n make_v accord_v to_o this_o rule_n be_v nothing_o true_a &_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a to_o geve_v warning_n of_o they_o it_o be_v well_o say_v and_o wise_o this_o rule_n hold_v in_o cause_n that_o be_v next_o adjoin_v and_o the_o which_o whole_o compass_v a_o matterâ—_n not_o in_o those_o cause_n that_o be_v fetch_v far_o of_o and_o be_v but_o half_a cause_n partly_o and_o by_o the_o way_n geve_v only_o the_o occasion_n as_o thus_o ouide_v come_v to_o be_v a_o poet_n by_o his_o master_n therefore_o his_o master_n be_v the_o great_a poet_n the_o argument_n be_v not_o good_a in_o those_o cause_n that_o be_v but_o half_a cause_n for_o ovid_n be_v not_o a_o poet_n only_o because_o he_o learn_v precept_n of_o his_o master_n but_o alâ—o_o because_o he_o have_v a_o great_a aptness_n by_o nature_n and_o a_o wonderful_a wit_n to_o do_v better_a than_o another_o some_o hold_v fast_o upon_o a_o sai_n of_o s._n augustine_n and_o build_v wonder_n upon_o that_o text_n i_o will_v not_o believe_v the_o gospel_n say_v augustine_n except_o the_o catholic_a church_n do_v persuade_v i_o and_o hereupon_o say_v they_o the_o gospel_n be_v beleve_v for_o the_o church_n sake_n ergo_fw-la the_o church_n be_v of_o more_o aucthoritee_n and_o here_o they_o heap_v a_o number_n of_o mischief_n therefore_o say_v they_o the_o church_n may_v make_v law_n appoint_v tradition_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v but_o i_o answer_v thus_o the_o antecedent_n be_v false_a for_o i_o chief_o believe_v the_o gospel_n consider_v god_n be_v the_o author_n and_o sing_v the_o wonder_n that_o he_o have_v do_z i_o geve_v credit_n to_o it_o for_o his_o sake_n i_o grant_v we_o do_v believe_v the_o gospel_n for_o the_o church_n sake_n but_o yet_o principal_o for_o that_o god_n be_v the_o chief_a author_n that_o persuade_v we_o to_o receive_v his_o word_n and_o after_o the_o church_n as_o the_o second_o cause_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o gospel_n be_v the_o truth_n of_o god_n therefore_o if_o they_o will_v make_v this_o such_o a_o argument_n as_o they_o seem_v to_o say_v it_o be_v than_o this_o that_o follow_v be_v of_o as_o good_a force_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v like_a this_o child_n be_v a_o good_a boy_n gramercy_o rod._n ergo_fw-la the_o rod_n be_v better_a than_o the_o boy_n
of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o logic_n call_v inuentio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o find_v out_o of_o a_o argument_n hitherto_o we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o former_a part_n of_o logic_n call_v in_o latin_a juditium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v judgement_n or_o skill_n to_o declare_v the_o nature_n of_o everye_o word_n severallie_o to_o set_v the_o same_o word_n in_o a_o perfect_v sentence_n and_o to_o knit_v they_o up_o in_o argument_n so_o that_o hereby_o we_o may_v with_o ease_n espy_v the_o right_a frame_n in_o matter_n how_o they_o agree_v be_v lap_v up_o in_o order_n now_o therefore_o the_o other_o part_n shall_v be_v set_v forth_o which_o be_v call_v inuentio_fw-la whereby_o we_o may_v find_v argument_n and_o reason_n meet_v to_o prove_v every_o matter_n where_o upon_o question_n may_v rise_v this_o part_n be_v the_o store_n house_n of_o place_n wherein_o argument_n rest_v unto_o the_o which_o if_o we_o confer_v the_o matter_n which_o we_o intend_v to_o prove_v there_o 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thereunto_o the_o which_o all_o when_o he_o have_v doneâ—_n he_o shall_v see_v at_o length_n that_o some_o one_o argument_n above_o all_o other_o serve_v best_a to_o confirm_v his_o cause_n the_o which_o when_o with_o travail_n he_o have_v find_v out_o he_o may_v