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which_o i_o will_v select_v but_o some_o few_o instance_n because_o i_o want_v leisure_n to_o expatiate_v on_o many_o in_o the_o fragment_n of_o the_o 17_o book_n he_o make_v a_o learned_a dissertation_n concern_v the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n or_o gross_a body_n of_o foot_n which_o be_v former_o believe_v to_o be_v invincible_a till_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a by_o the_o success_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o philip_n lose_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o manifest_a and_o most_o certain_a cause_n be_v therein_o relate_v which_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o roman_a legion_n when_o also_o he_o have_v tell_v we_o in_o his_o former_a book_n of_o the_o three_o great_a battle_n wherein_o hannibal_n have_v overthrow_v the_o roman_n and_o the_o last_o at_o cannae_n wherein_o he_o have_v in_o a_o manner_n conquer_a that_o republic_n he_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o every_o defeat_n either_o from_o the_o choice_n of_o ground_n or_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o foreign_a horse_n in_o hannibal_n army_n or_o the_o ill-timing_a of_o the_o fight_n on_o the_o vanquish_a side_n after_o this_o when_o he_o describe_v the_o turn_n of_o fortune_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o roman_n you_o be_v visible_o conduct_v upward_o to_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o change_n and_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o the_o method_n which_o be_v afterward_o pursue_v by_o that_o commonwealth_n which_o raise_v it_o to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n in_o these_o and_o many_o other_o example_n which_o for_o brevity_n be_v omit_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o plain_a than_o that_o polybius_n deny_v all_o power_n to_o fortune_n and_o place_n the_o sum_n of_o success_n in_o providence_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d indeed_o be_v his_o word_n it_o be_v a_o madness_n to_o make_v fortune_n the_o mistress_n of_o event_n because_o in_o herself_o she_o be_v nothing_o can_v rule_v nothing_o but_o be_v rule_v by_o prudence_n so_o that_o whenever_o our_o author_n seem_v to_o attribute_v any_o thing_n to_o chance_n he_o speak_v only_o with_o the_o vulgar_a and_o desire_n so_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o here_o i_o must_v make_v bold_a to_o part_v company_n with_o casaubon_n for_o a_o moment_n he_o be_v a_o vehement_a friend_n to_o any_o author_n with_o who_o he_o have_v take_v any_o pain_n and_o his_o partialily_n to_o persius_n in_o opposition_n to_o juvenal_n be_v too_o fresh_a in_o my_o memory_n to_o be_v forget_v because_o polybius_n will_v allow_v nothing_o to_o the_o power_n of_o chance_n he_o take_v a_o occasion_n to_o infer_v that_o he_o believe_v a_o providence_n sharp_o inveigh_v against_o those_o who_o have_v accuse_v he_o of_o atheism_n he_o make_v suidas_n his_o second_o in_o this_o quarrel_n and_o produce_v his_o single_a evidence_n and_o that_o but_o a_o bare_a assertion_n neither_o without_o proof_n that_o polybius_n believe_v with_o we_o christian_n god_n administer_v all_o humane_a action_n and_o affair_n but_o our_o author_n will_v not_o be_v defend_v in_o this_o case_n his_o whole_a history_n reclaim_v to_o that_o opinion_n when_o he_o speak_v of_o providence_n or_o of_o any_o divine_a admonition_n he_o be_v as_o much_o in_o jest_n as_o when_o he_o speak_v of_o fortune_n it_o be_v all_o to_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a prudence_n be_v the_o only_a divinity_n which_o he_o worship_v and_o the_o possession_n of_o virtue_n the_o only_a end_n which_o he_o propose_v if_o i_o will_v have_v disguise_v this_o to_o the_o reader_n it_o be_v not_o in_o my_o power_n the_o passage_n which_o manifest_o prove_v his_o irreligion_n be_v so_o obvious_a that_o i_o need_v not_o quote_v they_o neither_o do_v i_o know_v any_o reason_n why_o casaubon_n shall_v in_o large_a so_o much_o in_o his_o justification_n since_o to_o believe_v false_a god_n and_o to_o believe_v none_o be_v error_n of_o the_o same_o importance_n he_o who_o know_v not_o our_o god_n see_v through_o the_o ridiculous_a opinion_n of_o the_o heathen_n concern_v they_o and_o not_o be_v able_a without_o revelation_n to_o go_v far_o stop_v at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o breast_n and_o make_v prudence_n his_o goddess_n truth_n his_o search_n and_o virtue_n his_o reward_n if_o casaubon_n like_v he_o have_v follow_v truth_n he_o will_v have_v save_v i_o the_o ungrateful_a pain_n of_o contradict_v he_o but_o even_o the_o reputation_n of_o polybius_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n be_v to_o be_v sacrifice_v to_o truth_n according_a to_o his_o own_o maxim_n as_o for_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o author_n whereby_o he_o wonderful_o foresee_v the_o decay_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o those_o civil_a war_n which_o turn_v it_o down_o from_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n he_o who_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o review_v this_o history_n will_v easy_o perceive_v that_o polybius_n be_v of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o prophet_n who_o predict_v from_o natural_a cause_n those_o event_n which_o must_v natural_o proceed_v from_o they_o and_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o succeed_v even_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o next_o century_n to_o that_o wherein_o he_o live_v but_o the_o person_n be_v then_o live_v who_o be_v the_o first_o mover_n towards_o they_o and_o that_o be_v that_o great_a scipio_n africanus_n who_o by_o cajol_v the_o people_n to_o break_v the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o bring_v he_o too_o early_o to_o the_o consulship_n and_o afterward_o by_o make_v their_o discipline_n of_o war_n precarious_a first_o teach_v they_o to_o devolve_v the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o and_o then_o to_o make_v that_o one_o to_o be_v at_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o soldiery_n which_o though_o he_o practise_v at_o a_o time_n when_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n yet_o it_o draw_v after_o it_o those_o fatal_a consequence_n which_o not_o only_o ruin_v the_o republic_n but_o also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o monarchy_n itself_o but_o the_o author_n be_v too_o much_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o that_o family_n to_o name_n scipio_n and_o therefore_o he_o give_v other_o reason_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n that_o i_o may_v avoid_v prolixity_n by_o what_o degree_n polybius_n arrive_v to_o this_o height_n of_o knowledge_n and_o consummate_a judgement_n in_o affair_n it_o will_v not_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v the_o reader_n comprehend_v for_o presuppose_v in_o he_o all_o that_o birth_n or_o nature_n can_v give_v a_o man_n who_o be_v form_v for_o the_o management_n of_o great_a affair_n and_o capable_a of_o record_v they_o he_o be_v likewise_o enter_v from_o his_o youth_n into_o those_o employment_n which_o add_v experience_n to_o natural_a endowment_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n with_o his_o father_n lycortas_n and_o the_o young_a aratus_n before_o the_o age_n of_o twenty_o in_o a_o embassy_n to_o egypt_n after_o which_o he_o be_v perpetual_o in_o the_o business_n of_o his_o own_o commonwealth_n or_o that_o of_o rome_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a felicity_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o age_n when_o their_o common-weath_a be_v grow_v to_o the_o height_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o historian_n of_o those_o great_a action_n which_o be_v perform_v not_o only_o in_o his_o life-time_n but_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o