they vnderstand the language of them with whom we first abode and they themselues also that selfe same day came into that place with their houses The people presently offered vs much Tune because they knew vs both that we had healed them The verie same night that we came thither certaine Indians came into Castiglio and told him that they had verie great paine in their heads intreating him that he would heale them and after he had blessed them and recommended them vnto God in the verie same instant they said that they were well and that the paine was gone So they went into their houses and brought vs much Tune and a piece of flesh of a wilde beast which we knew not what it was This being published among them many other diseased people came that night that he should heale them and euerie one of them brought a piece of Venison and they brought so many that we knew not where to put them We yeelded great thankes vnto God who so continually euerie day increased his mercie and his grace towards vs. Thus when the cures were ended they began to dance and sing their rimes and make their sports vntill the next day at the rising of the Sunne and this festiuall iollitie continued three daies by reason of our comming thither Afterward wee asked them of the Countrie beyond and of the people and victualls that are found there and they answered vs that throughout all that Countrie there was much Tune but that they were now ended and that we should find no people because after they had gathered the Tune euerie one returned to their houses and that it was a verie cold Countrie and verie few skinnes were found there Seeing this and considering that the Winter and cold time of the yeere was come we agreed to winter with them And at the end of fiue daies after we came thither they departed thence and went to seeke other Tune where other people were of other Nations and diuers languages and hauing trauelled fiue daies iourney with much hunger because neither Tune not other fruits are found by the way wee came to a Riuer and set vp our houses there and after went to seeke certaine fruits of a tree like vnto a fig tree and there being no high way in all those places I staied longer then the rest in finding them and so they returned to their houses and I remained alone and comming to seeke our men that night I had almost lost my selfe and it pleased God that I found a tree vnder the which there was a fire and at that fire I passed the cold of that night In the morning I loaded my selfe with wood and taking two fire brands I returned to seeke them and went in this manner fiue daies alwaies with my fire and burden of wood because if my fire should haue beene extinguished in places where there had been no wood as in many places there is none I was to kindle other fire brands and not to remaine without fire because I had no other remedie against the cold being as naked as euer I was borne And in the night I had this remedie that I went to any small plat of ground beset with trees neere vnto the Riuer and there abode before the Sun went downe and made a trench in the ground and put much wood therein which they vse to doe of certaine trees whereof in those places there is great aâ—undance and put many stickes together of such as were falne and drie and about that trench I made foure fiers a crosse and thought to come from time to time to renew the fiers and had made certaine bundels of straw whereof in those places there is much and therewith I couered me in that trench and in this manner defended my selfe from the cold of the nights and on a certaine night and the fire lite on the straw which couered mee while I was sleeping in the trench So the fire began to burne verie fiercely and although with much furie I leaped out yet the token of the danger which I had passed remained in my haire In all this time I eate not one morsell nor found any thing to eate and going thus scorched and singed much bloud issued from my feet and God vsed great mercie towardes mee that in all this time the North winde blew not for otherwise there had beene no remedie but I must needs haue died At the end of my fiue daies I came to a Riuer side where I found my Indians who together with my Christians held me for dead and alwaies thought that some viper had stung me And when they found me they greatly reioyced to see me but principally the Christians who said vnto me that vntill that time they had trauelled with much hunger and for that cause they came not to seeke mee and that night they gaue mee of the Tune which they had The day following we departed thence and went vnto the place where much Tune was wherewith we all satisfied the great hunger which we had and we Christians gaue many thankes vnto our Lord God who left vs not without remedie The next day many Indians came to vs in the morning and brought fiue sicke men with them who were lame and verie ill and they came to seeke Castiglio that he might heale them and euery one of them that were diseased gaue him their Bowes and Arrowes which he receiued and at the setting of the Sun he blessed them and recommended them vnto God and wee all beâ—ought him with the best deuotion we could that he would giue them health seeing wee saw there was no other remedie but to doe the best we could that those people might helpe vs that so we might be able to get out of that miserable life and his infinite goodnesse dealt so mercifully with vs that when the morning came they all arose as sound and strong as if they had neuer had any disease This caused them much to wonder and likewise to render infinite thankes vnto our Lord and that we more entirely acknowledged his great goodnesse and had assured hope that he would deliuer vs and conduct vs vnto the place where we might better serue him And for my selfe I can boldly speake that I alwaies had an assured trust in his mercie that hee would raise me from that captiuitie and so I alwaies said to my companions When the Indians were gone and carried away their sicke men healed wee went thence where the other abode eating Tune and these are called Cacalcuches and Maticones who are of another language and together with them were other called Coaios and Susolas and on the other side others called Ataios and they maintaine warres with the Susolas and they shot euery day amongst them and because in those places they talked of nothing else but of miracles which our Lord God wrought by our meanes they came from many parts to seeke vs that we might heale them and at the end of
fished for afterward would haue beene of more value for those which they had because they burned them in the fire did leese their colour The Gouernour answered them that vrged him to inhabit That in all the Countrie there were not victuals to sustaine his men one moneth and that it was needefull to resort to the Port of Ocus where Maldanado was to stay for them and that if no richer Countrie were found they might returne againe to that whensoeuer they would and in the meane time the Indians would sow their fields and it would be better furnished with Maiz. He inquired of the Indians whether they had notice of any great Lord farther into the land They told him that twelue daies iourney from thence there was a Prouince called Chiaha subiect to the Lord of Coça Presently the Gouernour determined to seeke that land And being a sterne man and of few words though he was glad to sift and know the opinion of all men yet after he had deliuered his owne hee would not be contraried and alwayes did what liked himselfe and so all men did condescend vnto his will §. II. SOTOS further Discoueries in Florida and manifold various Aduentures till hee came to Tulla THe Gouernour departed from Cutifa Chiqui the third day of May. And because the Indians had reuolted and the will of the Ladie was perceiued that if shee could shee would depart without giuing any Guides or men for burdens for the wrongs which the Christians had done to the Indians for there neuer want some among many of a base sort that for a little gaine doe put themselues and others in danger of vndoing The Gouernour commanded her to be kept in safegard and carried with him not with so good vsage as shee deserued for the good will she shewed And he carried her on foot with his bond-women to looke vnto her In all the Townes where the Gouernour passed the Lady commanded the Indians to come and carrie the burdens from one Towne to another Wee passed through her Countrie an hundred leagues in which as wee saw shee was much obeyed For the Indians did all that shee commanded them with great efficacie and diligence In seuen dayes space the Gouernour came to a Prouince called Chalaque the poorest Countrie of Maiz that was seene in Florida The Indians fed vpon Roots and Herbes which they seeke in the fields and vpon wilde beasts which they kill with their Bowes and Arrowes and it is a very gentle people All of them goe naked and are very leane There was a Lord which for a great Present brought the Gouernour two Deeres skinnes and there were in that Countrie many wilde Hens In one Towne they made him a Present of seuen hundred Hens and so in other Townes they sent him those which they had or could get From this Prouince to another which is called Xualla hee spent fiue dayes here he found very little Maiz and for this cause though the people were wearied and the horses very weake hee stayed no more but two dayes From Ocute to Cutifa-chiqui may bee some hundred and thirtie leagues whereof eightie are Wildernesse From Cutifa-chiqui to Xualla two hundred and fiftie and it is an Hilly Countrie The Gouernour departed from Xualla toward Guaxule he passed very rough and high hils In that iourney the Lady of Cutifa-chiqui whom the Gouernour carried with him as is aforesaid with purpose to carrie her to Guaxule because her Territorie reached thither going on a day with the bond-women which lead her went out of the way and entred into a Wood saying shee went to ease her selfe and so shee deceiued them and hid her selfe in the Wood and though they sought her they could not find her She carried away with her a little chest made of Canes in manner of a Coffer which they call Petaca full of vnbored Pearles Some which could iudge of them said that they were of great value An Indian woman that waited on her did carrie them The Gouernour not to discontent her altogether left them with her making account that in Guaxule he would aske them of her when he giue her leaue to returne which Coffer shee carried away and went to Xualla with three slaues which fled from the Campe and one Horseman which remained behind who falling sicke of an Ague went out of the way and was lost This man whose name was Alimamos dealt with the slaues to change their euill purpose and returne with him to the Christians which two of them did and Alimamos and they ouertooke the Gouernour fiftie leagues from thence in a Prouince called Chiaha and reported how the Lady remayned in Xualla with a slaue of Andrew de Vasconcellos which would not come backe with them and that of a certaintie they liued as man and wife together and meant to goe both to Cutifa-chiqui Within fiue dayes the Gouernour came to Guaxule The Indians there gaue him a Present of three hundred Dogges because they saw the Christians esteeme them and sought them to feed on them for among them they are not eaten In Guaxule and all that way was very little Maiz. The Gouernour sent from thence an Indian with a message to the Cacique of Chiaha to desire him to gather some Maiz thither that he might rest a few dayes in Chiaha The Gouernour departed from Guaxule and in two dayes iourney came to a Towne called Canasagua There met him on the way twentie Indians euery one loaden with a basket full of Mulberies for there be many and those very good from Cutifa-chiqui thither and so forward in other Prouinces and also Nuts and Plums And the trees grow in the fields without planting or dressing them and are as bigge and as ranke as though they grew in Gardens digged and watered From the time that the Gouernour departed from Canasagua he iournied fiue dayes through a Desert and two leagues before he came to Chiaha there met him fifteene Indians loaden with Maiz which the Cacique had sent and they told him on his behalfe that he waited his comming with twentie Barnes full of it and farther that himselfe his Countrie and subiects and all things else were at his seruice On the fift day of Iune the Gouernour entred into Chiaha The Cacique voided his owne houses in which hee lodged and receiued him with much ioy There was in this Towne much Butter in Gourds melted like Oyle they said it was the fat of Beares There was found also great store of Oyle of Walnuts which was cleere as Butter and of a good taste and a pot full of Honie of Bees which neither before nor afterward was seene in all the Countrie The Towne was in an Iland betweene two armes of a Riuer and was seated nigh one of them The Riuer diuideth it selfe into those two branches two Crosse-bow shot aboue the Towne and meeteth againe a league beneath the same The plaine betweene both the branches is
others to honour him withall they doe their vttermost to subdue vs. He had then by him a little Chest full of Gold and Iewels and said Behold here the God of the Spaniards let vs doe to him if it so seeme you good Aretos which are windlesses and dances thus doing we shall please him and he will command the Spaniards that they shall doe vs no harme They answered all with a loud voyce Well said Sir well said Thus then they danced before it vntill they were weary then quoth the Lord Hathney Take wee heede how euer the world goe if we keepe him to the end that he be taken away from vs in the end they will kill vs wherefore let vs cast him into the Riuer whereunto they all agreed and so they cast it into a great Riuer there This Lord and Cacique went alwayes flying the Spanish incontinent as they were arriued at the I le of Cuba as he which knew them but too well and defended himselfe when he met them In the end he was taken and onely for because that hee fled from a Nati 〈…〉 so vniust and cruell and that he defended himselfe from such as would kill him and oppresse him euen vnto the death with all his folke he was burned aliue Now as he was fastned to the stake a religious man of Saint Francis order a deuou◠person spake to him somewhat of God and of our Faith which things this said Lord had neuer heard of yet might be sufficient for the time which the butchers gaue him that if he would beleeue those things which were spoken to him hee should goe to heauen where is glory and rest euerlasting that if he did not beleeue hee should goe to hell there to be tormented perpetually The Lord after hauing a little paused to thinke of the matter demanded of the Religious man whether that the Spaniards went to heauen who answered yea such of them that were good The Cacique answered againe immediately without any further deliberation that he would not goe to heauen but that he would goe to hell to the end not to come in the place where such people should be and to the end not to see a Nation so cruell Loe here the praises and honour which God and our faith haue receiued of the Spaniards which haue gone to the Indies One time the Indians came to meete vs and to receiue vs with victuals and delicate cheere and with all entertainment ten leagues of a great Citie and being come at the place they presented vs with a great quantity of fish and of bread and other meate together with all that they could doe for vs to the vttermost See incontinent the Diuell which put himselfe into the Spaniards to put them all to the edge of the sword in my presence without any cause whatsoeuer more then three thousand soules which were set before vs men women and children I saw there so great cruelties that neuer any man liuing either haue or shall see the like Another time but a few dayes after the premisses I sent messengers vnto all the Lords of the Prouince of Hanana assuring them that they should not neede to feare for they had heard of my credit and that without withdrawing themselues they should come to receiue vs and that there should be done vnto them no displeasure for all the Countrie was afraid by reason of the mischiefes and murderings passed and this did I by the aduice of the Captaine himselfe After that we were come into the Prouince one and twenty Lords and Caciques came to receiue vs whom the Captaine apprehended incontinently breaking the safe conduct which I had made them and intending the day next following to burne them aliue saying that it was expedient so to doe for that otherwise those Lords one day would doe vs a shrewd turne I found my selfe in a great deale of trouble to saue them from the fire howbeit in the end they escaped After that the Indians of this Iland were thus brought into bondage and calamitie like vnto those of the I le of Hispaniola and that they saw that they died and perished all without remedy some of them began to flye into the Mountaines others quite desperate hanged themselues and there hung together husbands with their wiues hanging with them their little children And through the crueltie of one only Spaniard which was a great tyrant and one whom I know there hung themselues more then two hundred Indians and in this fashion died an infinite of people There was in this I le an officer of the Kings to whom they gaue for his share three hundred Indians of whom at the end of three moneths there died by him in the trauell of the Mines two hundred and sixty in such sort that there remained now but thirty which was the tenth part Afterwards they gaue him as many more and more and those also hee made hauocke of in like manner and still as many as they gaue him so many he slew vntill he died himselfe and that the Diuell carried him away In three or foure moneths my selfe being present there died more then sixe thousand children by reason that they had plucked away from them their fathers and mothers which they sent into the Mines I beheld also other things frightfull Shortly after they resolued to climbe after those which were in the Mountaines where they wrought also ghastly slaughters and thus laid waste all this Ile which we beheld not long after and it is great pitie to see it so dispeopled and desolate as it is Of Terra Firma or the firme land IN the yeere 1514. there landed in the Maine a mischieuous Gouernour Hee not onely wasted or dispeopled the Sea Coast but sacked also great Realmes and Countries making hauocks by slaying and murdering of peoples infinite to be numbred and sending them to Hell He ouerranne and harried most of the places in the Land from Darien vpward vnto the Realme and Prouinces of Nicaragua within being which are more then fiue hundred leagues of the best and most fertile ground in the whole World where there were a good number of great Lords with a number of Townes Boroughes and Villages and store of gold in more abundance then was to be found on the earth vntill that present This Gouernour with his men found out new sorts of cruelties and torments to cause them to discouer and giue him gold There was a Captaine of his which slue in one walke and course which was made by his commandement to rob and roote out more then fortie thousand soules putting them to the edge of the Sword burning them and giuing them to the Dogges and tormenting them diuersly which also a Religious man of the Order of Saint Francis who went with him beheld with his eies and had to name Frier Francis of Saint Romane The most pernicious blindnesse which hath alwaies possessed those who haue gouerned the Indians in stead of the
they dare then to enter our Ports and trucke with vs as they counterfeited vnderhand when indeede they came but as Spies to discouer our strength trucking with vs vpon such hard conditions that our Gouernour might very well see their subtiltie and therefore neither could well indure nor would continue it And I may truely say beside so had our men abased and to such a contempt had they brought the value of our Copper that a peece which would haue bought a bushell of their Corne in former time would not now buy a little Cade or Basket of a Pottle And for this misgouernment chiefely our Colony is much bound to the Mariners who neuer yet in any Voyage hither but haue made a prey of our poore people in want insomuch as vnlesse they might aduance foure or fiue for one how assured soeuer of the payments of their Bils of Exchange they would not spare them a dust of Corne nor a pinte of Beere to giue vnto them the least comfort or reliefe although that Beere purloyned and stolne perhaps either from some particular supply or from the generall store so vncharitable a parcell of people they be and ill conditioned I my selfe haue heard the Master of a Shippe say euen vpon the arriuall of this Fleete with the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall when the said Master was treated with for such Commodities as hee brought to fell that vnlesse hee might haue an East Indian increase foure for one all charges cleered hee would not part with a Can of Beere Besides to doe vs more villany and mischiefe they would send of their long Boates still by night and well guarded make out to the neighbour Villages and Townes and there contrary to the Articles of the Fort which now pronounce death for a trespasse of that qualiâ—ie trucke with the Indians giuing for their trifles Otter skinnes Beuers Rokoone Furres Beares skinnes c. so large a quantity and meâ—sure of Copper as when the Trucke-Master for the Colony in the day time offered trade the Indians would laugh and scorne the same telling what bargains they met withall by night from our Mangot Quintons so calling our great Shippes by which meanes the Market with them forestalled thus by these dishonest men I may boldly say they haue bin a consequent cause this last yeare to the death and staruing of many a worthy spirit but I hope to see a true amendment and reformation as well of those as of diuers other intollerable abuses thrust vpon the Colony by these shamelesse people as also for the transportation of such prouisions and supplies as are sent hither and come vnder the charge of pursers a parcell fragment and odde ends of fellowes dependancies to the others a better course thought vpon of which supplies neuer yet came into the Store or to the Parties vnto whom such supplies were sent by relation hitherto a moitie or third part for the speedy redresse of this being so soueraigne a point I vnderstand how the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall hath aduise vnto the Counsell that there may be no more prouisions at all deliuered vnto Pursers but hath intreated to haue the prouision thus ordered He would haue a Commissary Generall of the Victuals to be appointed who receiuing the store for the Colony by Indenture from the Treasurer and Victuallers in England may keepe a iust accompt what the grosse amounteth vnto and what is transported euery Voyage in seuerall kindes as of Bread Meate Beere Wine c. which said Commissary shall deliuer ouer the same to the Master of euery Ship and take an Indenture from the said Master of what he hath in charge and what he is to deliuer to the Treasurer of the store in Virginia of which if any be wanting he the said Master shall make it good out of his owne intertainment otherwise the Pursers Stewards Coopers and quarter Masters will be sure still not onely to giue themselues and their friends double allowances but thinke it all well gotten that they can purloine and steale away Besides that the Indian thus euill intreated vs the Riuer which were wont before this time of the yeare to be plentifull of Sturgion had not now a Fish to be seene in it and albeit we laboured and hold our Net twenty times day and night yet we tooke not so much as would content halfe the Fishermen Our Gouernour therefore sent away his long Boate to coast the Riuer downward as farre as Point Comfort and from thence to Cape Henry and Cape Charles and all within the Bay which after a seuen nights triall and trauaile returned without any fruites of their labours scarse getting so much Fish as serued their owne Company And to take any thing from the Indian by force we neuer vsed nor willingly euer will and though they had well deserued it yet it was not now time for they did as I said before but then set their Corne and at their best they had but from hand to mouth so as what now remained such as we found in the Fort had wee staid but foure dayes had doubtâ—esse bin the most part of them starued for their best reliefe was onely Mushrums and some hearbes which sod together made but a thin and vnsauory broath and swelled them much The pitty hereof moued our Gouernour to draw forth such prouision as he had brought proportioning a measure equally to euery one a like But then our Gouernor began to examine how long this his store would hold out and found it husbanded to the best aduantage not possible to serue longer then sixteene dayes after which nothing was to be possibly supposed out of the Countrey as before remembred nor remained there then any meanes to transport him elsewhere Whereupon hee then entred into the consultation with Sir George Summers and Captaine Newport calling vnto the same the Gentlemen and Counsell of the former Gouernment intreating both the one and the other to aduise with him what was best to be done The prouision which they both had aboord himselfe and Sir George Summers was examined and deliuered how it being rackt to the vttermost extended not aboue as I said sixteene dayes after two Cakes a day The Gentlemen of the Town who knew better of the Country could not giue him any hope or wayes how to improue it from the Indian It soone then appeared most fit by a generall approbation that to preserue and saue all from staruing there could be no readier course thought on then to abandon the Country and accommodating themselues the best that they might in the present Pinnaces then in the road namely in the Discouery and the Uirginia and in the two brought from and builded at the Bermudas the Delinerance and the Patience with all speede conuenient to make for the New found Land where being the fishing time they might meete with many English Ships into which happily they might disperse most of the Company This Consultation
returned home into Plimmoth for a new supply of victuals and other necessaries who considering the foresaid tempest were of opinion that the Nauie being of late dispersed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean was by no meanes able to performe their intended Voyage Moreouer the Lord Charles Howard Lord high Admirall of England had receiued Letters from the Court signifying vnto him that her Maiesty was aduertised that the Spanish Fleete would not come forth nor was to be any longer expected for and therefore that vpon her Maiesties commandement hee must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest Ships vnto Chattam The Lord high Admirall of England being thus on the sudden namely vpon the 19. of Iuly about foure of the clocke in the afternoone enformed by the Pinnace of Captaine Fleming aforesaid of the Spaniards approach with all speede and diligence possible hee warped his Ships and caused his Mariners and Souldiers the greater part of whom was absent for the cause aforesaid to come on boord and that with great trouble and difficultie insomuch that the Lord Admirall himselfe was faine to lie without in the road with six Ships onely all that night after the which many others came forth of the hauen The very next day being the 20. of Iuly about high noone was the Spanish Fleet escried by the English which with a South-west winde came sailing along and passed by Plimmouth in which regard according to the iudgement of many skilfull Nauigators they greatly ouershot themselues whereas it had beene more commodious for them to haue staied themselues there considering that the Englishmen being as yet vnprouided greatly relied vpon their owne forces and knew not the estate of the Spanish Nauie Moreouer this was the most conuenient Port of all others where they might with greater security haue beene aduertised of the English forces and how the commons of the land stood affected and might haue stirred vp some mutinie so that hit her they should haue bent all their puissance and from hence the Duke of Parma might more easily haue conueied his Ships But this they were prohibited to doe by the King and his Counsell and were expresly commanded to vnite themselues vnto the souldiers and ships of the said Duke of Parma and so to bring their purpose to effect Which was thought to be the most easie and direct course for that they imagined that the English and Dutch men would be vtterly daunted and dismaied thereat and would each man of them retire vnto his owne Prouâ—â—ce or Port for the defence thereof and transporting the Armie of the Duke vnder the protection of their huge Nauie they might inuade England It is reported that the chiefe commanders in the Nauy and those which were more skilfull in nauigation to wit Iohn Martines de Ricalde Diego Flores de Ualdez and diuers others found fault that they were bound vnto so strict directions and instructions because that in such a case many particular accidents ought to concurre and to be respected at one and the same instant that is to say the opportunitie of the winde weather time tide and ebbe wherein they might faile from Flanders to England Oftentimes also the darknesse and light the situation of places the depths and shoalds were to be considered all which especially depended vpon the conueniency of the windes and were by so much the more dangerous But it seemed that they were enioyned by their Commission to ancre neere vnto or about Caleis whither the Duke of Parma with his ships and all his warlike prouision was to resort and while the English and Spanish great ships were in the midst of their conflict to passe by and to land his souldiers vpon the Downes The Spanish Captiues reported that they were determined first to haue entred the Riuer of Thames thereupon to haue passed with small ships vp to London supposing that they might easily win that rich and flourishing Citie being but meanely fortified and inhabited with Citizens not accustomed to the wars who durst not withstand their first encounter hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maiestie and Popish Catholikes or some fauourers of the Scottish Queene not long before beheaded who might be instruments of sedition Thus often aduertising the Duke of Parma of their approach the 20. of Iuly they passed by Plimmouth which the English pursuing and getting the winde of them gaue them the chase and the encounter and so both Fleetes frankly exchanged their Bullets The day following which was the 21. of Iuly the English Ships approached within Musket shot of the Spanish at what time the Lord Charles Howard most hotly and valiantly discharged his Ordnance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall The Spaniards then well perceiuing the nimblenesse of the English ships in discharging vpon the enemy on all sides gathered themselues close into the forme of an halfe Moone and slackned their sailes least they should outgoe any of their company And while they were proceeding on in this manner one of their great Galliasses was so furiously battered with shot that the whole Nauie was faine to come vp rounder together for the safegard thereof whereby it came to passe that the principall Galleon of Siuill wherein Don Pedro de Valdez Vasques de Silua Alonzo de Sayas and other Noble men were embarqued falling foule of another ship had her fore-mast broken and by that meanes was not able to keepe way with the Spanish Fleete neither would the said Fleete stay to succour it but lâ—ft the distressed Galeon behinde The Lord Admirall of England when hee saw this Ship of Ualdez and thought she had beene voide of Marriners and Souldiers taking with him as many ships as he could passed by it that hee might not loose sight of the Spanish Fleete that night For Sir Francis Drake who was not withstanding appointed to beare out his Lanterne that night was giuing of chase vnto fiue great Hulkes which had separated themselues from the Spanish Fleete but finding them to be Easterlings hee dismissed them The Lord Admirall all that night following the Spanish Lanterne instead of the English found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his enemies Fleete but when he perceiued it he clenly conueied himselfe out of that great danger The day following which was the 22. of Iuly Sir Francis Drake espied Valdez his ship whereunto he sent for his Pinnace and being aduertised that Ualdez himselfe was there and 450. persons with him he sent him word that hee should yeelde himselfe Valdez for his honours fake caused certaine conditions to be propounded vnto Drake who answered Valdez that he was not now at leisure to make any long parle but if he would yeelde himselfe he should finde him friendly and tractable howbeit if he had resolued to die in fight he should proue Drake to be no dastard Vpon which answer Ualdez and his Company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the hands of fortunate Drake being
