Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bring_v	great_a	part_n	1,570	5	3.8915	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38811	Sylva, or, A discourse of forest-trees, and the propagation of timber in His Majesties dominions as it was deliver'd in the Royal Society the XVth of October, MDCLXII upon occasion of certain quæries propounded to that illustrious assembly, by the Honourable the Principal Officers, and Commissioners of the Navy : to which is annexed Pomona, or, An appendix concerning fruit-trees in relation to cider, the making, and severall wayes of ordering it published by expresse order of the Royal Society : also Kalendarivm hortense, or, the Gard'ners almanac, directing what he is to do monthly throughout the year / by John Evelyn ...	Evelyn, John, 1620-1706.	1670 (1670)	Wing E3517; ESTC R586	328,786	359

matrix_fw-la and_o heart_n deform_v the_o whole_a tree_n with_o many_o ugly_a botch_n which_o shorten_v its_o life_n and_o utter_o mar_v the_o timber_n i_o know_v sir_n h._n platt_n tell_v we_o the_o elm_n shall_v be_v so_o lop_v but_o he_o say_v it_o not_o of_o his_o own_o experience_n as_o i_o do_v 3._o by_o this_o animadversion_n alone_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o a_o ingenious_a man_n to_o understand_v how_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v which_o be_v in_o a_o word_n by_o cut_v clean_a smooth_a and_o close_o make_v the_o stroke_n upward_o and_o with_o a_o sharp_a bill_n so_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o untractable_a bough_n do_v not_o splice_n and_o carry_v the_o bark_n with_o it_o which_o be_v both_o dangerous_a and_o unsightly_a the_o oak_n will_v suffer_v itself_o to_o be_v make_v a_o pollard_n that_o be_v to_o have_v its_o head_n quite_o cut_v off_o but_o the_o elm_n so_o treat_v will_v perish_v to_o the_o foot_n and_o certain_o become_v hollow_a at_o last_o if_o it_o escape_v with_o life_n 4._o the_o proper_a season_n for_o this_o work_n be_v for_o old_a tree_n early_o for_o young_a late_a as_o a_o little_a after_o the_o change_n in_o january_n or_o february_n some_o say_v in_o december_n then_o shave_v their_o lock_n and_o cut_v their_o branchy_a tress_n severe_o now_o luxuriant_a bough_n repress_v tunc_fw-la string_n comas_fw-la tunc_fw-la brachia_fw-la tonde_v tunc_fw-la de●ique_fw-la dura_fw-la exerce_fw-la imperia_n &_o ramos_fw-la compesce_fw-la fluenteis_fw-la georg._n 2._o but_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o much_o in_o young_a fruit-tres_a after_o they_o once_o come_v to_o form_v a_o handsome_a head_n in_o which_o period_n you_o shall_v but_o only_o pare_v they_o over_o about_o march_n to_o cover_v the_o stock_n the_o soon_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v very_a choice_n to_o the_o age_a this_o be_v plain_o a_o renew_n of_o their_o youth_n and_o a_o extraordinary_a refreshment_n if_o take_v in_o time_n and_o that_o their_o arm_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o grow_v too_o great_a and_o large_a beside_o for_o interlucation_n exuberant_a branch_n &_o spissae_fw-la nemorum_fw-la comae_fw-la where_o the_o bough_n grow_v too_o thick_a and_o be_v cumbersome_a to_o let_v in_o the_o sun_n and_o air_n this_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n and_o so_o be_v the_o sedulous_a take_v away_o of_o sucker_n water-bough_n fretter_n etc._n etc._n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o tall_a timber_n the_o due_a strip_v up_o the_o branch_n and_o rub_v of_o the_o bud_n to_o the_o height_n you_o require_v yet_o some_o do_v total_o forbear_v the_o oak_n especial_o if_o aged_a observe_v that_o they_o much_o exceed_v in_o growth_n such_o as_o be_v prune_v and_o in_o truth_n such_o tree_n as_o we_o will_v leave_v for_o shade_n and_o ornament_n shall_v be_v seldom_o cut_v but_o the_o browse-wood_n cherish_v and_o preserve_v as_o low_a towards_o the_o ground_n as_o may_v be_v for_o a_o more_o venerable_a and_o solemn_a shade_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v much_o prefer_v the_o walk_n of_o elm_n at_o s._n james_n park_n as_o it_o late_o grow_v branchy_a intermingle_v their_o reverend_a tress_n before_o the_o present_a trim_v they_o up_o so_o high_a especial_o since_o i_o fear_v the_o remedy_n come_v too_o late_o to_o save_v their_o decay_n if_o the_o amputation_n of_o such_o overgrow_a part_n as_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o shall_v not_o rather_o accelerate_v it_o by_o expose_v their_o large_a and_o many_o wound_n to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n which_o will_v endanger_v the_o rot_a of_o they_o beyond_o all_o that_o can_v be_v apply_v by_o tar_n or_o otherwise_o to_o protect_v they_o i_o do_v rather_o conceive_v their_o infirmity_n to_o proceed_v from_o what_o have_v not_o long_o since_o be_v abate_v