even_o in_o his_o sight_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o preparation_n to_o his_o history_n or_o the_o prolegomena_n as_o they_o be_v call_v be_v very_o large_a and_o the_o digression_n in_o it_o be_v exceed_o frequent_a but_o as_o to_o his_o preparative_n they_o be_v but_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o reader_n comprehend_v the_o drift_n and_o design_n of_o his_o undertake_n and_o the_o digression_n be_v also_o so_o instructive_a that_o we_o may_v true_o say_v they_o transcend_v the_o profit_n which_o we_o receive_v from_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n upon_o the_o whole_a we_o may_v conclude_v he_o to_o be_v a_o great_a talker_n but_o we_o must_v grant_v he_o to_o be_v a_o prudent_a man._n we_o can_v spare_v nothing_o of_o all_o he_o say_v it_o be_v so_o much_o to_o our_o improvement_n and_o if_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o history_n have_v remain_v to_o we_o in_o all_o probability_n it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o close_o for_o we_o can_v scarce_o conceive_v what_o be_v leave_v in_o nature_n for_o he_o to_o add_v he_o have_v so_o empty_v almost_o all_o the_o common-place_n of_o digression_n already_o or_o if_o he_o can_v have_v add_v any_o thing_n those_o observation_n may_v have_v be_v as_o useful_a and_o as_o necessary_a as_o the_o rest_n which_o he_o have_v give_v we_o and_o that_o be_v descend_v to_o our_o hand_n i_o will_v say_v nothing_o far_o of_o the_o excerpta_fw-la which_o as_o casaubon_n think_v be_v part_n of_o that_o
example_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o wisdom_n take_v his_o leave_n and_o depart_v from_o carthage_n foresee_v as_o it_o be_v that_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v they_o be_v a_o stranger_n as_o it_o be_v too_o great_a for_o a_o reward_n so_o it_o will_v soon_o contract_v he_o both_o envy_n and_o danger_n which_o a_o native_a by_o the_o power_n of_o interest_n relation_n and_o friendship_n will_v be_v better_a able_a to_o avoid_v while_o another_o will_v stand_v expose_v to_o ruin_n there_o be_v author_n who_o render_v a_o different_a account_n of_o xantippus_n departure_n whereof_o mention_n shall_v be_v make_v in_o a_o fit_a place_n and_o now_o the_o roman_n have_v receive_v a_o account_n of_o the_o posture_n of_o their_o affair_n in_o africa_n so_o contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n apply_v themselves_o with_o all_o diligence_n to_o the_o repair_n and_o equip_v their_o fleet_n and_o to_o rescue_v out_o of_o danger_n those_o who_o have_v escape_v from_o the_o battle_n 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fleet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o sail_n and_o embarking_a their_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o new_a consul_n m._n aemilius_n and_o servius_n fulvius_n and_o stand_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o sicily_n towards_o africa_n they_o meet_v and_o fight_v off_o of_o cape_n mercury_n with_o the_o carthaginian_a fleet_n which_o be_v not_o able_a to_o sustain_v the_o first_o shock_n but_o be_v entire_o beat_v lose_v in_o the_o engagement_n and_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o of_o their_o vessel_n and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o they_o to_o the_o roman_n who_o afterward_o prosecute_a their_o course_n arrive_v at_o aspis_n where_o take_v their_o man_n on_o board_n that_o remain_v in_o africa_n they_o shape_v their_o course_n back_o to_o sicily_n and_o be_v well_o advance_v on_o their_o way_n they_o be_v surprise_v off_o of_o camarina_n with_o so_o dreadful_a a_o tempest_n that_o the_o loss_n and_o hardship_n they_o sustain_v be_v without_o example_n and_o beyond_o expression_n 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but_o the_o cause_n oftentimes_o of_o their_o fall_n into_o pernicious_a error_n and_o misfortune_n and_o their_o sustain_a unspeakable_a loss_n especial_o in_o their_o naval-expedition_n as_o to_o their_o exploit_n by_o land_n where_o the_o encounter_n be_v only_a man_n to_o man_n their_o courage_n frequent_o conduct_n they_o to_o the_o success_n they_o propose_v by_o reason_n their_o adventure_n be_v with_o man_n like_o themselves_o and_o yet_o there_o want_v not_o example_n wherein_o their_o measure_n and_o force_n have_v fail_v and_o they_o have_v sink_v and_o miscarry_v under_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o enterprise_n but_o whenever_o by_o a_o temerarious_a audacity_n they_o act_n against_o these_o rage_a element_n and_o attempt_v to_o vanquish_v the_o sea_n and_o wind_n they_o be_v sure_a to_o reap_v no_o other_o fruit_n of_o their_o obstinacy_n than_o loss_n and_o calamity_n this_o we_o have_v now_o mention_v be_v a_o instance_n and_o they_o have_v heretofore_o smart_v by_o the_o like_a error_n and_o they_o shall_v always_o stand_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o disaster_n till_o they_o appear_v better_o advise_v and_o instruct_v in_o the_o weakness_n of_o that_o over_o wean_a presumption_n which_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o entertain_v in_o all_o their_o design_n vain_o imagine_v that_o both_o sea_n and_o land_n shall_v on_o all_o occasion_n consent_v and_o open_v their_o way_n to_o success_n in_o all_o their_o enterprise_n the_o carthaginian_n upon_o advice_n of_o this_o misfortune_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o sea_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o shall_v now_o be_v a_o match_n for_o they_o by_o land_n whereunto_o they_o be_v persuade_v through_o the_o late_a victory_n they_o have_v gain_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_o they_o likewise_o by_o sea_n they_o have_v no_o doubt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o late_a great_a loss_n by_o tempest_n howbeit_o they_o omit_v not_o to_o reinforce_v their_o strength_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n they_o dispatch_v asdrubal_n into_o sicily_n to_o who_o beside_o the_o force_n already_o there_o they_o order_v a_o far_a supply_n of_o troop_n out_o of_o those_o that_o be_v late_o draw_v out_o of_o heraclea_n together_o with_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o elephant_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o depart_v but_o they_o send_v after_o he_o two_o hundred_o vessel_n lade_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n asdrubal_n be_v safe_o arrive_v at_o lilybaeum_n apply_v himself_o with_o diligence_n to_o exercise_n and_o discipline_n his_o troop_n and_o elephant_n intend_v to_o spread_v his_o arm_n all_o over_o the_o country_n and_o to_o make_v himself_o entire_a master_n of_o the_o field_n as_o for_o the_o roman_n they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o very_a sensible_a sorrow_n when_o by_o those_o who_o have_v escape_v shipwreck_n they_o receive_v a_o account_n of_o the_o mighty_a loss_n they_o have_v sustain_v at_o sea_n nevertheless_o be_v determine_v not_o to_o yield_v the_o advantage_n 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enemy_n the_o day_n prove_v very_o dark_a and_o lower_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a fog_n that_o be_v rise_v nevertheless_o hannibal_n upon_o notice_n that_o the_o better_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n be_v now_o enter_v on_o the_o plain_a and_o that_o their_o vanguard_n be_v hard_o at_o hand_n give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n dispatch_v his_o order_n to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o ambush_n to_o do_v their_o duty_n so_o that_o the_o enemy_n be_v on_o the_o sudden_a surround_v and_o at_o once_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n flaminius_z and_o the_o whole_a army_n with_o he_o be_v strike_v with_o astonishment_n at_o this_o surprise_v shock_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o the_o fog_n be_v so_o thick_a that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o