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to_o make_v advantage_n of_o they_o beside_o we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o instruct_v by_o what_o man_n do_v as_o by_o the_o cause_n and_o spring_n of_o their_o action_n which_o a_o historian_n seldom_o transmits_n to_o we_o because_o he_o seldom_o know_v they_o and_o when_o he_o venture_v to_o give_v those_o cause_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n conjecture_n and_o very_o seldom_o certainty_n homer_n and_o virgil_n without_o doubt_n know_v this_o very_a well_o and_o therefore_o though_o they_o see_v that_o action_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o instruction_n than_o bare_a precept_n yet_o they_o find_v that_o it_o must_v be_v general_a action_n something_o in_o which_o all_o may_v be_v equal_o concern_v and_o something_o of_o which_o the_o writer_n may_v be_v perfect_o master_n so_o as_o to_o render_v a_o reason_n exact_o of_o every_o part_n of_o it_o and_o to_o discover_v the_o cause_n and_o to_o make_v know_v the_o effect_n of_o every_o
and_o make_v the_o action_n double_a but_o that_o be_v not_o all_o it_o make_v it_o likewise_o imperfect_a since_o if_o the_o death_n of_o uter_n be_v not_o part_v of_o the_o action_n it_o must_v want_v a_o beginning_n for_o what_o other_o beginning_n can_v mr._n blackmore_n assign_v to_o his_o action_n prince_n arthur_n set_v sail_n from_o neustria_n be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o narration_n but_o not_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n for_o that_o alone_a according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o a_o action_n which_o necessary_o suppose_v nothing_o to_o go_v before_o it_o now_o prince_n arthur_n set_v sail_n from_o normandy_n in_o order_n to_o go_v for_o england_n necessary_o suppose_v that_o something_o go_v before_o for_o it_o suppose_v that_o prince_n arthur_n have_v make_v preparative_n for_o this_o expedition_n and_o that_o he_o have_v do_v it_o by_o some_o mean_n and_o for_o some_o extraordinary_a reason_n of_o all_o which_o the_o reader_n ought_v to_o be_v inform_v since_o all_o this_o come_v into_o the_o action_n and_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o a_o clear_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a thus_o virgil_n begin_v his_o narration_n with_o aeneas_n set_v sail_n from_o sicily_n but_o then_o in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o book_n of_o his_o poem_n he_o make_v his_o hero_n relate_v to_o dido_n from_o whence_o and_o how_o he_o come_v into_o sicily_n and_o whither_o he_o be_v go_v for_o what_o end_n and_o upon_o what_o motive_n but_o now_o if_o mr._n blackmore_n shall_v tell_v i_o that_o the_o death_n of_o king_n uter_n and_o the_o escape_n of_o prince_n arthur_n his_o son_n relate_v by_o lucius_n in_o the_o four_o book_n to_o hoel_n king_n of_o britaâ—…ny_n inform_v the_o reader_n of_o the_o action_n and_o be_v therefore_o a_o necessary_a part_n and_o a_o just_a beginning_n of_o that_o action_n if_o mr._n blackmore_n i_o say_v urge_v this_o i_o can_v make_v no_o reasonable_a reply_n to_o it_o but_o in_o that_o case_n i_o must_v desire_v he_o to_o satisfy_v i_o in_o another_o thing_n and_o that_o be_v whether_o that_o which_o follow_v king_n uter_n death_n and_o prince_n arthur_n escape_n in_o the_o relation_n of_o lucius_n as_o prince_z arthur_n journey_n to_o odar_n camp_n his_o war_n with_o the_o goth_n etc._n etc._n whetheâ—…_n this_o be_v not_o whole_o foreign_a from_o the_o subject_a whether_o it_o do_v not_o constitute_v a_o irregular_a episode_n and_o make_v a_o monstrous_a gap_n in_o the_o main_a action_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v this_o recite_v what_o relation_n have_v the_o journey_n to_o odar_n camp_n or_o arthur_n declamatory_n speech_n by_o the_o way_n or_o his_o serve_v against_o the_o goth_n what_o i_o say_v what_o necessary_a or_o probable_a relation_n can_v all_o this_o have_v to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v there_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o show_n of_o likelihood_n that_o lucius_n who_o come_v with_o arthur_n from_o normandy_n shall_v relate_v these_o thing_n to_o hoel_n who_o dominion_n be_v contiguous_a to_o normandy_n and_o who_o consequent_o can_v not_o but_o know_v all_o this_o as_o well_o as_o lucius_n himself_o all_o of_o it_o i_o mean_v but_o the_o speech_n for_o that_o be_v long_o and_o sententious_a and_o crowd_v with_o speculative_a notion_n in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v not_o come_v to_o his_o ear_n and_o this_o lucius_n must_v have_v have_v a_o admirable_a memory_n who_o can_v repeat_v it_o ten_o year_n after_o it_o be_v speak_v i_o have_v make_v no_o mention_n of_o this_o at_o present_a if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v to_o put_v the_o reader_n in_o mind_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o thing_n as_o this_o speech_n because_o i_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o come_v back_o to_o it_o anon_o thus_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o arthur_n journey_n to_o odar_n camp_n his_o speech_n by_o the_o way_n and_o his_o service_n in_o the_o gothick_n war_n as_o they_o be_v deliver_v in_o his_o relation_n of_o lucius_n make_v the_o poem_n episodick_n and_o corrupt_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v that_o which_o precede_v the_o death_n of_o king_n uter_n in_o the_o same_o relation_n of_o lucius_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o long_a account_n of_o the_o roman_a invasion_n the_o decay_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o saxon_a usurpation_n the_o battle_n of_o salusbury_n the_o treachery_n of_o carvil_n and_o the_o death_n of_o uter_n now_o i_o will_v say_v ask_v any_o one_o whether_o to_o begin_v the_o relation_n of_o arthur_n expedition_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a invasion_n be_v not_o to_o do_v like_o the_o poet_n who_o begin_v the_o war_n of_o troy_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o birth_n of_o helen_n what_o necessary_a nay_o what_o probable_a relation_n have_v the_o roman_a invasion_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o saxon_a usurpation_n to_o the_o immediate_a action_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v it_o so_o much_o as_o likely_a that_o lucius_n shall_v make_v a_o tedious_a recital_n of_o these_o thing_n to_o hoel_n who_o be_v near_o enough_o to_o great_a britain_n to_o be_v long_o inform_v of_o they_o before_o as_o for_o the_o roman_n the_o french_a be_v acquaint_v with_o they_o long_o before_o the_o english_a know_v they_o and_o therefore_o hoel_n may_v have_v reason_n to_o wonder_v to_o hear_v one_o bear_v in_o england_n instruct_v he_o in_o the_o asfair_n of_o rome_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o this_o relation_n of_o the_o roman_a invasion_n and_o of_o the_o saxon_a usurpation_n be_v neither_o necessary_a nor_o probable_a and_o that_o they_o make_v a_o episode_n or_o episodes_n which_o precede_v the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n and_o which_o consequent_o corrupt_v its_o unity_n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o action_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n be_v the_o change_n of_o a_o state_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o first_o part_n of_o virgil_n action_n the_o god_n save_o a_o prince_n from_o the_o ruin_n of_o a_o powerful_a state_n which_o prince_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o remain_v of_o his_o countryman_n this_o be_v the_o first_o part_n of_o virgil_n general_a action_n which_o when_o he_o have_v singularize_v by_o make_v use_n of_o aeneas_n name_n he_o be_v then_o oblige_v to_o set_v the_o destruction_n of_o this_o state_n before_o we_o that_o be_v of_o troy_n and_o to_o begin_v with_o a_o incident_a that_o suppose_v nothing_o precede_v it_o now_o if_o