of_o their_o large_a spread_a branch_n to_o accommodate_v with_o the_o mall_n as_o any_o one_o may_v conjecture_v by_o the_o great_a impression_n which_o the_o wet_a have_v already_o make_v in_o those_o incurable_a scar_n that_o be_v now_o multiply_v must_v needs_o the_o soon_o impair_v they_o the_o root_n have_v likewise_o infinite_o suffer_v by_o many_o disturbance_n about_o they_o in_o all_o event_n this_o walk_n may_v have_v enjoy_v its_o goodly_a canopy_n with_o all_o their_o branchy_a furniture_n for_o some_o age_n to_o come_v since_o it_o be_v hardly_o one_o that_o first_o they_o be_v plant_v but_o his_o majesty_n will_v have_v provident_o and_o noble_o supply_v this_o defect_n by_o their_o successor_n of_o lime-tree_n which_o will_v soon_o accomplish_v their_o perfection_n 5._o divers_a other_o precept_n of_o this_o nature_n i_o can_v here_o enumerate_v have_v not_o the_o great_a experience_n faithful_a and_o accurate_a description_n how_o this_o necessary_a work_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v set_v down_o by_o our_o countryman_n honest_a lawson_n orchard_n cap._n 11._o prevent_v all_o that_o the_o most_o inquisitive_a can_v suggest_v the_o particular_n be_v so_o ingenious_a and_o high_o material_a that_o you_o will_v not_o be_v displease_v to_o read_v they_o in_o his_o own_o style_n all_o age_n say_v he_o by_o rule_n and_o experience_n do_v consent_n to_o a_o prune_n and_o lop_n of_o tree_n yet_o have_v not_o any_o that_o i_o know_v describe_v unto_o we_o except_o in_o dark_a and_o general_a word_n what_o or_o which_o be_v those_o superfluous_a bough_n which_o we_o must_v take_v away_o and_o that_o be_v the_o most_o chief_a and_o most_o needful_a point_n to_o be_v know_v in_o lop_n and_o we_o may_v well_o assure_v ourselves_o as_o in_o all_o other_o art_n so_o in_o this_o there_o be_v a_o vantage_n and_o dexterity_n by_o skill_n a_o habit_n by_o practice_n out_o of_o experience_n in_o the_o performance_n hereof_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o mankind_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o know_v let_v i_o speak_v it_o with_o patience_n of_o our_o cunning_a arborist_n any_o thing_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o humane_a affair_n so_o necessary_a and_o so_o little_o regard_v not_o only_o in_o orchard_n but_o also_o in_o all_o other_o timber-tree_n where_o or_o whatsoever_o now_o to_o our_o purpose_n how_o many_o forest_n and_o wood_n wherein_o you_o shall_v have_v for_o one_o lively_a thrive_a tree_n four_o nay_o sometime_o twenty_o four_o evil_o thrive_a rot_a and_o die_a tree_n even_o while_o they_o live_v and_o instead_o of_o tree_n thousand_o of_o bush_n and_o shrub_n what_o rottenness_n what_o hollowness_n what_o dead_a arm_n wither_a top_n curtail_v trunk_n what_o load_v of_o moss_n droop_a bough_n and_o die_v branch_n shall_v you_o see_v every_o where_o and_o those_o that_o in_o this_o sort_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o unprofitable_a bough_n canker_a arm_n crooked_a little_a and_o short_a boal_n what_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o bush_n shrub_n and_o skrag_v of_o hasel_n thorn_n and_o other_o unprofitable_a wood_n which_o may_v be_v bring_v by_o dress_v to_o become_v great_a and_o goodly_a tree_n consider_v now_o the_o cause_n the_o lesser_a wood_n have_v be_v spoil_v with_o careless_a unskilful_a and_o untimely_o slow_v and_o much_o also_o of_o the_o great_a wood._n the_o great_a tree_n at_o the_o first_o rise_n have_v fill_v and_o overload_v themselves_o with_o a_o number_n of_o wasteful_a bough_n and_o sucker_n which_o have_v not_o only_o draw_v the_o sap_n from_o the_o boal_n but_o also_o have_v make_v it_o knotty_a and_o themselves_o and_o the_o boal_n mossy_a for_o want_v of_o dress_v whereas_o if_o in_o the_o prime_n of_o growth_n they_o have_v be_v take_v away_o close_o all_o but_o one_o top_n and_o clean_o by_o the_o bulk_n the_o strength_n of_o all_o the_o sap_n shall_v have_v go_v to_o the_o bulk_n and_o so_o he_o will_v have_v recover_v and_o cover_v his_o knot_n and_o have_v put_v forth_o a_o fair_a long_o and_o straight_o body_n for_o timber_n profitable_a huge_a great_a of_o bulk_n and_o of_o infinite_a last_n if_o all_o timber-tree_n be_v such_o will_n some_o say_v how_o shall_v we_o have_v crooked_a wood_n for_o wheel_n coorbs_n &_o c_o answ_n dress_v all_o you_o can_v and_o there_o will_v be_v enough_o crooked_a for_o those_o use_n more_o than_o this_o in_o most_o place_n they_o grow_v so_o thick_a that_o neither_o themselves_o nor_o earth_n nor_o any_o thing_n under_o or_o near_o they_o can_v thrive_v nor_o sun_n nor_o rain_n nor_o air_n can_v do_v they_o nor_o any_o thing_n near_o or_o under_o they_o any_o profit_n or_o comfort_n i_o see_v a_o number_n of_o hag_n where_o out_o of_o one_o root_n you_o shall_v see_v three_o or_o four_o nay_o more_o such_o be_v man_n unskilful_a greediness_n who_o desire_v many_o have_v none_o good_a pretty_a oak_n or_o ash_n straight_o and_o tall_a because_o the_o root_n at_o the_o first_o shoot_n give_v sap_n amain_o but_o if_o one_o only_a of_o they_o may_v be_v suffer_v to_o grow_v and_o that_o well_o and_o clean_o prune_v all_o to_o

