do_v not_o spring_v the_o test_n must_v be_v for_o double_a the_o quantity_n of_o your_o course_n silver_n and_o according_o you_o be_v to_o take_v more_o or_o less_o lead_n to_o drive_v out_o three_o pound_n of_o copper_n be_v twenty_o four_o pound_n lead_v requisite_a but_o be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v all_o at_o once_o then_o blow_v until_o the_o same_o do_v drive_v off_o and_o the_o silver_n remain_v which_o take_v out_o sudden_o etc._n etc._n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o finesse_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n it_o be_v now_o twenty_o year_n complete_a since_o thomas_n lord_n knyvet_n sir_n richard_n martin_n and_o diverse_a other_o knight_n and_o alderman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o master_n john_n williams_n his_o majesty_n goldsmith_n and_o myself_o be_v in_o commission_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mint_n affair_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o transportation_n of_o the_o money_n of_o 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immoderate_a use_n of_o they_o and_o neglect_v to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n so_o that_o the_o remedy_n be_v whole_o find_v to_o consist_v in_o reform_v the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n whereof_o i_o have_v handle_v at_o large_a in_o the_o three_o part_n of_o this_o book_n for_o exchange_n hereupon_o confer_v the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n of_o 12_o ounce_n with_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n admit_v one_o mark_n and_o a_o half_a for_o the_o say_a pound_n we_o find_v with_o france_n full_a three_o penny_n weight_n we_o to_o be_v heavy_a and_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n 2_o ½_n penny_n weight_n or_o thereabouts_o with_o scotland_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o nine_o grain_n and_o always_o heavy_a than_o any_o other_o this_o agree_v with_o a_o instruction_n declare_v in_o a_o old_a book_n concern_v mint_n matter_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n 3_o where_o it_o be_v demand_v what_o benefit_n it_o will_v be_v to_o the_o king_n and_o realm_n troy_n 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call_v 10_o ounce_n fine_a and_o so_o if_o there_o be_v 10_o ounce_n 16_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n and_o so_o call_v in_o finesse_n then_o be_v there_o one_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n in_o copper_n and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o finesse_n according_o the_o like_a be_v for_o the_o gold_n whereof_o the_o say_a pound_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n be_v two_o carrat_n for_o one_o ounce_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la be_v divide_v with_o we_o into_o four_o grain_n and_o finesse_n according_o from_o this_o general_a weight_n of_o the_o pound_n weight_n general_n weight_n special_a weight_n be_v derive_v the_o special_a weight_n of_o the_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n wherein_o after_o that_o the_o commixture_n be_v make_v for_o finesse_n the_o piece_n must_v concur_v in_o value_n and_o thereby_o be_v the_o special_a weight_n know_v of_o the_o piece_n whereby_o the_o monyer_n cut_v their_o piece_n shire_n the_o shire_n it_o 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follower_n and_o subject_n with_o better_a pay_n worthy_a of_o perpetual_a remembrance_n be_v that_o noble_a prince_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o seven_o notable_a example_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o in_o his_o singular_a wisdom_n and_o policy_n know_v how_o prince_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v wrong_v by_o their_o officer_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o their_o treasure_n by_o fraudulent_a and_o deceitful_a account_n which_o either_o by_o ignorance_n or_o otherwise_o by_o connivance_n do_v pass_v do_v himself_o with_o great_a facility_n take_v a_o inspection_n in_o all_o his_o exchequer_n account_n by_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o say_a account_n enter_v in_o a_o book_n by_o some_o experience_a and_o skilful_a man_n in_o account_n whereunto_o his_o highness_n do_v subscribe_v his_o royal_a signature_n before_o the_o officer_n upon_o good_a certificate_n make_v to_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n can_v have_v their_o quietus_n est_fw-la pass_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o 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he_o for_o the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o merchant_n some_o more_o and_o some_o less_o as_o they_o agree_v betweâ—ne_v they_o the_o difference_n in_o keep_v other_o man_n account_n with_o who_o they_o have_v any_o correspondence_n be_v but_o small_a for_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n or_o merchandise_n sell_v they_o will_v entitle_v the_o account_n good_n of_o the_o account_n of_o such_o a_o man_n do_v owe_v unto_o cash_n such_o a_o sum_n pay_v for_o custom_n and_o charge_n or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o good_n buy_v he_o will_v do_v the_o like_a and_o discharge_v the_o account_n by_o make_v the_o say_a merchant_n debtor_n or_o creditor_n for_o it_o be_v as_o the_o say_a account_n require_v which_o he_o do_v also_o charge_n with_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n for_o his_o sallarie_n and_o therefore_o all_o factor_n keep_v a_o particular_a account_n to_o know_v what_o they_o have_v get_v by_o factoridge_n or_o provision_n at_o the_o year_n end_n and_o then_o they_o charge_v that_o account_n with_o their_o charge_n and_o all_o such_o expense_n as_o they_o have_v be_v at_o and_o the_o remainder_n be_v post_v to_o capital_a as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o profit_n or_o loss_n whereupon_o some_o other_o do_v bring_v their_o charge_n and_o expense_n and_o so_o carry_v all_o the_o provision_n to_o capital_a or_o stock_n herein_o every_o man_n may_v use_v his_o pleasure_n for_o this_o manner_n of_o account_n afford_v many_o distinction_n all_o which_o several_a branch_n or_o member_n of_o account_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o make_v up_o the_o the_o complete_a body_n for_o by_o the_o dismember_n of_o a_o account_n account_n dismember_a of_o account_n separate_v every_o thing_n in_o his_o proper_a nature_n you_o be_v enable_v to_o find_v out_o many_o error_n and_o intricatenes_n of_o account_n by_o reduce_v the_o body_n of_o it_o to_o his_o perfection_n in_o this_o place_n may_v be_v expect_v a_o declaration_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n or_o calculation_n of_o money_n wherein_o the_o book_n of_o merchant_n account_n be_v keep_v beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o because_o the_o same_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o several_a exchange_n between_o country_n and_o country_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o refer_v the_o same_o in_o the_o proper_a place_n of_o exchange_n hereafter_o follow_v and_o to_o conclude_v this_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la with_o that_o notable_a question_n make_v by_o the_o civilians_n account_n a_o question_n make_v by_o civilians_n about_o book_n of_o account_n whether_o a_o merchant_n or_o a_o banker_n keep_v two_o book_n of_o account_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o money_n of_o his_o bank_n and_o the_o other_o touch_v trade_n of_o merchandise_n for_o ware_n shall_v be_v censure_v alike_o for_o such_o money_n as_o he_o owe_v unto_o his_o creditor_n so_o that_o the_o creditor_n after_o his_o decease_n shall_v all_o stand_v in_o equal_a degree_n to_o be_v pay_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n if_o the_o banker_n estate_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o herein_o the_o judge_n of_o merchant_n do_v make_v no_o difference_n but_o the_o civilians_n have_v make_v a_o great_a distinction_n therein_o and_o they_o say_v that_o the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v more_o to_o be_v credit_v than_o the_o other_o for_o say_v benuenuto_fw-mi straccha_n the_o book_n of_o the_o bank_n be_v keep_v public_o and_o the_o other_o as_o it_o be_v secret_a to_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o other_o as_o be_v two_o negotiation_n and_o to_o be_v deal_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o extant_a with_o such_o consideration_n as_o may_v be_v incident_a thereunto_o to_o declare_v my_o own_o opinion_n i_o say_v that_o the_o canon_n and_o civil_a law_n make_v no_o distinction_n in_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o testator_n debt_n between_o money_n owe_v for_o ware_n or_o for_o interest_n there_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v any_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o debt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o book_n of_o account_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part._n the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n have_v in_o the_o first_o and_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n entreat_v of_o the_o body_n and_o soul_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n and_o money_n let_v we_o now_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o foreign_a part_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n for_o as_o money_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o commodity_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n so_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v many_o man_n can_v well_o discern_v the_o distinction_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o sundry_a matter_n because_o man_n consist_v of_o body_n and_o soul_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o spirit_n be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n soul_n but_o if_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o understand_v the_o necessary_a distinction_n hereof_o reason_n in_o the_o theoric_n part_n will_v demonstrate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o practic_n part_n of_o this_o discourse_n of_o exchange_n saint_n paul_n in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o his_o second_o epistle_n to_o the_o thessalonian_o wish_v a_o sanctification_n to_o their_o spirit_n and_o soul_n 5.23_o 2._o thess._n 5.23_o and_o
