the Tentes encamping ought of all others to bee most skilfull one by long experieÌ„ce and practise in warres throughly tryed and experienced For he ought diligently to view and surueigh the nature and condicion of the place that hee maye chose the safest most coÌ„uenient partes for the 〈◊〉 to campe in that there 〈…〉 his Souldiers might bee easely by the enemie assaulted and displaced neyther by meanes of a Ryuer surrounded and drowned â–ª or elles by the too much nearenesse of wood growing theÌ„rabout to bee consumed and fyred whiche thinge happened vnto Crassus in the ciuile warres who throughe suche careles ouersight was with all his armie almoste burned sodenlye by the fyre that his enemies had secretely enkindled So did Camillus also destroy spoyle the campe tentes of the VolsciaÌ„s by fiering the wood that was neere vnto theÌ„ Moreouer let a Generalle foresee that there bee stoare enoughe of wood of forage of water let them also haue an easie egresse abroade into the fieldes round about theÌ„ and a safe returne and egresse backe agayne to the campe Neither ought the Surueigher or chiefe ouerseer of workmen to lacke long experience vpon whom chiefly resteth all the charge to see that nothing be wanting to the hoast that is nedeful eyther for assault battry or for repulsing or defence This man ought to haue in a readinesse CarpeÌ„ters Ioigners Rafterers MasoÌ„s for the contriuing makiÌ„g of engines woddeÌ„ towers battring pieces crosbowes Slinges other sorts of gunnes beside â–ª and briefly to câ—clude the auncient persons must be appointed rulers ouer y army the younger sort must be honored with other dignities specially such as haue more glory prayse when the case falleth out well with good successe theÌ„ daunger if it should fall out otherwise or that Fortune shoulde deceiue them Reward punishment are to bee demed taken as two Gods in a common wealth and in Martiall affaires especially accouÌ„pted most necessarye for neyther shall it be sufficient for a Captayne to keepe his souldiers at coÌ„mauÌ„demeÌ„nt and in obedience for feare of punishement except also the hope of glory reward do quicken pricke forward the courage fortitude of the souldier the desire of renoume doth of it self particulerly prescribe such things as neither the leaders nor captaines theÌ„selues caÌ„ by any possible meanes directe or teache For surely hope is a right greate affect and mocion of the mynde whiche oftentimes stirreth vp and moueth men to do those things which seeme to excede the strength ability of man which otherwise could not by any reason or meanes be perswaded FINIS Imitacion of Nature vnto Obedience of one Supeâ—ioâ—â— Hee meaneth of such as are careles for the coÌ„mon vveale VVhat thinge most difficulte in the life of man. The prayse of a Prynce Society of Citisens Societie humane profitable by procreation Example of societie in birds Humaine care for his posteriti The first reasoÌ„ of Societie instituted Studies of vertues and disciplines Honos alit artes Difference of Societie humane Obedience vn to Iustice This is meant of lavvs made and not obserued Oligarchia Noble men ruling the resi due duly obeyinge cause the citty to florishe The best common vveale Aequalitie in a Cytty causeth concorde The first dutye of Iustice No place for loyterers in a comon vveale Husbandry profitable Good householders vvhat they ought to doe Good artes or scyences to be cared for A lavv amoÌ„g the Egiptians for due knovvledge in order of lyuinge Exercise of mannes lyfe vvhat it is Merchaunts vvorkmen in a citty Vayne traffiques A measure meane in merchants gayne Certayne han dicraftesmen necessary in a commonvveal Vsury forbidden Reasons of regarde in a common vveale Workmaystero and deuisers of Workes Thebes aspectacle Babilon The arte of paintinge The noble mynde of Iuli us Caesar Kinges of Aegipt only bent to learninge knovvledge The Lybrarye of Ptolomeus Egiptian lore No Wytty Citizen vvithout learninge Care for scholemasters Grammer Astronomie Example of desâ—eny in tvvo Tvvynnes Musicke The inuention of musicke after the opinioÌ„ of Pythagoras Phisicke Dyet medicin and manula cure Eloquence The noble personnes among the Venetians do pleade causes Poetes necessarye in a comoÌ„ Weale Philosophye Prayse of Iulius Caesar his bountie to vvardes learning and learned men The first inuention of philosophy amoÌ„g the Frenchmen Corporal exercise Hard bringing vp of youth profitable Continual toy linge The commaundement of Iulius Caesar for trayning of yonge soldiers Epaminondas exercised vvrasteling Women by nature more tymerous and fearefull then men ExaÌ„ple of the greate strength of Mylo Miserable end of Mylo Example of polydamas Hovve a common vveale prospereth vvithout Magistrates Who be mete persons for to be made magistrates in a common vveale Fovver special regardes to be taken in mans lyfe Pinchinge pouertye putteth men to their shiftes A Magistrate He that obeyeth vvel ruleth vvell Vertues are the guydes of ciuill magistrates Iustice Duties of Iustice To kepe touch and performe promise is coÌ„mendable Prudence Temperance An example of Temperance Constancye Persians trusty in keping couÌ„cell Thre things necessary in a magistrate 1. 2. 