Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	effect_n	nature_n	1,689	5	5.4122	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A77712	Vade mecum or, a companion for a chyrurgion: fitted for times of peace or war. Compendiously shewing the yong artist the use of every severall instrument belonging to a chyrurgion; and the vertues and qualities of all such medicines as are needfull and necessary, with the maner of compounding them, according to the most approved authors. As also the perfect cure of green wounds, either incised or contused, ulcers, fistulaes, fractures, and dislocations. To which is added the maner of making reports before a judge of assize, of any one that hath come to an untimely end. By Tho. Brugis Doctor in Physick.	Brugis, Thomas, fl. 1640?; Cross, Thomas, fl. 1632-1682, engraver.	1651 (1651)	Wing B5225; Thomason E1357_2; ESTC R209491	89,747	252

For Dorycnium take Mandrake contra For Fir-leaves take the leaves of Poplar For leaves of Muncks Rubarb take leaves of Docks For Spurge take Tythimal For White-water-lillies use the Yellow contra For leaves of petty spurge take Tythimal For Female fearn use the Male. For Smyrnium use Smallage or Parsely For Garden-nightshade use Winter-cherry For Acacia use juyce of Sloes For opium use juyce of wild-lettice or tame but in a greater quantity For Opobalsome use liquid Styrax or oyl of Myrrhe For licorice use the juyce or decoction or the juyce of Raisons of the Sun For juyce of Citrons take juyce of Limons For Thymelaea take Chamaelaea For Sowbread take Orris For Aloe take juyce of Wormwood For Rain-water use rather River-water then Well-water For Carpobalsome use seed of Lentisk or Turpentine or Cubebs in a lesser dose For the licour of the Cedar tree use the oyl of Juniper bows or gum of Juniper For Xylobalsome use the tendrels of Lentisk For Galbanum use Sagapenum For Sagapenum use Oppoponax half the quantity For Ammoniacum use Beeglew For Oppoponax use Ammoniacum Bdellium or Galbanum For Frankinsence use Mastich or Rosin of the pine dry For liquid Pitch use Pitch dissolved in oyl For Pissasphaltum use Pitch and Bitumen For Mummie take Pissasphaltum For Lacca take Myrrhe For Bears-grease take Fox-grease For Goose-grease take Ducks or Hens-grease For Capons-grease take Hens-greas For Antimony take burnt lead contra For Lithargy take burnt-lead For lead take Pewter For spodium take burnt Harts horn The manner how to make Reports FOrasmuch as upon divers occasions the Artist maybe called to deliver his opinion either of the death of any person or of the weaknesse and deprivation of any member in the function or execution of its proper office and duty and to give his testimony and report to a Magistrate or Coroners Enquest which may be a matter of great concernment I have for the benefit of young Artists and the good of the Commonwealth taken out of Ambrosius Paraus these following rules to which I have added what I have found by mine own practice I shall therefore wish the Artist to observe that exhortation which he gives that is That he have an honest minde and a carefull regard of true piety the fear of God and love to his neighbour before his eyes that he be not carried away with favour or affection nor corrupted with money or rewards but to declare the truth wholly and without partiality Let the Artist be carefull in the searching of such wounds as are brought to him that he be not deceived in making his probation but let the Patient be placed in the same posture he was in when he received the hurt otherwise a wound may seem by the probe to bee small when indeed it is mortal If therefore he be doubtful then let him suspend his judgement from the first day to the ninth by which time the accidents and symptomes will manifest the condition of the wound The general signes whereby we judge of diseases are four for they are drawn either from the nature and essence of the disease or from the cause or effects thereof or else from the similitude proportion and comparison of those diseases with the season or present constitution of the times Therefore if we are called to the cure of a green wound whose nature and danger is no other but a simple solution of continuity in the musculous flesh we may presently pronounce that wound to be of no danger and that it will soon be cured But if it have an Ulcer annexed to it that is if it be sanious then we may say it will be more difficult and long in curing and so we may pronounce of all diseases taking a signe of their essence and nature But of the signes that are taken of the causes let this be an example A wound that is made with a sharp pointed and heavy weapon as with an Halberd being stricken with great violence must be accounted great and also mortal if the accidents be correspondent But if the Patient fall to the ground through the violence of the stroke if a cholerick vomiting follow thereon if his sight fail him together with a giddinesse if bloud come forth at his eyes and nostrils if distraction follow with losse of memory and sense of feeling we may say That all the hope of life remaineth in one small signe which is to be