see_v about_o they_o and_o the_o enemy_n fall_v among_o they_o from_o the_o hill_n in_o all_o quarter_n at_o once_o the_o tribunes_z and_o captain_n of_o the_o roman_n can_v not_o discern_v which_o way_n to_o lead_v their_o man_n nor_o how_o to_o bring_v 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who_o besiege_v they_o in_o the_o place_n and_o after_o he_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o extremity_n they_o yield_v to_o his_o discretion_n who_o give_v they_o their_o life_n thus_o have_v we_o give_v the_o narrative_a of_o this_o battle_n that_o be_v seek_v in_o tuscany_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n hannibal_n cause_v maherbal_n prisoner_n to_o who_o quarter_n have_v be_v give_v to_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n that_o have_v fall_v into_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o number_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o after_o he_o have_v tell_v they_o that_o it_o be_v by_o his_o order_n that_o maherbal_n have_v give_v they_o their_o life_n he_o distribute_v the_o roman_a prisoner_n to_o the_o army_n to_o secure_v they_o under_o a_o good_a guard_n but_o he_o send_v home_o all_o the_o latin_n gratis_o tell_v they_o only_o what_o have_v be_v elsewhere_o note_v that_o he_o be_v not_o come_v to_o invade_v or_o molest_v the_o italian_n but_o to_o rescue_v their_o liberty_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n after_o this_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n into_o quarter_n of_o refreshment_n and_o solemn_o bury_v thirty_o of_o his_o officer_n who_o have_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n his_o other_o loss_n be_v inconsiderable_a the_o victory_n not_o cost_v he_o above_o fifteen_o hundred_o man_n whereof_o the_o major_a part_n be_v gaul_n and_o now_o his_o hope_n be_v thus_o just_o raise_v he_o deliberate_v with_o his_o brother_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n about_o the_o future_a method_n they_o be_v to_o take_v for_o improve_n the_o victory_n they_o have_v gain_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n when_o the_o news_n come_v to_o rome_n of_o this_o defeat_n the_o magistrate_n who_o can_v neither_o soften_v nor_o diminish_v it_o the_o stroke_n have_v fall_v so_o heavy_a assemble_v the_o people_n to_o who_o they_o report_v the_o naked_a truth_n of_o their_o case_n and_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o praetor_n ascend_v the_o tribunal_n pronounce_v these_o word_n we_o be_v overcome_v they_o be_v strike_v with_o such_o terror_n that_o those_o who_o be_v then_o present_a and_o have_v be_v in_o the_o battle_n think_v they_o have_v cause_n to_o believe_v the_o defeat_n be_v great_a in_o rome_n than_o in_o the_o field_n nor_o indeed_o be_v this_o surprise_n without_o reason_n for_o the_o roman_n who_o have_v hold_v so_o long_a a_o possession_n of_o victory_n and_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o mournful_a language_n of_o vanquish_a and_o oppress_v know_v not_o how_o with_o constancy_n to_o support_v a_o affliction_n so_o new_a and_o unexpected_a the_o senate_n only_o preserve_v their_o temper_n with_o decency_n and_o omit_v nothing_o that_o belong_v to_o their_o function_n hold_v frequent_a assembly_n to_o deliberate_v about_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o disease_n of_o which_o they_o be_v so_o sick_a during_o these_o transaction_n the_o other_o consul_n who_o be_v at_o rimini_n near_o adria_n on_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o gaul_n 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reason_n the_o peloponnesian_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o name_n of_o achaian_n for_o those_o who_o be_v first_o so_o call_v be_v a_o people_n no_o more_o considerable_a than_o their_o neighbour_n neither_o for_o their_o riches_n the_o number_n of_o their_o town_n and_o city_n nor_o the_o virtue_n of_o their_o people_n in_o a_o word_n the_o arcadian_n and_o lacedaemonian_n be_v superior_a to_o the_o achaian_n both_o in_o number_n and_o extent_n of_o dominion_n and_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n through_o the_o whole_a continent_n of_o greece_n that_o do_v not_o think_v themselves_o their_o equal_n both_o in_o valour_n and_o virtue_n how_o then_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o the_o achaian_n and_o those_o who_o have_v engage_v in_o that_o confederacy_n and_o be_v become_v the_o same_o in_o government_n and_o name_n be_v rise_v to_o that_o height_n of_o reputation_n it_o be_v blindness_n and_o folly_n to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o accident_n or_o a_o mere_a effect_n of_o 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constrain_v to_o level_v and_o open_v his_o retrenchment_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o to_o order_v all_o his_o troop_n to_o march_v out_o in_o front_n and_o the_o trumpet_n sound_v to_o the_o charge_n on_o both_o side_n he_o order_v his_o light_n arm_v soldier_n to_o retire_v and_o now_o the_o phalanx_n on_o either_o side_n move_v to_o the_o encounter_n with_o their_o pike_n charge_v and_o one_o while_o the_o macedonian_n seem_v inferior_a in_o courage_n to_o the_o lacedemoniaus_fw-la and_o appear_v dispose_v to_o fly_v then_o again_o the_o lacedaemonian_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o sustain_v the_o shock_n of_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n and_o be_v give_v ground_n in_o conclusion_n antigonus_n now_o advance_v against_o they_o with_o a_o impetuosity_n peculiar_a to_o the_o double_a phalanx_n force_v the_o lacedaemonian_n at_o length_n off_o their_o ground_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n either_o fall_v in_o battle_n or_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n and_o cleomines_fw-la with_o a_o small_a party_n of_o horse_n escape_v unhurt_a to_o sparta_n from_o whence_o he_o depart_v the_o night_n follow_v to_o gythia_n where_o he_o embark_v on_o certain_a vessel_n prepare_v for_o such_o a_o incident_a and_o sail_v to_o alexindria_n accompany_v with_o some_o few_o only_a of_o his_o intimate_a friend_n afterward_o antigonus_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o sparta_n without_o resistance_n where_o he_o treat_v the_o lacedaemonian_n with_o all_o possible_a humanity_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v re-establish_v their_o ancient_a form_n of_o government_n he_o march_v away_o with_o his_o army_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o illyrian_n have_v invade_v macedonia_n and_o make_v great_a spoil_n upon_o the_o country_n thus_o it_o be_v true_a that_o fortune_n be_v please_v sometime_o to_o permit_v action_n of_o high_a consequence_n to_o move_v and_o determine_v on_o the_o slender_a accident_n and_o occasion_n least_o expect_v for_o if_o cleomenes_n have_v respite_v come_v to_o a_o battle_n but_o a_o few_o day_n only_o or_o when_o he_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n after_o the_o fight_n have_v he_o but_o stand_v upon_o his_o guard_n and_o temporise_v never_o so_o little_a he_o most_o certain_o have_v preserve_v his_o dominion_n in_o short_a antigonus_z take_v his_o way_n by_o tegea_n and_o after_o he_o have_v restore_v that_o republic_n he_o come_v two_o day_n after_o to_o argos_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o namoean_a game_n where_o he_o obtain_v by_o a_o ordinance_n of_o the_o achaian_n and_o by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o every_o city_n all_o those_o honour_n that_o be_v do_v to_o great_a man_n to_o render_v their_o fame_n immortal_a from_o thence_o he_o proceed_v by_o long_a journey_n to_o macedon_n where_o encounter_v with_o the_o illyrian_n who_o be_v waste_v the_o country_n he_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o win_v a_o victory_n but_o in_o that_o occasion_n strain_v his_o voice_n to_o animate_v his_o people_n he_o break_v some_o vein_n in_o 