3. Venetians admyt no no straÌ„ger to beare rule amoÌ„g theÌ„ Venetians alte nothing afore time ordayned by their predecessors and elders Seigniorye of Venice Manquellinge novv a commoÌ„ practise in Solon his dayes not thought that such could bee A good councellor the father of his couÌ„trye Example of Superiors is a president for inferiors to folovv Vsury Vndecente gesture in a Senator put to reproche God is the principall aucthor and fautour of al good lavves and procedinges That thing vvhich to the honour and praise of god is begon continueth in force and felicity Byshoppes named kinges by Romulus Times to be coÌ„sidered in peace and Warre Time of peace Time of War. Tyme doth alter both the ê‘son and his ê“ê‘tye Ouerseers of the lavves Occasions of contentions for small matters amonges Citizens to be reformed A Praetor Lavvyers Corruption of Iudgement Vnsaiiable Lavvyers Bribcry is a filthye thinge Good exaÌ„ples geuen by the Romaines ConsideratioÌ„s vpdon the trauels of the magistrates Tribes or War dâ—sin a câ—tye Censor vvas he vvhich coulde by his WisdoÌ„e and knovvlege execute his office viz. to constitute coÌ„mauÌ„d comptrolle Infamy of CeÌ„sors Senators discharged for excesse riot Innocentes vvrongfully coÌ„dempned make people repyne at magistrates Pitty in the harte of Alexander tovvardes one that vvas like to haue bene put to death death redemed by thraldome Eight speciall kindes of punishmentes vsed by the Romanes Leuving of tributei Alexanders friendes vvere his tresures Moneta à monenda Pecunia à Pecore The first earthlye treasures of men Sauegarde of a cittye Night Watthe Scoutes Watchers and Warders A Wise example of Alexander in vvatchinge Who are meetest for vvatchchers Warders Gaglinge of a goose saued Rome from beinge taken Night vvatchers charged Night vvatchers preuente and vvithstand
at theyr marchynge forwardes and at their retyre also and so styrre vp and encourage the myndes of the Souldiers that euen the moste cowardly person beinge pricked forth with y sounde therof dyd sometymes proue the moste valiaunte and atchieued the vyctorye for their countrye The people of Creta also when they were about to assault theyr enemies wer excyted and encouraged to fyghte by the noyse of the Harpe The Argiues wyth Shaulmes as the Latines wyth Trumpettes and the Frenchemen wythe Cornettes were encouraged and anymated Tymotheus the moste excellent Musician when he was disposed to aduaunce hymselfe any tyme before Alexander the Kynge tuned his instrumentes so cunningly and musicallye that the Kynge hauinge mynde of none other thynge but that onelye and beynge therewyth pearced and penetrated to the harte as it were by som deuyne admiration would streight lay hand on his weapoÌ„ and take thereby occasion to ouercome his enemies Musicke in a free Cytty is to be allowed yea although it brought no other thinge ells then pleasure and delyte for wee cannot alwayes bee busied in affayres and thys kynd of oblectation euen in oure busines and dealings ys moste honest for as CICERO saythe very well It is the parte of a free manne sometymes to doe nothinge and to wythdrawe bys wearyed mynde from long care otherwyse Whyche thynge especially musicke bringeth to passe making vs thereby to forget our Laboures Trauayles and myseries Plato deuised three sortes of Musicke the one he sayde was manifeste consistinge onelye in voyce as wee see ys vsed when men synge the Seconde aswell wythe the voyce as wythe the hande as when wyth the strykinge vppon the strynges we vse to synge to the Instrumentes and the thirde saythe hee is onelye fynyshed withe the hands fingers as when the voyce being sylent and styl we stryke and playe vppon an Instrument PYTHAGORAS thincketh that Musicke was not the inuention of men but of the fyrst worckemaister of the vniuersall worlde whyche made the Celestiall Orbes to yeld and make a certayn harmonie in their distinct motions whereout procedeth the fyrst inuention of humane musicke whiche musicke doubtlesse is profitable vnto a cyuyll person and doth not onely delighte the mynde but also nourishe the wytte makynge men more prompte and couragious not onelye in warlyke affayres but also to atchieue euery waightye matter And moreouer wee reade of PAEON and dyuers other Physytians whose Pacientes almost dispayrynge of recouerye haue beene healed and recouered by the delyghtes and pleasures taken in Musycke and that certayne mad men haue bene brought to their right wits agayne by the same meane If wee will haue anye regarde of the health of our bodies and tranquillitie of lyfe whych without prosperous healthe can scarcelye be had we shall confesse y Physycke is the most excellent and necessary Arte pertayninge vnto mortall men For as Cornelius Celsus maketh mentioÌ„ who hath written most excellent bokes of this discipline Husbandrye afoordeth nourishement to our bodyes when they bee healthfull and Phisicke promiseth healthe vnto persons diseased and therfore we ought to render thanckes to the lyuing god who hath graunted vs lyfe next of all vnto the Phisician who dothe conserue the same vnto vs and maketh it healthfaller of longer continuaunce For to proue that this Arte of all other Sciences is moste auncient y best learned Greeke Authours do testifye for the inuenter bereof was Apis the sonne of Phoroneus and Pytho king of Egipt The auncient wryters deuided Phisick into three partes the one to consiste in dyet another in remedies or medicines and the thirde in artificall cure of the hand and vnto this parte did the inuentions of Alcmaeon Crotoniata scholar to Pythagoras the Phisician much helpe who searchinge euery member of mannes bodye and cuttinge vpp all and euery ioynte and inwarde article of all the vytall partes was the firste that deuised and inuented the dissection or Anatomie of mannes body If medicine for the body be necessary in a good commoÌ„ weale for the sondrye kyndes of diseases whiche chaunce dayly vnto mortall men to th end with strong sound bodies we may lyue well how much more necessarye shall y phisicke of the soule and mynde bee without the whyche the bodies themselues caÌ„not be in good health or lyking For man is subiect vnto manye diseases by reason of the dyuers kyndes of meates whereof â—e feedeth as Homer sayth yet notwithstanding the diseases of the mynde are not fewer then the diseases of the bodye and wherewyth we be far more vexed and indaungered what disease seemeth anger to be wherwith when we bee throughlye chafed lytle or nothinge do we differ from mad and furious franticke persons What disease seemeth couetousnes to bee wherewith when we be throughly enflamed we cannot be gratefull vnto our owne Countrye not to our Parentes nor chyldren neyther yet vnto oure selues What doth feare what doth tremblinge what doth slouth and sluggishenes worke and bryng to passe in vs and other perturbations of the mynde innumerable whyche when