Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	court_n	judge_n	1,450	5	7.1812	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A69789	The history of Poland. vol. 2 in several letters to persons of quality, giving an account of the antient and present state of that kingdom, historical, geographical, physical, political and ecclesiastical ... : with sculptures, and a new map after the best geographers : with several letters relating to physick / by Bern. Connor ... who, in his travels in that country, collected these memoirs from the best authors and his own observations ; publish'd by the care and assistance of Mr. Savage.	Connor, Bernard, 1666?-1698.; Savage, John, 1673-1747.	1698 (1698)	Wing C5889; ESTC R8630	198,540	426

the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a

oblige_v to_o have_v a_o calash_n with_o two_o horse_n wherein_o they_o must_v carry_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o provision_n their_o bed_n quilt_n bolster_n sheet_n and_o the_o like_a be_v general_o put_v into_o a_o large_a serge_n bag_n which_o afterward_o serve_v they_o instead_o of_o a_o seat_n in_o the_o calash_n also_o they_o must_v provide_v a_o case_n for_o bottle_n of_o what_o drink_v they_o please_v and_o a_o basket_n with_o a_o lid_n for_o their_o meat_n bread_n etc._n etc._n they_o must_v moreover_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o every_o individual_a thing_n that_o they_o may_v have_v occasion_n for_o and_o take_v care_n to_o renew_v what_o they_o have_v exhaust_v whenever_o they_o have_v the_o first_o opportunity_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v have_v in_o these_o karczma_n but_o that_o indifferent_a lodging_n i_o mention_v respect_n thus_o your_o lordship_n may_v perceive_v that_o one_o that_o travel_v in_o poland_n must_v as_o it_o be_v carry_v his_o whole_a house_n along_o with_o he_o and_o beside_o undergo_v not_o a_o few_o incommodity_n to_o boot_v however_o when_o a_o man_n be_v thus_o provide_v he_o may_v travel_v at_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a expense_n for_o lodging_n as_o indeed_o it_o ought_v not_o cost_v but_o very_o little_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o pay_v for_o any_o thing_n else_o because_o it_o can_v be_v get_v the_o reason_n i_o suppose_v be_v that_o the_o gentry_n of_o the_o country_n never_o offer_v to_o pay_v for_o what_o they_o call_v for_o and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o force_v they_o to_o it_o so_o that_o where_o they_o ask_v for_o any_o thing_n the_o gospodar_n always_o put_v they_o off_o with_o a_o nie_n masz_n that_o be_v i_o have_v nothing_o yet_o nevertheless_o when_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o spare_v they_o will_v free_o give_v part_n of_o it_o to_o stranger_n though_o general_o there_o be_v but_o few_o traveller_n in_o that_o country_n they_o provide_v only_o for_o their_o own_o family_n when_o foreigner_n happen_v to_o want_v for_o provision_n they_o usual_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o dvour_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o village_n who_o forthwith_o supply_v they_o gratis_o travel_v poland_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o champagne_n country_n a_o galash_n and_o two_o horse_n will_v rid_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ground_n there_o in_o a_o day_n some_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v so_o provident_a as_o to_o drive_v their_o own_o calash_n themselves_o but_o of_o these_o there_o be_v but_o few_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o inn_n they_o common_o put_v their_o horse_n to_o grass_n because_o the_o gospodarz_n will_v not_o be_v easy_o induce_v to_o trust_v they_o for_o hay_o there_o be_v some_o likewise_o that_o travel_n on_o horseback_n with_o a_o quilt_n for_o their_o bed_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a broad_a lay_v under_o their_o saddle_n they_o common_o employ_v the_o gospodarz_n to_o fetch_v they_o in_o beer_n bread_n and_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o and_o which_o service_n they_o must_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o they_o at_o their_o peril_n travel_v be_v here_o so_o easy_a to_o the_o gentry_n that_o it_o cost_v they_o little_a or_o nothing_o remedy_v a_o traveller_n will_v do_v well_o to_o take_v more_o than_o ordinary_a care_n in_o pass_v over_o bridge_n in_o this_o