happen_v so_o that_o all_o the_o world_n declare_v they_o to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o fortune_n we_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o there_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o fortune_n and_o chance_n for_o we_o know_v very_o well_o both_o that_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o work_n of_o fortune_n and_o that_o what_o fortune_n do_v be_v always_o of_o this_o nature_n this_o manner_n of_o argument_n suppose_v the_o common_a form_n of_o speak_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o true_a and_o false_a and_o that_o a_o man_n may_v conclude_v from_o word_n to_o thing_n which_o in_o a_o philosopher_n be_v a_o most_o ridiculous_a imagination_n for_o what_o be_v more_o common_a than_o for_o the_o people_n to_o entertain_v false_a notion_n of_o thing_n and_o for_o the_o way_n of_o express_v themselves_o suit_v to_o their_o notion_n to_o be_v very_o improper_a and_o distant_a from_o the_o truth_n afterward_o he_o say_v that_o when_o any_o thing_n of_o advantage_n happen_v to_o a_o man_n by_o accident_n this_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o we_o call_v the_o effect_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n for_o example_n a_o man_n go_v to_o a_o place_n whither_o he_o do_v not_o use_v to_o go_v and_o where_o he_o shall_v receive_v money_n though_o at_o that_o time_n he_o go_v not_o thither_o with_o any_o such_o design_n if_o he_o receive_v money_n there_o we_o say_v that_o he_o go_v thither_o and_o receive_v it_o by_o chance_n he_o pretend_v again_o that_o herein_o fortune_n and_o chance_n differ_v fortune_n be_v not_o proper_o concern_v except_o in_o the_o action_n of_o such_o being_n as_o act_v upon_o a_o principle_n of_o choice_n whereas_o chance_n take_v place_n in_o the_o effect_n of_o cause_n which_o do_v not_o act_v by_o choice_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o this_o difference_n be_v constant_o observe_v in_o common_a speech_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o those_o body_n be_v call_v automata_n which_o be_v think_v to_o move_v of_o themselves_o thus_o this_o philosopher_n imagine_v he_o have_v define_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o cause_n in_o physics_n while_o he_o only_o define_v the_o word_n by_o which_o people_n use_v to_o express_v themselves_o for_o he_o pretend_v that_o chance_n have_v a_o great_a hand_n in_o form_v the_o universe_n which_o be_v a_o most_o absurd_a fancy_n and_o more_o become_v a_o clown_n or_o a_o idiot_n than_o a_o philosopher_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v by_o and_o by_o the_o latin_n who_o put_v no_o such_o distinction_n between_o fortuna_n and_o casus_fw-la define_v they_o thus_o lot_n chance_n fortune_n event_n what_o else_o be_v all_o this_o but_o a_o thing_n be_v fall_v out_o after_o one_o particular_a manner_n when_o it_o may_v either_o not_o have_v happen_v at_o all_o or_o have_v happen_v after_o quite_o another_o manner_n than_o it_o have_v do_v quid_fw-la est_fw-la aliud_fw-la sors_z quid_fw-la fortuna_fw-la quid_fw-la casus_fw-la quid_fw-la eventus_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la sic_fw-la aliquid_fw-la accidit_fw-la sic_fw-la euênit_fw-la 6._o de_fw-fr diu._n nat._n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o ut_fw-la vel_fw-la non_fw-la cadere_fw-la atque_fw-la evenire_fw-la vel_fw-la aliter_fw-la cadere_fw-la atque_fw-la evenire_fw-la potuerit_fw-la a_o man_n that_o read_v these_o definition_n of_o fortune_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v by_o some_o part_n of_o they_o that_o the_o ancient_n do_v mean_v something_o by_o it_o and_o yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n to_o suspect_v that_o they_o have_v no_o notion_n at_o all_o of_o the_o matter_n aristotle_n be_v express_v that_o the_o common_a way_n of_o speak_v prove_v fortune_n and_o chance_n to_o be_v something_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o if_o they_o be_v something_o what_o sort_n of_o thing_n be_v they_o be_v they_o spirit_n be_v they_o body_n be_v they_o of_o some_o different_a nature_n aristotle_n in_o his_o six_o chapter_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o physics_n distinguish_v they_o plain_o from_o spirit_n and_o body_n and_o i_o e._n body_n nature_n for_o these_o he_o say_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n essential_o and_o per_fw-la se_fw-la these_o two_o last_o cause_n he_o own_v do_v at_o first_o produce_v the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o material_a world_n but_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o when_o all_o this_o be_v do_v a_o thousand_o thing_n be_v effect_v by_o chance_n afterward_o but_o still_o he_o do_v not_o inform_v we_o what_o this_o pretend_a cause_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o for_o in_o truth_n he_o know_v not_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o himself_o and_o one_o may_v see_v he_o do_v not_o by_o his_o quote_v the_o