they seyse vpon vs we are not onely in mynde-but also in bodye disquieted but the Medicine or Physicke for the mind is specially Eloquence which by the reasons and arguments of Philosophy represseth or keepeth vnder such persons as wold be to much puffed vp with vyces lyfting vp those that are cast downe and makinge very dasterdes to become valiant persons for what other force or power can there be better then by the force of eloquence to brydle the raginge and furyous common people when their courage fayleth theim for feare to styrre them afreshe to valiauntnes Auncient wryters saye that Eloquence was the ladye and Mistris of matters nether is it only accoumpted profitable in peace and quietnes but also in warres and tumultes excellethe all other strengthe and force whyche thinge to be true Pyrrhus king of the Epyrotâ—s affyrmed For when he did make warres in Italye hee retayned as his compaygnion of his exploites Cyneas the Thessalian an Orator and disciple of Demosthenes vsinge his helpe and seruice at eche pyyche most earnestlye for vnto the cyties whiche he coulde not subdue by force and armour he sent Cyneas his Orator which Cyties for the moste parte he perswaded to surrender euen as he desired insomuch that Pyrrhus vsed often times to saye that mâ— citties were wonne and brought vnder his power and subiectioÌ„ by the Eloquence of Cyneas then were by himselfe vanquished by force of armes The Arte of Oratorye consistethe in three Sortes of causes Whereof the fyrste conteyneth Perswasion and Dysswasion for what thynges soeuer are in a common weale aduised or deliberated vppon they haue neede of perswasion and disswasion to the intente the truth maye be boulted oute Wherfore an Oratoure that is to saye a good man skilfull and flowinge in vtteraunce shal perswade suche thinges as shal be thoughte profytable leaste the People slyde or fall awaye by a sinyster and false opinion and allowe well of that
agro positus litem vt discerneret aruis There was set and ordayned a lymyt or bound To auoyde contention in fallowed grounde For now and then contention ariseth for debarringe or stopping the course of raine water or of other matters whiche daylye happen in Fyeldes or elles in the Cyttyes when men doe argue and stande in contencion for the walles of their houses for droppinges of their hâ—use eues and of Rafters not fastened and oftentimes it comes to passe that amongest merchauntes contentions may arise and speciallye when many are found vayne double dealers with whome a man must not deale in secrete meanes but before some arbitrators or conuenient witnesses and Iudges Suche manner of stryfes whereby enimitye and hartâ—urninges may growe ought straightwayes by coÌ„position to be determined and ended that y citizens may be brought into concorde which then is brought to passe wheÌ„ euery man enioyes his own obteyneth his due right all variaunce or dissention set aparte Upon holydayes and suche dayes as are appointed eyther for Fayres or feastes it shal be good to staye prosecution of causes and matters iudiciall whych thinge also ys customablye frequented in any publique ioy or mourning A Praetor amoÌ„gest the Romaines was so called because hee bare rule and hee was called Urbanus amongest the citizens administred the lawes It was in the power of y Praetor to minister both publike priuate aucthority therfore it is nedeful that the Praetors be men of vpright dealing well deseruing of the publique weale who oughte in no parte to be ignoraunt of the lawes and customes of the coÌ„mon state but playnlye and absolutely to bee so skilfull in lawes both publike and priuate that nothing appeare vn to them eyther obscure or doubtful Let good and conscionable lawyers pleade causes and handle nothinge with craft and maleengine but let them speake all things trulye and let them not leaue a lye vnpunished for there ought to be nothing in a comoÌ„ weale so vncorrupt syncere as iudgement which surely is more often corrupted with speach then with mony wherupon very wel said Cicero that hee vnderstode not why he y corupteth iudgemeÌ„t with mony should be worthy of punishmeÌ„t he that corrupts it with eloqueÌ„ce should haue prayse to me sayth he it rather appeareth that he offendeth more in this point which rather with speache then with mony corrupteth the iudge because no maÌ„ with mony can corrupt a wise iudge but with smothe and disseÌ„bling speach any man may for how are that corrupters of causes worthy to be hated and how greuously are they to be punished for they doe sell the patronage of Iustice forsake the best office in the world whiche is defendinge right somtime they pynch get mony from the defendaÌ„t sometyme agayn poule the plaintife and in the ende delude them both and many do very il which take on theim the patronage or office of defeÌ„ding the client do handle y same so coldly that they differ smallye from forgers of causes for true is the sentence of Cicero which sayth perhaps men caÌ„ not be defended without dispraise that negligentlye to bee defended coulde not bee without great wickednes Let lawyers therfore patrones of causes pleade their clients causes and that for dutie sake that they may deserue wel of the citizens let their rewarde bee to haue a good report in al mens mouthes let it not be lawful for them if by any meanes it may that they take any bribe or gyft for handling the cause as it was established by the law called Cincia for a filthy thing it is and not worthy any man to set out the tongue for gayne or lucre in pleading causes Surely Antipho Rhamnusius as antiquity reporteth was the first that euer for defence of any cause toke reward whose example long times after the GreciaÌ„s Latines folowed saying that the merchandize of the tong was of far other sort then any other merchandize whatsoeuer but the Romaines from whom all good examples aswel of honestie as of vertue are to be taken by the law Cincia prescribed an order vnto the couetousnes of orators and pleaders of causes because yonge men puffed vp with hope of gain should not be