country_n because_o they_o be_v general_o very_o bad_a and_o seldom_o repair_v in_o winter_n there_o be_v no_o travel_v without_o a_o case_n for_o one_o foot_n the_o air_n be_v excessive_a sharp_a and_o keen_a this_o case_n be_v general_o a_o fur_a sack_n though_o horseman_n content_v themselves_o with_o thick_a boot_n have_v some_o straw_n in_o they_o to_o keep_v their_o foot_n warm_a they_o also_o take_v a_o good_a large_a sip_n of_o strong_a water_n before_o they_o mount_v in_o pass_v over_o the_o ice_n especial_o when_o there_o be_v snow_n upon_o it_o one_o must_v take_v care_n to_o procure_v a_o sledge_n to_o put_v the_o calash_n or_o coach_n in_o which_o be_v always_o draw_v by_o horse_n boor_n in_o winter_n likewise_o one_o shall_v find_v it_o a_o hard_a matter_n to_o rest_v a-nights_o especial_o on_o holiday_n because_o then_o all_o the_o peasant_n of_o the_o village_n be_v gather_v together_o to_o carouse_n and_o make_v merry_a in_o that_o room_n where_o you_o be_v oblige_v to_o lodge_v for_o want_v of_o a_o fire_n elsewhere_o for_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v no_o sleep_v without_o nay_o as_o i_o say_v before_o scarce_o with_o it_o though_o a_o man_n be_v common_o very_o weary_a when_o he_o come_v off_o a_o journey_n these_o drunkard_n make_v such_o a_o contain_v din_n in_o your_o ear_n with_o their_o excessive_a sing_n and_o dance_v about_o the_o room_n nose_n i_o shall_v have_v observe_v to_o your_o lordship_n that_o sometime_o in_o winter_n traveller_n nose_n be_v freeze_v with_o the_o extreme_a cold_a when_o they_o must_v take_v immediate_a care_n to_o apply_v snow_n to_o they_o for_o shall_v they_o sudden_o enter_v into_o a_o warm_a room_n without_o so_o do_v they_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o know_v endanger_v lose_v they_o country_n before_o i_o conclude_v this_o account_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o pole_n i_o may_v reasonable_o inform_v your_o lordship_n of_o the_o manner_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a of_o the_o lithuanian_n samogitian_n prussian_n etc._n etc._n especial_o where_o they_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o poland_n lithuania_n that_o we_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a roman_n say_v michalon_n a_o lithuanian_a author_n be_v past_a doubt_n since_o our_o language_n be_v almost_o half_a latin_a and_o we_o not_o long_o since_o have_v the_o same_o custom_n and_o ceremony_n as_o burn_v the_o dead_a divine_v by_o augur_n and_o such_o like_a superstition_n nay_o which_o we_o still_o retain_v continue_v he_o in_o many_o part_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o by_o worship_v the_o god_n esculapius_n under_o the_o form_n of_o a_o serpent_n this_o author_n reckon_v up_o a_o great_a many_o word_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n at_o present_a in_o lithuania_n as_o they_o have_v former_o in_o rome_n he_o think_v likewise_o the_o roman_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n be_v under_o julius_n caesar_n and_o vouch_v florus_n for_o a_o proof_n he_o also_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o country_n be_v call_v the_o great_a duchy_n proceed_v from_o the_o great_a number_n of_o duke_n inhabit_v therein_o there_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o lithuania_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n adjudge_v in_o all_o real_a action_n go_v always_o to_o the_o judge_n box_n thence_o call_v peressud_v a_o close_a chest_n which_o be_v immediate_o to_o be_v pay_v down_o in_o court_n but_o in_o personal_a action_n he_o claim_v half_o the_o damage_n give_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n murder_n etc._n etc._n be_v punish_v by_o mulct_n only_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o poland_n if_o the_o murderer_n fly_v it_o be_v usual_a to_o preserve_v the_o dead_a carcase_n for_o that_o he_o can_v be_v condemn_v till_o he_o have_v be_v show_v the_o body_n of_o the_o person_n he_o have_v slay_v also_o a_o judge_n here_o have_v all_o steal_v good_n wherever_o find_v judge_n these_o judge_n be_v now_o appoint_v to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v in_o poland_n though_o there_o be_v former_o but_o two_o in_o all_o lithuania_n both_o palatine_n and_o who_o have_v no_o peculiar_a place_n of_o residence_n assign_v so_o that_o all_o that_o have_v business_n with_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v