common_a form_n of_o speech_n explain_v the_o word_n by_o the_o use_n of_o it_o but_o never_o give_v any_o definition_n of_o fortune_n he_o do_v indeed_o disallow_v that_o notion_n of_o some_o who_o make_v fortune_n a_o real_a cause_n but_o such_o as_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n know_v nothing_o of_o because_o too_o divine_a a_o thing_n for_o man_n to_o comprehend_v it_o but_o all_o that_o he_o do_v be_v only_o tell_v we_o the_o occasion_n how_o this_o word_n grow_v so_o general_o into_o use_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o poet_n and_o their_o modes_n of_o speech_n which_o may_v be_v accuse_v of_o too_o great_a liberty_n in_o fiction_n the_o temple_n which_o in_o several_a place_n be_v dedicate_v to_o good_a or_o ill_a fortune_n seem_v to_o say_v that_o this_o be_v general_o repute_v a_o deity_n for_o certain_o man_n must_v be_v mad_a to_o the_o last_o degree_n who_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o build_v temple_n address_v their_o prayer_n and_o praise_n and_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o any_o but_o god_n that_o be_v such_o as_o they_o believe_v to_o have_v a_o divine_a and_o much_o more_o a_o actual_a existence_n now_o this_o reason_v be_v certain_o conclusive_a do_v man_n always_o speak_v and_o act_v consistent_o but_o as_o it_o be_v they_o often_o speak_v word_n which_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v and_o do_v many_o thing_n when_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v tullus_n hostilius_n build_v a_o temple_n to_o fear_n and_o paleness_n other_o erect_v temple_n to_o the_o mind_n to_o virtue_n 1._o pallori_fw-la &_o pavori_fw-la liu._n l._n 1._o c._n 27._o cic._n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n l._n 2._o lactan._n l._n 1._o to_o honour_n to_o piety_n to_o fidelity_n to_o hope_n to_o chastity_n to_o concord_n to_o peace_n to_o rest_n to_o safety_n to_o fortune_n to_o liberty_n etc._n etc._n other_o again_o be_v consecrate_v to_o to_o the_o fever_n to_o the_o year_n the_o month_n to_o art_n to_o poverty_n to_o old_a age_n to_o death_n now_o i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n persuade_v myself_o that_o the_o ancient_n believe_v all_o these_o thing_n to_o be_v thing_n actual_o exist_v but_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v when_o they_o build_v such_o temple_n and_o therefore_o the_o action_n of_o man_n will_v give_v we_o no_o sure_a ground_n of_o argue_v from_o they_o than_o their_o word_n and_o common_a talk_n will_n nay_o some_o among_o they_o be_v well_o aware_a that_o when_o man_n talk_v of_o fortune_n they_o talk_v of_o a_o thing_n they_o do_v not_o understand_v democritus_n say_v man_n form_v to_o themselves_o a_o phantom_n of_o fortune_n 27._o euseb_n praep._n eu._n l._n fourteen_o 27._o only_o for_o a_o cover_n to_o their_o ignorance_n this_o passage_n be_v likewise_o quote_v from_o a_o comedy_n of_o philemon_n there_o be_v no_o such_o deity_n as_o man_n call_v fortune_n no_o no_o such_o matter_n all_o thing_n happen_v by_o chance_n and_o that_o which_o the_o world_n call_v fortune_n be_v any_o thing_n that_o happen_v to_o man_n without_o be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o shall_v do_v so_o so_o again_o tully_n the_o cause_n under_o the_o governance_n of_o fortune_n be_v secret_a for_o every_o thing_n must_v have_v its_o cause_n 17._o cic._n top._n c._n 17._o but_o whatever_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o hide_a cause_n and_o by_o a_o method_n which_o we_o can_v account_v for_o this_o be_v proper_o a_o effect_n of_o fortune_n and_o juvenal_n tell_v we_o x._o sat._n x._o that_o fortune_n be_v only_o a_o goddess_n in_o fiction_n and_o of_o man_n make_v nullum_fw-la numen_fw-la abest_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la prudentia_fw-la sed_fw-la te_fw-la nos_fw-la facimus_fw-la fortuna_fw-la deam_fw-la caeloque_fw-la locamus_fw-la fortune_fw-mi be_v never_o worship_v by_o the_o wise_a but_o set_v aloft_o by_o fool_n usurp_v the_o sky_n thus_o you_o see_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o heathen_a writer_n that_o the_o word_n fortune_n signify_v nothing_o at_o all_o though_o some_o pretend_a that_o it_o import_v a_o real_a existence_n i_o shall_v clear_v this_o point_n by_o inquire_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o when_o i_o have_v first_o produce_v two_o passage_n of_o christian_a author_n who_o expose_v and_o confute_v the_o worshipper_n of_o fortune_n and_o be_v of_o my_o opinion_n that_o this_o
