Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	call_v	climate_n	zone_n	14	3	12.4320	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09429	A true discourse of the late voyages of discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by the Northvveast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher Generall deuided into three bookes. In the first wherof is shewed, his first voyage ... Also, there are annexed certayne reasons, to proue all partes of the worlde habitable, with a generall mappe adioyned. In the second, is set out his second voyage ... In the thirde, is declared the strange fortunes which hapned in the third voyage ... VVith a particular card therevnto adioyned of Meta Incognita ...	Best, George, d. 1584.	1578 (1578)	STC 1972; ESTC S104566	113,756	182

for a more fresh example our people of Meta Incognita of whome and for whome thys discourse is taken in hande that were broughte this last yeare into Englande were all generallie of the same coloure that many Nations be lying in the middest of the middle Zone And this their couloure was not only in the face whiche was subiecte to Sunne and Ayre but also in their bodies which were still couered with garments as oures are yea the very sucking childe of twelue Moneths age hadde his skinne of the very same couloure that most haue vnder the Equinoctiall which thing can not procéede by reason of the clime for that they are at least tenne degrées more towards the North than we in Englande are no the Sunne neuer commeth néere their Zenith by .40 Degrées for in effect they are within thrée or four degrées of that which they call the frosen Zone and as I said fortie degrées from the burning Zone whereby it foloweth that there is some other cause than the Clymate or the Sunnes perpendicular reflection that shoulde cause the Ethiopians great blacknesse And the most probable cause to my iudgemente is that this blacknesse procéedeth of some naturall infection of the first inhabitāts of that Countrey and so all the whole progenie of them descended are still poluted with the same blot of infection Therefore it shall not be farre from our purpose to examine the first originall of these blacke men and how by lineall discente they haue hitherto continued thus blacke It manifestly and plainely appeareth by holy Scripture that after the generall Inundation and ouerflowing of the Earth there remayned no moe mē aliue but Noe his thrée sonnes Sem Cham and Iaphet who only were lefte to possesse inhabit the whole face of the earth therefore all the land that vntill this daye hath bin inhabited by sundry discents must néedes come of the ofspring eyther of Sem Cham or Iaphet as the onely sonnes of Noe who all thrée being white and their wiues also by course of nature should haue begotten and brought forth white children But the enuie of our great and continuall enimie the wicked Spirit is such that as he could not suffer our old Father Adam to liue in the felicitie Angelike state wherein he was first created but tempting him sought procured his ruine fal So againe finding at this floud none but a father and thrée sonnes liuing he so caused one of them to transgresse disobey his fathers commandement that after him all his posteritie shoulde be accursed The fact of disobedience was this When Noe at the commandement of God had made entred the Arke the fludgates of Heauen were opened so that the whole face of the earth euery trée Mountaine was couered with abundāce of water he straitely commanded his sonnes their wiues that they should with reuerence feare behold the iustice and mighty power of God that during the time of the floud while they remained in the Arke they should vse cōtinēcie absteine frō carnall copulation with their wiues many other preceptes he gaue vnto thē admonitions touching the iustice of God in reuenging sinne his mercie in deliuering thē who nothing deserued it Which good instructions exhortatiōs notwithstāding his wicked sonne C ham disobeyed and being persuaded that the first child borne after the floud by right law of nature should inherit possesse all the dominion of the earth he contrarie to his fathers commandement while they were yet in the Arke vsed cōpany with his wife craftily went about thereby to disinherit the ofspring of his other two bréethren for the which wicked and detestable fact as an example for contempte of Almightie God and disobedience of parents God would a sonne shuld be borne whose name was Chus who not only it selfe but all his posteritie after him should be so blacke lothsome that it might remaine a spectacle of disobedience to all the World. And of this blacke cursed Chus came al these blacke Moores which are in Africa for after the water was vanished frō off the face of the earth and that the land was drie Sem chose that part of the land to inhabit in which now is called Asia and Iaphet had that which nowe is called Europa wherin we dwel and Africa remained for Cham his blacke sonne Chus was called Chamesis after the fathers name being perhaps a cursed dry sandy vnfruteful groūd fit for such a generatiō to inhabit in Thus you sée that the cause of the Ethiopians blacknesse is the curse infection of bloud not the distemperature of the clymate which also may be proued