the_o useful_a stock_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o least_o one_o three_o part_n and_o great_o â—ase_v the_o course_n of_o trade_n as_o i_o humble_o conceive_v this_o will_v do_v i_o hope_v none_o will_v deny_v but_o it_o may_v consist_v with_o the_o wisdom_n of_o parliament_n to_o create_v new_a law_n 3._o most_o of_o our_o statute_n be_v make_v in_o time_n before_o we_o understand_v trade_n in_o england_n and_o the_o same_o policy_n and_o law_n that_o be_v good_a then_o and_o may_v yet_o be_v good_a for_o a_o country_n destitute_a of_o commerce_n may_v not_o be_v so_o fit_a for_o we_o now_o nor_o for_o any_o nation_n so_o abound_v with_o trade_n as_o england_n do_v at_o present_a object_n 2._o may_v not_o this_o occasion_n many_o cheat_n and_o law_n suit_v answ._n 1._o i_o answer_v no_o experience_n manifest_v the_o contrary_a not_o only_o in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n abroad_o where_o transferrance_n of_o bill_n of_o debt_n be_v in_o use_n but_o even_o in_o our_o own_o where_o 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shall_v be_v presume_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v for_o ready_a money_n chap._n vi_o concern_v a_o court_n merchant_n i_o have_v conceive_v great_a hope_n from_o the_o late_a most_o prudent_a and_o charitable_a institution_n of_o that_o judicature_n for_o determination_n of_o difference_n touch_v house_n burn_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n in_o london_n that_o this_o kingdom_n will_v at_o length_n be_v bless_v with_o a_o happy_a method_n for_o the_o speedy_a easy_a and_o cheap_a decide_n of_o difference_n between_o merchant_n master_n of_o ship_n and_o seaman_n etc._n etc._n by_o some_o court_n or_o court_n of_o merchant_n like_o those_o which_o be_v establish_v in_o most_o of_o the_o great_a city_n and_o town_n in_o france_n holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o want_n whereof_o in_o england_n be_v and_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o great_a bar_n to_o the_o progress_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o merchant_n happen_v to_o have_v difference_n with_o master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n upon_o charter-party_n or_o account_n beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n the_o suit_n be_v common_o first_o commence_v in_o the_o admiralty_n court_n where_o after_o tedious_a attendance_n and_o vast_a expense_n probable_o just_a before_o the_o cause_n shall_v come_v to_o determination_n it_o be_v either_o remove_v into_o the_o deligate_n where_o it_o may_v hang_v in_o suspense_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v empty_a purse_n and_o grey_a head_n or_o else_o because_o most_o contract_n for_o martain_n affair_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o most_o accident_n happen_v in_o some_o river_n or_o harbour_n here_o or_o beyond_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o alto_fw-mi mari_fw-fr the_o defendant_n bring_v his_o writ_n of_o prohibition_n and_o remove_v the_o cause_n into_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o king's-bench_n where_o after_o great_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o money_n it_o be_v well_o if_o we_o can_v make_v our_o own_o council_n be_v common_a lawyer_n understand_v one_o half_a of_o our_o case_n we_o be_v among_o they_o as_o in_o a_o foreign_a country_n our_o language_n strange_a to_o they_o and_o they_o as_o strange_a to_o we_o after_o all_o no_o attestation_n of_o foreign_a notary_n nor_o other_o public_a instrument_n from_o beyond_o sea_n be_v evidence_n at_o law_n and_o the_o account_n depend_v consist_v perhaps_o of_o a_o hundred_o or_o more_o several_a article_n which_o be_v as_o so_o many_o issue_n at_o law_n the_o cause_n must_v come_v into_o the_o chancery_n where_o after_o many_o year_n tedious_a travel_n to_o westminster_n with_o black_a box_n and_o green_a bag_n when_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n have_v tire_v their_o body_n distract_v their_o mind_n and_o consume_v their_o estate_n the_o cause_n if_o ever_o it_o be_v end_v be_v common_o by_o order_n of_o that_o court_n refer_v to_o merchant_n end_v miserable_o where_o it_o may_v have_v have_v at_o first_o a_o happy_a issue_n if_o it_o have_v begin_v right_o from_o whence_o follow_v these_o national_a inconvenience_n 1._o it_o be_v a_o vast_a expense_n to_o the_o person_n concern_v 2._o it_o take_v off_o man_n from_o follow_v their_o calling_n to_o the_o public_a loss_n as_o well_o as_o the_o particular_a damage_n of_o the_o concern_v that_o time_n be_v lose_v to_o the_o nation_n that_o be_v spend_v in_o law-suit_n 3._o it_o make_v man_n after_o they_o have_v once_o attain_v indifferent_a estate_n to_o leave_v trading_n and_o for_o ease_n to_o turn_v country-gentleman_n whereas_o great_a and_o experience_a man_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o must_v mate_v the_o dutch_a in_o trade_n if_o ever_o we_o do_v it_o 4._o it_o be_v my_o opinion_n a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o prodigality_n idleness_n and_o injustice_n of_o many_o of_o our_o master_n of_o ship_n in_o england_n and_o consequent_o a_o wonderful_a bar_n to_o the_o growth_n of_o our_o english_a navigation_n who_o know_v that_o their_o owner_n can_v legal_o eject_v they_o especial_o if_o the_o master_n have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n himself_o but_o that_o remedy_n to_o the_o owner_n will_v be_v worse_o than_o the_o disease_n which_o occasion_n master_n to_o presume_v to_o do_v those_o thing_n and_o be_v guilty_a of_o such_o neglect_v as_o natural_o they_o will_v not_o if_o they_o stand_v more_o upon_o their_o good_a behaviour_n i_o can_v say_v much_o more_o of_o the_o damage_n this_o nation_n sustain_v by_o the_o want_n of_o a_o law-merchant_n but_o that_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o all_o man_n experience_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o long_o insist_v upon_o it_o but_o proceed_v humble_o to_o propose_v some_o particular_n which_o be_v due_o consider_v may_v peradventure_o by_o wise_a head_n be_v improve_v towards_o the_o cure_n of_o this_o evil_a viz._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v erect_v within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n a_o stand_a court-merchant_n to_o consist_v of_o twelve_o able_a merchant_n such_o as_o shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o livery_n man_n of_o the_o say_a city_n in_o their_o common_a hall_n at_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n herein_o after_o limit_v and_o appoint_v 2._o that_o the_o say_v twelve_o person_n so_o to_o be_v elect_v or_o any_o three_o or_o more_o of_o they_o sit_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o place_n and_o not_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v account_v judiciary_n merchant_n and_o authorize_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o difference_n and_o demand_n whatsoever_o which_o have_v arisen_a and_o be_v not_o hitherto_o determine_v or_o may_v any_o way_n arise_v between_o merchant_n tradesman_n artificer_n master_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n seaman_n boat-man_n and_o freighter_n of_o ship_n or_o any_o other_o person_n have_v relation_n to_o merchandize_v trade_n or_o ship_n for_o or_o concern_v any_o
