authority_n the_o coin_n be_v advance_v by_o proclamation_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o pay_v out_o money_n when_o money_n be_v proclaim_v down_o and_o then_o also_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v according_o whereby_o the_o realm_n still_o lose_v and_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n but_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n as_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o stream_n another_o will_v say_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v low_a beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n that_o then_o the_o less_o of_o that_o money_n they_o give_v the_o great_a be_v their_o gain_n enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o at_o a_o low_a exchange_n there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o taker_n at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v english_a merchant_n that_o have_v money_n to_o pay_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v here_o take_v up_o &_o so_o still_o some_o of_o they_o &_o the_o realm_n lose_v whereas_o other_o nation_n will_v rather_o transport_v our_o money_n then_o to_o cause_v their_o friend_n to_o take_v up_o money_n at_o a_o low_a exchange_n or_o to_o make_v over_o money_n at_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o otherwise_o may_v turn_v to_o our_o good_a our_o merchant_n be_v here_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n as_o they_o be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_n as_o i_o say_v before_o here_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n which_o enforce_v our_o merchant_n to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n to_o make_v return_n into_o the_o realm_n either_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v high_a when_o they_o see_v a_o loss_n evident_o which_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o commodity_n whereof_o they_o may_v expect_v some_o gain_n or_o else_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v low_a &_o when_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n &_o when_o they_o can_v bring_v it_o over_o neither_o at_o a_o high_a exchange_n or_o low_a exchange_n which_o of_o course_n enforce_v a_o wonderful_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n in_o nature_n before_o allege_v &_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o many_o superfluous_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n some_o that_o be_v continual_a taker_n up_o of_o money_n with_o we_o do_v seem_v to_o point_v at_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n as_o though_o the_o same_o be_v most_o common_o indifferent_a neither_o too_o high_a or_o too_o low_a and_o herein_o be_v they_o mighty_o deceive_v see_v the_o very_a ground_n of_o the_o exchange_n call_v par_n be_v false_a both_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n and_o toleration_n of_o money_n in_o all_o country_n and_o if_o they_o think_v that_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v hard_o to_o come_v by_o and_o that_o the_o due_a course_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v a_o interruption_n to_o the_o traffiique_fw-la they_o be_v therein_o also_o in_o a_o error_n for_o money_n will_v not_o only_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a good_a but_o also_o more_o plentiful_o deliver_v at_o interest_n &_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o it_o be_v better_a one_o shall_v sit_v still_o without_o trade_n then_o to_o become_v a_o loose_a some_o other_o have_v observe_v that_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n do_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v think_v that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o general_o make_v thing_n dear_a but_o first_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o our_o merchant_n most_o common_o do_v sell_v their_o commodity_n payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n next_o that_o the_o banker_n keep_v their_o commodity_n upon_o a_o certain_a price_n at_o their_o pleasure_n &_o that_o although_o money_n by_o their_o mean_n do_v abound_v one_o way_n for_o one_o place_n it_o will_v be_v scarce_o again_o for_o another_o place_n and_o he_o that_o take_v up_o the_o same_o shall_v pay_v dear_o for_o it_o whereby_o the_o commodity_n he_o buy_v become_v charge_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la into_o his_o hand_n and_o must_v sell_v they_o according_o &_o for_o the_o commodity_n which_o our_o merchant_n upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n do_v sell_v their_o benefit_n can_v countervail_v the_o loss_n which_o they_o receive_v in_o make_v their_o return_n either_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o plenty_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o by_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v rise_v according_o and_o much_o more_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n our_o home_n commodity_n be_v abate_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o exchange_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a cause_v by_o the_o exchange_n 2._o by_o the_o gain_n seek_v upon_o money_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v seek_v upon_o the_o commodity_n 3._o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n with_o we_o which_o cause_v man_n to_o deliver_v that_o money_n by_o exchange_n in_o nature_n of_o trade_n