it_o either_o do_v not_o or_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v that_o it_o will_v not_o work_v or_o ferment_n strong_o enough_o they_o have_v use_v to_o put_v in_o mustard_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n of_o like_a nature_n to_o increase_v the_o fermentation_n now_o that_o which_o in_o cider_n of_o pippin_n have_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o great_a fermentation_n than_o in_o cider_n of_o hard-apple_n be_v both_o use_v after_o the_o former_a method_n be_v this_o that_o the_o pippin_n be_v a_o soft_a fruit_n be_v in_o the_o mill_n bruise_v into_o small_a particle_n than_o the_o hard_a sort_n of_o apple_n and_o consequent_o more_o of_o those_o small_a part_n pass_v the_o strainer_n in_o the_o pepin-cider_n than_o in_o the_o cider_n of_o hard-apple_n which_o cause_v a_o strong_a fermentation_n and_o according_a to_o my_o former_a principle_n a_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o native_a sweetness_n than_o in_o that_o of_o hard-apple-cider_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o the_o lee_n of_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n be_v compound_v of_o great_a particle_n than_o the_o lee_n of_o the_o pepin-cider_n every_o individual_a particle_n be_v in_o itself_o of_o a_o great_a weight_n than_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o lee_n of_o the_o pepin-cider_n and_o consequent_o less_o apt_a to_o rise_v upon_o small_a motion_n which_o produce_v this_o effect_n that_o when_o the_o fermentation_n of_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n be_v once_o over_o unless_o the_o vessel_n be_v stir_v it_o seldom_o fall_v to_o a_o second_o fermentation_n but_o in_o pepin-cider_n it_o be_v otherwise_o for_o if_o the_o gross_a lee_n be_v still_o remain_v with_o the_o cider_n it_o need_v not_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o vessel_n to_o cause_v a_o new_a fermentation_n but_o every_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n by_o a_o change_n of_o weather_n from_o dry_a to_o moist_a will_v cause_v a_o new_a fermentation_n and_o consequent_o make_v it_o work_v till_o it_o have_v destroy_v itself_o by_o lose_v its_o native_a sweetness_n and_o this_o alone_a have_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o common_o when_o they_o broach_v their_o pepin-cider_n they_o find_v it_o so_o unpleasant_a that_o general_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n be_v prefer_v before_o it_o although_o at_o first_o it_o be_v not_o so_o pleasant_a as_o the_o pepin-cider_n yet_o after_o this_o mischief_n have_v prevail_v over_o the_o pepin-cider_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n to_o find_v the_o hard-apple-cider_n remain_v not_o only_o the_o strong_a but_o even_o the_o more_o pleasant_a taste_v this_o to_o i_o seem_v satisfactory_a for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o cause_n why_o in_o herefordshire_n the_o hard-apple-cider_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o pepin-cider_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v by_o some_o be_v object_v that_o they_o have_v before_o the_o ten_o year_n in_o which_o you_o pretend_v you_o find_v this_o to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spoil_v the_o pepin-cider_n be_v in_o herefordshire_n and_o taste_v the_o best_a cider_n that_o country_n do_v afford_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o pepin-cider_n they_o have_v before_o then_o taste_v in_o other_o part_n to_o this_o i_o do_v answer_n at_o present_a brief_o that_o by_o some_o mistake_n or_o chance_n the_o maker_n of_o this_o pepin-cider_n which_o prove_v good_a have_v do_v that_o or_o somewhat_o like_o that_o which_o under_o the_o next_o assertion_n i_o shall_v set_v down_o as_o a_o method_n to_o cure_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o happen_v to_o pepin-cider_n by_o the_o suffering_n it_o to_o ferment_n too_o often_o or_o too_o strong_o but_o till_o that_o be_v explain_v it_o will_v be_v improper_a to_o show_v more_o full_o what_o these_o particular_a accident_n may_v possible_o be_v which_o without_o the_o intention_n of_o those_o person_n which_o make_v the_o cider_n cause_v it_o to_o prove_v much_o better_a than_o their_o expectation_n or_o indeed_o better_o than_o any_o can_v afterward_o make_v they_o possible_o assign_v the_o goodness_n of_o that_o cider_n to_o somewhat_o that_o be_v not_o real_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o