virgil_n have_v make_v the_o siege_n of_o troy_n the_o cause_n of_o its_o ruin_n he_o will_v have_v be_v oblige_v to_o have_v relate_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o siege_n and_o the_o whole_a ten_o year_n war_n or_o else_o he_o must_v have_v begin_v with_o a_o incident_a that_o suppose_v something_o before_o it_o and_o consequent_o that_o beginning_n have_v not_o be_v just_o this_o he_o have_v judgement_n enough_o to_o see_v and_o therefore_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o treachery_n of_o sinon_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o trojan_a horse_n which_o be_v a_o incident_a that_o suppose_v nothing_o before_o it_o for_o the_o town_n may_v have_v be_v take_v by_o this_o stratagem_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o siege_n as_o well_o as_o at_o the_o ten_o year_n end_n and_o virgil_n be_v so_o far_o from_o derive_v the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n from_o the_o siege_n that_o at_o ten_o year_n end_n he_o show_v you_o the_o town_n in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n and_o the_o grecian_n break_v and_o conquer_v fracti_fw-la bello_fw-la fatisque_fw-la repulsi_fw-la ductores_fw-la danaum_fw-la tot_fw-la jam_fw-la labentibus_fw-la annis_fw-la instar_fw-la montis_fw-la equum_fw-la divina_fw-la palladis_fw-la arte_fw-la aedisicant_fw-la and_o consequent_o he_o make_v the_o set_n up_o of_o the_o trojâ—…n_a horse_n the_o very_a first_o cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o troy_n thus_o virgil_n by_o his_o address_n and_o his_o admirable_a judgement_n have_v a_o recourse_n to_o a_o just_a beginning_n almost_o the_o very_a same_o expedient_a which_o virgil_n make_v use_v of_o lay_v before_o mr._n blackmore_n but_o he_o not_o have_v a_o equal_a degree_n of_o judgement_n do_v not_o see_v it_o but_o use_v it_o without_o its_o advantage_n for_o mr._n blackmore_n action_n true_o and_o natural_o begin_v with_o the_o treachery_n of_o carvil_n the_o battle_n before_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v describe_v at_o length_n for_o that_o battle_n be_v so_o far_o from_o contribute_v to_o uter_n ruin_n that_o it_o rather_o secure_v he_o and_o weaken_a the_o saxon_n can_v not_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n carvil_n treachery_n may_v as_o easy_o have_v destroy_v he_o before_o there_o be_v any_o battle_n the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o uter_n attempt_n to_o rescue_v the_o island_n from_o the_o usurpation_n of_o octa_n aught_o to_o have_v be_v describe_v in_o the_o compass_n of_o ten_o line_n
and_o that_o they_o be_v poetical_o bad_a when_o they_o do_v not_o influence_n the_o action_n aristotle_n have_v formal_o declare_v it_o a_o little_a low_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o manner_n when_o they_o be_v not_o necessary_a be_v poetical_o bad_a now_o they_o can_v never_o be_v necessary_a but_o as_o they_o be_v cause_n of_o action_n and_o indeed_o since_o the_o action_n of_o a_o poem_n be_v only_o for_o instruction_n and_o it_o instruct_v by_o its_o cause_n which_o cause_n be_v the_o manner_n i_o can_v find_v out_o a_o reason_n why_o any_o manner_n shall_v be_v show_v which_o be_v not_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n thus_o we_o have_v consider_v the_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n and_o horace_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o bossu_n we_o have_v show_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v well_o mark_v that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v convenient_a that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v like_o and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v equal_a and_o that_o beside_o this_o a_o unity_n of_o character_n be_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o hero_n and_o to_o be_v maintain_v through_o the_o poem_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v the_o reader_n the_o forementioned_a scene_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o character_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o prince_n arthur_n chap._n iii_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o follow_a scene_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o premise_v some_o thing_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o action_n and_o some_o which_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o forego_n scene_n phaedra_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o minos_n and_o pasiphae_n and_o the_o sister_n of_o ariadne_n pasiphae_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o intrigue_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o goddess_n have_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o discovery_n upon_o all_o his_o unhappy_a offspring_n the_o incestuous_a passion_n of_o pasiphae_n be_v very_o well_o know_v and_o so_o be_v the_o love_n of_o her_o daughter_n ariadne_n who_o be_v abandon_v by_o theseus_n on_o the_o shore_n of_o naxos_n one_o of_o the_o aegaean_a isle_n theseus_n afterward_o marry_v her_o sister_n phaedra_n who_o upon_o her_o first_o arrival_n at_o athens_n fall_v desperate_o in_o love_n with_o hippolytus_n the_o son_n of_o theseus_n by_o a_o amazonian_a lady_n but_o phaedra_n be_v a_o lady_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o virtue_n look_v upon_o so_o criminal_a a_o passion_n with_o horror_n and_o resist_v its_o violence_n with_o the_o last_o reluctancy_n she_o keep_v what_o she_o feel_v conceal_v from_o all_o the_o world_n even_o from_o euphrasia_n her_o friend_n and_o her_o confident_a who_o come_v from_o crete_n with_o she_o she_o pretend_v a_o mother-in-law's_a aversion_n for_o hippolytus_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v banish_v her_o presence_n and_o command_v that_o no_o one_o on_o pain_n of_o death_n shall_v presume_v to_o pronounce_v his_o name_n in_o her_o hear_n and_o at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o theseus_n by_o her_o importunity_n to_o send_v his_o son_n to_o tretzene_n a_o town_n that_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o situate_v upon_o the_o aeaean_a sea_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o peloponnesus_n time_n at_o length_n have_v palliate_v her_o passion_n which_o it_o be_v not_o in_o its_o power_n to_o cure_v when_o at_o three_o year_n end_n she_o be_v carry_v by_o her_o husband_n to_o tretzene_n which_o he_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v a_o proper_a place_n for_o her_o residence_n while_o he_o take_v a_o journey_n with_o pirithous_n into_o epirus_n phaedra_n see_v hippolytus_n in_o her_o husband_n absence_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o who_o her_o passion_n break_v out_o with_o so_o much_o redouble_v fury_n that_o this_o unfortunate_a lady_n see_v very_o well_o that_o nothing_o less_o than_o die_a can_v preserve_v her_o honour_n and_o innocence_n she_o resolve_v to_o die_v then_o and_o for_o three_o day_n and_o night_n have_v neither_o sleep_v nor_o receive_v any_o sustenance_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o time_n the_o action_n of_o the_o play_n begin_v which_o be_v open_v by_o hippolytus_n and_o his_o friend_n alcander_n who_o prepare_v the_o audience_n for_o the_o follow_a scene_n phaedra_n resolve_v once_o more_o to_o behold_v the_o light_n in_o order_n to_o which_o she_o send_v euphrasia_n before_o to_o clear_v the_o outward_a court_n of_o the_o palace_n hippolytus_n who_o delight_v in_o hunt_v and_o horse-race_n and_o who_o be_v by_o nature_n averse_a from_o love_n do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o guess_n at_o the_o passion_n of_o phaedra_n and_o euphrasia_n resolve_v to_o take_v this_o opportunity_n for_o the_o make_v a_o last_o effort_n to_o oblige_v her_o distress_n to_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o violent_a and_o so_o strange_a a_o disorder_n three_o thing_n dissuade_v