word_n signify_v nothing_o the_o former_a of_o these_o be_v lactantius_n who_o argue_v thus_o fortune_n in_o itself_o be_v nothing_o we_o be_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n denote_v any_o thing_n of_o real_a existence_n 29._o inst_z divin_n l._n 3._o c._n 29._o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v fortune_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o event_n which_o be_v sudden_a and_o unexpected_a but_o the_o philosopher_n that_o they_o may_v not_o fail_v to_o mistake_v in_o every_o thing_n pretend_v to_o be_v very_o wise_a in_o a_o trifle_a matter_n those_o i_o mean_v who_o change_v the_o sex_n of_o fortune_n and_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o a_o god_n and_o not_o a_o goddess_n the_o same_o deity_n they_o call_v sometime_o nature_n and_o sometime_o fortune_n because_o as_o cicero_n observe_v it_o effect_n many_o thing_n which_o we_o do_v not_o expect_v by_o reason_n of_o our_o ignorance_n in_o the_o cause_n that_o produce_v they_o and_o not_o know_v the_o reason_n why_o a_o thing_n happen_v man_n must_v needs_o be_v ignorant_a what_o it_o be_v that_o bring_v it_o about_o the_o same_o author_n in_o a_o very_a serious_a tract_n where_o he_o give_v his_o son_n rule_v draw_v from_o philosophy_n to_o govern_v he_o in_o his_o behaviour_n who_o say_v he_o do_v not_o know_v that_o the_o power_n of_o fortune_n be_v great_a which_o side_n soever_o she_o take_v for_o when_o she_o oppose_v we_o we_o be_v certain_o worsted_n lactantius_n after_o some_o reflection_n upon_o cicero_n which_o be_v not_o much_o to_o the_o matter_n now_o in_o hand_n proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n who_o do_v not_o know_v say_v he_o for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v no_o such_o thing_n let_v he_o show_v i_o if_o he_o can_v what_o that_o power_n be_v what_o be_v the_o favour_n of_o fortune_n and_o what_o her_o opposition_n to_o we_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n for_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o man_n of_o wit_n and_o part_n to_o lay_v down_o a_o thing_n for_o grant_v which_o if_o one_o deny_v he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v out_o the_o other_o author_n which_o i_o shall_v produce_v upon_o this_o occasion_n be_v i._o be_v de_fw-fr cons_n phil._n l._n 1._o pros_n i._o boethius_n who_o style_n in_o beauty_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o lactantius_n and_o his_o reason_v be_v much_o before_o his._n if_o any_o one_o say_v philosophy_n with_o who_o boethius_n be_v hold_v a_o dialogue_n define_v a_o accidental_a event_n casum_fw-la and_o such_o as_o be_v not_o produce_v by_o any_o connexion_n of_o cause_n i_o assert_v that_o chance_n be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v a_o empty_a word_n without_o any_o sense_n or_o signification_n at_o all_o for_o where_o can_v chance_n find_v a_o place_n in_o thing_n which_o god_n keep_v in_o a_o regular_a method_n there_o be_v no_o great_a truth_n than_o that_o nothing_o can_v come_v out_o of_o nothing_o not_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_n ever_o contradict_v this_o maxim_n though_o they_o understand_v it_o not_o of_o the_o efficient_a but_o the_o material_a cause_n now_o if_o a_o thing_n be_v produce_v without_o a_o cause_n that_o thing_n will_v come_v out_o of_o nothing_o but_o if_o this_o can_v be_v than_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o chance_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n of_o it_o well_o but_o reply_v boethius_n be_v there_o then_o nothing_o which_o we_o can_v proper_o call_v fortuitous_a or_o casual_a or_o be_v there_o somewhat_o to_o which_o these_o name_n belong_v though_o the_o vulgar_a know_v it_o not_o aristotle_n say_v philosophy_n have_v clear_v this_o difficulty_n in_o few_o word_n in_o his_o book_n of_o physics_n and_o come_v very_o near_o to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n what_o i_o pray_v be_v his_o resolution_n of_o the_o case_n say_v boethius_n when_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v with_o a_o certain_a design_n reply_n philosophy_n and_o some_o other_o thing_n different_a from_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v do_v for_o other_o cause_n happen_v this_o thing_n so_o beside_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v what_o we_o call_v a_o fortuitous_a or_o casual_a event_n as_o if_o a_o man_n for_o instance_n in_o dig_v his_o ground_n with_o a_o design_n to_o cultivate_v it_o shall_v find_v a_o pot_n of_o gold_n hide_v there_o we_o say_v this_o be_v casual_a but_o yet_o it_o have_v a_o real_a and_o proper_a cause_n and_o the_o unforeseen_a and_o unexpected_a concurrence_n of_o such_o cause_n form_n that_o which_o be_v term_v a_o casual_a event_n if_o he_o who_o cultivate_v his_o ground_n have_v not_o dig_v it_o or_o if_o he_o who_o bury_v this_o treasure_n have_v not_o lay_v it_o in_o that_o place_n the_o gold_n have_v not_o be_v find_v as_o it_o be_v these_o than_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o accidental_a gain_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o man_n by_o this_o concurrence_n of_o they_o altogether_o foreign_a from_o the_o design_n which_o he_o propose_v to_o himself_o in_o dig_v his_o ground_n the_o remainder_n of_o this_o argument_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o original_a for_o i_o can_v agree_v with_o boethius_n in_o every_o branch_n of_o it_o but_o this_o prove_v that_o if_o the_o ancient_n use_v the_o