and araying will haue two accusatiue cases one of the sufferer and another of the thing as Rogo te pecuniam I aske thee monie Doceo te literas I teach thee letters Quod te iamdudum hortor Which thing this good while I exhort thee vnto Exuo me gladium I put off my swoord from me The examples applied This rule hath fower examples the first is Rogo te pecuniam where this verb of asking rogo hath two accusatiue cases namely te of the sufferer pecuniā of the thing by this rule In the second example Doceo te literas the verbe of teaching doceo hath by this rule two accusatiue cases namely te of the sufferer and literas of the thing Quod te iamdudum hortor In this third example the verbe of asking hortor hath two accusatiue cases by this rule to wit te of the sufferer and quod of the thing In the fourth example Exuo me gladium this verbe exuo of araying or rather indéed of vnaraying hath two accusatiue cases me of the sufferer and gladium of the thing by this rule A note borowed from the latine Héere note that verbs of asking do somtime turne one of the accusatiue cases into the ablatiue case with a preposition Borowed from the latin Also verbs of araying or vnaraying do somtime turne one of the accusatiue cases either into the datiue or else into the ablatiue without a preposition Verbs gouerning an ablatiue case after them Verbes with an ablatiue case ALl verbs require an ablatiue case of the instrument put with this signe with before it or of the cause or of the maner of doing as Ferit eum gladio He striketh him with a sword Taceo metu I hold my peace for feare Summa eloquentia causam egit He pleaded the cause with great eloquence The examples applied In this rule are thrée examples In the first Ferit eum gladio the verbe ferit hath after him this word gladio the ablatiue case of the instrument with this signe with before it in English by this rule Taceo metu in this second example the verb taceo hath after him this word metu the ablatiue case of the cause by this rule In the third example Summa eloquentia causam egit the verbe egit hath after him the ablatiue case eloquentia of the maner of doing by this rule An other rule for an ablatiue case after verbs The word of price is put after verbs in the ablatiue case as Vendidi auro I sold it for gold Emtus sum argento I was bought for monie The examples applied In this rule are two examples in the first whereof vendidi auro the verbe vendidi doth gouern auro in the ablatiue case being a word of price or a word that signifieth the price or value wherefore the thing was sold by this rule In the second example Emtus sum argento the verbe emtus sum hath after him the ablatiue case argento being the word of price or signifieng the value wherefore the thing was bought by this rule Two exceptions from the rule before The first exception This former rule hath two exceptions which are as followeth Except these genitiue cases when they be put alone without substantiues for if they haue substantiues they shall be put in the ablatiue case Tanti so much quanti how much pluris for more minoris for lesse tantidem for so much tantiuis for so much quantiuis for how much soeuer quantilibet for asmuch as you list quanticunque for how much soeuer as quanti mercatus es hūc equum for how much bought you this horse certe pluris quà m vellem truely for more than I would The examples applied This exception hath two examples The first is Quanti mercatus es hunc equum where quanti a word of price bicause it is put without a substantiue is put in the genitiue case after the verbe mercatus es by this exception In the second example Certè pluris quam vellem the word of price pluris being put alone without a substantiue is put in the genitiue case after the verbe mercatus sum vnderstood by this rule The second exception Sauing that after verbs of price we shall alwaies vse these aduerbes in stéed of their casuals carius more deare vilius better cheap melius better peius woorse not that these words and no other are to be vsed after verbes of price that is verbes betokening buyeng selling bargaining and such like but that when occasion is offered of such kind of speaking then these aduerbes are to be vsed and not their comparatiues being nounes adiectiues vnles their substantiues be ioined with them and then they shall both be put in the ablatiue case A note borowed from the latin Note also that after this verbe valeo betokening the value or woorth of a thing the word of price may somtimes be put in the accusatiue case An other rule for an ablatiue case after verbs Some of the verbes belonging vnto this rule haue sometimes a genitiue case also Verbes of plentie or scarcenes filling emptieng loding or vnloding will haue an ablatiue case as affluis opibus thou flowest in wealth cares virtute thou art voide of vertue expleo te fabulis I fill thee with tales spoliauit me bonis omnibus he spoiled or robbed me of all my goods oneras stomachum cibo thou lodest thy stomacke with meate leuabo te hoc onere I will ease thee of this burden The examples applied This rule hath sixe examples in the first whereof affluis opibus this verbe of plentie affluis hath the ablatiue case opibus