and_o put_v the_o whole_a issue_n upon_o this_o for_o the_o french_a in_o fact_n have_v bring_v down_o the_o use_n of_o money_n under_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z and_z that_z to_z 5_o per_fw-mi cent_z late_o as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v and_o do_v believe_v and_o if_o they_o have_v omit_v this_o all_o their_o bussle_v in_o other_o thing_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a in_o conclusion_n the_o sweed_n likewise_o since_o they_o establish_v their_o council_n of_o trade_n and_o set_v themselves_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o make_v themselves_o considerable_a by_o trade_n have_v reduce_v their_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n his_o follow_a word_n be_v do_v italy_n and_o holland_n owe_v their_o trade_n and_o riches_n to_o the_o lowness_n of_o usury_n or_o to_o thâ—ir_n innate_a frugality_n wonderful_a industry_n and_o admirable_a art_n &_o c_o i_o answer_v low_a interest_n be_v the_o natural_a mother_n of_o frugality_n industry_n and_o art_n which_o i_o hope_v the_o gentleman_n eye_n will_v be_v open_a enough_o to_o see_v by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v read_v a_o little_a further_o and_o consider_v two_o or_o three_o year_n long_o but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v how_o can_v a_o low_a interest_n be_v the_o natural_a mother_n of_o frugality_n when_o if_o this_o gentleman_n be_v to_o be_v believe_v abatement_n of_o our_o vse-money_n bring_v in_o our_o drink_v which_o he_o do_v not_o only_o say_v but_o prove_v as_o he_o think_v by_o a_o instance_n of_o fact_n for_o he_o say_v we_o now_o spend_v usual_o twenty_o thousand_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n and_o he_o believe_v that_o a_o far_o great_a quantity_n be_v yearly_o import_v and_o that_o the_o computation_n of_o spanish_a rhenish_a and_o levant_n wine_n far_o exceed_v the_o former_a so_o that_o by_o his_o calculate_v &_o as_o he_o say_v ground_v upon_o a_o very_a good_a authority_n viz._n a_o report_n to_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v about_o the_o quantity_n of_o forty_o five_o thousand_o tun_n of_o wine_n of_o all_o sort_n import_v annual_o into_o england_n but_o if_o it_o shall_v appear_v in_o fact_n that_o before_o the_o last_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 8_o to_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z we_o do_v usual_o import_v near_o twice_o the_o quantity_n of_o wine_n annual_o we_o now_o do_v and_o that_o now_o in_o all_o sort_n of_o wine_n we_o do_v not_o import_v above_o the_o quantity_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o tun_n yearly_a then_o what_o will_v become_v of_o his_o large_a structure_n build_v upon_o a_o sandy_a foundation_n reader_n this_o be_v the_o case_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n true_o recite_v by_o i_o which_o many_o of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o well_o know_v and_o mistake_v by_o he_o from_o whence_o i_o may_v with_o much_o more_o reason_n infer_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n drive_v out_o our_o drink_v so_o pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la it_o do_v but_o i_o know_v there_o be_v likewise_o other_o cause_n for_o it_o especial_o the_o additional_a duty_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n have_v be_v lay_v upon_o wine_n but_o before_o i_o part_v with_o the_o gentleman_n on_o this_o point_n i_o must_v note_v to_o he_o another_o monstrous_a mistake_n in_o fact_n or_o at_o least_o in_o his_o inference_n viz._n he_o say_v that_o twenty_o thousand_o tun_n of_o french_a wine_n at_o 2_o s._n 8_o d._n per_fw-la gallon_n amount_v to_o 640000_o l._n and_o conclude_v if_o i_o understand_v he_o that_o so_o much_o be_v lose_v to_o england_n whereas_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o he_o suppose_v which_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o any_o measure_n this_o inference_n will_v be_v strange_o erroneous_a for_o by_o the_o expense_n of_o such_o quantity_n we_o can_v rational_o lose_v only_o the_o first_o cost_n which_o be_v but_o about_o 6_o or_o 7_o l._n per_fw-la tun_n and_o that_o amount_v to_o but_o 120000_o l._n or_o 140000_o l._n at_o the_o utmost_a all_o the_o rest_n be_v freight_n custom_n and_o charge_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o our_o own_o countryman_n and_o consequent_o not_o lose_v to_o england_n to_o conclude_v this_o head_n i_o do_v agree_v full_o with_o the_o gentleman_n that_o luxury_n and_o prodigality_n be_v as_o well_o prejudicial_a to_o kingdom_n as_o to_o private_a family_n and_o that_o the_o expense_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n especial_o foreign_a manufacture_n be_v the_o worst_a expense_n a_o nation_n can_v be_v inclinable_a to_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v prevent_v as_o much_o as_o possible_a but_o that_o nothing_o have_v or_o will_v incline_v this_o or_o any_o other_o nation_n more_o to_o thriftiness_n and_o good_a husbandry_n than_o abatement_n of_o interest_n i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n and_o that_o therefore_o all_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v say_v about_o luxury_n etc._n etc._n be_v against_o himself_o and_o for_o lessen_v of_o interest_n the_o gentleman_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o preface_n say_v he_o will_v not_o inquire_v into_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o interest_n but_o leave_v the_o scrupulous_a to_o the_o several_a discourse_n make_v public_a on_o that_o subject_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v agree_v with_o he_o in_o that_o likewise_o and_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o what_o have_v be_v make_v public_a former_o may_v the_o better_o be_v know_v i_o will_v entreat_v those_o that_o will_v be_v thorough_o satisfy_v therein_o diligent_o to_o peruse_v a_o excellent_a treatise_n entitle_v the_o english_a usurer_n or_o usury_n condemn_v be_v a_o collection_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o of_o the_o learned_a father_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o other_o divine_n print_v at_o london_n anno_fw-la 1634_o &_o now_o about_o to_o be_v reprint_v but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o shall_v humble_o presume_v to_o say_v that_o if_o by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n it_o shall_v appear_v that_o the_o interest_n of_o england_n be_v high_o than_o that_o of_o our_o neighbour_n country_n it_o do_v render_v our_o land_n our_o common_a mother_n of_o vile_a and_o base_a esteem_n do_v prevent_v the_o cultivation_n and_o improvement_n of_o our_o country_n as_o otherwise_o it_o may_v and_o will_v be_v improve_v do_v hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o trade_n and_o employment_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o our_o country_n do_v encourage_v idleness_n and_o luxury_n and_o discourage_v navigation_n industry_n art_n and_o invention_n then_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o the_o take_n of_o such_o a_o interest_n as_o exceed_v the_o measure_n of_o our_o neighbour_n be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o a_o sin_n although_o god_n have_v never_o express_o forbid_v it_o but_o the_o usurer_n may_v say_v suppose_v the_o borrower_n make_v 12_o per_fw-mi cent_n of_o my_o money_n be_v it_o a_o sin_n in_o i_o to_o take_v 6_o per_fw-la cent_n of_o he_o i_o answer_v between_o they_o two_o there_o may_v be_v no_o commutative_a injustice_n according_a to_o my_o weak_a judgement_n while_o each_o retain_v a_o mutual_a benefit_n the_o usurer_n for_o his_o money_n the_o borrower_n for_o his_o industry_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o the_o rate_v give_v and_o take_v exceed_v the_o rate_n of_o our_o neighbour_n nation_n these_o fatal_a national_a evil_a consequence_n will_v ensue_v to_o our_o