the_o sea_n be_v adjoin_v and_o in_o propriety_n to_o be_v esteem_v according_o take_v their_o name_n of_o the_o country_n and_o kingdom_n adjacent_a or_o of_o their_o situation_n as_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la germanicum_n mare_n hibernicum_n and_o for_o situation_n mare_fw-la mediterraneum_fw-la observe_v by_o cosmographer_n historiographer_n and_o mathematician_n this_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o compass_n count_v of_o course_n sounding_n colour_n of_o the_o gravel_n or_o sand_n and_o other_o way_n to_o design_n finitum_fw-la ab_fw-la '_o infinito_o law_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o far_o as_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o certain_a reach_n and_o bound_n of_o sea_n proper_o apppertain_v to_o any_o prince_n or_o people_n wherein_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v record_v excellent_a observation_n custom_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o custom_n baldus_n say_v vidimus_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_fw-la mare_fw-la esse_fw-la regna_fw-la distincta_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la auda_fw-la iâ—sula_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la 1._o the_o ter_z divisione_n in_o §._o nullius_fw-la in_o tratt_v de_fw-fr iâ—sula_fw-la bartolas_n do_v in_o his_o opinion_n allow_v for_o prince_n and_o people_n at_o the_o seaside_n centum_fw-la mitliaria_fw-la which_o be_v one_o hundred_o league_n of_o sea_n from_o their_o coast_n if_o they_o extend_v their_o protection_n so_o far_o call_v by_o they_o districtus_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o territorium_fw-la which_o be_v most_o plain_a in_o those_o sea_n where_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n be_v so_o sensible_a and_o visible_a to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n dominion_n visible_a mark_v of_o dominion_n or_o where_o there_o be_v such_o rock_n or_o eminent_a mark_n as_o the_o washes_n at_o the_o west_n sea_n thereof_o to_o which_o purpose_n paulus_n a_o renown_a civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o needful_a for_o he_o who_o will_v possess_v himself_o of_o any_o land_n to_o go_v about_o and_o tread_v over_o the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o enter_v in_o upon_o any_o part_n thereof_o with_o a_o mind_n to_o possess_v all_o the_o rest_n thereof_o even_o to_o the_o due_a march_n to_o be_v make_v apparent_a by_o the_o instrument_n of_o geometrician_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v design_v upon_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o continual_a flow_v too_o and_o fro_o of_o the_o other_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n have_v continue_v so_o many_o hundred_o year_n need_v not_o to_o be_v corroborate_v with_o other_o proof_n and_o argument_n yet_o let_v we_o note_v obiter_fw-la that_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o distinguish_v as_o aforesaid_a admiralty_n case_n of_o civil_a law_n or_o admiralty_n one_o bear_v upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v no_o country_n or_o nation_n to_o appeal_v unto_o and_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a upon_o the_o sea_n shall_v minister_v occasion_n of_o question_n to_o know_v who_o shall_v administer_v his_o good_n and_o make_v of_o a_o will_n how_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v prove_v and_o execute_v by_o law_n without_o approbation_n of_o some_o court_n or_o jurisdiction_n whereas_o we_o find_v many_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o their_o several_a jurisdiction_n upon_o the_o sea_n as_o deputy_n to_o their_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o be_v always_o absolute_a commander_n in_o their_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o treaty_n and_o contract_n make_v between_o prince_n which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n and_o inseparable_a of_o the_o say_a prince_n right_a on_o the_o land_n concern_v the_o possession_n of_o their_o kingdom_n or_o commonweal_n as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o their_o dominion_n wherein_o discontinuance_n of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o right_n can_v be_v plead_v against_o they_o the_o king_n of_o england_n nevertheless_o have_v be_v provident_a and_o careful_a herein_o for_o historiographer_n have_v record_v that_o king_n edgar_n one_o of_o the_o saxon_a king_n long_o before_o the_o conquest_n make_v a_o survey_n yearly_a of_o the_o four_o great_a sea_n westm._n matthew_n of_o westm._n and_o style_v himself_o lord_n thereof_o even_o until_o norway_n cestriensis_fw-la ranulph_n cestriensis_fw-la and_o his_o progress_n be_v most_o towards_o the_o north._n it_o be_v also_o affirm_v 973._o anno_fw-la 973._o that_o the_o say_a king_n edgar_n cause_v a_o inscription_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o tomb_n for_o a_o monument_n call_v himself_o dominus_fw-la quatuor_fw-la marea_n and_o as_o papinian_n the_o jurisconsult_a say_v in_o finalibus_fw-la questionibus_fw-la vete_fw-la ra_fw-mi monumenta_fw-la sequenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la britannicum_fw-la mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la but_o this_o for_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n over_o their_o sea_n hibernicum_n mare_fw-la hibernicum_n be_v not_o needful_a for_o afterward_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n germanicum_n mare_fw-la germanicum_n cause_v himself_o not_o only_o to_o be_v proclaim_v king_n deucalidon_n mare_fw-la deucalidon_n but_o also_o that_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v he_o and_o so_o cause_v the_o land_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o be_v content_v to_o change_v the_o title_n of_o a_o monarchy_n by_o conquest_n into_o a_o monarchy_n royal_a and_o be_v also_o lord_n of_o the_o say_v four_o sea_n resp._n io_o bodinus_fw-la de_fw-fr resp._n by_o the_o former_a assumpsit_fw-la which_o have_v then_o continue_v 200_o year_n and_o his_o progress_n by_o sea_n be_v most_o westward_o for_o when_o prince_n or_o king_n do_v style_v themselves_o by_o proclamation_n than_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o without_o opposition_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v hold_v and_o observe_v as_o inviolable_a and_o permanent_a now_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_a william_n the_o conqueror_n chronicle_n graftons_n chronicle_n within_o one_o hundred_o year_n do_v join_v ireland_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o do_v reduce_v normandy_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n to_o the_o crown_n take_v as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a possession_n of_o the_o say_a sea_n and_o henry_n the_o first_o every_o year_n or_o within_o three_o year_n at_o the_o further_a cross_v over_o into_o normandy_n have_v take_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n prisoner_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o malmesbuâ—e_n chro._n malmesbuâ—e_n there_o be_v a_o disputation_n hold_v with_o france_n concern_v the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o britain_n in_o which_o it_o be_v prove_v to_o belong_v to_o england_n hayward_n joh._n hayward_n and_o thereupon_o france_n disclaim_v therein_o etc._n by_o ancient_a record_n and_o treaty_n etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o proclamation_n yet_o extant_a which_o argument_n and_o contract_n be_v as_o a_o law_n effectual_a and_o here_o i_o must_v remember_v the_o singular_a care_n which_o the_o right_a reverend_a father_n in_o god_n doctor_n abbot_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n canturburie_n a_o rare_a book_n remoin_v with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canturburie_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o england_n have_v have_v in_o procure_v at_o his_o great_a charge_n for_o the_o good_a of_o our_o posterity_n a_o excellent_a great_a volume_n or_o manuscript_n which_o be_v heretofore_o take_v at_o calais_n in_o france_n when_o the_o spaniard_n take_v the_o same_o anno_fw-la 1596_o and_o carry_v to_o brussels_n in_o the_o low-countries_n whereof_o i_o have_v have_v the_o perusal_n and_o make_v a_o abstract_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o viz._n the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o edward_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o john_n king_n of_o france_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o elder_a son_n namely_o edward_n the_o black_a prince_n of_o wales_n and_z charles_n duke_n of_o normandy_n regent_n the_o french_a king_n his_o father_n be_v prisoner_n to_o the_o say_a king_n edward_n which_o treaty_n be_v make_v the_o eight_o of_o may_v 1360_o in_o brittany_n near_o chartres_n and_o confirm_v at_o calais_n whereupon_o sixteen_o hostage_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o to_o pay_v three_o million_o of_o crown_n for_o his_o ransom_n of_o two_o crown_n to_o be_v reckon_v for_o a_o english_a noble_a call_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o his_o time_n angel_n noble_a be_v some_o 750000_o 〈◊〉_d sterling_a france_n the_o ransom_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n the_o ship_n whereof_o upon_o the_o one_o side_n do_v signify_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereunto_o old_a chaucer_n the_o poet_n do_v allude_v in_o henry_n the_o five_o his_o time_n this_o money_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o weet_v six_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n at_o calais_n within_o 4_o month_n after_o king_n johns_n arrival_n there_o more_fw-mi four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n within_o the_o year_n and_o so_o much_o yearly_a until_o the_o full_a payment_n make_v