deduced from the effects of the wound But by the comparing it unto the season that then is and diseases that assault mans body we may say That all those that are wounded with Gunshot are in danger of death as it happened in the Castle and Town of Wallingford in Berk● a Garrison of the late King which being infected with the Plague by those that fled from Abingdon which was fore visited the ayre became so disturbed that very few wounds made by Gunshot but proved mortal If the Patient fall down with the stroke if he lye senselesse as it were asleep if he void his excrements unwittingly if he be taken with a giddinesse if bloud come out of his ears mouth and nose and if he vomit choller you may understand that the scull is fractured or pierced through by the defect in his understanding or discourse You may also know when the scull is fractured by the judgement of your externall senses as if by feeling it with your finger you finde it elevated or depressed beyond the naturall limits if by striking it with the end of a probe when the pericranium or nervous filme that investeth the scull is cut crosse-wise and so divided there from it yeeld a base and unperfect sound like unto a potsherd that is broken or like an earthen pitcher that hath a crack or by a thred holden betwixt the teeth and the other end in your fingers and strike upon it as upon a Fiddle-string But we may say that death is at hand if his reason and understanding faile if he be speechlesse if his sight forsake him if he would tumble headlong out of his bed being not at all able to move the other parts of his body if he have a continuall feaver if his tongue be black with drinesse if the edges of the wound be black or dry and cast forth no sanious matter if they resemble the colour of salted flesh if he have an Apoplexie Phrensie Convulsion or Palsie with an involuntary excretion or absolute suppression of the urine and excrements You may know that a man hath his throat that is his weason and windpipe cut first by the sight of his wound and next by the abolishment of the function or office thereof both wayes for the Patient can neither speak nor swallow any meat or drink and the parts that are cut asunder divide themselves by retraction upwards or downwards one from another whereof commeth sudden or present death You may know that a wound hath pierced into the breast or concavity of

Vade Mecum OR A COMPANION FOR A CHYRURGION fitted for times of peace or war Compendiously shewing the yong Artist the use of every severall Instrument belonging to a CHYRURGION and the vertues and qualities of all such Medicines as are needfull and necessary with the maner of compounding them according to the most approved Authors As also the perfect cure of green wounds either incised or contused Ulcers Fistulaes Fractures and Dislocations To which is added the maner of making Reports before a Judge of Assize of any one that hath come to an untimely end By THO. BRUGIS Doctor in Physick LONDON Printed by T. H. for THOMAS WILLIAM at the sign of the Bible in Little Britain 1652. T. Cross sculpsit The Preface EVery thing in the world is a naturall vision which wee ought to see and understand for the more cleare apprehension of the invisible Majesty of God but of all these man is the most to be admired being the worthiest most excelent of all the Creators works for whom God made all that was made There are some that hold an opinion that onely Nature was the first cause of things and that there is no other God than Nature but they are easily overthrown if they consider That Prima causa quod superiorem non agnoscat a qua suum esse acceperit ipsa sui ipsius causa est natura verò non a seipsa sed a principio superiori existit cum enim finita sit ut ex Coelorum motu patet ab alio certè definita est nihil siquidem seipsum definit ad haec si natura seipsum fecerit quae primae causae proprietas est certe seipsum fecit naturaliter quae vero naturaliter fiunt ex praeexistente materia fiunt ut si natura facta sit naturaliter eam ex materia praeexistente fieri oportuerit quod si statuatur natura nondum existente consequiter aliquid factum esse naturaliter naturam aliquid fecisse priusquam ipsamet existent non est ergo natura prima rerum causa That God made man and all things else in the world and subjected them to the power of man cannot be denyed and why he did this Plato tels you Ut a Deo bono opera bona fierent si ergo quaerimus saith one quis faecerit Deus est si per quod dixit fiat facta sunt si quare fiat quia bonus est nec enim auctor est excellentior Deo nec ars efficacior Dei verbo nec causa melior quam ut bonum crearetur a Deo bono Now although all these things were created of divers natures and properties yet by the incomprehensible wisdome of the Creator they were apoynted to tend to one certaine and common end namely to serve man and in him to shew forth the infinite power and greatnesse of their work master But in man alone the treasures of his heavenly graces are without comparison more liberally unfolded and that in all fulnesse and bounty as well in regard of the goods and commodities of this life as also