they_o though_o never_o so_o far_o distant_a but_o these_o palatine_n have_v their_o deputy_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o sit_v and_o adjudge_v difference_n at_o public_a fea_z 〈…〉_z but_o who_o nevertheless_o have_v always_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o fill_n of_o their_o peressud_v than_o either_o to_o the_o justice_n or_o innocence_n of_o the_o person_n offend_v or_o offend_a other_o particular_n relate_v to_o these_o matter_n i_o have_v omit_v for_o brevity_n sake_n although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o differ_v from_o the_o law_n of_o other_o country_n presume_v they_o may_v not_o probable_o be_v acceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n and_o the_o public_a but_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n of_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rustic_n citizen_n first_o than_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o the_o lithuanian_a gentry_n be_v chief_o owe_v for_o their_o privilege_n to_o jagello_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o alexander_n his_o successor_n in_o lithuania_n both_o which_o prince_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o bring_v the_o native_n to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n bestow_v on_o their_o nobility_n the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o

about_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a councillor_n next_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n or_o minister_n of_o state_n meet_v twice_o every_o year_n that_o be_v on_o the_o epipbany_n and_o trinity_n monday_n at_o mittaw_n and_o sit_v at_o least_o five_o week_n to_o exercise_n and_o do_v justice_n the_o first_o week_n be_v usual_o spend_v in_o state-counsel_n where_o the_o prince_n presence_n and_o authority_n be_v likewise_o require_v the_o second_o be_v take_v up_o in_o judge_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o three_o in_o determine_v criminal_n case_n the_o four_o in_o settle_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o the_o five_o in_o hear_v complaint_n of_o and_o receive_v petition_n from_o the_o subject_n justice_n the_o degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n in_o city_n in_o all_o extraordinary_a matter_n be_v these_o first_o the_o gentry_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o supreme_a starosta_n for_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o inferior_a starostas_n have_v little_a jurisdiction_n but_o in_o small_a matter_n second_o in_o case_n of_o appeal_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o supreme_a councillor_n court_n in_o criminal_a case_n where_o the_o life_n of_o any_o nobleman_n be_v concern_v immediate_a application_n be_v make_v to_o this_o court_n and_o the_o four_o supreme_a starostas_n be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v there_o if_o any_o of_o these_o starostas_n happen_v to_o be_v absent_a one_o that_o be_v inferior_a may_v be_v depute_v in_o his_o room_n three_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v both_o in_o criminal_a and_o civil_a case_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n which_o the_o curlander_n term_v judicia_fw-la postcurialia_a court_n ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o four_o supreme_a councillor_n before_o mention_v in_o conjunction_n with_o a_o sur-intendant_a and_o four_o provost_n court_n the_o inferior_a city_n court_v belong_v to_o the_o city_n magistracy_n or_o to_o the_o neighbour_a starostas_n within_o who_o jurisdiction_n the_o offender_n live_v appeal_v in_o these_o trivial_a court_n can_v be_v make_v no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o supreme_a starostas_n who_o sentence_n be_v final_a officer_n the_o executor_n of_o justice_n in_o curland_n be_v term_v die_v man-richters_a who_o in_o civil_a case_n after_o a_o three_o summons_n to_o satisfy_v the_o plaintiff_n and_o upon_o non-performance_n or_o non-plea_n levy_v the_o debt_n or_o demand_v by_o way_n of_o distress_n curland_n the_o trade_n of_o curland_n consist_v in_o much_o the_o same_o commodity_n as_o in_o poland_n wherefore_o the_o corn_n of_o curland_n and_o livonia_n be_v fight_v after_o by_o the_o dutch_a more_o than_o that_o of_o poland_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v better_a prepare_v and_o cure_v here_o than_o in_o other_o country_n