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complete_v their_o conquest_n in_o that_o country_n and_o have_v make_v their_o first_o essay_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n after_o have_v likewise_o speak_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o greek_n the_o macedonian_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o give_v a_o summary_n of_o the_o state_n of_o these_o government_n in_o those_o time_n we_o be_v arrive_v i_o think_v at_o a_o proper_a place_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o our_o second_o book_n which_o we_o conclude_v with_o the_o war_n we_o have_v treat_v and_o with_o the_o death_n of_o the_o actor_n and_o according_a as_o we_o have_v lay_v our_o design_n we_o be_v come_v at_o length_n to_o that_o period_n of_o time_n wherein_o the_o greek_n deliberate_v about_o the_o war_n of_o the_o confederate_n the_o roman_n touch_v the_o second_o punic_a war_n and_o the_o king_n of_o asia_n about_o that_o which_o be_v wage_v for_o the_o dominion_n of_o syria_n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n polybius_n general_a history_n of_o the_o transaction_n of_o the_o world_n vol._n i._o book_n iii_o we_o promise_v in_o our_o first_o book_n to_o begin_v our_o history_n at_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n the_o war_n of_o the_o confederate_n and_o that_o which_o be_v wage_v for_o the_o dominion_n of_o syria_n we_o have_v likewise_o deliver_v our_o reason_n why_o in_o our_o two_o precede_a book_n we_o deduce_v and_o bring_v down_o our_o story_n from_o so_o remote_a time_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o war_n themselves_o and_o the_o cause_n that_o beget_v and_o prolong_v they_o and_o that_o render_v they_o so_o terrible_a but_o first_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o we_o preface_n something_o far_a touch_v our_o purpose_n for_o since_o what_o we_o have_v determine_v to_o deliver_v be_v propose_v to_o centre_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n be_v to_o be_v but_o one_o entire_a work_n and_o as_o one_o may_v say_v one_o spectacle_n or_o representation_n where_o will_v be_v 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with_o liberty_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o roman_n to_o return_v from_o banishment_n to_o their_o country_n short_o after_o these_o adventure_n the_o roman_n attempt_v to_o compel_v the_o carthaginian_n first_o to_o remove_n and_o change_v their_o habitation_n and_o afterward_o total_o to_o ruin_v and_o exterminate_v they_o but_o we_o shall_v report_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n the_o motive_n of_o that_o enterprise_n about_o the_o same_o time_n likewise_o the_o macedonian_n depart_v from_o their_o confederacy_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n from_o they_o with_o the_o achaian_n will_v present_v we_o in_o one_o prospect_n with_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o greece_n where_o will_v occur_v ample_a matter_n for_o the_o historian_n skill_n to_o describe_v and_o it_o behoove_v we_o to_o implore_v the_o favour_n of_o fortune_n to_o lend_v we_o life_n to_o conduct_v we_o through_o so_o difficult_a and_o important_a a_o task_n nevertheless_o though_o death_n shall_v chance_v to_o prevent_v we_o we_o shall_v not_o however_o depart_v without_o some_o assurance_n that_o our_o design_n will_v survive_v we_o and_o that_o there_o will_v not_o want_v some_o excellent_a hand_n who_o charm_v with_o the_o beauty_n of_o so_o incomparable_a a_o subject_n will_v successful_o finish_v what_o we_o have_v begin_v and_o now_o that_o we_o have_v prefaced_a the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n which_o we_o think_v necessary_a towards_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o reader_n be_v understanding_n of_o our_o history_n both_o in_o the_o part_n and_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v high_a time_n we_o proceed_v to_o our_o discourse_n whereas_o those_o author_n for_o the_o most_o part_n who_o have_v write_v the_o act_n of_o hannibal_n have_v undertake_v to_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o cause_n which_o beget_v the_o war_n that_o break_v out_o between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n whereof_o mention_n have_v be_v already_o make_v and_o have_v render_v the_o siege_n of_o saguntum_n to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o occasion_n and_o the_o second_o to_o be_v the_o carthaginian_n pass_v the_o river_n eber_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o do_v frank_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o these_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n but_o can_v never_o accord_v with_o those_o who_o reckon_v they_o for_o the_o cause_n no_o more_o than_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v that_o alexander_n transport_v his_o army_n into_o asia_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o persian_a war_n or_o that_o the_o voyage_n of_o antiochus_n to_o demetrias_n with_o his_o army_n be_v likewise_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n with_o that_o prince_n for_o who_o can_v be_v draw_v easy_o to_o conceive_v that_o that_o be_v alexander_n motive_n for_o the_o mighty_a preparation_n he_o make_v and_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o philip_n in_o his_o life-time_n put_v in_o execution_n before_o he_o in_o order_n to_o the_o persian_a war_n furthermore_o who_o will_v take_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war_n which_o the_o aetolian_n make_v upon_o the_o roman_n before_o the_o arrival_n of_o antiochus_n to_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n those_o who_o reason_n at_o this_o rate_n seem_v not_o to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o beginning_n the_o cause_n and_o the_o pretext_n the_o cause_n always_o precede_v the_o beginning_n which_o be_v ever_o subsequent_a and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o consequence_n i_o hold_v therefore_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v the_o first_o effort_n or_o effect_n of_o deliberation_n namely_o of_o what_o have_v be_v with_o mature_a reason_n debate_v and_o decree_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o evident_a by_o what_o i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v whereby_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v what_o the_o cause_n be_v which_o produce_v the_o persian_a war_n and_o where_o it_o take_v beginning_n the_o principal_a cause_n be_v the_o retreat_n the_o greek_n make_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o xenophon_n through_o so_o many_o divers_a nation_n of_o the_o upper_a asia_n where_o none_o of_o all_o those_o barbarous_a people_n who_o be_v all_o enemy_n have_v the_o courage_n to_o oppose_v his_o passage_n in_o his_o march_n through_o so_o vast_a a_o continent_n another_o cause_n be_v the_o voyage_n of_o agesilaus_n king_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n into_o asia_n where_o he_o find_v no_o enemy_n so_o hardy_a as_o to_o withstand_v his_o erterprise_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v recall_v by_o reason_n of_o some_o commotion_n that_o happen_v in_o his_o absence_n among_o the_o greek_n hence_o philip_n take_v his_o measure_n of_o the_o persian_a weakness_n and_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o both_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n be_v master_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n be_v incite_v by_o the_o glory_n and_o magnificence_n of_o the_o reward_n to_o engage_v in_o that_o enterprise_n so_o that_o after_o he_o have_v acquire_v the_o general_a goodwill_n and_o concurrence_n of_o the_o greek_n he_o proceed_v to_o form_v his_o design_n for_o the_o invasion_n of_o persia_n publish_v his_o motive_n to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o greek_n by_o those_o of_o that_o nation_n and_o according_o proceed_v to_o