common_a country_n by_o such_o a_o practice_n which_o therefore_o i_o conclude_v to_o be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o peradventure_o therefore_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n almighty_n do_v prohibit_v the_o jew_n from_o lend_v upon_o use_n one_o to_o another_o but_o allow_v they_o to_o lend_v to_o stranger_n for_o the_o enrich_v of_o their_o own_o nation_n and_o improvement_n of_o their_o own_o teritory_n and_o for_o the_o impoverish_v of_o other_o those_o to_o who_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o lend_v be_v such_o only_a who_o they_o be_v command_v to_o destroy_v or_o at_o least_o to_o keep_v poor_a and_o miserable_a as_o the_o gibeonite_n etc._n etc._n hewer_n of_o wood_n and_o drawer_n of_o water_n i_o purpose_v to_o do_v the_o gentleman_n that_o right_o as_o not_o to_o omit_v take_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v of_o novelty_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o present_a controversy_n whether_o it_o be_v material_a or_o no_o and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o observe_v new_a in_o his_o treatise_n be_v page_z 9_o it_o be_v say_v he_o dearness_n of_o wage_n that_o spoil_v the_o english_a trade_n and_o abase_v our_o land_n not_o usury_n and_o therefore_o he_o propound_v the_o make_v a_o law_n to_o retrench_v the_o hire_n of_o poor_a man_n labour_n a_o honest_a charitable_a project_n and_o well_o become_v a_o usurer_n the_o answer_n to_o this_o be_v easy_a one_a i_o affirm_v and_o can_v prove_v he_o be_v mistake_v in_o fact_n for_o
of_o the_o same_o burden_n in_o england_n and_o compel_v their_o say_a ship_n be_v of_o small_a force_n to_o sail_v always_o in_o fleet_n to_o which_o in_o all_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o allow_v convoy_n six_o their_o parsimonious_a and_o thrifty_a live_n which_o be_v so_o extraordinary_a that_o a_o merchant_n of_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_v estate_n with_o they_o will_v scarce_o spend_v so_o much_o per_fw-la annum_fw-la as_o one_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o pound_n estate_n in_o london_n seven_o the_o education_n of_o their_o child_n as_o well_o daughter_n as_o son_n all_o which_o be_v they_o of_o never_o so_o great_a quality_n or_o estate_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o bring_v up_o to_o write_v perfect_a good_a hand_n and_o to_o have_v the_o full_a knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o arithemetick_n and_o merchants-account_n the_o well_o understand_v and_o practice_n whereof_o do_v strange_o infuse_v into_o most_o that_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o that_o quality_n of_o either_o sex_n not_o only_o a_o ability_n for_o commerce_n of_o all_o kind_n but_o a_o strong_a aptitude_n love_n and_o delight_n in_o it_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o woman_n be_v as_o know_v therein_o as_o the_o man_n it_o do_v encourage_v their_o husband_n to_o hold_v on_o in_o their_o trade_n to_o their_o die_a day_n know_v the_o capacity_n of_o their_o wife_n to_o get_v in_o their_o estate_n and_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n after_o their_o death_n whereas_o if_o a_o merchant_n in_o england_n arrive_v at_o any_o considerable_a estate_n he_o common_o withdraws_a his_o estate_n from_o trade_n before_o he_o come_v near_o the_o confine_n of_o old_a age_n reckon_v that_o if_o god_n shall_v call_v he_o out_o of_o the_o world_n while_o the_o main_a of_o his_o estate_n be_v engage_v abroad_o in_o trade_n he_o must_v lose_v one_o three_o of_o it_o through_o the_o unexperience_n and_o unaptness_n of_o his_o wife_n to_o such_o affair_n and_o so_o it_o usual_o fall_v out_o beside_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o arithmetic_n that_o like_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n it_o do_v not_o only_o improve_v the_o rational_a faculty_n but_o incline_v those_o that_o be_v expert_a in_o it_o to_o thriftiness_n and_o good-husbandry_n and_o prevent_v both_o husband_n and_o wife_n in_o some_o measure_n from_o run_v out_o of_o their_o estate_n when_o they_o have_v it_o always_o ready_a in_o their_o head_n what_o their_o expense_n do_v amount_v to_o and_o how_o soon_o by_o that_o course_n their_o ruin_n must_v overtake_v they_o eight_o the_o lowness_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o the_o height_n of_o their_o excise_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a tax_n in_o the_o world_n and_o least_o prejudical_a to_o any_o people_n as_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v be_v it_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o discourse_n nine_o the_o careful_a provide_v for_o and_o employment_n of_o their_o poor_a which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o demonstrate_v can_v never_o be_v do_v in_o england_n comparative_o to_o what_o it_o be_v with_o they_o while_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o care_n of_o every_o parish_n to_o look_v after_o their_o own_o only_a ten_o their_o use_n of_o bank_n which_o be_v of_o so_o immense_a advantage_n to_o they_o that_o some_o not_o without_o good_a ground_n have_v estimate_v the_o profit_n of_o they_o to_o the_o public_a to_o amount_v to_o at_o least_o one_o million_o of_o pound_n sterling_a per_fw-la annum_fw-la eleven_o their_o toleration_n of_o different_a opinion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n by_o reason_n whereof_o many_o industrious_a people_n of_o other_o country_n that_o dissent_n from_o the_o establish_v government_n of_o their_o own_o church_n resort_n to_o they_o with_o thetr_n family_n and_o estate_n and_o after_o a_o few_o year_n co-habitation_n with_o they_o become_v of_o the_o same_o common_a interest_n twelve_o their_o law-merchant_n by_o which_o all_o controversy_n between_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n be_v decide_v in_o three_o or_o four_o day_n time_n and_o that_o not_o at_o the_o forty_o part_n i_o may_v say_v in_o many_o case_n not_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n they_o be_v with_o we_o thirteen_o the_o law_n that_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o for_o transference_n of_o bill_n for_o debt_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o this_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a advantage_n to_o they_o in_o their_o commerce_n by_o mean_n whereof_o they_o can_v turn_v their_o stock_n twice_o or_o thrice_o in_o trade_n for_o once_o that_o we_o can_v in_o england_n for_o that_o have_v sell_v our_o foreign_a good_n here_o we_o can_v buy_v again_o to_o advantage_n till_o we_o be_v possess_v of_o our_o money_n which_o it_o may_v be_v we_o shall_v be_v six_o nine_o or_o twelve_o month_n in_o recover_v and_o if_o what_o we_o sell_v be_v considerable_a it_o be_v a_o good_a man_n work_n all_o the_o year_n to_o be_v follow_v vintner_n and_o shopkeeper_n for_o money_n whereas_o be_v the_o law_n for_o transfer_v bill_n in_o practice_n with_o we_o we_o can_v present_o after_o sale_n of_o our_o good_n dispose_v of_o our_o bill_n and_o close_o up_o our_o account_n to_o do_v which_o the_o advantage_n ease_n and_o accommodation_n it_o will_v be_v to_o trade_n be_v so_o great_a that_o none_o but_o merchant_n that_o have_v live_v where_o that_o custom_n be_v in_o use_n can_v value_v to_o its_o due_a proportion_n fourteen_o their_o keep_n up_o public_a register_n of_o all_o land_n and_o house_n sell_v or_o mortgage_v whereby_o many_o chargeable_a law-suit_n be_v prevent_v and_o the_o security_n of_o land_n and_o house_n render_v indeed_o such_o as_o we_o common_o call_v they_o real_a security_n