all_o merchant_n factor_n and_o all_o other_o of_o what_o nation_n soever_o may_v assemble_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o twice_o every_o day_n at_o the_o hour_n accustom_v and_o in_o their_o meeting_n shall_v free_o use_v their_o traffic_n and_o pass_v their_o business_n as_o well_o by_o exchange_n as_o otherwise_o not_o only_o in_o the_o same_o place_n exchange_n licence_n to_o exchange_n but_o also_o in_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o within_o the_o liberty_n of_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n when_o and_o where_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a with_o all_o assurance_n and_o safety_n to_o their_o merchandise_n and_o withal_o those_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o merchant_n trade_v to_o our_o town_n of_o lion_n and_o thoulouze_n do_v enjoy_v and_o use_v according_a to_o the_o grant_n of_o our_o predecessor_n king_n of_o france_n and_o of_o vs._n furthermore_o we_o will_v and_o ordain_v that_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o say_a town_n of_o rouen_n frequent_v the_o same_o place_n shall_v every_o year_n cause_n a_o society_n of_o merchant_n to_o be_v in_o the_o lodge_n of_o the_o say_a bourse_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n in_o the_o say_a city_n and_o at_o such_o time_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a in_o which_o meeting_n they_o shall_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o say_a number_n three_o officer_n viz._n a_o prior_n and_o two_o consul_n to_o remain_v â—n_v their_o authority_n for_o one_o year_n and_o so_o yearly_a to_o be_v change_v and_o there_o new_a to_o be_v elect_v according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n of_o most_o voice_n election_n indifferent_a election_n not_o only_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rouen_n but_o also_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v to_o be_v present_a and_o assistant_n in_o the_o say_a election_n which_o election_n and_o nomination_n be_v full_o end_v the_o say_a prior_n aâ—d_a consul_n shall_v have_v present_a power_n in_o they_o to_o take_v knowledge_n &_o to_o give_v judgement_n between_o all_o man_n of_o what_o estate_n quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o they_o be_v of_o all_o suit_n controversy_n and_o difference_n touch_v matter_n of_o merchandise_v or_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o the_o fair_a at_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n at_o thoulouze_n do_v as_o well_o for_o obligation_n bill_n of_o debt_n receipt_n blank_n sign_v bill_n of_o exchange_n association_n general_n and_o particular_a association_n answer_v by_o surety_n association_n of_o merchant_n either_o general_a or_o particular_a assurance_n account_n transportation_n bargain_n and_o partenership_n for_o matter_n aforesaid_a or_o any_o thing_n belong_v thereunto_o with_o as_o full_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o condemnation_n of_o the_o say_a conseruator_n of_o lion_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o that_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n decree_n and_o ordinance_n commission_n and_o commandment_n of_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n of_o rouen_n by_o speech_n provision_n or_o definitives_n shall_v stand_v in_o as_o much_o force_n and_o effect_n for_o any_o matter_n judicial_o determine_v as_o those_o cause_n which_o the_o conseruator_fw-la of_o lion_n and_o prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o of_o our_o judge_n do_v decide_v and_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v execute_v by_o our_o sergeant_n and_o officer_n in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o behalf_n above_o name_v either_o by_o commit_v to_o prison_n execution_n the_o manner_n of_o execution_n or_o by_o inflict_v severe_a punishment_n if_o it_o be_v so_o decree_v and_o ordain_v and_o to_o that_o end_n shall_v our_o messenger_n and_o officer_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v the_o execution_n our_o gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o our_o prison_n shall_v likewise_o be_v bind_v to_o receive_v and_o keep_v all_o such_o prisoner_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o be_v commit_v unto_o they_o by_o our_o abovesaid_a judge_n and_o with_o the_o like_a bond_n and_o penalty_n if_o any_o escape_n happen_v as_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v the_o prisoner_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a judge_n for_o so_o we_o have_v enjoin_v and_o do_v enjoin_v our_o messenger_n and_o other_o officer_n gaoler_n and_o keeper_n of_o prison_n upon_o such_o penalty_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o according_a as_o by_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n shall_v be_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v without_o any_o default_n according_a as_o the_o offence_n commit_v shall_v require_v moreover_o we_o have_v permit_v and_o do_v permit_v our_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n to_o take_v unto_o they_o 20_o of_o the_o say_a merchant_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v reasonable_a to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o proceed_n and_o judgement_n in_o cause_n of_o merchandise_n bill_n of_o exchange_n execution_n aid_v in_o their_o execution_n assurance_n and_o difference_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o to_o cause_v to_o be_v execute_v their_o sentence_n judgement_n and_o ordinance_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n provision_n seize_v of_o good_n and_o all_o their_o other_o condemnations_n sentence_n or_o appointment_n to_o proceed_v therein_o by_o cry_n proclamation_n give_v notice_n to_o themselves_o or_o leave_v notice_n at_o their_o house_n by_o proof_n sale_n dipositing_n delivery_n and_o execution_n definitive_a as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v likewise_o we_o give_v they_o power_n to_o direct_v the_o same_o process_n proceed_n summarie_n proceed_n and_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o ordinance_n as_o well_o in_o matter_n summary_o as_o by_o provision_n as_o acknowledgement_n of_o bill_n subscription_n and_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o like_a in_o act_n of_o pawn_n and_o consignement_n by_o one_o only_a fault_n due_o prove_v by_o summon_v the_o person_n at_o his_o house_n or_o fix_v there_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o commission_n or_o process_n in_o all_o place_n where_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v and_o touch_v other_o matter_n where_o two_o default_n shall_v be_v make_v or_o summon_v in_o person_n they_o shall_v proceed_v observe_v and_o keep_v the_o course_n according_a to_o the_o king_n ordinance_n and_o for_o all_o matter_n wherein_o they_o shall_v give_v sentence_n of_o execution_n according_a to_o their_o knowledge_n we_o will_v and_o do_v permit_v they_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o cause_v the_o execution_n to_o pass_v in_o all_o place_n of_o our_o court_n of_o parliament_n at_o rouen_n and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n of_o our_o kingdom_n where_o need_n shall_v require_v without_o any_o disturbance_n or_o let_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o our_o judge_n justice_n or_o officer_n either_o against_o they_o or_o their_o deputy_n neither_o shall_v they_o let_v or_o hinder_v any_o summons_n or_o arrest_v exploit_n or_o assignment_n to_o be_v do_v before_o they_o and_o to_o give_v their_o assistance_n in_o all_o cause_n appertain_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v matter_n of_o traffic_n and_o all_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v against_o all_o merchant_n trade_v in_o our_o say_a city_n of_o rouen_n and_o as_o touch_v their_o factor_n dealer_n and_o intermedler_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o they_o be_v send_v by_o they_o into_o diverse_a country_n region_n and_o province_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o our_o kingdom_n country_n and_o dominion_n under_o our_o obeisance_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o traffic_n merchandise_v and_o do_v of_o business_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v we_o will_v and_o ordain_v etc._n constraint_n to_o bring_v their_o caâ—â—_n les_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o they_o may_v be_v constrain_v to_o bring_v their_o cause_n and_o proof_n for_o all_o matter_n aforesaid_a before_o the_o say_a prior_n and_o consul_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o that_o shall_v hereafter_o execute_v these_o office_n be_v it_o either_o for_o the_o render_n of_o account_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o part_n or_o of_o whole_a or_o condemnation_n in_o penalty_n or_o other_o condemnation_n for_o amends_n for_o trespass_n and_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o shall_v be_v requisite_a concern_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n according_a as_o they_o shall_v deserve_v whereof_o we_o have_v permit_v they_o and_o do_v give_v they_o power_n to_o use_v the_o form_n even_o as_o the_o say_v conseruator_fw-la at_o lion_n prior_n and_o consul_n of_o thoulouze_n and_o other_o our_o judge_n do_v and_o to_o cause_v execution_n to_o be_v serve_v on_o the_o offender_n either_o by_o arrest_n attachment_n of_o good_n and_o sale_n thereof_o or_o by_o imprisonment_n of_o the_o party_n condemn_v judge_n prohibition_n to_o other_o judge_n even_o as_o they_o shall_v think_v good_a inhibit_v all_o our_o judge_n to_o presume_v to_o take_v knowledge_n of_o any_o matter_n or_o plea_n thereunto_o belong_v which_o our_o command_n we_o will_v be_v notify_v unto_o they_o and_o unto_o who_o it_o shall_v