make_v provision_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o sustain_v and_o carry_v on_o that_o vast_a undertake_n so_o that_o we_o be_v thus_o to_o reckon_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o persian-war_n be_v not_o other_o than_o those_o we_o first_o mention_v the_o pretext_n what_o we_o have_v recite_v and_o the_o beginning_n to_o be_v alexander_n transport_v his_o troop_n into_o asia_n it_o be_v likewise_o past_a dispute_n that_o the_o distaste_n the_o aetolian_n have_v conceive_v against_o the_o roman_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n that_o break_v out_o betwixt_o antiochus_n and_o them_o for_o the_o aetolian_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n with_o philip_n begin_v to_o perceive_v themselves_o slight_v by_o the_o roman_n do_v not_o only_o invite_v over_o antiochus_n as_o we_o have_v note_v but_o determine_v to_o do_v and_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o compass_v their_o revenge_n the_o pretext_n for_o that_o war_n be_v the_o liberty_n of_o greece_n to_o the_o defence_n whereof_o the_o aetolian_n draw_v the_o greek_n from_o all_o part_n to_o join_v with_o antiochus_n and_o the_o arrival_n of_o that_o prince_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n to_o demetrias_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o war._n i_o have_v rest_v the_o long_a on_o this_o subject_n of_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o these_o three_o point_n not_o only_o to_o detect_v the_o error_n of_o some_o historian_n but_o to_o the_o end_n the_o studious_a may_v be_v instruct_v and_o set_v right_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v mislead_v by_o their_o false_a light_n for_o to_o what_o end_n be_v the_o physician_n call_v to_o the_o sick_a patient_n if_o he_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o disease_n in_o like_a manner_n it_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o call_v such_o to_o the_o administration_n of_o public_a affair_n who_o want_v judgement_n to_o distinguish_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n and_o event_n of_o thing_n and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o dispute_n but_o both_o the_o physician_n and_o minister_n of_o state_n will_v miscarry_v while_o the_o one_o be_v to_o seek_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o infirmity_n and_o the_o other_o not_o due_o instruct_v in_o those_o necessary_a point_n we_o have_v note_v there_o be_v nothing_o then_o that_o call_v for_o more_o of_o our_o care_n and_o study_v to_o acquire_v than_o a_o right_a knowledge_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o cause_n of_o event_n for_o very_o often_o it_o fortune_n that_o the_o great_a thing_n be_v breed_v out_o of_o slight_a beginning_n and_o remedy_n may_v be_v find_v with_o case_n for_o evil_n in_o their_o infancy_n and_o first_o approach_n fabius_n the_o historian_n
to_o new-carthage_n to_o his_o winter-quarter_n that_o place_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o those_o country_n that_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n there_o he_o find_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o give_v they_o audience_n be_v by_o they_o caution_v to_o attempt_v nothing_o against_o the_o saguntines_n who_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o pursuant_n to_o the_o treaty_n make_v with_o asdrubal_n they_o shall_v not_o pass_v their_o troop_n beyond_o the_o river_n eber._n to_o this_o hannibal_n who_o be_v yet_o but_o young_a and_o ardent_o ambitious_a of_o military_a glory_n fortunate_a in_o his_o erterprise_n and_o mortal_o hate_v the_o roman_n reply_v by_o way_n of_o complaint_n against_o they_o feign_v to_o favour_v those_o of_o saguntum_n and_o tell_v the_o ambassador_n that_o upon_o a_o certain_a sedition_n that_o happen_v some_o time_n ago_o in_o the_o say_a city_n that_o the_o roman_n be_v choose_v to_o arbitrate_v their_o difference_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o citizen_n to_o peace_n and_o union_n have_v unjust_o animadvert_v on_o certain_a of_o the_o principal_a inhabitant_n which_o perfidious_a action_n of_o they_o he_o hold_v himself_o oblige_v to_o see_v revenge_v and_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n inherit_v that_o custom_n from_o their_o ancestor_n to_o procure_v justice_n to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o oppress_v at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v to_o carthage_n for_o instruction_n how_o to_o proceed_v while_o the_o saguntines_n encourage_v by_o their_o alliance_n with_o the_o roman_n act_v many_o outrage_n against_o those_o who_o be_v now_o under_o the_o carthaginian_a subjection_n thus_o hannibal_n transport_v by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n act_v in_o every_o thing_n without_o consult_v his_o reason_n and_o never_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o truth_n of_o matter_n found_v pretext_n on_o false_a suggestion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o who_o prepossess_v by_o their_o passion_n do_v what_o they_o have_v determine_v without_o regard_n to_o equity_n or_o consideration_n of_o honour_n otherwise_o have_v it_o not_o be_v more_o plausible_a to_o have_v demand_v of_o the_o roman_n the_o restitution_n of_o sardinia_n and_o the_o money_n so_o long_o pay_v they_o by_o the_o carthaginian_n which_o they_o have_v wring_v from_o they_o during_o the_o weakness_n and_o calamity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o they_o but_o as_o he_o conceal_v the_o true_a cause_n and_o have_v recourse_n to_o false_a reason_n for_o his_o motive_n it_o may_v be_v very_o just_o suspect_v he_o enter_v into_o that_o war_n not_o only_o without_o reason_n but_o against_o the_o common_a right_n of_o nation_n wherefore_o the_o ambassador_n depart_v go_v to_o carthage_n there_o to_o expostulate_v about_o what_o have_v already_o past_a albeit_o now_o well_o assure_v that_o war_n will_v ensue_v though_o without_o any_o jealousy_n it_o will_v break_v out_o in_o italy_n but_o in_o spain_n rather_o and_o that_o saguntum_n will_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o action_n which_o they_o propose_v as_o a_o proper_a fortress_n and_o place_n of_o arm_n this_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o senate_n deliberation_n who_o conclude_v it_o will_v be_v a_o war_n likely_a to_o be_v draw_v out_o at_o length_n and_o be_v in_o a_o remote_a country_n they_o resolve_v therefore_o to_o give_v first_o a_o period_n to_o their_o affair_n in_o illyria_n for_o at_o that_o time_n demetrius_n the_o pharian_a forget_v his_o obligation_n to_o the_o roman_n his_o benefactor_n have_v give_v they_o some_o mark_n of_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o understand_v how_o they_o be_v molest_v by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o be_v likely_a to_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n make_v now_o little_a account_n of_o their_o friendship_n and_o place_v his_o great_a hope_n in_o the_o king_n of_o macedon_n and_o during_o the_o cleomenick_n war_n have_v join_v with_o antigonus_n demetrius_z then_o resolve_v to_o pillage_n and_o reduce_v the_o town_n of_o illyria_n under_o his_o dominion_n which_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o have_v sail_v beyond_o lissa_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o fifty_o ship_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n he_o ravage_v most_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o cyclades_n so_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v notice_n of_o these_o infraction_n and_o be_v over_o and_o above_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o present_a prosperity_n of_o the_o macedonian_n conclude_v that_o it_o behove_v they_o to_o have_v a_o careful_a eye_n to_o their_o affair_n in_o the_o province_n eastward_o of_o italy_n nor_o be_v they_o without_o hope_n of_o defeat_v the_o design_n