last_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n of_o money_n with_o they_o which_o in_o peaceable_a time_n exceed_v not_o three_o per_n cent_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o be_v now_o during_o this_o war_n with_o england_n not_o above_o four_o per_fw-la cent_n at_o most_o some_o more_o particular_n may_v be_v add_v and_o those_o aforesaid_a further_o improve_v be_v it_o my_o purpose_n to_o discourse_v at_o large_a of_o trade_n but_o see_v most_o of_o the_o former_a particular_n be_v observe_v and_o grant_v by_o all_o man_n that_o make_v it_o any_o part_n of_o their_o business_n to_o inspect_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o principle_n of_o trade_n but_o the_o last_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o most_o ingenious_a to_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a increase_n of_o the_o riches_n and_o commerce_n of_o that_o people_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o this_o paper_n confine_v myself_o to_o write_v principal_o my_o observation_n touch_v that_o viz._n the_o profit_n that_o people_n have_v receive_v and_o any_o other_o may_v receive_v by_o reduce_v the_o interest_n of_o money_n to_o a_o very_a low_a rate_n this_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n be_v the_o causa_fw-la causans_fw-la of_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o that_o people_n and_o that_o if_o interest_n of_o money_n be_v with_o we_o reduceâ—_n to_o the_o same_o rate_n it_o be_v with_o they_o iâ—_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n render_v we_o as_o ricâ—_n and_o considerable_a in_o trade_n as_o they_o noâ—_n be_v and_o consequent_o be_v of_o greateâ—_n damage_n to_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o we_o then_o can_v happen_v by_o the_o issue_n of_o this_o present_a war_n though_o the_o success_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o good_a as_o we_o can_v wish_v except_o it_o end_v in_o theâ—r_n total_a ruin_n and_o extirpation_n to_o illustrate_v this_o let_v we_o impartial_o search_v our_o book_n and_o inquire_v what_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v as_o to_o trade_n and_o riches_n before_o any_o law_n concern_v interest_n of_o money_n be_v make_v the_o first_o whereof_o that_o i_o can_v find_v be_v anno_fw-la 1545._o and_o we_o shall_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o trade_n of_o england_n then_o be_v inconsiderable_a and_o the_o merchant_n very_o mean_a and_o 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pound_n portion_n with_o a_o daughter_n sixty_o year_n ago_o be_v not_o esteem_v a_o large_a proportion_n than_o two_o thousand_o pound_n be_v now_o and_o whether_o gentlewoman_n in_o those_o day_n will_v not_o esteem_v themselves_o well_o clothe_v in_o a_o serge_n gown_n which_o a_o chambermaid_n now_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v see_v in_o whether_o our_o citizen_n and_o middle_a sort_n of_o gentry_n now_o be_v not_o more_o rich_a in_o clothes_n plate_n jewel_n and_o household-good_n etc._n etc._n then_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o whether_o our_o best_a sort_n of_o knight_n and_o gentry_n now_o do_v not_o exceed_v by_o much_o in_o those_o thing_n the_o nobility_n of_o england_n sixty_o year_n past_a many_o of_o who_o then_o will_v not_o go_v to_o the_o price_n of_o a_o whole_a sattin-doublet_n the_o embroiderer_n be_v yet_o live_v who_o have_v assure_v i_o he_o have_v make_v many_o hundred_o of_o they_o for_o the_o nobility_n with_o canvas_n back_n which_o way_n ever_o we_o take_v our_o measure_n to_o i_o it_o seem_v evident_a that_o since_o our_o first_o abatement_n of_o interest_n the_o riches_n and_o splendour_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v increase_v to_o above_o four_o i_o may_v say_v above_o six_o time_o so_o much_o as_o it_o be_v we_o have_v now_o almost_o one_o hundred_o coach_n for_o one_o we_o have_v former_o we_o with_o case_n can_v pay_v a_o great_a tax_n now_o in_o one_o year_n than_o our_o forefather_n can_v in_o twenty_o our_o custom_n be_v very_o much_o improve_v i_o believe_v above_o the_o proportion_n aforesaid_a of_o six_o to_o one_o which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o in_o advance_v of_o the_o rate_n of_o good_n as_o by_o increase_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o trade_n for_o though_o some_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v advance_v other_o of_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o manufacture_n be_v considerable_o abate_v by_o the_o last_o book_n of_o rate_n i_o can_v myself_o remember_v since_o there_o be_v 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proportion_n it_o be_v so_o no_o other_o question_n need_v to_o be_v resolve_v but_o this_o viz._n what_o interest_n do_v they_o pay_v for_o money_n near_o home_o we_o see_v it_o evident_o in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n where_o ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z be_v pay_v for_o interest_n the_o people_n be_v poor_a and_o despicable_a their_o person_n ill_o clothe_v their_o house_n worse_o provide_v and_o money_n intolerable_o scarce_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n of_o all_o provision_n nor_o will_v their_o land_n yield_v above_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n purchase_v at_o most_o in_o france_n where_o money_n be_v at_o seven_o per_fw-mi cent_z their_o land_n will_v yield_v about_o eighteen_o year_n purchase_v and_o the_o gentry_n who_o may_v possess_v land_n live_v in_o good_a condition_n though_o the_o peasant_n be_v little_o better_o than_o slave_n because_o they_o can_v possess_v nothing_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o other_o in_o italy_n money_n will_v not_o yield_v above_o three_o per_fw-la cent_z to_o be_v let_v out_o upon_o real_a security_n there_o the_o people_n be_v rich_a full_a of_o trade_n well_o attire_v and_o their_o land_n will_v sell_v at_o thirty_o five_o to_o forty_o year_n purchase_v and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o or_o better_a with_o they_o in_o holland_n be_v too_o manifest_a in_o spain_n the_o usual_a interest_n be_v ten_o and_o twelve_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o there_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v the_o only_a trade_n in_o the_o world_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v no_o where_n more_o scarce_o the_o people_n poor_a despicable_a and_o void_a of_o commerce_n other_o than_o such_o as_o english_a dutch_a italian_n jew_n and_o other_o foreigner_n bring_v to_o they_o who_o be_v to_o they_o in_o effect_n but_o as_o leech_n who_o suck_v their_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n from_o they_o i_o may_v urge_v many_o other_o instâ—nces_n of_o this_o nature_n not_o only_o out_o of_o chriâ—â—endom_n but_o from_o under_o the_o turk_n dominion_n east-india_n and_o america_n but_o every_o man_n by_o his_o eperience_n in_o foreign_a country_n may_v easy_a inform_v himself_o whether_o this_o rule_n do_v universal_o hold_v true_a or_o not_o for_o my_o own_o part_n to_o satisfy_v my_o own_o curiosity_n i_o have_v for_o some_o year_n as_o occasion_v offer_v diligent_o inquire_v of_o all_o my_o acquaintance_n that_o have_v knowledge_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o i_o can_v true_o say_v that_o i_o never_o find_v it_o to_o fail_v in_o any_o particular_a instance_n now_o if_o upon_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o defacto_fw-la this_o kingdom_n be_v rich_a at_o least_o fourfold_a i_o may_v say_v eight-fold_n than_o it_o be_v before_o any_o law_n for_o interest_n be_v