by this example that these black men are found in all partes of Africa as well withoute the Tropicks as within euen vnto Capo d'buona Speranza Southward where by reason of the Sphere should be the same temperature as is in Spayne Laddigna and Sicilia where all be of very good complexions Wherefore I conclude that the blacknesse procéedeth not of the hotenesse of the Clime but as I sayd of the infection of bloud and therfore this their argumente gathered of the Africans blacknesse is not able to destroy the temperature of the middle Zone We may therefore very well be assertayned that vnder the Equinoctiall is the most pleasant and delectable place of the worlde to dwell in where although the Sunne for two houres in a yeare be directe ouer their heads and therefore the heate at that time somewhat of force yet bycause it commeth so seldome and continueth so small a time when it commeth it is not to be wayed but rather the moderate heate of other times is all the yeare to be remembred And if the heate at any time should in the shorte daye ware somewhat vrgent the coldnesse of the long night there would easilie refreshe it according as Honterus sayth speaking of the temperature vnder the Equinoctiall Quodque die solis violento incanduit aestu Humida nox reficit paribusque refrigerat horis If the heate of the Sunne in the day time doe burne or parch any thing the moysture of the nighte dothe coole and refresh the same againe the Sunne being as long absente in the night as it was present in the day Also our Author of the Sphere Iohannes d' Sacro bosco in the Chapter of the Zodiacke deriueth the Etimologie of Zodiacus of the Gréeke word Zoe whiche in Latin signifyeth Vita life for out of Aristotle he alledgeth that Secundum accessum recessum solis in Zodiaco fiunt generationes corruptiones in rebus inferioribus according to the Sunnes going to and fro in the Zodiake the inferiour bodies take their causes of generation and corruption Then it foloweth that where there is most going too and fro there is most generation and corruption whiche must néedes be betwéene the two Tropikes for there the Sunne goeth too and

some of the Fléete and those not the worst Marriners iudged to be the North forlande howbeit othersome were of contrary opinion But the matter was not well to be discerned by reason of the thicke fogge whiche a long time hung vppon the coast and the newe falling Snowe which yearely altereth the shape of the land and taketh away oftentimes the Marriners markes And by reason of the darke mistes whiche continued by the space of twenty dayes togither this doubt grew the greater and the longer perillous For wheras indéede we thought our selues to be vpon the Northeast side of Frobishers straytes we were now carried to the Southweastwards of the Queenes forlande and being deceyued by a swift Currant comming from the Northeast were broughte to the Southweastwardes of oure sayd course many miles more than we dyd thinke possible could come to passe The cause whereof we haue since found and shall be at large héereafter declared Héere we made a poynt of land which some mistooke for a place in the straytes called Mount Warwicke but howe we shoulde be so farre shotte vp so suddaynely within the sayde straytes the expertest Mariners began to maruell thinking it a thing impossible that they coulde be so farre ouertaken in their accomptes or that any Currant coulde so deceyue them héere whiche they had not by former experience proued and found out Howbeit many confessed that they founde a swifter course of floud than before time they had obserued And truly it was wonderfull to heare and sée the rushling and noyse that the tydes do make in thys place with so violente a force that oure Shippes lying a-hull were turned sometimes rounde aboute euen in a momente after the manner of a whirlepoole and the noyse of the streame no lesse to be hearde a farre off than the waterfall of London Bridge But whilest the Fléete lay thus doubtfull amōgst great store of Ise in a place they knewe not withoute sighte of sunne whereby to take the height and so to know the true eleuation of the pole and withoute any cleare of lighte to make perfite the coast the Generall with the Captaynes and Maysters of his Shippes beganne doubtfully to question of the matter and sent his Pinnesse aboorde to heare each mans opinion and specially of Iames Beare Mayster of the Anne Frances who was knowen to be a sufficiente and skilful Mariner and hauing bin there the yeare before had well obserued the place and drawne out Cardes of the coast But the rather this matter grew the more doubtful for that Christopher H●ll chiefe Pylot of the voyage deliuered a playne and publike opinion in the hearing of the whole Fléete that he had neuer séene the foresayde coast before and that he could not make it for any place of Frobishers straytes as some of the Fléete supposed and yet the lands do lye and trend so like that the best Mariners therin may be deceyued The tenth of Iuly the weather still continuing thicke and darke some of the Shippes in the fogge lost sighte of the Admirall and the rest of the Fléete and wandering too and fro with doubtfull opinion whether it were best to séeke backe againe to seaward through great store of Ise