of_o hannibal_n of_o make_v the_o illyrian_n to_o repent_v their_o folly_n and_o punish_v the_o perfidy_n and_o rash_a behaviour_n of_o demetrius_n but_o these_o prove_v vain_a deliberation_n for_o hannibal_n be_v too_o much_o in_o earnest_n and_o prevent_v they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n become_v master_n of_o saguntum_n which_o success_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o oblige_v to_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n but_o in_o italy_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o rome_n itself_o howbeit_o the_o roman_n pursuant_n to_o their_o first_o project_n send_v lucius_n aemilius_n into_o illyria_n with_o a_o army_n early_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o olympiad_n at_o which_o time_n hannibal_n part_v with_o his_o army_n from_o new_a carthage_n towards_o saguntum_n this_o city_n be_v situate_a about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o mountain_n which_o part_n spain_n from_o celtiberia_n the_o territory_n of_o saguntum_n be_v very_o fertile_a abound_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o excellent_a fruit_n wherein_o no_o part_n of_o spain_n exceed_v it_o hannibal_n sit_v down_o before_o it_o and_z attack_n it_z with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o diligence_n by_o how_o much_o he_o judge_v the_o reduce_v such_o a_o place_n by_o plain_a force_n will_v great_o avail_v towards_o his_o compass_v those_o end_n he_o have_v further_o meditate_a in_o a_o word_n he_o conceive_v he_o shall_v by_o that_o mean_n deprive_v the_o roman_n of_o all_o hope_n of_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n and_o further_o make_v account_n that_o terrify_v by_o his_o success_n those_o he_o have_v already_o vanquish_v will_v be_v thereby_o hold_v in_o better_a obedience_n and_o preserve_v their_o faith_n unbroken_a that_o those_o who_o be_v yet_o unconquered_a will_v stand_v in_o great_a awe_n of_o his_o power_n and_o what_o be_v yet_o of_o great_a consequence_n he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o advance_v his_o erterprise_n with_o more_o security_n have_v no_o enemy_n at_o his_o back_n furthermore_o he_o calculate_v that_o the_o take_n of_o this_o town_n will_v yield_v he_o great_a supply_n of_o treasure_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n that_o his_o army_n will_v be_v more_o at_o his_o devotion_n when_o he_o have_v enrich_v they_o with_o booty_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v enable_v the_o better_a to_o purchase_v and_o establish_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o carthaginian_n by_o distribute_v among_o they_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o vanquish_a these_o reflection_n incite_v his_o industry_n to_o press_v the_o besiege_a with_o great_a application_n so_o that_o become_v himself_o a_o example_n to_o the_o army_n by_o work_v in_o the_o trench_n among_o the_o soldier_n animate_v they_o in_o person_n mingle_v with_o they_o in_o all_o hazard_n and_o incessant_o attend_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o siege_n he_o become_v in_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o month_n master_n of_o the_o place_n great_a booty_n be_v there_o take_v both_o in_o money_n prisoner_n and_o rich_a movable_n the_o treasure_n he_o take_v to_o himself_o for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o war_n he_o have_v project_v against_o the_o roman_n the_o prisoner_n he_o distribute_v to_o the_o army_n in_o proportion_n to_o their_o merit_n and_o the_o rest_n he_o dispatch_v in_o present_n to_o his_o friend_n in_o carthage_n nor_o do_v hannibal_n make_v a_o wrong_n reckon_n for_o the_o soldier_n be_v oblige_v and_o become_v more_o hardy_a in_o danger_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v win_v to_o consent_v more_o ready_o to_o all_o his_o proposition_n and_o be_v himself_o now_o supply_v and_o furnish_v with_o whatever_o he_o want_v he_o prosecute_v his_o erterprise_n with_o great_a promptitude_n about_o the_o same_o time_n demetrius_n have_v intelligence_n of_o the_o roman_n purpose_n put_v with_o expedition_n a_o garrison_n into_o dimalus_n which_o place_v he_o supply_v with_o store_n of_o war_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a and_o after_o he_o have_v destroy_v in_o the_o other_o town_n all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a faction_n and_o bestow_v the_o government_n on_o his_o creature_n he_o select_v five_o thousand_o of_o the_o able_a man_n
be_v to_o supply_v their_o necessity_n and_o refit_v their_o ship_n that_o if_o in_o case_n any_o shall_v be_v compel_v by_o tempest_n or_o otherwise_o to_o take_v refuge_n in_o their_o port_n they_o shall_v depart_v in_o five_o day_n but_o that_o the_o roman_n shall_v have_v free_a intercourse_n to_o traffic_v buy_v and_o sell_v in_o any_o of_o the_o town_n in_o sicily_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o in_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n itself_o where_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o same_o right_n and_o privilege_n with_o the_o citizen_n of_o carthage_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v have_v right_a to_o the_o like_a treatment_n in_o rome_n the_o carthaginian_n seem_v by_o this_o treaty_n to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o evident_a that_o they_o account_v of_o sardinia_n and_o africa_n as_o their_o own_o and_o so_o it_o be_v no_o injury_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o be_v by_o they_o forbid_v any_o intercourse_n there_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n when_o they_o make_v mention_n of_o sicily_n they_o use_v another_o style_n speak_v of_o the_o place_n only_o in_o that_o island_n that_o pay_v obedience_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o roman_n explain_v themselves_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o latin_n stipulate_v that_o no_o injury_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o the_o ardiates_n antiate_n those_o of_o circe_n and_o tarracina_n which_o be_v maritime_a town_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o latin_n and_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o treaty_n the_o last_o treaty_n that_o be_v enter_v into_o by_o these_o two_o people_n be_v make_v about_o the_o time_n that_o pyrrhus_n invade_v italy_n before_o the_o carthaginian_n enter_v into_o the_o war_n which_o they_o wage_v for_o the_o dominion_n of_o sicily_n the_o article_n be_v transcribe_v from_o those_o that_o go_v before_o save_v that_o they_o add_v these_o that_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v chance_v to_o enter_v into_o alliance_n with_o pyrrhus_n they_o shall_v however_o mutual_o assist_v each_o other_o in_o case_n of_o either_o being_n invade_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o whichsoever_o of_o they_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o succour_n the_o carthaginian_n shall_v furnish_v vessel_n of_o transport_n for_o that_o service_n as_o likewise_o for_o the_o war_n that_o each_o party_n shall_v pay_v their_o own_o troop_n respective_o that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v lend_v aid_n to_o the_o roman_n by_o sea_n if_o they_o shall_v need_v it_o but_o that_o neither_o party_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n compel_v the_o other_o to_o put_v to_o sea_n with_o their_o vessel_n in_o short_a the_o oath_n of_o ratification_n be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o carthaginian_n first_o swear_v by_o the_o god_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o roman_n after_o their_o own_o ancient_a custom_n swear_v by_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o by_o mars_n behold_v how_o they_o swear_v by_o the_o stone_n the_o herald_n who_o take_v the_o oath_n after_o have_v swear_v in_o behalf_n of_o the_o public_a take_v up_o a_o stone_n and_o then_o pronounce_v these_o word_n if_o