make_v and_o that_o all_o country_n be_v at_o this_o day_n rich_a or_o poor_a in_o a_o exact_a proportion_n to_o what_o they_o pay_v and_o have_v usual_o pay_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o money_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o 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will_v not_o upbraid_v i_o for_o beg_v the_o question_n because_o i_o trouble_v not_o the_o reader_n with_o the_o particular_a proof_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o i_o hear_v no_o man_n deny_v and_o therefore_o conclude_v every_o man_n will_v grant_v for_o whether_o snow_n be_v white_a be_v not_o to_o be_v dispute_v in_o his_o second_o assertion_n likewise_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n tend_v to_o the_o engross_n of_o trade_n into_o a_o few_o rich_a man_n hand_n to_o the_o exclude_v of_o young_a man_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o all_o understand_a merchant_n and_o rational_a man_n whether_o the_o gentleman_n be_v not_o miserable_o mistake_v and_o whether_o the_o never-failing_a effect_n of_o a_o high_a interest_n all_o the_o world_n over_o be_v not_o to_o enrich_v a_o few_o great_o and_o impoverish_v the_o generality_n of_o trader_n so_o it_o be_v in_o turkey_n where_o interest_n be_v at_o 20_o per_fw-la cent_z and_o upward_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v those_o 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generality_n of_o the_o nation_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o pag._n 12._o his_o word_n be_v that_o in_o my_o instance_n of_o old_a audley_n observe_v that_o 100_o l._n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v in_o 70_o year_n amount_v to_o 100000_o l._n he_o affirm_v i_o be_o no_o less_o mistake_v than_o in_o other_o thing_n true_o if_o i_o have_v mistake_v no_o more_o in_o other_o thing_n than_o in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o untrodden_a path_n as_o this_o i_o have_v fail_v much_o less_o than_o i_o can_v hope_v for_o to_o demonstrate_v which_o i_o have_v here_o insert_v a_o short_a table_n show_v that_o 100_o l._n at_o that_o rate_n rise_v within_o a_o trifle_n to_o 200_o l._n in_o seven_o year_n interest_n upon_o interest_n so_o that_o the_o usual_a account_n be_v and_o
be_v former_o that_o money_n double_v once_o in_o seven_o year_n at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z according_a to_o which_o rule_n 100_o l._n in_o seventy_o year_n amount_n to_o 102400_o l._n one_o hundred_o pound_n at_o ten_o pound_n per_fw-la cent_z per_fw-la annum_fw-la at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n increase_v thus_o viz._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n at_o first_o 100_o 00_o 00_o at_o 3_o month_n it_o be_v 102_o 10_o 00_o at_o 6_o month_n 105_o 1_o 03_o at_o 9_o month_n 107_o 13_o 9_o at_o 12_o month_n 110_o 07_o 7_o at_o 1_o year_n ¼_n 113_o 02_o 9_o at_o 1_o year_n ½_n 115_o 19_o 4_o at_o 1_o year_n ¾_n 118_o 17_o 4_o at_o 2_o year_n 121_o 16_o 9_o at_o 2_o year_n ¼_n 124_o 17_o 8_o at_o 2_o year_n ½_n 128_o 00_o 1_o at_o 2_o year_n ¾_n 131_o 4_o 1_o at_o 3_o year_n 134_o 9_o 9_o at_o 3_o year_n ¼_n 137_o 17_o 0_o at_o 3_o year_n ½_n 141_o 5_o 10_o at_o 3_o year_n ¾_n 144_o 16_o 6_o at_o 4_o year_n 148_o 8_o 11_o at_o 4_o year_n ¼_n 152_o 3_o 1_o at_o 4_o year_n ½_n 155_o 19_o 2_o at_o 4_o year_n ¾_n 159_o 17_o 2_o at_o 5_o year_n 163_o 17_o 1_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 167_o 19_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ½_n 172_o 3_o 0_o at_o 5_o year_n ¼_n 176_o 9_o 1_o at_o 6_o year_n 180_o 17_o 3_o at_o 6_o year_n ¼_n 185_o 7_o 9_o at_o 6_o year_n ½_n 190_o 5_o 0_o at_o 6_o year_n â—_o 4_o 194_o 15_o 5_o at_o 7_o year_n 199_o 12_o 10_o suppose_v one_o hundred_o pound_n to_o double_a in_o seven_o year_n at_o interest_n upon_o interest_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o increase_n be_v viz._n  _fw-fr l._n at_o first_o 100_o at_o 7_o year_n 200_o at_o 14_o year_n 400_o at_o 21_o year_n 800_o at_o 28_o year_n 1600_o at_o 35_o year_n 3200_o at_o 42_o year_n 6400_o at_o 49_o year_n 12800_o at_o 56_o year_n 25600_o at_o 63_o year_n 51200_o at_o 70_o year_n 102400_o pag._n 13._o he_o say_v that_o i_o make_v use_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o interest_n which_o no_o man_n plead_v for_o annex_v a_o discourse_n against_o interest_n write_v in_o 1621._o when_o it_o be_v at_o 10_o per_fw-mi cent_z endeavour_v thereby_o to_o impose_v a_o belief_n that_o the_o gentleman_n who_o write_v that_o discourse_n be_v of_o my_o mind_n whereas_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v content_v with_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z because_o within_o four_o year_n after_o it_o be_v bring_v down_o to_o that_o rate_n and_o that_o otherwise_o he_o will_v have_v write_v further_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o may_v live_v till_o after_o four_o year_n i_o answer_v that_o through_o the_o mercy_n of_o almighty_a god_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o this_o kingdom_n that_o patriot_n of_o his_o country_n old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n who_o i_o have_v since_o be_v assure_v be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n do_v live_v above_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o write_n thereof_o and_o then_o publish_v a_o second_o treatise_n which_o be_v late_o reprint_v by_o his_o worthy_a son_n which_o second_o treatise_n be_v now_o to_o be_v have_v at_o mr_n wilkinson_n over_o against_o st_n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n which_o i_o will_v advise_v my_o opposer_n to_o read_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v be_v more_o modest_a hereafter_o then_o to_o miscall_a the_o most_o natural_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n imposings_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o insert_v a_o few_o line_n out_o of_o it_o to_o the_o present_a purpose_n viz._n old_a sir_n thomas_n speak_v of_o the_o certain_a good_a effect_n of_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-mi cent_z pag._n 19_o of_o his_o second_o treatise_n say_v this_o good_a success_n do_v call_v upon_o we_o not_o to_o rest_v here_o but_o that_o we_o bring_v the_o use_n for_o money_n to_o a_o low_a rate_n which_o now_o i_o suppose_v will_v find_v no_o opposition_n for_o all_o objection_n which_o before_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v against_o it_o be_v now_o answer_v by_o the_o success_n &_o most_o certain_o the_o benefit_n will_v be_v much_o great_a to_o the_o common_a wealth_n by_o call_v the_o use_n for_o money_n down_o from_o 8_o to_o 5_o or_o 6_o per_fw-mi cent_z than_o it_o be_v from_o call_v it_o down_o from_o 10_o to_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n i_o shall_v not_o comment_v upon_o his_o word_n but_o only_o declare_v that_o in_o truth_n i_o never_o hear_v of_o this_o treatise_n noâ—_n of_o any_o other_o to_o the_o like_a effect_n when_o i_o write_v i_o pag._n 13._o the_o gentleman_n bâ—ings_v up_o his_o battalion_n and_o like_o a_o stout_a champion_n for_o the_o sly_a and_o timorous_a heard-of_a usurer_n plant_n his_o main_a battery_n against_o that_o part_n which_o i_o confess_v to_o be_v weak_a viz._n that_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o question_n be_v whether_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n or_o the_o effect_n of_o riches_n and_o he_o positive_o deny_v that_o the_o lowness_n of_o interest_n be_v the_o cause_n &_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v only_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v by_o four_o argument_n