permitted negligeÌ„tly to handle matters at the request of Appius Claudius they suffered the lawe Cincia to be moderated Unto those Magistrates which wee aucthorize to haue thadministring of iustice we rather ought to impart som staÌ„ding fée or publike stipeÌ„d then priuate gain least therby the iudgementes of the lawe be set to porte sale whych thing no doubt is preiudiciall vnto al people and for the most part the coÌ„mon decay of the publike weale whether the iudgement be corrupted or whether ells any thing be done by deceipt or violence by them whych be iudges and haue iurisdiction in executing Iustice Ouerséers of shamfastnes modesty are so necessarye in a coÌ„mon weale that without them litle or nothing do other magistrates prenaile for there cannot be a more comodious thiÌ„g theÌ„ to haue people well manered with ciuility wherfore the most grauest persons most approued in vertu som out of euery seueral tribe or ward are her unto to be admitted which may reforme redresse the maners of the city lest thereby there crepe in pieuesh customes pernicious both to the people to that whole city therfore great diligeÌ„ce is to be required that the maners of the people be most syncere perfect then again that no pernicious custom do inuade the citizens then the which ther can nothing in cities happen worse lastly that the religion ceremonial orders which haue bene by our elders wel established be also wel obserued The Romaines called the Censure of shamefastnes modesty the Lady and Maistres of discipline and theym whyche bore offices in the coÌ„mon weale they called CeÌ„sors which tooke their name of iudging comptrolling coÌ„stituting or commaunding of what effect it is very wel to discharge and execute this office euen hereby-may wee perceyue in that this office or dignytye of Censor dydde geeue the sirname vnto Cato Censorius who very wel executed this same function The Infamy which wee call the Censors checke was farre more greuouslye taken of that Romaines then any other punishmente and sometimes that rygour thereof stretched against the magistrates for the Senators were cast out of the Senate house by the Censors checke as wee reade of Lucius Antonius because hee put away from him a yoÌ„g Uirgine whom he had maried none of his frendes beinge called to councell so reade we also of Lucius Flaminius who caused certayne to be put to death for looking lasciuiouslye at certayne women whom they loued also Caius Fabricius the Censor remoued out of the Senate house Publius Cornelius a noble personage because he broughte ten poundes worthe of plate to a certayne banquet Fat and corpulente Souldyers perfumed
made and to reprehende that in others wherein himselfe lykewyse trespasseth to mee therfore that auncient Lawe of Solon seemes altogether vniuste wherein is sayde that if the man take his wyfe in adultery let him kyll heri but if shee take the Husbande in adulterye lett her not once touche hym wyth her finger for once that Lawe beinge recited amongest a companye of matrones one of theym curteously smylinge vppon the rest sayd I see playnly that Women were excluded oute of the councell of men when those lawes were ordayned for if there had beene any woman there they woulde neuer haue suffered thys Lawe to haue passed being so iniurious to our sexe Also that Lawe was vniuste whiche was had in vse amonge the Egiptians as DIODORVS maketh mention For it appointed the man taken in adulterye to bee fcourged or whipped but the woman to haue her Nose slyt and disfigured to the entent she might in that part be punished wherew t the face is moste comly garnished to the sighte of the worlde notwithstandinge in matters touchinge Wyuynge there is nothynge more harder then to make a good choise for maidens are brought vp at home within dores and do verye seldome goe abroade to be seene For the whiche cause it is almoste impossible for a man to searche out their Beauty Manners and Conuersation whych matter surelye maketh men doubtful what to do for it is a thinge of no small effecte to marye a wyfe and wyth her to frequente perpetuall Societye of Lyfe whyche in all poynctes is vnknowen vnto hym at the firste The manners and conuersacions of Maydens cannot bee better ghessed at and perceyued by any other reason then by the similitude or lykenesse of their parentes for it is verye lyke that of good Parentes there can no euyll children be gotten A chaste mother bringeth vp chaste daughters and she that in harte neuer committed shame wyll not wyncke nor beare wyth any faulte of her daughter All young men for the most part do desire to mary a fayre wyfe but yet it is by the opinion of Theophrastus lesse griefe for a man to haue a foule theÌ„ to kepe a fayre wyfe For hee thinkes that no thing is there safe which al men do desire because some one man doth entyse her by beautye some by wysdome and some through eloquence and some by bounty and gyftes and that whiche is assaulted in euery parte is vanquished on some parte This much doth Saynt Ierome discourse vpon after the minde opinion of the Philosopher Theophrastus Ennius the Poet sayde that wee must marrye wyues y are of a sounde chastitye and whyche are seene to bee of a portly fauour Aulus Gellius expoundeth this sentence sheweth that those women be of portly fauour which are neyther of the fayrest not yet of the fowleste feature but meane betweene both whych mediocrity surelye is in al thinges best and chiefest for this reason is sufficient to y procreation of issue for pleasaunt beautye in the womaÌ„ helpeth muche as in the men worthynes or dignitye is most acceptable these and many other thinges are to be thought vpon in the choyse of a wyfe and namely thys that a maÌ„ choose one that in goods and feature is lyke to himselfe for inequality breedeth contempt and perpetuall brawlinge but equality knytteth together the myndes with moste firme loue and affection It is also good for a man to take suche a wyfe as hath not beene touched nor maryed to another man before for there is a double labour and trouble to him that marieth