i_o keep_v my_o faith_n may_v the_o god_n vouchsafe_v their_o assistance_n and_o give_v i_o success_n if_o on_o the_o contrary_n i_o violate_v it_o then_o may_v the_o other_o party_n be_v entire_o safe_a and_o preserve_v in_o their_o country_n in_o their_o law_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o in_o a_o word_n in_o all_o their_o right_n and_o liberty_n and_o may_v i_o perish_v and_o fall_v alone_o as_o now_o this_o stone_n do_v and_o then_o he_o let_v the_o stone_n fall_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n if_o such_o treaty_n be_v then_o usual_a and_o that_o the_o aedile_n have_v they_o in_o their_o keep_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n engrave_v in_o plate_n of_o copper_n be_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o not_o only_a philinus_n the_o historian_n shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o custom_n but_o that_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n and_o carthaginian_n otherwise_o esteem_v well_o verse_v in_o public_a affair_n shall_v be_v likewise_o total_o to_o seek_v therein_o but_o for_o he_o with_o confidence_n to_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o that_o treaty_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n that_o the_o roman_n shall_v entire_o abandon_v sicily_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n italy_n and_o that_o this_o treaty_n be_v violate_v by_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o pass_v over_o into_o sicily_n though_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o such_o a_o stipulation_n never_o be_v and_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o ground_n to_o believe_v there_o ever_o be_v any_o such_o treaty_n yet_o our_o historian_n fair_o record_v it_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o his_o second_o book_n whereof_o have_v already_o say_v something_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o our_o work_n we_o forbear_v then_o to_o enlarge_v thereon_o and_o now_o observe_v that_o many_o have_v be_v mislead_v by_o this_o author_n have_v be_v pay_v with_o falsehood_n instead_o of_o truth_n and_o certain_o whosoever_o condemn_v the_o voyage_n of_o the_o roman_n into_o sicily_n let_v it_o be_v cover_v with_o never_o so_o fair_a pretext_n their_o make_a alliance_n with_o the_o mamertine_n and_o short_o after_o yield_v they_o the_o succour_n they_o demand_v notwithstanding_o they_o have_v criminal_o surprise_v rhegium_n and_o messina_n they_o may_v perhaps_o herein_o have_v reason_n to_o blame_v their_o proceed_n but_o when_o they_o believe_v the_o roman_n pass_v into_o sicily_n contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n and_o in_o violation_n of_o the_o treaty_n they_o be_v manifest_o deceive_v another_o treaty_n be_v make_v at_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o war_n in_o sicily_n the_o principal_a condition_n whereof_o be_v as_o follow_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v retire_v out_o of_o sicily_n and_o out_o of_o all_o the_o island_n betwixt_o that_o and_o italy_n that_o the_o ally_n of_o neither_o party_n shall_v be_v injure_v or_o molest_v by_o either_o of_o they_o that_o the_o one_o shall_v have_v no_o authority_n in_o the_o other_o dominion_n where_o they_o shall_v neither_o build_v any_o fortress_n nor_o levy_v soldier_n for_o the_o war_n that_o neither_o shall_v enter_v into_o confederacy_n with_o those_o with_o who_o the_o other_o be_v in_o alliance_n that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v pay_v within_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o tear_n the_o sum_n of_o two_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o talent_n whereof_o one_o thousand_o in_o hand_n and_o shall_v enlarge_v all_o the_o roman_a prisoner_n ranson-free_a upon_o the_o roman_n decree_a war_n against_o they_o after_o their_o misfortune_n with_o their_o mercenary_n in_o africa_n these_o article_n be_v add_v to_o the_o above_o treaty_n that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v abandon_v the_o island_n of_o sardinia_n and_o shall_v further_o pay_v the_o sum_n of_o one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o talent_n as_o we_o have_v already_o note_v all_o these_o treaty_n precede_v that_o which_o be_v make_v with_o asdrubal_n in_o spain_n which_o be_v the_o very_a last_o wherein_o it_o be_v stipulate_v that_o the_o carthaginian_n shall_v not_o pass_v their_o arm_n beyond_o the_o river_n eber._n these_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o treaty_n that_o be_v make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n from_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n to_o that_o of_o hannibal_n and_o now_o since_o no_o proof_n appear_v that_o the_o roman_n violate_v their_o faith_n by_o their_o voyage_n into_o sicily_n so_o in_o their_o acquisition_n of_o sardinia_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n no_o pretext_n or_o shadow_n of_o any_o cause_n can_v be_v discover_v of_o the_o second_o punic_a war._n while_o no_o body_n question_n but_o the_o carthaginian_n desert_v sardinia_n and_o part_v with_o those_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v unrighteous_o compel_v thereunto_o during_o the_o calamity_n of_o their_o affair_n in_o short_a the_o roman_n do_v but_o trifle_v when_o they_o tell_v we_o for_o a_o reason_n that_o many_o of_o their_o poople_n who_o hold_v commerce_n in_o africa_n have_v be_v ill_o treat_v by_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o difference_n have_v be_v amicable_o compose_v upon_o the_o carthaginian_n set_v all_o those_o at_o liberty_n who_o have_v be_v detain_v in_o their_o port_n in_o acknowledgement_n whereof_o the_o roman_n also_o quit_v all_o their_o carthaginian_a prisoner_n without_o ransom_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v in_o our_o first_o book_n matter_n then_o stand_v thus_o it_o will_v behoove_v we_o to_o inquire_v which_o of_o these_o two_o people_n give_v occasion_n for_o the_o war_n of_o hannibal_n we_o have_v already_o recite_v the_o carthaginian_n reason_n and_o shall_v now_o observe_v what_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o say_v for_o themselves_o true_a it_o be_v that_o albeit_o the_o roman_n be_v high_o provoke_v at_o the_o destruction_n of_o saguntum_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v not_o
megalopolis_n in_o short_a when_o all_o these_o outrage_n of_o the_o aetolian_n have_v be_v prove_v and_o canvas_v in_o the_o assembly_n they_o accord_v unanimous_o to_o declare_v war_n against_o they_o so_o after_o they_o have_v prefaced_a their_o decree_n with_o enumerate_v the_o cause_n and_o provocation_n of_o the_o war_n it_o be_v conclude_v that_o all_o those_o who_o have_v be_v sufferer_n by_o the_o aetolian_n since_o the_o death_n of_o demetrius_n father_n of_o philip_n shall_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o confederacy_n and_o that_o if_o any_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o time_n have_v be_v awe_v into_o obedience_n or_o alliance_n with_o the_o aetolian_n and_o pay_v they_o tribute_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v forthwith_o set_v at_o liberty_n the_o security_n of_o their_o respective_a government_n commit_v to_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o no_o garrison_n impose_v upon_o they_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v permit_v to_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n free_a from_o any_o tribute_n or_o imposition_n whatsoever_o that_o aid_n shall_v be_v give_v the_o amphictyon_n in_o order_n to_o their_o re-establishment_n in_o their_o privilege_n and_o the_o restitution_n of_o their_o right_n to_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o the_o aetolian_n have_v violent_o wrest_v from_o they_o to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o sacred_a place_n and_o all_o the_o revenue_n thereof_o this_o decree_n be_v ordain_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o