by reason they had so frankly spent the greater part in the former conflicts The same day a Counsell being assembled it was decreed that the English Fleete should be deuided into foure squadrons the principall whereof was committed vnto the Lord Admirall the second to Sir Francis Drake the third to Captaine Hawkins the fourth to Captaine Frobisher The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order sailing three and foure and sometimes more ships in a ranke and following close vp one after another and the stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser The fiue and twenty of Iuly when the Spaniards were come ouer-against the Isle of Wight the Lord admirall of England being accompanied with his best ships namely the Lion Captaine whereof was the Lord Thomas Howard The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the command of Sir Robert Southwell son in law vnto the Lord Admirall the Beare vnder the Lord Sheffield Nephew vnto the Lord Admirall the Victorie vnder Captaine Barker and the Galeon Leicester vnder the forenamed Captain George Fenner with great valour and dreadfull thunder of shot encountered the Spanish Admirall being in the very midst of all his Fleete Which when the Spaniards perceiued being assisted with his strongest ships he came forth and entered a terrible combat with the English for they bestowed each on other the broad sides and mutually discharged all their Ordnance being within one hundred or an hundred and twenty yards one of another At length the Spaniards hoised vp their failes and againe gathered themselues vp close into the forme of a roundell In the meane while Captaine Frobisher had engaged himselfe into a most dangerous conflict Whereupon the Lord Admirall comming to succour him found that hee had valiantly and discreetly behaued himselfe and that he had wisely and in good time giuen ouer the fight because that after so great a batterie he had sustained no damage For which cause the day following being the sixe and twenty of Ioly the Lord Admirall rewarded him with the order of Knighthood together with the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Sheffield Master Iohn Hawkins and others The same day the Lord Admirall receiued intelligence from New-hauen in France by certaine of his Pinnaces that all things were quit in France and that there was no preparation of sending aide vnto the Spaniards which was greatly feared from the Guisian faction and from the Leaguers but there was a false rumour spread all about that the Spaniards had conquered England The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the Spaniards about the sun-setting were come ouer-against Douer and rode at ancre within the sight of Caleis intending to hold on for Dunkerk expecting there to ioyne with the Duke of Parma his forces without which they were able to doe little or nothing Likewise the English Fleete following vp hard vpon them ancred iust by them within culuering-shot And here the Lord Henry Seymer vnited himselfe vnto the Lord Admirall with his fleet of 30. ships which rode before the mouth of Thames As the Spanish Nauie therefore lay at ancre the Duke of Medina sent certaine Messengers vnto the Duke of Parma with whom vpon that occasion many Noblemen and Gentlemen went to refresh themselues on land and amongst the rest the Prince of Ascoli being accounted the Kings base son and a very proper and towardly yong Gentleman to his great good went on shoare who was by so much the more fortunate in that he had not opportunity to returne on boord the same ship out of which he was departed because that in returning home it was cast away vpon the Irish coast withall the persons contained therein The Duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Fleetes arriuall vpon the coast of England made all the haste hee could to be present himselfe in this expedition for the performance of his charge vainely perswading himselfe that now by the meanes of Cardinall Allen hee should be crowned King of England and for that cause he had resigned the Gouernment of the Low-Countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder And hauing made his vowes vnto Saint Mary of Hall in Heâ—ault whom he went to visite for hisblinde deuotions sake he returned toward Bruges the eight and twenty of Iuly The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard the thundring Ordnance of either Fleete and the same euening being come to Dixmud hee was giuen to vnderstand the hard successe of the Spanish Fleete Vpon tuesday which was the 13. of Iuly about high noone he came to Dunkerk when as all the Spanish Fleete was now passed by neither durst any of his ships in the meane space come forth to assist the said Spanish Fleet for feare of fiue and thirty warlike ships of Holland and Zeland which there kept watch and ward vnder the conduct of the Admirall Iustin of Nassau The foresaid fiue and thirty ships were furnished with most cunning Mariners and old expert Souldiers amongst the which were twelue hundred Musketeers whom the States had chosen out of all their Garrisons and whom they knew to haue beene heretofore experienced in Sea-fights This Nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suffer any ship to come out of the Hauen nor to permit any Zabraes Pataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers to enter thereinto for the greater ships were not to be feared by reason of the shallow Sea in that place Howbeit the Prince of Parma his forces being as yet vnready were not come on boord his ships onely the English Fugitiues being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanley came in fit time to haue beene embarked because they hoped to giue the first assault against England The residue shewed themselues vnwilling and loath to depart because they saw but a few Marriners who were by constraint drawne into this expedition and also because they had very bare prouision of Bread Drinke and other necessary victuals Moreouer the ships of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight threatning shot and Powder and many inconueniences vnto them for feare of which ships the Mariners and Sea-men secretly withdrew themselues both day and night least that the Duke of Parma his Souldiers should compell them by maine force to goe on boord and to breake through the Hollanders Fleete which all of them iudged to be impossible by reason of the straightnesse of the Hauen But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and presumptuous expectation that all the ships of England and of the Low-Countries would at the first sight of the Spanish and Dunkerk Nauie haue betaken themselues to flight yeelding them Sea-roome and endeuouring onely to defend themselues their hauens and Sea-coasts from inuasion Wherefore their intent and purpose was that the Duke of Parma in his small and flat-bottomed ships should as it were vnder the shadow and
for many purposes this gumme is black and brittle much like in shew to common pitch if you put a little of it vpon burning coales it filleth all the roome with a most sweet and pleasant sauour He further reporteth of it that certainly if you hold your head ouer the fume thereof three or foure times a day it cureth the giddinesse of the head and is also a most excellent comfort and remedie for a cold moist and rheumatike braine it is also good against the resolution or as the common sort call it the dead palsie whereof the giddinesse of the head is often a messenger and the fore-teller of that most pernicious griefe It is also of great vse for the paine that many women haue in the lower part of their backs which is very common to such as haue had children for remedie whereof it is to be melted in a pewter vessell with a gentle fire then with a knife it must be spread lightly vpon a piece of leather and laid warme to the place grieued vntill it come off of it selfe This plaister is also very good for aches and doth greatly comfort and strengthen the sinewes Thus much hath Master Cary written and reported of it and hath proued by his owne experience This gumme is also approued to bee an excellent remedie against the gowt and of singular vertue in the cure of wounds The Barratta is a most soueraigne Balsamum farre excelling all others yet knowne which by the same Gentlemans experience is of admirable operation in the cure of greene wounds and being burned vpon coales is of a sweet and odoriferous sauour There bee many other sweet gummes of great vse for perfumes whereoâ— one doth make a very rare perfume much like vnto the sent of sweete Margerum very pleasant and delectable For physick there be also many excellent Drugs namely Spiknard Cassia Fistula Sene and the earth yeeldeth Bole-Armoniack and Terra-Lemnia all which are knowne vnto vs. There be other Drugs and Simples also of strange and rare vertue in these parts vnknowne of which sort there is a little greene Apple by the Indians called in their language The sleeping Apple which in operation is so violent that one little bit thereof doth cause a man to sleepe to death the least drop of the juyce of it will purge in vehement and excessiue manner as dangerously was proued by my cousin Vnton Fisher who first found it for biting a little of it for a taste and finding it to burne his mouth in some extremitie did sodainly spit it out againe but some small quantitie of the juyce against his will went downe into his stomack which for two or three dayes space did prouoke in him an extraordinarie sleepinesse and purged him with sixtie seates This Apple for the purging vertue in so small a quantitie is like to bee of good price and great estimation in the practice of physick for the learned Physicians doe well know how to correct the sleeping qualitie thereof wherein the danger resteth There is a berrie in those parts very excellent against the bloudie-fluxe by the Indians it is called Kellette The juyce of the leafe called Vppee cureth the wounds of the poysoned arrowes The juyce of the leafe called Icari is good against the head-ache Many other Drugs and Simples are there found of singular properties both in physick and chirurgerie which if they should bee seuerally described according to their value and worthinesse would containe a large Volume Moreouer the Tree wherewith they take their fish is not a little to be esteemed but chiefly the great goodnesse of God therein is highly to bee praysed and admired who amongst so many admirable things by him created and planted in those parts hath vouchsafed to bestow vpon those barbarous people so great a benefit and naturall helpe for the present getting of their food and sustenance These trees are commonly growing neere vnto the places of their habitation for their present vse for when at any time they goe to fish they take three or foure little sticks of this tree and bruise them vpon a stone and then go into certain smal creeks by the Sea-shoare which at a high water are vsually full of very good fish of diuers kindes which come in with the tyde and there they wade vp and downe the water and betweene their hands rub those small bruised sticks therein which are of such vertue that they will cause the fish to turne vp their bellies and lye still aboue the water for a certaine time In which space they presently take as many as they please and lade them into their Canoes and so with little labour returne home sufficiently prouided There is also a red speckled wood in that Countrie called Pira timinere which is worth thirtie or fortie pounds a Tun It is excellent for Ioyners worke as chaires stonles bed-steds presses cupboords and for wainscot There are diuers kindes of stone of great vse and good price as Iasper Porphyrie and the Spleene-sione There is yet another profitable commoditie to bee reaped in Guiana and that is by Tabacco which albeit some dislike yet the generalitie of men in this Kingdome doth with great affection entertaine it It is not only in request in this our Countrey of England but also in Ireland the Neatherlands in all the Easterly Countreyes and Germany and most of all amongst the Turkes and in Barbary The price it holdeth is great the benefit our Merchants gaine thereby is-infinite and the Kings rent for the custome thereof is not a little The Tabacco that was brought into this Kingdome in the yeare of our Lord 1610. was at the least worth 60. thousand pounds And since that time the store that yeerely hath come in was little lesse It is planted gathered seasoned and made vp fit for the Merchant in short time and with easie labour But when we first arriued in those parts wee altogether wanted the true skill and knowledge how to order it which now of late we happily haue learned of the Spaniards themselues whereby I dare presume to say and hope to proue within few moneths as others also of sound iudgement and great experience doe hold opinion that onely this commoditie Tabacco so much sought after and desired will bring as great a benefite and profit to the vndertakers as euer the Spaniards gained by the best and richest Siluer Myne in all their Indies considering the charge of both The things which the Indians desire from vs by way of trade in exchange for the aboue named commodities whereby wee hold societie and commerce with them are Axes Hatchets Billhookes Kniues all kinde of Edge-tooles Nailes great Fish-hookes Harping-irons Iewes Trumps Looking-glasses blue and white Beads Christall Beades Hats Pinnes Needles Salt Shirts Bands linnen and woollen Clothes Swords Muskets Caleeuers Powder and Shot but of these last mentioned we are very sparing and part not with many vnlesse vpon
beene taken with thirteene in her bellie There are others called Iararcoaypitiuga that is that hath the point of the tayle more white then grey these are as venomous as Vipers of Spaine and haue the same colour and fashion There are others called Iararacpeba most venomous it hath a red chaine along the backe and the breasts and the rest of the bodie is all grey There are other smaller Iararacas that the greatest is about halfe a yard long they are of an earthie colour they haue certaine veines in their head like the Vipers and they make such a noise as they doe The Curucucu is a Snake very hideous and fearefull and some are of fifteene spannes long when the Indians doe kill them they burie presently the head because it hath great store of poison for to catch the prey and the people it lieth close to a tree and when it seeth the prey it casts it selfe vpon it and so killeth it The Boycininga is a Snake called of the Bell it is of a great poison but it maketh such a noise with a Bell it hath in his taile that it catcheth very few though it be so swift that they call it the flying Snake his length is twelue or thirteene spannes long There is another called Bociningpeba this also hath a Bell but smaller it is blacke and very venomous The poison of the Ibiracua Snake is so vehement that if it biteth any person presently it makes him to voide bloud through all the passages of his bodie to wit the eies nostrils mouth eares and all open places else of his bodie it runneth a great while and if he be not holpen he empties his bloud and dieth The Snake Ibiboboca is very faire it hath the head red white and blacke and so all the bodie is spotted of these three colours this is the most venomous of all it goeth slowly and liueth in the crannies of the earth and by another name it is called the Snake of the colours The great vehemencie that these venomous Snakes aboue said haue the great paines they cause and the many persons that euery day doe die of their stinging cannot be exprest and they are so many in number that not onely the fields and the woods but euen the houses are full of them and they are found in the beds and within the bootes when they put them on The Brethren going to their rest doe finde them there wound about the benches feet and if they be not holpen when they sting cutting the wound letting him bloud drinking Vnicornes horne or Carima or the water of the Snakes-wood or some other effectuall remedie in foure and twentie houres and lesse he dieth with great crying and paines and they are so excessiue that when any person is bitten presently he demandeth confession and maketh account to die and so disposeth of his goods There are other Snakes chiefely these Iararacas that haue a great smell of Muske and wheresoeuer they bee they are descried by the good and fragrant smell they haue There are many Scorpions that euery day are found in their beds among the bookes and about the chambers ordinarily they kill not but in foure and twentie houres they caufe intolerable paines It seemeth that this climate doth flowe in poison as well for the many Snakes there are as for the multitude of Scorpions Spiders and other vncleane creatures and the Lizards are so many that they couer the walls of the house and the holes are full of them Of the Fowles that are in the Land and are thereon sustained EVen as this climate doth flowe in poison so it seemeth to create beautifulnesse in the birds and as all the Countrie is full of Groues and Woods so it is full of most beautifull birds of all colours The Parots in this Countrie are infinite more then Dawes or Starlings or Thrushes or Sparrowes of Spaine and so they make a cackling as the birds aboue-said they destroy them by thousands they flie in flockes alwaies and they are so many that there be Ilands where there is nothing but Parots they are eaten and are very good meate they are ordinarily very faire and of many and sundrie colours and kindes and they almost all speake if they be taught The Arara Parots are those that by another name are called Macaos it is a great bird and are very rare and by the sea-coast they are not found it is a faire bird in colours their breasts are red as scarlet from the middle of the bodie to the taile some are yellow others greene others blue and through all the bodie they haue scattering some greene some yellow and blue feathers and ordinarily euery feather hath three or foure colours and the taile is very long These lay but two egges they breed in the trunkes of trees and in the rockes of stone The Indians esteeme them very much and of their feathers they make their fine things and their hangings for their swords it is a very pleasant bird they become very tame and domesticall and speake very well if they be taught The Anapuru Parot is most faire in it all colours are found with great perfection to wit red greene yellow blacke blue grey the colour of the Bulfinch and of all these colours it hath the bodie bespeckled and spotted These also doe speake and they haue another aduantage that is they breed in the house and hatch their young ones wherefore they are of great esteeme The Araruna or Machao is very faire it is all blacke and this blacke sprinkled with greene which giueth it a great beautie and when the Sunne shineth on him he is so shining that it is very pleasant to behold it hath the feet yellow and the beake and the eies red they are of great esteeme for their beautie for they are very rare and breed not but very farre within the Land and of their feathers the Indians make their Diademes and Pictures The Parots Aiurucuro are most beautifull they are all greene they haue a cap and a collar of yellow very faire and ouer the beake a few feathers of a very cleare blue which doe beautifie him very much it hath p 〈…〉 ions of the wings red and the taile feathers red and yellow sprinkled with greene The Tuins are a kinde of Parot very small of the bignesse of a Sparrow they are greene sprinkled with other diuers colours they are much esteemed as well for their beautie as because they prattle much and well and are very tame They are so small that they skip euery where on a man on his hands his breast his shoulders and his head and with his bill hee will cleanse ones teeth and will take the meate out of the mouth of him that brings them vp and make many gambols they are alwaies speaking or singing after their owne fashion The Parots Guiraiubae or Yellow birds neither speake not play but are
eaten and it hath no poison The Caramuru are like the Sea Snakes of Portugall of ten or fifteene spans long very fat and roafted taste like Pigge these haue strange teeth and many men are may med by their bytings and the hand or foot where they were bitten doe rot away It hath ouer all the bodie many prickels The Countrimen say that they engender with the Snakes for they finde them many times knit with them and many in the sands tarrying for the Sea Snakes Amoreaty is like the Toad fish it is full of prickels and thrusts himselfe vnder the sand along the shoare and prickes the foot or hand vnderneath that toucheth it and it hath no other remedie but only by fire Amayacurub is round and of the bignesse of the Bugallos of Spaine and are very venemous it hath the bodie full of Wartes and therefore it is called Curub that is to say a Wart in their Language Ierepomonga is a Snake that liueth in the Sea her manner of liuing is to lie very still and whatsoeuer liuing thing that toucheth it remaineth so fast sticking to it that in no wise it can stirre and so he feedeth and sustaines himselfe Sometimes it commeth out of the Sea and becommeth very small and as soone as it is toucht it sticketh fast and if they goe with the other hand to lose themselues they remaine also fast by it and then it becommeth as bigge as a great Cable and so carrieth the person to the Sea and eateth it and because it cleaueth so fast it is called Terepomong that is to say a thing that cleaneth fast Finally there are many kinds of very venomous fishes in the Sea that haue so vehement a poison that ordinarily none escapeth that catech or toucheth them The Mermen or men of the Sea are called in their language Ypupiapra the men of the country are so afraid of them that many of them die only with the thought of them none that seeth them scapeth Some that died already being demanded the cause said that they had seene this Monster they properly are like men of a good stature but their eies are very hollow The Female are like women they haue long haire and are beautiful these Monsters are found in the bars of the fresh Riuers in Iagoaripe seuen or eight leagues from the Bay haue many bin found in the yeere 82. an Indian going to fish was chased by one and fleeing in a Canoa told it to his Master The Master for to animate the Indian would needs go see the Monster being carelesse with one hand out of the Canoa it catcht hold of him and carried him away and hee was neuer seene againe and in the same yeere died an Indian of Franciscus Lorenço Cacyro In Port Secure are some seene which haue killed some Indians alreadie the manner of their killing is to embrace themselues with the person so strongly kissing and grasping it hard to it selfe that they crush it in pieces remaining whole and when they perceiue it dead they giue some sighings in shew of sorrow and letting them goe they runne away and if they carrie any they eate onely the eies the nose the points of the fingers and toes and priuie members and so ordinarily they are found on the sands with these things missing The Seas of these parts are very plentifull of Cutties this kind of fish hath a hood alwaies full of very blacke Inke this is their defence from the greater fishes for when they come to catch them they cast that Inke before their eies and the water becommeth very blacke and then hee goes his waies They take them with shooting at them but they baite them first they are also taken with lights by night For to eate them they beate them and the more the softer they are and of better taste Apula is a shel-fish like the joint of a Cane it is rare it is eaten and drinking it fasting in Powder a souereigne remedie for the Milt or Spleene In these parts are infinite of the Sea-fomes and are great as broad as a hat they haue many foulds wherewith they catch the fish and resemble the Barberie Purses they are not eaten if they sting any one they cause great paines and cause to weepe and so said an Indian that was stung with one of them that he had receiued many wounds with Arrowes but neuer wept till then they are neuer seene but in neape tides or slow waters therefore the Portugals call them Agnas mortas or Dead waters The Vça is a kind of Crab found in the mire and they are infinite and the foode of all this Countrie chiefly for the slaues of Guinea and the Indians of the Countrie they haue a good taste vpon them is good drinking cold water They haue a particularitie to bee noted that when they cast their shell they goe into their holes and there they are two or three moneths and casting the shell mouthes and feet they come so out and they grow againe as before Guainumu is a kind of Crabs so great that a mans legge will goe into their mouth They are good to eate when it doth thunder they come out of their holes and make so great a noise the one with the other that men haue gone out with their weapons thinking they had beene enemies if they doe eate a certaine herbe whosoeuer eateth them then dieth these are of the Land but keepe in holes neere the Sea side The Aratu Crabs keepe in the trunkes of the trees that grow in the Oowes of the Sea when thay find a Cockle that gapeth they seeke presently some little stone and very cunningly put it into the Cockle the Cockle shutteth presently and not beeing able because of the little stone it hath within they with their mouthes doe take out the fish and eate it There are ten or twelue kinds of Crabs in this Countrie and as I haue said they are so many in number and so healthfull that all are eaten especially of the Indians c. The Oysters are many and some are very great and the meate is as broad as the palme of the hand in these are some Pearles found very rich in other smaller are also very fine Pearles found The Indians in old time came to the Sea for Oysters and got so many that they made great Hils of the shels and carried the fishes they carried away for to eate all the yeere vpon these Hils by the continuance of time grew great Groues of Trees and very thicke and high and the Portugals discouered some and euery day goe discouering others anew and of these shels they make lime and of one only heape was part of the Colledge of the Bay made the Palaces of the Gouernour and many other buildings and yet it is not ended the lime is very white good for to garnish and lime withall if it bee in the raine it becommeth