bring_v to_o light_n and_o use_v accord_v to_o his_o will_n ¶_o what_o a_o place_n be_v a_o place_n be_v the_o rest_v corner_n of_o a_o argument_n or_o else_o a_o mark_n which_o give_v warning_n to_o our_o memory_n what_o we_o may_v speak_v probable_o either_o in_o the_o one_o part_n or_o the_o other_o upon_o all_o cause_n that_o fall_v in_o question_n those_o that_o be_v good_a hare_n finder_n will_v soon_o find_v the_o hare_n by_o her_o form_n for_o when_o they_o see_v the_o ground_n beat_v flat_a round_o about_o &_o fair_a to_o the_o sight_n they_o have_v a_o narrow_a guess_n by_o all_o likelihod_n that_o the_o hare_n be_v there_o a_o little_a before_o likewise_o the_o hontesman_n in_o hunt_a the_o fox_n will_v soon_o espy_v when_o he_o see_v a_o hose_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o fox_n borough_n or_o not_o so_o he_o that_o will_v take_v profit_n in_o this_o part_n of_o logic_n must_v be_v like_o a_o hunter_n and_o learn_v by_o labour_n to_o know_v the_o boroughe_n for_o these_o place_n be_v nothing_o elâ—_n but_o coverte_n or_o boroughe_n wherein_o if_o any_o one_o search_n diligent_o he_o may_v find_v game_n at_o pleasure_n and_o although_o perhaps_o one_o place_n fail_v he_o yet_o shall_v he_o find_v a_o dozen_o other_o place_n to_o accomplish_v his_o purpose_n therefore_o if_o any_o one_o will_v do_v good_a in_o this_o kind_n he_o must_v go_v from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o by_o search_v every_o borough_n he_o shall_v have_v his_o purpose_n undoubtedlie_o in_o most_o part_n of_o they_o if_o not_o in_o all_o we_o see_v that_o every_o proposition_n do_v either_o affirm_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a or_o else_o deni_v that_o it_o be_v true_a therefore_o when_o any_o thing_n be_v constant_o saideâ—_n it_o need_v somewhat_o evermore_o to_o confirm_v it_o as_o for_o example_n the_o sacrament_n be_v necessary_a in_o the_o church_n of_o god_n i_o may_v prove_v this_o sa_n true_a by_o reason_v from_o that_o place_n which_o be_v call_v the_o end_n of_o every_o thing_n as_o thus_o to_o geve_v testimony_n of_o our_o faith_n and_o to_o nousell_n ourself_o in_o the_o practice_n thereof_o be_v very_o necessary_a the_o sacrament_n geve_v testimony_n of_o our_o faith_n etc._n etc._n ergo_fw-la the_o sacrament_n be_v very_o necessary_a when_o any_o proposition_n do_v deny_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o have_v a_o third_o word_n which_o may_v agree_v with_o one_o part_n of_o the_o proposition_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v thus_o say_v man_n be_v not_o justify_v by_o his_o work_n the_o place_n of_o repugnaunt_a word_n that_o do_v altogether_o disagree_v geve_v just_a matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v say_v man_n be_v not_o justify_v by_o his_o work_n because_o he_o be_v justify_v by_o his_o faith_n only_o for_o if_o mercy_n come_v by_o grace_n and_o that_o frelie_o than_o work_n can_v save_v us._n paul_n prove_v the_o first_o therefore_o the_o second_o be_v for_o ever_o true_a ¶_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v xxiiâ—â—_n in_o number_n some_o be_v inward_a place_n call_v loci_fw-la interni_fw-la &_o they_o be_v partly_o in_o the_o very_a sub_v &c._a &c._a aâ—_n definitio_fw-la genus_fw-la species_n proprium_fw-la totum_fw-la part_n coniugatae_n and_o partly_o incident_a to_o the_o substance_n as_o adiacentiae_fw-la actus_fw-la subiectum_fw-la either_o kultâ—e_n with_o a_o nigh_o affinity_n call_v cognata_fw-la of_o the_o which_o some_o be_v cause_n as_o efficiens_fw-la finis_fw-la some_o be_v those_o which_o spring_n of_o the_o cause_n call_v euenta_fw-la as_o effectaeâ—_n destinata_fw-la some_o be_v outward_a place_n call_v externi_fw-la that_o be_v