olymphiad_n the_o war_n of_o the_o ally_n thereupon_o ensue_v which_o be_v beget_v by_o the_o violent_a and_o general_a unjust_a proceed_n of_o the_o aetolian_n and_o now_o ambassador_n be_v send_v from_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n to_o all_o the_o confederate_a town_n to_o the_o end_n the_o decree_n be_v everywhere_o receive_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n they_o may_v joint_o and_z separately_z in_o their_o distinct_a state_n publish_v the_o war_n against_o the_o aetolian_n who_o king_n philip_n likewise_o advertise_v by_o his_o letter_n let_v they_o understand_v that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o they_o have_v just_a argument_n or_o motive_n whereby_o to_o indemnify_v themselves_o and_o can_v fair_o wipe_v off_o the_o imputation_n that_o lay_v against_o they_o that_o they_o will_v do_v well_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o general_a assembly_n and_o endeavour_v to_o put_v a_o period_n to_o so_o solemn_a a_o process_n by_o a_o conference_n that_o they_o do_v but_o make_v ostentation_n of_o their_o weakness_n by_o think_v they_o may_v with_o impunity_n spoil_n and_o pillage_n as_o they_o do_v everywhere_o without_o any_o declare_a war_n or_o apparent_a cause_n for_o such_o violence_n and_o that_o those_o who_o undergo_v these_o outrage_n will_v rest_v unrevenged_a or_o that_o it_o will_v be_v believe_v the_o sufferer_n will_v be_v reckon_v the_o aggressor_n and_o author_n of_o the_o war_n while_o they_o only_o apply_v themselves_o to_o such_o remedy_n as_o their_o case_n make_v necessary_a the_o aetolian_n on_o the_o receipt_n of_o these_o intimation_n from_o king_n philip_n be_v at_o first_o persuade_v he_o will_v not_o appear_v and_o therefore_o prefix_v a_o day_n for_o their_o assemble_v at_o rhium_n afterward_o when_o they_o hear_v of_o his_o arrival_n they_o send_v to_o let_v he_o know_v that_o they_o have_v not_o power_n to_o determine_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o public_a affair_n till_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o general_a state_n of_o the_o aetolian_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n the_o achaian_n assemble_v at_o the_o usual_a time_n ratify_v the_o decree_n by_o a_o general_a vote_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o afterward_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o aetolian_n and_o now_o the_o king_n come_v the_o aegium_n where_o the_o diet_n be_v hold_v he_o there_o explain_v himself_o in_o many_o point_n and_o proceed_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o great_o please_v and_o oblige_v the_o assembly_n where_o they_o renew_v with_o he_o the_o several_a treaty_n that_o have_v be_v heretofore_o make_v between_o his_o ancestor_n and_o the_o achaian_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o aetolian_n assemble_v in_o their_o general_n council_n where_o they_o elect_a scopas_n for_o their_o praetor_n he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o those_o violencese_n we_o have_v relate_v by_o what_o name_n then_o shall_v we_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v such_o a_o determination_n for_o to_o spoil_v and_o treat_v their_o neighbour_n in_o hostile_a manner_n without_o any_o declaration_n of_o war_n and_o not_o only_o not_o to_o punish_v the_o author_n of_o such_o outrage_n but_o to_o confer_v on_o the_o ringleader_n the_o prime_a authority_n in_o the_o government_n seem_v to_o i_o the_o extremity_n of_o all_o dishonesty_n for_o what_o gentle_a term_n will_v so_o vile_a a_o action_n bear_v but_o our_o sense_n thereof_o will_v be_v better_o know_v by_o what_o follow_v when_o phaebidas_n surprise_v cadmaea_n by_o fraud_n and_o perfidy_n the_o lacedaemonian_n though_o they_o will_v not_o quit_v their_o possession_n yet_o they_o punish_v the_o author_n of_o the_o action_n believe_v they_o have_v do_v enough_o to_o expiate_v for_o the_o wrong_n in_o the_o chastisement_n of_o the_o offender_n in_o short_a they_o may_v have_v proceed_v with_o less_o severity_n and_o it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o beneficial_a to_o the_o theban_n afterward_o during_o the_o peace_n of_o antalâ—idas_n they_o publish_v a_o decree_n that_o liberty_n shall_v be_v restore_v every_o where_o to_o the_o greek_n who_o shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n nevertheless_o they_o withdraw_v not_o the_o governor_n they_o have_v place_v over_o the_o several_a to_n when_o they_o dissolve_v the_o government_n and_o ruine_v the_o town_n of_o mantinoea_n they_o colour_v the_o action_n by_o assert_v they_o have_v do_v they_o on_o injury_n in_o transplant_n they_o from_o one_o town_n to_o a_o great_a many_o but_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n total_a of_o folly_n and_o depravity_n to_o think_v because_o our_o eye_n be_v shut_v that_o all_o the_o world_n be_v blind_a thus_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o people_n by_o pursue_v these_o pernicious_a maxim_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o state_n draw_v on_o themselves_o many_a and_o grievous_a calamity_n wherefore_o as_o well_o in_o private_a affair_n as_o public_a negotiation_n such_o counsel_n be_v never_o to_o be_v follow_v by_o any_o who_o will_v consult_v their_o own_o good_a and_o tranquillity_n king_n philip_n have_v now_o come_v to_o a_o resolution_n with_o the_o achaian_n touch_v their_o common_a affair_n return_v home_o with_o his_o army_n to_o make_v preparation_n for_o the_o war_n have_v gain_v not_o only_o among_o the_o confederate_n but_o the_o greek_n in_o general_a a_o mighty_a opinion_n of_o his_o goodness_n and_o magnanimity_n by_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o decree_n we_o have_v mention_v all_o these_o matter_n be_v transact_v about_o the_o time_n that_o hannibal_n the_o carthaginian_a general_n be_v deliberate_v about_o lay_v siege_n to_o saguntum_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v all_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n eber._n since_o the_o erterprise_n of_o hannibal_n then_o take_v beginning_n and_o bear_v data_fw-la with_o these_o affair_n of_o greece_n there_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o necessity_n that_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o they_o alternate_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o our_o precede_a book_n to_o the_o end_n have_v punctual_a regard_n to_o the_o time_n we_o may_v confront_v as_o one_o may_v say_v the_o affair_n of_o both_o these_o people_n of_o spain_n and_o greece_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o those_o of_o italy_n greece_n and_o asia_n be_v produce_v from_o different_a cause_n though_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o event_n we_o have_v therefore_o think_v fit_a to_o handle_v they_o distinct_o and_o apart_o till_o such_o time_n as_o we_o shall_v arrive_v at_o that_o period_n when_o the_o matter_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v mention_n come_v to_o mingle_v and_o grow_v to_o conspire_v towards_o one_o and_o the_o same_o end_n by_o which_o mean_n the_o beginning_n and_o step_n of_o each_o one_o respective_o will_v be_v make_v the_o more_o intelligible_a and_o the_o interweave_v they_o afterward_o be_v less_o subject_n to_o confusion_n when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o respective_a occurrence_n shall_v be_v adjust_v and_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o thing_n due_o set_v down_o in_o conclusion_n they_o will_v together_o compose_v but_o one_o entire_a history_n and_o in_o short_a these_o affair_n become_v thus_o mingle_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n which_o be_v finish_v in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o forty_o olympiad_n wherefore_o there_o will_v be_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o treat_v succeed_a matter_n conjoint_o as_o those_o that_o go_v