which_o otherwise_o by_o some_o may_v be_v employ_v upon_o the_o commodity_n likewise_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o cause_v exportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4._o by_o the_o rash_a sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o young_a merchant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v drive_v to_o pay_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n thereby_o spoil_v the_o market_n of_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v advance_v 4._o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o through_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n which_o make_v general_o thing_n dear_a which_o plenty_n be_v increase_v by_o our_o own_o money_n transport_v to_o our_o own_o hurt_n every_o way_n 2._o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o man_n be_v incline_v to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n &_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n when_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n &_o herein_o our_o excessive_a use_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n do_v encourage_v they_o 3._o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o go_v currant_n far_o above_o their_o value_n for_o by_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v also_o &_o this_o toleration_n be_v a_o hindrance_n for_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n cause_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v buy_v and_o bring_v over_o at_o a_o dear_a rate_n 4._o for_o that_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o silk_n velvet_n fustian_n &_o such_o like_a be_v engross_v by_o the_o banker_n that_o sell_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n our_o immoderate_a use_n give_v they_o the_o great_a cause_n hereby_o come_v a_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o to_o supply_v or_o countervail_v draw_v away_o our_o treasure_n &_o ready_a money_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o commonweal_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v with_o the_o least_o of_o 10._o in_o the_o 100_o loss_n upon_o all_o our_o commodity_n go_v out_o &_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n &_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v above_o 500000._o pound_n every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o sum_n we_o do_v give_v daily_o both_o treasure_n &_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n thus_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o these_o banker_n &_o every_o one_o of_o we_o do_v use_n or_o rather_o abuse_v the_o exchange_n &_o make_v of_o it_o a_o trade_n for_o money_n &_o therefore_o may_v apt_o be_v call_v a_o merchandize_v exchange_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o right_a use_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o needful_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n &_o traffic_n of_o intercourse_n betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o country_n &_o country_n but_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n which_o thus_o over-ruleth_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n &_o money_n be_v intolerable_a for_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o effect_n that_o one_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o one_o sort_n and_o kind_n of_o coin_n have_v two_o price_n &_o two_o valuation_n at_o one_o time_n exchange_v for_o one_o distance_n of_o time_n differ_v only_o by_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n &_o country_n whereby_o private_a man_n alter_v as_o it_o be_v the_o valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v rate_v &_o value_v in_o all_o country_n by_o the_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o same_o as_o a_o matter_n concern_v their_o dignity_n and_o sovereignty_n &_o so_o consequent_o of_o too_o high_a presumption_n for_o subject_n to_o step_v into_o '_o and_o it_o be_v also_o against_o reason_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o coin_n as_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n shall_v be_v more_o weighty_a they_o a_o pound_n or_o a_o pound_n tale_n more_o than_o a_o
money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o by_o exchange_n and_o they_o may_v then_o altogether_o seek_v the_o gain_n upon_o their_o home_n commodity_n sell_v they_o with_o more_o reputation_n when_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n and_o run_v for_o money_n upon_o the_o exchange_n shall_v not_o through_o their_o rash_a sale_n abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n especial_o when_o more_o money_n shall_v be_v have_v at_o interest_n the_o merchandize_v exchange_n cease_v whereby_o young_a merchant_n may_v be_v supply_v in_o their_o need_n or_o occasion_n and_o with_o small_a stock_n and_o less_o adventure_n have_v great_a gain_n for_o the_o canker_n of_o this_o exchange_n shall_v not_o consume_v they_o as_o it_o have_v do_v many_o of_o they_o and_o other_o and_o that_o unaware_o for_o the_o same_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o serpent_n aspis_n which_o sting_v man_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o fall_v into_o a_o pleasant_a sleep_n until_o they_o die_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v make_v doubt_n of_o the_o execution_n hereof_o let_v he_o but_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o right_a exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o will_v wonder_v that_o so_o great_a matter_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o so_o easy_a mean_n especial_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v think_v difficult_a in_o regard_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o the_o gain_n have_v upon_o the_o money_n deliver_v by_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n either_o real_o or_o imaginative_o be_v take_v away_o will_v cause_v the_o merchandize_v thereof_o to_o cease_v we_o call_v that_o real_o when_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o imaginative_o when_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a want_n of_o money_n it_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o pay_v as_o it_o be_v by_o assignation_n and_o then_o all_o such_o merchant_n either_o stranger_n or_o native_a subject_n which_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o gain_n shall_z all_o deliver_v the_o same_o at_o interest_n cause_v plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a good_a second_o for_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n every_o man_n can_v easy_o understand_v that_o as_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o exchange_n appear_v only_o by_o the_o return_n thereof_o that_o no_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v deliver_v any_o money_n unto_o our_o merchant_n when_o he_o shall_v know_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o do_v exclude_v the_o gain_n consider_v that_o all_o man_n within_o the_o realm_n shall_v make_v their_o exchange_n at_o a_o certainty_n either_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o broker_n or_o the_o general_a exchanger_n especial_o our_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n and_o few_o of_o they_o taker_n up_o so_o that_o this_o course_n of_o exchange_n shall_v command_v other_o nation_n we_o have_v moreover_o the_o head_n of_o this_o principal_a exchange_n of_o our_o 20._o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o head_n will_v command_v and_o direct_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o body_n neither_o will_v merchant_n stranger_n take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o a_o low_a price_n to_o their_o loss_n of_o any_o of_o our_o merchant_n than_o our_o exchanger_n deputy_n will_v give_v but_o will_v rather_o cause_v their_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o from_o hence_o for_o gain_n bear_v still_o the_o sway_n in_o the_o course_n oftrade_fw-mi three_o the_o general_a course_n of_o this_o exchange_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n will_v govern_v the_o particular_a as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o traffic_n so_o that_o any_o exchange_n make_v in_o any_o place_n of_o small_a traffic_n where_o the_o exchanger_n shall_v have_v no_o deputy_n will_v be_v of_o small_a moment_n for_o if_o our_o merchant_n that_o do_v deliver_v the_o money_n must_v give_v much_o to_o have_v their_o money_n pay_v here_o in_o england_n it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o realm_n for_o they_o will_v sell_v their_o commodity_n according_o upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o if_o they_o do_v deliver_v it_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n under_o our_o exchanger_n price_n the_o matter_n can_v be_v great_a for_o those_o also_o which_o be_v the_o taker_n thereof_o will_v rather_o take_v it_o of_o our_o exchanger_n deputy_n at_o a_o better_a rate_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o friend_n or_o factor_n dwell_v in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o traffic_n where_o our_o merchant_n shall_v deliver_v their_o money_n to_o the_o exchanger_n deputy_n even_o as_o merchant_n stranger_n shall_v do_v here_o in_o england_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n which_o cause_v one_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v exchange_v for_o the_o most_o place_n 6._o time_n in_o a_o year_n be_v take_v away_o the_o ordinary_a exchange_n be_v not_o of_o any_o such_o moment_n that_o we_o shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o such_o substantial_a man_n as_o may_v execute_v the_o same_o consider_v also_o that_o they_o shall_v serve_v every_o man_n turn_n that_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n here_o of_o they_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o constraint_n for_o any_o man_n to_o deliver_v his_o money_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o may_v employ_v the_o same_o upon_o commodity_n at_o his_o pleasure_n last_o let_v we_o answer_v to_o some_o objection_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v satisfy_v us._n to_o the_o general_a objection_n that_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a will_v be_v a_o interruption_n to_o the_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o necessary_a our_o commodity_n be_v &_o what_o request_n thereof_o be_v in_o all_o place_n so_o that_o such_o controversy_n as_o sometime_o arise_v be_v always_o qualify_v or_o end_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n themselves_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7._o upon_o a_o contention_n betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n and_o a_o displeasure_n take_v against_o the_o fleming_n and_o especial_o against_o the_o lady_n margaret_n duchess_n of_o burgundy_n and_o