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by_o the_o say_a court_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n merchant_n affair_n in_o controversy_n ought_v with_o all_o brevity_n to_o be_v determine_v to_o avoid_v interruption_n of_o traffic_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n 3._o staple_n law_n 27._o e._n 3._o that_o the_o mayor_n of_o the_o staple_n be_v authorise_v by_o several_a act_n of_o parleament_n to_o end_v the_o same_o and_o detain_v the_o same_o before_o he_o without_o any_o dismission_n at_o the_o common-law_n which_o show_v the_o necessarinesse_n of_o the_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n before_o mention_v the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n at_o the_o common-law_n be_v tedious_a there_o be_v five_o manner_n of_o person_n accountable_a by_o the_o law_n namely_o a_o steward_n or_o bailife_n a_o factor_n or_o servant_n or_o a_o receiver_n upon_o a_o action_n of_o account_n the_o general_a issue_n to_o be_v plead_v thereunto_o be_v ne_o uncque_n receiver_n pour_v account_n rendre_fw-fr law_n the_o trial_n of_o a_o action_n of_o account_n by_o law_n this_o be_v first_o try_v by_o a_o jury_n and_o if_o the_o party_n be_v convict_v and_o find_v accountable_a than_o the_o law_n do_v appoint_v auditor_n to_o take_v the_o account_n by_o a_o commission_n direct_v out_o of_o the_o court_n to_o merchant_n and_o other_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o cause_n whereunto_o two_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n be_v join_v and_o when_o they_o have_v take_v the_o account_n and_o find_v wherein_o the_o difference_n do_v consist_v than_o they_o be_v to_o certify_v all_o their_o proceed_n into_o the_o court_n and_o the_o accountant_n must_v make_v issuable_a answer_n to_o be_v plead_v whereupon_o eight_o ten_o twelve_o or_o more_o issue_n shall_v be_v make_v and_o then_o a_o second_o jury_n be_v call_v to_o try_v all_o these_o several_a issue_n upon_o peremptory_a point_n and_o so_o upon_o every_o issue_n there_o be_v give_v a_o particular_a verdict_n and_o sometime_o a_o especial_a verdict_n which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o court_n again_o all_o these_o long_a proceed_n make_v long_a record_n subject_a to_o many_o error_n and_o because_o all_o these_o several_a issue_n be_v try_v by_o one_o jury_n and_o upon_o one_o record_n together_o with_o the_o former_a proceed_n whereby_o the_o other_o jury_n find_v the_o party_n accountable_a if_o in_o any_o or_o in_o the_o whole_a material_a error_n be_v find_v than_o all_o be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o party_n be_v to_o begin_v again_o the_o novo_fw-la and_o it_o may_v fall_v out_o that_o then_o they_o will_v join_v other_o issue_n and_o so_o run_v into_o a_o labyrinth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o account_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v determine_v of_o the_o chancery_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o therein_o more_o expedition_n be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arragon_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o say_a court_n as_o we_o be_v now_o to_o declare_v leave_v all_o 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suit_n against_o the_o father_n or_o the_o servant_n against_o his_o master_n wherein_o upon_o good_a consideration_n licence_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o judge_n 2_o the_o second_o that_o they_o must_v appear_v before_o the_o judge_n at_o three_o several_a time_n of_o ten_o day_n or_o thirty_o day_n at_o any_o one_o time_n which_o be_v peremptory_a after_o which_o there_o lie_v a_o contempt_n against_o the_o party_n not_o appear_v during_o which_o time_n the_o judge_n do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v compile_v together_o to_o judge_v by_o and_o serve_v he_o for_o his_o direction_n but_o in_o extraordinary_a cause_n his_o conscience_n lead_v he_o 3_o the_o three_o time_n touch_v exception_n be_v not_o only_o between_o party_n and_o party_n but_o also_o against_o the_o judge_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o authority_n give_v he_o if_o the_o cause_n so_o require_v 4_o the_o four_o time_n three_o thing_n 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dignity_n and_o to_o be_v cherish_v for_o by_o they_o country_n be_v discover_v familiarity_n between_o nation_n be_v procure_v and_o politic_a experience_n be_v attain_v whereupon_o i_o have_v be_v move_v by_o long_a observation_n to_o put_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n in_o plain_a and_o compendious_a writing_n by_o undoubted_a principle_n familiar_a example_n and_o demonstrative_a reason_n without_o affectation_n of_o curious_a word_n more_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o theme_n in_o some_o place_n do_v require_v i_o have_v entitle_v the_o book_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o not_o ius_n mercatorum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o customary_a law_n approve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o a_o law_n establish_v by_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o any_o prince_n either_o in_o the_o first_o foundation_n or_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o beginning_n with_o time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n i_o do_v descend_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_o by_o compare_v they_o to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o even_o as_o merchant_n be_v the_o instrumental_a cause_n of_o trade_n even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o efficient_a cause_n with_o we_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o become_v predominant_a or_o overrule_a the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a this_o be_v manifest_v by_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o commerce_n which_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n i_o have_v add_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o book_n with_o such_o other_o worthy_a observation_n as_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n be_v declare_v and_o even_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n so_o be_v the_o body_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v and_o frame_v of_o the_o merchant_n custom_n and_o the_o sea-lawe_n which_o be_v involue_v together_o as_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o description_n whereof_o i_o have_v use_v to_o make_v repetition_n of_o the_o material_a point_n according_a as_o occasion_n do_v minister_v unto_o i_o for_o to_o make_v application_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o judicious_a reader_n which_o be_v the_o main_a scope_n that_o all_o writer_n be_v to_o regard_n and_o care_n for_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v end_v be_v also_o declare_v which_o most_o of_o all_o require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n and_o have_v need_n of_o a_o peremptory_a proceed_n as_o be_v invent_v for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o due_a commendation_n whereof_o be_v add_v hereunto_o show_v also_o how_o of_o the_o same_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n and_o what_o observation_n of_o other_o law_n be_v concur_v with_o we_o both_o in_o the_o strictness_n of_o law_n and_o the_o lenity_n of_o equity_n most_o consonant_a with_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o so_o great_a consequence_n that_o without_o it_o all_o temporal_a law_n be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a the_o scope_n of_o all_o therefore_o be_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n may_v take_v place_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o velut_fw-la ariadnae_n caecaregens_fw-la filo_fw-la vestigia_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la nos_fw-la errare_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la feed_v etiam_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la aberrantes_fw-la in_o rectam_fw-la viam_fw-la deducamur_fw-la as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o our_o last_o treatise_n of_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n late_o publish_v conclude_v gentle_a reader_n upon_o all_o the_o premise_n handle_v as_o i_o hope_v substantial_o i_o commend_v and_o submit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o love_a entertainment_n of_o the_o profound_a and_o discern_a judgement_n of_o the_o discreet_a wise_a and_o experience_v wish_v that_o like_a matter_n set_v down_o by_o the_o pen_n of_o apollo_n they_o may_v sound_v sweet_o in_o your_o apprehension_n and_o give_v to_o your_o conceit_n most_o harmonious_a music_n pleasure_n and_o delight_n london_n the_o 25_o of_o november_n 1622._o thou_o to_o use_v always_o ready_a gerard_n malynes_n a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v commodity_n compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n chapter_n pag._n 1_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o 1_o 2_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n 8_o 3_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o 17_o 4_o of_o weight_n and_o measure_n use_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n with_o other_o observation_n 19_o 5_o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 58_o 6_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n 66_o 7_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v 70_o 8_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n 83_o 9_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n 91_o 10_o of_o suretyship_n and_o merchant_n promise_n 93_o 11_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n 95_o 12_o of_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o 98_o 13_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n 101_o 14_o of_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o blank_n sign_v 104_o 15_o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v and_o conveyance_n 106_o 16_o of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o 111_o 17_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n 119_o 18_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n 121_o 19_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n 122_o 20_o of_o bank_n and_o banker_n 131_o 21_o of_o the_o freight_a of_o ship_n charterparty_n and_o bill_n of_o lade_n 134_o 22_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n his_o power_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n to_o the_o merchant_n 142_o 23_o of_o the_o duty_n and_o privilege_n of_o marinors_n 144_o 24_o of_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o same_o 146_o 25_o of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o they_o and_o of_o contribution_n 150_o 26_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o contribution_n or_o aueridge_n 157_o 27_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n 159_o 28_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n 161_o 29_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n 167_o 30_o of_o partner_n and_o ship_n voyage_n 169_o 31_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottomarie_a by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la 171_o 32_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n 173_o 33_o a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o imperial_a sea_n law_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 175_o 34_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n 182_o 35_o of_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n 185_o 36_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n 193_o 37_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n 197_o 38_o of_o merchant_n mark_n set_v upon_o commodity_n 199_o 39_o of_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o broker_n and_o by_o the_o candle_n 201_o 40_o of_o buy_v of_o commodity_n by_o condition_n term_v capiticus_n and_o sell_v thing_n upon_o casualty_n 203_o 41_o of_o divide_v of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n 205_o 42_o of_o assotiation_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n 210_o 43_o of_o merchant_n oppignoration_n 218_o 44_o of_o the_o proceed_n use_v against_o bankrupt_n 221_o 45_o of_o manufacture_n 229_o 46_o of_o
plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n 234_o 47_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n 241_o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n 255_o 2_o of_o mine_n royal_a 259_o 3_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n 268_o 4_o of_o the_o profitable_a work_n of_o mine_n 272_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n and_o of_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o 274_o 6_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o mint_n 279_o 7_o of_o the_o assay_n of_o bâ—llion_n and_o money_n 284_o 8_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o money_n and_o their_o several_a standard_n 291_o 9_o of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o â—iluer_n 307_o 10_o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n 235_o 11_o of_o usury_n politic_a and_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n 329_o 12_o of_o intolerable_a usury_n and_o lombard_n 337_o 13_o of_o mons_fw-la pietatis_fw-la or_o bank_n of_o charity_n 341_o 14_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n at_o interest_n 345_o 15_o of_o usurious_a contract_n 349_o 16_o of_o lawful_a bargain_n and_o contract_n 352_o 17_o of_o the_o universal_a and_o perpetual_a princely_a contract_n of_o commerce_n 354_o 18_o of_o money_n deliver_v upon_o life_n annuity_n and_o pension_n 358_o 19_o of_o the_o denomination_n and_o division_n of_o money_n of_o diverse_a country_n 360_o 20_o of_o merchant_n account_v keep_v by_o debtor_n and_o creditor_n 362_o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n compare_v to_o the_o spirit_n or_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n 1_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 378_o 2_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n in_o exchange_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 382_o 3_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 386_o 4_o of_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o the_o term_n of_o art_n use_v therein_o 391_o 5_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 393_o 6_o of_o the_o non-acceptation_n of_o bill_n of_o exchange_n and_o the_o custom_n observe_v concern_v the_o same_o 398_o 7_o of_o notary_n intimation_n and_o protest_v 401_o 8_o of_o reciprocal_a or_o double_a exchange_n 404_o 9_o of_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n perform_v by_o exchange_n 408_o 10_o of_o the_o true_a reformation_n of_o exchange_n 413_o 11_o of_o attachment_n and_o arrest_n 424_o 12_o of_o sequestration_n and_o execution_n 428_o 13_o of_o denization_n and_o naturalisation_n of_o merchant_n 439_o 14_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n 443_o 15_o of_o arbitrator_n and_o their_o award_v 447_o 16_o of_o the_o merchant_n court_n or_o office_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n 451_o 17_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v 460_o 18_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n 477_o 19_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n 491_o 20_o of_o the_o ancient_a government_n of_o the_o staple_n 495_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n 499_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law_n merchant_z and_o the_o antiqvitie_n thereof_o chap._n i._n when_o almighty_a god_n have_v create_v man_n good_a and_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o can_v not_o so_o well_o live_v alone_o as_o other_o creature_n sufficient_o provide_v by_o nature_n for_o their_o sustenance_n and_o have_v reason_n assign_v and_o give_v unto_o he_o above_o all_o the_o say_a creature_n yet_o all_o the_o mean_n and_o faculty_n of_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o happy_a while_o he_o be_v alone_o but_o necessity_n do_v require_v a_o concourse_n of_o man_n help_v one_o another_o to_o supply_v with_o a_o common_a strength_n the_o say_a weakness_n for_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o say_a necessity_n be_v so_o weighty_a and_o great_a that_o one_o man_n alone_o be_v not_o able_a to_o manage_v the_o same_o then_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o by_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n every_o man_n do_v afford_v mean_n according_a to_o his_o ability_n for_o the_o common_a good_a so_o that_o those_o which_o be_v of_o a_o strong_a body_n do_v employ_v their_o labour_n to_o get_v live_v and_o maintenance_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o and_o those_o which_o be_v endue_v with_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o understanding_n and_o reason_n do_v undertake_v the_o most_o important_a matter_n teach_v man_n how_o to_o live_v well_o and_o inform_v they_o of_o their_o felicity_n which_o they_o judge_v chief_o to_o consist_v in_o virtuous_a action_n endeavour_v to_o make_v impression_n in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n of_o certain_a good_a law_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o with_o a_o reference_n of_o they_o to_o the_o first_o law_n engraft_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n as_o a_o part_n of_o that_o divine_a light_n which_o be_v infuse_v in_o he_o to_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n the_o good_a and_o evil_a synderisis_z call_v by_o the_o grecian_n synderisis_z and_o according_o to_o receive_v reward_n or_o punishment_n as_o for_o the_o other_o and_o better_a part_n of_o inform_v and_o guide_v the_o thought_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n to_o a_o supernatural_a end_n that_o as_o surpass_v the_o compass_n of_o that_o low_a sphere_n wherein_o i_o now_o move_v must_v be_v leave_v untouched_a by_o i_o who_o here_o take_v for_o my_o object_n not_o the_o spiritual_a but_o the_o civil_a life_n of_o man_n and_o the_o mean_n thereto_o conduce_v touch_v therefore_o the_o external_a part_n the_o mutual_a contribution_n of_o office_n among_o man_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n continue_v both_o in_o labour_v and_o manure_v the_o natural_a riches_n of_o the_o land_n in_o corn_n and_o pasturage_n as_o in_o the_o immediate_a child_n of_o our_o first_o father_n adam_n and_o in_o plant_v vine_n and_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o the_o ivyce_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o as_o noah_n which_o riches_n in_o matter_n and_o foundation_n natural_a and_o partly_o also_o in_o alteration_n and_o manage_v artificial_o every_o possessor_n not_o long_o after_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n several_o enjoy_v in_o property_n and_o hence_o do_v proceed_v a_o commerce_n first_o in_o real_a interchange_n and_o communication_n of_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o or_o other_o kind_n but_o all_o natural_a commodity_n as_o sheep_n for_o sheep_n sheep_n for_o corn_n wine_n for_o oil_n etc._n etc._n between_o man_n and_o man_n or_o nation_n and_o nation_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n and_o after_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n by_o a_o common_a pignus_fw-la currant_n mutual_a which_o we_o call_v money_n both_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v gen._n gen._n the_o most_o ancient_a evidence_n hereof_o be_v abraham_n purchase_v for_o money_n a_o field_n for_o burial_n the_o observation_n and_o custom_n whereof_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o that_o especial_o when_o mankind_n be_v propagate_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n and_o the_o domestic_n or_o near_a hand_n commodity_n be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o their_o sustenance_n in_o some_o country_n and_o in_o other_o country_n be_v over_o abundant_a then_o of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o use_n of_o trust_v exchange_v and_o trade_v first_o on_o the_o land_n in_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o then_o extensive_o upon_o the_o sea_n both_o for_o fish_v and_o negotiation_n then_o do_v merchant_n travel_v from_o country_n to_o country_n so_o in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n 37.27_o gen_n 37.27_o do_v the_o merchant_n madianit_n in_o their_o journey_n meet_v with_o the_o child_n of_o jacob_n and_o then_o joseph_n be_v carry_v by_o their_o mean_n into_o egypt_n and_o sell_v to_o potipher_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o father_n and_o all_o his_o family_n and_o then_o it_o be_v and_o prove_v to_o be_v true_a which_o experience_n have_v confirm_v that_o vita_fw-la ciculis_fw-la in_o societate_fw-la posita_fw-la est_fw-la law_n the_o law-merchant_n a_o most_o ancient_a law_n societas_fw-la autem_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la &_o commercio_fw-la so_o that_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n merchant_n may_v well_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o any_o humane_a law_n and_o more_o ancient_a than_o any_o write_a law_n the_o very_a moral_a law_n itself_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n be_v long_o after_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o be_v daily_o augment_v successive_o upon_o new_a