by this rule Cares virtute in this second example virtute is the ablatiue case after the verb of wanting or scarcenes cares by this rule In the third example expleo te fabulis the verbe of filling expleo hath after him the ablatiue case fabulis by this rule Spoliauit me bonis omnibus in this fourth example bonis is the ablatiue case after the verbe of emptieng spoliauit by this rule In the fift example oneras stomachum cibo this word cibo is the ablatiue case after the verbe of loding oneras by this rule Leuabo te hoc onere In this sixt example this word onere is the ablatiue case after the verbe of vnloding leuabo by this rule An other rule for an ablatiue case after verbs Some of these verbs are sometimes read with an accusatiue case Also these verbs following with certaine other like will haue an ablatiue case as Vtor to vse fruor to enioy fungor to execute an office potior to obtaine laetor to reioice gaudeo to be glad dignor to vouchsaue or thinke one woorthy muto to change munero to reward communico to make partaker of afficio to trouble prosequor to pursue impertio impertior to bestow and such like And héere is to be marked that these two verbes afficio and
turned by the actiue voice as Ego lego Virgilium I read Virgill where me the ablatiue case in the sentence of the rule before is héere turned into the nominatiue ego and the passiue legitur into the actiue lego and the nominatiue case Virgilius into the accusatiue case Virgilium Verbes passiues may haue other cases by the rules of their actiues Petas tu famam Seeke thou fame where tibi the datiue case in the former rule is turned into the nominatiue tu the passiue petatur into the actiue petas and the nominatiue fama into the accusatiue famam by this rule These fiue verbs called neuter passiues will haue such construction as passiues by the first rule had vapulo to be beaten vaeneo to be sould liceo to be set at a price fio to be made exulo to be banished The construction of gerunds or how they are vsed and what cases they gouerne The case of gerundes GErundes will haue such cases as the verbes that they come of as Ocium scribendi literas Leisure to write letters Ad consulendum tibi To counsaile thee The examples applied This rule hath two examples the first is Ocium scribendi literas where the gerund scribendi doth gouerne literas in the accusatiue case bicause that the verbe scribo whereof it commeth will haue an accusatiue case by the rule of verbes transitiues c. Ad consulendum tibi in this example the gerund â—â—â—sulendum hath the datiue case tibi bicause consulo the verb wherof he commeth will haue a datiue case in this signification by the rule of verbes of giuing or restoring c. The gerund in Di to be vsed after certaine substantiues When the English of the infinitiue moode commeth after any of these nounes substantiues This rule borowed from the latin is shorter thus The gerund in di is put after certain substantiues and certaine adiectiues studium desire causa cause tempus time gratia cause ocium leisure occasio occasion libido lust spes hope opportunitas fit occasion voluntas will modus maner ratio reason gestus gesture satietas fulnes potestas power licentia leaue consuetudo custome consilium counsaile vis force norma a rule amor loue cupido desire locus place and others like if the verbe should be of the actiue voice it shall be made by the gerund in di as when I say Ocium scribendi leisure to write héere in the English to write the English of the infinitiue moode to write commeth after the substantiue leisure in Latin ocium and therefore it is put in the gerund in di by this rule and so of the rest The gerund in di after adiectiues Sometime the genitiue case plurall is put after the gerund in di The examples applied Sometime the infinitiue moode is put after Substantiues adiectiues in stead of the gerund in di Borowed from the latin The gerund in do The example applied And the same gerund in di is vsed also after certaine adiectiues as Cupidus visendi desirous to go see Certus eundi determined to go Peritus iaculandi skilfull in darting Gnarus bellandi cunning in warring In all these fower examples after these adiectiues cupidus Certus Peritus Gnarus these words Visendi Eundi Iaculandi Bellandi are put in the gerund in di by this rule The gerund in do WHen you haue the English of the participle of the present tense with this sign of or with comming after a noune adiectiue it shall in Latine making be put in the gerund in do as Defessus sum ambulando I am weary of walking héere in this sentence is the english of the participle of the present tense walking with this signe of before it comming after the adiectiue wearie and therefore is the said english of the participle of the present tense with of before it as namely of walking in Latin turned into the gerund in do faieng defessus sum ambulando I am wearie of walking by this rule An other rule for the gerund in do Also the english of the participle of the present tense comming without a substantiue with this sign in or by before him shall in Latin making be put in the gerund in do as Caesar dando subleuando ignoscendo gloriam adeptus est Caesar by giuing