effect_n to_o justify_v my_o four_o assertion_n and_o show_v a_o method_n how_o to_o cure_v the_o inconveniency_n which_o happen_v to_o pepin-cider_n by_o the_o over-working_a i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o some_o thing_n which_o i_o have_v be_v often_o tell_v concern_v wine_n and_o which_o indeed_o give_v i_o the_o light_n to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o have_v make_v pepin-cider_n that_o have_v wrought_v long_o hard_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v clear_a again_o the_o thing_n i_o mean_v be_v that_o in_o divers_a part_n and_o even_o in_o france_n they_o make_v three_o sort_n of_o wine_n out_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o grape_n that_o be_v they_o first_o take_v the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n without_o any_o more_o press_v than_o what_o come_v from_o their_o own_o weight_n in_o the_o what_fw-mi and_o the_o bruise_n they_o have_v in_o put_v into_o vessel_n which_o cause_v the_o ripe_a of_o those_o grape_n to_o break_v and_o the_o juice_n without_o any_o press_n at_o all_o make_v the_o pleasant_a and_o most_o delicate_a wine_n and_o if_o the_o grape_n be_v red_a then_o be_v this_o first_o wine_n very_o pale_a the_o second_o sort_n they_o press_v a_o little_a which_o make_v a_o red_a wine_n but_o neither_o so_o pleasant_a as_o the_o first_o nor_o so_o harsh_a as_o the_o last_o which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o utmost_a press_v of_o the_o very_a skin_n of_o the_o grape_n and_o be_v by_o much_o more_o harsh_a and_o of_o deep_a colour_n than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o two_o now_o i_o presume_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o at_o least_o in_o part_n to_o be_v that_o in_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o wine_n which_o have_v little_a of_o the_o substance_n beside_o the_o very_a juice_n of_o the_o grape_n there_o be_v little_a lee_n and_o consequent_o little_a fermentation_n and_o because_o it_o do_v not_o work_v long_o it_o lose_v but_o little_a of_o the_o original_a sweetness_n it_o have_v the_o second_o sort_n be_v a_o little_a more_o press_v have_v somewhat_o more_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o grape_n add_v to_o the_o juice_n and_o therefore_o have_v more_o of_o that_o part_n which_o cause_v fermentation_n put_v with_o it_o ferment_n more_o strong_o and_o be_v therefore_o when_o it_o have_v do_v work_v less_o pleasant_a than_o the_o first_o sort_n which_o wrought_v less_o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v most_o of_o all_o press_v have_v most_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o grape_n mingle_v with_o the_o liquor_n and_o work_v the_o long_a but_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n when_o it_o settle_v and_o be_v clear_a it_o be_v much_o more_o harsh_a than_o either_o of_o the_o two_o first_o sort_n the_o thought_n of_o this_o make_v i_o first_o apprehend_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o apple_n mingle_v with_o the_o juice_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o fermentation_n which_o be_v real_o nothing_o else_o but_o a_o endeavour_n of_o the_o liquor_n to_o free_v itself_o from_o those_o heterogeneous_a part_n which_o be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o where_o there_o be_v the_o great_a proportion_n of_o those_o dissimilar_v part_n mingle_v with_o the_o liquor_n the_o endeavour_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v the_o strong_a and_o take_v up_o more_o time_n to_o perfect_v the_o separation_n which_o when_o finish_v leave_v all_o the_o liquor_n clear_a and_o the_o gross_a part_n settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n which_o we_o call_v the_o lee._n nor_o do_v this_o apprehension_n deceive_v i_o for_o when_o i_o begin_v according_a to_o the_o method_n which_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o set_v down_o to_o separate_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o lee_n from_o the_o cider_n before_o it_o have_v ferment_v i_o find_v it_o to_o retain_v a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o its_o original_a sweetness_n more_o than_o it_o will_v have_v do_v if_o the_o lee_n have_v not_o be_v take_v away_o before_o the_o fermentation_n and_o this_o not_o once_o but_o constant_o for_o seven_o year_n now_o the_o method_n which_o i_o use_v be_v this_o when_o the_o cider_n be_v first_o strain_v i_o put_v it_o into_o a_o great_a what_fw-mi and_o there_o let_v it_o stand_v twenty_o four_o hour_n at_o least_o sometime_o more_o if_o the_o apple_n be_v more_o ripe_a than_o ordinary_a and_o then_o at_o a_o tap_n before_o prepare_v in_o the_o vessel_n three_o or_o four_o inch_n from_o the_o bottom_n i_o draw_v it_o into_o pail_n and_o from_o thence_o fill_v the_o hogshead_n or_o lesser_a vessel_n and_o leave_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lee_n behind_o and_o during_o this_o time_n that_o the_o cider_n stand_v in_o the_o what_fw-mi i_o keep_v it_o as_o close_v cover_v with_o hair-clothe_n or_o sack_n as_o i_o can_v that_o so_o too_o much_o of_o the_o spirit_n may_v not_o evaporate_v now_o possible_o i_o may_v be_v ask_v