i_o from_o the_o go_v on_o with_o this_o play_n the_o first_o be_v that_o its_o subject_n appear_v to_o depend_v too_o much_o on_o the_o fabulous_a history_n the_o second_o be_v that_o i_o can_v not_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o fatal_a necessity_n which_o lie_v upon_o phaedra_n and_o which_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o her_o ruin_n the_o three_o be_v the_o necessity_n that_o there_o be_v for_o the_o frame_v the_o character_n of_o hippolytus_n not_o resemble_v or_o the_o form_n it_o improper_a for_o the_o english_a stage_n which_o will_v never_o endure_v that_o the_o principal_a person_n of_o the_o drama_n shall_v be_v averse_a from_o love_n hippolytus_n alcander_n euphrasia_n euph._n look_v down_o relentless_a heaven_n look_v down_o ah_o prince_n can_v ever_o trouble_v be_v compare_v to_o i_o amain_o the_o dreadful_a hour_n come_v hurry_v on_o when_o the_o unhappy_a queen_n must_v be_v no_o more_o even_o in_o my_o arm_n she_o languish_v expire_v but_o stubborn_o conceal_v the_o fatal_a cause_n some_o secret_a charm_n eclipse_n all_o her_o brightness_n which_o struggle_v with_o eternal_a night_n in_o vain_a now_o passion_n play_v the_o tyrant_n in_o her_o soul_n and_o rage_a tear_v she_o from_o the_o arm_n of_o fate_n to_o see_v the_o sun_n once_o more_o her_o awful_a grief_n command_v that_o all_o respect_v it_o and_o retire_v but_o see_v she_o come_v hipp._n enough_o i_o will_v instant_o withdraw_v and_o not_o enhance_v it_o by_o my_o hateful_a presence_n exeunt_fw-la hipp._n alc._n enter_v phaedra_n phaed._n stop_v stop_v euphrasia_n for_o i_o faint_v i_o die_v my_o tremble_a knee_n betray_v their_o lifeless_a burden_n alas_o i_o die_v support_v the_o wretched_a phaedra_n my_o eye_n be_v dazzle_v at_o the_o unwonted_a light_n and_o every_o object_n seem_v to_o dance_v around_o they_o the_o world_n appear_v to_o move_v in_o haste_n before_o i_o and_o in_o the_o hurry_n leave_v i_o euph._n you_o power_n you_o cruel_a power_n can_v you_o see_v this_o and_o can_v you_o persevere_v phaed._n god_n how_o these_o ornamental_a trifleâ—…_n plague_v i_o what_o vain_a officious_a hand_n have_v with_o such_o care_n compose_v my_o dress_n and_o rank_v my_o plait_a hair_n o_o fond_a attempt_n to_o beautify_v despair_n how_o every_o thing_n torment_v i_o every_o thing_n conspireâ—…_n to_o undo_v i_o more_o have_v have_v let_v i_o be_v go_v and_o hide_v my_o face_n for_o ever_o euph._n how_o all_o her_o wish_n contradict_v clash_n it_o be_v scarce_o a_o hour_n since_o you_o yourself_o condemn_v your_o barbarous_a design_n upon_o yourself_o since_o you_o provoke_v your_o woman_n artful_a hand_n to_o adorn_v you_o like_o the_o charm_a queen_n of_o athens_n the_o beauteous_a partner_n of_o a_o hero_n bed_n it_o be_v but_o a_o moment_n since_o you_o wish_v once_o more_o to_o see_v the_o cheerful_a lovely_a face_n of_o day_n and_o can_v it_o be_v thus_o hateful_a grow_v already_o phaed._n bright_n glorious_a founder_n of_o a_o mournful_a race_n o_o thou_o of_o who_o my_o lofty_a mother_n dare_v to_o boast_v herself_o aloud_o the_o high_a bear_v daughter_n refulgent_a god_n who_o now_o perhaps_o may_v blush_v at_o the_o distraction_n of_o abandon_v phaedra_n of_o thou_o o_o sun_n i_o come_v to_o take_v my_o leave_n to_o take_v my_o leave_n for_o ever_o euph._n what_o still_o thus_o obstinate_o beâ—…t_v on_o fate_n what_o still_o prepare_v thus_o to_o meet_v that_o death_n which_o but_o too_o fast_a advance_n phaed._n god_n how_o i_o hate_v these_o wall_n this_o loathsome_a court_n o_o for_o the_o chase_n the_o wood_n enchant_a sport_n hark_o the_o sâ—…ril_n cornet_n through_o the_o grove_n resound_v hark_o the_o young_a hunter_n cheer_v his_o faint_a hound_n how_o to_o the_o charm_a cry_n my_o ravish_a heart_n rebound_v euph._n madam_n what_o mean_n phaed._n quick_o let_v some_o transport_v i_o to_o the_o barrier_n whence_o with_o immortal_a rapture_n i_o may_v see_v the_o hero_n in_o his_o glorious_a flight_n to_o conquest_n whilst_o his_o exult_a chariot_n smoke_v along_o the_o dusty_a plain_n euph._n madam_n this_o wild_a discourse_n phaed._n ah_o
digress_v the_o manner_n be_v to_o be_v well_o maintain_v because_o nature_n be_v uniform_a for_o poetry_n be_v a_o imitation_n of_o nature_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o humane_a poetical_a person_n be_v to_o be_v imitation_n of_o men._n now_o if_o nature_n in_o man_n be_v always_o uniform_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o manner_n in_o the_o humane_a poetical_a person_n ought_v never_o to_o vary_v but_o if_o nature_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n may_v sometime_o appear_v irregular_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o humane_a poetical_a person_n may_v in_o some_o case_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o themselves_o thus_o the_o humour_n in_o child_n alter_v every_o hour_n and_o in_o the_o bloom_n of_o youth_n they_o be_v very_o rare_o consistent_a and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o those_o case_n allow_v of_o unequal_a manner_n provide_v the_o inequality_n of_o humour_n be_v throughout_o maintain_v i_o have_v almost_o forget_v another_o sort_n of_o person_n in_o which_o the_o manner_n be_v variable_a and_o those_o be_v such_o as_o come_v indeed_o to_o year_n of_o maturity_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconsistency_n of_o their_o brain_n never_o come_v to_o year_n of_o discretion_n but_o beside_o these_o inborn_a cause_n of_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o manner_n which_o be_v want_v of_o maturity_n and_o defect_n of_o temper_n there_o be_v accidental_a one_o the_o which_o be_v chief_o two_o a_o very_a great_a calamity_n and_o a_o very_a violent_a passion_n which_o have_v both_o be_v see_v to_o inspire_v man_n with_o sentiment_n and_o with_o resolution_n that_o have_v be_v unexpected_a from_o they_o nay_o so_o powerful_a have_v their_o effect_n be_v that_o as_o the_o last_o have_v make_v people_n act_v and_o talk_v with_o transport_v that_o have_v be_v contrary_a to_o the_o bent_n of_o their_o natural_a temper_n so_o the_o first_o have_v be_v often_o know_v to_o assuage_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o most_o turbulent_a passion_n but_o to_o come_v close_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n the_o principal_a character_n of_o a_o epic_a poem_n which_o be_v those_o of_o which_o we_o chief_o treat_v be_v not_o to_o vary_v their_o manner_n at_o every_o turn_n either_o from_o a_o immatureness_n in_o year_n or_o from_o a_o defect_n in_o temper_n because_o such_o a_o frailty_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o those_o extraordinary_a quality_n which_o they_o must_v have_v who_o be_v fit_a to_o oppose_v or_o to_o carry_v on_o great_a design_n and_o though_o even_o such_o person_n as_o these_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a passion_n or_o the_o distress_n of_o some_o strange_a calamity_n yet_o consider_v the_o intrepidity_n of_o their_o nature_n and_o the_o firmness_n of_o their_o resolution_n they_o must_v be_v exceed_o mournful_a or_o terrible_a incident_n which_o can_v either_o subdue_v their_o soul_n by_o the_o force_n of_o a_o passion_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o bent_n of_o their_o natural_a temper_n or_o assuage_v the_o impetuous_a motion_n of_o rage_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o their_o inborn_a vehemence_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o most_o dismal_a of_o all_o misfortune_n which_o can_v make_v mezentius_n bewail_v his_o misery_n and_o bewail_v it_o with_o so_o move_v a_o air_n that_o our_o very_a soul_n be_v pierce_v by_o the_o suffering_n of_o one_o who_o we_o abhâ—…red_v but_o just_a before_o and_o it_o must_v be_v the_o most_o amaze_a of_o all_o catastrophy_n which_o can_v â—…tonish_v and_o break_v the_o wrathful_a mind_n of_o turnus_n