secure and quiet in minde but presently thirtie paces distant almost from vs on the right hand wee saw a Lizard on an hill bigger then the body of a man and fiue or sixe foot long Hee being spread all ouer with white and rough scales like Oyster-shells holding vp one of his fore-feet with his head aloft and shining eyes began to behold vs. Wherefore being astonished for none of vs as it then fell out carried a Hand-gunne but had onely our Swords at our sides and Bowes and Arrowes which weapons could not greatly hurt that Monster armed with such hard scales Neuerthelesse fearing left if wee shifted for our selues by flight being swifter then wee he would dispatch vs altogether when the one fearefully beheld the other we stood still in the same place But after that prodigious and fearefull Lizard had beheld vs a quarter of an houre with an open mouth and because it was exceeding hot weather for it was a cleere day almost at noone fetching a deepe groane that wee might easily heare it vpon a sodaine he went vnto the top of a Mountaine with so great noise of the crashing and breaking of twigs and boughs as a Deere running through a Wood would scarce haue made Wee therefore who then were much affrighted not being very carefull to pursue him gaue thankes vnto God who had deliuered vs and proceeded againe on our intended Iourney And embracing their opinion who affirme that the Lizard is delighted with the sight of a man it seemed to me that the beholding of vs pleased that Monster as much as we were â—ormented through his presence There is also a wilde beast bred with them that liueth vpon the prey which they call Ian-ouare This beast hath legs almost as long as an hunting Dog and matcheth him almost in swiftnesse but about the chinne hath long shagged haire with a spotted skinne and faire like vnto a Lynx and also very like in the rest The Barbarians not without iust cause greatly feare that wilde beast For seeing shee is accustomed to the prey as also the Lion if shee catch any of them she teareth him in pieces and deuoureth him But as they are desirous of reuenge and suffer not any of those things vnreuenged which are troublesome vnto them if they take any in hollow trenches which they make for that cause or with any other kinde of Traps or Gins they put her to a lingring death shooting her through with many Arrowes that shee might the longer languish and that it may the better appeare how euilly that wilde beast dealeth with the Barbarians when sometimes fiue or sixe Frenchmen of the companie passed by this way the Americans aduised vs to beware of the Ian-ouare because that very selfe-same weeke shee had cruelly deuoured three men in a certaine Village of theirs I thought good to adde to this Edition that the Americans before the Voyage of Uillagagno had neuer seene Dogs and therefore when they beheld a Dog of the kinde of Hounds which with certaine whelpes we brought thither and that he fauned on vs they were astonished and fled away from him because as I mentioned before hee came neere vnto the shape of the Ian-ouare For that cause also Gomard in-his Generall Indian Historie testifieth that in the yeere 1509. when Christopherus Columbus first arriued at the Iland Beringua called also by the name of Saint Iohn the Indians of this Countrie who made warre with the Spaniards greatly feared a red Dog and that he stood them in as good stead almost as two Harquebussers because he did not onely fiercely assaile the Barbarians but also discerning his companions from the Enemies although being prouoked he was not offensiue vnto them but also taking notice of the Caribas the worst and most detestable nation of all those Countries pursued them fleeing into the middest of the Armie of the Enemies and being so much prouoked tooke no rest vntill he had torne the Enemie in pieces on whom he seized fighting so fortunately for the Spaniards that being accompanied with him they fought so cheerfully against the Indians as if they had had three horsemen in their companie Yet this Dog while hee swam after I know not what Cariba being shot with a poisoned Arrow died and made his Master very sorrowfull and the Indians ioyfull and glad So Uallouas also the most valiant Captaine of the Spaniards when he first discouered the South Sea letting slip the Dogs which hee had against the Indians who withstood him from entring on the Land the Barbarians were stricken with so great a feare that they were compelled to prouide for themselues by flight and the Dogs of Vallouas preuailed as much as the best Souldiers of them all Moreouer many Monkeyes are found on the Brasilian coast little and blacke which they call Cay which I cease to describe because they are very well knowne vnto vs. I will onely declare this one thing that seeing they continually liue in the tops of trees bearing fruits in cods like vnto our Beanes wherewith they are nourished and meete together there in companies especially when the smoaking showres fall it is a pleasant thing to heare them crying and making a noise But seeing at one birth they onely bring forth one young one the Monkey as soone as he commeth into the world is indued with that naturall industrie that he firmely hangeth about the necke of the Syre or the Damme therefore if Hunters come suddenly vpon them the Syre or Dammes leaping through the boughs he also taketh his flight together with them For which cause the Barbarians cannot easily catch Monkeyes of any age whatsoeuer yet they cast them downe from trees wounded with Arrowes and afterward hauing healed them and made them tame a little while at home they exchange and barter them for Merchandises But at the first they are so fierce that they wound the fingers of them that handle them with their teeth so that being bitten they are very often compelled through paine to kill them with strokes There is also another kinde of Monkey among the Americans which they call Sagouin of the bignesse of a Squirrell and of a red haire but as touching the shape in the snout breast necke and almost all the other parts being very like vnto a Lion and also hardie it giueth place in beautie to none of the little beasts which surely I saw there And if it were as easily brought ouer the Sea as the rest it would be of farre greater price and estimation But seeing it is of so weake a little bodie that it cannot indure the working of the ship for it is of that haughtinesse of spirit that if it be offended neuer so little it would die through discontentment yet some are here to be found But that I may freely confesse the matter as it is although I haue beene curious I was not so diligent in obseruing all the liuing creatures of America as I desired neuerthelesse
certaine Towne which they call Ocarentim and that we supped abroad in the open Aire the Barbarians Inhabitants of that Village flocking together to see vs not to feast with vs for this is their vsuall custome that they neuer sit together at meate with those whom they reuerence most the elder men especially with many tokens of friendship stood â—ound about vs as our guard or attendants and holding in their hands the bone of the beake of a certaine fish of three or foure foot long in the forme of a Sawe they droue away the children from vs with these words Get you hence Knaues for you are vnworthy to come vnto these men So they beheld vs attentiuely and holding their peace not speaking the least word the meane while vntill the Banket being ended a certaine elderly man obseruing vs to beginne meate with Prayers and also to end Supper with Prayer comming vnto vs spoke thus What meaneth this custom which you now vsed when taking of your caps you all kept silence saue one that spoke to whom appertained that speech which he made to any of you that are present or to some that are absent There fitly taking that occasion offered that I might speake vnto them concerning the true worship of God seeing besides the largenesse of that village the great resort of people I also perceiued the BarbariaÌ„s more attentiue then they were wont I intreated our Interpreter that he would declare my speech vnto them in their Language that they might conceiue the same Then beginning with the question of the old man I answered that our Prayers were directed vnto God and that although he could not see him he had not only plainly heard vs but also did apparantly know whatsoeuer we had hid in our hearts From thence comming to the Creation of the World I first of all laboured to teach them that among the creatures God made man the most noble and excellent that hee should so much the more endeuour to extoll the glorie of his Creator And that we surely in that we worshipped him were deliuered by his hand from infinite dangers of a very long Nauigation in so vast a Sea and depending vpon his helpe were freed from aâ—â— feare of Aignan both in this life and in the life to come Wherefore if they would reiect the delusions of their Caraibes and that barbarous custome of deuouring mans flesh they should vndoubtedly obtaine the same gifts of God which they saw we had Moreouer we added many things concerning the corruption and fall of Mankind that we might prepare their minds vnto Christ applying Reasons and Examples to their capacitie as much as might be Now when they had harkened vnto vs aboue the space of two hoâ—res with great attention and admiration one of them reuerent for his authoritie and yeeres discoursed after this manner Surely you haue here told vs wonderfull and excellent things and such as we haue neuer heard before and certainly your speech hath brought into my memorie what wee haue often heard our Grandfathers report To wit that euen from ancient time and so many Moones since as we cannot now remember a certaine Mair that is a Frenchman or stranger of any other Nation came into these Countries attirâ—d after your manner and hauing a beard And that hee to the â—nd hee might draw them to the obedience of your God made such a speech vnto them as you deliuered vnto vs this day But as it was reported vnto vs by tradition from our Fathers they will not giue credit to his words Therefore presently another succeeded who gaue them a Sword in token of a curse Hereupon followed warres amongst vs and from that time wee haue not ceassed to exercise crueltie one towards another through mutuall slaughters But now after we haue accustomed our selues to these outrages by continuall vse if we should now suddenly leaue our ancient custome wee should become a laughing stocke and derision to the neighbouring Nations Heere wee testified with great vehemencie and earnest speech that it was so farre off that they ought to be mooued with the scoffes of the borderers that contrarily if they seriously worshipped that Creator both of Heauen and Earth they should carrie away the victorie from all those who for that cause should willingly be trouble some vnto them Lastly the Lord gaue that efficacie to our words that not only many Barbarians afterwards promised to frame their liues according to that Law which they had learned of vs and that they would neuer eate the flesh of their slaine enemies any more but also according to this conference kneeling on the ground gaue thankes with vs vnto God That Prayer which was made vnto God by one of our men with a loude voice in the middest of their assembly was presently expounded vnto them by our Interpreter and so they brought vs to sleepe in those hanging beds of Bombasin Cotton But sleepe had not yet taken vs when behold wee heare these Barbarians singing and crying out together that they were to take vengeance on their Enemies and that more should be eaten then before Behold the inconstancie of this miserable people and the lamentable example of humane nature Yet surely I perswade my selfe if Villagagno had neuer reuolted from the true Religion and that wee had stayed longer in those Countries it would haue happened that at length some should haue beene wonne vnto Christ. Another time I being with three Sauages and singing the 104. Psalme at the request of one of them I declared the sense and antiquitie thereof so many thousand Moones Whereat he cried Teh how happie are you Mair who know so many secrets which are hid from vs poore miserable men Afterward one of them to gratifie mee presented mee with a certaine little beast which he carried called Agouti speaking vnto mee in these words Heere take you this because you haue sung sweetly I haue willingly added this digression to the intent I might declare that the Barbarous Americans although outragious against their enemies are not yet so rude that they cannot discerne those things which they heare with iudgement Nay I dare affirme that they are more apt in framing speeches then our Countrie Peasants are and very many of them also who esteeme highly of themselues §. III. Of their Marriages Education of Children Politie Hospitalitie Diseases Physicians Funerals and Lamentations IN Marriages these degrees of Consanguinitie only are obserued none of them taketh his Mother Sister or Daughter to wife no regard is had of the rest the Vncle marrieth the Neece and so consequently Neuerthelesse as shall bee hereafter spoken in the American Dialogue no man may marrie the Daughter or Sister of his Atourassap And he is called Atourassap whose familiaritie with any one is so great that both their goods are common There is no place for Rites or Ceremonies Hee who desireth a Widdow or Virgin being certainly perswaded of the good will of her
of Plate There were 2500. Spaniards 150. high and low Dutch vnto which I ioyned my selfe They set forth in September the same yeere and hauing had some trouble at Palma one of the Canaries about stealing of a Citizens Daughter by Gâ—â—rge Mendoza a Kinsman of the Commander Don Pedro de Mendoza arriued at the riuer Ienero They call these Indians Toâ—pin Here we abode fourteene daies and Petro Mendoza our Generall then gaue commandement to Iohn Osorius his sworne Brother to take charge of vs in his steed because hee being weake and consumed in his members was much troubled almost with continuall sicknesse and diseases But when a little after the gouernment receiued Iohn Osorius had beene falsly accused and by forgerie to Mendoza his sworne brother as though he had gone about seditiously to stirre the company against him the said Mendoza commanded other foure Captaines to wit Iohn Eyoldas Iohn Saleisen George Luchsam and Lazarus Saluascho that hauing stabbed him with a Dagger they should expose him as a Traitor in the middle of the Plaine to the view of all beholders And straightly commanded it publikely to be giuen in charge that no man vpon paine of death disquiet or trouble himselfe in the behalfe of Osorius for if he did he should be no more respected whosoeuer or of what condition soeuer he were But hee was altogether iniuried For hee was an honest man and a stout and couragious Warriour and courteous liberall and verie beneficiall to his fellow Souldiers 6. Departing hence with our ships and going to the Riuer of Plate we came into a pleasant Riuer which they call Parana Urassa It is farre from the mouth of the Riuer where the Sea leaues it and is fortie two leagues broad And from the Riuer Ianero to this Riuer are two hundred and fifteene leagues Heere wee came to a Hauen called Saint Gabriel and all our fourteene ships anchored in the Riuer Parana But because we were to abide in the greater shippes on the water a Musket shot from the Land our Generall Petro Mendoza gaue commandement to set the people and Souldiers aland in the lesser Skiffes or Boats which they call Potten then prepared for that purpose So by the grace and blessing of God in the yeere of Christ 1535. wee happily arriued at the Riuer of Plate and there we found a row of houses or an Indian Village wherein there were about 2000. men whom they call Zechuruas who eate no other thing saue fish and flesh And goe all naked but that the women couer their secrets with a thinne piece of Cotton-cloth which reacheth from the Nauell to the knees They therefore at our comming leauing the Towne fled away with their wiues and children Then our Generall Mendoza commanded the people to be shipped againe and conueied ouer to the other side of the Riuer Parana where the bredth of the Riuer extendeth it selfe no more then eight leagues 7. In this place wee built a Citie which for the wholsomenesse of the Aire wee called Bonos Aeres We brought with vs also out of Spaine seuentie two Horses and Mares in our fourteene ships We found also another Village in this Countrie which the Indians inhabit whom they call Carendies of whom there were about 3000. men together with their wiues and children These also as the Zechuruas are couered from the Nauell only vnto the knees who brought vs fish and flesh to eate These Carendies haue no Proper and setled dwellings but wander in the Gountrie hither and thither almost as our Cingari and Zigeunori When they take their iourney in the Summer they often times trauell thirtie leagues and more by Land and finde not a drop of water to drinke If they light vpon a Stagge or other wilde beast when they haue killed it they drinke the bloud thereof some times they find a Roote which they call Cardes and chewing that they quench thirst But that they drinke bloud this only is the cause for that they want other drinke and peraduenture without this they should die for thirst These Carendies for fourteene daies imparted liberally of their pouertie and daily brought fish and flesh vnto our Campe one day only excepted wherein they came not to vs at all Therefore our Generall Don Petro Mendoza sent our Corrigidor Ian. Baban and two Souldiers vnto them for these Carendies abode foure leagues distant from our Campe but they so intreated them when they came vnto them that they sent them home all three soundly cut and mangled with stripes But when our Generall Petro Mendoza vnderstood these things by report of the Iudge who for this cause raised a tumult in our Campe he sent his owne naturall Brother Don Diego Mendoza against them with three hundred Souldiers and thirtie readie light Horsemen among the which I also was one straightly charging him to kill and take all the said Indian Carendies and possesse their Towne But when we came vnto them there were now some 4000. men gathered together for they had sent for all their familiars and friends to helpe them 8. When we set vpon them they so resisted vs that they put vs to trouble enough that day for they slue our Captaine Don Diego Mendoza and sixe Gentlemen with him and of the horse and foote about some twentie But on their part there fell about 1000. men Therefore they fought couragiously and stoutly against vs which wee felt by experience The weapons of these Carendies are Bowes and a kinde of Dart like the staffe of a Speare of a middle length whose point they arme with a flint called a Marchasate with an edge in forme of the three edged T underbolt They haue also bowles of stone hanging at a long coard somewhat like our plummets of Lead These bowles they so cast about the feet of Horses or Stagges that they are constrained to fall After this manner they slue our Captaine and the Gentlemen with these bowles which I my selfe beheld but they slue the Footmen with their Darts yet by the grace of God to whom be praise we ouercame them in battaile and possessed their Towne But we could take none of these Indians their wiues and children also before we assailed them by warre had fled into another Village We found nothing in this Towne of theirs but Otter skins plentie of flesh and flowre and the trane of fish Abiding therefore three daies we remained in that place and after returned to our Campe leauing 100. men there who in the meane time should fish with the Indians Nets to maintaine our Souldiers more plentifully for the waters there are maruellous full of fish for three ounces only of flowre made of fine Wheate were distributed to euerie one for one daies victuall and euerie three daies one fish This fishing lasted two moneths and if any would eate fish otherwise he must seeke them on foot foure leagues off 9. When we returned to our Campe they that were fit for
beginning of the Straits Here our ship being well moored we began to supplie our wood and water that we had spent Which being a dayes worke and the winde during many dayes contrary I endeauored to keep my people occupied to diuert them from the imagination which some had conceiued that it behoued we should returne to Brasill and winter there and so shoot the Straits in the Spring of the yeere One day wee rowed vp the Riuer with our Boate and Light-horseman to discouer it and the Inland where hauing spent a good part of the day and finding shoald water and many Trees fallen thwart it and little fruit of our labour nor any thing worth the noting wee returned Another day wee trained our people ashoare being a goodly sandy Bay another wee had a hurling of Batchelors against married men this day we were busied in wrestling the other in shooting so we were neuer idle neither thought we the time long After wee had past here some seuen or eight dayes one euening with a flaw from the shoare our ship droue off into the channell and before wee could get vp our Anchor and set our Sayles we were driuen so farre to lee-wards that wee could not recouer into the Bay and night comming on with a short sayle we beate off and on till the morning At the breake of the day conferring with the Captaine and Master of my ship what was best to bee done wee resolued to seeke out Tobias Coue which lieth ouer against Cape Fryo on the Southerne part of the Straits because in all the Reaches of the Straits for the most part the winde bloweth trade and therefore little profit to be made by turning to winde-wards And from the Ilands of the Pengwins to the end of the Straites towards the South-sea there is no anchoring in the channell and if we should be put to lee-wards of this Coue we had no succour till we came to the Ilands of Pengwins and some of our companie which had been with M. Th. Candish in the Voyage in which he died and in the same Coue many weekes vndertooke to be our Pilots thither Whereupon wee bare vp being some two leagues thither hauing so much winde as we could scarce lie by it with our course and bonnet of each but bearing vp before the winde we put out our Topsayles and Spritsayle and within a little while the winde began to fayle vs and immediatly our ship gaue a mightie blowe vpon a Rocke and stucke fast vpon it And had wee had but the fourth part of the winde which we had in all the night past but a moment before wee strucke the Rocke our ship doubtlesse with the blowe had broken her selfe all to pieces All our labour was fruitlesse till God was pleased that the floud came and then wee had her off with great ioy and comfort when finding the current fauourable with vs wee stood ouer to English Bay and fetching it we anchored there hauing beene some three houres vpon the Rock and with the blowe as after we saw when our ship was brought a ground in Perico which is the Port of Panama a great part of her sheathing was beaten off on both sides of her Bulges and some foure foot long and a foot square of her false stemme ioyning to the Keele wrested acrosse like vnto a Hogs yoake which hindered her sayling very much They founded a Coue some sixteene leagues from the mouth of the Straite which after wee called Crabby Coue. It brooked his name well for two causes the one for that all the water was full of a small kinde of red Crabbes the other for the crabbed Mountaines which ouer-topped it a third wee might adde for the crabbed entertainment it gaue vs. In this Coue wee anchored but the winde freshing in and three or foure Hills ouer-topping like Sugar-loaues altered and straightned the passage of the wind in such manner as forced it downe with such violence in flawes and furious bluâ—trings as was like to ouerset our ship at Anchor and caused her to driue and vs to weigh but before we could weigh it she was so neere the Rocks and the puffes and gusts of wind so sudden and vncertain sometimes scant somtimes large that it forced vs to cut our Cable and yet dangerous if our ship did not cast the right way Here necessitie not being subiect to any law forced vs to put our selues into the hands of him that was able to deliuer vs. Wee cut our Cable and Sayle all in one instant And God to shew his power and gracious bountie towards vs was pleased that our ship cast the contrarie way towards the shoare seeming that hee with his owne hand did wend her about for in lesse then her length she flatted and in all the Voyage but at that instant shee flatted with difficultie for that shee was long the worst propertie shee had On either side we might see the Rockes vnder vs and were not halfe a ships length from the shoare and if shee had once touched it had beene impossible to haue escaped From hence wee returned to Blanches Bay and there anchored expecting Gods good will and pleasure Here beganne the bitternesse of the time to encrease with blustering and sharpe windes accompanied with raine and fleeting snowe and my people to bee dismayed againe in manifesting a desire to returne to Brasill which I would neuer consent vnto no not so much as to heare of And all men are to take care that they goe not one foote backe more then is of meere force for I haue not seene that any who haue yeelded thereunto but presently they haue returned home As in the Voyuge of Master Edward Fenton in that which the Earle of Cumberland set forth to his great charge as also in that of Master Thomas Candish in which he died All which pretended to shoote the Straites of Magelan and by perswasion of some ignorant persons being in good possibilitie were brought to consent to returne to Brasill to winter and after in the Spring to attempt the passing of the Straite againe None of them made any abode in Brasill for presently as soone as they looked homeward one with a little blustering winde taketh occasion to lose companie another complaineth that he wanteth victuals another that his ship is leake another that his masts sayles cordidge fayleth him So the willing neuer want probable reasons to further their pretences As I saw once being but young and more bold then experimented in the yeere 1582. in a Voyage vnder the clarge of my Uncle William Hawkins of Plimouth Esquire in the Indies at the Wester end of the Iland of San Iuan de Portorico One of the ships called the Barke bonner being somewhat leake the Captaine complayned that shee was not able to endure to England whereupon a Counsell was called and his reasons heard and allowed So it was concluded that the Victuall Munition and what was seruiceable
the Citie of Mexico by reason of their shipping although not in so great quantitie as they carry for Lisbone not for that they of Mexico either want shipping or abilitie but because the Spaniards would conquer it with the Sword as he hath done other Lands and not by the way of Traffique as the Portugall doth the principall Port from whence this Merchandize doth come is called Aguatorke in the Coast of China on the North side After the Conquest of this Kingdome of Mexico the order how the Spaniard did diuide this Land was this The principall Cities they refined to the King of Spaine and to the Generall of this Conquest who was renowmed Ferdinando Curtis they assigned vnto him a great Valley or as we call it a low Land betweene two Mountaines which was called Cornouake by which Valley he had the name of Marquesse of the Ualley where there were great Townes in which some affirme to be about 400000. fire houses whereby the rent was to him better worth then three hundred thousand Duckets by the yeere These Rents were confirmed to him and his for euer The other part of the Land that remayned was parted among the rest of the Captaines and Souldiers which were at this Conquest some had a hundred thousand Duckets by yeare and other fortie thousand Duckets and some fiftie thousand Duckets and hee that had least had ten thousand Duckets by the yeare so that now there are very few which haue this Rent for that they are most of them dead so that great part of the said Rents are fallen into the Kings hand wherefore there are many insurrections against the King which cost many a mans life And now to proceed farther along the Coast which is a Land full of great Mountains and very hot with much raine for which cause it is a very vnholsome Countrey where breedeth all noisome wormes and beasts therefore there are very few Indians dwelling there and no Spaniards so that the Countrey is almost desolate The first Land that is inhabited by the Spaniards along the Coast is called Veragua this is the most richest Land of Gold then all the rest of the Indies therefore it is inhabited with Spaniards In this place the people are alwayes sicke and it raineth continually and the Land yeeldeth no fruit so that all their sustenance commeth from other places all which necessities the Spaniards suffer with great patience for the couetousnesse of the Gold the which Gold they get out of the Riuers with the helpe of a number of Negroes I doe verily beleeue that if this Land were now the ancient Romanes or else the Egyptians they would surely make a channell from the end of this Riuer de Carinas which issueth from the Lake of Nicaragua to the South Sea for that there is no more but foure leagues betweene the Sea and the Riuer so that there they might Trade to the Moluccas and to the Coast of China so would it be sooner and easier done then the long and troublesome Voyages of the Portugals and sooner made then to goe through the Straits of Magellan which is almost vnpossible to passe thorow From this Land of Veragua vnto the Iland of Margereta the Coast along is called the firme Land not for that the other places are not of the firme Land but because it was the first firme Land that the Spaniards did conquer after they had past the Ilands This Land is very hot and hath much raine and for this cause is very vnhealthfull and the most vilest place of all the rest is called Nombre de Dios which is the first place inhabited after you haue passed Veragua There may be in Nombre de Dios about foure hundred houses and hath a very good Port for shipping The cause why the Spaniards inhabited here in this place was for that it should bee the way by Land to the South Sea and for the Trade of Peru that is from hence vnto the Citie of Panama eighteene leagues And Panama standeth on the Coast of the South Sea To this Towne of Nombre de Dios doth come all Spanish shipping and there discharge them then put they the goods into small Barkes that goe vp a Riuer to a house which is called The house of Crosses where the small Barkes doe discharge the goods againe And then they put it on Mules so to carrie it to Panama which is seuen leagues from This house of Crosses all which they doe with much labour and great charge because the Land hath great store of raine and full of Mountaines and very vnhealthfull therefore they often want victuals for the victuals they haue come from Peru and Noua Hispania This Towne of Nombre de dios since they haue had the traffike out of Spaine are growne maruellous rich and very well inhabited but in short time the people left the Towne sauing onely the Merchants because of the vnhealthfulnesse thereof The King of Spaine hearing of the affaires of Drake and Oxenham sent out of Spaine three hundred Souldiers which should make warre against those Negros that had aided the Englishmen which were slaues vnto the Spaniards but runne away from their Masters and ioyned with the Englishmen thinking that way to be reuenged of the Spaniards crueltie But when these three hundred Souldiers were arriued in the Countrie at their first comming they tooke many of the Negros and did on them great iustice according to their faults committed but afterwards the Souldiers were a long time before they could get one Negro Which newes being sent vnto the King by his Captaines as also how the Countrie was full of Mountaines and Riuers and very vnhealthfull insomuch that his Souldiers died he did write to his Captaines to make agreement with those Negros to the end the Countrie might bee in quiet And the Negros inhabited two places where the Spaniards willed them so was the Kings pardon proclaimed to all those Negros from the time that they fled from their Masters into the Mountaines vnto that present day on condition that all those Negros that did runne from their Masters that day forward they should be bound to bring them dead or aliue but if they brought them not that then they should pay for them and to make all quiet in the Mountaines and on these conditions all things were concluded and agreed vpon So the Negros dwell in great Townes where they haue Spaniards for their Teachers and a Spaniard for their Iudge and with this they hold themselues very well contented and are obedient vnto their Rulers The King of Spaine hearing that Englishmen as well as Frenchmen haue vsed that Coast hee caused two Gallies to be made and well appointed to keepe the Coast the first yeere that they were made they tooke sixe or seuen French shippes and after this was knowne there vsed few Englishmen or French men of warre to come on the Coast vntill this yeere 1586. that the