a wydow first to vnteache her the maners of her former husbande and secondlye to enure and acquainte her wyth his owne fashions Aristotle thincketh the best tyme for maydes to be maryed at the age of eightene yeares and for a man at thirtye and sixe yeares of age for those ages are rype and perfect for procreation of issue but as touching the trayning of theym vp in fashions if they were a fewe lesse yeares yonger I woulde thincke it more commodious speciallye in this our tyme wherin vices as the Satyrist saith do swarme Lycurgus also affirmed that it was a shameful thing for man woman to passe beyond those yeares vnmaried For he ordayned that those persons should be noted wyth infamiâ— and expelled the Theatres who at y age of xxxvii yeares were found to haue lyued wythout a wyfe The Romayns also debarred al them from bearinge any publike offyce and esteemed them as vnworthy to be honoured any waye by the common weale whyche woulde not helpe and furder the same wyth augmentation of Issue Let the husband instruct his wyfe wyth the best manners neyther wyth threateninges reproche nor stripes for it is a seruile thing not mete at any hand for familier Societye and in deede wyues become obdurate wyth beatinge euen as naughtye seruauntes and bondmen become worse and worse and with stripes are dayly more more geuen to folow their owne wâ—lfâ—ll wayes â–ª So women are lesse obedient to their husbandes and do all thinges peuishlye against the grayne when they are vngentlye entreated of their husbandes and getting at any tyme occasion for their purpose runâ—e head long into al filthynes without eyther awe or reuerence of matrimony thinkinge that they make none offence at all when they may lay for their excuse that they do it in reuengemeÌ„t of their strypes before receiued therfore with reason must wee deale with them that they may vnderstand all thinges to be done for the common profyte of their whole householde for the honestye of theimselues and of wedlocke the secrets also y are and ought to be betweene man and wyfe let them be included within the walles of their chamber and no further for that man taketh an ill way both for himselfe and his wines honesty which blabbeth out those thinges that are to be kept in silence for we muste so cast in our mindes des to liue in Wedlocke that wee bee not as laughinge stockes to anye abrode for anye matters done wythin our owne houses therfore in matrimonye all thinges ought to be kept secrete for what can bee more lewde and shamefull then eyther the husbande amongest his friendes or the wyfe amongest her neighbours to chatte and babvle oute suche matters as ought in all poyntes to be concealed Candaules Kynge of Lydia had a wyfe vppon whose beautye he greatly doted neyther thoughte hee it sufficiente to blaÊ’e abroade her Feacture and Beautye vnto all men and to manifest vnto the worlde suche matrimoniall secretes as were to bee kept close but also would haue one to bee a wytnesse of hys Pleasures and therefore broughte her foorth naked and shewed her to his companion Gyges as Herodotus saith whom assone as Gyges had seene hee was so inflamed wyth loue towardes her that hee thoughte vppon ne cared for anye other thing more then how to obtayne her to his owne wyll and shee throughlye knowing the
them be put to learne the practize of some other trades and occupations especiallye such as come uearest in goodnes vnto learning least that they remayne vnprofitable by meanes of Idlenesse and slouthe for true is that sentence of Marcus Cato By slouth and doinge nothing at all Men learne to doe euyll great and small Therfore diligent and paynful cytizens ought to dryue sluggishe and slouthfull people out of their citties euen as the diligent Bees do the Drones or Dorres which wyll not take paynes for the common Honnye and wee muste esteeme as most holye that ordinaunce whiche Solon enacted affirming that That chylde to his father is nothing bounde In any respect of dutie naturall If that for him hee hath not founde Some kinde of trade to lyue withall But if all other disciplines and Arts should be lacking yet oughte they to foresee and regarde that their children be not brought vp without the rule of good manners for it is farre better for men to bee wythoute children and to be for euer barreyne and berefte of all progenye or Issue then when men haue children to bringe them vp euill nurtured or of sewde behauiour Epaminondas the Thebane a worthye man and of greate wysedome neuer maryed anye wyfe whiche thing his friend Pelopidas reprehending because hee left not the Seede or succession of his valiantnesse vnto his children and therfore that in so doinge hee dyd ill prouide for the commoditye or profite of his countrye Epaminondas thereupon smyling aunswered take you heede frende Pelopidas least you doe worse prouide for the publique vtilitie of your countrye which may happen to leaue such a sonne begotten by you whose lyfe perhaps hereafter may be wished of some to bee better by whiche sayinge this most wyse Gentleman sheweth that Parētes ought to feare nothinge more then least they haue suche childrē as may degenerate frō their steps qualities Neocles the Athenian a man noble and excellente had a sonne called Themistocles whome in his youth he disherited because hee was mislyked and thought to lyue verye lewdely wastinge his substance and in euerye poynte disobayinge his fathers commaundemente this seuere and harde dealinge did not discourage the sonue but did rather farre more encourage him to remēber himselfe for hee thinkinge that suche a manifest blemish of misdemeanour coulde not bee extinguished withoute some singuler industrye and prayse from thence foorth wholy vent hym selfe to thexercise of vertue and by al care and study that in him was possible endeuoured to traueyle for the commoditye of his common weale with all dyligence that he could protected and maynteyned the causes of his friends and priuate iudgements and within short space so amended his faultes and reformed the vices of hys youthe that there was