and_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o sense_n of_o its_o wretched_a state_n and_o force_v it_o to_o sue_v for_o forgiveness_n to_o one_o who_o it_o have_v with_o so_o much_o fury_n and_o with_o so_o much_o disdain_v oppose_v let_v we_o now_o consider_v that_o which_o happen_v both_o to_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o mezentius_n as_o we_o have_v say_v above_o be_v a_o contemner_n of_o the_o god_n and_o a_o hater_n of_o men._n yet_o this_o inhuman_a tyrant_n can_v not_o so_o perfect_o divest_v himself_o of_o humanity_n but_o that_o he_o except_v his_o son_n from_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o he_o hate_v a_o son_n who_o indeed_o deserve_v the_o affection_n of_o a_o much_o better_a father_n and_o this_o violence_n of_o love_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o strong_a in_o the_o soul_n of_o this_o barbarian_a because_o all_o its_o softness_n be_v centre_v in_o lausus_n whereas_o the_o tenderness_n of_o other_o man_n be_v in_o different_a degree_n diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a species_n judge_v then_o what_o impression_n the_o cruel_a death_n of_o this_o lovely_a son_n and_o a_o son_n who_o die_v for_o his_o father_n must_v make_v even_o upon_o a_o barbarian_n soul_n can_v any_o one_o be_v surprise_v upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o behold_v even_o the_o bloody_a inhuman_a mezentius_n strew_v dust_n on_o his_o head_n and_o cling_v round_o round_o the_o body_n in_o all_o the_o convulsion_n of_o sorrow_n then_o stretch_v out_o his_o hand_n to_o heaven_n and_o cry_v out_o with_o so_o pathetic_a a_o air._n tantane_n i_o tenuit_fw-la vivendi_fw-la nate_fw-fr voluptas_fw-la ut_fw-la pro_fw-la i_o hostili_fw-la paterer_fw-la succedere_fw-la dextrae_fw-la quem_fw-la genui_fw-la tua_fw-la ne_fw-fr hâ—…c_fw-la genitor_fw-la per_fw-la vulnera_fw-la server_fw-la morte_fw-la tuâ_fw-la vivens_fw-la heu_fw-la nunc_fw-la misero_fw-la mihi_fw-la demum_fw-la exilium_fw-la infoelix_fw-la nunc_fw-la alte_fw-la vulnus_fw-la adactum_fw-la and_o thus_o we_o have_v see_v the_o predominant_a quality_n of_o the_o hero_n character_n appear_v in_o mezentius_n without_o the_o least_o violation_n of_o the_o four_o condition_n of_o the_o manner_n for_o mezentius_n do_v nothing_o upon_o this_o occasion_n but_o what_o nature_n and_o reason_n tell_v we_o he_o will_v do_v upon_o such_o a_o astonish_a incident_a and_o therefore_o he_o do_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v extreme_o regular_a but_o let_v we_o now_o behold_v the_o catastrophe_n of_o turnus_n and_o as_o we_o have_v see_v a_o very_a tender_a passion_n excite_v even_o in_o the_o savage_a mind_n of_o mezentius_n by_o the_o admirable_a address_n of_o a_o most_o deplorable_a incident_a and_o that_o without_o any_o offence_n against_o exact_a regularity_n let_v we_o now_o see_v the_o lofty_a turbulent_a spirit_n of_o turnus_n humble_v by_o the_o plague_n that_o the_o terror_n of_o jove_n inflict_v upon_o he_o let_v we_o see_v this_o wrathful_a outrageous_a prince_n deject_v and_o soft_a and_o supplicate_a let_v we_o see_v this_o intrepid_a and_o hitherto_o invincible_a warrior_n stretch_v out_o his_o hand_n for_o mercy_n and_o not_o for_o conquest_n ille_fw-la bumilis_fw-la supplexque_fw-la oculos_fw-la dextramque_fw-la precantem_fw-la protendens_fw-la equidem_fw-la merui_fw-la nec_fw-la deprecor_fw-la inquit_fw-la vtere_fw-la sort_n tua_fw-la miseri_fw-la te_fw-la siqua_fw-la parentis_fw-la tangere_fw-la cura_fw-la potest_fw-la oro_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o tibi_fw-la talis_fw-la anchises_n genitor_fw-la dauni_n miserere_fw-la senectae_fw-la et_fw-la i_o seu_fw-la corpus_fw-la spoliatum_fw-la lumine_fw-la mavis_fw-la red_a meis_fw-la vicisti_fw-la &_o victum_fw-la tendere_fw-la palmas_fw-la ausonii_fw-la videre_fw-la tua_fw-la est_fw-la lavinia_n conjux_fw-la ulterius_fw-la ne_fw-la tend_v odiis_fw-la here_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o follow_a particular_n first_o he_o acknowledge_v the_o wrong_n which_o he_o have_v do_v to_o aeneas_n by_o unjust_o constrain_a latinus_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o he_o and_o by_o attacking_z his_o man_n in_o his_o absence_n after_o he_o be_v wound_v upon_o the_o break_n the_o league_n second_o he_o confess_v aeneas_n the_o conqueror_n three_o he_o resign_v his_o mistress_n and_o last_o he_o beg_v his_o life_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o character_n of_o the_o violent_a the_o unjust_a and_o inexorable_a turnus_n so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o appear_a violation_n of_o the_o four_o condition_n of_o the_o manner_n but_o upon_o enquiry_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o all_o this_o be_v extreme_o just_a and_o that_o nature_n and_o reasoâ—…_n be_v observe_v the_o rule_n remain_v unviolated_a to_o show_v which_o we_o be_v not_o only_o to_o consider_v that_o now_o the_o fatal_a blow_n have_v be_v strike_v which_o have_v bring_v turnus_n to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o destruction_n and_o lay_v he_o at_o his_o enemy_n mercy_n but_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o short_a view_n of_o what_o happen_v before_o as_o aeneas_n sail_v by_o the_o god_n command_v for_o italy_n so_o his_o arrival_n be_v foretell_v there_o by_o portent_n and_o prodigy_n and_o by_o the_o oracle_n of_o faunus_n the_o last_o of_o which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o two_o have_v not_o only_o deter_v latinus_n from_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o turnus_n but_o have_v just_a before_o the_o arrival_n of_o aeneas_n assure_v he_o that_o a_o foreign_a hero_n be_v come_v who_o be_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o glorious_a empire_n there_o and_o for_o who_o his_o daughter_n
and_o dominion_n be_v both_o predestine_v lib._n 7._o v._n 98._o externi_fw-la veniunt_fw-la generi_fw-la qui_fw-la sanguine_fw-la nostrum_fw-la nomen_fw-la in_o astra_fw-la ferant_fw-la quorumque_fw-la ab_fw-la stirpe_fw-la nepotes_fw-la omnia_fw-la sub_fw-la pedibus_fw-la qua_fw-la sol_fw-la utrumque_fw-la recurrens_fw-la aspicit_fw-la oceanum_n vertique_fw-la regique_fw-la videbunt_fw-la and_o virgil_n take_v care_n to_o show_v that_o what_o this_o oracle_n deliver_v be_v no_o secret_a but_o that_o fame_n have_v take_v care_n to_o divulge_v it_o just_a upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o aeneas_n haec_fw-la responsa_fw-la patris_fw-la fauni_n monitusque_fw-la silenti_fw-la nocte_fw-la datos_fw-la non_fw-la ipse_fw-la svo_fw-la premit_fw-la ore_fw-la latinus_n sed_fw-la circum_fw-la late_a volitans_fw-la jam_fw-la fama_fw-la per_fw-la urbes_fw-la ausonias_fw-la tuler_n at_o cum_fw-la laomedontia_n pubes_fw-la gramineo_fw-la ripâ—…_n religauâ—…_n ab_fw-la aggere_fw-la classem_fw-la ibid._n v_o 105._o yet_o turnus_n though_o he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o this_o urge_v by_o allecto_n and_o his_o inborn_a fury_n heighten_v and_o inflame_v by_o love_n not_o only_o persist_v in_o his_o pretension_n but_o cause_v his_o subject_n to_o arm_n and_o alarm_n his_o neighbour_n and_o constrain_v latinus_n to_o begin_v a_o war_n against_o his_o own_o inclination_n and_o the_o command_v of_o the_o god_n upon_o which_o latinus_n threaten_v he_o with_o the_o certain_a consequence_n of_o so_o impious_a a_o undertake_n frangimur_fw-la heu_fw-la fatis_fw-la inquit_fw-la ferimurque_fw-la procellâ_fw-la ipsi_fw-la have_v sacrilego_fw-la pendetis_fw-la sanguine_fw-la poenas_fw-la o_fw-la miseri_fw-la te_fw-la turn_v nefas_fw-la te_fw-la triste_fw-fr manebit_fw-la supplicium_fw-la votisque_fw-la deos_fw-la venerabere_fw-la seris_fw-la ibid._n 594._o in_o consequence_n of_o which_o turnus_n be_v twice_o beat_v his_o friend_n destroy_v and_o his_o party_n break_v and_o latinus_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o twelve_o book_n take_v