for_o they_o be_v accustom_a to_o dry_v their_o corn_n in_o the_o straw_n as_o we_o do_v malt_n and_o afterward_o to_o thrash_v both_o together_o but_o this_o consume_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o wood_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v forbid_v it_o to_o be_v practise_v any_o where_o within_o his_o dominion_n poland_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o this_o duchy_n of_o curland_n in_o case_n the_o duke_n thereof_o want_v heirs-males_a be_v to_o revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o ducal-prussia_n be_v to_o do_v from_o the_o elector_n of_o branden_n burg_n thus_o sir_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v what_o use_n i_o can_v of_o my_o short_a time_n and_o imperfect_a help_n to_o entertain_v you_o but_o which_o i_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n to_o despair_v of_o accomplish_v unless_o i_o can_v have_v produce_v something_o more_o accurate_a in_o its_o kind_n nevertheless_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v dispense_v with_o my_o inability_n and_o accept_v the_o good_a will_n of_o sir_n your_o very_a humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n finis_fw-la the_o table_n vol._n i._n a_o alexander_n king_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v page_n 67._o his_o war_n and_o death_n 68_o his_o character_n ibid._n alexander_n prince_n his_o character_n 189._o affect_a by_o the_o queen_n ibid._n b_o boleslaus_n i._n his_o war_n 26._o institutes_n xii_o senator_n his_o assistant_n ibid._n his_o character_n and_o death_n ibid._n ii_o how_o long_o reign_v 29._o his_o war_n marriage_n and_o vice_n ibid._n flight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o death_n 30._o iii_o his_o surname_n and_o war_n 31._o etc._n etc._n his_o marriage_n 32._o valour_n and_o success_n 33._o death_n issue_n and_o character_n ibid._n iv._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 35._o his_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n 36._o v._o his_o surname_n and_o guardian_n 43._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o trouble_n 44._o retire_v into_o hungary_n ibid._n return_v 45._o farther_o trouble_n and_o war_n ibid._n his_o death_n ibid._n batori_fw-la vide_fw-la stephen_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n lord_n over_o 13_o city_n 223._o his_o chapter_n ibid._n bresty_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 234._o braclaw_n pal._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 277._o description_n ibid._n braclaw_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 277._o belsko_fw-mi pal._n description_n 280._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 281._o their_o description_n ibid._n belsko_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 281._o byelsko_fw-mi cap._n of_o podlachia_n it_o be_v description_n 297._o broscia_n pal._n one_o district_n 330._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n description_n 331._o its_o arm_n 332._o brescia_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 331._o bear_n nourish_v child_n 342._o story_n of_o one_o ibid._n assertion_n confirm_v by_o the_o king_n 343._o another_o account_n from_o the_o dutch_a ambassador_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n a_o three_o account_n from_o hartknock_n 348._o c._n city_n the_o first_o 6._o the_o second_o ibid._n cracus_n his_o death_n 13._o his_o issue_n ibid._n cracow_n when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o university_n by_o who_o found_v 59_o take_a by_o stratagem_n 132._o where_o situate_a and_o how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n 238._o whence_o its_o name_n ibid._n its_o division_n castle_n and_o cathedral_n 238_o etc._n etc._n when_o first_o make_v a_o metropolitan_a see_v 240._o how_o many_o church_n ibid._n its_o university_n and_o professor_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n its_o college_n 241._o vicechancellor_n ibid._n monastery_n and_o mendicant_n 242._o its_o house_n ib._n mayor_n of_o cracow_n 248._o government_n of_o the_o castle_n 249._o chrobry_n vi_fw-la boleslaus_n i._n casimir_n i._n queen_n regent_z during_o minority_n ibid._n he_o become_v monk_n ibid._n recall_v upon_o agreement_n with_o the_o pope_n ibid._n his_o marriage_n war_n death_n and_o issue_n 28._o ii_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 37._o surname_v the_o just_a