by helping by forgiuing got praise and renoume In apparando totum hunc consumunt diem They spend this whole day in making readie The examples applied Héere are two examples in this rule wherof the first is Caesar dando subleuando ignoscendo gloriam adeptus est in the which example being Englished there is in thrée places the English of the participle of the present tense put alone without a substantiue with this signe by before it as namely by giuing by helping by forgiuing and therefore in the Latin it is turned into the gerund in do saieng dando subleuando ignoscendo by this rule In the second example In apparando totum hunc consumunt diem héere in this sentence being Englished as appéereth before in the rule there is the English of the participle of the present tense set alone without a substantiue with this signe in before it namely thus in preparing or making ready and therfore in Latin it is made by the gerund in do apparando by this rule The gerund in do vsed either without a preposition or else with certaine preposition And the same gerund in do is vsed either without a preposition or else after one of these prepositions A ab de ex cum in as Deterrentà bibendo they feare them from drinking Ab amando from louing Cogitat de edendo he thinketh vpon eating Ratio bene scribendicum loquendo coniuncta est the way to write well is ioined with speaking The examples applied In this rule are foure examples in the first of the which deterrent à bibendo the gerund in do bibendo is vsed after the preposition a by this rule Ab amando in this second example the gerund in do amando is vsed with the preposition ab by this rule In the third example cogitat de edendo the gerund edendo is vsed with the preposition de by this rule In the fourth example Ratio bene scribendi cum loquendo coniuncta est the gerund loquendo is vsed with the preposition cum by this rule And of the gerund in do vsed without a preposition you had an example before in this sentence Caesar dando c. The gerund in dum The gerund in Dum. THe English of the infinitiue moode comming after a reason and shewing the cause of the reason may be put in the gerund in dum as The example applied Dies mihi vt satis sit ad agenduÌ„ vereor I feare that a whole day wil not be enough for me to do my busines in the English of this sentence or reason there commeth the English of the infinitiue mood namely to
tell In this place the relatiue quae is the accusatiue case plurall gouerned of the gerund narrandi by the rule of gerunds which will haue such case as their verbs whereof they come do require The 8. rule Sometime of a preposition set before him as Quem in locum deducta res sit vides Into what state the matter is now brought thou seest The example applied and corrected In this example the relatiue quem is gouerned of the preposition in which in construction is set before him albeit in the order of words as they ly in Latin this preposition in be put betwéene quem and locum But in truth qui in this example is rather an indefinite than a relatiue and agréeth with locum in case gender and number by the rule of the adiectiue agréeing with his substantiue so that locum and not quem is héere gouerned of the preposition in albeit that it is not to be denied but that sometimes the preposition in may cause the relatiue quem to be put in the accusatiue case like as other prepositions may cause him to be put in other cases also The 9. rule Somtime of the substantiue that he doth accord or agrée with as Senties qui vir siem Thou shalt perceiue what a fellow I am Albeit in this maner of speaking qui is an indefinite and not a relatiue The example applied Héere the relatiue qui agréeth with the substantiue vir being the nominatiue case the masculine gender and singular number as vir is by the rule last before set downe for qui is in this place a noune indefinite that is noting no any one certaine thing and not a relatiue The 10. rule Somtime of a noune partitiue or distributiue as Quarum rerum vtram minus velim non facile possum existimare Of the which two things whether I would with lesse will haue I cannot easily esteeme The example applied and corrected In this example the relatiue quarum is the genitiue case plurall gouerned of the partitiue vtram by the rule of interrogatiues partitiues distributiues gouerning a genitiue case as shall be shewed afterward yet héere also qui is rather an indefinite and agréeth with the genitiue case rerum in case gender and number which genitiue case rerum is gouerned of the partitiue vtram by the rule aforesaid albeit the relatiue is notwithstanding somtime put in the genitiue case by the same rule of interrogatiues and partitiues and such like gouerning a genitiue case The 11. rule Somtime it is put in the genitiue case by reason of a substantiue comming next after him as Ego illum non noui cuius causa hoc incipis I knew him not for whose cause thou beginnest this matter The example applied Héere the relatiue cuius is the genitiue case gouerned of the substantiue causa comming after him by the rule of substantiues comming togither betokening diuers things whereof the latter must be the genitiue case Where note