endeavour_v still_o to_o sell_v good_a cheap_a who_o see_v not_o that_o this_o bring_v a_o evident_a over_o ballence_v of_o commodity_n in_o price_n which_o be_v to_o be_v balance_v by_o the_o treasure_n and_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n again_o if_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v sell_v too_o good_a cheap_a other_o nation_n can_v make_v a_o trade_n thereby_o for_o other_o country_n and_o overthrow_v the_o trade_n of_o several_a society_n of_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v see_v in_o time_n past_a that_o the_o western_a colour_n carseye_n be_v sell_v at_o norenborough_n in_o germany_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o the_o than_o turkey_n trade_n and_o at_o this_o present_a our_o suffolk_n clothes_n be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n that_o they_o have_v make_v a_o large_a trade_n for_o russia_n and_o east-land_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o thereby_o overthrow_v our_o trade_n by_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n and_o engross_a the_o commodity_n of_o those_o country_n aforehand_o from_o zealand_n there_o be_v a_o trade_n establish_v for_o barbary_n with_o the_o say_a clothes_n sell_v unto_o they_o thereby_o prevent_v the_o trade_n of_o english_a merchant_n which_o yield_v they_o but_o little_a profit_n and_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o bring_v in_o return_n as_o hide_n almond_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v better_o vent_v beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v force_v to_o transport_v they_o and_o the_o gold_n which_o they_o bring_v afford_v but_o little_a profit_n variable_a the_o time_n and_o season_n of_o trade_n be_v variable_a so_o that_o to_o make_v commerce_n to_o be_v a_o pastime_n be_v neither_o beneficial_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n noâ—_n to_o particular_a person_n the_o time_n or_o season_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v mutable_a and_o subject_a to_o accident_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o at_o some_o one_o time_n commodity_n be_v well_o vent_v and_o at_o another_o time_n not_o the_o rash_a sale_n be_v not_o the_o profitable_a have_v not_o we_o find_v of_o late_a year_n that_o cloth_n be_v sell_v in_o great_a quantity_n and_o at_o great_a price_n when_o the_o todd_n of_o wool_n be_v sell_v at_o 32_o and_o 33_o shilling_n and_o clothes_n according_o than_o now_o when_o wool_n be_v sell_v for_o 18_o and_o 20_o shilling_n the_o revolution_n of_o thing_n may_v alter_v again_o and_o revive_v trade_n if_o not_o procure_v you_o to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n better_o cheap_a whereof_o you_o have_v not_o so_o much_o need_v as_o they_o have_v of_o we_o strive_v not_o to_o undersell_v other_o to_o the_o hurt_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n under_o colour_n to_o increase_v trade_n commeâ—ce_n cause_n increase_v trade_n and_o commeâ—ce_n for_o trade_n do_v not_o increase_v when_o commodity_n be_v good_a cheap_a because_o the_o cheapenesse_n proceed_v of_o the_o small_a request_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n cheap_a so_o that_o the_o contrary_n augment_v trade_n when_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n become_v dear_a be_v in_o request_n concern_v the_o particular_a barter_n or_o truck_v with_o merchant_n every_o man_n do_v know_v who_o deal_v therein_o barter_n particular_a barter_n that_o this_o be_v do_v with_o such_o dexterity_n to_o take_v advantage_n in_o the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n one_o against_o the_o other_o that_o common_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o find_v himself_o aggrieve_v for_o the_o overreach_n therein_o be_v account_v a_o usual_a and_o ordinary_a practice_n and_o the_o commodity_n thus_o barter_v be_v plentiful_a and_o not_o in_o request_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o to_o have_v good_a commodity_n which_o be_v vendible_a at_o all_o time_n there_o be_v part_v give_v in_o ready_a money_n or_o in_o bill_n payable_a at_o short_a day_n of_o payment_n whereby_o many_o merchant_n be_v overreach_v and_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n by_o law_n nor_o equity_n hence_o the_o proverb_n be_v derive_v caveat_n emptor_n for_o it_o be_v a_o buy_v and_o sell_v imply_v a_o advantage_n intend_v by_o both_o party_n how_o soever_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o colour_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o the_o proverb_n be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v upon_o all_o bargain_n of_o commodity_n whereby_o a_o man_n become_v a_o loser_n and_o he_o that_o deal_v in_o barter_n must_v be_v very_o circumspect_a and_o the_o money_n give_v in_o barter_n can_v be_v overset_v whereupon_o a_o principal_a merchant_n of_o london_n make_v once_o a_o barter_n in_o hope_n to_o overreach_v another_o merchant_n and_o they_o both_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v their_o best_a endeavour_n therein_o agree_v to_o esteem_n and_o value_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n commutation_n a_o cunning_a commutation_n but_o withal_o the_o great_a merchant_n will_v have_v the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o some_o they_o shall_v barter_n for_o in_o ready_a money_n and_o so_o the_o more_o he_o do_v overualue_n his_o commodity_n which_o be_v cloth_n the_o more_o money_n be_v the_o other_o to_o lay_v out_o the_o bargain_n come_v to_o one_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n whereupon_o the_o party_n pay_v five_o hundred_o pound_n in_o ready_a money_n instant_o for_o all_o be_v do_v in_o two_o hour_n and_o deliver_v he_o also_o forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n at_o a_o certain_a price_n the_o first_o piece_n and_o in_o every_o two_o or_o three_o piece_n raise_v the_o price_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v in_o that_o kind_n of_o commodity_n the_o great_a merchant_n have_v overset_v his_o commodity_n or_o clothes_n fifty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o the_o other_o merchant_n that_o can_v not_o overset_v his_o money_n have_v value_v his_o lawn_n at_o a_o very_a high_a rate_n of_o three_o for_o one_o at_o the_o least_o for_o all_o the_o say_v forty_o half_a piece_n of_o lawn_n be_v sell_v for_o 120_o will_v payable_a at_o two_o year_n day_n of_o payment_n and_o by_o the_o cloth_n there_o be_v not_o lose_v above_o one_o hundred_o pound_n hereupon_o long_o after_o the_o say_a party_n fall_v at_o variance_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o they_o compromit_v unto_o very_o sufficient_a arbitrator_n merchant_n and_o they_o do_v approve_v and_o confirm_v the_o say_a commutation_n and_o barter_n to_o be_v good_a for_o that_o the_o commodity_n be_v merchantable_a and_o they_o have_v endeavour_v to_o try_v their_o wit_n to_o overreach_v each_o other_o and_o moreover_o they_o award_v the_o great_a merchant_n to_o pay_v charge_n and_o will_v he_o to_o remember_v the_o old_a proverb_n he_o that_o buy_v lawn_n before_o he_o can_v fold_v it_o will_v repent_v before_o he_o have_v sell_v it_o but_o these_o particular_a commutation_n between_o man_n and_o man_n be_v not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n unless_o they_o be_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a nation_n in_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o thing_n commute_v between_o we_o and_o they_o commutation_n a_o rule_n for_o commutation_n to_o prescribe_v therefore_o some_o kind_n of_o rule_n in_o permutation_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v in_o effect_n three_o kind_n of_o they_o and_o may_v be_v distinguish_v and_o say_v to_o be_v discreet_a temperate_a and_o desperate_a commutation_n discreet_a commutation_n the_o discreet_a be_v where_o without_o any_o compulsion_n or_o of_o course_n one_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o money_n barter_v or_o deliver_v for_o another_o commodity_n of_o another_o kingdom_n as_o the_o bargain_n be_v to_o deliver_v sea-coal_n of_o newcastle_n into_o france_n for_o salt_n pay_v the_o freight_n on_o either_o side_n equal_o between_o they_o commutation_n temperate_a commutation_n the_o temperate_a commutation_n be_v where_o a_o merchant_n do_v expect_v a_o convenient_a time_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o accident_n and_o occasion_n offer_v and_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o that_o have_v the_o like_a commodity_n to_o sell_v by_o his_o rash_a sale_n commutation_n desperate_a commutation_n the_o desperate_a commutation_n be_v mere_a opposite_a unto_o it_o where_o a_o man_n either_o for_o want_v of_o discretion_n or_o upon_o urgent_a necessity_n to_o supply_v his_o credit_n and_o occasion_n sell_v or_o barter_v away_o his_o commodity_n for_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o return_v homeward_o in_o all_o which_o great_a discretion_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o principal_a study_n for_o society_n and_o company_n to_o look_v unto_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v not_o of_o such_o importance_n as_o the_o buy_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n at_o dear_a rate_n when_o merchant_n strive_v to_o engross_v they_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o ship_n as_o for_o corrint_n have_v happen_v at_o zante_n and_o venice_n chap._n ix_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n every_o
or_o amount_v unto_o albeit_o that_o in_o this_o as_o i_o have_v touch_v before_o custom_n be_v prefer_v above_o law_n particular_a custom_n to_o be_v above_o law_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o there_o be_v many_o assuror_n in_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o make_v all_o the_o assuror_n liable_a pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o they_o have_v assure_v according_a to_o the_o say_a part_n of_o good_n lade_v if_o a_o loss_n do_v happen_v or_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n to_o restore_v the_o premio_fw-la or_o sallarie_n of_o assurance_n in_o part_n but_o the_o custom_n of_o assurance_n do_v impose_v the_o loss_n upon_o those_o assuror_n which_o do_v first_o underwrite_v and_o the_o late_a underwriter_n of_o the_o assuror_n do_v not_o bear_v any_o part_n of_o the_o loss_n but_o must_v make_v restitution_n of_o the_o premio_fw-la and_o reserve_v only_o one_o half_a upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n or_o 10_o ss_z for_o their_o underwriting_n in_o the_o policy_n of_o assurance_n as_o be_v observe_v the_o civillians_n therefore_o have_v note_v that_o in_o assurance_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o sea-lawe_n and_o use_v among_o merchant_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o observe_v in_o like_a manner_n if_o a_o ship_n bind_v for_o a_o certain_a port_n be_v at_o sea_n be_v drive_v back_o to_o the_o same_o from_o whence_o it_o depart_v and_o by_o tempest_n be_v cast_v away_o the_o assuror_n be_v to_o answer_v the_o damage_n of_o the_o good_n lade_v therein_o for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o do_v assure_v as_o they_o do_v in_o other_o casualty_n assuror_n therefore_o be_v right_o exempt_v by_o the_o divine_n and_o canonist_n to_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o way_n usuror_n take_v a_o benefit_n by_o contract_n etc._n etc._n the_o matter_n of_o loss_n be_v well_o examine_v and_o make_v plain_a the_o commissioner_n then_o with_o a_o mature_a deliberation_n do_v set_v down_o their_o determination_n and_o sentence_n that_o the_o assuror_n