word_n of_o fortune_n or_o chance_n to_o denote_v any_o unknown_a be_v which_o act_v without_o any_o rule_n and_o which_o be_v neither_o a_o spiritual_a nor_o a_o bodily_a substance_n they_o know_v not_o their_o own_o meaning_n and_o yet_o thus_o i_o have_v show_v that_o aristotle_n use_v they_o whatever_o boethius_n say_v here_o to_o bring_v he_o off_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o and_o in_o order_n to_o discern_v what_o sense_n these_o word_n fortune_n and_o chance_n be_v capable_a of_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o there_o be_v only_o two_o sort_n of_o being_n which_o we_o know_v of_o that_o can_v contribute_v to_o any_o thing_n that_o befall_v we_o the_o first_o sort_n consist_v of_o body_n which_o act_v alone_o and_o without_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o other_o cause_n leave_v no_o room_n for_o fortune_n or_o chance_n because_o they_o act_n by_o fix_a unalterable_a rule_n of_o mechanism_n as_o all_o who_o have_v the_o least_o knowledge_n of_o mechanic_n and_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v abundant_o satisfy_v the_o common_a people_n indeed_o say_v a_o body_n fall_v of_o itself_o when_o no_o man_n nor_o any_o sensible_a cause_n that_o come_v under_o our_o observation_n throw_v it_o down_o as_o when_o fruit_n fall_v from_o a_o tree_n or_o a_o tile_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o a_o house_n without_o any_o pull_n or_o blast_v of_o wind_n to_o blow_v it_o down_o and_o it_o be_v a_o very_a usual_a thing_n to_o say_v such_o thing_n fall_v of_o themselves_o or_o by_o chance_n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n true_a that_o nothing_o interpose_v and_o that_o no_o external_a cause_n contribute_v to_o that_o fall_n the_o air_n and_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n not_o to_o mention_v several_a other_o cause_n that_o may_v concur_v occasion_v their_o fall_n a_o body_n will_v continue_v for_o ever_o in_o the_o same_o state_n do_v not_o some_o cause_n from_o without_o make_v a_o alteration_n this_o be_v a_o axiom_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o need_v not_o here_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v the_o second_o sort_n of_o being_n be_v what_o we_o call_v spirit_n who_o among_o several_a other_o faculty_n belong_v to_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o liberty_n which_o they_o exercise_v upon_o infinite_a occasion_n they_o can_v at_o any_o time_n do_v or_o not_o do_v what_o they_o do_v they_o can_v do_v it_o after_o this_o or_o that_o manner_n they_o determine_v themselves_o in_o doubtful_a or_o indifferent_a case_n or_o what_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v such_o by_o humour_n and_o fancy_n without_o any_o other_o reason_n but_o that_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o act_v so_o or_o so_o and_o without_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o shall_v necessary_o engage_v their_o judgement_n or_o their_o will._n without_o trouble_v my_o reader_n with_o a_o long_a lecture_n of_o metaphysic_n i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o sense_n and_o experience_n and_o be_o entire_o persuade_v that_o all_o who_o will_v speak_v true_o what_o they_o feel_v within_o themselves_o in_o innumerable_a instance_n of_o humane_a life_n will_v agree_v that_o what_o i_o have_v say_v be_v the_o very_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n in_o this_o respect_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o free_a determination_n of_o a_o spiritual_a substance_n be_v a_o effect_n of_o chance_n because_o it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o any_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o regard_n spirit_n act_n much_o upon_o body_n the_o intervening_a of_o these_o operation_n produce_v somewhat_o casual_a in_o those_o motion_n which_o otherwise_o will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o we_o will_v put_v the_o
magnas_fw-la bene_fw-la gerendas_fw-la divinitùs_fw-la adjuncta_fw-la fortuna_fw-la de_fw-fr huius_fw-la autem_fw-la hominis_fw-la felicitate_a quo_fw-la de_fw-la nunc_fw-la agimus_fw-la hac_fw-la utar_fw-la moderatione_n dicendi_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o illius_fw-la potestate_fw-la positam_fw-la esse_fw-la fortunam_fw-la sed_fw-la ut_fw-la praeterita_fw-la meminisse_fw-la reliqua_fw-la sperare_fw-la videamur_fw-la it_o be_v easy_a to_o produce_v other_o testimony_n concern_v pompey_n good_a fortune_n but_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o for_o they_o it_o will_v be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o my_o present_a design_n to_o reflect_v alittle_o upon_o the_o ill_a fortune_n which_o befall_v he_o in_o the_o civil_a war._n first_o of_o all_o when_o caesar_n begin_v to_o oppose_v he_o he_o be_v utter_o unprovided_a of_o any_o mean_n to_o resist_v he_o and_o under_o a_o necessity_n of_o quit_v rome_n and_o italy_n to_o his_o rival_n in_o a_o ignominious_a manner_n his_o army_n in_o