which_o i_o shall_v particular_o answer_v in_o a_o due_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n use_v my_o own_o method_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o improve_v the_o riches_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o i_o prove_v it_o thus_o 1._o whatever_o do_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n in_o purchase_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 2._o whatever_o do_v improve_v the_o rent_n of_o farm_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 3._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o bulk_n of_o foreign_a trade_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 4._o whatever_o do_v multiply_v domestic_a artificer_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 5._o whatever_o do_v incline_v the_o nation_n to_o thriftiness_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 6._o whatever_o do_v employ_v the_o poor_a must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n 7._o whatever_o do_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o people_n must_v be_v a_o procure_a cause_n of_o riches_n now_o that_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n will_v advance_v the_o value_n of_o land_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o experience_n for_o certain_o anno_fw-la 1621._o the_o currant_n price_n of_o our_o land_n in_o england_n be_v twelve_o year_n purchase_v and_o so_o i_o have_v be_v assure_v by_o many_o ancient_a man_n who_o i_o have_v query_v particular_o as_o to_o this_o matter_n and_o i_o find_v it_o so_o by_o purchase_n make_v about_o that_o time_n by_o my_o own_o relation_n and_o acquaintance_n and_o i_o presume_v that_o any_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n of_o england_n by_o only_o command_v the_o steward_n of_o their_o manor_n to_o give_v they_o list_n out_o of_o the_o record_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o farm_n that_o their_o grandfather_n or_o father_n buy_v or_o sell_v fifty_o year_n past_a will_v find_v that_o the_o same_o farm_n to_o be_v now_o sell_v will_v yield_v one_o with_o another_o at_o least_o treble_a the_o money_n and_o in_o some_o case_n six_o time_n the_o money_n they_o be_v then_o buy_v and_o sell_v for_o which_o i_o submit_v still_o to_o the_o single_a and_o joint_a judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a member_n of_o both_o house_n of_o parliament_n who_o be_v the_o great_a owner_n of_o our_o territory_n be_v in_o their_o private_a as_o well_o as_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o experimental_a judge_n of_o this_o case_n if_o the_o ancient_n of_o they_o will_v please_v to_o recollect_v their_o memory_n and_o the_o young_a will_v please_v to_o be_v inform_v by_o their_o elder_a servant_n and_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o abatement_n of_o interest_n by_o a_o law_n have_v great_o advance_v land_n in_o purchase_n as_o well_o as_o improve_v rent_n by_o meliorate_n the_o land_n themselves_o those_o improvement_n by_o marling_n lime_a drain_n etc._n etc._n have_v be_v make_v since_o money_n be_v at_o 8_o and_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n which_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n can_v not_o bear_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v i_o have_v the_o write_a testimony_n of_o that_o incomparable_a worthy_a person_n sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n senior_n who_o page_z 11._o of_o his_o first_o treatise_n express_o affirm_v that_o land_n be_v then_o at_o twelve_o year_n purchase_v who_o be_v himself_o a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a parliament_n man_n and_o dedicate_a his_o book_n to_o the_o then_o parliament_n whereof_o he_o be_v then_o a_o member_n can_v without_o horrible_a uncharitableness_n be_v presume_v
a_o knavish_a design_n of_o the_o citizen_n to_o advance_v themselves_o who_o be_v too_o proud_a already_o and_o that_o if_o it_o go_v forward_o it_o will_v undo_v all_o the_o country_n gentleman_n in_o england_n and_o if_o one_o speak_v with_o the_o city_n usurer_n they_o will_v be_v as_o ready_a to_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v a_o plot_n carry_v on_o only_o by_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n be_v all_o in_o land_n for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o that_o it_o will_v spoil_v all_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v a_o project_n at_o one_o instant_a to_o take_v off_o just_a one_o three_o of_o all_o man_n estate_n that_o be_v personal_a and_o add_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o all_o such_o who_o estate_n be_v real_a which_o in_o effect_n be_v to_o impoverish_v all_o the_o young_a and_o enrich_v all_o elder_a brother_n in_o england_n so_o that_o out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o wise_a adversary_n to_o this_o principle_n it_o may_v be_v just_o conclude_v that_o though_o single_o they_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o yet_o joint_o they_o confess_v it_o to_o conclude_v there_o be_v nothing_o that_o i_o have_v say_v or_o that_o i_o think_v any_o other_o can_v say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n but_o be_v say_v in_o substance_n before_o by_o old_a sir_n thomas_n culpepper_n though_o unknown_a to_o i_o who_o have_v a_o ampel_v and_o clear_a sight_n into_o the_o whole_a nature_n of_o this_o principle_n and_o the_o true_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o it_o truth_n be_v always_o the_o same_o though_o illustration_n may_v vary_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n now_o be_v object_v against_o the_o make_n a_o law_n for_o a_o further_a abatement_n of_o interest_n but_o the_o same_o that_o be_v object_v in_o those_o time_n wherein_o the_o former_a statute_n pass_v so_o that_o why_o my_o opposer_n shall_v cavil_v at_o the_o do_v of_o that_o by_o a_o law_n in_o england_n now_o which_o he_o seem_v to_o â—ike_v well_o if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v i_o know_v no_o real_a cause_n except_o it_o be_v that_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o know_v that_o a_o law_n in_o england_n will_v certain_o do_v the_o work_n as_o it_o have_v do_v former_o and_o in_o consequence_n his_o own_o private_a gain_n will_v be_v retrench_v before_o i_o conclude_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o caution_n to_o my_o countryman_n to_o let_v they_o know_v what_o effect_n these_o discourse_n have_v have_v on_o other_o when_o i_o write_v my_o first_o treatise_n interest_n be_v in_o the_o island_n of_o barbadoes_n at_o 15_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la where_o it_o be_v since_o by_o a_o act_n of_o the_o country_n bring_v down_o to_o 10_o per_fw-la cent_n a_o great_a fall_n at_o once_o and_o our_o weekly_a gazette_n do_v some_o month_n pass_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o sweed_n by_o a_o law_n have_v bring_v down_o their_o interest_n to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v any_o good_a effect_n upon_o we_o but_o certain_o the_o contrary_a except_o by_o way_n of_o emulation_n they_o quicken_v we_o to_o provide_v in_o time_n for_o our_o own_o good_a and_o prosperity_n i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o this_o controversy_n and_o therein_o discharge_v my_o duty_n to_o my_o native_a country_n and_o though_o ignorance_n malice_n or_o private_a interest_n may_v yet_o for_o some_o time_n oppose_v it_o i_o be_o confident_a the_o wisdom_n of_o my_o countryman_n will_v at_o length_n find_v their_o true_a and_o general_a interest_n in_o the_o establishment_n of_o such_o a_o law_n which_o