haue done their vttermost yet can they not bring that People wholly in subiection And although the Spaniards haue in this Prouince eleuen Townes and two Bishoprikes yet haue they little enough to maintayne themselues by reason of the Warres for they spend all the Gold that the Land yeeldeth in the maintenance of their Souldiers which would not bee so if they had peace for then they might worke in all their Mines Thus hauing spoken somwhat of the situation of Chili and of the troublesome conquest thereof I will returne to my former discourse where I left Baldiuia therefore being of 150. houses hath twice beene burnt and spoyled by the Indians so that now it is waxen poore but before the Indians sacked it it was very rich and it standeth vp a Riuer foure leagues from the Sea Passing from hence you come to the plaine Countrie of Arauco being situate ouer against the Iland La Mocha on which Iland the Indians that inhabite belong to the maine Land Hauing passed this Plaine of Arauco the next Towne of the Spaniards that you come vnto is La Concepcion which hath beene the greatest and the richest Towne in all Chili but by reason that the Indians haue burned the same foure times it is now growne very poore and hath small store of people it containeth about some two hundred houses And because it adioyneth vpon the Plaine of Arauco where these valiant Indians bee therefore this Towne is enuironed about with a strong wall and hath a Fort built hard by it and here are fiue hundred Souldiers continually in Garrison Betweene this place and Ualparizo the Indians call the Coast by the name of Mapocha Sant Iago it selfe standing fiue and twentie leagues vp into the Countrie is the principall Towne of all Chili and the seat of the Gouernour it consisteth of about eight hundred houses The Port of Valparizo whither the goods come from Lima by shipping hath about twentie houses standing by it The next Towne neere the Sea side beyond this is Coquimbo which standeth two leagues vp into the Land and containeth about two hundred houses Next vnto Coquimbo standeth a Port-towne called Copiapo inhabited altogether by Indians which serue the Spaniards and here a Gentleman which is Gouernour of the Towne hath an Ingenio for Sugar at this place endeth the whole Prouince of Chili Here also the Mountaines ioyning hard vpon the Sea are the cause why all the Land betweene Capiapo and Peru contayning one hundred and sixtie leagues lieth desolate The first Towne on the Coast of Peru called Atacama is inhabited by Indians which are slaues vnto the Spaniards But before I passe any further I will here also declare vnto you the first Discouerie of Peru with other matters there to belonging and then will I returne to the Sea-coast againe and to the end you may vnderstand me the better I will beginne with Panama After that the Spaniards had inhabited the North side of this mayne Land passing ouer the Mountains they discouered the South Sea where because they found Indian people with Gold and Pearles they built a Towne eighteene leagues to the West of Nombre de Dios hard vpon the Sea side and called it Panama From hence they discouered along the Coast of Nueua Espanna and for that Nueua Espanna was at the same time inhabited by Spaniards there beganne a trade from thence to Panama but from Panama by Sea to the Coast of Peru they could not trade in a long time because of the Southerly windes blowing on this Coast almost all the yeere long which are a hinderance to ships sayling that way and by Land the passage was impossible in regard of Mountaines and Riuers Yea it was fifteene yeeres before they passed the Iland of Pearles which is but twentie leagues from Panama There were at this time in Panama two men the one called Francisco Pizarro borne in the Citie of Truxillo in Spaine a valiant man but withall poore the other called Diego de Almagro was very rich These men got a companie vnto them and prouided two Carauels to discouer the Coast of Peru and hauing obtayned licence of the Gouernour of that place Francisco Pizarro set forth with the two foresaid Carauels and an hundred men and Diego de Almagro stayed in Panama to send him Victuals and other necessaries Now Francisco Pizarro sayling along the Coast met with contrary windes and raine which put him to great trouble and hee began also after a while to lacke victuals for hee was sayling of that in eight moneths which they now passe in fifteene dayes and not knowing the right course hee ranne into euery Riuer and Bay that hee saw along the Coast which was the chiefe cause that he stayed so long on his Voyage also thirtie of his companie died by reason of the vnhealthfulnesse of the coast At last he came to an Iland called by him Isla del Gallo being situate from the maine Land sixe leagues From hence he sent one of his ships to Panama for a new supplie of victuals and of men which ship being departed fortie of his men that remayned behinde made a mutinie and passed vp into the Countrie meaning to returne by Land to Panama but in the way they all perished for they were neuer heard of vntill this day So that Francisco Pizarro was left vpon the said Iland onely with thirteene men who although hee had his ship there in which he might haue returned yet would hee rather die then goe backe and his thirteene men also were of his opinion notwithstanding that they had no other victuals but such as they had from the maine Land in the night season Thus hee continued nine moneths before any succour was brought him from Panama but in the end his ship returned with fortie men onely and victuals whereupon hee prosecuted his Voyage till hee came to the first plaine Countrie of Peru called Tumbez where hee found a Fort made by the King of Peru against the Indians of the Mountaines Wherefore Pizarro and his men were very glad in that they had found a People of so good vnderstanding and discretion being rich also in Gold and Siluer and well apparelled At this Port of Tumbez hee tooke thirtie thousand Pezos of Gold in trucke of Merchandise and hauing two few men to proceed any further he carried two Indians with him to learne the Language and returned backe for Panama Vpon this Discouerie Francisco Pizarro thought it expedient to trauell into Spaine to craue of the King the Conquest of this Land Whither being come the King granted his request And with the money which he carried ouer with him he hired a great number of men with a Fleet of shippes and brought also along with him foure of his Brethren very valiant and hardy men And being come to Panama he straightway went on his Voyage for Peru being accompanied with his Partner Diego de Almagro They sayled first to the Iland called
other who had hid themselues in the caues and bowels of the earth fleeing the dint of the sword so raging and plaguing They haue slaine destroyed and sent to Hell by diuers and strange manners of cruelties and vngodlinesses more I suppose then foure or fiue millions of soules and yet at this present they ceasse not to doe the same by infinite outrages spoyles and slaughters which they haue committed and doe commit daily vnto this present They tooke the Lord Soueraigne of all the Prouince without all cause onely to bereaue him of his Gold giuing him also the torture which Lord vnbound himselfe and escaped from them into the Mountaines wherefore also the Subiects rose and were in a mutinie hiding themselues vpon the Mountaines amongst the hedges and bushes The Spaniards make after to chase them and hauing found them commit cruell massacres and as many as they take aliue they sell them in port sale for slaues In diuers Prouinces yea in all where they became before that they tooke the Soueraigne Lord the Indians went to receiue them with songs and dances and with presents of Gold in great quantitie The payment made them was to bee put to the edge of the sword and hewen in pieces One time as they went to receiue the Spanish in the fashion aboue said the Dutch Captaine tyrant caused to bee put in a thatched house a great number of people and hakled in pieces And being on high neere the top of the house certaine beames which diuers had got vpon auoyding the bloudy hands and swords of those people O mercilesse beasts the deuilish man sent to put to fire whereby as many as there were were burned aliue By this meanes the Countrie remayned very desart the people fleeing into the Mountaines where they hoped to saue themselues They came into another great Prouince in the confines of the Prouince and Realme of Saint Martha where they found the Indians peaceable in their Burroughs and in their houses doing their businesse they continued a long time with them eating their store and the Indians serued them as if they had to receiue of them their life and safeguard supporting their continuall oppressions and vsuall outragiousnesses which are intolerable besides that one Spanish glutton eateth more in one day then would suffice an whole houshold of more then ten Indians They gaue them at that time a great quantitie of Gold of their owne good-will ouer and besides other seruices innumerable which they did vnto them At the end as these tyrants would depart the place they aduised to pay them for their lodging in this manner The Almaine tyrant Gouernour commanded to take such Indians as they could with their wiues and children and that they should shut them vp within an inclosure letting them know that who so would come forth and be let goe free that he should redeeme himselfe at the pleasure of the vniust Gouernour in giuing so much Gold for himselfe so much for his wife and so much for euery poll of his children And yet to presse them the more he commanded to giue them nothing to eate vntill such time as they had performed the quantitie of Gold inflicted them for their ransome Many sent to their houses for Gold and bought out themselues as they were able and those same were deliuered and went abroad about their businesse to get their liuing The tyrant sent certaine Spanish thieues and robbers to goe take them againe the second time after they had beene redeemed They are carried to the perclose and there wrung with hunger and thirst to the end that they should yet once againe pay for their freedome And there were many amongst them which were taken and ransomed two or three sundry times Others which had not to giue for because they had all they had hee let them within the toyle die for hunger And in this manner hath beene destroyed a Prouince very rich of people and gold the which hath a Vale or Bourne of fourtie leagues where hath beene brent a Burrough of the receit of a thousand housholds This Tyrant resolued with himselfe to pierce farther into the Countrey with a great desire to discouer on that side that Hill of Peru. By occasion of which accursed Voyage both hee and others carried forth with them Indians infinite Ioden with two or three quintals weight and being enchained If any were weake and weary fainting for hunger or trauelling they cut incontinent his head off euen with the collar of the chaine that yoked them because they should not need to vnhamper the others that went with the same collars about their neckes and so tumbled the head on the one side and the body on the other And the lode of him that had so fayled was distributed and bestowed vpon others To tell of the Prouinces which hee hath layed desart and the Townes and places which hee hath brent for all the houses are thatched and to number the Nations which hee hath slaine and the cruelties and murders particular which hee had committed by the way it would bee a thing scarse credible howbeit very true and wonderfull In this same very course and steppes marched sithence the other tyrants who came from the said Venesuela and others of the Prouince of Saint Martha with the selfe same holy intention to discouer the same sacred golden Palace of Peru and found the whole Countrie in length more then two hundred leagues so burned dispeopled and spoyled hauing beene before most notably peopled and most fertile as hath beene said that themselues as very tyrants and sauage beasts as they were wondered and stood astonished to see the trackes of the destructions so lamentable wheresoeuer he had passed All these things haue beene giuen in euidence with the depositions of many witnesses by the Attorney of the Councell of the Indies and the euidences are kept amongst the Records of the same Councell and yet haue they neuer burnt aliue any of those execrable tyrants Those Prouinces of Venesuela with the others which they haue laid waste and dispeopled more then foure hundred leagues forthright as hath beene said is a region the most blissefull and the richest of Gold and was the best peopled of any in the world in such sort that they haue disturned from the Kings Coffers and occasioned the losse in this Realme of aboue two millions of rent within seuenteene yeeres sithence by past that these enemies of God and the King haue begunne to destroy it neither is there any hope that euer those losses will be repaired These seuenteene yeeres they haue sent by Sea a great number of ships Ioden and stuffed with Indians to make sale of them as slaues at Saint Martha at the Iles of Hispaniola and of Iamayca and at Saint Iohns Ile moe then one million and doe send daily as now this yeere 1542. the Court of the Audience Royall notwithstanding established for and at Hispaniola right well seeing all this and dissimuling to see it
yea fauouring and supporting all the matter as likewise they haue had their eyes blinded at all the other tyrannies and ransackings infinite which haue beene done in all this coast of the Firme land which are about foure hundred leagues the which haue beene and now are vnder their iurisdiction like vnto Venesuela and Saint Martha all which the said Court might very well haue empeached and remedied Of the Prouinces of the firme land or quarter that is called Florida INto these Prouinces went three tyrants at three diuers times since the yeere 1510. or 1511. there to put in vre the acts which others and two of them from among themselues haue committed in other quarters of the Indians to the end to aspire to high degrees in no respect conuenient to their persons higher then their merits in the Common-wealth could conceiue with the bloud and destruction of their neighbours and they are dead all three of an euill death and their houses likewise haue beene destroyed with them the which they had builded in times past with the bloud of mankind as I can be a sufficient witnesse of all three and their memory is now abolished from of the face of the earth as if they had neuer beene in this world The fourth tyrant that came last in the yeere 1538. cunningly aduised and being fully furnished it is three yeeres since there is no tidings concerning him Sure he is one of the notoriousest and best experimented amongst them that haue done the most hurts mischieues and destructions in my Realmes with their consorts wherefore I beleeue that God hath giuen him like end vnto the others Of the Riuer of La Plata that is to say Of Siluer SIthence the yeere one thousand fiue hundred and two or three and twenty certaine Captaines made three or foure Voyages vp the Riuer of Plata where there are great Prouinces and Realmes and Nations well ordered and endued with vnderstanding In generall wee vnderstood that they haue made there great butcheries and inuasions but like as this Countey is farre discoasted from the Indies most famous so we are not able to quote the notablest points in particular Of the mighty Realmes and large Prouinces of Peru. IN the yeere 1531. went another great tyrant with certaine other consorts to the Realmes of Peru where entring with the same title and intention and with the same proceedings as all the rest before gone forasmuch as he was one of them which had of long time beene exercised in all kindes of cruelties and murders which had beene wrought in the firme land â—ithence the yeere 1510. hee tooke encouragement to accrue in cruelties murders and robberies being a man without loyaltie and truth laying waste Cities and Countries bringing them to nought and vtterly vndoing them by slaying the Inhabitants and being the cause of all the euils which ensued in that Countrie He slue and laid waste at his first arriuall with a mischiefe certaine boroughes from whom he pillaged a great quantitie of Gold In an Iland neere to the same Prouinces named Pagna well peopled and pleasant the Lord thereof with his people receiued them as it had beene Angels from heauen and six moneths after when as the Spanish had eaten vp all their prouision They discouered also vnto them the corne which they kept vnder ground for themselues their wiues and their children against a dry time and barren making them offer of all with trees plentifull to spend and eate at their pleasure The recompence in the end which they made them was to put to the edge of the Sword and Lance a great quantitie of those people And those whom they could take aliue they made slâ—ues with other cruelties great and notable which they committed dispeopled as it were all that I le From thence they make to the Prouince of Tumbala which is in the firme land where they slay and destroy as many as they could come by And because all the people were fled as affrighted by their horrible acts they said that they made an insurrection and rebelled against the King of Spaine This tyrant had this policie and kept this order of proceeding that vnto all those whom he tooke or vnto others which presented him with Gold and Siluer or other things which they had he commanded them to bring more vntill such time as he perceiued that either they had no more or that they brought him no more And then he would say that he accepted them for the vassals and lieges of the King of Spaine and made much of them and would cause it to be proclaimed at sound of two Trumpets that from thenceforth they would take them no more and that they would doe them no manner harme at all setting it downe for good ando lawfull all whatsoeuer he had robbed from them A few dayes after the King and Emperour of those Realmes named Atabaliba came accompanied with a number of naked people bearing their ridiculous armour not knowing neither how Swords did carue nor Speares did pierce nor Horses did run nor who or what were the Spaniards Hee commeth to the place where they were saying Where are these Spaniards Let them come I will not stirre a foote till they satisfie me for my Subiects whom they haue slaine and my boroughs which they haue dispeopled and for my wealth which they haue bereaued me The Spaniards set against him and slew an infinite sort of his people they tooke him also in person who came carried in a Litter borne vpon mens shoulders They treate with him to the end that he should ransome himselfe The King offereth to performe foure millions of Castillans and performeth fifteene they promise to release him notwithstanding in the end keeping nor faith nor truth as they neuer kept any in the Iudies vnto the Indians they laid to his charge altogether vntruely that by his commandement the people assembled The King answered that in all the Countrie there moued not a leafe of a tree without his good will that if there assembled any people they were to beleeue that it was by his commandement and as touching himselfe that he was prisoner and they might slay him All this notwithstanding they condemned him to be burnt aliue but at the request of some certaine the Captaine caused him to be strangled and being strangled hee was burned This King vnderstanding his sentence said Wherefore will you burne me What trespasse haue I done yee Did not you promise me to set me at libertie if I gaue you the Gold And haue I not performed more then I promised Seeing you needes will haue it so send me to your King of Spaine speaking other things to the great confusion and detestation of the great wrongfulnesse that the Spaniards vsed whom in the end they burned Here let be considered the right and title of this warfare the imprisonment of this Prince the sentence and the execution of his death and the conscience whereby they possesse great treasures as
hee determined to depart from Quito and to goe seeke the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia leauing thereto moe then two hundred of Footmen and Horsemen amongst whom were a great many Inhabitants of the Citie of Quito Unto those Inhabitants the Captaine gaue licence to carrie with them the Cacikes that were escheated them in sharing with as many Indians as they would That which they did and Alfonso Sanches Nuita carried forth with him his Cacike with moe then an hundred Indians besides and in like manner Peter Cibo and his Cousin and they led out more then an hundred and fifty with their wiues and sundry also sped out their children because that in a manner euery one died for hunger Also Moran Inhabitant of Popayan carried out moe then two hundred persons And the like did all the rest Citizens and Souldiers euery one after his abilitie the Souldiers crauing that they might haue licence giuen them to captiue those Indians men and women which they carried forth the which was granted them vntill the death of the said captiues and those deceased to take as many more When they departed out of the Prouince of Quito they carried out moe then sixe thousand Indians men and women and of all those there neuer returned home into their Countrie twenty persons For they died all through the great and excessiue trauell which they made them indure in those broyling Countries contrary to their nature It happened at that time that one Altonso Sanches whom the said Captaine sent for Chieftaine ouer a certaine number of men into a Prouince there met with a good company of women and young boyes laden with victuals who stayed waiting for them without mouing from the place to giue them of that which they had and hauing so done the Captaine commanded that they should be put to the sharpe of the sword It came to passe also that at the time that the said Captaine came into the Prouince of Lili to a Towne called Palo neere vnto the great Riuer where hee found the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia which was gone before to discouer and pacifie the Countrie the said Ampudia kept a Citie by him prouided of a Garrison in the name of his Maiestie and of the Marques Francis of Pizarro and had set ouer them for Gouernours ordinary one Petre Solano of Quennoues and eight Counsellours and all the rest of the Countrie was in peace and shared out amongst them And as hee knew that the said Captaine was in the said Riuer hee came to see him with a great number of the Inhabitants of the Countrie and peacefull Indians laden with victuals and fruits Shortly after also all the neighbour Indians came to see him bringing him food There were the Indians of Xamundi and of Palo and of Soliman and of Bolo Now because that they brought no Mahis which he would haue he sent a great number of Spaniards with their Indians to goe search for Mahis commanding them to bring some where soeuer they found any So went they to Bolo and to Palo and found the Indians men and women in their houses in peace and the said Spaniards with those that were with them tooke them and robbed their Mahis their Gold and Couerings and all that they had and bound many Wherefore they seeing that the Captaine kept no Faith with them all the Countrie arose and reuolted from the Spanish whereof ensued great damage and God and the Kings Maiestie offended and by this meanes the Countrey remayned dispeopled for that the Olomas and the Manipos their enemies which are Mountaine people and warlike descended daily to take and robbe them when they perceiued the Citie and places of their abode left destitute And amongst them hee who was the stronger did eate vp his fellow for all died for famine This done the Captaine came to the Citie of Ampudia where he was receiued for Generall From this place they goe to a Citie called Tukilicui from whence the Cacike of the place yeelded forth incontinent in peace a number of Indians going before him The Captaine demanded Gold of him and of his Indians The Cacike told him that hee had but a small deale and that which he had should be giuen him and immediatly all beganne to giue him all that they had Whereupon the said Captaine gaue vnto euery of them a ticket with the name of the said Indian for a testimoniall that he had giuen him Gold affirming that hee which should haue neuer a ticket should be cast to the Dogges to bee deuoured because he gaue him no Gold Whereupon the Indians for feare that they were put in gaue him all the Gold that they were able and those which had none fled into the Mountaines and other Townes for feare to bee slaine By reason whereof perished a great number of the natiue Inhabitants of the Countrie And shortly after the said Captaine commanded the Cacike to send two Indians to another Citie named Dagna to will them that they should come in peace and bring him Gold in abundance And comming to another Citie hee sent that night many Spaniards to take the Indians and namely of Tulilicui So as they brought the next morrow aboue an hundred persons and all those which could beare burdens they tooke them for themselues and for their Souldiers and put them to the chaine whereof they died all And the said Captaine gaue the little children vnto the said Cacike Tulilicui that hee should eate them and in truth the skinnes of those children are kept in the house of the said Cacike Tulilicui full of ashes and so departed hee from thence without an Interpreter and went towards the Prouinces of Castile where hee ioyned himselfe vnto the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia who had sent him to discouer another way doing both of them great outrages and much mischiefe vnto the Inhabitants of the Countrie where they became And the said Iohn de Ampudia came to a Citie the Cacike and Lord whereof called Bitacur had caused to make certaine Duches to defend himselfe and there fell into the same two Horses the one of Antonie Rodondos the other of Marc Marqueâ—â—s That of Marcos Marquis died the other not For which cause the said Ampudia commanded to take all the Indians men and women that might be and thereupon tooke and layed together more then an hundred persons whom they cast aliue into those Ditches and slue them and brent withall more then an hundred houses in the said Citie And in that manner met in a great Citie where without summoning the Indians being at peace and without any spokesman to goe betweene them they slue with their Speares a great number of them making on them mortall warre And as it is said soone after they were met the said Ampudia told the Captaine what he had done in Bitaco and how he cast so many into the Ditches and the said Captaine answered that it was well done and that he for his part had done as much