and_o a_o example_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n ease_v his_o subject_n of_o tax_n 38._o conspiracy_n against_o he_o ibid._n disappoint_v 39_o his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n ibid._n iii_o surname_v the_o great_a 50._o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o teutonic_n knight_n ibid._n his_o conquest_n ibid._n good_a deed_n ibid._n character_n other_o war_n and_o death_n 55._o iu._n when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 63._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n assist_v the_o prussian_n 64._o rout_n teutonic_n order_n ibid._n obtain_v advantageous_a peace_n ibid._n his_o issue_n 65._o his_o death_n and_o age._n curland_n and_o semigallia_n first_o duke_n 77._o enjoy_v by_o his_o posterity_n ever_o since_o ibid._n common_a wealth_n jocular_a of_o babina_n 79._o candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o death_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n 85._o after_o the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valois_n 87._o after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n batori_n 104._o two_o of_o these_o come_v into_o poland_n 108._o after_o uladislaus_n vii_o 125._o after_o john_n casimir_n 140._o after_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 155._o after_o john_n sobieski_n 235._o court_n of_o justice_n none_o 90._o batori_fw-mi erect_v two_o call_v tribunal_n ibid._n be_v to_o determine_v civil_a cause_n without_o appeal_n ibid._n cosacks_n how_o so_o term_v 94._o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n ibid._n to_o who_o compare_v ibid._n reduce_v to_o a_o discipline_n ibid._n whence_o their_o name_n ibid._n extent_n of_o their_o first_o dominion_n 95._o a_o conjecture_n about_o this_o country_n ibid._n it_o be_v present_a extent_n 96._o their_o building_n ibid._n character_n ibid._n religion_n 97._o fast_n ibid._n language_n 98._o custom_n and_o manner_n ibid._n abundance_n of_o fly_n and_o locust_n ibid._n their_o custom_n and_o manner_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n 99_o their_o rebellion_n 146._o be_v favour_v by_o the_o turk_n ibid._n produce_v a_o bad_a peace_n ibid._n conti_n prince_n of_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n 205._o proclaim_a king_n by_o the_o primate_n 206._o send_v for_o into_o poland_n 207._o favour_v by_o prince_n sapieha_n ibid._n come_v to_o dantzic_n ibid._n give_v

of_o the_o great_a dutchy_n army_n and_o receive_v no_o manner_n of_o order_n from_o the_o crown-general_n except_o where_o both_o be_v joint_o engage_v in_o a_o battle_n power_n these_o great_a general_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n have_v the_o great_a power_n in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o they_o have_v then_o a_o supreme_a command_n in_o the_o army_n they_o give_v battle_n and_o besiege_v town_n without_o the_o king_n participation_n and_o settle_v winter-quarter_n where_o and_o upon_o what_o land_n they_o think_v fit_a this_o power_n of_o they_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a considerable_a that_o a_o great_a general_n be_v formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n duty_n their_o duty_n be_v to_o keep_v good_a order_n and_o discipline_n in_o the_o army_n to_o punish_v mutinous_a and_o seditious_a officer_n and_o soldier_n to_o settle_v the_o prize_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o provision_n bring_v into_o the_o camp_n to_o give_v command_n or_o necessary_a order_n for_o a_o charge_n or_o retreat_n and_o in_o fine_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o his_o majesty_n can_v be_v he_o present_a army_n it_o be_v therefore_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n always_o to_o head_n his_o army_n himself_o to_o have_v his_o son_n with_o he_o in_o the_o field_n and_o to_o give_v they_o opportunity_n to_o gain_v reputation_n and_o credit_n by_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n for_o the_o more_o the_o king_n increase_v his_o own_o fame_n or_o that_o of_o his_o son_n the_o more_o he_o diminish_v the_o credit_n and_o power_n of_o his_o general_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v most_o to_o be_v fear_v and_o who_o have_v the_o great_a power_n and_o influence_n over_o the_o gentry_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n general_n the_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o