or to follow on a doubtfull course in a Sea bay or straytes they knew not or alongst a coast whereof by reason of the darke mistes they coulde not discerne the daungers if by chance any Rocke or brokē ground should lye of the place as commonly in these partes it doth The Uizeadmirall Captayne Yorke considering the foresayd opinion of the Pylot Hall who was with him in the Thomas Allen hauing lost sight of the Fléete turned backe to Sea agayne hauing two other Shippes in company with him Also the Captaine of the Anne Fraunces hauing likewise lost companye of the Fléete and being all alone helde it for best to turne it out to Sea agayne vntyll they mighte haue cléere weather to take the Sunnes Altitude and with incredible payne and perill got out of the doubtfull place into the open Sea agayne being so narrowly distressed by the way by meanes of continuall fogge and Ise that they were many times ready to leape vpon an Ilande of Ise to auoyde the present daunger and so hopyng to prolong life a while meante rather to dye a pining death Some hoped to saue themselues on chestes and some determined to tye the Hatches of the Shippes fast togyther and to bynde themselues wyth theyr furniture fast therevnto and so to bée towed with the Shippeboate ashore whyche otherwise coulde not receyue halfe of the companye by whyche meanes if happilie they hadde arriued they shoulde eyther haue perished for lacke of foode to eate or else shoulde themselues haue bene eaten of those rauenous bloudye and Man eating people The rest of the Fléete following the course of the Generall whyche ledde them the way passed vp aboue .60 Leagues within the sayd doubtfull and supposed straytes hauyng alwayes a fayre continente vppon their starreboorde syde and a continuance still of an open Sea before them The Generall albeit with the fyrste perchance he found out the error and that this was not the old straytes yet he persuaded the Fléete alwayes that they were in theyr righte course and knowne straytes Howbeit I suppose he rather dissembled hys opinion therein than otherwyse meaning by that policie being hymself ledde with an honorable desire of further discouerie to enduce the fléete to follow him to sée a further proofe of that place And as some of the company reported he hath since confessed that if it had not bin for the charge and care he had of the Fléete and fraughted Shippes he both would and could haue gone through to the South Sea called Mare del Sur and dissolued the long doubt of the passage which we séeke to find to the ritch Countrey of Cataya 1 Of which mistaken straytes considering the circumstance we haue greate cause to confirme oure opinion to like and hope well of the passage in this place For the foresaide bay or Sea the further we sayled therein the wyder we found it with great likelyhoode of endlesse continuance And where in other places we were muche troubled wyth Ise as in the entrance of the same so after we had sayled 50. or .60 leagues therein we had no lette of Ise or other thing at all as in other places we found 2 Also this place séemeth to haue a maruellous greate indraft and draweth vnto it most of the drift yse and other things which do fléete in the Sea eyther to the North or Eastwardes of the same as by good experience we haue founde 3 For héere also we mette with boordes latthes and diuers other things driuing in the Sea which was of the wracke of the shippe called the Barke Dennys which perished amongst the Ise as beforesaid being lost at the first attempt of the entrance ouerthwart the Quéens foreland

theyr Captayne Mayster Tanfieldes mynde as by due examination before the Lordes of hir Maiesties most Honorable pri●te Counsell it hathe since bin proued to the greate discredite of the Pilot Coxe who specially persuaded his company againste the opinion of hys sayde Captayne to returne home And as the Captayne of the Anne Frances dothe witnesse euen at theyr conference togither Capta●ne T●nfield tolde hym that hee did not alittle suspect the sayde Pylot Coxe saying that he had neyther opinion in the man of honest duetie manhoode or constancie Notwythstanding the sayde Shippes departure the Captayne of the Anne Frances béeyng desirous to putte in execution hys former resolutions went with hys Shyppeboate béeyng accompanyed also wyth the Moones Skyffe to proue amongst the Ilandes whiche lye vnder H●ttons headland if anye conueniente harborough or any knowledge of the Fléete or anye good Ore was there to bée founde The Shyppes lying off and on at Sea the whyle vnder Sayle and searching through manye soundes they saw them all full of manye dangers and broken grounde yet one there was which séemed an indifferent place to harborough in and whiche they did very diligently sounde ouer and searched agayne Héere the sayde Captayne founde a great blacke Iland whervnto he had good liking certifying the cōpany therof they wer somewhat cōforted with the good hope of his words rowed chéerefully vnto the place where when they arriued they found such plentie of blacke Ore of the same sorte whiche was broughte into Englande thys last yeare that if the goodnesse myghte aunswere the greate plentye thereof it was to be thoughte that it might reasonably suffise all the golde gluttons of the