shall_v pay_v every_o one_o the_o money_n by_o he_o assure_v and_o if_o thereupon_o any_o one_o do_v deny_v to_o make_v payment_n according_o than_o upon_o certificate_n to_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n and_o some_o of_o the_o say_a commissioner_n make_v of_o his_o refusal_n they_o have_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o aforesaid_a authority_n to_o commit_v the_o say_a assuror_n to_o prison_n there_o to_o remain_v until_o he_o do_v pay_v or_o satisfy_v the_o say_a sentence_n or_o final_a decree_n which_o no_o man_n of_o any_o credit_n will_v incur_v and_o thus_o be_v this_o laudable_a custom_n establish_v in_o england_n and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o perform_v the_o like_a ordinance_n or_o sentence_n pronounce_v in_o the_o like_a case_n of_o assurance_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxix_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o merchant_n or_o the_o assure_a together_o with_o the_o assuror_n have_v great_a cause_n of_o encouragement_n to_o look_v after_o the_o good_n of_o a_o shipwreck_n for_o there_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o say_a good_n but_o with_o all_o humanity_n every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o aid_v they_o thereunto_o and_o whosoever_o steal_v any_o such_o good_n he_o shall_v pay_v fourfold_a to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o if_o he_o be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o as_o much_o to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n wherein_o the_o sea-law_n be_v so_o strict_a that_o the_o steal_n of_o a_o nail_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o make_v the_o party_n guilty_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o good_n so_o that_o by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o emperor_n antonius_n the_o thief_n or_o robber_n of_o such_o good_n shall_v be_v beat_v and_o banish_v for_o three_o year_n or_o if_o he_o be_v of_o base_a condition_n scourge_v to_o the_o galley_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o help_v such_o distress_a man_n shall_v be_v count_v as_o a_o murderer_n and_o therefore_o may_v no_o man_n hinder_v ship_n to_o tie_v their_o rope_n or_o lay_v their_o anchor_n on_o land_n and_o therefore_o do_v hadrian_n the_o emperor_n ordain_v that_o all_o man_n have_v possession_n on_o the_o coast_n shall_v attend_v careful_o upon_o such_o chance_n otherwise_o they_o to_o be_v answerable_a for_o all_o thing_n miss_v by_o stealth_n or_o robbery_n if_o no_o man_n in_o due_a time_n claim_v such_o a_o wreck_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n or_o admiral_n and_o any_o action_n for_o shipwreck_n must_v therefore_o be_v commence_v within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n wherein_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n only_o perish_v and_o the_o good_n be_v save_v than_o the_o good_n shall_v pay_v the_o ten_o or_o the_o five_o as_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o save_v thereof_o shall_v require_v for_o gold_n silver_n silk_n and_o the_o like_a thing_n of_o easy_a transportation_n shall_v pay_v less_o than_o good_n of_o great_a weight_n and_o burdensome_a for_o carriage_n as_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n except_o the_o master_n carry_v in_o his_o ship_n to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o shall_v not_o and_o then_o be_v the_o merchant_n free_a of_o the_o master_n loss_n now_o of_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n or_o within_o the_o flood-mark_a these_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n either_o find_v on_o the_o stream_n float_v and_o then_o be_v call_v floatson_n or_o find_v on_o the_o sea_n bottom_n lagon_n floatson_n lagon_n and_o draw_v up_o from_o it_o and_o then_o call_v lagon_n or_o find_v on_o land_n but_o within_o the_o sea-flood_n or_o cast_v forth_o there_o by_o storm_n and_o the_o water_n and_o then_o be_v call_v jetson_n jetson_n jetson_n concern_v floatson_n and_o jetson_n whether_o thing_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o shipwreck_n or_o else_o leave_v or_o lose_v through_o cast_v in_o storm_n the_o finder_n thereof_o as_o some_o lawyer_n be_v of_o opinion_n shall_v do_v therewith_o as_o with_o other_o good_n find_v upon_o land_n that_o be_v to_o proclaim_v the_o same_o to_o be_v forthcoming_a to_o the_o true_a owner_n because_o the_o loser_n remain_v still_o proprietary_n of_o they_o and_o if_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o the_o finder_n to_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o by_o the_o rhodian_a law_n the_o finder_n have_v one_o five_o part_n for_o the_o save_n and_o in_o france_n by_o the_o admiralty_n of_o rochel_n they_o allow_v pour_v le_fw-fr droict_n de_fw-fr sawage_n one_o three_o part_n which_o myself_o have_v allow_v of_o eighty_o pipe_n of_o oil_n and_o twenty_o two_o butt_n of_o sack_n which_o become_v floatson_n out_o of_o a_o ship_n of_o diepe_a call_v the_o desire_n which_o do_v perish_v near_o the_o island_n of_o saint_n martin_n de_fw-fr rea_n not_o far_o from_o oleron_n in_o the_o year_n 1589_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o late_o decease_v be_v then_o but_o king_n of_o navarre_n so_o have_v a_o diver_n for_o drown_a good_n sea_n allowâ—ee_o to_o diverse_a in_o the_o sea_n one_o three_o part_n upon_o eight_o cubit_n deep_a and_o upon_o fifteen_o cubit_n he_o have_v half_a and_o upon_o one_o cubit_n but_o a_o ten_o which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v according_o allow_v in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n for_o draw_v up_o some_o ordnance_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o of_o the_o spanish_a armada_n do_v perish_v upon_o the_o coast_n anno_fw-la 1588._o but_o by_o the_o custom_n now_o use_v every_o man_n of_o some_o quality_n will_v claim_v all_o as_o his_o own_o if_o it_o come_v upon_o his_o land_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n which_o give_v it_o to_o the_o finder_n if_o ship_n or_o boat_n be_v find_v on_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o coast_n without_o any_o live_a creature_n therein_o and_o no_o man_n claim_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n then_o the_o half_a be_v allow_v to_o the_o finder_n and_o the_o other_o half_n to_o the_o prince_n but_o of_o late_a year_n all_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o consider_v the_o finder_n or_o taker_n with_o some_o portion_n for_o his_o travel_n charge_n and_o danger_n and_o if_o the_o finder_n conceal_v such_o good_n whether_o anchor_n timber_n jewel_n dead_a man_n with_o money_n or_o jewel_n about_o they_o he_o not_o only_o lose_v his_o part_n but_o also_o shall_v be_v fine_v at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n if_o whale_n or_o regal_a fish_n ship_n or_o boat_n without_o live_a thing_n in_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o wind_n and_o wave_n only_o to_o any_o coast_n or_o land_n than_o all_o and_o whole_o do_v appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o a_o great_a whale_n be_v find_v on_o the_o coast_n in_o suffolk_n where_o sir_n robert_n lloyd_n knight_n be_v admiral_n for_o the_o late_a queen_n
thereof_o and_o not_o to_o the_o lender_n i_o mean_v of_o peril_n proceed_v by_o storm_n violence_n spoil_n or_o such_o like_a occasion_n which_o can_v be_v eschew_v by_o any_o diligence_n of_o the_o borrower_n therefore_o if_o the_o borrower_n employ_v that_o money_n upon_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o say_v commodity_n become_v forfeit_v for_o nonpaiment_n of_o custom_n the_o lender_n shall_v be_v clear_a of_o any_o damage_n thereby_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o money_n lend_v at_o maritime_a interest_n without_o hazard_n but_o upon_o security_n shall_v pay_v no_o profit_n otherwise_o than_o the_o money_n lend_v at_o interest_n because_o the_o security_n be_v give_v over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o lender_n assurance_n again_o suppose_v it_o be_v money_n not_o enter_v in_o the_o pursers_n book_n and_o yet_o lend_v for_o the_o need_n of_o the_o company_n within_o the_o ship_n during_o the_o voyage_n if_o before_o the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o payment_n shipwreck_n or_o spoil_v happen_v than_o shall_v the_o loss_n come_v in_o contribution_n between_o they_o because_o if_o that_o money_n have_v be_v lie_v by_o the_o lender_n still_o unlent_a it_o have_v be_v in_o common_a danger_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o if_o the_o time_n appoint_v be_v pass_v with_o the_o peril_n aforesaid_a then_o shall_v the_o borrower_n pay_v that_o money_n so_o borrow_v free_a from_o all_o contribution_n further_o in_o case_n the_o borrower_n detain_v any_o such_o money_n lend_v as_o aforesaid_a beyond_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o the_o repay_v he_o shall_v at_o his_o return_n not_o only_o pay_v the_o profit_n agree_v upon_o before_o the_o voyage_n but_o also_o augment_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o long_a time_n and_o shall_v pay_v the_o profit_n of_o that_o first_o condition_n according_o some_o merchant_n there_o be_v that_o will_v deliver_v money_n in_o nature_n of_o vsura_fw-la maritima_n join_v the_o use_n money_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n either_o upon_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n all_o in_o one_o consideration_n and_o so_o take_v 25_o or_o 30_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o return_n of_o such_o a_o ship_n from_o such_o a_o voyage_n wherein_o they_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v up_o the_o money_n make_v account_n to_o be_v better_o assure_v by_o a_o vigilant_a eye_n upon_o a_o merchant_n traffic_n who_o they_o must_v trust_v if_o they_o will_v make_v benefit_n of_o their_o money_n rather_o than_o to_o deliver_v their_o money_n unto_o another_o of_o who_o deal_n they_o can_v give_v so_o good_a a_o judgement_n assurance_n combination_n of_o interest_n money_n and_o assurance_n as_o for_o example_n they_o know_v that_o such_o a_o merchant_n do_v deal_v for_o turkey_n and_o that_o in_o know_a ship_n traffic_v that_o way_n the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n go_v unto_o he_o and_o make_v a_o offer_n to_o lend_v he_o 1000_o will_v for_o a_o voyage_n to_o be_v make_v with_o kersey_n and_o tin_n to_o tripoli_n and_o that_o he_o will_v bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o that_o