sister_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o cause_v to_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n all_o flemish_a ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o restrain_v all_o english_a merchant_n from_o repair_v &_o traffic_v into_o any_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n or_o the_o archduke_n his_o son_n &_o the_o mart_n to_o be_v keep_v at_o calis_n for_o wool_n and_o cloth_n whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o archduke_n banish_v all_o english_a commodity_n out_o of_o their_o dominion_n which_o continue_v almost_o three_o year_n until_o the_o archduke_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o therewithal_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o intercourse_n also_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o burgundy_n the_o like_a example_n we_o have_v more_o again_o that_o young_a merchant_n or_o other_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o credit_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o exchanger_n as_o they_o have_v now_o at_o diverse_a man_n hand_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o enter_v into_o bond_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o will_v be_v due_o observe_v because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v bear_v witness_n against_a they_o let_v we_o consider_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v such_o great_a occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n when_o money_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o here_o deliver_v at_o interest_n which_o be_v now_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n whereas_o also_o they_o may_v bring_v over_o money_n for_o their_o return_n when_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o the_o exchanger_n receive_v here_o much_o money_n at_o the_o merchant_n stranger_a hand_n by_o exchange_n will_v be_v glad_a to_o give_v a_o great_a credit_n to_o have_v the_o better_a mean_n to_o repay_v the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o that_o deliver_v their_o money_n at_o interest_n or_o by_o exchange_n in_o regard_n of_o usury_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o name_n for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o intention_n of_o gain_n upon_o money_n and_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o money_n whereas_o the_o one_o be_v certain_a to_o have_v no_o more_o but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o and_o the_o other_o do_v expect_v at_o the_o least_o 15._o or_o 20._o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o regard_n whereof_o he_o be_v content_v to_o stand_v in_o adventure_n to_o lose_v sometime_o and_o that_o seldom_o by_o exchange_n but_o still_o the_o intention_n remain_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o sure_a guide_n of_o conscience_n to_o take_v away_o false_a
penny_n weight_n fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n or_o allay_v and_o our_o angel_n gold_n be_v twenty_o three_o carat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o half_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o allay_n and_o the_o crown_n gold_n be_v twenty_o two_o carat_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o two_o carat_n of_o allay_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v eleven_o of_o fine_a silver_n to_o one_o of_o fine_a gold_n or_o eleven_o of_o starling_n silver_n to_o one_o of_o crown_n gold_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o fineness_n weight_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o property_n of_o the_o money_n or_o the_o effect_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v likewise_o general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o thing_n particular_o be_v also_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o the_o use_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o money_n then_o general_o thing_n become_v dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a whereunto_o the_o great_a store_n or_o abundance_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v come_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n into_o christendom_n have_v make_v every_o thing_n dear_a according_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o money_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n divide_v her_o course_n into_o several_a branch_n in_o diverse_a country_n have_v cause_v a_o great_a alteration_n and_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o price_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o most_o especial_o because_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v in_o valuation_n in_o some_o country_n so_o that_o the_o measure_n be_v alter_v and_o make_v lesser_a there_o go_v more_o number_n to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n and_o of_o necessity_n other_o thing_n go_v according_o for_o money_n must_v always_o remain_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v publica_n mensura_fw-la some_o perceive_v the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o late_a year_n to_o be_v more_o rise_v in_o price_n then_o our_o home_n commodity_n do_v attribute_v the_o same_o to_o the_o under_o valuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n and_o will_v have_v have_v our_o money_n enhance_v wherein_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o mark_n that_o if_o our_o coin_n be_v enhance_v