care_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o this_o be_v all_o a_o effect_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n and_o turnus_n seem_v to_o be_v sensible_a of_o this_o when_o he_o approach_v the_o altar_n in_o order_n to_o the_o single_a combat_n for_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o altar_n upon_o this_o occasion_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o he_o have_v grievious_o offend_v the_o god_n may_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n be_v believe_v to_o cause_v that_o paleness_n and_o dejection_n which_o appear_v in_o his_o countenance_n incessu_fw-la tacito_fw-la progressus_fw-la &_o aram_fw-la suppliciter_fw-la venerans_fw-la demisso_fw-la lumine_fw-la turnus_n '_o tabenresque_fw-la genae_fw-la &_o juvenali_fw-la in_o corpore_fw-la pallor_n which_o some_o gentleman_n who_o be_v avow_v abhorrer_n of_o think_v have_v take_v to_o proceed_v from_o his_o fear_n of_o the_o single_a combat_n immediate_o afterward_o turnus_n appear_v to_o be_v perfect_o convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o latinus_n predict_v in_o the_o seven_o book_n te_o turn_v nefas_fw-la te_fw-la triste_fw-fr manebit_fw-la supplicium_fw-la votisque_fw-la deos_fw-la venerabere_fw-la seri_fw-la and_o that_o now_o it_o be_v too_o late_o to_o invoke_v the_o god_n and_o that_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o expect_v but_o the_o very_a last_o dreadful_a effect_n of_o the_o divine_a displeasure_n and_o therefore_o he_o invoke_v the_o infernal_a power_n vos_fw-fr o_fw-fr mihi_fw-la manes_fw-la este_fw-la boni_fw-la quoniam_fw-la superis_fw-la aversa_fw-la voluntas_fw-la lib._n 12._o v._n 546._o here_o be_v enough_o already_o to_o bring_v a_o man_n to_o relent_v even_o a_o man_n of_o the_o most_o undaunted_a temper_v if_o he_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o belief_n or_o fear_n of_o the_o god_n in_o he_o but_o immediate_o upon_o this_o the_o terror_n of_o jove_n be_v upon_o he_o who_o send_v down_o one_o of_o his_o fury_n on_o purpose_n to_o astonish_v and_o to_o confound_v he_o turni_fw-la se_fw-la pestis_fw-la ad_fw-la ora_fw-la fertque_fw-la refertque_fw-la sonans_fw-la clipeumque_fw-la everberat_fw-la alis_fw-la illi_fw-la membra_fw-la novus_fw-la solvit_fw-la formidine_fw-la torpor_fw-la arrectaeque_fw-la horrore_fw-la comae_fw-la &_o vox_fw-la faucibus_fw-la baesit_fw-la lib._n 12._o v._n 865._o but_o then_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o himself_o he_o discover_v in_o one_o expression_n to_o aeneaâ—…_n both_o the_o fear_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o mind_n non_fw-la i_o tua_fw-la turbida_fw-la torrent_n dicta_fw-la ferox_fw-la dei_fw-la i_o torrent_n &_o jupiter_n hostess_fw-la so_o that_o here_o we_o find_v a_o man_n who_o be_v bring_v by_o a_o long_a train_n of_o calamity_n to_o a_o sense_n of_o his_o crime_n by_o which_o he_o have_v grievous_o offend_v the_o god_n yet_o of_o a_o crime_n which_o proceed_v from_o no_o irreligious_a principle_n but_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o rage_n which_o transport_v and_o cloud_v his_o mind_n and_o hurry_v he_o on_o to_o his_o ruin_n but_o though_o turnus_n discover_v considerateness_n he_o yet_o awhile_o show_v no_o fear_n he_o be_v by_o nature_n intrepid_a and_o furious_a and_o incapable_a of_o fear_n but_o here_o see_v the_o admirable_a address_n of_o the_o poet._n for_o who_o can_v jupiter_n terrify_v jupiter_n take_v care_n to_o plague_v he_o with_o a_o passion_n who_o motion_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o those_o of_o his_o natural_a fury_n for_o fear_n and_o rage_n be_v inconsistent_a affection_n see_v then_o the_o terror_n of_o jove_n upon_o he_o which_o dispel_v the_o remain_n of_o his_o rage_n and_o bring_v he_o perfect_o to_o a_o sense_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o crime_n which_o flash_v full_a in_o his_o conscience_n he_o feel_v the_o amaze_a effect_n of_o the_o god_n displeasure_n for_o go_v against_o their_o command_n for_o audacious_o endeavour_v to_o oppose_v their_o supreme_a decree_n and_o for_o wage_a a_o unjust_a and_o a_o impious_a war_n against_o 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to_o ourselves_o that_o we_o most_o commiserate_v in_o other_o now_o the_o thought_n of_o be_v injure_v or_o ruin_v by_o a_o friend_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o terrible_a than_o the_o apprehension_n of_o a_o like_a calamity_n from_o a_o stranger_n or_o enemy_n for_o there_o be_v something_o of_o baseness_n in_o fear_v this_o last_o whereas_o the_o brave_a man_n for_o his_o friend_n sake_n may_v be_v allow_v to_o fear_v the_o first_o there_o be_v three_o way_n say_v aristotle_n by_o which_o a_o friend_n may_v oppress_v or_o destroy_v a_o friend_n the_o first_o be_v when_o action_n be_v represent_v which_o be_v do_v by_o person_n who_o act_n with_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n and_o that_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o ancient_a poet_n euripides_n follow_v it_o when_o he_o represent_v medea_n kill_v her_o child_n the_o second_o way_n be_v when_o person_n be_v make_v to_o act_n who_o do_v not_o know_v the_o blackness_n of_o the_o fact_n they_o commit_v but_o who_o after_o the_o commit_v it_o come_v to_o know_v the_o relation_n and_o the_o friendship_n which_o be_v between_o themselves_o and_o the_o person_n who_o they_o through_o revenge_n destroy_v as_o the_o sophoclean_a oedipus_n it_o be_v true_a in_o sophocles_n that_o action_n of_o oedipus_n be_v out_o of_o the_o tragedy_n behold_v one_o that_o be_v in_o the_o action_n of_o the_o tragedy_n and_o that_o be_v the_o death_n of_o eriphyle_n kill_v by_o alcmeon_n in_o the_o poet_n astydamas_n and_o another_o be_v the_o wound_n of_o ulysses_n by_o his_o son_n telegonus_n a_o three_o way_n be_v when_o a_o person_n be_v about_o to_o commit_v a_o black_a action_n by_o ignorance_n and_o come_v to_o discover_v it_o before_o the_o commit_v it_o of_o these_o say_v aristotle_n the_o first_o be_v the_o worst_a the_o second_o say_v he_o be_v good_a because_o the_o action_n have_v nothing_o that_o be_v villainous_a in_o it_o and_o the_o discovery_n be_v very_o pathetic_a but_o the_o last_o be_v incomparable_o the_o 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easy_o ignorant_a one_o of_o another_o or_o if_o they_o be_v the_o attempt_v one_o upon_o another_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n make_v the_o fable_n episodick_n and_o the_o action_n double_a to_o do_v otherwise_o it_o must_v certain_o be_v manage_v with_o a_o extreme_a address_n tasso_n indeed_o provide_v tancredi_n a_o amazonian_a mistress_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o who_o he_o kill_v in_o her_o vvarrior_n accoutrement_n and_o immediate_o after_o it_o upon_o lift_v up_o her_o helmet_n know_v she_o this_o be_v according_a to_o the_o second_o precept_n of_o aristotle_n which_o we_o have_v cite_v above_o and_o the_o discovery_n be_v very_o pathetic_a gier_n cant._n 12._o st._n 67._o la_fw-fr vide_fw-la e_fw-la la_fw-fr connobbe_v &_o restó_n senza_n e_o voce_fw-mi e_fw-it moto_fw-mi ahi_fw-la vista_fw-la ahi_fw-la conoscenza_n he_o see_v she_o and_o he_o know_v she_o and_o be_v strike_v speechless_a and_o motionless_a what_o a_o sight_n be_v there_o and_o what_o a_o discovery_n this_o tasso_n have_v do_v but_o the_o character_n of_o clorinda_n be_v liable_a to_o censure_n because_o it_o have_v not_o all_o the_o probability_n which_o may_v be_v require_v for_o that_o very_a reason_n the_o incident_a can_v be_v justify_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v very_o well_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a if_o not_o impossible_a to_o contrive_v the_o incident_n in_o a_o epic_a poem_n as_o they_o be_v frame_v in_o a_o tragedy_n this_o virgil_n see_v very_o well_o and_o therefore_o since_o it_o be_v not_o in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v