count_n jablonowski_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o of_o lithuania_n prince_n sapieha_n suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o austrian_a faction_n successive_a when_o the_o office_n of_o great_a general_n be_v vacant_a the_o little_a or_o lieutenant-general_n have_v a_o right_a to_o succeed_v he_o office_n the_o two_o lieutenant-general_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n be_v to_o preside_v in_o all_o court-marshal_n and_o to_o take_v care_n that_o guard_n be_v strict_o keep_v throughout_o the_o camp_n also_o they_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o all_o spy_n and_o scout_n be_v send_v out_o as_o often_o as_o occasion_n require_v and_o last_o to_o see_v that_o foreign_a soldier_n be_v due_o pay_v guard_n the_o business_n of_o the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n in_o the_o camp_n be_v to_o command_v sole_o those_o soldier_n who_o be_v assign_v to_o guard_v his_o majesty_n person_n in_o the_o camp_n but_o upon_o the_o king_n departure_n this_o officer_n power_n cease_v army_n there_o be_v several_a other_o officer_n of_o note_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o great_a ensign_n or_o standard-bearer_n the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n the_o camp_n notary_n and_o commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o incursion_n of_o which_o two_o last_v i_o shall_v only_o speak_v here_o camp-notary_n camp-notary_n be_v paymaster_n general_n for_o the_o army_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a duchy_n incursion_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o guard_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n etc._n etc._n this_o officer_n be_v post_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o kingdom_n towards_o crim-tartary_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o enemy_n authority_n for_o the_o civil_a state-officer_n there_o be_v the_o two_o great_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o privy-council_n and_o to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o what_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vice_n chancellor_n do_v they_o must_v both_o be_v ecclesiastic_n and_o their_o office_n be_v a_o great_a step_n to_o the_o chancellor_n dignity_n they_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o the_o king_n signet_n and_o be_v qualify_v for_o the_o high_a episcopal_a honour_n and_o have_v precedence_n before_o most_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n office_n the_o master_n of_o request_n or_o referendary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o business_n be_v to_o receive_v petition_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o give_v his_o majesty_n answer_n they_o have_v a_o place_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o justice_n these_o be_v in_o all_o four_o one_o ecclesiastical_a and_o one_o civil_a for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o great_a office_n duchy_n two_o cupbearer_n for_o each_o nation_n for_o the_o same_o two_o carver_n and_o two_o sword-bearer_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o court_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n these_o supply_n either_o the_o absence_n or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o great_a treasurer_n prussia_n the_o treasurer_n of_o prussia_n who_o business_n be_v to_o take_v all_o account_n of_o the_o collector_n of_o revenue_n in_o that_o province_n and_o to_o transmit_v they_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n judge_n associate_n to_o judge_n which_o be_v general_o such_o as_o reside_v in_o the_o king_n court_n viz._n the_o master_n of_o request_n vicechancellor_n etc._n etc._n notary_n two_o chief_a notary_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o civil_a cause_n either_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o the_o great_a duchy_n inchancery_n two_o register_n in_o the_o chancery_n of_o both_o nation_n escheator_n a_o officer_n that_o look_v after_o the_o escheat_n call_v by_o we_o escheator_n he_o can_v either_o sue_v for_o or_o seize_v any_o such_o land_n or_o good_n as_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n house_n the_o commissioner_n of_o the_o custom-house_n who_o give_v in_o their_o account_n as_o often_o as_o the_o great_a treasurer_n require_v they_o mine_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o