upon_o it_o i_o must_v declare_v what_o i_o will_v not_o in_o the_o least_o pretend_v to_o do_v 1._o i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o any_o thing_n concern_v the_o plant_n and_o graft_n of_o tree_n etc._n etc._n nor_o what_o tree_n will_v soon_o bear_v or_o last_v long_a nor_o what_o sort_v of_o tree_n be_v the_o best_a bearer_n and_o may_v with_o least_o danger_n grow_v in_o common_a field_n nor_o what_o sort_n of_o fruit_n will_v yield_v the_o great_a store_n of_o cider_n nor_o what_o cider_n will_v keep_v the_o long_a and_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o wholesome_a to_o drink_v constant_o with_o meat_n the_o only_a thing_n i_o shall_v endeavour_v be_v to_o prescribe_v a_o way_n to_o make_v a_o sort_n of_o cider_n pleasant_a and_o quick_a of_o taste_n and_o yet_o wholesome_a to_o drink_v sometime_o and_o in_o a_o moderate_a proportion_n for_o if_o this_o be_v a_o heresy_n i_o must_v confess_v myself_o guilty_a that_o i_o prefer_v canary-wine_n verdea_n the_o pleasant_a wine_n of_o greece_n and_o the_o high-country-wine_n before_o the_o harsh_a sherry_n vin_fw-fr de_fw-fr hermitage_n and_o the_o italian_a and_o portugal_n rough_a wine_n or_o the_o best_a graves-wine_n not_o at_o all_o regard_v that_o i_o be_o tell_v and_o do_v believe_v that_o these_o harsh_a wine_n be_v more_o comfortable_a to_o the_o stomach_n and_o a_o surfeit_n of_o they_o less_o noxious_a when_o take_v nor_o to_o be_v take_v but_o with_o drink_v great_a quantity_n than_o can_v with_o safety_n be_v take_v of_o those_o other_o pleasant_a wine_n i_o satisfy_v myself_o with_o this_o that_o i_o like_v the_o pleasant_a wine_n best_a which_o yet_o be_v so_o wholesome_a that_o a_o man_n may_v drink_v a_o moderate_a quantity_n of_o they_o without_o prejudice_n nor_o shall_v i_o at_o all_o concern_v myself_o whether_o this_o sort_n of_o cider_n i_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o vinous_a a_o liquor_n and_o consequent_o will_v yield_v so_o much_o spirit_n upon_o distillation_n or_o so_o soon_o make_v the_o countryman_n think_v himself_o a_o lord_n as_o the_o hard-apple-cider_n will_v do_v nor_o whether_o it_o will_v last_v so_o long_o for_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o my_o design_n to_o persuade_v the_o world_n to_o lay_v by_o the_o make_n of_o hard-apple-cider_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o degree_n to_o show_v how_o to_o improve_v that_o in_o point_n of_o pleasantness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o make_n and_o right_o order_v of_o cider_n of_o the_o best_a eating-apple_n as_o golden-pepin_n kentish-pepin_n pearmains_a etc._n etc._n there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o more_o pleasant_a liquor_n for_o the_o time_n it_o will_v last_v than_o can_v be_v produce_v from_o those_o apple_n which_o i_o call_v hard-apple_n that_o be_v to_o say_v redstrakes_a gennet-moyle_n the_o broms●ury-crab_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v so_o harsh_a that_o a_o hog_n will_v hardly_o eat_v they_o nor_o shall_v i_o at_o all_o meddle_v with_o the_o make_n of_o perry_n or_o of_o any_o mix_a drink_n of_o the_o juice_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n though_o possible_o what_o i_o shall_v say_v for_o cider_n may_v be_v apt_o apply_v to_o perry_n also_o for_o the_o first_o particular_a i_o assert_v that_o the_o best_a apple_n will_v make_v the_o pleasant_a which_o in_o my_o sense_n be_v the_o best_a cider_n and_o i_o account_v those_o the_o best_a apple_n who_o juice_n be_v the_o pleasant_a at_o the_o time_n when_o first_o press_v before_o fermentation_n i_o shall_v need_v beside_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o last_o ten_o year_n only_o to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o undeniable_a thing_n in_o all_o wine_n that_o the_o pleasant_a grape_n make_v the_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a wine_n and_o that_o cider_n be_v real_o but_o the_o wine_n of_o apple_n and_o not_o only_o make_v by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o compression_n but_o leave_v to_o itself_o have_v the_o same_o way_n of_o fermentation_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o same_o measure_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o material_n to_o my_o second_o assertion_n that_o this_o truth_n be_v not_o former_o own_v by_o reason_n that_o