his_o incident_n tragical_a he_o do_v his_o endeavour_n to_o bring_v they_o as_o near_o as_o he_o possible_o can_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o tragical_a incident_n and_o since_o he_o can_v not_o bring_v it_o about_o that_o a_o friend_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o friend_n which_o with_o a_o little_a address_n may_v be_v compass_v in_o tragedy_n he_o at_o least_o contrive_v that_o a_o friend_n shall_v occasion_v the_o death_n of_o a_o friend_n which_o too_o be_v very_o pathetic_a now_o in_o the_o term_n friend_n aristotle_n include_v relation_n as_o dacier_n have_v observe_v in_o his_o remark_n upon_o that_o place_n in_o virgil_n then_o to_o mention_v no_o more_o we_o have_v three_o very_a pathetic_a episodes_n in_o the_o ten_o book_n we_o see_v a_o son_n die_v for_o his_o father_n in_o the_o nine_o we_o have_v a_o friend_n who_o die_v for_o his_o friend_n and_o in_o the_o four_o we_o find_v a_o mistress_n who_o kill_v herself_o for_o her_o lover_n so_o that_o in_o that_o admirable_a poet_n we_o have_v three_o calamity_n occasion_v by_o three_o of_o the_o dear_a tie_v that_o ever_o be_v know_v to_o man._n and_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o character_n in_o those_o place_n admirable_o contrive_v for_o the_o exciting_a terror_n and_o pity_n lausus_n in_o the_o ten_o book_n be_v a_o young_a prince_n of_o extraordinary_a hope_n conspicuous_a for_o his_o courage_n and_o for_o his_o filial_a affection_n but_o his_o fault_n be_v presumption_n and_o obstinacy_n he_o attack_n aeneas_z to_o save_v his_o father_n and_o so_o far_o he_o be_v pardonable_a but_o after_o his_o father_n have_v by_o his_o assistance_n escape_v he_o ought_v to_o have_v desist_v and_o to_o have_v take_v the_o warn_v which_o the_o trojan_a with_o so_o much_o generosity_n give_v he_o lib._n 10._o v._n 811._o quo_fw-la moriture_n ruis_fw-la majoraque_fw-la viribus_fw-la audes_fw-ge fallit_fw-la te_fw-la incautum_fw-la pietas_fw-la tua_fw-la nec_fw-la minus_fw-la ille_fw-la exultat_fw-la demens_fw-la but_o instead_o of_o that_o he_o persevere_fw-la to_o his_o ruin_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n nisus_n show_v courage_n friendship_n and_o loyalty_n and_o concern_v for_o his_o prince_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o zeal_n for_o the_o common_a cause_n lib._n 9_o v._n 176._o nisus_n erat_fw-la porte_fw-fr custos_fw-la acerrimus_fw-la armis_fw-la hyrtacides_n lib._n 9_o v._n 192._o aenean_n acciri_fw-la omnes_fw-la populusque_fw-la patresque_fw-la exposcunt_fw-la mittique_n viros_fw-la qui_fw-la certa_fw-la reportent_fw-la si_fw-mi tibi_fw-la quae_fw-la posco_fw-la promittunt_fw-la nam_fw-la mihi_fw-la facti_fw-la fama_fw-la sit_v est_fw-la euryalus_n appear_v to_o have_v the_o same_o quality_n mene_n igitur_fw-la socium_fw-la summis_fw-la adjungere_fw-la rebus_fw-la nise_n fugis_fw-la solum_fw-la te_fw-la in_fw-la tanta_fw-la pericula_fw-la mittam_fw-la non_fw-fr it_o a_o i_o genitor_fw-la bellis_fw-la assuetus_fw-la opheltes_n argolicum_fw-la terrorem_fw-la inter_fw-la trojaeque_fw-la labores_fw-la sublatum_fw-la erudiit_fw-la nec_fw-la tecum_fw-la talia_fw-la gessi_fw-la magnanimum_fw-la aenean_n &_o fata_fw-la extrema_fw-la secutus_fw-la for_o though_o virgil_n have_v every_o where_o else_o admirable_o distinguish_v his_o character_n he_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o judgement_n in_o this_o episode_n make_v his_o two_o friend_n resemble_v and_o as_o their_o virtue_n be_v the_o same_o their_o fault_n be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v a_o headstrong_a ambition_n lib._n 9_o v._n 184._o nisus_n ait_fw-la diine_o hunc_fw-la ardorem_fw-la mentibus_fw-la addunt_fw-la euryale_n a_o sua_fw-la cuique_fw-la deus_fw-la fit_a dira_fw-la cupido_fw-la aut_fw-la pugnam_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquid_fw-la jamdudum_fw-la invadere_fw-la magnum_fw-la mens_fw-la agitat_fw-la mihi_fw-la nec_fw-la placid_n â_fw-la contenta_fw-la quiet_a est_fw-la euryalus_n say_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o he_o est_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la animus_n lucis_fw-la contemptor_n &_o istum_fw-la qui_fw-la vit_fw-mi â_fw-la bene_fw-la credet_fw-la emi_fw-it quo_fw-la tendis_fw-la honorem_fw-la from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o though_o they_o be_v concern_v for_o their_o prince_n and_o their_o fellow-countryman_n yet_o ambition_n be_v the_o first_o motive_n to_o their_o action_n and_o it_o according_o prove_v unfortunate_a and_o this_o vicious_a passion_n that_o be_v the_o motive_n to_o the_o action_n cause_v it_o to_o miscarry_v for_o that_o engage_v they_o in_o the_o slaughter_n of_o their_o enemy_n
till_o the_o arrival_n of_o volscens_n though_o they_o know_v that_o the_o fate_n of_o their_o country_n depend_v on_o the_o success_n of_o their_o voyage_n as_o that_o depend_v upon_o the_o expedition_n of_o their_o passage_n nisus_n seem_v to_o be_v sensible_a of_o this_o as_o virgil_n who_o love_v to_o instruct_v by_o action_n and_o who_o hate_v to_o moralize_v have_v artful_o contrive_v it_o to_o hint_n his_o instruction_n to_o the_o reader_n lib._n 9_o v._n 353._o brevitcr_n cum_fw-la talia_fw-la nisus_n sensit_fw-la enim_fw-la nimi_fw-la â_fw-la caede_fw-la atque_fw-la cupidine_fw-la ferri_fw-la absistamus_fw-la ait_fw-la in_o the_o four_o book_n we_o see_v the_o separation_n of_o aeneas_n and_o dido_n which_o alone_o be_v productive_a of_o compassion_n as_o aristotle_n have_v observe_v in_o the_o ten_o chapter_n of_o his_o rhetoric_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v tear_v from_o one_o friend_n and_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v a_o long_a time_n converse_v excite_v compassion_n but_o that_o be_v not_o all_o the_o vehemence_n of_o her_o passion_n constrain_v she_o to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o herself_o and_o such_o a_o catastrophe_n from_o such_o a_o cause_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v very_o deplorable_a as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o let_v we_o now_o consider_v the_o character_n of_o dido_n as_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o bossu_n and_o we_o shall_v easy_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o compound_v of_o virtue_n and_o fault_n which_o composition_n be_v proper_a for_o the_o exciting_a terror_n and_o pity_n but_o that_o by_o the_o opposition_n it_o have_v to_o that_o of_o aeneas_n it_o be_v contrive_v to_o give_v the_o last_o satisfaction_n to_o all_o who_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o carthaginian_a and_o roman_a state_n dido_n say_v bossu_n be_v the_o first_o person_n who_o the_o poet_n present_v to_o we_o and_o be_v after_o the_o hero_n the_o most_o considerable_a one_o of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o aeneis_n she_o be_v the_o foundress_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a state_n as_o aeneas_n be_v the_o founder_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o she_o represent_v the_o obstacle_n which_o that_o commonwealth_n oppose_v to_o the_o victorious_a progress_n which_o at_o last_o exalt_v rome_n to_o the_o world_n empire_n as_o then_o the_o poet_n have_v stamp_v the_o character_n of_o the_o roman_a state_n on_o his_o hero_n she_o ought_v to_o have_v that_o of_o carthage_n imprint_v on_o she_o behold_v she_o then_o passionate_a violent_a bold_a undertake_v ambitious_a and_o false_a to_o her_o word_n and_o all_o these_o quality_n be_v set_v in_o motion_n by_o trick_n which_o be_v the_o character_n and_o the_o soul_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v by_o trick_n that_o she_o make_v all_o her_o great_a undertake_n succeed_v that_o she_o revenge_n her_o husband_n chastise_v her_o brother_n deceive_v jarbas_n it_o be_v by_o the_o same_o quality_n that_o she_o resolve_v to_o stop_v