all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o our_o home_n commodity_n will_v be_v enhance_v in_o price_n according_o and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n most_o of_o all_o by_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v now_o use_v the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o the_o money_n be_v embase_v by_o allay_n as_o we_o have_v see_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o thing_n yet_o fresh_a in_o memory_n during_o the_o most_o victorious_a reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 8._o yet_o hereby_o we_o may_v perceive_v that_o in_o substance_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o seem_v to_o aim_v at_o the_o main_a point_n of_o this_o overballance_a of_o inequality_n and_o that_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a that_o the_o unknown_a disease_n put_v out_o the_o physician_n eye_n this_o overballance_a consist_v proper_o in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o not_o in_o the_o quantity_n or_o quality_n and_o to_o countervail_v the_o same_o our_o treasure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v exhaust_v and_o spend_v to_o the_o great_a impoverish_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o we_o find_v the_o contrary_a of_o our_o former_a observation_n for_o as_o in_o country_n where_o scarcity_n of_o money_n be_v thing_n be_v good_a cheap_a so_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o country_n where_o thing_n be_v dear_a as_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v with_o we_o money_n shall_v be_v â—â—â—â—tifull_a which_o plenty_n we_o must_v consider_v not_o in_o comparison_n of_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n which_o be_v in_o time_n past_a but_o according_a to_o the_o present_a abundance_n now_o find_v in_o all_o country_n which_o do_v due_o participate_v by_o the_o â—â—urse_n of_o traffic_v a_o competent_a share_v â—â—_o the_o whole_n far_o otherwise_o then_o we_o â—â—e_v neither_o be_v money_n more_o plenty_n heretofore_o when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a but_o 20._o penny_n judge_v of_o money_n 〈◊〉_d we_o do_v of_o commodity_n either_o dear_a 〈◊〉_d good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o â—â—ice_n whereas_o money_n must_v be_v still_o â—â—e_v measure_n and_o be_v value_v by_o public_a authority_n at_o a_o certainty_n whereby_o it_o do_v not_o only_o give_v or_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o all_o other_o metal_n but_o receive_v as_o it_o be_v by_o repercussion_n a_o price_n in_o it_o â—â—â—fe_n and_o rule_v at_o all_o time_n the_o course_n 〈◊〉_d commodity_n for_o albeit_o that_o plenteousness_n or_o scarcity_n of_o commodity_n in_o particular_a do_v alter_v the_o price_n 〈◊〉_d commodity_n yet_o with_o money_n it_o be_v otherwise_o notwithstanding_o the_o course_n 〈◊〉_d usury_n or_o exchange_n devise_v thereupon_o who_o operation_n fall_v in_o effect_n upon_o the_o commodity_n and_o the_o valuation_n or_o alteration_n of_o money_n concern_v only_o the_o sovereignty_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o every_o country_n as_o a_o thing_n peculiar_a unto_o they_o to_o avoid_v the_o carriage_n of_o money_n a_o certain_a exchange_n be_v devise_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n fineness_n and_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n and_o so_o be_v our_o exchange_n of_o england_n ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o money_n aforesaid_a &_o the_o weight_n &_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o other_o country_n and_o thereupon_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n for_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o money_n whereby_o we_o ought_v to_o examine_v and_o compare_v our_o weight_n aforesaid_a with_o the_o weight_n of_o other_o country_n and_o the_o fineness_n of_o our_o standard_n aforesaid_a with_o the_o fineness_n of_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o money_n 〈◊〉_d other_o country_n and_o if_o we_o differ_v not_o with_o they_o in_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n then_o may_v our_o exchange_n run_v at_o one_o price_n both_o for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n take_v the_o denomination_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o country_n and_o hereby_o shall_v we_o find_v how_o much_o fine_a silver_n or_o gold_n our_o pound_n starling_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o other_o money_n of_o germany_n france_n the_o low_a country_n the_o east_n country_n or_o elsewhere_o we_o be_v to_o have_v to_o counterualue_n the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a weight_n and_o fineness_n answerable_a unto_o we_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o pound_n crown_n ducat_n or_o dolâ—r_n give_v always_o value_n for_o value_n which_o therefore_o be_v call_v par._n this_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v and_o of_o late_a year_n become_v as_o it_o be_v a_o trade_n 〈◊〉_d rise_a and_o fall_v in_o price_n according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o discrepance_n and_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n be_v become_v predominant_a or_o do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n and_o be_v the_o very_a efficient_a cause_n of_o this_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n before_o speak_v of_o and_o consequent_o of_o the_o