silver_n lead_v and_o salt_n mine_n they_o exercise_v jurisdiction_n over_o the_o workman_n there_o but_o must_v nevertheless_o admit_v of_o appeal_n to_o court_n mint_n the_o governor_n or_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n their_o business_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o money_n there_o coin_v be_v of_o weight_n and_o value_n court-officer_n the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o king_n court_n be_v treat_v of_o before_o in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n district_n the_o officer_n of_o district_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o sort_n civil_a and_o military_a the_o civil_a be_v office_n the_o vice-chamberlain_n who_o office_n be_v to_o decide_v all_o difference_n within_o his_o district_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o have_v several_a deputy_n under_o chamberlain_n he_o call_v chamberlain_n who_o he_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n of_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o to_o who_o he_o give_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n it_o be_v at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o displace_v these_o as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a assistant_n the_o judge_n who_o together_o with_o his_o assistant_n determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n and_o controversy_n prothonotary_n the_o prothonotary_n who_o in_o those_o court_n have_v likewise_o a_o power_n of_o give_v his_o opinion_n collector_n the_o head_n collector_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n who_o be_v accountable_a above_o call_v the_o other_o officer_n be_v less_o considerable_a be_v sewer_n carver_n cupbearer_n sword-bearer_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n of_o there_o be_v such_o officer_n in_o every_o palatinate_n be_v because_o former_o each_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v a_o sovereignty_n and_o have_v its_o peculiar_a prince_n who_o have_v all_o their_o court-officer_n but_o now_o though_o these_o office_n remain_v yet_o it_o 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but_o likewise_o over_o the_o gentry_n they_o have_v also_o a_o care_n of_o the_o

the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n rustic_n and_o their_o condition_n work_v on_o sunday_n pay_v rigid_a duty_n etc._n etc._n their_o edible_n and_o custom_n at_o grind_a corn._n their_o habit_n carriage_n and_o how_o make_v house_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n why_o little_a horse_n here_o qualification_n for_o marriage_n character_n of_o these_o rustic_n samogitia_n differ_v from_o lithuania_n sturdy_n drinker_n reward_v proof_n of_o great_a age._n people_z more_o robu_v here_o manner_n in_o husbandry_n strange_a way_n of_o prune_v tree_n peculiar_a manner_n of_o sow_v way_n of_o order_v corn._n peculiar_a custom_n in_o prusia_n habitation_n and_o furniture_n meat_n and_o drink_n the_o pospolite_n or_o polish_v militia_n who_o oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o horse_n who_o in_o the_o foot_n and_o penalty_n for_o neglect_v in_o both_o who_o be_v excuse_v from_o serve_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o pospolife_o former_o and_o now_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v and_o muster_v thing_n require_v in_o vain_a of_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n meet_v at_o the_o general_n rendezvous_n a_o division_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o horse_n heavy_a arm_v light_a horse_n a_o division_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o cosack_n proceed_n in_o their_o counsel_n of_o war_n way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o bo_n their_o power_n what_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v and_o how_o employ_v hire_a foot_n and_o their_o condition_n why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o their_o arm_n and_o livery_n gentry_z how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n with_o other_o particular_n hungarian_a foot_n when_o first_o hire_v auxiliary_n what_o example_n quartarians_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n example_n select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n cause_n that_o weaken_v the_o polish_v force_n four_o thing_n require_v to_o defend_v a_o state_n manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n