Garonne Gironde Belle Grande and after that Belle a Voire and Port Royal. In this last they anchored the Riuer at the mouth is three French leagues broad hee sayled vp many leagues and erected another like Pillar of stone Ribalt hauing built a Fort and furnished it with prouisions called it Charles Fort and left a Golonie there vnder Captaine Albert. These found great kindnesse with their Indian Neighbours till dissention happened amongst themselues the Captaine for a small fault hanging a Souldier and exercising seueritie ouer the rest which thereupon in a mutinie slue him and hauing chosen a new Captaine they built a Pinnasse and furnished it as well as they could to returne for France but surprized in the way with calmes and expence of their prouision they first did eare their shooes and Buffe Ierkins and yet continuing famished they killed one of their fellowes called La Chere and made cheere of him and after met with an English Barke which releeued them and setting some on Land brought the rest to Queene Elizabeth The cause of their not releeuing according to promise was the Ciuill warres which beeing compounded the Admirall procured the King to send three ships to Florida vnder the command of the Author Rene Landonniere which see saile in Aprill 1564. He went on shoare at Dommica in which Iland his men killed two Serpents nine foote long and as bigge as 〈◊〉 legge The two and twentieth of Iune they landed in Florida ten leagues aboue Capo Francois and after in the Riuer of May where the Indians very ioyfully welcommed them and the stone Piller 〈…〉 rected by Ribalt was crowned with bayes and baskets of Mill or Moiz set at the foot and they kissed the same with great reuerence One of Parâ—coussy or the King his Sonnes presented 〈◊〉 Captain with a wedge of siluer With another Parcâ—ussy they saw one old Father blind with age but liuing and of his lomes sixe generations descended all present so that the Sonne of the eldest was supposed two hundred and fiftie yeeres old They planted themselues on this Riuer of May and there built a Fort which they called Carolina of their King Charles Landonniere sent Outigni his Lieutenant to search out the people called Thimogoa whence that siluer wedge had comne and there heard of a great King Olata Ouae Utina to whom fortie Kings were vassals Saturioua was said to haue thirtie and to be enemie to Vtina A fearefull lightning happened which burned fiue hundred acres of ground and all the fowles after which followed such a heat that as many fish were dead therewith at the mouth of the Riuer as would haue laden fiftie Carts and of their putrifaction grieuous diseases The Sauages had thought the French had done it with their Ordnance He got some prisoners of Vtinas subiects which Saturioua had taken and sent them to him some of his men assisting Vtina in his warres against Potanou one of his enemies and returning with some quantitie of Siluer and Gold Whiles things continued in good termes with the Sauages Mutinies and Conspiracies fell out amongst the French some conspiring to kill the Captaine others running away with the Barks one of which robbed by Sea and after was driuen by famine to seeke to the Spaniards at Hauana and when two other Barkes were a building a third Conspiracie seized on the Captaine detained him Prisoner and forced him to subscribe their passe with these two Barkes Away they went and the next diuision was amongst themselues one Barke departing from the others One of them after diuers Piracies came backe and the chiefe mutinies were executed Francis Iean one of the other Barke was he which after brought the Spaniards thither to destroy them The Indians vse to keepe in the Woods Ianuarie Februarie and March and liue on what they take in hunting so that the French neither receiuing their expected reliefe from France nor from the Sauages which had no Corne hauing before sold them what they had suffered grieuous famine they resolued to build a vessell able to carrie them into France the Sauages making aduantages of their necessities according to the wonted perfidiousnesse of those wilde people whereupon they tooke King Vtina Prisoner with his Sonne to get food for his ransome The famine was so sharpe that it made the bones to grow thorow the skinne and when the Maiz by the end of May came to some ripenesse food it selfe ouercame their weake stomacks Some reliefe they had by Sir Iohn Hawkins who came thither with foure ships guided by a man of Deepe which had been there in Ribalts Voyage who also offered to transport him and set them all on land in France This he refused but made good aduantage hereof with the Sauages telling them that this was his brother which brought him great reliefe and plentie whereupon all sought his friendship His men at last generally fearing to continue in that misery wanting both apparell and victuall and meanes to returne so wrought with him that not daring to giue the Siluer and such things as he had gotten in the Countrie which might bring an English Plantation into those parts he bought a ship of Sir Iohn Hawkins who partly sold and partly gaue them prouisions also of apparell and victuall for their returne and as Laudonniere acknowledgeth like a charitable man saued their liues Whiles thus they were preparing to set saile Captaine Ribalt came into the Riuer with seuen saile foure greater and three lesse whom the Admirall had sent hearing that Laudonniere lorded and domineered in tyrannicall and insolent manner and was solemnely welcommed in the end of August 1565. A while after when as the Indians had filled Captaine Ribalt with golden hopes of the Mynes at Apalatci some proofes whereof were found to be perfect gold sixe great ships of Spaniards came into the Riuer on the fourth of September and made faire shew to the French which trusted them neuer the more but let slip their Anchors and fled being no way matchable but in swiftnesse of saile whereby they escaped the pursuite of the Spaniards and obserued their course sending word thereof to Captaine Ribalt The High Admirall Chastillon also had in his last Letters written to Ribalt that he had intelligence out of Spaine of Don Pedro Melendes his Expedition to Florida iust before his comming from France Captaine Ribalt embarkes himselfe the eight of September pretending to goe seeke the Spaniards which soone after came to seeke the French at their Fort guided by Francis Iean before a Mutiner now also a Traytour who shewed the Captaine to the Spaniards Notwithstanding their assault Laudonniere made an escape with some others ouer the Marishes into the ships and so returned first into England and after into France Captaine Ribalt was surprized with a Tempest which wracked him vpon the Coast and all his ships were castaway himselfe hardly escaping drowning but not escaping the
to bee found They are also called the Flemish Ilands that is of the Netherlanders because the first that inhabited the same were Netherlanders whereof till this time there is a great number and off-spring remayning that in manner and behauiour are altogether like Netherlanders and there is yet in the same Iland a running water that issueth out of a Hill and so runneth into the Sea whereas yet those issues or off-springs of Netherlanders inhabite and is called Aribâ—ra dos Framengos that is the Flemish Riuer The principall Iland of them all is that of Tercera called Insula de Iesus Christus of Tercera It is betweene fifteene or sixteene miles in compasse and is altogether a great Cliffe of Land whereby in it there is little roome for it is as it were walled round about with Cliffes but where any strand or sand is there standeth a Fort. It hath no Hauens nor entrance of waters for the securitie and safety of the shippes but onely before the chiefe Towne called Angra where it hath an open Hauen which in forme is like a Halfe-moone by the Portugals called Angra whereof the Towne hath her name It hath on the one side in manner of an elbow sticking forth two high Hills called Bresyl which stretch into the Sea so that afarre off they seeme to bee diuided from the Iland Those Hills are very high so that being vpon them a man may see at the least tenne or twelue and sometimes fifteene miles into the Sea being cleare weather Vpon these Hills there stand two small stone Pillers where there is a Centinell placed that continually watcheth to see what shippes are at Sea and so to aduertise those of the Iland for that as many shippes as he seeth comming out of the West that is from the Spanish Indies or Brasilia Cabo verde Guinea and the Portugall Indies and all other wayes lying South or West for euery shippe hee setteth a Flagge vpon the Pillar in the West and when the shippes which hee descrieth are more than fiue then hee setteth vp a great ancient betokening a whole Fleete of shippes The like hee doth vpon the other Pillar which standeth in the East for such shippes as come from Portugall or other places out of the East or North parts these Pillars may bee easily seene in all places of the Towne by reason of the highnesse of the Hills so that there is not one shippe or sayle that is at Sea or maketh towards the Iland but it is presently knowne throughout all the Towne and ouer all the whole Iland for the watch is not holden onely vpon those two Hills jutting into the Sea but also vpon all corners Hills and Cliffes throughout the Iland and as soone as they perceiue any shippes the Gouernour and Rulers are presently aduertised thereof that they may take such order therein as neede requireth Vpon the furthest corner into the Sea standeth a Fort right against another Fort that answereth it so that those two Forts doe shut and defend the Mouth or open Hauen of the Towne where the shippes lie in the Road and so no shippe can either goe in or come forth without the licence or permission of those two Forts This Towne of Angra is not onely the chiefe Towne of Tercera but also of all other Townes within the Ilands thereabouts There in is resident the Bishop the Gouernour for the King and the chiefe place of Iudgement or tribunall Seate of all the Ilands of Açores Three miles from this Towne lieth another Towne towards the North called Villa de Praya for Praya is as much to say as Strand because it lieth hard by a great strand and for that cause there is little traffique thither as not hauing any conuenient place for shippes to come at it yet sometimes there commeth some one that by reason of contrary winde cannot get before the Towne of Angra and so by constraint discharge their goods in that Towne which from thence are carried by Land to Angra and yet some part thereof is spent and vsed there It is walled and well housed but not many people in it and such as are in it doe get their liuings most by husbandry for there are very faire Corne lands The Iland is likewise very fruitfull and pleasant it hath much Corne and Wine but the Wine is not very good to carry into other Countries thereabouts because it is small and will not long continue so that it is vsed in the Countrey by the common people but such as are of wealth for the most part drinke Wines of Madera and Canaria It aboundeth in Flesh Fish and all other necessaries and meates for mans bodie wherewith in time of need they might helpe themselues Oyle there is none but it commeth out of Portugall Also Salt Pots Pans and all kind of earthen Vessells Chalke and such like are brought thither out of other places for there they are not to bee found for fruits they haue besides Peaches of diuers kindes and in so great abundance that is is strange Cherries Plums Walnuts Hasle-nuts Chesnuts but those not very good of Apples Peares Oranges and Lemons with all such like fruits there are sufficient Of all sorts of Hearbes and Plants as Coleworts Radishes and such like they haue at their certaine times of the yeere They haue likewise in that Iland a certaine fruit that groweth vnder the earth like Radishes or other roots but the Leaues or Plants are Trees like Vines but different leaues and groweth longwise vpon the ground it beareth a fruit called Batatas that is very good and is so great that it weigheth a pound some more some lesse but little esteemed and yet it is a great sustenance and food for the common sort of people It is of good account in Portugall for thither they vse to bring it for a Present and those of the Iland by reason of the great abundance doe little esteeme it There is also another kind of stuffe that is sowed like Corne and is a fruit it groweth vpon the root of the grasse or leaues and is round and as bigge as a great Pease but not so round in eating it tasteth like Earth-nuts but harder to bite it is likewise a good meate and much esteemed in other places but by reason of the great quantitie thereof it is most vsed to fatten their Hogges and is called Iunssa There is also in the Iland a certaine Plant which is found in all places thereof in the open fieldes it groweth as high as a man and beareth no fruit onely the roote thereof is a substance of the thicknesse of a mans two fists and in shew as if it were naturall golden haire and in handling like soft Silke which is vsed there to stuffe and fill their Beddes in stead of Wooll and Feathers and I doe certainly beleeue if any man of vnderstanding would take it in hand it would well be wouen The principallest traffique of this
in the Sea but because she got vnder the Fortresse which also began to shoot at the Englishmen they were forced to leaue her and to put further into the Sea hauing slaine fiue or sixe of the Spaniards The Englishmen that were taken in the small ship were put vnder hatches and coupled in bolts and after they had beene Prisoners three or foure dayes there was a Spanish Ensigne-bearer in the ship that had a brother â—â—â—ine in the â—â—eet that came for England who as then minding to reuenge his death and withall to shew his man-hood to the English Captiues that were in the English shippe which they had taken as is aforesaid tooke a Ponyard in his hand and went downe vnder the Hatches where finding the poore Englishmen sitting in bolts with the same Ponyard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart which two others of them perceiuing clasped each other about the middle because they would not bee murthered by him threw themselues into the Sea and there were drowned This act was of all the Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken so that they carried the Spaniard prisoner vnto Lisbone where being arriued the King of Spaine willed he should be sent into England that the Queene of England might vse him as she thought good which sentence his friends by intreatie got to bee reuersed notwithstanding he commanded he should without all fauour bee beheaded but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going to Masse all the Captaines and Commanders made so great intreatie for him that in the end they got his pardon This I thought good to note that men might vnderstand the bloudie and honest mindes of the Spaniards when they haue men vnder their subiection The same two English ships which followed the Spanish Admirall till hee had got vnder the Fort of Tercera as I said before put into the Sea where they met with an other Spanish ship being of the same fleete that had likewise beene scattered by the storme and was only missing for the rest lay in the Road this small ship the Englishmen tooke and sent all the men on shore not hurting any of them but if they had knowne what had beene done vnto the foresaid English Captiues I beleeue they would soone haue reuenged themselues as afterward many an innocent soule payed for it This ship thus taken by the Englishmen was the same that was kept and confiscated in the Iland of Tercera by the Englishmen that got out of the Iland in a fisher-boat as I said before and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then came from the Indies wherewith they sailed to Saint Lucas where it was also arrested by the Duke and appoined to goe in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera because it was a shippe that sayled well but among the Spaniards fleete it was the meanest of the Company By this meanes it was taken from the Spaniards and carried into England and the Owners had it againe when they least thought of it The nineteenth of March the aforesaid ships being nineteene in number set saile hauing laden the Kings siluer and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones with his company and good prouision of necessaries Munition and Souldiers that were fully resolued as they made shew to fight valiantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches and although they set their course for Saint Lucas the wind draue them vnto Lisbone which as it seemed was willing by his force to helpe them and to bring them thither in safetie although Aluaro de Flores both against the wind and weather would perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucas but being constrained by the wind and importunitie of the Sailers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him he was content to saile to Lisbone from whence the siluer was by Land carried into Siuilia At Cape Saint Vincent there lay a Fleet of twentie English shippes to watch for the Armada so that if they had put into Saint Lucas they had fallen right into their hands which if the wind had serued they had done And therefore they may say that the wind had lent them a happie Voyage for if the Englishmen had met with them they had surely beene in great danger and possibly but few of them had escaped by reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed because Fortune or rather God was wholly against them Which is a sufficient cause to make the Spaniards out of heart to the contrarie to giue the Englishmen more courage and to make them bolder for that they are victorious stout and valiant and seeing all their enterprizes doe take so good effect that thereby they are become Lords and Masters of the Sea and need care for no man as it well appeareth by this briefe Discourse In the month of March 1590. There was a Blasing Starre with a taile seene in Tercera that continued foure nights together stretching the tayle towards the South In the moneth of May a Caruell of Fayael arriued at Tercera in the Hauen or Road of Angra laden with Oxen Sheepe Hennes and all other kinds of victuals and full of people which by a storme had broken her Ruther whereby the Sea cast her about and therewith she sunke and in her were drowned three children and a Frier Franciscan the rest of the men saued themselues by swimming and by helpe from the shore but all the Cattle and Hennes came drowned to land the Frier was buried with a great Procession and Solemnitie esteeming him for a Saint because he was taken vp dead with his Booke betweene his armes for the which cause euery man came to looke on him as a Miracle giuing great Offerings to say Masses for his soule The first of August the Gouernor of Tercera receiued aduise out of Portugall and Spaine that two yeeres before the date of his Letters there were sayled out of England twelue great shippes well appointed with full resolution to take their iournie seuen of them into the Portugall Indies and the other fiue to Malacca of the which fiue two were cast away in passing the Straits of Magellanes and three sayled to Malacca but what they had done there was as then not knowne The other seuen passed the Cape de bona Speranza and arriued in India where they put into the Coast of Malabares but let them goe againe and two Turkish Gallies that came out of the Straits of Mecca or the Red Sea to whom likewise they did no hurt And there they laded their ships wis Spices and returned backe againe on their way but where or in what place they had laden it was not certainely knowne sauing onely that thus much was written by the Gouernour of India and sent ouer Land to Uenice and from thence to Madrill The seuenth of August a Nauie of English ships was seene before Tercera beeing twentie in number and fiue of them the Queenes ships their Generall was one Martin Frobisher as wee after had
called Mathias de Alburkerke sailed had only gotten to India as afterward newes thereof was brought ouer Land hauing beene at the least eleuen monethes at Sea and neuer saw Land and came in great misery to Malacca In this ship there died by the way two hundred and eightie men according to a note by himselfe made and sent to the Cardinall at Lisbon with the names and surnames of euery man together with a description of his Voyage and the misery they had indured which was only done because he would not lose the gouernment of India and for that cause he had sworne either to lose his life or to arriue in India as indeed he did afterwards but to the great danger losse and hinderance of his company that were forced to buy it with their liues and onely for want of prouision as it may well bee thought for he knew full well that if he had returned backe againe into Portingall as the other ships did hee should haue beene casheered from his Indian Regiment because the people began alreadie to murmurre at him for his proude and loftie minde And among other things that shewed his pride the more behind aboue the Gallery of his ship he caused Fortune to be painted and his owne Picture with a staffe standing by her as it were threatning Fortune with this Poesie Quero que vencas that is I will haue thee to ouercome which beeing read by the Cardinall and other Gentlemen that to honour him aboord his ship it was thought to be a point of exceeding folly But it is no strange matter among the Portingalls for they aboue all others must of force Let the Foole peepe out of their sleeues specially when they are in authoritie for that I knew the said Mathias de Alberkerk in India being a Souldier and a Captaine where he was esteemed and accounted for one of the best of them and much honoured and beloued of all men as behauing himselfe courteously to euery man whereby they all desired that he might be Vice-roy But when he once had receiued his Patent with full power and authoritie from the King to be Vice-roy hee changed so much from his former behauiour that by reason of his pride they all began to feare and curse him and that before he departed out of Lisbon as it is often seene in many men that are aduanced vnto state and dignitie The twentieth of Ianuary Anno 1591. there was newes brought out of Portingall into Tercera that the Englishmen had taken a ship that the King had sent into the Portingall Indies with aduise to the Vice-roy for the returning againe of the foure ships that should haue gone to India and because the ships were come backe againe that ship was stuffed and laded as full of goods as possible it might be hauing likewise in ready money fiue hundred thousand Duckets in Rials of eight besides other wares It departed from Lisbone in the moneth of Nouember 1590. and met with the Englishmen with whom for a time it fought but in the end it was taken and carried into England with men and all yet when they came there the men were set at libertie and returned into Lishone where the Captaine was committed Prisoner but hee excused himselfe and was released with whom I spake my selfe and he made this report vnto me At the same time also they tooke a ship that came from the Myne laden with Gold and two ships laden with Pepper and Spices that were to saile into Italie the Pepper onely that was in them being worth 170000. Duckets all these ships were carried into England and made good prize In the moneth of Iuly An. 1591. there happened an Earth-quake in the Iland of S. Michaell which continued from the six and twentieth of Iuly to the twelfth of August in which time no man durst stay within his house but fled into the fields fasting and praying with great sorrow for that many of their houses fell downe and a Towne called Villa Franca was almost cleane razed to the ground all the Cloysters and houses shaken to the earth and therein some people slaine The Land in some places rose vp and the Cliffes remooued from on place to another and some Hils were defaced and made euen with the ground The Earthquake was so strong that the ships which lay in the Road and on the Sea shaked as if the World would haâ—e turned round there sprang also a Fountaine out of the earth from whence for the space of foure dayes there flowed a most cleare water and after that it ceased At the same time they heard such thunder and noise vnder the earth as if all the Diuels in hell had beene assembled together in that place wherewith many died for feare The Iland of Tercera shooke foure times together so that it seemed to turne about but there happened no misfortune vnto it Earthquakes are common in those Ilands for about twenty yeares past there happened another earthquake where in a high Hill that lyeth by the same towne of Villa Franca fell halfe downe and couered all the towne with earth and killed many men The fiue and twentieth of August the Kings Armada comming out of Farol arriued in Tercera being in all thirty Ships Biskates Portugals and Spaniards and ten Dutch flye-boates that were arested in Lisbone to serue the King besides other small Ships Pataxos that came to serue as messengers from place to place and to discouer the Seas This Nauie came to stay for and conuoy the Sâ—â—ps that should come from the Spanish Indies and the flye-boates were appointed in their returne home to take in the goods that were saued in the lost Ship that came from Malacca and to conuoy it to Lisbone The thirteenth of September the said Armado arriued at the Iland of Coruo where the Englishmen with about sixteene Ships as then lay staying for the Spanish Fleete whereof some or the most part were come and there the English were in good hope to haue taken them But when they perceiued the Kings Army to be strong the Admirall being the Lord Thomas Howard commanded his Fleete not to fall vpon them nor any of them once to seperate their Shippes from him vnlesse he gaue commission so to doe notwithstanding the Vice-Admirall Sir Richard Greenfield being in the Ship called the Reuenge went into the Spanish Fleete and shot among them doing them great hurt and thinking the rest of the company would haue followed which they did not but left him there and sailed away the cause why they could not know which the Spaniards perceiuing with seuen or eight Ships they boorded her but she withstood them all fighting with them at the least twelue houres together and sunke two of them one being a new double Flie-boate of twelue thousand tunnes and Admirall of the Flie-boates the other a Biscaine But in the end by reason of the number that came vpon her she was taken but to their great losse
say they haue conference with him and fashion themselues as neere to his shape as they can imagine In their Temples they haue his image euilfauouredly carued and then painted and adorned with Chaines Copper and Beads and couered with a skin in such manner as the deformitie may well suite with such a God By him is commonly the sepulcher of their Kings Their bodies are first bowelled then dried vpon hurdles till they be very dry and so about the most of their ioints and necke they hang Bracelets or Chaines of Copper Pearle and such like as they vse to weare their inwards they stuffe with Copper Beads and couered with a Skin Hatchets and such trash Then lap they them very carefully in white Skins and so rowle them in mats for their winding-sheetes And in the Tombe which is an arch made of Mats they lay them orderly What remaineth of this kinde of wealth their Kings haue they set at their feete in baskets These Temples and bodies are kept by their Priests For their ordinary burials they dig a deepe hole in the earth with sharpe stakes and the corpes being lapped in Skins and Mats with their Iewels they lay them vpon sticks in the ground and so couer them with earth The buriall ended the women being painted all their faces with black cole and oyle doe sit foure and twenty houres in the houses mourning and lamenting by turnes with such yelling and howling as may expresse their great passions In euery Territory of a Werowance is a Temple and a Priest two or three or more Their principall Temple or place of superstition is at Vitamussack at Pamavuke neere vnto which is a house temple or place of Powhatans Vpon the top of certain red sandy hils in the woods there are three great houses filled with images of their Kings and Diuels Tombes of their Predecessors Those houses are neere sixty foot in length built arbot-wise after their building This place they count so holy as that none but the Priests and Kings dare come into them nor the Sauages dare not goe vp the Riuer in Boates by it but that they solemnly cast some peece of Popper white Beads or Pocones into the Riuer for feare their Oke should be offended and reuenged of them In this place commonly are resident seuen Priests The chiefe differed from the rest in his ornaments but inferior Priests could hardly be knowne from the common people but that they had not so many holes in their eares to hang their Iewels at The ornament of the chiefe Priest were certaine attires for his head made thus They tooke a dosen or sixteene or more Snake skins and stuffed them with mosse of Weesels and other vermine skins a good many All these they tye by their tailes so as all their tailes meete in the top of their head like a great Tassell Round about this Tassell is as it were a cown of feathers the skins hang round about his head necke and shoulders and in a manner couer his face The faces of all their Priests are painted as vgly as they can deuise in their hands they had euery one his Rattell some base some smaller Their deuotion was most in Songs which the chiefe Priest beginneth and the rest followed him sometimes he maketh inuocations with broken sentences by starts and strange passions and at euery pause the rest giue a short groane It could not be perceiued that they keepe any day as more holy then other but onely in some great distresse of want feare of enemies times of triumph and gathering together their fruits the whole Country of men women and children come together to solemnities The manner of their deuotion is sometimes to make a great fire in the house or fields and all to sing and dance about it with Rattles and shouts together foure or fiue houres Sometime they set a man in the midst and about him they dance and sing he all the while clapping his hands if he would keepe time and after their songs and dancings ended they goe to their Feasts They haue also diuers coniurations one they made when Captaine Smith was their prisoner as they reported to know if any more of his Country-men would arriue there and what hee there intended The manner of it followeth in his story They haue also certaine Altar stones they call Pawcorances but these stand from their Temples some by there houses others in the Woods and Wildernesses Where they haue had any extraordinary accident or incounter As you trauell by them they will tell you the cause of their erection wherein they instruct their children so that they are in stead of Records and memorialls of their Antiquities Vpon this they offer bloud Deare suet and Tobacco These they doe when they returne from the warres from hunting and vpon many other occasions They haue also another superstition that they vse in stormes when the waters are rough in the Riuers and Sea Coasts Their Coniurers runne to the water sides or passing in their Boats after many hellish outcries and inuocations they cast Tobacco Copper Pocones or such trash into the water to pacifie that God whom they thinke to be very angry in those stormes Before their dinners and suppers the better sort will take the first bit and cast it in the fire which is all the grace they are knowne to vse Euery Nation in seuen or ten yeeres vseth a kind of solemnity Such a one was at Quiyoughcohanock some ten miles from Iames Towne and thus performed Fifteene of the properest young Boyes betweene ten and fifteene yeeres of age they painted white Hauing brought them forth the people spent the forenoone in dancing and singing about them with Rattles In the afternoone they put those children to the root of the tree By them all the men stood in a gard euery one hauing a Bastinado in his hand made of Reeds bound together This made a lane betweene them all along through which there were appointed fiue young men to fetch these children so euerie one of the fiue went through the guard to fetch a child each after other by turnes the guard fearlesly beating them with the Bastinadoes and they patiently enduring and receiuing all defending the children with their naked bodies from the vnmercifull blowes that pay them soundly though the children escape All this while the women weepe and cry out verie passionately prouiding Mats Skins Mosse and drie Wood as things fitting their childrens Funeralls After the children were thus passed the guard tore downe the trees branches and boughs with such violence that they rent the bodie and made wreathes for their heads or bedecked their haire with leaues What else was done with the children was not seene but they were all cast on a heape in a Valley as dead where they made a great feast for all the company The Werowance being demanded the meaning of this sacrifice answered That the children were not