no one man in his tyme preferred before him and verye fewe were thoughte to bee founde equalle vnto him therefore the seueritye of a father towardes such a Sonne was not to be found fault wythal who in dede of a most naughtie lewd person reclaimed him to be a man in all kynde of prayse moste cōmendable Polemon the Athenian lyuinge vnchaste in his youthfull yeares was wanton and geeuen to filthy behauiour sometimes also ouerseene with drinke hauing a Garlande as the custome was for the stoutest drincker to haue rushed with his companions into Xenocrates schoole onely to floute and mocke and to playe some pageant of knauery at that tyme as it chaunced Xenocrates was discoursinge amongest his scholers touching modestie temperaunce and chastitye whiche purpose for al this hee chaunged not but playnly conuerted his meaning euen vpō Polemō there present by which oratiō made he so reformed himselfe that without any more ado forsaking there his companions and chaunginge his former old lyfe he yeelded himselfe scholar vnto Xenocrates and within a shorte space excelled all his scholefellowes and besides this so nerelye expressed his scholemaister in all matters that after his deceasse this Polemon beinge then lefte hys successor so learnedly behaued himselfe after thimit a ciō of y other that the Scholemaister was thought one styl and not scant perceyued to be chaunged Younge men also are to be enured wyth bodely exercises both for their better health for as Celsus satih slouth enfebleth the bodye labour strengtheneth it the one causinge vntimelye olde age the other long and lustye youth and also for that they might be made more proiftable members for y cōmō weale in tyme of warres wherin they are more prōpt and actiue if they come thereunto wyth a bodye exercised rather then vy slouth effeminated in which thinge the Lacedaemonians did verye muche excell whose children in runninge leapinge and castinge the dart were daylye exercised and practised from whō Diogenes on a tyme returning and goinge to Athens was asked whither he went and from whence he came I come saith he from men and am now goinge to women THE FIFTH BOOKE EFfectuallye discoursinge vppon the ENDEVOVRS TRADES OFFICES DVEties and seuerall vocations aswell of the ciuill cittizen as of the vplandish countreyman also the discouerye of vices with the daūgers that in euery realme and countrye thereby ensueth RApine promiseth Idlenes and rest but vertue sheweth before her labour and sweat Euill manered persons and suche as in their speache and gesture be grosse and vnnurtured be termed vnciuil because they rather seeme to haue bene brought vp in the coūtrey then in the Cytties From hence is deriued the worde phrase of speache called Ciuilitye or Urbanitye because it doth appertayn both to speach and manners and is so called by the name of the latine worde Vrbs a cyttye because through cyuil companying or meeting together of wyse learned men a certayn knowledge and learning is gotten which dyrecteth and trayneth vp men in gallant curtesie pleasaunt order and comelye grace the contrarye wherof is called Rusticitie If a man would in fewe woordes determine and define what a Ciuil man is hee shall say that he is a good man and one that is profitable to his common weale for firste and speciallye hee oughte to haue before his eyes that sentence of Plato where he sayth Men are of God created not onelye To profite themselues in this lyfe presente But that they shoulde their natiue countrye Studye to profite wyth honest intent Partely agayne that they be styllbent To profite frende children and kinsfolke naturall To this ende to lyue well ought all men mortall And by good righte humane societye is instituted and appointed to lyue together for one to profite another These thinges when wee shall consider vppon wee shall well perceyue that we ought to helpe and prouide for our natiue countrye The little Bees and Antes being creatures not only the least of all others but also dumbe and deafe oughte to be examples vnto vs whiche vndoubtedlye do laboure one for another they swarme together they keepe theim selues together they are preserued altogether wyth like
space cooled for if by Nature they had heate in them they wold not so sone become colde And surely vnto me it semeth a thing wonderfull that there are waters ordayned by the prouidence of god medicinable and able to cure all diseases incident vnto mortall men which do not in their curing vexe the diseased persons with slyâ—er sauces Receipts druggs and bitter dilutions neyther torment them with fyre or toole but with a most sweete bathe washing do restore them into their pristinate health Neyther haue y Springs whiche ryse from sulphereous or brimstony soyle these vertues only but those Springs also with passe haue their course through allomye soyle which doth cure the laske resolucion of y sinewes they are very good al 's for them that haue yll digestioÌ„ and yll stomackes Finally they do performe that thing which Asclepiades said was the office of a right good phisician y is to say to cure safely spedely pleasantly bituminous waters also haue their vertues which rather by drincking theÌ„ by bathing do helpe y diseased persoÌ„s for they do make the belly soluble without any payne or griefe do cure almost all the inward diseases of the body by purgation sometime the paynfull wringinge of the intrayles and guttes when they be exâ—lcerated wheÌ„ that excoriacion or bloudynes floweth froÌ„ theÌ„ are herby restored vnto their former health There is also a Nitrous kinde of colde water the drinking whereof doth purge diminisheal vnnatural accesses of the body specially the humours or swelling of the throate or the kinges euill such allomy saltish nitrous Springs yeld forth for the most part an euill smell relish for their ori ginall being from the very lowest partes of the earth do passe through the boate ardent haynes of the same Those that haue written of husbandry do say that euerye kinde of pulse being cast into water and set vppon the fier doth trye the same