in respect of the assured happinesse and eternall felicity which by the especiall grace of God is purchased and assured to him only in the immortality of the second life And forasmuch as every Countrey is not furnished with all sorts of things God having so disposed thereof that some should abound with those things which others greatly want and stand in need of the omnipotent providence hath taught us the means of transporting by water from one countrey to another with small loss trouble charges so that one Nation may communicate those cōmodities to another which the Creator hath bestowed upon them all each granting mutual help to the other by this meanes Now this great master-piece of the Creator the best part of nothing for whom all these were made through his disobedience pride ambition intemperance incredulity curiosity from whence proceeded originall sinne and that generall corruption of mankinde as from a fountaine flowed all bad inclinations and actuall transgressions which cause our severall calamities inflicted upon us for our sinnes and are the impulsive causes of all the miseries attending man these cause the privation and destruction of Gods image the cause of death and diseases of all temporall and eternall punishments from hence likewise proceed the instrumentall causes of our infirmities which are as divers as the infirmities themselves stars heavens elements c. and all the creatures which God hath made are armed against sinners they were indeed once good in themselves and that they are now many of them pernicious to us is not in their nature but our corruption which hath caused it as an ancient Philosopher notes to us by a comparison of those that saile in a Ship upon the water who are not above two or three fingers distant from death namely so far off as the thicknesse of the planks and timber of the Ship is in which they are carried into the Sea for if that timber were taken away from under them they cannot avoid drowning but we have death a great deale nearer to us wee carry it about us by infinite causes and means whereby we are every houre in danger of stifeling poysoning drowning c. and that both waking and sleeping eating and drinking at all times and in all places where-ever we become It hath pleased the omnipotent Creator out of his owne meer mercy and great providence to give knowledge and understanding of the vertues and qualities of the creatures which he hath placed in the world and of them to compound Medicines to withstand all such diseases as shall happen upon the bodies of this most noble Fabrick Next therefore to God we ought in all our extremities to seek to and relye upon the Physitian who is Manus Dei and to whom he hath given knowledge that he might bee glorified in his wondrous works read Ecclesiasticus the thirty eight Chapter where you may finde what honour and respect belongs to the Physitian but not meaning every one that steals the name of a Physitian for there be many Mountebanks Quacksalvers Empericks in every street almost and in every village that take upon them this name and make this divine noble and profitable Art to be evill spoken of and contemned by reason of such base and illiterate Artificers You have heard what the subject is the Artist hath to work upon the excellency whereof I would have him diligently to consider by contemplating the Heavens the Earth the Seas and all the creatures therein their excellency and admirable beauty which were onely created for the use of man and are maintained and preserved in their being and moving by one and the same divine providence alwaies like unto it selfe Next let him consider with what care diligence and respect he ought to behave himselfe towards this noble peece of workmanship and to that end let the Artist be honest having a good conscience doing nothing in his

the spirits be weak it will not be amisse to give the Patient a cordial made after this manner ℞ French-barley one heaped spoonfull Running-water one pound Boyl them a walm or two and pour out that water and when it is cold put to it Syrup violarum two ounces Confect Alkermes one scruple Shake them well together and give him a spoonfull every three or four hours Vlcers VVHen you first see an Ulcer with an intention of undertaking the cure of it you shall observe whether the Ulcer pierce through the joynt whether the ligaments be rotten or the ends of the bones and the like whereby you shall plainly see tokens of incurability if you perceive none of these then in the name of God go forward on this wise following First give him a potion to purge him made thus ℞ Pulv. Arthritici one dram Trochis alhaud four grains Rad. Jalapi praep one cruple Syrup ros sol two ounces Vini albi one ounce and half Shake them well together in a glasse and give it the Patient a little warm if he be strong and his body be soul else you must lessen the quantities of the powders after he is well purged you shall go forward with your dressing and the first thing you shall use shall be basilicon mingled with precipitate and laid upon lint and over it a diacalciteos plaister this will bring it to digestion and