worlde Thys Ilande the Captayne for cause of his good happe called after his owne name Bestes blessing and wyth these good tydings returning aboorde hys Shyppe the ninth of August about tenne of the Clocke at nighte he was ioyfully welcomed of hys companye who before were discomforted and greatelie expected some better fortune at hys handes The nexte daye béeyng the tenth of August the weather reasonably fayre they put into the foresayde harborough hauing their Boate for theyr better securitie sounding before theyr Ship. But for all the care and diligence that coulde be taken in soundyng the Channell ouer and ouer agayne the Anne Frances came agrounde vppon a a suncken Rocke within the Harborough and lay thereon more than halfe drye vntill the nexte floud when by Gods Almighty prouidence contrarye almost to all expectation they came afloate agayne béeyng forced all that tyme to vndersette theyr Shyppe wyth their mayne yarde whyche otherwyse was lykely to ouersette and putte thereby in d●unger the whole companye They hadde aboue two thousande strokes togyther at the Pumpe before they coulde make theyr Shyppe frée of the water agayne so sore shée was brused by lying vppon the Rockes The Moone came safely and roade at Ancker by the Anne Fraunces whose helpe in theyr necessitie they coulde not well haue missed Nowe whilest the Marriners were romaging theyr Shyppes mending that whiche was amisse the Miners followed their laboure for getting togither of sufficient quantitie of Ore and the Carpenters endeuou●ed to doe theyr beste for the making vppe of the boate or pinnesse whiche to bring to passe they wanted two speciall and moste necessary things that is certaine principal timbers that are called Knées whiche are the chiefest strength of any boate also nayles wherwithal to ioyne the plancks togither Wherevpon hauing by chance a Smyth amongest them and yet vnfurnished of his necessarie tooles to worke and make nayles withall they were faine of a gunnne chamber to make an a●●ile to worke vppon and to vse a pickare in stéede of a sledge to beate withall and also to occupy two small bellowes in stéede of one payre of greater Smiths bellowes And for lacke of small Iron for the easier making of the nayles were forced to breake their tongs grydiern and fiershouell in péeces The eleauenth of August the Captaine of the Anne Fraunces taking the Maister of hys Ship with hym went vp to the toppe of Hattons Hedland whych is the highest lande of all the straites to the ende to descry the situation of the Country vnderneath and to take a true plot of the place whereby also to sée what store of Ise was y●t ●●fte in the straites as also to searche what Mine matter or fruite that soyle might yéelde And the rather for the honor the said Captaine doth owe to that Honorable name which himselfe gaue therevnto the laste yeare in the highest parte of this Hedlande he caused his companye to make a Columne or Crosse of stone in token of Christian possession In this place there is plentie of blacke Ore and diuers preatie stones The seauentéenth of Auguste the Capitaines wyth their companies chaced and killed a greate white Beare whiche aduentured and gaue a fierce assaulte vpon twentie men being weapned And he serued them for good meat many dayes after The eightéenth of August the Pinnesse with muche adoe being set togyther the saide Captaine Beste determined to departe vppe the straites to proue and make trial as before was pretended some of his companye greatlye persuading him to the contrarie and specially the Carpēter that set the same togither who saide that he would not aduenture himselfe therein for fiue hundreth poundes for that the boate hung togither but onelye by the strength of the nayles and lacked some of hir principall knées tymbers These wordes somewhat discouraged some of the company which should haue gone therin Wherevpō the Captaine as one not altogither addicted to his own selfe-wil but somewhat foreséeing how it might be afterwards spoken if contrarye fortune shoulde happen him Lo he hathe followed his own opinion and desperate resolutions and so thereafter it is befallen him calling the Maister Marriners of beste iudgement togyther declared vnto them howe muche the cause imported him in his credite to séeke out the Generall as wel to conferre with him of some causes of waight as otherwise to make due examination and triall of the goodnesse of the Ore wherof they had no assuraunce but by gesse of the eie and was wel like the other whiche so to cary home not knowing the goodnesse thereof might be asmuch as if they should bring so many stones And therefore hée desired them to delyuer their plaine and honest opinion whether the Pinnesse were sufficient for him so to aduenture in or no. It was aunswered that by carefull héede taking therevnto amongest the Ise and the foule weather the Pinnesse might suffise And herevppon the Maisters mate of the Anne Frances called Iohn Gray manfully and honestly offering himselfe vnto his Captain in this aduenture and seruice gaue cause to others of hys Marriners to follow the attempt And vpon the nintéenth of August the said Captain being accompanied with Captayne Vpcote of the Moone xviij persons in the small Pinnesse hauing conuenient portion of