Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	effect_n	nature_n	1,689	5	5.4122	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A86079	The anatomical exercises of Dr. William Harvey professor of physick, and physician to the Kings Majesty, concerning the motion of the heart and blood. [Part 3] Two anatomical exercitations concerning the circulation of the blood to John Riolan the son ... With the preface of Zachariah Wood physician of Roterdam. To which is added Dr. James De Back his Discourse of the heart, physician in ordinary to the town of Roterdam.	Harvey, William, 1578-1657.	1653 (1653)	Wing H1083_pt3; Thomason E1477_2; ESTC R20704_pt3	39,257	87

into the Basis of the heart the blood returns most spedity By an experiment any man may try that pleases by the veins let the arm be tyed as the custome is with a gentle ligature and let it remain tyed so long still moving the arm up and down till the veins all of them swell exceedingly and the skin grow very red below the ligature and then let the hand be washed with Snow or cold water till the blood gatherd below the ligature be cold enough then presently untying the ligature you shall find by the cold blood which returns how swiftly it runs back to the heart and what a change it will make in its return thither so that it is not to be wondred at that in the untying of the ligature in blood letting some have sounded This experiment does demonstrate that the veins below the ligature do not swell with blood attenuated and puft up with spirit but with blood only and such blood which can be reverberated into the arteries through the Anastomosis of the parts or the hidden Meanders It likewise shews how those that passe over snowy mountains are often suddenly seas'd with death and many such like Lest it should seem a difficult businesse how the blood should passe through the pores of the parts and go hither and thither I will add one experiment It happens after the same manner to those that are strangled and hang'd with a rope as it does in the typing of the arm that beyond the cord their face eyes lips tongue and all the upper parts of their head are stust'd with very much blood grow extreamred and swell till they look black in such a carcase untying the rope in whatsoever position you set it within a very few hours you shall see all the blood leave the face and the head and see it as it were fall down with its own weight from the upper to the lower parts through the pores of the skin and flesh and the rest of the parts and that it fills all the parts below and the skin chiefly colours it with black matter how much more lively and sprightly the blood is in a living body and by how much more penetrating it is through the porosites than congealed blood especially when it is condens'd through all the habit of the body by the cold of death the ways too being stopp'd and hinder'd so much the more easie and ready is the passage in those that are alive through all the parts Renatus de Cartes a most acute and ingenious man to whom for his honourable mentioning of my name I am much indebted and others with him when they see the heart of a fish taken out placed upon an even board imitate a pulse by collecting it self in its erection up-lifting vigoration they think that it is ampliated and dilated and that the ventricles of it become more capacious not according to my opinion For when it is gathered at that time the capacities of it are rather streightned and it is certain that it is then in its Sistole and not in its Diastole as neither when it falls weak and flagging and is relax'd it is then in its Diastole or distention and thence the ventricles become wider so in a dead man we do not say that his heart is in the Diastole because it is flagging without any Systole destitute of all manner of motion and not distended at all for it is distended properly and is in the Diastole when it is fill'd by the impulsion of the blood and contraction of the ear as in the Anatomie of living things is evident enough Therefore they understand not how much the relaxation and falling of the heart and arteries differ from their distention and Diastole that distention relaxation and constriction come not of the same causes but from contrary causes as making contrary effects and diverse as making divers motions as all Anatomists know very well that the opposite muscles in any part called Antagonistae are the causes of severall motions to wit of adduction and extension so there is necessarily by nature fram'd contrarie and divers active organs for contrary and divers motions Nor dos this efficient cause of pulse which he sets down according to Aristotle please me to wit that the ebullition of the blood shall be both the cause of the Systole and of the Diastole For these motions are sudden stroaks and swift hits And there is nothing that swels so like leaven or boyls up so suddenly in the twinkling of an eye and falls again but that rises leisurely and falls suddenly besides indissection you may by your own eye-sight discern that the ventricles of the heart are distended and fill'd by the constriction of the ears and are encreas'd in bignesse according as they are fill'd more or lesse and that the distention of the heart is a kind of violent motion done by impulsion not by an attraction There are some who think as there is no need of impulsion for the aliment in the nourishing of Plants but it is by little and little drawn into the place of that which is spent by the indigent parts so the vegetive faculty performs its work alike in both but there is a difference Calid influxive is continually requir'd to the entertaining of the members of creatures and preserving of vivifying heat in them and for restoring of the parts which suffer by outward injury and not for nutrition onely So much of Circulation which if it be not duely perform'd or be hinder'd or perverted or go too swiftly there follows many dangerous sorts of diseases and admirable symptoms either in the veins as swellings abscessions griefs haemeroids flux of blood or in the arteries as swellings boyls strong and pricking pains aneurisms tumors in the flesh fluxions sudden suffocations asthma's stupidity apoplexy and others innumerable Likewise it is not fit to tel in this place how as it were with an Enchantment many things are cur'd and taken away which were thought incurable I may set down such things in my medicinal observations and discourses of Pathologie which I have hitherto known to be observ'd by none I will conclude most learned Riolax to give you more ample satisfaction because you think that there is no Circulation in the mesentericks Let the vena porta be tied neer to the cymus of the liver in a live dissection which you may easily try you shall see by the swelling of the veins beneath the ligature that same come to pass which happens in blood-letting by tying of the arm which will show you the passage of the blood there And when you shall hear any man of that opinion that by Anastomosis the blood can come out of the veins into the arteries tye in a live dissection the great vein near the division of the crurals and as soon as you cut the arterie because it finds passage you shall see all the masse of blood emptied out of all the veins nay out of the ascendent cava too by the pulse of the heart in a very short time yet that below the ligature the crural veins parts below are only full Which if it could any way have returned into the arteries by an Anastomosis should never have come to passe FINIS