that in such cases the relatiue cuius supplieth the roome of a substantiue and in construction is taken to be the latter substantiue albeit that in Latin he be alwaies set foremost The 12. rule Somtime it is otherwise gouerned of a noune substantiue as Omnia tibi dabuntur quibus opus habes All things shall be giuen thee which thou hast need of The example applied In this place the relatiue quibus is the ablatiue case plural gouerned of the substantiue opus which requireth an ablatiue case by a rule to be set downe in his place The 13. rule Somtime it is put in the ablatiue case with this signe than and is gouerned of the comparatiue degrée comming after him as Vtere virtute qua nihil est melius Vse vertue than the which nothing is better The example applied In this example the relatiue qua is the ablatiue case singular hauing in the construing in English this signe than before it and is gouerned of the comparatiue degrée melius which will haue an ablatiue case when it may be expounded by this aduerbe quà m in English than as shall be shewed héerafter The 14. rule Somtime it is not gouerned at al but is put in the ablatiue case absolute as Quantus erat Iulius Caesar quo imperatore Romani primum Britanniam ingressi sunt How woorthy a man was Iulius Caesar vnder whose conduct or who being emperor the Romans first entred into Britaine The example applied Héere the relatiue quo hath no word whereof it may be gouerned but is put in the ablatiue case which in this kind of speaking is called the ablatiue case absolute for a cause to be shewed héereafter The 15. rule Also when it signifieth an instrument wherewith a thing to be done it is put in the ablatiue case as Ferrum habuit quo se occideret He had asword wherewith he would haue killed himselfe The example applied In this example the relatiue quo is the ablatiue case singular gouerned of the verbe occideret bicause the said quo in this place signifieth an instrument to do some thing withall and therefore must be put in the ablatiue case by a rule héereafter following concerning this matter The 16. rule Somtime the relatiue is gouerned of an aduerbe as Cui vtrum obuiam procedam nondum statui Whom whether I will go to meete with I haue not yet determined The example applied Héere the relatiue cui is the datiue case singular gouerned of the aduerbe obuiam which with such other like will haue a datiue case as héereafter shall be declared more at large Admonition There are besides these many other rules whereby a relatiue may be gouerned yea almost by all the rules of all other partes of spéech but these before are the most principall by which the yoong beginners may be learned to iudge of the rest The construction of nounes substantiues or what cases they may gouerne Qu. YOu haue said at the beginning that all the parts of spéech do either agrée togither in some certaine conditions and properties or else are gouerned and ruled one of another Of Concord or agréement hath béene spoken at large wherefore now order requireth that we entreat of gouernment Tell me therefore what you call gouernement What gouernement is in Grammar matters An. Gouernment properly in Grammar matters is the requiring of some certaine case to be put after an other worde in order of construction As for example to make this as plain as may be for the very simplest to conceiue when I say some nounes do gouerne a genitiue case I mean that some nounes require a genitiue case that is do cause the casuall worde that in construction doth folow next after them to be put in the genitiue case Some verbes do gouerne an accusatiue case in thus saying my meaning is that some verbs require an accusatiue case that is do cause the word that in
What is meant by a participial Qu. What do you call a participial in dus An. A participial in this place is taken for an adiectiue like a participle but yet in déede no participle bicause he doth not signifie time as when he is a participle he alwaies ought to do Adiectiues construed with diuers cases This rule is borowed from the latin-Grammar And further héere is to be noted that many adiectiues compounded with the preposition con do also gouerne a datiue case and that these adiectiues communis common alienus strange immunis free are construed with diuers cases as somtimes a datiue sometimes a datiue with an ablatiue sometimes with a genitiue sometimes with an ablatiue with a preposition onely sauing that the varietie of this kinde of construction is to be diligently obserued in these adiectiues ioining them in latin writing with such cases onely as the best approoued writers do vse to match them withall Adiectiues gouerning an accusatiue case for the most part An accusatiue case after adiectiues And sometimes these substantiues are put also in the genitiue case This rule is borowed from the latin The first example applied The second example applied THe measure of length breadth or thicknes of any thing is put after adiectiues in the accusatiue case and sometime in the ablatiue case as Turris alta centum pedes A tower an hundreth foote high Arborlata tres digitos A tree three fingers broade Liber crassus tres pollices vel tribus pollicibus