RICHARD WIFFIN THO. ABBAY THO. HOPE and since enlarged out of the Writings of Capt. IOHN SMITH principall Agent and Patient in these Virginian Occurrents from the beginning of the Plantation 1606. till Ann. 1610. somewhat abridged CAptaine Bartholomew Gosnold the first mouer of this Plantation hauing many yeeres solicited many of his friends but found small assistants at last preuailed with some Gentlemen as M. Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Iohn Smith and diuers others who depended a yeere vpon his proiects but nothing could be effected till by their great charge and industrie it came to bee apprehended by certaine of the Nobilitie Gentrie and Merchants so that his Maiestie by his Letters Patents gaue Commission for establishing Councels to direct here and to gouerne and to execute there to effect this was spent another yeere and by that time three Ships were prouided one of one hundred Tuns another of fortie and a Pinnace of twentie The transportation of the Company was committed to Captaine Christopher Newport a Mariner well practised for the Westerne parts of America But their orders for gouernment were put in a Box not to bee opened nor the Gouernours knowne vntill they arriued in Virginia On the ninteenth of December 1606. wee set saile but by vnprosperous winds were kept six weekes in the sight of England all which time M. Hunt our Preacher was so weake and sicke that few expected his recouerie Yet although hee were but ten or twelue miles from his habitation the time we were in the Downes and notwithstanding the stormy weather nor the scandalous imputation of some few little better then Atheists of the greatest ranke amongst vs suggested against him all this could neuer force from him so much as a seeming desire to leaue the businesse but preferred the Seruice of God in so good a Voyage before any affection to contest with his godlesse foes whose disasterous designes could they haue preuailed had euen then ouerthrowne the businesse so many discontents did then arise had he not with the water of patience and his godly exhortations but briefly by his true deuouted examples quenched those flames of enuy and dissention Wee watred at the Canaries we traded with the Sauages at Dominica three weekes we spent in refreshing our selues amongst these West India Iles in Gwardalupa wee found a Bath so hot as in it we boiled Porck as well as ouer the fire And at a little I le called Monica wee tooke from the Bushes with our hands neere two Hogsheads of Birds in three or foure houres In Mevis Mona and the Virgin Iles we spent some time wherewith a loathsome beast like a Crocadil called a Gwayn Tortoses Pellicans Parrots and Fishes wee daily feasted Gone from thence in search of Virginia the Company was not a little discomforted seeing the Mariners had three daies passed their reckoning and found no Land so that Captaine Ratcliffe Captaine of the Pinnace rather desired to beare vp the Helme to returne for England then make further search But God the guider of all good actions forcing them by an extreame storme to Hull all night did driue them by his prouidence to their desired Port beyond all their expectations for neuer any of them had seene that Coast. The first Land they made they called Cape Henry where anchoring M. Wingfield Gosnoll and Newport with thirtie others recreating themselues on shoare Were assaulted by fiue Sauages who hurt two of the English very dangerously That night was the Box opened and the orders read in which Bartholomew Gosnoll Edward Wingfield Christopher Newport Iohn Smith Iohn Ratliffe Iohn Martin and George Kendall were named to be the Councell and to chuse a President amongst them for a yeere who with the Councell should gouerne Matters of moment were to be examined by a Iury but determined by the Maior part of the Councell in which the President had two voices Vntill the thirteenth of May they sought a place to plant in then the Councell was sworne M. Wingfield was chosen President and an Oration made why Captaine Smith was not admitted to the Councell as the rest Now falleth euery man to worke the Councell contriue the Fort the rest cut downe Trees to make place to pitch their Tents some prouide Clap-board to relade the Ships some make Gardens some Nets c. The Sauages often visited vs kindly The Presidents ouerweening iealousie would admit no exercise at Armes or Fortification but the Boughs of Trees cast together in the forme of a halfe Moone by the extraordinary paine and diligence of Captaine Kendall Newport with Smith and twentie others were sent to discouer the head of the Riuer by diuers small habitations they passed in sixe dayes they arriued at a Towne called Powhatan consisting of some twelue houses pleasantly seated on a Hill before it three fertill Iles about it many of their Cornfields the place is very pleasant and strong by nature of this place the Prince is called Powhatan and his people Powhatans to this place the Riuer is Nauigable but higher within a mile by reason of the Rockes and Iles there is not passage for a small Boat this they call the Falls the people in all parts kindly intreated them till being returned within twentie miles of Iames Towne they gaue iust cause of iealousie but had God not blessed the discouerers otherwise then those at the Fort there had then beene an end of that Plantation for at the Fort where they arriued the next day they found seuenteene men hurt and a boy slaine by the Sauages and had it not chanced a crosse Bar shot from the Ships strooke downe a Bough from a Tree amongst them that caused them to retire our men had all beene slaine being securely all at worke and their Armes in Dry-fats Heereupon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed the Ordnance mounted his men armed and exercised for many were the assaults and Ambuscadoes of the Sauages and our men by their disorderly stragling were often hurt when the Sauages by the nimblenesse of their heeles well escaped What toile we had with so small a power to guard our workemen adayes watch all night resist our enemies and effect our businesse to relade the Ships cut downe Trees and prepare the ground to plant our Corne c. I refer to the Readers consideration Six weekes being spent in this manner Captaine Newport who was hired onely for our transportation was to returne with the Ships Now Captaine Smith who all this time from their departure from the Canaries was restrained as a prisoner vpon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe enuying his repute who fained he intended to vsurpe the gouernment murder the Councell and make himselfe King that his confederates were dispersed in all the three Ships and that diuers of his confederates that reuealed it would affirme it for this he was committed thirteene weekes hee remained thus suspected and by that time the Ships should returne they
pretended out of their commisserations to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the world as to touch his life or vtterly ouerthrow his reputation but he much scorned their charitie and publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie hee wisely preuented their policies though hee could not suppresse their enuies yet so well hee demeaned himselfe in this businesse as all the Company did see his innocencie and his aduersaries malice and those which had beene subborned to accuse him accused his accusers of subornation many vntruths were alledged against him but being so apparantly disproued begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the Company against such vniust Commanders many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant yet ambitious spirits but the good doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Master Hunt reconciled them and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councell the next day all receiued the Communion the day following the Sauages voluntarily desired peace and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes leauing in Virginia one hundred the fifteenth of Iune 1607. The names of them that were the first planters were these following Master Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Capt. Iohn Smith Capt. Iohn Ratcliffe Cap. Iohn Martin Capt. George Kendall Councellors M. George Piercy M. Robert Hunt Preacher Anthony Gosnoll Capt. Gabrill Archer Rob. Ford William Brustar Dru Pickhouse Iohn Brookes Thomas Sands Iohn Robinson Vstis Clonill Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Robert Behethland Ieremy Alicock Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgraue Thomas Webbe Iohn Waler William Tankard Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon Iohn Martin George Martin Anthony Gosnold Thomas Wotton Seirg Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter Gentlemen William Laxon Edward Pising Tho. Emry Rob. Small Carpenters Anas Todkill Iohn Capper Iames Read Blacksmith Ionas Profit Sailer Tho. Couper Barber Iohn Herd Brick-layer William Garret Brick-layer Edward Brinto Mason William Loue Taylor Nic. Skot Drum Iohn Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Tho. Cassen William Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tauin George Golding Iohn Dods Will. Iohnson Will. Vnger Labourers Will. Wilkinson Surgeon Samuell Collier Nat. Pecock Iames Brumfield Rich. Mutton with diuers others to the number of one hundred and fiue BEing thus left to our fortunes it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe or well stand such extreame weaknesse and sicknesse oppressed vs. And thereat none need maruell if they consider the cause and reason which was this whilest the ships stayed our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of bisket which the Saylers would pilfer to sell giue or exchange with vs for money saxefras furres or loue But when they departed there remained neither Tauerne Beere-house nor place of reliefe but the common kettell Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony and drunkennesse we might haue beene canonized for Saints But our President would neuer haue beene admitted for ingrossing to his priuate Otemeale Sack Oile Aquavitae Beefe Egges or what not but the kettel that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed and that was halfe a pinte of Wheat and as much Barly boiled with water for a man a day and this hauing fryed some six and twentie weekes in the ships hold contained as many wormes as graines so that wee might truely call it rather so much Bran then Corne our drinke was water our lodgings castles in aire with this lodging and diet our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes so strained and bruised vs and our continuall labour in the extreamitie of heat had so weakned vs as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey or any other place in the world From May to September those that escaped liued vpon Sturgion and Sea-Crabs fiftie in this time we buried The rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape these miseries in our Pinnace by flight who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknesse so moued our dead spirits as wee deposed him and established Ratcliffe in his place Gosnoll being dead Kendall deposed Smith newly recouered Martin and Ratliffe was by his care preserued and relieued but now was all our prouision spent the Sturgeon gone all helpes abandoned each houre expecting the fury of the Sauages when God the Patron of all good indeauours in that desperat extreamitie so changed the hearts of the Sauages that they brought such plentie of their fruits and prouision as no man wanted The new President and Martin being little beloued of weake iudgement in dangers and lesse industry in peace committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith who by his owne example good words and faire promises set some to mow others to binde thatch some to build houses others to thatch them himselfe alwaies bearing the greatest taske for his owne share so that in short time he prouided most of them lodgings neglecting any for himselfe This done seeing the Sauages superfluitie begin to decrease with some of his workmen hee shipped himselfe in the shallop to search the Countrey for trade the want of the language knowledge to mannage his Boat without Sailers the want of sufficient power knowing the multitude of the Sauages apparell for his men and other necessaries were infinite impediments yet no discouragement Being but sixe or seuen in company hee went downe the Riuer to Kecoughtan where at first they scorned him as a starued man and would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne or a piece of Bread for their Swords and Muskets and such like proportions also for their apparell But seeing by trade there was nothing to be had necessitie forced him to exceed his Commission and to vse his Muskets to another kind of trading which made these deriders flye to the Woods Hee hasted to their houses and found store of Corne from which the hungry Souldiers were hardly detained in bastier spoile to haue betrayed themselues to the returning Sauages assault This sixtie or seuenty did presently with hideous noise to the eare and manifold colours painted to the eye singing and dancing with their Okee which was an Idol made with skins stuffed with mosse all painted and hanged with Chaines and Copper borne before them and being well armed with Clubs Targets Bowes and Arrowes they charged the English who so kindly receiued them with their Muskets loaden with Pistoll shot that downe fell their God and diuers of his worshippers lay sprauling on the ground the rest flying to the Woods Soone after they sent one of their Quiyoughcasucks to offer peace and redeeme their Okee Smith agreed that if onely sixe would come vnarmed and load his Boat with Corne hee would be their friend restore their Okee and giue them also Beads Copper Hatchets which on beth sides was performed to mutuall content and they brought him singing and dansing Venison Turkeys wild Fowle Bread
little tasted of those great proportions for their prouisions as they of our miseries that notwithstanding euer swayd and ouerruled the businesse though wee did liue as is said three yeeres chiefly of what this good Countrey naturally affordeth yet now had wee beene in Paradice it selfe with those Gouernours it would not haue beene much better with vs yet were there some amongst vs who had they had the gouernment would surely haue kept vs from those extreamities of miseries that in ten dayes more would haue supplanted vs all by death Thus you see the miserable ends of those vsurping Commanders for all their greatnesse Oratory and long being there and what is the want of owne man in Authoritie that is honest and valiant discreet and industrious and how easily that may also be blemished by ambitious indiscretion or what did binder them now in his absence they had not done much better then hee hauing all these aduantages But God that would not it should bee vnplanted sent Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers with one hundred and fiftie men most happily preserued by the Bermudas to preserue vs. But when those noble Knights did see our miseries being strangers in the Countrey and could vnderstand no more of the cause but by their coniecture of our clamours and complaints of accusing or excusing one another they imbarked vs with themselues with the best meanes they could and abandoning Iames Towne set saile for England But yet God would not so haue it for ere wee left the Riuer wee met the Lord de-la-ware then gouernour of the Countrey with three Ships exceeding well furnished with all necessaries fitting who againe returned them to the abandoned Iames Towne the ninth of Iune 1610. accompanied with Sir Ferdinando Waiâ—â—an and diuers other Gentlemen of sort Sir George Sommers and Captaine Argall he presently dispatcheth to repaire to the Bermudas to furnish them with prouision Sir Thomas Gates for England to helpe forward their supplies himselfe neglected not the best was in his power for the furtherance of the businesse and regaining what was lost But euen in the beginning of his proceedings his Lordship had such an incounter that after eight months sicknesse he was forced to saue his life by his returne for England In this time Argall not finding the Bermudas hauing lost Sir George Sâ—mers at sea fell on the coast of Sagadahock where refreshing himselfe he found a conuenient fishing for Cod. With a taste whereof he returned to Iames Towne from whence the Lord De-la-ware sent him to trade in the Riuer of Patawomeck where finding an English boy those people had preserued from the fury of Powhatan by his acquaintance had such good vsage of those kind Sauages that they fraughted his Ship with Corne wherewith he returned to Iames Towne and so for England with the Lord Gouernour yet before his returne the aduenturers had sent Sir Thomas Dale with three Ships men and cattell and all other prouisions necessarie for a yeere all which arriued the tenth of May 1611. Againe to second him with all possible expedition there was prepared for Sir Thomas Gates sixe tall Ships with three hundred men and one hundred Kine with other cattell with munition and all manner of prouision could be thought needfull and they arriued about the first of August next after safely at Iames Towne Sir George Somers all this time was supposed lost but thus it hapned missing the Barmudas hee fell also as did Argall with Sagadahock where being refreshed would not content himselfe with that repulse but returned againe in the search and there safely arriued But ouertoyling himselfe on a surfet died And in this Cedar Ship built by his owne directions and partly with his owne hands that had not in her any Iron but onely one bolt in her Keele yet well endured thus tossed to and againe in this mightie Ocean till with his dead bodie she arriued in England and at Whitchurch in Dorsetshire his body by his friends was honourably buried with mane volies of shot and the rites of a Souldier c. But thus much may serue as the argument of the discourses following and as the Prologue to the Virginian Scene where we will first produce M. Archer after whose succinct narration M. Strachies copious discourse shall feast you with the liuely expression of others miseries and Barmudas happy discouery in Rhetorickes Full sea and spring tide CHAP. V. A Letter of M. GABRIEL ARCHAR touching the Voyage of the Fleet of Ships which arriued at Virginia without Sir THO. GATES and Sir GEORGE SVMMERS 1609. FRom Woolwich the fifteenth of May 1609 seuenth saile weyed anchor and came to Plimmouth the twentieth day where Sir George Somers with two small Vessels consorted with vs. Here we tooke into the Blessing being the ship wherein I went fixe Mares and two Horses and the Fleet layed in some necessaries belonging to the action In which businesse we spent time till the second of lune And then wee set sayle to Sea but crost by South-west windes we put in to Faulemouth and there staying till the eight of Iune we then gate out Our Course was commanded to leaue the Canaries one hundred leagues to the Eastward at least and to steere away directly for Virginia without touching at the West Indies except the Fleet should chance to be separated then they were to repaire to the Bermuda there to stay seuen dayes in expectation of the Admirall and if they found him not then to take their course to Virginia Now thus it happened about sixe dayes after we lost the sight of England one of Sir George Somers Pinnasses left our company and as I take it bare vp for England the rest of the ships viz. The Sea Aduenture Admirall wherein was Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Somer and Captaine Newport The Diamond Vice-admirall wherein was Captaine Ratcliffe and Captaine King The Falcon Reare-admirall in which was Captaine Martin and Master Nellson The Blessing wherein I and Captaine Adams went The Vnitie wherein Captaine Wood and Master Pett were The Lion wherein Captaine Webb remained And the Swallow of Sir George Somers in which Captaine Moone and Master Somer went In the Catch went one Matthew Fitch Master and in the Boat of Sir George Somers called the Virginia which was built in the North Colony went one Captaine Davies and one Master Davies These were the Captatines and Masters of our Fleet. We ran a Southerly course froâ— the Tropicke of Cancer where hauing the Sun within sixe or seuen degrees right ouer our head in Iuly we bore away West so that by the feruent heat and loomes breezes many of our men fell sicke of the Calenture and out of two ships was throwne ouer-boord thirtie two persons The Viceadmirall was said to haue the plague in her but in the Blessing we had not any sicke albeit we had twenty women and children Vpon Saint Iames day being about one hundred
to demaund of Powhatan willing him to returne vnto the English Fort both such men as hee detayned of ours and such Armes as he had of theirs in his possession and those conditions performed hee willed them to assure vnto Powhatan that then their great Werowance the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall would hold faire quarter and enter friendship with him as a friend to King Iames and his Subiects But refusing to submit to these demands the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall gaue in charge to the Messengers so sent to signifie vnto Powhatan that his Lordship would by all meanes publike and priuate seeke to recouer from him such of the English as he had being Subiects to his King and Master vnto whom euen Powhatan himselfe had formerly vowed not only friendship but homage receiuing from his Maiestie therefore many gifts and vpon his knees a Crowne and Scepter with other Ornaments the Symbols of Ciuill State and Christian Soueraigntie thereby oâ—liging himselfe to Offices of dutie to his Maiestie Vnto all which Powhatan returned no other answere but that either we should depart his Country or confine our selues to Iames Towne only without searching further vp into his Land or Riuers or otherwise hee would giue in command to his people to kill vs and doe vnto vs all the mischiefe which they at their pleasure could and we feared withall forewarning the said Messengers not to returne any more vnto him vnlesse they brought him a Coach and three Horses for hee had vnderstood by the Indians which were in England how such was the state of great Werowances and Lords in England to ride and visit other great men After this diuers times and daily hee sent sometimes two sometimes three vnto our Fort to vnderstand our strength and to obserue our Watch Guard and how our people stood in health and what numbers were arriued with this new Weroance which being soone perceiued our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall forewarned such his Spies vpon their owne perill to resort no more vnto our Fort. Howbeit they would daily presse into our Block-house and come vp to our Pallizado gates supposing the gouernment as well now as fantasticall and negligent in the former times the whilest some quarter of a mile short of the Block-house the greatest number of them would make assault and lye in ambush about our Glasse-house whether Diuers times indeed our men would make out either to gather Strawberries or to fetch fresh water any one of which so stragled if they could with conueniencie they would assault and charge with their Bowes and Arrowes in which manner they killed many of our men two of which being Paspaheans who were euer our deadliest enemies and not to be reconciled at length being apprehended and one of them a notable villaine who had attempted vpon many in our Fort the Lord Gouernour caused them to be manacled and conuented before him and his Counsell where it was determined that hee that had done so much mischiefe should haue his right hand strocke off sending him away withall with a message to Powhatan that vnlesse hee would yet returne such Englishmen as he detayned together with all such their Armes as before spoken of that not only the other now Prisoner should die but all such of his Sauages as the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall could by any meanes surprize should runne the same course as likewise the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall would fire all his Neighbour Corne Fieldes Townes and Villages and that suddenly if Powhatan sent not to contract with him the sooner What this will worke with him wee know not as yet for this was but the day before our ships were now falling to Point Comfort and so to set sayle for England which ships riding before Weroscoick to take in their fraight of Cedar Clap-boord Blacke Wal-nut and Iron Oare tooke Prisoners likewise the chiefe King of Weroscoick called Sasenticum with his Sonne Kainta and one of his chiefe men And the fifteenth day of Iuly in the Blessing Captaine Adams brought them to Point Comfort where at that time as well to take his leaue of the Lieutenant Generall Sir Thomas Gates now bound for England as to dispatch the ships the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall had pitched his Tent in Algernoone Fort. The Kings Sonne Kainta the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall hath sent now into England vntill the ships arriue here againe the next Spring dismissing the old Werowance and the other with all tearmes of kindnesse and friendship promising further designes to bee effected by him to which hee hath bound himselfe by diuers Sauage Ceremonies and admirations And thus right Noble Ladie once more this famous businesse as recreated and dipped a new into life and spirit hath raysed it I hope from infamy and shall redeeme the staines and losses vnder which she hath suffered since her first Conception your Graces still accompany the least appearance of her and vouchsafe her to bee limmed out with the beautie which wee will begge and borrow from the faire lips nor feare you that shee will returne blushes to your cheekes for praysing her since more then most excellent Ladie like your selfe were all tongues dumbe and enuious shee will prayse her selfe in her most silence may shee once bee but seene or but her shadow liuely by a skilfull Workman set out indeed which heere hungerly as I am I haue presumed though defacing it in these Papers to present vnto your Ladiship After Sir Thomas Gates his arriuall a Booke called A true Declaration of Uirginia was published by the Company out of which I haue heere inserted this their publike testimonie of the causes of the former euils and Sir Thomas Gates his Report vpon Oath of Virginia THe ground of all those miseries was the permissiue Prouidence of God who in the fore-mentioned violent storme seperated the head from the bodie all the vitall powers of Regiment being exiled with Sir Thomas Gates in those infortunate yet fortunate Ilands The broken remainder of those supplyes made a greater shipwracke in the Continent of Virginia by the tempest of Dissention euery man ouer-ualning his owne worth would be a Commander euery man vnder prizing anothers value denied to be commanded The next Fountaine of woes was secure negligence and improuidence when euery man sharked for his present bootie but was altogether carelesse of succeeding penurie Now I demand whether Sicilia or Sardinia sometimes the Barnes of Rome could hope for increase without manuring A Colony is therefore denominated because they should be Coloni the Tillers of the Earth and Stewards of fertilitie our mutinous Loyteyers would not sow with prouidence and therefore they reaped the fruits of too deere bought Repentance An incredible example of their idlenesse is the report of Sir Thomas Gates who affirmeth that after his first comming thither be hath seene some of them eat their fish raw rather then they would goe a stones cast to fetch wood
boord two houres and a halfe good Lord what haste she made and how quickly were we diuided both great and small shot playing on both sides which lasted vntill the remotenesse was aboue a Caliuer shot and we discouered the vice-Admirall comming to her assistance who began a farre off to ply vs with great shot and put vs in minde we had another worke in hand Whereupon wee manned our Ship a new separating the dead and hurt bodies by themselues from vs and were so encouraged that we waued her and in a manner made toward her to fight a fresh For when we perceiued that the Admirall made not a shot more at vs we verily imagined that either she was preparing her selfe with a new supply or wanted men to make her seruiceable or resolued to goe away from vs considering shee had lost her Captaine yet loth to bee secure and imagining the Vice-admirall might come and boord vs finding vs play till the Admirall did make her selfe better readie we prepared our selues wondring yet that shee came no neerer vs then Falcon shot wherewith she plyed vs still on the Lee side vntill at last she receiued another payment from our Demie-culuering which shot her through and made her beare with the shore into smooth water where shee remayned till two of the clocke after midnight and so wee had time to reforme our disorders and make our selues better readie for the next dayes varietie By breake of day she came vp againe with the Admirall with her as if they determined indeed to deuoure vs at once but as it seemed it was but a Brauado though for the time they forsooke not our quarter within Musket shot for all that night and morning they were quiet Neighbours and kept vs company without any great annoyance with their Top-sayles downe not knowing as it should seeme what to doe with vs or else suspecting their owne hurts and Leakes they durst not trust themselues too farre from Land nor to the furie of another encounter All that night we had time and leisure to ouer-looke our losses and prepare for them the Admirall made shew of an encounter and we after Prayers were ended prouided to fight with them but suddenly wee perceiued the Vice-Admirall hang a sterne cutting her mayne sayle to come vp and stirring very ill At length the Admirall shooke in the wind and by apparant signes gaue vs notice of slacking her course whereby we might runne a head and follow the Seas at her pleasure so wee perceiued the Vice-Admirall with all her Sayles to make towardes an Iland called Sana which the Admirall either tooke notice of as knowing the danger she wasin or gaue directions accordingly considering there was no good to bee done with vs for presently she tacked about and lost vs bearing toward that Iland also Wee lost Doctor Bohune and seuen other were slaine out-right two died shortly after of their wounds and sixteene were shot through in some part or other of the bodie whose wounds Gods be thanked were recured and without mayme or further impeachment of health are now recouered and settled in Virginia according to our first entended purpose and Commission I reckon not such as are hurt with Pikes and other offensiue Weapons because there was no danger in their cures and the skilfull Surgeon shewed his art and good speed with facilitie How many they lost wee cannot tell nor what men of name were entertayned amongst them onely I am sure we saw many lie slaine on the Decke and more cast ouer-boord in the fight besides the Scuppers ran with bloud and the very Sea in their quarter was coloured with a Scarlet hue and looked fearfully vpon vs all The burthen of their Admirall was three hundred tunnes hauing two and twentie Peeces of Brasse and all prouision of a man of Warre indeed their Vice-Admirall three hundred tuns and sixteene cast Peeces nor much inferiour to her for trimming and correspondent Equipage and both to outward shew ouer-masterfull and daring for one poore Merchant and Passenger being but a hundred and sixtie tunnes hauing eight Iron Peeces and one Falcon ouer-loaden with Stuffe and Wares encombred with Passengers toyled with a storme tyred with a long Voyage affrighted with wants and euery way insufficient to answere any such enemie but as it in the Scripture it is all one to thee O God whether there be few or many and Gedeons three hundred shall slay many thousands of the Midianites as for deliuerances the people of Israell shall passe through the Red Sea dry foot Ionas shall bee cast safe on shoare out of the Whales belly and Paul shall escape shipwracke sauing his life with all his Passengers in the Iland of Malta For to conclude with the purpose in hand there is one thing most remarkable as an inducement to this our deliuerance that Captaine Chester embraced Doctor Bohune beeing mortally wounded and thus recomforted him saying O Doctor Bohune what a disaster is this the Noble Doctor no whit exanimated replyed Fight it out braue man the cause is good and Lord receiue my soule A Sea Fight Slaine out right Doctor Bohune Thomas Demeter Gentleman Th. Read William Garret Th. Vernam Gabriel Peses Dauid Bathering Raph. c. Died after Francis Annis Gentleman Ed. Nerobery Sayler Wounded yet cured William Bird Gentleman Alexander Bouâ—ntine William Bannington Gentleman William Ioyce Quarter Master Iohn Wakings Iohn Wilson Sayler George Tayler Sayler William Lucas Sayler Iohn Robbins Steward Phillip Durâ—ine Three Frenchmen Robert Lector Anthony Browne Gentleman CHAP. XV. Virginian affaires since the yeere 1620. till this present 1624. §. I. A note of the shipping men and prouisions sent and prouided for Virginia by the Right Honourable HENRY Earle of South-hampton and the Company and other priuate Aduenturers in the yeere 1621. c. with other Occurrents then published by the Company SHIPS AND PEOPLE 1 THe Elianor 30. tun in May 1621. with 10. persons 2 The George 180. tun in Iuly 120. 3 The Charles 120. tunne in Iuly 80. 4 The Marmaduke 100. tun in Iuly 80. 5 The Temperance 80. tun in Iuly 50. 6 The Warwicke 160. tun in August 100. 7 The Tigre 40. tun in August 40. 8 The Sea-flowre 140. tun in August 120. 9 The Flying Hart 200. tun in August 60. Men and 40. Cattell 10 The Discouerie 60. tun in Nouember 20. 11 The Bona Noua 200. tun in Noumber 50. 12 The Hope-well 60. tun in Nouember 20. 13 The God-speed 150. tun in Aprill â—1622 100. 14 The Gift of God 140. tun in Aprill 100. 15 The Prime-Rose 80. tun in Aprill 60. 16 The Charitie 80. tun in Aprill 30. 17 The Bonauenture 50. tun in Aprill 10. 18 The White Lion 180. tun in May 40 Men 40. Cattell 19 The Furtherance 180. tun in May 80. men 20 The Maâ—â—â—ret and Iohn 160. tun in May 80. 21 The Iames 120. tun in May 80. Summe of the persons 1300. Cattell 80. Sent also