spain_n under_o the_o command_n of_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v rout_v by_o caesar_n without_o so_o much_o as_o one_o formal_a battle_n he_o can_v not_o hinder_v he_o from_o pass_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o epirus_n though_o caesar_n have_v no_o fleet_n to_o withstand_v his._n caesar_n troop_n pass_v twice_o without_o opposition_n he_o lose_v a_o opportunity_n which_o be_v put_v into_o his_o hand_n of_o defeat_v his_o army_n which_o may_v all_o have_v be_v cut_v to_o piece_n have_v he_o pursue_v the_o advantage_n gain_v upon_o they_o in_o epirus_n and_o in_o the_o fight_n at_o pharsalia_n where_o there_o be_v all_o the_o likelihood_n in_o the_o world_n of_o his_o beat_n caesar_n he_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a that_o the_o very_a thing_n which_o in_o appearance_n must_v have_v secure_v his_o conquest_n be_v the_o very_a occasion_n of_o his_o ruin_n after_o this_o defeat_n instead_o of_o retreat_v into_o mauritania_n to_o king_n juba_n who_o will_v most_o glad_o have_v receive_v and_o assist_v he_o with_o all_o his_o force_n he_o unlucky_o throw_v himself_o into_o egypt_n and_o be_v there_o assassinate_v and_o murder_v just_a as_o he_o be_v go_v ashore_o caesar_n on_o the_o contrary_a have_v nothing_o but_o â—ood_a fortune_n as_o we_o plain_o see_v by_o his_o own_o commentary_n and_o even_o the_o rashe_v and_o â—ost_o hazardous_a undertake_n prosper_v in_o his_o hand_n his_o history_n be_v universal_o know_v and_o i_o need_v not_o insist_v upon_o particular_n i_o will_v therefore_o only_o detain_v the_o reader_n with_o one_o single_a passage_n take_v out_o of_o plutarch_n book_n of_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o leave_v brundisium_n say_v he_o the_o four_o of_o january_n he_o cross_v the_o sea_n successful_o his_o fortune_n get_v the_o better_a of_o the_o wether_n and_o the_o season_n when_o he_o have_v find_v pompey_n who_o be_v then_o in_o epirus_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n and_o master_n both_o of_o the_o field_n and_o the_o sea_n though_o but_o a_o handful_n of_o his_o own_o force_n be_v with_o he_o those_o under_o antonius_n and_o sabinus_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v up_o to_o join_v he_o he_o bold_o embark_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n and_o set_v sail_n without_o let_v the_o pilot_n know_v who_o he_o be_v and_o pass_v in_o the_o disguise_n of_o a_o servant_n a_o violent_a storm_n spring_v up_o the_o pilot_n begin_v to_o tack_n and_o then_o discover_v himself_o he_o say_v go_v on_o my_o lad_n and_o fear_v not_o spread_v all_o thy_o sail_n to_o fortune_n and_o take_v in_o all_o the_o wind_n thou_o can_v for_o thou_o have_v caesar_n and_o his_o fortune_n on_o board_n thou_o thus_o he_o be_v confident_a that_o this_o good_a fortune_n sail_v and_o travel_v with_o he_o that_o it_o encamp_v with_o he_o in_o the_o army_n that_o it_o fight_v with_o he_o in_o his_o battle_n in_o short_a that_o it_o never_o leave_v he_o this_o make_v the_o sea_n calm_a in_o the_o rough_a tempest_n this_o make_a winter_n to_o he_o become_v as_o summer_n this_o make_a delay_n and_o speed_v equal_o successful_a in_o the_o event_n and_o inspire_v coward_n with_o courage_n nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o amaze_a this_o make_v pompey_n flee_v and_o ptolemy_n murder_v his_o friend_n that_o so_o pompey_n may_v fall_v without_o caesar_n have_v the_o gild_n of_o shed_v his_o son-in-law_n blood_n they_o who_o read_v this_o book_n of_o plutarch_n will_v find_v that_o he_o endeavour_v to_o represent_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o a_o effect_n of_o good_a fortune_n no_o less_o than_o of_o conduct_n or_o courage_n by_o these_o example_n it_o be_v plain_a and_o by_o infinite_a other_o it_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o man_n to_o use_v those_o word_n which_o in_o other_o language_n answer_v to_o good_a and_o ill_a fortune_n in_o a_o sense_n denote_v somewhat_o peculiar_a to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n at_o least_o accompany_v he_o for_o some_o time_n and_o upon_o some_o occasion_n which_o succeed_v or_o defeat_v what_o he_o undertake_v so_o as_o that_o his_o prosperous_a or_o disastrous_a event_n can_v be_v charge_v upon_o his_o own_o prudence_n or_o the_o want_n of_o it_o though_o europe_n be_v at_o this_o day_n christian_n yet_o the_o pagan_a modes_n of_o expression_n continue_v still_o in_o use_n and_o many_o word_n be_v take_v into_o common_a speech_n which_o have_v scarce_o any_o signification_n for_o after_o all_o what_o be_v this_o je_fw-fr ne_fw-fr scay_fw-fr quoy_fw-fr which_o denominate_v man_n fortunate_a or_o unfortunate_a it_o can_v only_o be_v one_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n either_o first_o destiny_n which_o some_o heretofore_o and_o many_o even_o in_o our_o day_n look_v â—pon_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o world_n or_o second_o fortune_n which_o be_v but_o another_o name_n for_o chance_n