aeneas_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v it_o about_o she_o deceive_v her_o sister_n who_o be_v she_o only_o confident_a as_o ill_a and_o as_o odious_a as_o this_o character_n appear_v to_o the_o reader_n virgil_n be_v force_v upon_o it_o by_o the_o first_o plan_n of_o his_o fable_n but_o as_o far_o as_o the_o necessity_n of_o that_o fable_n permit_v he_o he_o have_v take_v care_n according_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o aristotle_n to_o bestow_v on_o this_o character_n all_o the_o soften_a which_o will_v consist_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o to_o exalt_v it_o by_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o which_o he_o find_v it_o capable_a dido_n in_o the_o action_n of_o the_o poem_n at_o least_o do_v not_o make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o her_o wit_n unless_o with_o intention_n to_o stop_v aeneas_n at_o carthage_n and_o she_o be_v compel_v to_o it_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o passion_n which_o take_v from_o the_o odium_n of_o the_o action_n and_o leave_v a_o place_n for_o the_o reader_n tear_n and_o for_o his_o compassion_n of_o the_o pain_n which_o she_o suffer_v and_o of_o the_o death_n to_o which_o she_o condemn_v herself_o beside_o he_o make_v she_o exercise_v her_o cunning_a on_o legitimate_a illustrious_a and_o glorious_a occasion_n he_o bestow_v on_o she_o quality_n that_o be_v true_o imperial_a she_o discover_v with_o bounty_n and_o with_o magnificence_n a_o uncommon_a esteem_n for_o virtue_n all_o this_o be_v show_v in_o the_o oblige_a manner_n with_o which_o she_o receive_v the_o trojan_n even_o before_o she_o have_v see_v aeneas_n from_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o character_n be_v take_v by_o bossu_n to_o be_v very_o capable_a of_o raise_v compassion_n as_o contain_v a_o mixture_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a in_o it_o and_o we_o have_v show_v above_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o her_o calamity_n which_o be_v the_o extraordinary_a force_n of_o love_n be_v above_o all_o thing_n proper_a for_o the_o exciting_a of_o that_o affection_n and_o the_o presumption_n which_o we_o have_v find_v in_o lausus_n and_o the_o ambition_n which_o we_o have_v discover_v in_o nisus_n be_v neither_o great_a crime_n nor_o shameful_a infirmity_n but_o be_v rather_o creditable_a though_o ungovernable_a passion_n but_o to_o come_v to_o mr._n blackmore_n there_o be_v but_o three_o passage_n in_o all_o his_o poem_n by_o which_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o excite_v compassion_n the_o first_o be_v the_o death_n of_o macor_n in_o the_o eight_o book_n the_o second_o be_v the_o supplication_n of_o elda_n for_o her_o husband_n life_n in_o the_o same_o book_n the_o three_o be_v the_o death_n of_o uter_n relate_v by_o lucius_n to_o hoel_n king_n of_o armorica_n first_o for_o macor_n his_o character_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v right_o compose_v nor_o to_o have_v the_o requisite_a mixture_n of_o good_a and_o bad_a in_o it_o nor_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o his_o death_n be_v occasion_v by_o his_o fault_n nor_o be_v it_o occasion_v by_o a_o friend_n but_o cause_v by_o a_o enemy_n which_o make_v the_o compassion_n so_o much_o the_o weak_a and_o then_o for_o elda_n the_o passion_n which_o mr._n blackmore_n design_n to_o raise_v by_o she_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o prepare_v first_o we_o never_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v of_o she_o before_o her_o supplication_n begin_v and_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o her_o character_n before_o that_o it_o may_v have_v make_v the_o deep_a impression_n on_o we_o but_o second_o she_o have_v no_o character_n for_o no_o quality_n appear_v in_o she_o but_o the_o love_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o no_o one_o quality_n can_v form_v a_o character_n three_o she_o be_v never_o in_o any_o danger_n of_o what_o she_o pretend_v to_o fear_v for_o the_o reader_n know_v upon_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o her_o petition_n that_o arthur_n will_v spare_v her_o husband_n and_o consequent_o can_v be_v in_o the_o least_o concern_v for_o she_o and_o four_a this_o petition_n rather_o show_v a_o foolish_a fondness_n than_o a_o very_a violent_a passion_n for_o though_o nothing_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o the_o exciting_a compassion_n than_o a_o disastrous_a love_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o to_o compass_v the_o end_n design_v by_o it_o it_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v join_v not_o only_o with_o good_a sense_n but_o likewise_o with_o greatness_n of_o mind_n but_o to_o come_v to_o uter_n his_o calamity_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o enemy_n and_o not_o occasion_v by_o a_o friend_n nor_o be_v his_o character_n frame_v for_o the_o exciting_a compassion_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o lucius_n say_v of_o he_o in_o his_o relation_n to_o hoel_n in_o the_o four_o book_n win_v by_o the_o potent_a charm_n of_o saxon_a gold_n carvil_n his_o prince_n and_o native_a country_n sold._n he_o in_o indulgent_a uter_n be_v bosom_n lay_v and_o do_v the_o secret_n of_o his_o breast_n betray_v he_o on_o his_o conduct_n and_o his_o faith_n rely_v in_o peace_n and_o war_n alike_o his_o treacherous_a guide_n he_o hold_v the_o most_o important_a trust_n of_o state_n nor_o can_v his_o treason_n uter_n be_v love_n abate_v unhappy_a prince_n that_o still_o his_o foe_n believe_v only_o by_o ruin_n to_o be_v undeceive_v to_o friend_n ingrate_a his_o foe_n he_o entertain_v thus_o lose_v the_o one_o but_o not_o the_o other_o gain_v wise_o undo_v he_o know_v his_o friend_n too_o late_o by_o his_o own_o prudence_n manage_v to_o his_o fate_n our_o prayer_n and_o warning_n tire_v his_o ear_n invain_n perfidious_a council_n only_o can_v obtain_v rough_a truth_n and_o loyal_a bluntness_n gall_v his_o ear_n that_o only_o soft_a melodious_a sound_n can_v bear_v his_o firm_a and_o loyal_a friend_n though_o hardly_o use_v look_v on_o enrage_v to_o see_v their_o prince_n abuse_v though_o some_o grow_v cold_a cease_v to_o lament_v his_o fate_n for_o will_n and_o choice_n compassion_n still_o abate_v thus_o be_v this_o uter_n
little_a incident_a this_o they_o see_v very_o well_o and_o see_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o this_o general_a action_n must_v be_v their_o own_o creation_n that_o be_v that_o it_o must_v be_v a_o feign_a one_o or_o in_o other_o word_n a_o fable_n that_o the_o feign_n that_o be_v the_o imitate_v a_o action_n be_v the_o likely_a way_n both_o to_o instruct_v and_o please_v that_o imitation_n be_v natural_a to_o man_n and_o that_o nothing_o delight_v we_o more_o and_o that_o imitation_n alone_o make_v a_o writer_n of_o verse_n a_o poet._n to_o give_v all_o this_o still_o further_a light_n by_o example_n the_o design_n that_o virgil_n have_v in_o write_v the_o aeneis_n be_v to_o reconcile_v all_o the_o world_n and_o more_o particular_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o new_a establishment_n and_o the_o person_n of_o augustus_n caesar._n to_o compass_v this_o design_n of_o he_o he_o frame_v this_o general_n maxim_n that_o those_o good_a and_o great_a man_n of_o who_o heaven_n make_v choice_n for_o the_o instrument_n of_o its_o great_a design_n be_v high_o favour_v and_o protect_v by_o heaven_n and_o that_o their_o opposer_n be_v impious_a in_o vain_a and_o shall_v be_v severe_o punish_v for_o their_o impiety_n after_o he_o have_v do_v this_o he_o find_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o teach_v this_o precept_n will_v be_v to_o convey_v it_o by_o example_n that_o be_v by_o action_n but_o he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o from_o a_o particular_a action_n a_o general_n precept_n can_v not_o be_v deduce_v