as_o to_o my_o own_o particular_a concernment_n signify_v not_o two_o farthing_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o not_o chap._n ii_o concern_v the_o relief_n and_o employment_n of_o the_o poor_a this_o be_v a_o calm_a subject_n and_o thwart_v no_o common_a or_o private_a interest_n among_o we_o except_o that_o of_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o mankind_n the_o devil_n so_o i_o hope_v that_o what_o shall_v be_v offer_v towards_o the_o effect_n of_o so_o universal_o acceptable_a a_o work_n as_o this_o and_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o innumerable_a inconvenience_n that_o do_v now_o and_o have_v in_o all_o age_n attend_v this_o kingdom_n through_o defect_n of_o such_o provision_n for_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o be_v ill_o take_v although_o the_o plaster_n at_o first_o essay_n do_v not_o exact_o fit_v the_o sore_a in_o the_o discourse_n of_o this_o subject_n i_o shall_v first_o assert_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o think_v arâ—â—greed_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o proceed_v to_o what_o be_v more_o doubtful_a 1._o that_o our_o poor_a in_o england_n have_v always_o be_v in_o a_o most_o sad_a and_o wretched_a condition_n some_o famish_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n other_o starve_v with_o cold_a and_o nakedness_n and_o many_o whole_a family_n in_o all_o the_o out_o part_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n common_o remain_v in_o a_o languish_a nasty_a and_o useless_a condition_n uncomfortable_a to_o themselves_o and_o unprofitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v confess_v and_o lament_v by_o all_o men._n 2._o that_o the_o child_n of_o our_o poor_a breed_v up_o in_o beggary_n and_o laziness_n do_v by_o that_o mean_n become_v not_o only_o of_o unhealthy_a body_n and_o more_o than_o ordinary_o subject_a to_o many_o loathsome_a disease_n whereof_o very_a many_o die_n in_o their_o tender_a age_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o do_v arrive_v to_o year_n and_o strength_n they_o be_v by_o their_o idle_a habit_n contract_v in_o their_o youth_n render_v for_o ever_o after_o indispose_v to_o labour_n and_o serve_v only_o to_o stock_n the_o kingdom_n with_o thief_n and_o beggar_n 3._o that_o if_o all_o our_o impotent_a poor_a be_v provide_v for_o and_o those_o of_o both_o sex_n and_o all_o age_n that_o can_v do_v work_n of_o any_o kind_n employ_v it_o will_v redound_v some_o hundred_o of_o thousand_o of_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o the_o public_a advantage_n 4._o that_o it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o god_n and_o nature_n so_o to_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v the_o poor_a 5._o that_o by_o so_o do_v one_o of_o the_o great_a sin_n for_o which_o this_o land_n ought_v to_o mourn_v will_v be_v remove_v 6._o that_o our_o forefather_n have_v pious_a intention_n towards_o this_o good_a work_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o many_o statute_n make_v by_o they_o to_o this_o purpose_n 7._o that_o there_o be_v place_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o the_o poor_a be_v so_o provide_v for_o and_o employ_v as_o in_o holland_n hambrough_n new-england_n and_o other_o and_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v now_o in_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n thus_o far_o we_o all_o agree_v the_o first_o question_n then_o that_o natural_o occur_v be_v question_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o in_o england_n we_o do_v not_o nor_o ever_o do_v comfortable_o maintain_v and_o employ_v our_o poor_a the_o common_a answer_n to_o this_o question_n be_v two_o 1._o that_o our_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v as_o good_a as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o we_o fail_v in_o the_o execution_n 2._o that_o former_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o pious_a ancestor_n the_o work_n be_v do_v but_o now_o charity_n be_v decease_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n we_o see_v the_o poor_a so_o neglect_v as_o now_o they_o be_v in_o both_o which_o answer_v i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o effect_n be_v mistake_v for_o the_o cause_n for_o though_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o there_o have_v be_v and_o be_v a_o great_a failure_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o those_o statute_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o poor_a yet_o i_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o failure_n have_v be_v occasion_v by_o defect_n of_o the_o law_n themselves_o for_o otherwise_o what_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o our_o late_a time_n of_o confusion_n and_o alteration_n wherein_o almost_o every_o party_n in_o the_o nation_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o take_v their_o turn_n at_o the_o helm_n and_o all_o have_v that_o compass_n those_o law_n to_o steer_v by_o and_o yet_o none_o of_o they_o can_v or_o ever_o do_v conduct_v the_o poor_a into_o a_o harbour_n of_o security_n to_o they_o and_o profit_n to_o the_o kingdom_n i._n e._n none_o sufficient_o maintain_v the_o impotent_a and_o employ_v the_o indigent_a among_o we_o and_o if_o this_o be_v never_o do_v in_o any_o age_n nor_o by_o any_o sort_n of_o man_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o have_v the_o use_n of_o those_o law_n now_o in_o force_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o very_a strong_a argument_n that_o it_o never_o can_v nor_o ever_o will_v be_v do_v by_o those_o law_n and_o that_o consequent_o the_o defect_n lie_v in_o the_o law_n themselves_o not_o in_o the_o man_n i._n e._n those_o that_o shall_v put_v they_o in_o execution_n as_o to_o the_o second_o
in_o the_o outpart_n of_o london_n upon_o this_o point_n of_o naturalisation_n many_o man_n make_v a_o great_a doubt_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o public_a good_a to_o permit_v the_o jew_n to_o be_v naturalize_v in_o common_a with_o other_o stranger_n those_o that_o be_v against_o their_o admission_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v merchant_n urge_v these_o reason_n 1._o they_o say_v the_o jew_n be_v a_o subtle_a people_n pry_v into_o all_o kind_n of_o trade_n and_o thereby_o deprive_v the_o english_a merchant_n of_o that_o profit_n he_o will_v otherwise_o gain_v 2._o they_o be_v a_o penurious_a people_n live_v miserable_o and_o therefore_o can_v and_o do_v afford_v to_o trade_v for_o less_o profit_n than_o the_o english_a to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n 3._o they_o bring_v no_o estate_n with_o they_o but_o set_v up_o with_o their_o pen_n and_o ink_n only_o and_o if_o after_o some_o few_o year_n they_o thrive_v and_o grow_v rich_a they_o carry_v away_o their_o riches_n with_o they_o to_o some_o other_o country_n be_v a_o people_n that_o can_v mix_v with_o we_o which_o riches_n be_v carry_v away_o be_v a_o public_a loss_n to_o this_o kingdom_n those_o that_o be_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o jew_n say_v in_o answer_n to_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n viz._n 1_o st_o the_o subtle_a the_o jew_n be_v and_o the_o more_o trade_n they_o pry_v into_o while_o they_o live_v here_o the_o more_o they_o be_v like_a to_o increase_v trade_n and_o the_o more_o they_o do_v that_o the_o better_a it_o be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n though_o the_o worse_a for_o the_o english_a merchant_n who_o comparitive_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n be_v not_o one_o of_o a_o thousand_o 2_o