the blood be again returned to that place where it first began that is to say to the right ear These things you may try at your pleasure cutting up one of the longer arteries as the jugular which if you take betwixt your fingers you shall clearly discern how it loses its pulse and recovers it again beats lesse or more And as these things may be tryed whilst the brest is whole so opening the brest and the lungs afterwards being collaps'd and all motion of respiration gone you may easily try it to wit that the left ear is contracted and emptyed that it becomes more whitish and that it doth at last together with the left ventricle intermit in its pulse beat leisurely and at last leave off And likewise by the hole which you may cut in the arterie you may see the blood come forth lesse and lesse in a smaller thred and that at last to wit in the defect of blood and the impulsion of the left ventricle no more will flow You may likewise try this same in the tying of the vena arteriosa and so take away the pulse of the left ear and with untying it restore the pulse at your pleasure Whence the same thing is evidently try'd by experiment which is seen in dying persons that as first the left ventricle desists from motion and pulse and afterwards the left ear then the right ventricle pulse lastly the right ear so where the vital faculty begins first it ends last Which being tried by the sense it is manisest that the blood passes only through the semptum of the heart and not through the lungs and only through them whilst they are mov'd in respiration and not when they are fallen or disquieted For which cause in an Embryon not as yet breathing Nature instead of the passage in the arteria venosa that matter may be furnish'd to the left ventricle and the left ear opens an oval hole which she shuts in young men and those that breath freely It likewise appears why those that have the vessels of their lungs oppress'd and stuff'd or those that have any losse of their breath it is present token of death It is likewise clear why the blood of the lungs is so flame-colour'd for it is thinnest that is straind through there It is beside to be observ'd from our former conclusion in order to those who require the causes of Circulation think the power of the heart to be the effecter of all things and as it is the author of transmission by pulse so with Aristotle they think it the author of attraction and generation of blood and that the Spirits are made by the heart and the influxive heat that by the innat heat of the heart as by the immediat instrument of the soul or by a common bond and the first organ for perfecting of all the works of life And so the motion of the blood and spirit its perfection and heat and every property thereof to be borrow'd from the heart as from its beginning which Arist. says is in in the blood as in hot water or boyling pottage is in the heart and that it is the first cause of pulsation and life If I may speak freely I do not think that these things are so as they are commonly believed for there are many things which perswade me to that opinion which I will take notice of in the generation of creatures which are not fit here to be rehersed but it may be things more wonderful than these and such as will give more light to natural Philosophie shall be publish'd by me Yet in the mean time I will say and propound it without demonstration with the leave of most learned men and reverence to antiquity that the heart as it is the beginning of all things in the body the spring fountain and first causer of life is so to be taken as being joynd together with the veins and all arteries and the blood which is containd in thē Like as the brain together with all its sensible nervs organs and spinal marrow is the adequate organ of the sense as the phrase is But if you understand by this word heart the body of the heart with the ventricles and ears I do not think it to be the framer of the blood and that it has not force vertue motion or heat as the gift of the heart and next that the same is not the cause of the Diastole distention which is the cause of the Systole and contraction whether in the ears or arteries but that part of the pulse which is call'd a Diastole comes of another cause diverse from the Systole and ought to go before every Systole I think the first cause of distention is innate heat in the blood it self which like leaven by little and little attenuated and swelling is the last thing that is extinct in the creature I agree to Aristotles instance of pottage or milk in so far as he thinks that elevation or depression of the blood does not come of vapours or exhalations or Spirits rais'd into a vaporous or eareal form nor is not caus'd by any external agent but by the regulating of Nature an internal principle Nor is the heart as some think like a charcoal-fire like a hot Kettle the beginning of heat and blood but rather the blood delivers that heat which it has receiv'd to the heart as likewise to all the rest of the parts as being the hottest of all Therefore arteries and the coronal veins are assign'd to the heart for that use which they are assign'd to the rest of the parts to wit for influx of heat for the entertaining and conservation of it therefore all the hotter parts how much more sanguine they are and more abundant with blood they are said convertibly so to be and thus the heart having signall concavities is to be thought the Ware-house continuall fire and fountain of the blood not because of the corpulency of it but because of the blood which it contains like a hot Kettle as in the same manner the spleen lungs an other parts are thought hot because they have many veins or vessels containing blood And after this manner do I believe that the native heat call'd innate to be the first efficient cause of pulse as likewise to be the common instrument of all operations This as yet I do not constantly aver but propound it as a Thesis I would fain know what may be objected by good and learned men without scurrilitie of words reproaches or base language and any body shall be welcome to do it These things then are as it were the parts and the footsteps of the passage and Circulation of the blood to wit from the right ear into the ventricle out of the ventricle through the lungs into the left ear then into the left ventricle into the aorta and into all the arteries from the heart by the porosities of the part into the veins and by the veins