in_o herefordshire_n and_o those_o country_n where_o they_o abound_v both_o with_o pippin_n and_o hard-apple_n of_o all_o sort_n they_o make_v cider_n of_o both_o sort_n and_o use_v they_o alike_o that_o be_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o ground_n and_o press_v the_o apple_n and_o strain_v the_o liquor_n they_o put_v it_o into_o their_o vessel_n and_o there_o let_v it_o lie_v till_o it_o have_v wrought_v and_o afterward_o be_v settle_v again_o and_o fine_v as_o not_o think_v it_o wholesome_a to_o drink_v till_o it_o have_v thus_o as_o they_o call_v it_o purge_v itself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o frequent_a use_n of_o most_o man_n in_o the_o more_o southern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o england_n also_o now_o when_o cider_n be_v thus_o use_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o when_o they_o come_v to_o broach_v it_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n find_v their_o pepin-cider_n not_o so_o pleasant_a as_o their_o moil_n or_o red_a strake-cider_n but_o to_o they_o it_o seem_v a_o wonder_n because_o they_o do_v not_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o which_o shall_v be_v my_o next_o work_n to_o make_v out_o for_o till_o they_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o ●ffect_n they_o have_v no_o cause_n but_o to_o think_v it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o several_a apple_n that_o produce_v it_o and_o consequent_o to_o prefer_v the_o hard-apple-cider_n and_o to_o use_v the_o other_o apple_n which_o be_v good_a to_o eat_v raw_a for_o the_o table_n which_o be_v a_o use_n not_o less_o necessary_a and_o for_o which_o the_o hard-apple_n be_v total_o improper_a to_o my_o three_o assertion_n which_o be_v that_o in_o herefordshire_n they_o know_v not_o what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o their_o pepin-cider_n for_o by_o that_o name_n i_o shall_v general_o call_v all_o sort_n of_o cider_n that_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n good_a to_o eat_v raw_a be_v not_o as_o they_o use_v it_o so_o good_a as_o the_o cider_n make_v of_o hard-apple_n for_o by_o that_o name_n for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v call_v the_o cider_n of_o moyle_n red-strake_a and_o all_o other_o sort_n of_o harsh_a apple_n not_o fit_a to_o eat_v raw_a first_o i_o say_v for_o all_o liquor_n that_o be_v vinous_a the_o cause_n that_o make_v they_o sometime_o hard_o or_o less_o pleasant_a to_o the_o taste_n than_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o press_v be_v the_o too_o much_o ferment_v if_o wine_n or_o cider_n by_o any_o accidental_a cause_n do_v ferment_n twice_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a than_o if_o it_o have_v ferment_v but_o once_o and_o if_o it_o ferment_n thrice_o it_o be_v hard_a and_o worse_o than_o if_o it_o have_v ferment_v but_o twice_o and_o so_o onward_o the_o often_o it_o ferment_n and_o the_o long_o it_o ferment_n it_o still_o grow_v the_o hard_a this_o be_v lay_v as_o a_o foundation_n before_o we_o proceed_v further_a we_o must_v first_o consider_v what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o fermentation_n in_o wine_n cider_n and_o all_o other_o vinous_a liquor_n which_o in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n be_v the_o gross_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o escape_v in_o the_o strain_n of_o the_o cider_n for_o in_o make_v of_o wine_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o they_o use_v the_o curiosity_n of_o strain_v and_o which_o be_v general_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lee_n of_o that_o wine_z or_o cider_n and_o this_o lee_n i_o shall_v according_a to_o its_o thickness_n of_o part_n distinguish_v into_o the_o gross_a lee_n and_o the_o fly_a lee._n now_o according_a to_o the_o old_a method_n of_o make_v and_o put_v up_o of_o cider_n they_o take_v little_a care_n of_o put_v up_o only_o the_o clear_a part_n of_o the_o cider_n into_o their_o vessel_n or_o cask_n but_o put_v they_o up_o thick_a and_o thin_a together_o not_o at_o all_o regard_v this_o separation_n for_o experimental_o they_o find_v that_o how_o thick_a soever_o they_o put_v it_o up_o yet_o after_o it_o have_v thorough_o wrought_v or_o ferment_v and_o be_v settle_v again_o it_o will_v still_o be_v clear_a and_o perchance_o that_o which_o be_v put_v up_o the_o soon_a after_o it_o be_v press_v and_o the_o thick_a will_v when_o the_o fermentation_n be_v over_o be_v the_o clear_a the_o brisk_v and_o keep_v the_o long_a this_o make_v they_o confident_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o not_o inconvenient_a to_o put_v it_o up_o quick_o after_o the_o press_a but_o in_o some_o degree_n necessary_a also_o to_o put_v it_o up_o soon_o after_o the_o press_a so_o that_o it_o may_v have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o lee_n mix_v with_o it_o that_o it_o may_v certain_o soon_o and_o strong_o put_v it_o into_o a_o fermentation_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o make_v it_o wholesome_a clean_a and_o brisk_a and_o when_o