not_o in_o the_o substance_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o without_o it_o and_o these_o be_v ¶_o or_o else_o apply_v to_o the_o thing_n not_o king_n the_o cause_n thereof_o but_o only_o geve_v a_o name_n thereunto_o call_v applicita_n as_o locus_n tempus_fw-la connexa_fw-la or_o else_o they_o be_v accident_n whereof_o there_o be_v u_o contingentiae_fw-la pronunciatae_fw-la nomen_fw-la râ—i_fw-la comparate_a similia_fw-la or_o else_o they_o be_v repuâ—nancies_n as_o opposita_fw-la differentia_fw-la ¶_o of_o the_o difinition_fw-la there_o be_v seven_o place_n which_o be_v in_o the_o substance_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o definition_fw-la the_o general_a word_n the_o kind_n the_o property_n the_o whole_a the_o part_n the_o yoke_v word_n a_o definition_fw-la be_v a_o perfect_a sentence_n whereby_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v set_v forth_o and_o expound_v you_o may_v reason_v from_o this_o place_n both_o affirmative_o and_o negative_o as_o thus_o fortitude_n be_v a_o virtue_n that_o fight_v in_o the_o querel_n of_o right_n i_o may_v reason_v thus_o 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as_o when_o i_o be_o loath_a to_o be_v of_o a_o quest_n or_o that_o any_o such_o business_n shall_v trouble_v i_o be_v send_v for_o i_o feign_v myself_o sick_a because_o i_o will_v not_o glad_o come_v or_o when_o one_o that_o be_v scotfree_a shall_v help_v a_o poor_a man_n to_o say_v god_n help_v you_o sir_n i_o have_v a_o great_a charge_n myself_o i_o can_v not_o do_v for_o you_o or_o when_o a_o bisshoppe_n shall_v be_v desire_v to_o teach_v or_o preach_v to_o say_v he_o be_v sick_a or_o when_o a_o lawyer_n be_v desire_v to_o help_v a_o poor_a man_n and_o proffer_v there_o upon_o a_o little_a money_n even_o so_o much_o as_o the_o poor_a man_n can_v not_o well_o spare_v and_o yet_o not_o half_a so_o much_o as_o the_o lawyer_n will_v have_v straight_o to_o say_v i_o be_o sorry_a i_o can_v not_o do_v for_o you_o if_o i_o be_v not_o call_v upon_o otherwise_o by_o diverse_a man_n i_o will_v not_o faâ—l_v to_o do_v you_o good_a this_o be_v as_o they_o say_v in_o english_a better_a a_o bad_a excuse_n than_o none_o at_o all_o in_o latin_a it_n be_v call_v non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la posita_fw-la and_o the_o use_n of_o such_o excuse_n among_o the_o rhetorician_n be_v call_v translatio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o shifting_n or_o put_v of_o the_o fault_n from_o one_o to_o a_o other_o as_o we_o read_v that_o demades_n use_v a_o wonderful_a good_a shift_n when_o it_o be_v laidesore_n to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v write_v a_o very_a naughty_a decree_n and_o unhonest_a for_o the_o obtain_a of_o the_o peace_n at_o alexander_n hand_n he_o answer_v that_o the_o same_o decree_n be_v not_o write_v with_o his_o own_o write_v pen_n but_o with_o alexander_n war_v spear_n which_o be_v asmuch_o to_o say_v fear_n do_v drive_v he_o to_o take_v such_o and_o such_o condition_n of_o peace_n we_o read_v a_o notable_a history_n of_o a_o young_a child_n in_o rome_n call_v papirius_n which_o because_o both_o it_o be_v pleasant_a &_o much_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o and_o 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other_o rule_v above_o rehearse_v be_v one_o well_o dige_v for_o the_o rule_n be_v touch_v stone_n to_o try_v untruth_n and_o to_o frame_v matter_n right_a and_o general_o good_a heed_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v that_o the_o matter_n &_o form_n of_o everye_o argument_n be_v true_a accord_v to_o the_o rulesâ—_n for_o by_o these_o two_o point_n all_o error_n be_v espy_v the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o