dly_z the_o thrifty_a they_o live_v the_o better_a example_n to_o our_o people_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n more_o conduce_v to_o enrich_v a_o kingdom_n then_o thriftiness_n 3_o dly_z it_o be_v deny_v that_o they_o bring_v over_o nothing_o with_o they_o for_o many_o have_v bring_v hither_o very_o good_a estate_n and_o hundred_o more_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o settle_v here_o for_o their_o life_n and_o their_o posterity_n after_o they_o if_o they_o have_v the_o same_o freedom_n and_o security_n here_o as_o they_o have_v in_o holland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o grand_a duke_n of_o tuscanâ—y_n and_o other_o prince_n allow_v they_o not_o only_o perfect_a liberty_n and_o security_n but_o give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o make_v law_n among_o themselves_o and_o that_o they_o will_v reside_v with_o we_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o know_a principle_n of_o nature_n viz._n principle_n 1._o all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v alike_o as_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v and_o mr_n hobbs_n have_v true_o assert_v how_o erroneous_a soever_o he_o may_v be_v in_o other_o thing_n princip_n 2._o fear_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o hatred_n and_o hatred_n of_o separation_n from_o as_o well_o as_o evil_a deed_n to_o the_o party_n or_o government_n hate_v when_o opportunity_n be_v offer_v this_o by_o the_o way_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o bare_a connivance_n at_o dissenter_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o a_o toleration_n by_o law_n the_o former_a keep_v they_o continual_o in_o fear_n and_o consequent_o apt_a to_o sedition_n and_o rebellion_n when_o any_o probable_a occasion_n of_o success_n present_v the_o latter_a disarm_v cunning_a ambitious_a mind_a man_n who_o want_v a_o popular_a discontent_a party_n to_o work_v upon_o can_v effect_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o government_n and_o this_o methinks_v discover_v clear_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o lutheran_n in_o germany_n protestant_n in_o france_n greek_n in_o turkey_n and_o sectary_n in_o holland_n be_v such_o quiet_a peaceable-minded-man_n while_o our_o nonconformist_n in_o england_n be_v say_v to_o be_v enclinable_a to_o strife_n war_n and_o bloodshed_n take_v away_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n will_v cease_v while_o the_o law_n be_v in_o force_n against_o man_n they_o think_v the_o sword_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n and_o be_v always_o in_o fear_n though_o the_o execution_n be_v suspend_v not_o know_v how_o soon_o council_n or_o counsellor_n time_n or_o person_n may_v change_v it_o be_v only_o perfect_a love_n that_o cast_v out_o fear_n and_o all_o man_n be_v in_o love_n with_o liberty_n and_o security_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o the_o industrious_a bee_n have_v sting_n though_o drone_n have_v not_o yet_o bee_n sting_v not_o except_o those_o that_o hurt_v they_o or_o disturb_v their_o hive_n it_o be_v say_v the_o jew_n can_v intermarry_v with_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v they_o will_v reside_v long_o among_o we_o although_o they_o be_v treat_v never_o so_o kind_o why_o not_o reside_v here_o as_o well_o as_o in_o italy_n poland_n or_o holland_n they_o have_v now_o no_o country_n of_o their_o own_o to_o go_v to_o and_o therefore_o that_o be_v their_o country_n and_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o esteem_v by_o they_o where_o they_o be_v best_a use_v and_o have_v the_o great_a security_n chap._n viii_o concern_v wool_n and_o woollen_a manufacture_n that_o wool_n be_v eminent_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o english_a riches_n i_o have_v not_o hear_v deny_v by_o any_o and_o that_o therefore_o all_o possible_a mean_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v to_o keep_v it_o within_o our_o own_o kingdom_n be_v general_o confess_v and_o to_o this_o purpose_n most_o of_o our_o modern_a parliament_n have_v strenuous_o endeavour_v the_o contrive_n of_o severe_a law_n to_o prevent_v its_o exportation_n and_o the_o last_o act_n make_v it_o felony_n to_o ship_n out_o wool_n woolfels_n etc._n etc._n notwithstanding_o which_v we_o see_v that_o english_a and_o irish_a wool_n go_v over_o so_o plentiful_o that_o it_o be_v within_o a_o very_a small_a matter_n as_o cheap_a in_o holland_n as_o in_o england_n the_o mean_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a by_o additional_a penal_a law_n and_o alteration_n of_o some_o of_o those_o now_o in_o be_v be_v long_o under_o debate_n by_o his_o majesty_n command_n in_o the_o council_n of_o trade_n who_o according_a to_o their_o duty_n take_v great_a pain_n therein_o and_o since_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v the_o same_o thing_n be_v under_o consideration_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o in_o due_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v some_o more_o effectual_a law_n enact_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o well_o in_o relation_n to_o ireland_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a of_o this_o mischief_n proceed_v as_o in_o england_n then_o ever_o yet_o have_v be_v yet_o i_o do_v utter_o despair_v of_o ever_o see_v this_o disease_n perfect_o cure_v till_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v remove_v which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v one_a height_n of_o interest_n in_o england_n which_o a_o abatement_n by_o law_n to_o 4_o per_fw-mi cent_z will_v cure_v two_o want_v of_o hand_n which_o a_o act_n of_o naturalisation_n will_v cure_v three_o compulsion_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n which_o some_o relaxation_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n i_o hope_v will_v effectual_o cure_v for_o while_o our_o neighbour_n through_o the_o cheap_a valuation_n of_o their_o stock_n can_v afford_v to_o trade_n and_o disburse_v their_o money_n for_o less_o profit_n than_o we_o as_o have_v be_v i_o think_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n and_o have_v more_o hand_n to_o employ_v than_o we_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n they_o give_v both_o to_o native_n and_o foreigner_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o give_v a_o better_a price_n for_o our_o wool_n than_o we_o can_v afford_v ourselves_o and_o they_o that_o can_v give_v the_o best_a price_n for_o a_o commodity_n shall_v never_o fail_v to_o have_v it_o by_o one_o mean_n or_o other_o notwithstanding_o the_o opposition_n of_o any_o law_n or_o interposition_n of_o any_o power_n by_o sea_n or_o land_n of_o such_o force_n subtlety_n and_o violence_n be_v the_o general_a course_n of_o trade_n object_n but_o some_o may_v say_v and_o take_v it_o as_o well_o from_o what_o i_o have_v write_v elsewhere_o as_o from_o their_o own_o observation_n will_v not_o the_o well-making_a of_o our_o woollen-manufacture_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o keep_n of_o our_o wool_n natural_o within_o our_o own_o kingdom_n i_o answer_v doubtless_o it_o will_v have_v a_o great_a tendency_n thereunto_o but_o can_v never_o effect_v it_o till_o the_o aforesaid_a radical_a cause_n of_o this_o disease_n be_v remove_v which_o bring_v i_o to_o the_o next_o question_n viz._n what_o will_v improve_v our_o woollen-manufacture_n in_o quality_n and_o quantity_n this_o be_v a_o very_a great_a question_n and_o require_v very_o deliberate_a and_o serious_a consideration_n but_o i_o shall_v write_v my_o present_a thought_n concern_v it_o