water very well they be quickly speedely boyled Certayn of the auncient Phisicians affirmed that kind of water to be best which is lightest or els y which being set on the fyre will soonest be boate so that it be cleane and pure vnmossye Al water that is fetchte froÌ„ the moorish or fenny grouÌ„ds is vnholsome so is al y doth not runne but standeth stil or els y whiche runneth through shaddowye places and darcke canes where the Sonne geeueth no shyne but worst of all is snowe dryce water as certayne auncient wrytens haue holden opinioÌ„ Cornelius Colsus doth thus wryte of waters Rayn water is the lightest water y is next is Spring or Wel water then ryuer water and laste of all is pytte water then describeth hee snow or yce water and that standinge water is heauye but the heauiest of all others sayth hee is that which is taken out of a moorish or fenny ground He that throughlye considereth the nature of these thinges wyll wyllingly prouide holesome liquor for the vse of himselfe and his fellowe Cittizens The best situacion for a City is y which is not farre distant froÌ„ the sea or froÌ„ som great nauigable riuer throughe which may be transported caryed out those things wherof we haue to great store and such thinges may bee brought vnto vs wherof wee stand in neede Surelye the mouthes or entries of ryuers haue great oportuâ—â—â—ye 〈…〉 their flowings pleasant tydes do not only enereâ—â—â— pleasure becom most holsom for all cattle sitheÌ„s they may goe easly without any coursing vebemeÌ„t resistaÌ„ce â–ª 〈…〉 water but also do make the fields pastures theruÌ„tâ— adioyning more rancke and fruictfull There is great diuersitie in ryuers euery of theÌ„ hath not coÌ„modity alyke for y riuer Nilus is couÌ„pted y most fertile fruitfullest riuer of al others it floweth through Egipt with great fertilitye for when it â—o hath ouer floweâ— the whole Lande all y Somer tyme it goeth backe agayne into his Chanell and leaueth the fieldes fatted witâ—mâ—ddâ— â–ª and very fruitefull for any tillage insomaâ—h that the inhabitauntes there haue scarcelye any neede of the labour of Oxen or of the helpe of anye husâ—aÌ„â—men to manure the same any further then only to cast thâ—ir seeâ—e theruppon And this do I iudge is to be attributed vnto Nature her selfe the best Parente of all thinges For sithens Egipt was destitute of â—eawe and rayne Nature in supplie thereof gaue thereunto this ryuer whiche should bee able to geeue nourishmeutes vnto Corne and Plantes For the deuine prouidence of God hath appointed innumerable courses of riuers for the vtilitye of the Lande and Soyle through which their course lyeth because no countrye shoulde be altogether without the helpe and furtherance of nature For the increase of the ryuer Nilus doth greately benefite and helpe that countrey because through the great ouerflowing therof many hurtfull beastes breeding there are thereby dispatched drowned except they spedely flye for refuge vnto y higher places vnto whiche Countrye alone these profites and commodities are incident that it neyther hath any cloudes nor cold windes or any thicke exhalacions the water thereof is very sweete insomuche that the Inhabitantes there can easely lyue without wyne and can drincke the same water with great pleasure I suppose the vicinitie or nearenes of the Sea maketh much better for the preseruation and safe keeping of a cittye both for the vse of ciuil lyfe and also for the gathering together of ryches wherewith citties are merueylousâ—ye enâ—â—eased but those Citties are farre more harder to bee besieged which the Sea washeth vpon seeing that to the siege and expugnacion thereof is required not onelye a greate power by Sea but also a greate Armie by land Wherof iâ— the one be wanting the Citizens maye easelye ouâ—â—come the other hoaste when as it shal be harde for y armie by lande to sende any succoure vnto the Nauye by Sea on the other parte the multitude or companye of sea Souldiers may easely be profligated and vanquished by horsemen Therfore conuenient and oportune hauens must bee carefully and wysely chosen out by all theÌ„ that would found and stablishe a Cittye Small fieldes and little Arable groundes easely bringeth dearth of Corne which surely is the cause that thyther is small recourse of people for people pynched with penury and famine be afrayde to mary neyther desireth to haue anye chyldren wherefore in such a couÌ„try they do nothing encrease yea rather the poorer sort hauing respect to their needines famine doe forsake their countrye and seeke to plant themselues in some pleasaunt and fruitfuller soyle elswhere especially if their own couÌ„try be so streite narow that it be not able to feede cattle for next vnto corne cattle whiche greately encreaseth fleshe Mylke and Cheese doe best nourishe As for fishing mee thinckes is not greatly to bee wished for partely because that fishes doe geeue yll nourishement to the bodye and agayne do make
many daungerous chaunces in a Cyttye Al princes or magistrates may here ymy tate the care of Alexander for his subiects in prouidinge corne and victuels Good order for corne to be kept Good order for the church Good order for stretee and highvvayes Good order for conduites and common Sevvers Prayse of Adrianus Caesar Phocions modest aunsvver in refusinge giftes and tressures senâ— hym Lotos some doe suppose to be a tree Possession of landes in common vveale An ouerseer to order housholde affayres Housholders Such masters such familye seruauntes Remorse of the maister tovvardes his seruants fidelity Hovv the may ster ought to entreate his seruauntes A vvicked exaÌ„ple of a vvicked seruaunt Welvsinge of hyred seruauntes ExaÌ„ple of matrimony Trade of lyuinge The man to bringe in the maintenaunce of houskeping by trauayl abroade The vvoman to saue kepe that is brought and to ouersee it at home Nature in the childe oughte to be careful for coÌ„fortinge the parentes in olde age Comfortable to haue chyldien Death to theym that leaue children behinde them is less greuous Death of the that vvant Issue brought in