decrease_n of_o our_o wealth_n &_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n as_o by_o demonstrative_a reason_n shall_v be_v prove_v hereafter_o which_o efficient_a cause_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o remedy_n hereafter_o declare_v will_v make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o these_o general_a benefit_n will_v ensue_v loss_n of_o at_o the_o least_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n which_o the_o realm_n sustain_v yearly_a shall_v be_v avoid_v transportation_n of_o ready_a money_n shall_v be_v prevent_v the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v advance_v in_o sale_n and_o price_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n better_o cheap_a the_o queen_n custom_n shall_v much_o increase_v yearly_a money_n will_v be_v import_v again_o unto_o we_o in_o ample_a manner_n the_o queen_n shall_v have_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o mint_n and_o not_o only_o poor_a monyer_n but_o also_o all_o other_o artificer_n and_o workman_n shall_v be_v set_v on_o work_n to_o avoid_v idleness_n which_o be_v the_o root_n of_o all_o mischief_n when_o through_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o gain_n merchant_n shall_v be_v encourage_v to_o seek_v out_o new_a trade_n whereby_o the_o realm_n will_v more_o flourish_v through_o god_n blessing_n wherefore_o conclude_v with_o this_o first_o part_n of_o our_o treatise_n let_v we_o
above_o their_o value_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o those_o that_o will_v take_v this_o benefit_n of_o our_o gold_n need_v not_o to_o bring_v silver_n for_o that_o purpose_n have_v foreign_a commodity_n ready_a at_o hand_n in_o return_n whereof_o the_o gold_n be_v very_o commodious_a and_o profitable_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o buy_v up_o of_o the_o same_o when_o the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v low_a as_o before_o be_v declare_v we_o have_v already_o declare_v the_o general_a course_n of_o exchange_n now_o let_v we_o yet_o enter_v into_o some_o particular_n concern_v exchange_n &_o money_n and_o of_o foreign_a commodity_n come_v from_o the_o place_n with_o who_o we_o have_v ordinary_a exchange_n for_o roan_n paris_n lion_n bourdeaux_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n we_o have_v a_o ordinary_a exchange_n make_v according_a to_o their_o crown_n of_o 60._o sou_n the_o standard_n of_o their_o silver_n money_n be_v 11._o ounce_n fine_a albeit_o their_o base_a money_n as_o their_o sou_n and_o other_o be_v but_o three_o ounce_n and_o a_o half_a or_o somewhat_o better_a their_o crown_n gold_n 22._o carrat_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v by_o valuation_n 11._o to_o one_o but_o by_o toleration_n 12._o to_o one_o and_o many_o time_n more_o the_o crown_n of_o exchange_n be_v at_o 60._o sou_n &_o in_o specie_fw-la 63._o 64._o and_o 65._o sou_n and_o here_o let_v we_o note_v the_o wonderful_a operation_n of_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n and_o that_o whereas_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n be_v a_o hindrance_n of_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n unto_o we_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o france_n because_o money_n be_v bring_v over_o sometime_o from_o thence_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v receive_v above_o the_o value_n as_o the_o french_a crown_n and_o pistolet_n because_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v contrary_a for_o plenty_n of_o money_n with_o they_o make_v a_o low_a exchange_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v a_o high_a exchange_n with_o they_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o low_a exchange_n with_o we_o whereas_o for_o other_o place_n plenty_n of_o money_n make_v a_o low_a exchange_n with_o us._n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o importation_n of_o money_n the_o other_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o exportation_n yet_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o course_n of_o money_n receive_v not_o any_o benefit_n at_o all_o in_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o commodity_n as_o other_o country_n do_v for_o this_o french_a crown_n be_v value_v at_o 10._o shilling_n 10._o penny_n flemish_a make_v the_o right_a exchange_n to_o be_v above_o 36._o shilling_n for_o the_o low_a country_n where_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o same_o be_v carry_v and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n for_o other_o place_n the_o observation_n whereof_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o realm_n &_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n be_v take_v away_o will_v advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o we_o find_v that_o by_o our_o french_a merchant_n there_o be_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v unto_o we_o from_o russia_n and_o elsewhere_o sell_v into_o france_n as_o do_v countervail_v the_o employment_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o commodity_n from_o thence_o the_o freight_n and_o impost_n of_o wine_n redound_v to_o her_o majesty_n benefit_n and_o of_o her_o subject_n not_o be_v reckon_v the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v concern_v our_o exchange_n for_o venice_n &_o other_o place_n in_o italy_n which_o particular_a exchange_n be_v as_o in_o all_o traffic_n govern_v by_o the_o