or_o three_o what_o the_o heathen_a call_v a_o man_n be_v good_a or_o evil_a genius_n and_o some_o christian_n still_o term_v his_o good_a or_o evil_a angel_n or_o else_o last_o god_n himself_o now_o i_o be_o positive_a that_o no_o man_n without_o express_a revelation_n can_v be_v assure_v that_o god_n or_o the_o angel_n produce_v those_o event_n for_o which_o we_o can_v assign_v no_o natural_a cause_n and_o that_o fortune_n and_o destiny_n be_v mere_o imaginary_a thing_n so_o that_o this_o pretend_a principle_n of_o good_a luck_n be_v in_o effect_n nothing_o at_o all_o if_o a_o man_n be_v with_o any_o skill_n to_o examine_v those_o who_o think_v they_o understand_v themselves_o perfect_o well_o when_o they_o talk_v of_o this_o matter_n he_o will_v soon_o find_v they_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o make_v out_o their_o own_o mean_v if_o socrates_n be_v alive_a again_o who_o have_v the_o knack_n of_o confound_a error_n by_o drive_v man_n to_o absurdity_n with_o plain_a question_n he_o will_v quick_o gravel_n the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o who_o talk_v of_o good_a and_o ill_a luck_n by_o show_v they_o that_o they_o do_v not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v they_o will_v be_v at_o but_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v vain_a to_o expect_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v find_v in_o this_o art_n of_o reason_v equal_a to_o that_o incomparable_a philosopher_n and_o therefore_o we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o another_o method_n of_o disabuse_v mankind_n by_o prove_v particular_o that_o never_o a_o one_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n just_o now_o mention_v be_v the_o real_a cause_n of_o man_n good_a or_o ill_a luck_n either_o in_o lottery_n or_o in_o any_o other_o matter_n which_o have_v no_o necessary_a dependence_n upon_o the_o skill_n anâ—_n prudence_n of_o the_o person_n who_o engage_v iâ—_n they_o chap._n iii_o that_o destiny_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o good_a luck_n ill_a luck_n several_a of_o the_o ancient_a heathen_n and_o particular_o the_o sect_n of_o the_o stoic_n though_o every_o thing_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v the_o unavoidable_a effect_n of_o destiny_n and_o many_o no_o doubt_n at_o this_o day_n tread_v in_o their_o step_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o be_v so_o frequent_o tell_v that_o no_o man_n can_v avoid_v his_o destiny_n and_o thaâ—_n so_o many_o event_n be_v charge_v upon_o i_o know_v noâ—_n what_o fatality_n which_o necessary_o bring_v they_o to_o pass_v when_o the_o stoic_n heretofore_o be_v ask_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o destiny_n they_o ready_o give_v this_o answer_n a_o certain_a frame_n or_o disposition_n of_o all_o thing_n mutual_o link_v together_o 2._o a_o gell._n l._n vi_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o move_v itself_o by_o eternal_a succession_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o nothing_o can_v break_v the_o chain_n or_o divert_v its_o course_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o principle_n whatever_o at_o any_o time_n come_v to_o pass_v can_v not_o possible_o but_o come_v to_o pass_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v from_o express_a
case_n that_o a_o box_n full_a of_o ticket_n for_o the_o purpose_n lie_v upon_o a_o table_n those_o ticket_n will_v all_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o situation_n till_o they_o be_v move_v and_o that_o which_o lie_v uppermost_a will_v infallible_o be_v draw_v first_o here_o be_v no_o chance_n in_o all_o this_o but_o if_o a_o man_n shake_v this_o box_n several_a time_n without_o know_v what_o alteration_n this_o shake_n make_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o ticket_n by_o the_o will_n of_o that_o person_n intervening_a upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o that_o in_o a_o manner_n altogether_o free_a here_o be_v somewhat_o of_o chance_n it_o be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o that_o person_n whether_o he_o will_v shake_v the_o box_n at_o all_o or_o not_o whether_o he_o will_v shake_v it_o more_o or_o less_o and_o to_o turn_v it_o as_o many_o different_a way_n as_o he_o please_v in_o shake_v and_o turn_v it_o he_o be_v guide_v pure_o by_o his_o own_o humour_n without_o know_v what_o effect_v this_o will_v have_v after_o all_o which_o that_o ticket_n which_o come_v next_o to_o hand_n be_v take_v out_o without_o know_v to_o what_o person_n it_o belong_v this_o be_v the_o usual_a manner_n of_o draw_v in_o lottery_n and_o this_o we_o may_v call_v mere_a chance_n which_o make_v such_o a_o man_n ticket_n come_v up_o against_o such_o a_o lot_n by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o chance_n in_o proper_a speak_n be_v nothing_o and_o that_o when_o we_o say_v such_o a_o hit_v be_v owe_v to_o chance_n the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o be_v that_o this_o be_v not_o mere_o the_o