but_o that_o when_o it_o be_v at_o last_o master_v and_o the_o cider_n bottle_a in_o a_o fit_a temper_n it_o be_v never_o more_o pleasant_a and_o quick_a than_o this_o year_n but_o i_o find_v that_o this_o year_n our_o cider_n of_o summer-apple_n be_v already_o turn_v sour_a although_o it_o be_v now_o but_o the_o first_o of_o january_n and_o the_o last_o year_n it_o keep_v very_o well_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o march_n which_o make_v i_o fear_v that_o our_o pepin-cider_n will_v not_o keep_v till_o this_o time_n twelvemonth_n as_o our_o pepin-cider_n of_o the_o last_o year_n do_v till_o this_o day_n and_o still_o retain_v its_o original_a pleasantness_n without_o the_o least_o turn_n towards_o sourness_n and_o i_o be_o very_o confident_a the_o difference_n of_o time_n and_o trouble_n which_o this_o year_n we_o find_v in_o get_v the_o cider_n to_o fine_a and_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o bottle_n be_v only_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o very_a bad_a and_o wet_a summer_n which_o make_v the_o fruit_n not_o ripen_v kind_o and_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o worse_o we_o have_v just_a at_o the_o time_n when_o we_o make_v our_o cider_n this_o year_n extreme_a wet_a and_o windy_a weather_n which_o add_v to_o the_o unkindliness_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v the_o whole_a cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n and_o however_o my_o hypothesis_n as_o yet_o remain_v firm_a for_o if_o by_o take_v any_o part_n of_o the_o lee_n from_o the_o cider_n you_o can_v preserve_v it_o in_o its_o original_a sweetness_n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o material_a whether_o it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v do_v by_o twice_o draw_v off_o from_o the_o lee_n or_o that_o it_o must_v sometime_o be_v do_v with_o more_o trouble_n and_o by_o often_o repeat_v the_o same_o work_n so_o that_o final_o it_o be_v do_v and_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n that_o be_v by_o take_v away_o part_n of_o the_o lee_n which_o otherwise_o will_v have_v cause_v too_o much_o fermentation_n and_o consequent_o have_v make_v the_o cider_n lose_v part_n of_o its_o original_a sweetness_n my_o lord_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v presume_v to_o have_v give_v you_o and_o the_o society_n the_o trouble_n of_o peruse_v this_o paper_n but_o that_o if_o possible_a i_o will_v have_v you_o see_v that_o what_o i_o think_v a_o error_n in_o any_o opinion_n that_o i_o have_v hold_v i_o be_o willing_a to_o own_o and_o yet_o i_o desire_v not_o that_o you_o shall_v think_v my_o mistake_n great_a than_o in_o reality_n it_o be_v observation_n concern_v the_o make_v and_o preserve_v of_o cider_n by_o john_n newburgh_n esq_n 1._o if_o the_o apple_n be_v make_v up_o immediate_o from_o the_o tree_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o yield_v more_o but_o not_o so_o good_a cider_n as_o when_o hoard_v the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n and_o if_o they_o contract_v any_o unpleasing_a taste_n as_o sometime_o it_o be_v confess_v they_o do_v it_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o room_n they_o lie_v in_o which_o if_o it_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o of_o either_o too_o sweet_a or_o unsavoury_a smell_n the_o apple_n as_o thing_n most_o susceptible_a of_o impression_n will_v be_v easy_o taint_v thereby_o one_o of_o my_o acquaintance_n when_o a_o child_n hoard_v apple_n in_o a_o box_n where_o rose-cake_n and_o other_o sweet_n be_v their_o companion_n find_v they_o of_o so_o unsavoury_a taste_n and_o of_o so_o rank_a a_o relish_n derive_v from_o the_o too_o near_a neighbourhood_n of_o the_o perfume_n that_o even_o a_o childish_a palate_n which_o seldom_o mislike_v any_o thing_n that_o look_v like_o a_o apple_n can_v not_o dispense_v with_o it_o 2._o it_o be_v therefore_o observe_v by_o prudent_a fruiterer_n to_o lay_v their_o apple_n upon_o clean_a new_a make_v reed_n till_o they_o grind_v they_o for_o cider_n or_o otherwise_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o if_o notwithstanding_o this_o caution_n they_o contract_v any_o rottenness_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o cider-press_a the_o damage_n will_v not_o be_v great_a if_o care_n be_v have_v before_o the_o apple_n be_v ground_n to_o pick_v out_o the_o finnew_v and_o the_o black-rotten_a the_o rest_n though_o somewhat_o of_o putrefaction_n have_v pass_v upon_o they_o will_v not_o