upon_o which_o he_o form_v this_o universal_a and_o allegorical_a action_n a_o great_a state_n be_v destroy_v by_o its_o enemy_n and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o heaven_n for_o the_o injustice_n of_o those_o who_o govern_v it_o but_o one_o man_n who_o be_v great_o good_a and_o who_o be_v not_o a_o accomplice_n in_o that_o injustice_n be_v preserve_v by_o heaven_n and_o be_v choose_v king_n by_o the_o remnant_n of_o his_o wretched_a countryman_n with_o who_o and_o with_o his_o god_n he_o sail_v to_o a_o foreign_a land_n to_o which_o he_o be_v command_v by_o those_o very_a god_n and_o there_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o mighty_a empire_n to_o his_o own_o glory_n and_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o all_o who_o dare_v to_o expose_v he_o thus_o virgil_n form_v a_o general_n action_n upon_o a_o universal_a maxim_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v what_o the_o fable_n be_v which_o be_v the_o soul_n of_o a_o epic_a poem_n but_o he_o who_o first_o write_v a_o epic_a poem_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o instruct_v by_o action_n and_o by_o general_a action_n which_o alone_o be_v capable_a of_o give_v general_n instruction_n but_o he_o see_v that_o that_o action_n to_o attain_v the_o end_n which_o he_o propound_v to_o reach_v by_o it_o must_v beside_o its_o universality_n have_v likewise_o unity_n and_o that_o for_o the_o follow_a reason_n to_o avoid_v tediousness_n because_o nothing_o that_o over_o burden_n the_o memory_n can_v instruct_v the_o mind_n as_o it_o shall_v do_v and_o therefore_o horace_n give_v this_o general_a rule_n for_o precept_n quicquid_fw-la praecipy_n esto_fw-la brevis_fw-la and_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n for_o nothing_o that_o trouble_v the_o memory_n can_v instruct_v the_o soul_n and_o three_o because_o he_o have_v but_o one_o general_n moral_a maxim_n to_o convey_v by_o it_o for_o he_o know_v very_o well_o that_o one_o main_a doctrine_n well_o inculcate_v will_v be_v sufficient_a at_o one_o time_n for_o the_o infirmity_n of_o humane-kind_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o occasion_n but_o for_o one_o action_n to_o convey_v and_o inculcate_v one_o important_a doctrine_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o look_v back_o and_o sum_v up_o what_o we_o have_v say_v which_o be_v that_o the_o design_n of_o he_o who_o write_v a_o epic_a poem_n be_v to_o give_v moral_a instruction_n to_o mankind_n that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n of_o give_v moral_a instruction_n precept_n and_o example_n or_o in_o other_o word_n action_n that_o historical_a action_n be_v too_o particular_a to_o give_v general_a instruction_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o action_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o a_o epic_a poem_n must_v be_v general_a that_o be_v feign_v or_o in_o other_o word_n a_o fable_n a_o fable_n compound_v of_o truth_n and_o fiction_n the_o truth_n disguise_v and_o convey_v by_o the_o fiction_n then_o we_o proceed_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o action_n beside_o its_o universality_n must_v have_v unity_n and_o thus_o we_o consider_v it_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v do_v till_o we_o come_v to_o make_v that_o general_a action_n singular_a by_o the_o imposition_n of_o name_n but_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v what_o have_v be_v all_o along_o hint_v that_o the_o action_n be_v only_o frame_v for_o the_o instruction_n and_o that_o it_o be_v design_v for_o a_o proof_n of_o the_o moral_a that_o every_o part_n of_o that_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o gradual_a progress_n in_o the_o proof_n and_o that_o consequent_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o dependent_a one_o of_o another_o as_o the_o proposition_n be_v of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o that_o to_o insert_v any_o thing_n between_o the_o part_n which_o be_v foreign_a from_o the_o action_n that_o be_v from_o the_o argument_n be_v to_o destroy_v or_o at_o least_o to_o weaken_v that_o argument_n and_o be_v as_o absurd_o impertinent_a as_o a_o parenthesis_n will_v be_v between_o the_o proposition_n of_o a_o categorical_a syllogism_n that_o a_o epic_a poet_n be_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o action_n which_o be_v but_o urge_v his_o argument_n and_o that_o he_o be_v still_o to_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o action_n and_o to_o make_v haste_n to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o argument_n that_o homer_n one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o poet_n apparent_o take_v this_o method_n and_o according_o receive_v commendation_n for_o it_o from_o one_o of_o the_o great_a of_o critic_n semper_fw-la ad_fw-la eventum_fw-la festinat_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o commendation_n be_v plain_a for_o only_o the_o last_o event_n can_v be_v a_o absolute_a proof_n of_o what_o the_o poet_n design_v to_o prove_v which_o be_v either_o that_o success_n attend_v a_o design_n which_o be_v conceive_v by_o virtue_n and_o carry_v on_o by_o â—…rudence_n or_o that_o action_n derive_v from_o ill_a principle_n have_v often_o unhappy_a and_o fatal_a consequenceâ—…_n thus_o far_a we_o have_v consider_v the_o action_n in_o general_a but_o there_o be_v no_o action_n which_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o agent_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v must_v be_v do_v by_o somebody_o the_o poet_n after_o he_o have_v invent_v his_o action_n be_v oblige_v to_o impose_v name_n and_o here_o he_o ought_v to_o observe_v two_o thing_n first_o to_o take_v those_o name_n from_o history_n to_o give_v the_o action_n a_o air_n of_o truth_n second_o to_o take_v the_o name_n of_o king_n and_o ruler_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o make_v this_o action_n important_a for_o the_o divinity_n be_v to_o appear_v concern_v in_o it_o in_o order_n to_o enforce_v the_o moral_a it_o be_v certain_a that_o religion_n be_v the_o only_a solid_a foundation_n even_o of_o moral_a virtue_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o subject_n must_v be_v important_a to_o make_v it_o in_o some_o measure_n deserve_v of_o the_o care_n of_o so_o august_n a_o superintendent_a well_o then_o illustrious_a name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o the_o person_n to_o heighten_v the_o subject_a and_o to_o distinguish_v the_o actor_n which_o imposition_n of_o name_n do_v in_o some_o measure_n make_v that_o action_n singular_a which_o be_v before_o general_n but_o as_o that_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o make_v singular_a be_v still_o at_o the_o bottom_n general_n so_o those_o poetical_a person_n to_o which_o particular_a name_n be_v assign_v remain_v at_o the_o bottom_n universal_a and_o allegorical_a as_o soon_o as_o the_o poet_n have_v impose_v his_o name_n he_o be_v to_o frame_v his_o episodes_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o action_n extend_v by_o probable_a circumstance_n this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v till_o after_o the_o name_n be_v impose_v because_o if_o the_o poet_n shall_v find_v that_o any_o thing_n will_v accommodate_v he_o which_o be_v real_o do_v by_o the_o person_n to_o who_o those_o name_n belong_v he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o advantage_n of_o it_o that_o thus_o he_o may_v make_v his_o action_n credible_a by_o make_v it_o enter_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o history_n but_o here_o he_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o episodes_n do_v not_o corrupt_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n for_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v above_o and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a not_o to_o do_v that_o they_o be_v to_o have_v