thicken the humour when you perceive the Ulcer to be clean then you may use diapompholigos and nutritum or the red desiccative either of which will both incarnate stop the humour and cicatrize but it will not be amisse in the mean time to lay a defensative above the Ulcer round about the member made after this manner ℞ Boli armeni half a pound Aceti Succi plantaginis of each half a pound Ol. rosarum four ounces Mytellorum one ounce Albanien ovi unius Mingle all together in a mortar to an Unguent and lay it upon cap paper pretty thick and apply it Three or four dayes after you have purged your Patient you shall give him a good sweat which you may do with eight grains of Antimony diaphoretick made into a Pill with a little Mithridate It will be convenient likewise to give him a dyet-drink of China sarsaparilla polipodium and the like as you shall finde in the compositions but this you need not do unlesse it be an old foul Ulcer in abody full of grosse humours When you find the Ulcer begin to incarnate you may dresse it three or four dayes with onely dry lint and then three or four dayes with unguent and then to dry lint again keeping still over it either a plaister of Red-lead or diacalciteos If the Ulcer have any cavities it will be the surest way to lay them open by incision and fasten a cupping-glasse upon it to draw out the filthy humours that are gathered to the place Never suffer an Ulcer to be round for that will either hardly or never heal and if you see the edges grow thick like lips then you shall scarifie them with a lancet and let out the grosse bloud which hinders the healing To correct proud and spungious flesh in Ulcers or Fistulaes you have Trochisks of Red-lead But to cleanse and hea● Ulcers or Fistulaes that are troublesome I will give you one receit of Feruelius which you will finde to be worthy the taking notice of and it is this ℞ Of the best sublimate twelve grains Plantain water six ounces Boyl them in a well glased vessel close covered untill half be wasted and with this wash the Ulcer or Fistula with a probe armed with line as occasion shall offer I will not much inlarge my self in directions concerning Wounds and Ulcers because I have already in my Compositions shewed you the vertue the quality of medicines fit for the purpose and the Artist must endeavour to know the true way of application of them by his practice onely thus much I thought good to publish out of mine own practice for the benefit of the younger sort of Chyrurgions and so I will proceed to Fractures and Dislocations which I shall touch very briefly The Cure of fractures and dislocations First let the Artist lay the patient in a fitting posture that he may conveniently extend the member then let him appoint one man to take the end of the member in both his hands extending it by degrees not on a sudden and by jumps let him place another to hold the patient that he move as little as may be the Artist standing by the patient shall graspe the fractured part with both his hands and as the other extends the member he shall with his fingers reduce all the fractured bones to their places But before he begins to reduce them he must make ready such things as are needfull and necessary for the worke as first a plaister of Diapalma about six inches broad or so big as will cover something more than the fracture and long enough to compasse the member two cloaths three double of the same length three or foure splints armed with Tow a large cloath lo lay over them and foure or five lengths of broad Tape and lastly a junck of straw to lay the member in and boulsters of cloth and tow to put in the hollow places that the member may lye levell When the Artist hath reduced all the fractured bones then let him lay on the plaister and two men holding the part steddy let him put on his two folded cloathes one a little above the fracture the other a little below so that the edges of them may meet then lay on the splints so near one another as there may be the bredth of a splint betwixt every one let them not be so long as to gaul the next joynts then put under your Tapes and type on the splints gently neither too hard for fear of gangrene nor too slack becaus then the fractured bones may fall asunder next you shall cover all with a large cloath and then put it into a junck and bind it on fast putting boulsters into the hollow places and then lay the member upon a pillow or cushion as strait and levell as may be Lay all the clothes on very smooth without wrinkle or seam and so broad as that the ends of the splints may rest upon them and not on the bare member and so let the Patient rest in his bed at least six dayes unlesse there be pain or any other cause whereby you are forced to open it then you may open it to give it ayr and so binde it up again as before untill fourteen dayes when you may renue your plaister See that the Patient have every day a stool either by Nature or Art and let him have a cord fastned to his bed to raise himself by to ayr his back and hips lest they excoriate with too much lying If the fracture be with a wound you must so order your clouts and splints that