render_v the_o cider_n ill_o condition_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o taste_n or_o duration_n a_o friend_n of_o my_o have_v make_v provision_n of_o apple_n for_o cider_n whereof_o so_o great_a a_o part_n be_v find_v rot_v when_o the_o time_n of_o grind_v they_o come_v that_o they_o do_v as_o it_o be_v wash_n the_o room_n with_o their_o juice_n through_o which_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o wring_n have_v cider_n from_o they_o not_o only_o passable_a but_o exceed_v good_a though_o not_o without_o previous_a use_n of_o the_o pre-mentioned_a caution_n i_o be_o also_o assure_v by_o a_o neighbour_n of_o i_o that_o a_o brother_n of_o he_o who_o be_v a_o great_a cider-merchant_n in_o devonshire_n be_v by_o frequent_a experience_n so_o well_o satisfy_v of_o the_o harmlesness_n of_o rotten-apple_n that_o he_o make_v no_o scruple_n of_o exchange_v with_o any_o one_o that_o come_v to_o his_o cider-press_a a_o bushel_n of_o sound-apple_n for_o the_o same_o measure_n of_o the_o other_o herein_o i_o suppose_v if_o in_o other_o respect_v they_o be_v not_o prejudicial_a he_o may_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o the_o near_a compression_n of_o the_o taint_a fruit_n which_o as_o we_o speak_v in_o our_o country_n phrase_n will_v go_v near_o together_o than_o the_o other_o his_o advantage_n may_v be_v the_o great_a if_o the_o conceit_n which_o go_v current_n with_o they_o be_v not_o a_o bottomless_a fancy_n that_o a_o convenient_a quantity_n of_o rotten-apple_n mix_v with_o the_o sound_n be_v great_o assistant_n to_o the_o work_n of_o fermentation_n and_o notable_o help_v to_o clarify_v the_o cider_n 3._o it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o the_o cider_n be_v force_v to_o purge_v itself_o by_o work_v downward_o in_o the_o barrel_n or_o upward_o at_o the_o usual_a vent_n so_o there_o be_v matter_n sufficient_a leave_v on_o the_o top_n for_o a_o thick_a skin_n or_o film_n which_o will_v sometime_o be_v draw_v over_o it_o when_o it_o work_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v present_o stop_v up_o with_o space_n leave_v for_o fermentation_n to_o be_v perform_v altogether_o within_o the_o vessel_n the_o thick_a skin_n or_o leathern-coat_n the_o cider_n oftentimes_o contract_v as_o well_o after_o it_o have_v purge_v itself_o after_o the_o usual_a manner_n as_o otherwise_o be_v hold_v the_o sure_a preservation_n of_o its_o spirit_n and_o the_o best_a security_n against_o other_o inconvenience_n incident_a to_o this_o and_o other_o like_a vinous_a liquor_n of_o which_o the_o devonshire_n cider-merchant_n be_v so_o sensible_a that_o beside_o the_o particular_a care_n they_o take_v that_o matter_n be_v not_o want_v for_o the_o contexture_n of_o this_o upper_a garment_n by_o stop_v up_o the_o vessel_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v fill_v it_o with_o the_o allowance_n of_o a_o gallon_n or_o two_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o fermentation_n they_o cast_v in_o wheaten_n bran_n or_o dust_n to_o thicken_v the_o coat_n and_o render_v it_o more_o certain_o air-proof_n and_o i_o think_v you_o will_v believe_v their_o care_n in_o this_o kind_n not_o impertinent_a if_o you_o can_v believe_v a_o story_n which_o i_o have_v to_o tell_v of_o its_o marvellous_a efficacy_n a_o near_a neighbour_n of_o i_o assure_v i_o that_o his_o wife_n have_v this_o year_n fill_v a_o barrel_n with_o mead_n be_v strong_a it_o wrought_v so_o boisterous_o in_o the_o vessel_n that_o the_o good_a woman_n cast_v her_o eye_n that_o way_n accidental_o find_v it_o leak_a at_o every_o chink_n which_o ascribe_v to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o liquor_n she_o think_v immediate_o by_o give_v it_o vent_v to_o save_v both_o the_o liquor_n and_o the_o vessel_n but_o in_o vain_a both_o the_o stopple_v be_v pull_v out_o the_o leakage_n still_o continue_v and_o the_o vessel_n not_o at_o all_o relieve_v till_o casual_o at_o length_n put_v in_o her_o finger_n at_o the_o top_n she_o break_v the_o prementioned_a film_n which_o do_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o mead_n immediate_o fly_v out_o leave_v the_o residue_n in_o peace_n and_o the_o leakage_n cease_v it_o may_v seem_v incredible_a that_o so_o thin_a a_o skin_n shall_v be_v more_o coercive_a to_o a_o mutinous_a liquor_n than_o a_o barrel_n with_o oaken-rib_n and_o stubborn_a hoop_n but_o i_o be_o so_o well_o assure_v of_o the_o veritableness_n of_o my_o neighbour_n relation_n that_o i_o dare_v not_o question_v it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o let_v wise_a man_n determine_v 4._o if_o the_o apple_n be_v abortive_a have_v be_v as_o it_o usual_o happen_v shake_v down_o before_o the_o time_n by_o a_o violent_a wind_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v so_o indispensable_o