the_o rokosz_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o 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fish_n manner_n of_o fish_v honey_n and_o its_o produce_v former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n ●antzic_a here_o si●ate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n it_o be_v division_n and_o strength_n one_o of_o the_o hanse_fw-mi town_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n church_n town-house_n three_o magazine_n a_o college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n and_o government_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n the_o twelve_o scabin_n and_o syndic_n burgrave_n to_o represent_v the_o king_n centumviri_n their_o power_n manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n four_o roman_a catholic_n church_n king_n power_n and_o revenue_n here_o city-power_n and_o privilege_n force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n first_o coin_n in_o prussia_n present_a coin_n in_o dantzic_n how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n origin_n of_o teutonic_n order_n who_o 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master_n 1388._o xxii_o great_a master_n 1394._o xxiii_o great_a master_n 1404._o xxiv_o great_a master_n 1406._o xxv_o great_a master_n 1414._o xxvi_o great_a master_n 1323._o xxvii_o great_a master_n 1432._o xxviii_o great_a master_n 1450._o xxix_o great_a master_n 1467._o xxx_o great_a master_n 1468._o xxxi_o great_a master_n 1480._o xxxii_o great_a master_n 1489._o xxxiii_o great_a master_n 1498._o xxxiv_o great_a master_n 1512._o dantzic_n b_o siege_v by_o albert._n siege_n raise_v by_o the_o pole_n albert_n submit_v to_o sigismond_n great_a master_n in_o germany_n xxxv_o great_a master_n 1531._o xxxvi_o great_a master_n 1543._o xxxvii_o great_a master_n 1566._o xxxviii_o great_a master_n 1572._o thirty-nine_o great_a master_n 1587._o xl_o great_a master_n 1619._o xli_o great_a master_n 1624._o xlii_o great_a master_n 1627._o xliii_o great_a master_n 1644._o xliv_o great_a master_n 1664._o a_o prince_n of_o neubourg_n elect_v of_o the_o order_n ceremony_n of_o creation_n elect_v 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practise_v of_o physic_n what_o medicine_n use_v disease_n what_o venereal_a how_o cure_a by_o a_o quack_n surprise_v particular_n disease_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o first_o the_o plica_fw-la it_o be_v description_n unaccountableness_n symptom_n neither_o bleed_v nor_o be_v painful_a say_a to_o be_v contagious_a and_o hereditary_a common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n superstition_n concern_v it_o and_o other_o case_n where_o most_o common_a it_o be_v cure_n by_o a_o jew_n cause_n assert_v but_o question_v another_o account_n of_o the_o plica_fw-la hair_n canular_a the_o rose_n and_o its_o cure_n present_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o curland_n it_o be_v soil_n and_o former_a state_n when_o whole_o conquer_a convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o degree_n i_o bishop_n in_o livonia_n 1180._o two_o bp_o &_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o iii_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o i_o absolute_a master_n of_o livonian_a order_n 1205._o two_o absolute_a master_n 1223._o iii_o master_n 1238._o iv_o master_n 1240._o five_o master_n 1248._o vi_o master_n 1250._o vii_o master_n viii_o master_n ix_o master_n x_o master_n xi_o master_n xii_o master_n xiii_o master_n fourteen_o master_n xv_o mast_n r_o xvi_o master_n xvii_o master_n xviii_o master_n xix_o master_n 1488._o iii_o absclute_a master_n 1513._o iv._o abso-master_n v._o absolute_a master_n vi_o absolute_a master_n 1560._o residence_n of_o this_o order_n i._o duke_n of_o curland_n 1561._o ii_o duke_n 1587._o iii_o duke_n 1602._o iv._o duke_n 1639._o discover_v tobago_n and_o enjoy_v it_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o proposes_n mean_v to_o recover_v it_o agreement_n between_o the_o k._n of_o england_n and_o d._n of_o curland_n grant_v of_o trade_n in_o africa_n upon_o what_o condition_n grant_v of_o the_o island_n tabago_n under_o what_o consideration_n duke_n oblige_v to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o war._n a_o letter_n send_v hereupon_o but_o with_o little_a effect_n french_z beg_v the_o island_n of_o their_o king_n a_o second_o 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