universal_a even_o in_o place_n where_o little_a or_o no_o trade_n of_o commodity_n be_v use_v as_o at_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n where_o money_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n and_o bereave_v of_o the_o natural_a course_n whereunto_o it_o be_v first_o devise_v this_o universal_a or_o general_a exchange_n make_v according_a unto_o our_o 20._o shilling_n sterling_a as_o be_v suppose_v have_v his_o course_n in_o manner_n aforesaid_a for_o all_o such_o place_n where_o most_o of_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v sell_v by_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n be_v it_o at_o embden_n middleborough_n amstelredam_n stoade_n or_o hamborough_n where_o our_o commodity_n of_o clothes_n kerseis_n bay_n tin_n lead_v or_o such_o like_a be_v sell_v and_o barter_v for_o such_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o be_v velvet_n satin_n silk_n venice_n gold_n fustian_n and_o such_o like_a purposely_o engross_v and_o bring_v to_o the_o aforesaid_a place_n &_o sell_v by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o banker_n to_o our_o merchant_n at_o so_o dear_a a_o rate_n that_o even_o other_o nation_n must_v buy_v the_o like_a commodity_n the_o dear_a for_o our_o sake_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o our_o merchant_n sell_v the_o say_a commodity_n dear_a according_o unto_o we_o be_v notwithstanding_o small_a gainer_n although_o general_o the_o realm_n lose_v great_o all_o which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v as_o before_o be_v show_v both_o for_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n we_o have_v give_v to_o contervalue_v the_o price_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n according_a to_o the_o overballance_v before_o speak_v of_o which_o during_o the_o trade_n with_o spain_n from_o whence_o money_n be_v continual_o bring_v over_o can_v not_o so_o sensible_o be_v feel_v as_o it_o be_v now_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a purchass_n of_o reprisall_n good_n so_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o barter_n of_o two_o merchant_n the_o one_o deliver_v commodity_n and_o money_n and_o the_o other_o commodity_n only_o he_o that_o deliver_v commodity_n only_o do_v overset_v the_o same_o in_o price_n and_o the_o other_o that_o deliver_v commodity_n and_o money_n do_v overset_v his_o commodity_n also_o somewhat_o according_o but_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o he_o can_v overset_v his_o money_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o he_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n for_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o money_n yet_o because_o he_o find_v through_o the_o excessive_a use_n of_o those_o foreign_a commodity_n present_a sale_n with_o a_o reasonable_a gain_n he_o think_v to_o have_v make_v a_o very_a good_a match_n whereas_o by_o his_o mean_n the_o realm_n be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o the_o ready_a money_n but_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n beside_o in_o pay_v too_o dear_a for_o those_o commodity_n as_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v if_o we_o do_v consider_v both_o the_o price_n of_o the_o above_o name_v foreign_a commodity_n and_o our_o home_n commodity_n alter_v within_o these_o fifty_o year_n we_o be_v like_a unto_o he_o that_o do_v not_o overset_v his_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a because_o we_o do_v esteem_v our_o money_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n less_o in_o value_n than_o they_o be_v and_o do_v receive_v the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n far_o above_o their_o value_n according_a to_o their_o toleration_n especial_o they_o hold_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n thereby_o continual_o twelve_o to_o one_o at_o hamborough_n and_o stoade_n the_o ordinary_a reckon_v be_v take_v to_o be_v 9_o mark_n 4._o shilling_n for_o our_o 20._o shilling_n sterling_a every_o of_o their_o mark_n be_v sixteen_o shilling_n lup_n make_v 148._o shilling_n which_o be_v 24._o shilling_n 8._o penny_n of_o their_o money_n for_o our_o pound_n the_o rickx_n dolor_n be_v 33._o shilling_n so_o that_o 4._o rickx_fw-la dollar_n and_o one_o half_a make_v 148._o shilling_n ½_o or_o 24._o shilling_n 9_o penny_n without_o reckon_v the_o discrepance_n of_o the_o time_n of_o 2._o month_n for_o their_o usance_n the_o consideration_n be_v at_o the_o least_o take_v after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n at_o embden_n this_o rickx_n dolor_n be_v currant_n in_o payment_n after_o flemish_a money_n at_o 47._o or_o 48._o stiver_n and_o the_o angel_n at_o 11._o gilderen_n and_o one_o half_a what_o merchant_n be_v he_o that_o can_v calculate_v this_o exchange_n to_o be_v abuse_v and_o that_o 36._o shilling_n flemish_a can_v answer_v our_o money_n if_o any_o man_n will_v think_v that_o upon_o admonition_n give_v to_o the_o state_n of_o the_o low_a country_n this_o may_v be_v reform_v and_o the_o like_a reformation_n will_v follow_v in_o other_o country_n especial_o those_o of_o hamborough_n and_o other_o place_n adjoin_v hold_v their_o money_n always_o as_o it_o be_v at_o a_o stand_n yet_o all_o will_v be_v to_o small_a purpose_n if_o it_o be_v by_o a_o general_a consent_n reform_v and_o establish_v so_o long_o as_o the_o exchange_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v from_o time_n to_o