A booke three inches thicke In the first example Turris alta centum pedes this word pedes betokening the height of a thing that is of the tower spoken of in this sentence is put after the adiectiue alta in the accusatiue case by this rule Arbor lata tres digitos In this sentence the word digitos betokening the measure of breadth is put after the adiectiue lata in the accusatiue case by this rule The third example applied In the third example Liber crassus tres pollices vel tribus pollicibus after the adiectiue crassus the word pollices is put in the accusatiue case being a word that here resembleth thicknes and it may be said also in the ablatiue case pollicibus bicause that these words of the measure of any thing may be put after adiectiues in the accusatiue or ablatiue case indifferently Obiection Qu. But how shal a yoong Punie know whether the word of measure do signifie either the depth height length thicknes squarenes roundnes or any such other quantitie of a thing Answer An. That is to be gathered by the signification of the adiectiue going before it in the same sentence for if the adiectiue haue the signification of thicknes then is the substantiue which he gouerneth to be vnderstood to be spoken of thicknes in that place also if the adiectiue signifie breadth the word of measure which he gouerneth carieth the signification of breadth in that sentence also if the adiectiue signifie height the substantiue of measure gouerned by him in the same sentence is to be supposed to be meant of height also as appéereth in all the examples before and the like is to be said of all such other like as for example when I say thirtie foote high héere the word foote is vnderstood of height ten foote broad héere it is spoken of breadth two foote déepe in this place it is to be referred vnto depth and so foorth in all other measures Qu. Set downe this rule then in fewer words for the ease of the yoonger one The former rule set downe more briefly An. The word of measure may be put after adiectiues in the accusatiue case and sometime in the ablatiue or genitiue Note also that many adiectiues do gouerne an accusatiue or an ablatiue case by the figure Synecdoche of the which as time serueth the good schoolemaster will instruct his schollers according to their capacitie Adiectiues gouerning an ablatiue case An ablatiue case after adiectiues NOunes of the comparatiue degrée hauing than or by after them do cause the word folowing to be the ablatiue case as Frigidior glacie More cold then yee Doctior multo Better learned by a great deale Vno pede altior Higher by a foote The first example applied This rule hath thrée examples in the first of the which Frigidior glacie the substantiue glacie when you do construe it being englished with this signe than before it is the ablatiue case gouerned of the comparatiue degrée frigidior by this rule The second example applied In the second example Doctior multo the comparatiue degrée doctior doth cause the word multo comming after him and when it is englished hauing this signe by before it to be put in the ablatiue case by this rule The third example applied In the third example Vno pede altior the word altior of the comparatiue degrée causeth the substantiue pede to be the ablatiue case The second rule for adiectiues with an ablatiue case bicause it foloweth in construction the said word altior and hath before it this signe by by this rule The adiectiues Dignus Woorthy Indignus Vnwoorthy Praeditus Indued Captus Taken Contentus Content with such others Adde to these cinctus girded fretus trusting ornatus decked and such others The examples applied will haue an ablatiue case as Dignus honore Woorthy of honor captus oculis Taken in his eies or blinde virtute praeditus Indued with vertue paucis contentus Content with few things In these examples honore after dignus oculis after captus virtute after praeditus paucis after contentus are the ablatiue case by this rule Dignus indignus with a genitiue case Dignus indignus and contentus with an infinitiue moode The first example applied Note also that dignus and indignus somtime do gouerne a genitiue case And note further that dignus indignus and contentus may in stead of the ablatiue case haue an infinitiue moode of a verbe as Dignus laudari Woorthy to be praised contentus in pace viuere Content to liue in peace Dignus laudari in this example the infinitiue moode laudari is put after the adiectiue dignus in stead of an ablatiue case by this rule The second example applied Contentus in pace viuere in this example the infinitiue moode viuere is put after the adiectiue contentus in stead of an ablatiue case by this rule Qu. Are there no other rules besides these for adiectiues gouerning an ablatiue case Other rules for adiectiues with an ablatiue case An. There are yet thrée other rules in the Latin grammar the which in English are as followeth The first rule Somtimes these adiectiues haue a datiue case Nounes that betoken diuersitie will haue an ablatiue case with a preposition as Diuersus ab isto Diuers from this man where the adiectiue diuersus betokening diuersitie causeth isto to be put in the ablatiue case with the