Englishmen all that time wherein the Spanish Nauie sailed vpon their Seas are not found to haue wanted aboue one hundreth of their people albeit Sir F. Drakes ship was pierced with shot aboue forty times and his very cabben was twise shot thorow and about the conclusion of the fight the bed of a certaine Gentleman lying weary thereupon was taken quite from vnder him with the force of a Bullet Likewise as the Earle of Northumberland and Sir Charles Blunt were at dinner vpon a time the Bullet of a Demi-culuering brake thorow the middest of their Cabbin touched their feete and strooke downe two of the standers by with many such accidents befalling the English ships which it were tedious to rehearse Whereupon it is most apparant that God miraculously preserued the English Nation For the Lord Admirall wrote vnto her Maiesty that in all humaine reason and according to the iudgement of all men euery circumstance being duely considered the Englishmen were not of any such force whereby they might without a miracle dare once to approach within the sight of the Spanish Fleete insomuch that they freely ascribed all the honour of their victory vnto God who had confounded the enemy and had brought his counsels to none effect The same day the Spanish ships were so battered with English shot that that very night and the day following two or three of them sunke right downe and among the rest a certain great ship of Biscay which Captaine Crosse assaulted which perished euen in the time of the conflic so that very few therein escaped drowning who reported that the Gouernors of the same ship slew one another vpon the occasion following one of them which would haue yeelded the ship was suddenly slaine the brother of the slaine party in reuenge of his death slew the murtherer and in the meane while the ship sunke The same night two Portugall galeons of the burthen of seuen or eight hundreth tuns a peece to wit Saint Philip and Saint Matthew were forsaken of the Spanish Fleete for they were so torne with shot that the water entered into them on all sides In the Galeon of Saint Philip was Francis de Toledo brother vnto the Count de Argas being Colonell ouer two and thirty bands besides other Gentlemen who seeing their mast broken with shot they shaped their course aswell as they could for the coast of Flanders whither when they could not attaine the principall men in the ship committed themsâ—lues to their skiffe arriued at the next towne which was Ostend and the ship it selfe being left behinde with the resiâ—ue of their company was taken by the Vlishingers In the other Galeon called the Saint Matthew was embarked Don Diego Pimentelli another Camp-master and Colonell of two and thirty bands being brother vnto the Marquesse of Tamnares with many other Gentlemen and Captaines Their ship was not very great but exceeding strong for of a great number of Bullets which had batterd her there were scarce twenty where with she was pierced or hurt her vpper worke was of force sufficient to beare off a Musket shot this ship was shot thorow and pierced in the fight before Greueling insomuch that the leakage of the water could not be stopped whereupon the Duke of Medina sent his great skiffe vnto the Gouernour thereof that he might saue himselfe and the principall persons that were in his ship which he vpon a hault courage refused to doe wherefore the Duke charged him to saile next vnto himselfe which the night following hee could not performe by reason of the abundance of water which entered his ship on all sides for the auoiding whereof and to saue his ship from sinking he caused fifty men continually to labour at the Pump though it were to small purpose And seeing himselfe thus forsaken and separated from his Admirall he endeuored what he could to attaine vnto the coast of Flanders where being espied by foure or fiue men of war which had their station assigned them vpon the same coast he was admonished to yeelde himselfe vnto them which he refused to doe was strongly assaulted by them altogether his ship being pierced with many bullets was brought into far worse case then before forty of his souldiers were slain By which extremity he was enforced at length to yeelde himselfe vnto Peter Banderduess and other Captaine which brought him and his ship into Zeland and that other ship also last before mentioned which both of them immediatly after the greater and better part of their goods were vnladen sunke right downe For the memory of this exploit the foresaid Captain Banderduess caused a Banner of one of these ships to be set vp in the great Church of Leiden in Holland which is of so great a length that being fasted to the very roofe it reached downe to the ground About the same time another small ship being by necessity driuen vpon the coast of Flanders about Blankenberg was cast away vpon the sands the people therein being saued Thus Almighty God would haue the Spaniards huge ships to be preiented not onely to the view of the English but also of the Zelanders that at the sight of them they might acknowledge of what small ability they had beene to resist such impregnable forces had not God endued them with courage prouidence and fortitude yea and fought for them in many places with his owne arme The 29. of Iuly the Spanish fleete being encountered by the English as is aforesaid and lying close together vnder their fighting sailes with a South-west winde sailed past Dunkerk the English ships still following the chase Of whom the day following when the Spaniards had got Sea roome they cut their maine sailes whereby they sufficiently declared that they meant no longer to fight but to flie For which cause the Lord Admirall of England dispatched the Lord Henry Seymer with his squadron of small ships vnto the coast of Flanders where with the helpe of the Dutch ships he might stop the Prince of Parma his passage if perhaps he should attempt to issue forth with his army And he himselfe in the meane space pursued the Spanish fleet vntiâ—l the second of August because he thought they had set saile for Scotland And albeit he followed them very neere yet did he not assault them any more for want of Powder and Bullets But vpon the fourth of August the winde arising when as the Spaniards had spread all their sailes betaking themselues wholly to flight leauing Scotland on the left hand trended toward Norway whereby thâ—y sâ—fficiently declared that their whole intent was to saue themselues by flight attempting for that purpose with their battered and crazed ships the most dangerous nauigation of the Northren Seas the English seeing that they were now proceeded vnto the latitude of 57. degrees and being vnwilling to participate that danger whereinto the Spaniards plunged themselues and because they wanted things necessary and especially Powder and
from Iames Towne in Virginia to the I le of Hogs 1724 Scuruie reigning in New France 1642. and vnder the Aequinoctiall 1202. its cause effects signes and remedie 1373 1374. great raigning of it among Mariners 1374. the things that are discommodious or beneficiall to the patient 1623 1763 Scuruy-grasse 1191. its medicinable operations 1624 Sea blacke in colour beyond the line 1157. a Sea-monster like a man of complexion like a tawny Indian 1187. another strange Sea-monster 1207 Sea-water warme the ayre being cold 1627. Sea made fresh by a violent intermixture of riuers in Florida 1555. Sea-scum like pitch and vsed like pitch called Coper in Florida 1556. Sea discommodious for meats in sickness 1624. Sea danger 1223 Sea-fire a meteor seene commonly in temposts the diuers opinions and names thereof 1737 The Sea worshipped by some Indians 1471 Sea-faring mens errors 1368 Sea-fights 1183 1186 1402 seq the requisitenesse of armour in Sea-fights 1408. a Sea-fight betweene the Spanish and English at vnequall hand the successe largely related 1780 1781 1784 Sea-hawking 1376 Sea-voyages require a Princes purse 1942 Sea-stratagem of the English hauing good effect 1908 Sea-snakes 1315 Seale-land 1440 Seales great store 1187. their nature and description 1386 Seasons falling vnequally vnder the same parallel 1637 Sea-men their seuerall offices 1403 Seminaries erected at Rome and Rhemes 1893 Security is dangerous 1635 St. Sebastian Iland 1200 Seed-time in New England 1866 Segouni abeast in Brasile 1243 Selinama riuer 1284. directions to trauell there 1286 Seralta an ancient Commander in Port Râ—cco 1166 Serpents called Iebua 1226. a serpent called Cobrus in Brasile as big as a man twenty foot long his strange feeding rotting and reviving 1243. A Serpent called Cururijuba thirty foot long its description 1317 1318. Serpents that are armed with plates not pierceable by an arrow ibid. Serpents called Guararici which being heard sing by the indians causeth them to dye so strong is their imagination 1318. a huge Serpent 1350. two great Serpents 1603 Shadden a towne of the Arwaccas in the West Indies 1285 Shambles of mans flesh among the Spaniards in the Indies 1280 Sharke a fish so called described 1376 Sheathing of Ships requisite 1387 Shawakotoc a riuer in Mawooshen 1875 Sheepe why s 〈…〉 in Port-Ricco 1172. Sheep vsed for cariages as horses in the Indies called Amidas 1362. Sheepe as big as horses with huge hornes and small tayles neere Mexico 1560 one horne waigheth 50 pound 1561 Shels of Pearle curiously wrought by nature 1381 Sherleys voyage 1168 Showers of gold 1395 Shooting at Sea how aduisedly to be vndertaken 1369 Sicknesse its cause and remedy 1251. Sicknesses vnknowne in New France 1623 Sicknesse in Guiana 1261. Sicknesse preuented by good dyet 1624. sicknesse destroying the whole Country in Pataxâ—t in New England 1849 Sickene Mountaine 1286 Sierra Leona a country so called 1141 Shipwracks 1355 1356 1440 1560 1673 1674 1676 1677 Ships how most conueniently built for warres or Merchandise 1405 1406. ships vnprofitably built of Cedar in the Bermudas 1747. ships taken by Sr. Francis Drake at the Cascois in the Portingall voyage 1923. ships of great worth taken by the English at the fight before Cadiz 1930. in ships whether race-building be commodious for men of warre 1409 Silk-wormes in Florida 1603. in the Bermudas 1739 Silk-grasse in Virginia 1758 Silley an I le on the west of England 1247 Siluer in Florida presented to the French by the Inhabitants 1603 Smiarra a towne neere the Fort of Marwin inhabited by the Arwacca Sauages 1283 Sir Samuel Argal by vertue of commission with much valour and discretion dispossessed the French of their vsurped possession in the New found Land 1828. his departure from the coasts of Virginia 1830. His inuention of trade with the Uirginia Sauages 1763 Skin as ruffe as Buffe on men 1280 Skuls of dead men layd in the windowes of houses among some Indians perchance to put them in mind of mortality 1560 Slate good store in Canada affording Diamonds 1610 1611 Sleeping-hearbe 1312 Smiths Iles before Uirginia 1691 Capt. Smith of Plimouth his disasterous voyage with sudden returne by the vnmercifulnesse of a raging tempest his second aduentures to the Westerne Ilands hee is chased by the French Pyrates is taken prisoner and the voyage ouerthrowne 1829. Captaine Smiths suspition by the Councell of Virginia his behauiour and clearing there from 1706. his care for the Plantation and furtherance thereof his discouerie of the riuer 1707. he fights and kils sauages is taken by them brought to the Emperour threatned death and saued by the Kings daughter returneth to the Plantation 1708 1709. his second arriuall at Powhatans court 1710. his better desire then power to benefit the plantation 1711. his striking terror in the Sauages ibid. his departure for a discouerie 1712 Iohn Smith his voyage to New-England finished in the space of 6 moneths with gaine of fifteene hundred pounds 1838 Snakes-hearb excellent good against the poyson of Snakes 1311 Snakes eaten 1210. snakes verie venemous 1212. A dangerous snake kild 1215. its quality ib. name Sorocueu 1230 its description 1231. Snakes without poyson 1303. their plenty and diuersitie in Brasile 1303 1304. with their names ibid. 1317 1318 Snakes of thirty foot long called Amara worshipped 1457 1478. Snakes worshipped in Topira 1560. Snakes worne about the neckes of the Virginians 1698 Snowes exceeding great in Florida 1551. Snowes made vse of in stead of drinke 1561. Snowes as good as a furd-gowne for fruits 1636 Soacatino a towne in Florida very poore and destitute of prouision 1554 Socke riuer 11â—6 Sodomites burnt by the Indians 1558 Somme-riuer in Florida discouered by the French 1603 Sommerset-Iland in the Bermudas 1796 Sir George Sommers ariuall at the Bermudas and death 1733. his care for the suruay of those Ilands 1738. his departure from Uirginia to the Bermudas 1754 Sommer Ilands commodities at large 1794 1795. Vide Bermudas Somma a place in America 1222 Soto a Spaniard his parentage time of his flourishing nature and dignity 1528 1529. his voyage to Florida at large related and discouery 1530 the company of his ships and number of his S 〈…〉 iers his ariuall at Florida and at the towne Vâ—â—â— and meeting with Indianized Christians there 1530 1531. his comming to Paracossi Acela Tocaste Cale townes in Florida his newes of Gold and Maiz 1532. his approach at other seuerall townes in America-Florida and seuerity to the Indians 1533 1534. his many bickerings with the Indians his resolution for the Prouince of Ochus 1535. hee pretends himselfe to be the sonne of the Sunne 1536. his ingratitude to an Indian Princess that had vsed him his company kindly 1538 1539. burieth a letter neere a Pine-tree to giue direction to his lost followers 1537. carieth the Caciques with them till hee was out of their countries 1541. the course of his trauels 1542. his skirmish and losse by the Indians 1543. his other Indian occurrents 1546 1547 1548 1549 et seq his
eight hundred thousand inhabitants made away by Spanish cruelty the women there were murdered which the Indians thought great cowardise 1575 1576 Tetitlan a Prouinâ—e in New Spain 1559 Teulnicham-Prouince 1559 Tharletons perfidie 1382 1383 Testogos a place so called 1242 Tetattecoumoynetto a towne of the Charibes neere the riuer Marwin in America 1285 Thefts basenesse 1153 Theft seuerely punished by the Indians 1870 Theft punished in the English army 1921 Thimogoa Inhahitants of Florida 1604 Thirst in great extremity 1505. Thirst breeding faintnesse and death 1686 Thirty sayle of Ships sent to fit ther the plantation in New England 1832 Thought slayeth a man 1878 St Thomas fabled by the Indians to preach to their ancestors his Chappell and miracle 1219 Three Spanish ships taken by the English Admirall 1960 Three Armadaes of the King of Spaine cast away on the shoald called Osca copos or Catch-chops 1836 Three Spanish ships surprised by the English 1908 Thunders strange effects 1405 Thunders horrid and predigious in the Bermudas 1738 Thunderbolts frequent in the Indies they often cleane great trees 150â— Tiembos fierce and populous Indians neere the riuer of Plate their nature fashion description 1349 Tiguez a Prouince in America 1561 Tillage more necessary then mynes for a new Plantation 1631 Timimino Indians consumed by the Portingals in Brasile 1298 Tipi Indians in Brasile that fight with venomed arrowes 1299 Titicaca an Iland in Peru of infinite riches their precious Temple worship and conceit of the Sunne 1465 Tiuitinas Inhabitants neere Orenoco two sorts of them 1247 1285 Toads and Frogs eaten 1214 1229 1230 1327 The Toad fish 1315 Toalli a Floridan towne and its description its inhabitants and their disposition 1536 Tobaccoes first bringers in vse 1182. Tobacco 1228 1230 1264 1271. Tobacco saue mens liues 1258. Tobacco store 1276 1277. its effects in Physicke and abuse its name of the Holy herbe and the manner how the Indians drinke it 1311. how they blow it in canes one on another to encrease valour 1238. a strange kind of tobacco 1392. Tobacco not profitable in New England the cause why 1871. Tobacco pipe of a Lobsters claw 1662. Tobacco of Virginia how disparaged by Tobacco-mongers 1775 Tobacco worth to Spaine 100000 pound yearly 1821 Tobosos Indians 1561 Tobyas Bay in the Straits of Magellane 1205 1388 Tockwhogh riuer in Virginia 1694 Tocaste towne in America 1531 Tocoman a place in the Indies inhabited by Pigmies 1231. t is esteemed to be the vttâ—rmost part of Brasile where it ioynes to Peru ibid. 1242 Tocoya a towne in the Indies 1258 Tocuâ— a place of America fertile with gold 1419 Tolisbay straits 1233 Tohanna Indians so called 1363 Tonola a prouince in New Spaine 1558 Tomomimos Sauages so called 1217. they liue at Moregoge their townes and warres with the Portingals 1227 Tooth ache cured 1308 Toâ—ira an Indian prouince abounding with gold and emeraulds armour made of siluer the inhabitants worship birds and hearbes they sacrifice to a serpent 1560 Tortoyse its description in Bermudas it liues 24 houres after its head is off 1800 a Tortoyse with 700 egges in his belly taken and eaten 1255. they lay two or three hundred egges at once 1314 Tortoyse nor fish nor flesh 1741 Topinan bazes Sauages like the Petiuares their caruing haire singing 1227. Vide Petiuares Toupin Indians neere the riuer Ienero 1347 Trauelling very easie and strange for a small vallew in the Indies 1242. Trauell-direction in the Indies 1285. more directions for trauell 1286. Trauelling in hot water 1359 A Tree that yeeldeth the inhabitants most of the water they haue 1370 Trees their nature and abundance in Dominica 1158. T 〈…〉 es strange and vnknowne in Port-Ricco 1165. Trees that beare buds greene fruit and ripe fruit with seeds all together 1173. Trees hauing the sense of feeling 1280. Trees good against bruiseâ— and distilling Balsome 1239 trees of exceeding hard wood exceeding great 1256. Trees that haue alwayes greene leaues that beare fruit twice in a yeare called Mangaba trees flowing with milk that might serue for hara Waxe called Marveâ—ge Trees that cause thâ—ir fruit being eaten teeth to fall Trees whose fruit makes haire fall their strange nature and severall names in Brasile 1307 1308 1309. Trees that serue to cure greene wounds having good Balme 1308. For the Colicke for the bloody Fluxe for cold diseases for the Poxe for the Toothake ibid. Trees fruit that killeth any fish in the water that change leaues euery moneth that make Inke that hath in it a riuer of water such strangenesse of trees seâ— 1309. and their names ibid. Trees in Salt-water 1316. vide Plant. â—ase Treacherie in an Irishman 1200. man Englishman 1â—20 Whose miserable end 1221. In a Savage 1251. In the Indians 1256 1258. To themselues 1361. Treachâ—râ—e the losse of a voyage 1â—83 Treacâ—erie in the Indians 1392. vide P 〈…〉 fidie Triana a towne taken and fired by Capt. Parker 1244 Trinity I le pestered with Spanish cruelty and robbea of inhabitants 1584 1585 Trinity harbour Ahanan in the New-found Land 1882 Tripassey a harbour commodious and temperate in the latitude of 46 degrees 1885 Trinidada 1186. the Indians there haue 4 names their commanders now called Captaines inhabited by the Spaniards 1247 Trinity a hauen in Cuba 1500 Trugillo the vtmost towne of the Prouince Valenzuola in America 1419 Truxillo a place in America 1399 Triumphall Uerses of the English deliuerie in 88 1912 Cap Tuberone 11â—6 Tuberones the name of Dog-fish by the Portingals 1209 Tucana a bird like a Pye with a bill a span long very big 1306 Tucanucu Sauage Brasilians 1299 Tuccaman a towne in the river of Plate 230 miles from the entrance its fruitfulnesse its want of gold 1141 Tuckers-terror a shoale on the coast of Uirginia 1648 Capt. Tucker gouernour of the plantation in the Bermudas his acts there 1803 Tulahe a fruitfull country neere Guiana 1248 Tulla a place in Florida 1550 Tullumuchase a great Towne in Florida 1541 Tu'u a place inhabited by the Spaniards neere Cartagena its force 1419 Tumbez a plaine country in Peru 1444. its inhabitants are vitious and luxurious people that idolize Tygers and Lyons 1480 Tune a fruit in Florida on which onely the inhabitants liue three moneths in a yeare 1511 Tunsteroito a towne of Sauages in the West Indies 1285 Tunza a place in America 1419 Tupiguae Brasilians deuoured by the slauery of the Portingals 1298 Tupinaba Indians so called 1298 Tupinaquin Indians inhabiting Brasile 1298 Tuppac Inca Yupanqui Emperor sometime of Peru his valiant acts and attempts conquests and enlarging his Empire ciuilizing many sauage nations his progeny death and successor 1478 1479 Tuppan Bass Sauages so called neere Brasile 1188. their mirth habit life and lodging ibid. Tupac Amaru heire to the Empire of Peru falsly accused and cruelly executed by the Spanish Uiceroy 1488. his well deserued issue ibid. Tupan-boyera a place inhabited by Canibals in Brasile 1227. the Portingals call it Organes ibid. Tupijo Brasilian
hundrâ—ds haue hereby perished The number of the dead and sicke Dangerous mâ—neths The opening of a dead body What food causeth the land diseaâ—e Bad waters Plin. li. 25. c. 3. Stomaccacè Scelotyrbè Britannica or Scuruy grasse an herbe Strabo Monsieur de Ioâ—nuille The Gouitres of Sauore What aire is against health Windes Seasons Bad food and di commodities of the Sea Aduice for the sicknesses of New France Good Wine Herbes in the Spring time Stoues Stoues in Gardens Such I haue seene at Beddington in Surrie at Sir Nicolas Carews The sweatings of the Sauages A merry heart a principall preseruatiue against the Scuruie Eccles. 3. 12 22. Meanes of mirth Necessitiâ— of hauing women into the Countrey Tree of life Sasafras Monsieur Champlain is now this present yeere 1609. in Canada The discoueric of new Lands by Monsieur de Monts fabulous tales and reports of the Riuer and fained Towne of Norombega Kinibeki sâ—xty leagues from S. Croix Fabulous â—ales of the Riuer Norombega Pemptegoet Obiection Answer Kinibeki The Bay of Marchin 1607. Ch 〈…〉 koet The ground manured Vines Malebarre Etechemins The Armouchiquois traitours and theeues Thâ— swiftnesse of the Armouchiquois The arriuall of Monsieur du Point 1605. Transmigration from S. Croix to Port Royal. New buildings Trafficke with the Sauages Beuers Otters and Stags Tabaguia is a sauage tearme signifying banket Hand Mils The number of the dead Fault in their buildings The furniture of Monsieur du Pont to goe to the discouery of new lands The wracke of their Barke Causes of delay in establish ing the dwelling place of the Frenchmen The third voyage made by Monsieur de Poutrincourt Rochel The courage of Monsieur de Monts and his associates 13. of May 1606. Meetings of Ships Great cold The reason of this Antiperistâ—sâ— and the cause oâ— the Ices of New-sound land Warnings neerethe great Banke Birds called by Frenchmen Godes Fouquets Hapfoies The fishing of Cod. Hap-foyes why so called Sea dogs skins Excellent sawsiges made with the inwards of Cod. The weather in those Seâ—s contrary then in ours The causes of Mists on the West Seas Land makes The discouery of S. Peters Ilands Plaine discouery of the Land Cap. Breton The Bay of Campseau Eight daies Gods fauour in danger Calm weather Morueilous odours comming from the land The boording of two Shallops The Sauages goodly men Matachiaz be carkanets neklaces bracelets and wrought girdles During the mists at Sea it is faire wether on land The departing of some of our company going alâ—nd The Sauages do traueli much way in small time Mists Calmes Portâ—u â—u Rossignoll Port au Mouton â—hat growes 〈◊〉 the Land at Port â—u Mouton Le Cap de Sable Long Iland The Bay S. Mary The arriuing to Port Royall Difficulties in comming in The beautie of the Port. Sagamos signifieth Captaine Praises of the two Frenchmen leâ—t alone in Fort of Port Royall The tilling of the ground The meeting with Monsieur du Pont. The forme of a Rain-bow vnder a Caue Greatnesse of Canada 400. leagues from the mouth It springs from a Lake Which is the first mine Sowing of Corne. August 20. Cause of the Voyage made into the country of the Armouchiquois Parting from Port Royall Faire Rie found at S. Croix Their meaning is to plant beyond Malebarre to the southward A ditch profitably made What store of workmen and lab 〈…〉 rers in N 〈…〉 France Their exercise and manner of life Mussels Lobsters Crabs Good prouision of wilde fowle What quantity of Bread and Wine * A kinde of Stag or red Deere The liberall nature of the Sauages What earth is in the Medowes Ellans in the Medowes Poutrincourts discouery Pemptegoet the true name of the fabulous Norombega Kinibeki The Bay of Marchin Confederacy Orignac or Ellan Champlein saith they are like Oxen. The Riuer of Olmechin Port De Chouakoet An Iland of Vines The Riuer of Olmechin The galantnesse of the Sauages Port De la Heue The Sâ—uages doe paint their faces The Oration of Messamoet Messamoets affection to the Frenchmen The largesse and liberality of Messamoet The Sauages be liberall A Corn-countrie Beanes Pumpions and Grapes Bessabes Englishmen Asticou Canoas A very good Port. The agilitie of the Arm 〈…〉 quois Fifes A Sauage wounded Their mouthes and mops about him that was hurt 〈◊〉 The Presents of a Sauage woman Hempe very faire Beanes Quantitie of Grapes The simplicity and ignorance of people Thâ— bad natuâ—eo the Armouchiquois Noâ—e how the Armouchiquois must be dealt withall This the only way to ciuilize Sauages Trust them and hang them nay trust them and they will cut your throat as in the Virginian massacre appeaâ—â—th Suspicion for the comming of Olmechin The trouble of garments Corne sowed and Vines planted 100. Boats of Sauages Malebarre Peril of sholds Note Great antiquity of Grapes Hereupon chap. 7. Two fathames tide onely Danger Oigoudi or S. Iohns Riuer Sauages of sundry Nationâ— vnderstand not one another A forge and an ouen 〈…〉 de A croâ—e set vp Abundance of Larkes fishes Shel-fish Grapes Rush-baskets The triall of Trench weapons before the Sauages Good instruction Port Fortune Râ—solution for the returne Their returne Perill The arriuall of Monsieur de Poutrincourt The state of Corne. How they speÌ„t their winter Câ—ales The vse of the Compasse in land voiages The institution of the Order Bon temps La Rue aux Ours or Beare street is as Pie-corner or such a Cooke place in London Store of Sturgions Before in chap. 113. The vsage of the Sauages The Sauages haue care of the Frenchmen Preseruatiue against Scuruy Bad winde The state of Winâ—er weather Why Raines and Mists be scarse in winter Snow is profitable Frosts when they are The state of Ianuary Conformity of weather in East and West Fraâ—ce The great Frost 1607. Wherefore is the season late Dressing of Gardens Good crop from the ground Abundance of fishes The care of Monsieur de Pouirincourt in prouiding for theÌ„ that should come after him The building of a water-mil Abundance of Herrings Pilchers Preparation for the return Great ouersight Monsieur de Poutrincourt his inuention Bricke made in New France Why the Saâ—â—ges call all French men Noâ—mands Newes out of France and their returne The contents of the Letters written to Monsieur de Poutrincourt The societie of Monsieur de Monts broken and why rincourtâ—is â—is resolution The English Nation going to Virginia with a zealous intent to plant true religion so to increase Christs blessed flock no doubt he will bee their leader Monsieur de Monts is enuied Robbing from the dead The Sauages go to the wars Voyages vpon the Coast of the French Bay Salmons Assembly of Sauages a feasting Filthy trading The subtiltie of an Autmoiâ— or Sauage Southsayer A Myne of Steele Menane Good watch Seales voices The arriuall in the I le of Saint Croix The state of the same Turtles The Sauages of better nature then many Christians A number of Iles.