mechanical_a effect_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o ticket_n but_o that_o some_o intelligent_a be_v contribute_v to_o it_o which_o give_v its_o free_a assistance_n in_o the_o thing_n without_o know_v what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n or_o how_o that_o change_n in_o the_o ticket_n can_v be_v make_v so_o that_o the_o word_n be_v rather_o of_o a_o negative_a than_o a_o affirmative_a importance_n or_o the_o name_n of_o a_o negative_a rather_o than_o a_o positive_a idea_n it_o denote_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n intervening_a which_o do_v necessary_o produce_v a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a effect_n or_o that_o make_v use_v of_o its_o understanding_n to_o produce_v that_o particular_a effect_n the_o abbot_n furetiere_n observe_v that_o chance_n be_v sometime_o speak_v of_o as_o a_o person_n and_o denote_v a_o imaginary_a be_v to_o which_o we_o foolish_o attribute_v those_o effect_n of_o who_o cause_n we_o be_v ignorant_a i_o own_o that_o sometime_o chance_n may_v have_v those_o effect_n attribute_v to_o it_o which_o have_v a_o determinate_a and_o necessary_a cause_n but_o when_o man_n express_v themselves_o thus_o it_o be_v from_o their_o ignorance_n at_o least_o if_o they_o pretend_v to_o speak_v proper_o but_o thus_o much_o be_v certain_a however_o as_o i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v a_o imaginary_a be_v a_o creature_n of_o our_o own_o brain_n and_o that_o nothing_o less_o than_o a_o poetical_a licence_n will_v justify_v our_o mention_v chance_n as_o a_o person_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o form_n of_o speech_n so_o much_o countenance_v by_o common_a use_n that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o expression_n more_o frequent_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o from_o these_o premise_n it_o evident_o follow_v that_o good_a luck_n which_o be_v a_o consequence_n of_o this_o chance_n be_v likewise_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n a_o pure_a chimaera_n people_z pretend_v that_o good_a luck_n be_v confine_v and_o fix_v to_o some_o certain_a person_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o it_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o chance_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n the_o nature_n of_o chance_n consist_v in_o its_o dependence_n upon_o a_o free_a cause_n determine_v itself_o by_o humour_n and_o fancy_n without_o order_n or_o design_n and_o yet_o they_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o that_o good_a luck_n be_v so_o fix_v that_o it_o shall_v happen_v to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a man._n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o palpable_o absurd_a than_o to_o assert_v that_o a_o effect_n be_v and_o be_v not_o determine_v at_o the_o same_o time_n thus_o chance_n in_o itself_o be_v nothing_o and_o the_o good_a luck_n which_o go_v along_o with_o some_o certain_a person_n be_v if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v somewhat_o less_o than_o nothing_o the_o first_o express_v a_o negative_a idea_n only_o the_o second_o a_o contradictory_n idea_n if_o it_o be_v allowable_a to_o call_v a_o contradiction_n a_o idea_n the_o case_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n fortune_n which_o be_v sometime_o represent_v as_o a_o cause_n peremptory_o resolve_v to_o oblige_v some_o and_o to_o persecute_v other_o fortune_fw-mi be_v on_o pompey_n side_n before_o the_o civil_a war_n but_o afterward_o she_o forsake_v and_o fight_v against_o he_o alexander_n have_v she_o at_o his_o beck_n till_o his_o last_o sickness_n but_o then_o he_o be_v think_v unfortunate_a not_o to_o escape_v poison_v in_o short_a ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n both_o abound_v with_o expression_n opposite_a to_o each_o other_o when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o constancy_n or_o inconstancy_n of_o fortune_n the_o only_a account_n whereof_o be_v that_o this_o be_v a_o phantom_n of_o their_o own_o form_n and_o that_o their_o imagination_n add_v to_o or_o take_v from_o it_o at_o pleasure_n and_o as_o they_o see_v occasion_n we_o common_o say_v that_o man_n be_v the_o sport_n of_o fortune_n that_o she_o play_v with_o they_o for_o her_o diversion_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o say_v that_o fortune_n be_v our_o play-thing_n since_o we_o give_v and_o take_v away_o from_o she_o just_a what_o we_o think_v fit_a the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o french_a academy_n after_o have_v say_v that_o fortune_n be_v a_o goddess_n with_o the_o heathen_n add_v that_o nowadays_o though_o we_o do_v not_o own_o fortune_n to_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o itself_o yet_o most_o of_o the_o expression_n then_o in_o use_n be_v still_o continue_v but_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o figurative_a sense_n if_o these_o expression_n signify_v nothing_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o