obliuion Causes necessarye vvhy the ciuill man shoulde mary a Wyâ—e Socrates and his curst Wyfe Metellus bys oracion coÌ„cerninge mariage Example of husbande hys faythfull loue tovvardes hys Wyfe ExaÌ„ple of the Wyues faythful loue tovvardes their husbandes ExaÌ„ple of tòo much cherishing cockâ—ing of childreÌ„ A shamelesse â–ª aunsvvere of a shameles stroÌ„pet Some Women delightinge in filthy talke declare the filthines of their poluted mynde The husbands vvordes levvdlye vttered corrupt the levvd disposition of the Wyfe Adultery sharpely punished by the Persians Women stomacke much to haue their husbandes kepe an harlot Solon his lavv for punishinge adultery An hard thing to chose a vvife vvell Good parents bring vp good chyldren Choyse of a Wyfe Equality in choyse The age for man and vvoman to marye Orderly instruction to be geuen by the maÌ„ to the vvyfe Secretes of Wedlocke betvven man and Wyfe ought not to be reuealed The doting soÌ„dnes of CaÌ„ daules ouer â—is fayre vvyfe hovv hee vvas for thâ— same slayne Tvvo precepts to be obserued by the husbaÌ„d tovvardes his vvyfe The husbands charge abrode The couetous man good to none but hurâ— ful to all A couetous maÌ„ compared to an hungrye dogge Ordering of houshold necessaries Safe layde vp sone found A moderate diet and measurable apparel Wyse Women feare euil â—eportes The true ornaments of a Woman Chastitye the speciall oâ—nament in a Woman â–ª Example of chastitye A second ornamente of vvomen is to haue pretye and tovvardly children Vertuous chyldren the righâ—e Ievvelles of dearest estimation vnto pareÌ„tes Curiositie of a simpering pâ—ik medayntye Woman shaâ— faste WomeÌ„ ought to be restrayned from much fiâ— kinge and gadding abrode Domestical discord The vvyfe no stomacker or resister Wydovves'ma â—yinhe agayne make men iudge them to do it for luste and lecherye Annia a vvorthye vvydovv her aunsvvere touching mariage the second tyme. First loue is moste stedfast A modest aunsvvere of a chast Ladye ConsideratioÌ„s in the education of chyldreÌ„ Matrones vvith chylde A vvicked demaunde of a Woman in an vngodly practise Daunsinge dauÌ„gerous for Women that â—â—e vvith child Strait gyrding Tospotvvome Frute eaters Naturall mothers are naturall nurses Good mother good nurse Orderinge and tendering the members of children For Women to knovve the full time of goinge vvith childe and vvhen to be deliuered Hovv a lustye and healthfull man disposeth his tyme. Hovv to deale vvith children in teachig theÌ„ Infancy of the childreÌ„ is the mothers charge to loke vnto Memorye in children is the best token of Wytte. Cherishing of children Blushing in children a sign of good nature The fathers care to prouide a good Schole maister for his children A rich man vn â–ª learned Tvvo kyndes of lerning not preindicial for the chylde to practise at one instante Commodities proceding of Learninge Children of dul and meane vvytes hovve to be emploid Solonsla vve for the chylde that is not nur tered and vvâ—l instructed by his father Better to be vnborne then vntaught Epaminondas Example of a ryottous persoÌ„ reclaymed Young men must be exercised Ciuilitye What a ciuill man is Society humane vvherun to it tendeth â–ª Examples of Bees Comparison of the state of a comon vveal vnto a Shippe Concord in a râ—aâ—me CoÌ„moditye by concorpe Example of ciuill discorde Reason ought to rule our affections Fovver eÌ„ardinal vertues Concord in musicke Good reporte and fame for vvell doing Worthy actes of Hercules Hovv vvhy Bacchus vvas deified and made a God. Triptolemus Isis A vvise man vvil neither do yll nor suffer any to be done by his vvyll The citizeÌ„ carefull for himself and his family Prayse of Africanus for his bountie Prayse of Titê° Vespasianus Liberality and thankfulnes Gratitude Periurye Rashe speache Cato vsed restraint of speache Silence â— Aristotles aduise to Calisthene â–ª touchinge silence Flattery muste be eschevved Diogenes Hurt of slatterers Rasnnes of anger InconuenieÌ„ce of anger Example of furious anger in Alexander Dyonisius Not good to doe any thing vvhile anger losteth Hovv Architas qual ified his anger Manns age by the opinion of Philosophers Manns age deuided by seuen yeares Mannes life deuided into fovver equal nuÌ„bers compared to the fovver seasons of the yeare Children Yongmen Manhode Oldemen Extreeme olde age Man may not vvish for long â—yfe ModeratioÌ„ in dyet Gourmandise surphet and belly cheare Ryotous persons Smelfeases Prodigality ryot of Albidi us Exercise and la â—â—ur a good sâ—â—â— for meat Darius Good vvay to procure a stomacke Epicure Belly gods Husbandrye purueyghour of many neces saries Banqueting Ryot and couetousnes vvo plagues Manner of apparel Vnnecessarye expences must be forborne Funeralles Costly funeralles of the Egiptians reproued Scythians absurd maner of burying their kinges IndiaÌ„s sauage maner in burialles Semiramis Couetousnes Couetusnes of king Darius reproued Monument reuerently pre scrued Cicero and Sa lust at dissention Cicero his auÌ„svvere vnto Salust Nobility Example of Iuba Succession of offices The spiritualtye ought to be mayntayned by the lyuinges of the Churche Pouertie not relieued Husbandmen A good citizeÌ„ a good husband â–ª Gardens and Orchardes Merchaunt straungers hovv they are to be entertayned in a cittye True Citizens Straungers Appius Claudius Repyners at others vvel doinge Enuie described Example of envye Periander a buggerer Pausanias Complaintes of pore oppressed suters must not be reiected Fayre smoth Wordes The Senate in dâ—â—bt Abstlnence froÌ„ ciuyl bludshed Naughty meÌ„bers in a common vvealth must bee cut of Comunalty of Rome refrayned from spoylinge one an other Seueritye of Iustice Fauour and mercie of the conquerours and victors tovvordes theym that be ouercome At vvhat yeares an officer may be chosen Apt names for Citizens Choyse in buyinge of Lands Choyse of ground in building of a City Discommodiâ—y of standing vvaters Italye a temperate nacion People bred vp in cold couÌ„tryes People of the Southpartes Cato his distictions of good