Sir Seb Cabota his picture in the priâ—e gallerie at White Hall hath â—hese words Effigies Seb. Cabotae Angli filij Ioannis Cabotae Veneti militis aurati c. he was born at Venice and seruing H. 7. H. 8. Ed. 6. was accounted English c. Galpano saith he was borne at Bristol Sir Seb. Cab. Grand Pilot of England Possession continuation prescription The names of aboue 100. are extant in M. Hack. 3. Tome Two former Colonies wholly c. Virginians acknowledge subiection and seruice to the English Right by buying selling and by cession Right by Forfeiture Fatall possession Heb. 11. The Glorie of God in his Word and Workes aduanced by this Plantation * Cicero Ie. 15. Ps. 19. 1. Ps. 92. 4. Ps. 148. 5. Ps. 16. ac 2. E 〈…〉 The workes of God and vaâ—ietie there seen set forth his glorie Propagation of the Gospell rewards therof Ose 2. Iam. 5. 20. Obad. vlt. 2. Cor. 11. 2. Matth. 6. 22. 1. Tim. 4. 8. Answeres to Obiections first to the want of Gold and Siluer Mines * Compare 2 Sam. 24. with 1 Chron. 21. It seemes that there were aboue two millions of men besides women and children Virginias high valuation Cap. Ioh. Smith Answer to the obiected ill successes and causes thereof Iud. 5116. Prou. 13. 10. 1 Tim. 6. The massacre hatâ— been the chiefe cause of later miscarying This number of 1800. was presented by the Companie to the Lords of the Councell Arguments for Virginian plantation as being honorable 1. Religion 〈◊〉 Humanitie 3. Honor of the English Nation 4. Honour of the King 5. Honor of the Kingdome 6. Argument of profit generally propounded Illustrated by the Castilian greatnesse Vpon lesse probabilities See Ouiedo our sixth Book Their greatest benefit in commodities not in Mines to the common subiect The Earle had purposed to leaue Sir Iohn Barkley with a Garrison to hold it but a great sicknesse and mortalitie consuming most of his men he was forced to leaue the place to bring home his ships I finde this in a written Extâ—â—ct of all the Ports shipping Cities Men c. of Spaine which sometimes belonged to that industrious Gentleman M. W. Burrough Controller of the Nauie Arg. 7. from necessiâ—ie by our multitudes Arguments of particular coÌ„modities and commodiousnesse 1. The same climate with best Countries 2. Temperate 3. Large extension 4. Commodious diuision of Lands and Riuers Bay of Chesepeake 5. Fertile soile 6. Trees for timber and other vses many 7. Specially for Silkes 8. And for Wines Iuly 9. A. R. 20. See sup c. 15. 9. Iust aduantage from the Sauages to make vse of their labours 10. Drugs and diuers other commodities 11. Iron mines 12. Timbers for all vses 13. More especially for building both houses ship 14. The manifold materialls for shipping 15. Sauing of expenses and freeing from dangers in forreine Countries 16. Imployment and 〈…〉 ding of Mariners 17. Many probabilities by transplantation of cattell fruits c. exemplified by Spaniards 18. The Countrie cattell beasts not only for vse there but Merchandise hâ—re * Cap. Smith tels of 1000. Basses at a draught M. Rolse of 5000. the least of two foot long 300. as big as Cod by Sir T. Dale 19. Benefits by fishing D. D. Brit. Monarchie Et quae non prosunt singula multa inuant 20. Tobacco A Booke presented to the Parliament by Master Bennet It is said that some maliciously father all their bad Tobacco on Virginia and Bermuda â—nd thâ— go 〈…〉 â—rom thence â—n Spanish 〈◊〉 21. Hopes of future Tâ—â—â—e for clothes other English commodities 22. Manifold necessities of these times 25. Nâ—cessarie for streng thening other Plantations 24. Probâ—bilities of a South Sea passage mame manie commodities thereoy 25. Necessitie of mâ—intaining Virginia in case of war forcâ—d â—y others South Sea why so called * See sup the end of the 4. Booke Dermers Letter in this * M. Thomas Turner an English Merchant liuing then in Portugall in name of an Almaine Q Elizabeths praises Acosta l. 3. c. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ouiedo Summary Gen. hist. l. 2. Hereras Descri of Ind. 〈◊〉 2. 3. The brises and course of Nauigation Eddy windes Disaduantage to our Ships of warre by want of some such Plantation as this is and may be whence ma ny Voyages were frustrated in part or wholly S. Seb. Sabot Anno 1517. Ouiedo Gen. hist. l. 19. c. 13. Master Hore 1536. Sir Io. Hawkins 1564. 1567. Spanish perfidie Spanish crueltiâ— Cap. Lancaster 1591. Cap. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1596. Santâ—s of 〈◊〉 Orient◠〈◊〉 East Indie societie The Conclusion Briefe recapitulation of the most remarkable premisses Ex. 13. Es. 11. 1. Ca. Challon 2. Cap. Hanam sent by Lord Chiefe Iustice Popham 3. Cap. Popham Cap. Gilbert Sir Iohn Pophams death Captaine Pophams death Death of the Plantation Sir Fr. Popham Frenchmen plant there Sir Sa. Argall Noua Scotia Cap. Hobson imployed with Cap. Herley c. 1611. Hunts Sauage hunting of Sauages Friers charitie Wicked effects of wickednes Cap. I. Smith Cap. Mason Gouernor in New found land Plantation Cap. Rocraft French seized Conspiracie Conspirators â—â—ft Sawaguatock Menehighon Barke sunke Rocraftâ—â—aine â—â—aine Cap. Darmers voiage Necessi ie of a Deck in Pinnaces of discouerie Hollanders in Hudsons Riuer Darmers discoueries New Patent thought on Dermer betraied by Sauages See sup his owne letter to me His death Peaceable Plantation by his meanes Patentrenewed Temperate Climate Fertile Soile Commodious Coast. Fowle Deere The Mosse a strange Beast described Mount Mansell How they take the Mosse or Musse Commodities Seuerall Plantations along the Coast. Thirtie saile 1622. Madera Saint Lucia Fortie English slaine by Sauages 1605. See the storie sup pag. 1255. Dominica Friar Blascus his request Three gallions lost at Guadalupa Causes of yeerly sending of Friars out of Spaine Gold in Dominica They land 〈◊〉 Friar on Port Rico. They by vnhappy hap fall amongst Spanish ships They are borded taken and abused King Iames his name little respected by Spaniards French courtesie Their imprisonment Hard hearted Spaniard Cruell imâ—â—nitie Spanish Presidents respect to the English Honest Spaniards Three ships cast away Cap. Iohn Legat of Plimmouth Mutine Cap. Legat slaine by his mutinous crew which knew not when they had done to bring home their ship and so stumbled on Spanish iusticers I haue heard him much commended for a proper and expert Sea-man Proofe 1. 1614. Proofe 2. 1615. Proofe 3. 1615. Proofe 4. 1616. Proofe 5. 1616. Proofe 6. 1616. Proofe 7. 1617. Proofe 8. 1618. Proofe 9. 1619. Proofe 10. 1620 A Plantation in New England Proofe 11. 1620 Proofe 12. 1620 A Letter from New Plimoth Proofe 13. 1622 For this yeere 1622. Opechancanough taken in â—he midst of his armie as Atabalipa was by Piçarra 1622. Sep. 6. 1620. No. 9. Cape Cod. Ill Landing Sight of Sauages A Deere and water Sepulchers Kettle and Corne found Pâ—lizado They returne Deuise to catch Deere Cold Harbour Note
Souldiers 40. Mariners 19. great Peeces and all the rest S. Gabriel of the Port of 280. tuns 50. Souldiers 25. Mariners 9. great Peeces and the rest of their furniture The Esay is fraughted of the same There are in this Squadron 23. Hulkes which are of 10271. tuns in the which are imbarked 3221. men of Warre 708. Mariners 410. great peeces and their necessary prouision The Captaine of our Lord of Pilier of Zaragosse of 300. tunnes 120. Souldiers 50. Mariners 12. great Peeces and their furniture The English Charity of 180. tuns 80. Souldiers 36. Mariners 12. great Peeces and the rest The Scottish S. Andrew of 150. tuns 51. Souldiers 30. Mariners 12. great Peeces and their furniture The Patache of the Crucifix 150. tuns 50. Souldiers 30. Mariners 8. great Peeces and their furniture Our Lord of the Hauen fraught alike The Conception of Carassa and our Lord of Begoua and the Conception de Capitillo and S. Hioros being of the burthen of 60. or 70. tuns 50. Souldiers 30. Mariners 8. great Peeces a Peece and their furniture Our Lady of grace the Conception of Frauncys Lastero our Lady of Guadalupe S. Frauncys the Holy Spirit our Lady of Frenesda all fraughted alike The Zabra of the Trinitie the Zabra of our Lady Castre S. Andrew the Conception of Zomartiba S. Clere S. Iohn of Carassa and the Assumption all fraughted alike There are in this Squadron 22. Pataches and Zabres which are of the burthen of 113. tuns in the which there are imbarked 479. Souldiers 574. Mariners and therâ— is 193. great Peeces and all their furniture THe Galeace the Captaine called S. Lawrence hath 270. Souldiers 130. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. Peeces of Canon and their furniture The Galeace Patrone 180. Souldiers 112. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces and their furniture The Galeace Gâ—rone 170. Souldiers 120. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces The Galeace Neapolitaine 124. Souldiers 115. Mariners 300. Slaues 50. great Peeces and the rest of their necessary fraught There are in these foure Galeaces 873. Souldiers 468. Mariners 200. great Peeces 1200. Slaues and the rest of their furniture The Gally Captaine 110. Souldiers 106. Mariners 306. Slaues and fiftie great Peeces and other necessaries The Gally Princesse the Gally Diana the Gally Vacaâ—a are the like In the aboue named Galeaces there are 1200. Slaues and in the foure gallies 888. which is in all 2088. Moreouer they carry powder for their need if it be offered to doe battery 600. Quintals So that there are in the said Army 130. Ships of 57868. tuns 19295. Souldiers and 8450. Mariners 2088. Slaues and 2630. great Peeces of Brasse of all sorts among which there are Coleurines and de my Coleurines and Canons to the Stone and other necessaries for their fraught In the Booke follow the names of the Aduenturers also of such as in the Army were entertained for pay such also as were imbarked for the seruice of the Canon for the Hospitall the Râ—giments and Companies in pay the Officers c. which for breuitie Iâ—â—it The Galeons were sixtie foure in number being of an huge bignesse and verie stately built being of marueilous force also and so high that they resembled great Castles most fit 〈◊〉 defend themselues and to withstand any assault but in giuing any other Ships the encounter farre inferiour vnto the English and Dutch Ships which can with great dexteritie weild turne themselues at all ass 〈…〉 The vpper worke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength sufficient to beare off Musket-shot The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of measure strong being framed for plankes and ribs foure or fiue foot in thicknesse insomuch that no bullets could pierce them but such as were discharged hard at hand which afterward proued true for a great number of bullets were found to sticke fast within the massie substance of those thicke plankes Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the masts of their Ships to strengthen them against the battery of shot The Galliasses were of such bignesse that they contained within them Chambers Chappels Turrets Pulpits and other commodities of great houses The Galliasses were rowed with great Oares there being in each of them 300. slaues for the same purpose and were able to â—ot great seruice with the force of their Ordnance All these together with the residue 〈◊〉 were furnished and beautified with Trumpets Streamers Banners warlike Ensignes and other such like ornaments Their Pieces of Brasen Ordnance were 1600. and of 〈◊〉 1000. The Bullets there to belonging were 120. thousand Item of Gunpowder 5600. quintals Of Match 1200. quintals Of Muskets and Kalâ—â—uers 7000. Of Halberts and Partisans 10000. Moreouer they had great store of Canons double Canons Culuerings and field-pieces for land seruice Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on Land to conueigh and transport their furniture from place to place as namely of Carbs Wheeles Wagons c. Also they had Spades Mattocks and Baskets to set pioners on worke They had in like sort great store of Mules and Horses and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a Land-armie They were so well stored of Biscuit that for the space of halfe a yeere they might allow each person in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall euery moneth whereof the whole 〈◊〉 amounteth vnto an hundreth thousand quintals Likewise of Wine they had 147. thousand Pipes sufficient also for halfe a yeeres expedition Of Bacon 6500. quintals Of Cheese three thousand quintals Besides Fish Rice Beanes Pease Oyle Vinegar c. Moreouer they had 12000. Pipes of fresh water and all other necessarie prouision as namely Candies Lanternes Lampes Saâ—les Hempe Oxe-hides and Lead to stop holes that should be made with the batterie of Gunâ—hot To be short they brought all things expedient either for a Fleete by Sea or for an Aâ—â—ie by land This Name as Diego Pimentelli afterward confessed was esteemed by the King himselfe to containe 32000. persons and to cost him euery day 30. thousand Ducates There were in the said Nauie fiue Terzaes of Spaniards which Terzaes the Frenchmen call Regiments vnder the command of fiue Gouernours tearmed by the Spaniards Masters of the field and amongst the rest there were many old and expert Souldiers chosen out of the Garrisons of Sicilie Naples and Terçera Their Captaines or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli Don Francisco de Toledo Don Alonzo de Lucon Don Nicolas de Isla Don Augustin de Mexia who had each of them two and thirty Companies vnder their conduct Besides the which Companies there were many bands also of Castilians and Portugals euery one of which had their peculiar Gouernours Captaines Officers Colours and weapons It was not lawfull for any man vnder grieuous penaltie to carry any woman or harlots in the Fleete for which cause the women hired certaine Ships wherein they sailed after the Nauie some of the which being driuen by tempest arriued vpon
the coast of France The Generall of this mightie Nauie was Don Alonso Perez de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia Lord of S. Lucar and Knight of the golden Fleece by reason that the Marquesse of Santa Cruz appointed for the same dignity deceased before the time Iohn Martines de Ricalde was Admirall of the Fleete Francis Bouadilla was chiefe Marshall who all of them had their officers fit and requisite for the guiding and managing of such a multitude Likewise Martin Alorcon was appointed Vicar generall of the Inquisition being accompanied with more â—hen a hundreth Monkes to wit Iesuites Capuchines and Friers Mendicant Besides whom also there were Phisitians Chirurgians Apothecaries and whatsoeuer else pertained vnto the Hospitall Ouer and besides the forenamed Gouernours and Officers being men of chiefe note there were 124 very noble and worthy Gentlemen which went voluntarily of their owne costs and charges to the end they might see fashions learne experience and attaine vnto glory Amongst whom was the Prince of Ascoli Alonzo de Leiua the Marquesse de Pennafiel the Marquesse de Ganes the Marquesse de Barlango Count de Paredes Count de Yeluas and diuers other Marqueses and Earles of the honorable families of Mendoza of Toledo of Pachicco of Cordono of Guzman of Manriques and a great number of others I haue by me the Dukes Orders for the whole Nauie during this Voyage made aboord the Gallion Saint Martin May 28. the beginning whereof I haue added the whole would be too long Don ALONSO PERES DE GVSMAN the good Duke of Medina Sidonia Countie of Nebla Marquesse of Casheshe in Africa Lord of the Citie Saint Lucar Captaine Generall of the Occian Sea of the Coast of Andaluzia and of this Armie of his Maiestie and Knight of the honorable Order of the golden Fleece I Doe ordaine and command that the generall Masters of the field all Captaines of the Sea Pilats Masters Souldiers Mariners and Officers and whatsoeuer other people for the Land or Sea seruice commeth in this Armie all the time that it indureth shall be thus gouerned as hereafter followeth viz. First and before all things it is to be vnderstood by all the aboue named from the highest to the lowest that the principall foundation and cause that hath moued the King his Maiestie to make and continue this iournie hath beene and is to serue God and to returne vnto his Church a great many of contrite soules that are oppressed by the Heretikes enemies of our holy Catholike faith which haue them subiects to their sects and vnhappinesse and for that euery one may put his eyes vpon this marke as we are bound I doe command and much desire euery one to giue charge vnto the inferiors and those vnder their charge to imbarke themselues being shriuen and hauing receiued the Sacrament with competent and contrition for their sinnes by the which contrition and zeale to doe God such great seruice he will carry and guide vs to his great glory which is that which particularly and principally is pretended In like manner I doe charge and command you to haue particular care that no Soldier Marriner or other that serueth in this Armie doe blaspheme or rage against God or our Lady or any of the Saints vpon paine that he shall therefore sharply be corrected and very well chastened as it shall seeme best vnto vs and for other oathes of lesse qualitie the Gouernours in the same Ships they goe in shall procure to remedy all they shall punish them in taking away their allowance of Wine or otherwise as they shall thinke good And for that the most occasions come by play you shall publikly prohibit it especially the games that are forbidden and that none doe play in the night by no meanes Articles follow to suppresse quarrels to auoid disgracing any man and all occasions of scandall forbidding carriage of common women with other orders for watchwords attendance on the Admirall for fire and wilde-fire and lights armours shâ—â— powder match and other necessary instructions too long to be here particularised that in the height of humaine policie and religious hypocrisie the hand of God in Englands preseruation may be made euident While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie the Duke of Parma at the direction of King Philip made great preparation in the low Countries to giue aide and assistance vnto the Spaniards building Ships for the same purpose and sending for Pilots and Ship wrights out of Italy In Flanders he caused certaine deepe channels to be made and among the rest the channell of Yper commonly called Yper-lee employing some thousands of workemen about that seruice to the end that by the said Cannell he might transport Ships from Antwerp and Ghendt to Bruges where he had assembled aboue a hundreth small Ships called Hoyes being well stored with victuals which Hoyes he was determined to haue brought into the Sea by the way of Sluys or else to haue conueied them by the said Yper-lee being now of greater depth into any port of Flanders whatsoeuer In the Riuer of Waten he caused 70. Ships with flat bottomes to be built euery one of which should serue to carry 30. horses hauing each of them Bridges likewise for the Horses to come on boord or to goe forth on land Of the same fashion he had prouided 200. other vessels at Neiuport but not so great And at Dunkerk he procured 28. Ships of warre such as were there to be had and caused a sufficient number of Mariners to be leuied at Hamburg Breme Emdâ—n and at other places He put in the ballast of the said Ships great store of beames of thicke plankes being hollow and beset with Iron pikes beneath but on each side full of claspes and hookes to ioyne them together He had likewise at Graueling prouided 20. thousand of caske which in a short space might be compact and ioyned together with nailes and cords and reduced into the forme of a Bridge To be short whatsoeuer things were requisite for the making of Bridges and for the barring stopping vp of Hauens mouthes with stakes posts and other meanes he commanded to be made ready Moreouer not far from Neinport hauen he had caused a great pile of wooden fagots to be laid and other furniture to be brought for the rearing vp of a Mount The most part of his Ships contained two Ouens a peece to bake Bread in with a great number of saddles bridles and such other like apparell for Horses They had Horses likewise which after their landing should serue to conuey and draw engines field-pieces and other warlike prouisions Neeere vnto Neiuport he had assembled an armie ouer the which hee had ordained Camillo de Monte to be Camp-master This army consisted of 30. bands or ensignes of Italians of ten bands of Wallons eight of Scots and eight of Burgundians all which together amount vnto 56. bands euery band containing a hundreth persons Neere vnto Dixmud there
time before they had carried all away Besides a great scorne and disgrace wee should doe our selues to enterprise nothing vpon them that had begun the warres shooting first at vs as we roade at ancor and then after their bringing downe to the water side so many Auncients did proudly as it were inuite vs to assaile them if we durst hauing withall hung out a red Flagge of defiance from the top of the high Fort. The hope of the wealth of this good Towne and the ransoming of Houses and Prisoners together with those brauadoes which they shewed did so set on fire all our Mariners and Souldiers as that they began to mutine and raile on the Reare Admirall and at all the Commanders there taxing them for these delaies as not daring to attempt the taking thereof Besides they were the more eagerly set vpon the spoile and gaining of this Towne and Fort for that they saw no great likelihood of benefit by this Voyage but what was gotten ashoare in the Islands In conclusion albeit we heard no newes of our Generall in two dayes more expectation yet at the counsell of Captaines which our Reare Admirall had assembled some of them varied much from the common desire and would by no meanes assent to the landing without my Lord Generall his knowledge And of this opinion was Sir Guilly Mericke Sir Nicholas Parker and some other Captaines Our Reare Admirall with Sir William Brooke my selfe Sir William Haruey and other Gentlemen and Commanders of our Reare Admirall his Squadron called to this consulation were of a contrary opinion iudging that my Lord Generall would repute vs but Idlers and Cowards to lye so long before so good a Towne with so many Ships and men and to doe nothing in his absence seeing them hourely before our eyes so fast to carry and packe away their goods and wealth And this was also 〈…〉 e common opinion and b 〈…〉 te as well of the multitude as of the Low Countrie Captaines But yet the violent and earnest perswasions of Sir Guillie Merricke did so preuaile with vs vrging our obedience and duetie to our Generall as that we staied from the Enterprise at that time and expected our Generals comming one day longer especially for that they perswaded vs if his Lordship came not the next day then themselues would also land with vs. Which when we had also expected in vain and the winde changing somewhat vnfit for that Roade our Reare Admirall and diuers of his Squadron and many other of the Ships following him weied and coasted about the point to the North-west side of the Island some foure miles further from the Towne then we were before and there let fall our ancors being then a better Roade then the first as the winde was changed But Sir Guillie Merricke with some fiue or sixe Ships of his consorts staied still in the first Roade and would not budge When we had in this sort changed our Roade and being now the fourth day of our arriuall before Fayall which was not aboue a daies sailing from the place from whence our Generall sent for vs wee might see before vs a very fine and pleasant Countrie full of little Villages and fruitfull fields and therefore we much desired to refresh our selues aland there with victuals and water as our Generall had promised we should doe when we came to Fayall and as diuers others had done before vs at Flores and as we had then but that we were called away to Fayall by Captaine Champernownes sodaine message from the Generall as was aforesaid And in truth we were in great want of fresh water which we had not renued since our setting out from Plimouth All these occasions considered and we being now retired from the Towne and Forts we all resolued that wee might without offence with a few of our owne men goe ashoare and refresh our selues and seeke for water whereupon we manned a Barge a long Boate and a Pinnace with threescore Muskets and forty Pikes rather to guard our selues in our landing and watering with discretion then expecting any encounter or resistance from the Towne or Forts on the other side of the Island But our men were no sooner placed in our Boates and all things ordered and we ready to put off from the Ships side but we might discouer sixe Auncients of foote and some dosen Horsemen comming on a speedy march from the Towne and Forts directly towards the place where wee were to make our discent for from one side of the high Fort on the Mountaine they might also ouerlooke vs where our ships roade and discouer all our preparation When we had a while aduised of this new Brauado that they went about and saw them still to come on faster with so many strong companies of men or at the least the bodies of men furnished with womens hearts and had made such haste as that they possessed themselues of the Trenches and Flankers where we were to land and there had placed their Companies and Collors attending our approach as they made shew by wauing their Swords and displaying their Auncients in great brauery for doubtlesse they thought we feard to land in their faces because we lay so long before the Town and neuer attempted any thing and were so shrunke aside off after they had prouoked vs so with great shot and many other affronts we seeing that pâ—â—portion of an hundred men prouided onely to guard our watering to be too few to assault and win a landing vpon so many in a place of so great disaduantage and yet disdaining to goe backe or make any shew of feare our Reare Admirall in his Barge rowed to Sir William Brookes Ship and to Sir William Harueyes and desired them and some other Sea Captaines to accompany him in landing with such men as conueniently they could furnish For said he seeing these Spaniards and Portugals are so gallant to seeke and follow vs and to keepe vs from watering wee will try our fortunes with them and either win our landing or gaine a beating Sir William Brooke Sir William Haruey and some others very willingly assented and presently there were made ready with shot and Pike one hundred and sixtie men more in Boates. And after this our Reare Admirall rowing by Captaine Bret Sidney White Berry and other Captaines of the Low Countrie Souldiers that were there abrood in other Ships they all cried out to take them and their companies with them assuring him that if he aduentured to land with Mariners and with his owne attendants without some Companies of Land Souldiers hee would receiue a disgrace He answered that he durst not take any of my Lord Generall his company of the Low Countries no knowing in what seruice he ment to vse them but he was resolued with the Gentlemen and company of his owne Squadron first to make a discent and then to call them and send Boates for them if he proceeded any further and that neither my Lord Generall nor
any of his traine should haue cause to be ashamed of vs for vndertaking that in the face of our Enemies which we durst not follow and performe And therefore told those Captaines that hee would first attempt to win a landing and then after if they could but second him ashoare with two hundred men more hee would vndertake to lodge them that night in the Towne and the next night after in the Forts These Captaines were all glad of the newes and promised to come after vs if we would send our Boates for them for most of their Ships had lost their Boates with foule weather This order and direction being giuen we hasted as fast as our Oares could ply without the company of any Low Countrie Souldiers being as I said two hundred and sixty strong and the enemy more then the double as many to the landing place which was first guarded with a mighty ledge of Rockes some forty paces long into the Sea and afterwards trenched and flanked with earth and stone and onely a narrow lane betweene two wals left for our Entrance But withall we caused some of our Pinnaces that carried Ordnance to lye as close to the shoare as they could to flanke and beate vpon them in their trenches a little before and iust as wee made our approach which we found to good purpose and as well performed especially by one Captaine Banker in a fine Flee Boate of the Flemmish Squadron But if there had bin but one hundred Low Countrie Spaniards at that defence it had cost many of our liues yet perhaps haue missed our purpose too For a small company with any resolution might haue made good that place against a farre greater force then ours were at that time But as we made onwards with our Boats the shot plaied so thicke vpon vs as that in truth the Mariners would scarce come forwards hauing the lesser liking to the businesse the neerer they came to it And in like sort did I see some there stagger and stand blanke that before made great shewes and would gladly be taken for valiant Leaders and some of these our Reare Admirall did not spare to call vpon openly and rebuke aloud with disgracefull words seeing their basenesse And withall finding a generall amazement amongst the Mariners and as it were a stay amongst all the Boates well p 〈…〉 ceiuing that this manner of houering was both more disgracefull and also more vnsafe lying so open to the enemies shot which through feare and amazement the Mariners and Rowers neither obserued nor vnderstood with a loud voice commanded his Watermen to rowe in full vpon the Rockes and bad as many as were not afraid to follow him Hereupon some Boates ran in with vs and out of them there landed Master Garret a Pentioner now Earle of Kildare a Noble and valiant Gentleman Sir William Brooke Sir William Haruey Sir Iohn Scot Master Duke Brooke Captaine Henry Thinne Captaine White Master Thomas Rugeway Master Walter Chute Captaine Arthur Radford Master Henry Allen. Captaine William Morgan Master Charles Mackart and diuers other Gentlemen whose names I would not omit if I could call them all to minde And so clambring ouer the rockes and wading through the water we passed pell mell with Swords Shot and Pikes vpon the narrow Entrance Whereupon those that were at the defence after some little resistance began to shrinke and then seeing vs to come faster on vpon them suddenly retiring cast away their weapons turned their backes and fled and the like did the rest in the higher Trenches and quickly recouered the hils and the woods being a people very swift and nimble of foote for we could take none of them but such as after yeelded vnto vs. And as for their Auncients we could not recouer one for the Horsemen that they had carried them cleane away And in this sort we gained both our landing and our Enemies Trenches In which attempt some few men were drowned and slaine diuers hurt and two long Boates bulged and lost And after that we saw all things cleare we assembled our Troopes together and refreshed ourselues with such comfort as we had there which done we sent backe our Boates for those Low Countrie Captaines afterward who vpon their arriuall congratulated our good successe in taking so strong a peece of ground fortified and guarded with so many men When these Captaines were come vnto vs we then tooke our selues to be a prettie Armie being then in strength to the number of foure hundred and sixtie well armed and appointed whereof there were of Captaines and Gentlemen of good sort thirty or forty which gaue great life to the businesse And hauing done so much already we then thought it the best way to goe through with the matter and to prepare the Towne in a readinesse for our Generall and to make our selues Burgesses thereof in the meane season and therefore our Reare Admirall appointed Captaine Bret to vse the Office of Sergeant Maior and gaue direction to the other Captaines to aduance their Colours and to call their Companies together in a readinesse and so putting our Troopes in order we marched directly toward the Towne where by the way diuers of these same very Spaniards and Portugals that a little before so braued vs came and rendred themselues in great humility with white Napkins on the end of stickes all whom wee receiued and well intreated vsing some for Guides and some for our Carriages and others to fetch vs in fresh Victuals and Fruites And it is worth the noting to see the farre differing humors vpon the change of Fortunes in these Spaniards and Portugals For where they conquer or command no people are so proud and insolent and when they are once mastered and subdued no Nation of the world so base or fuller of seruile crouching and obseruance as though on a sodaine Nature had framed them in a new mould so soone in an instant will they fall from soueraigntie to slauery And surely at home they are in generall but a baggage people tamorous and very vnwarlike As we haue well experienced by seuerall inuasions whereof one Army was conducted by Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake to Lisbona and the other by the Earle of Essex and the Lord Admirall Howard to Cadis without any resistance encounter in the field or show of assayling our forces by battaile all the while we stated there But afterwards with a little hardening and hartening in the Warres wee see them proue very braue and valiant Souldiers This Towne was some foure miles from this landing place and all the Country in which wee marched very champion with pretty little rising hils and all the fields ouer full of Mellons Potatoes and other Fruites Betweene vs and the Towne was this high Fort whereof I spake before and that other Fort at the end of the Towne By these two we were resolued to passe the better thereby to discouer