they_o who_o erect_v altar_n to_o fortune_n i_o vehement_o suspect_v they_o do_v not_o signify_v much_o more_o in_o the_o write_n of_o those_o author_n who_o use_v they_o figurative_o now_o for_o indeed_o they_o be_v only_o use_v by_o a_o prosopopoeia_fw-la now_o in_o a_o prosopopoeia_fw-la we_o be_v allow_v indeed_o to_o speak_v of_o what_o we_o conceive_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o person_n but_o i_o have_v never_o hear_v nor_o read_v that_o we_o may_v make_v a_o person_n of_o a_o mere_a nothing_o or_o rather_o of_o that_o which_o be_v less_o than_o nothing_o of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o form_v any_o no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o negative_a conception_n of_o i_o have_v never_o observe_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o kind_n do_v except_o a_o poem_n entitle_v nothing_o which_o be_v altogether_o found_v upon_o a_o equivocal_a construction_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v not_o easy_a if_o possible_a to_o be_v render_v proper_o other_o as_o the_o abbot_n furetiere_n in_o particular_a pretend_v that_o by_o fortune_n at_o present_a we_o be_v to_o understand_v providence_n these_o be_v his_o word_n in_o his_o dictionary_n this_o be_v former_o a_o heathen_a goddess_n and_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o surprise_a and_o extraordinary_a event_n whereas_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v the_o divine_a providence_n act_v by_o method_n unknown_a and_o far_o above_o humane_a wisdom_n it_o be_v confess_v that_o the_o word_n fortune_n ought_v many_o time_n to_o be_v thus_o understand_v if_o we_o will_v allow_v it_o to_o signify_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o write_n of_o many_o man_n and_o even_o of_o some_o author_n who_o eloquence_n and_o delicacy_n of_o expression_n be_v admire_v by_o all_o the_o world_n but_o yet_o this_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n they_o mean_v by_o it_o as_o will_v quick_o appear_v if_o we_o take_v out_o the_o word_n fortune_n and_o substitute_n that_o of_o providence_n in_o its_o stead_n i_o will_v produce_v some_o instance_n to_o save_v my_o reader_n the_o trouble_n of_o search_n and_o recollection_n such_o as_o will_v show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o figure_n in_o they_o which_o admit_v of_o any_o rational_a mean_v whether_o they_o will_v interpret_v it_o as_o personate_n a_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o or_o whether_o they_o will_v put_v upon_o providence_n the_o vile_a and_o scandalous_a disguise_n of_o fortune_n these_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o m._n rochefoucaut_n maxim_n which_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v a_o masterpiece_n in_o their_o kind_n observe_v how_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o his_o 60th_o reflection_n they_o that_o think_v themselves_o man_n of_o merit_n esteem_v it_o a_o happiness_n to_o
these_o thing_n but_o only_o that_o we_o acknowledge_v every_o thing_n that_o happen_v to_o we_o to_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o his_o direction_n and_o governance_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n god_n be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o every_o thing_n except_v only_o the_o evil_a of_o sin_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o voluntary_a depravation_n of_o the_o humane_a nature_n thus_o we_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o ascribe_v to_o god_n any_o good_a fortune_n that_o happen_v to_o we_o whether_o by_o matter_n depend_v upon_o chance_n or_o any_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o though_o we_o do_v not_o think_v that_o he_o interpose_v after_o any_o particular_a or_o extraordinary_a manner_n for_o the_o determine_n of_o they_o second_o this_o proposition_n import_v that_o god_n know_v beforehand_o all_o that_o happen_v in_o every_o kind_n and_o have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o hinder_v any_o part_n of_o it_o will_v not_o however_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o or_o divert_v the_o 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positive_a assignment_n will_v dispense_v the_o money_n to_o some_o and_o not_o to_o other_o without_o any_o visible_a reason_n of_o this_o difference_n whether_o we_o regard_v the_o qualification_n of_o the_o person_n or_o the_o use_v they_o make_v of_o it_o will_v those_o that_o have_v draw_v the_o most_o considerable_a benefit_n have_v the_o confidence_n to_o say_v that_o their_o merit_n be_v so_o much_o superior_a to_o they_o who_o have_v only_a blank_n as_o to_o give_v they_o a_o better_a title_n to_o the_o favour_n of_o heaven_n or_o have_v we_o any_o reasonable_a assurance_n that_o this_o success_n will_v dispose_v they_o to_o be_v more_o beneficent_a and_o charitable_a for_o the_o future_a this_o be_v a_o enquiry_n which_o i_o charge_v upon_o their_o own_o conscience_n to_o answer_v and_o what_o time_n must_v inform_v