matâ—er_n call_v in_o latin_a materia_fw-la when_o word_n be_v doubtful_a and_o may_v diverse_o be_v take_v &_o also_o when_o the_o pith_n or_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v confound_v &_o straungelye_o use_v by_o word_n join_v together_o &_o thing_n not_o orderly_o place_v in_o all_o which_o kind_n of_o argument_n you_o must_v use_v either_o a_o flat_a denial_n of_o the_o proposition_n or_o else_o use_v a_o distinction_n to_o show_v how_o the_o argument_n may_v be_v true_a and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v false_a accord_v as_o it_o be_v understand_v we_o use_v a_o denial_n when_o of_o two_o 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this_o word_n fire_n as_o terence_n accede_v ad_fw-la ignem_fw-la hunc_fw-la iam_fw-la calesces_fw-la plus_fw-la satis_fw-la come_v to_o this_o fire_n say_v parmeno_n to_o phedria_n meaning_n thais_n the_o harlotte_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v as_o hot_a as_o coal_n by_o &_o by_o therefore_o where_o such_o speech_n be_v use_v it_o be_v always_o call_v in_o latin_a metaphora_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o turn_v from_o the_o proper_a signification_n to_o that_o which_o be_v not_o proper_a wherein_o the_o old_a philosopher_n have_v wonderful_o excel_v as_o diogenes_n socrates_n and_o in_o our_o time_n sir_n thomas_n more_o a_o man_n for_o his_o wit_n very_o singular_a
the_o fault_n that_o be_v in_o the_o form_n or_o manner_n of_o make_v as_o we_o call_v it_o may_v be_v dissolve_v when_o we_o show_v that_o the_o conclusion_n be_v not_o well_o prove_v by_o the_o former_a proposition_n and_o that_o the_o argument_n be_v either_o not_o well_o make_v in_o figure_n or_o in_o mode_n or_o in_o both_o for_o of_o true_a thing_n none_o other_o thing_n can_v be_v conclude_v but_o truth_n if_o the_o due_a form_n of_o conclude_v be_v observe_v and_o the_o just_a place_n or_o set_v of_o the_o term_n call_v in_o latin_a termini_fw-la as_o you_o hard_o before_o be_v true_o keâ—t_v as_o the_o rule_n before_o have_v teach_v notwithstanding_o of_o false_a proposition_n a_o undoubted_a truth_n may_v well_o enough_o be_v conclude_v as_o thus_o every_o sin_n may_v be_v suffereâ—_n in_o a_o common_a weal_n every_o execution_n do_v by_o a_o law_n be_v sin_n ergo_fw-la every_o execution_n doâ—n_v by_o law_n may_v be_v suffer_v in_o a_o common_a weal_n the_o two_o first_o 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be_v profitable_a and_o cause_v much_o plenty_n first_o it_o be_v in_o no_o figure_n because_o the_o double_a repete_fw-la in_o the_o first_o proposition_n be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o the_o second_o proposition_n be_v the_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o there_o â—e_v four_o term_n in_o the_o two_o proposition_n again_o it_o be_v in_o no_o mode_n because_o the_o first_o proposition_n in_o the_o first_o figure_n be_v not_o universal_a and_o this_o may_v suffice_v which_o hitherto_o i_o have_v rehearse_v for_o the_o solute_n of_o a_o argument_n for_o asmuch_o as_o he_o that_o can_v divide_v define_v and_o make_v his_o argument_n in_o mode_n and_o figure_n accord_v to_o the_o rule_v before_o mention_v and_o diligent_o mark_v doubtful_a word_n shall_v soon_o espy_v the_o fault_n in_o a_o evil_a argument_n for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_z that_o he_o which_o know_v the_o best_a shall_v easy_o judge_v and_o with_o out_o difficulty_n espy_v the_o worst_a and_o now_o the_o rather_o to_o delight_v the_o reader_n i_o will_v add_v here_o certain_a witty_a question_n and_o argument_n which_o can_v hardly_o be_v avoid_v and_o yet_o pleasant_a &_o therefore_o not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v know_v ¶_o they_o be_v call_v trap_a argument_n because_o few_o that_o answer_n unto_o they_o can_v avoid_v danger_n and_o thuâ—_n they_o be_v name_v in_o strange_a word_n crocodilites_fw-la antistrephon_n ceratine_n aâ—isâ—aton_n cacosistaton_n vtis_fw-la pseudomenos_n ¶_o crocodilites_fw-la crocodilites_fw-la be_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o subtlety_n that_o when_o we_o have_v grant_v a_o thing_n to_o our_o adversary_n be_v asâ—ed_v before_o what_o we_o will_v say_v the_o same_o turn_v to_o our_o harm_n afterward_o and_o cause_v a_o inconvenience_n thereupon_o to_o ensue_v author_n do_v feign_v that_o the_o crocodile_n be_v a_o monster_n in_o egypt_n do_v take_v a_o woman_n child_n from_o she_o and_o speak_v with_o the_o mother_n in_o this_o wise_a woman_n i_o will_v geve_v the_o thy_o child_n again_o if_o thou_o will_v say_v truth_n to_o i_o &_o tell_v i_o assure_o whether_o i_o will_v geve_v the_o thy_o child_n again_o or_o no_o she_o answer_v i_o know_v assure_o thou_o will_v not_o geve_v i_o my_o child_n again_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v reason_n i_o have_v my_o child_n again_o because_o i_o have_v say_v truth_n nay_o say_v the_o crocodile_n i_o will_v not_o geve_v the_o thy_o child_n again_o because_o thou_o may_v be_v seen_v to_o have_v say_v truth_n less_o that_o if_o i_o geve_v the_o thy_o child_n again_o thou_o shall_v have_v make_v a_o lie_n neither_o yet_o will_v i_o have_v give_v the_o thy_o child_n again_o if_o thou_o have_v â—aid_v otherwise_o because_o they_o thou_o have_v not_o say_v truth_n and_o hereof_o this_o argument_n have_v his_o name_n call_v crocodilites_fw-la notwithstanding_o luciane_n tell_v this_o tale_n after_o a_o other_o sort_n &_o make_v chrisâ—ppus_n to_o ask_v a_o other_o man_n what_o he_o will_v say_v in_o case_n he_o shall_v be_v ask_v such_o a_o question_n of_o the_o crocodile_n as_o i_o have_v before_o rehearse_v ¶_o antistrephon_n antistrephon_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o to_o turn_v a_o man_n sai_v into_o his_o own_o neck_n again_o and_o to_o make_v that_o which_o he_o bring_v for_o his_o own_o purpose_n to_o serve_v for_o our_o purpose_n in_o latin_a it_o may_v be_v call_v inuersio_fw-la auluâ—_n gellius_n have_v a_o notable_a example_n of_o pythagoras_n a_o noble_a sophiste_n &_o euathus_n scholar_n to_o the_o same_o pythagoras_n this_o euathus_n be_v a_o very_a scotfree_a young_a man_n and_o glad_a to_o learn_v eloquence_n and_o to_o plead_v cause_n in_o the_o common_a place_n this_o young_a man_n therefore_o consider_v pythagoras_n to_o be_v a_o singular_a man_n in_o this_o behalf_n &_o a_o meet_a schoolmaster_n for_o his_o purpose_n desire_v to_o be_v his_o scholar_n and_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o a_o great_a some_o of_o money_n for_o his_o pain_n even_o 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the_o now_o say_v pythagoras_n and_o learn_v therefore_o folishe_a fellow_n as_o thou_o be_v &_o mark_v this_o point_n for_o thy_o learning_n whether_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v with_o the_o or_o against_o the_o i_o shall_v have_v my_o money_n every_o groat_n of_o it_o if_o thou_o be_v cast_v in_o the_o law_n i_o have_v win_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n if_o thou_o be_v not_o cast_v but_o get_v the_o overhaâ—de_n by_o judgement_n of_o theâ—e_n man_n yet_o must_v i_o have_v it_o nevertheless_o because_o our_o bargain_n be_v so_o make_v when_o i_o first_o begin_v to_o teach_v the._n euathus_n hear_n this_n answer_v as_o you_o shall_v hear_v i_o can_v easy_o sir_n avoid_v this_o your_o crooked_a subtlety_n and_o be_v without_o all_o danger_n if_o i_o will_v not_o stand_v at_o the_o bar_n myself_o but_o get_v some_o