money_n during_o all_o the_o voyage_n which_o he_o know_v be_v common_o perform_v within_o the_o year_n for_o say_v he_o you_o know_v that_o i_o be_o a_o assuror_n and_o you_o do_v use_v to_o assure_v your_o good_n and_o to_o increase_v your_o trade_n you_o take_v up_o money_n at_o use_n of_o other_o in_o small_a sum_n it_o may_v therefore_o be_v very_o commodious_a for_o we_o both_o to_o include_v the_o price_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o use_n money_n together_o and_o so_o with_o the_o return_n you_o shall_v be_v provide_v to_o pay_v i_o again_o if_o god_n do_v prosper_v the_o ship_n and_o make_v homeward_o speedy_o if_o not_o i_o can_v demand_v nothing_o of_o you_o and_o must_v be_v content_v to_o bear_v the_o loss_n with_o patience_n hereupon_o a_o contract_n be_v make_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o be_v account_v for_o the_o use_n money_n joint_o contract_n of_o interest_n and_o assurance_n joint_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o good_n outward_o and_o another_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o return_n homeward_o in_o conclusion_n there_o be_v 30_o pro_fw-la ceinto_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n he_o be_v to_o have_v 1300_o will_v within_o such_o a_o time_n as_o they_o common_o agree_v be_v it_o one_o or_o two_o month_n after_o this_o be_v a_o good_a bargain_n for_o the_o lender_n howsoever_o the_o borrower_n of_o the_o money_n may_v speed_v for_o the_o lender_n have_v not_o to_o do_v with_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o good_n nor_o with_o the_o return_n of_o they_o but_o he_o will_v be_v sure_a that_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o ship_n he_o may_v have_v his_o money_n pay_v he_o not_o only_o by_o the_o provenue_n of_o the_o kersey_n and_o tin_n which_o be_v buy_v with_o the_o thousand_o pound_n he_o lend_v but_o also_o with_o the_o return_n of_o all_o other_o good_n which_o the_o borrower_n do_v lade_v more_o in_o the_o say_a ship_n for_o tripoli_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n for_o other_o place_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n under_o the_o name_n navis_fw-la be_v all_o kind_n of_o ship_v understand_v and_o navigium_fw-la be_v a_o general_a word_n many_o time_n use_v for_o navigation_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o moment_n to_o describe_v the_o diversity_n of_o ship_n as_o carrack_n galleon_n galleass_n galley_n centaureis_fw-la ship_n of_o war_n flyboats_n buss_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o ship_n and_o vessel_n but_o that_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o sea_n law_n and_o custom_n observe_v therein_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n merchant_n as_o also_o those_o thing_n which_o proper_o may_v concern_v ship_n as_o follow_v all_o ship_n be_v make_v for_o fail_v be_v to_o be_v prepare_v according_o both_o for_o goodness_n and_o sit_v timber_n and_o convenient_a build_n as_o for_o the_o place_n of_o the_o rudder_n of_o the_o ship_n upon_o the_o right_a parallel_n of_o the_o keel_n of_o the_o ship_n equality_n the_o parallel_n of_o equality_n for_o therein_o consist_v a_o main_a point_n for_o swift_a sail_v which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a defect_n in_o many_o ship_n partly_o new_o build_v and_o repair_v for_o new_a timber_n and_o old_a mix_v together_o do_v never_o endure_v long_o especial_o if_o the_o ship_n be_v not_o repair_v in_o time_n before_o she_o be_v much_o decay_v which_o often_o come_v to_o pass_v when_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o can_v agree_v therein_o the_o law_n therefore_o be_v commendable_a that_o if_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o those_o that_o have_v the_o great_a interest_n and_o part_n therein_o cause_n the_o same_o to_o be_v repair_v that_o he_o who_o provide_v not_o his_o money_n for_o his_o part_n within_o four_o month_n after_o shall_v lose_v his_o part_n to_o the_o other_o owner_n if_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v conformable_a with_o the_o rest_n or_o with_o his_o partner_n in_o the_o say_a ship_n who_o do_v disburse_v the_o same_o and_o moreover_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n also_o for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o be_v lay_v out_o some_o make_v a_o question_n whether_o a_o ship_n so_o amend_v &_o repair_v shall_v be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o keel_n of_o the_o ship_n remain_v it_o be_v still_o the_o same_o ship_n and_o not_o to_o be_v call_v another_o ship_n so_o be_v it_o always_o belong_v unto_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n although_o they_o have_v fabricate_v &_o amend_v the_o same_o with_o another_o man_n timber_n for_o the_o sell_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a course_n to_o alienate_v the_o same_o but_o the_o quiet_a possession_n thereof_o must_v be_v deliver_v upon_o the_o sale_n make_v and_o although_o the_o sale_n be_v make_v and_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o ship_n deliver_v if_o nevertheless_o it_o afterward_o shall_v appear_v that_o some_o have_v commit_v piracie_n with_o the_o same_o the_o party_n who_o lose_v his_o good_n may_v lay_v a_o action_n to_o the_o ship_n in_o place_n convenient_a hence_o the_o proverb_n arise_v water_n a_o ship_n which_o can_v drink_v of_o all_o water_n that_o such_o a_o ship_n can_v drink_v of_o all_o water_n albeit_o this_o law_n be_v not_o general_a no_o more_o than_o a_o ship_n drive_v by_o tempest_n into_o a_o harbour_n or_o port_n be_v subject_a to_o pay_v custom_n there_o albeit_o some_o demand_v the_o same_o although_o no_o bulk_n be_v break_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v unreasonable_a a_o contract_n therefore_o take_v his_o strength_n from_o the_o party_n contract_v and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n thereof_o it_o be_v therefore_o
and_o many_o danger_n prevent_v and_o so_o every_o ship_n in_o every_o such_o voyage_n may_v gain_v quick_o one_o hundred_o pound_n that_o usual_o carry_v in_o she_o but_o twenty_o man_n more_o than_o now_o they_o do_v by_o leave_v of_o four_o man_n there_o of_o twenty_o and_o as_o the_o proportion_n before_o name_v hold_n for_o leave_v six_o man_n in_o newfoundland_n of_o thirty_o so_o the_o allow_v of_o man_n to_o be_v make_v proportionable_o from_o every_o ship_n plantation_n a_o easy_a way_n for_o plantation_n will_v soon_o raise_v many_o people_n to_o be_v settle_v in_o every_o harbour_n where_o our_o nation_n use_v to_o fish_n and_o in_o other_o harbour_n in_o other_o country_n in_o like_a manner_n some_o ship_n by_o this_o course_n may_v then_o quick_o gain_v two_o hundred_o pound_n and_o some_o 300_o will_v and_o more_o according_a to_o their_o greatness_n more_o than_o they_o do_v yearly_a now_o and_o those_o man_n so_o leave_v will_v manure_v land_n for_o corn_n see_v board_n and_o fit_a timber_n to_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o and_o search_v out_o for_o diverse_a commodity_n in_o the_o country_n which_o as_o yet_o lie_v undiscovered_a and_o by_o such_o mean_v the_o land_n will_v be_v in_o little_a time_n fit_o people_v with_o diverse_a poor_a handycraft_n man_n that_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o carry_v thither_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o that_o no_o man_n else_o shall_v appropriate_v to_o himself_o any_o such_o certain_a place_n and_o commodity_n for_o his_o fish_n voyage_n except_o he_o will_v in_o such_o manner_n settle_v a_o five_o part_n of_o his_o company_n there_o to_o live_v and_o then_o such_o adventurer_n thither_o will_v careful_o provide_v yearly_a for_o such_o as_o they_o leave_v there_o not_o only_o for_o bread_n and_o victual_n but_o likewise_o for_o all_o necessary_a tool_n fit_a for_o any_o kind_n of_o husbandry_n and_o the_o charge_n thereof_o will_v yearly_a repay_v itself_o with_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o labour_n that_o shall_v be_v so_o leave_v there_o with_o great_a advantage_n by_o this_o mean_n will_v ship_v increase_v man_n be_v employ_v and_o two_o voyage_n may_v be_v make_v yearly_a and_o much_o victual_v save_v for_o the_o allowance_n of_o victual_n to_o maintain_v six_o man_n to_o carry_v they_o and_o recarrie_v they_o outward_o and_o homeward_o be_v six_o hogshead_n of_o beer_n and_o six_o hundred_o weight_n of_o bread_n beside_o beef_n and_o other_o provision_n which_o man_n as_o they_o sail_v too_o and_o fro_o as_o now_o they_o use_v do_v little_o good_a or_o any_o service_n at_o all_o but_o pester_v the_o ship_n in_o which_o they_o be_v with_o their_o bread_n beer_n water_n wood_n victual_v fish_n chest_n and_o diverse_a other_o trumpery_n that_o every_o such_o six_o man_n do_v cumber_v the_o ship_n withal_o yearly_a from_o thence_o which_o man_n be_v to_o be_v account_v unnecessary_a person_n return_v yearly_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o country_n in_o manner_n aforesaid_a the_o place_n of_o these_o ship_n which_o by_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v preoccupy_v may_v be_v fill_v up_o yearly_a with_o good_a fish_n and_o many_o beneficial_a commodity_n and_o the_o man_n so_o leave_v in_o the_o country_n will_v not_o only_o be_v free_a from_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o not_o return_v yearly_a but_o will_v live_v there_o very_o pleasant_o and_o if_o they_o be_v industrious_a people_n gain_v twice_o as_o much_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o ship_n more_o than_o twelve_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o benefit_v their_o master_n that_o be_v keep_v upon_o farm_n newfoundland_n the_o fertility_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o that_o yearly_a for_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v admirable_a replenish_v with_o several_a wholesome_a fruit_n herb_n flower_n and_o corn_n yield_v great_a increase_n the_o store_n of_o deer_n of_o land-fowle_a and_o waterfowl_a be_v rare_a and_o of_o great_a consequence_n as_o also_o many_o sort_n of_o timber_n there_o grow_v with_o great_a hope_n of_o mine_n and_o make_v of_o iron_n and_o pitch_n fur_n may_v be_v procure_v not_o only_o by_o take_v the_o beast_n but_o by_o settle_v in_o process_n of_o time_n a_o traffic_n with_o the_o savage_n for_o their_o fur_n of_o beaver_n martin_n seale_n otter_n &_o many_o other_o thing_n final_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n be_v good_a for_o seed_n root_n and_o vine_n and_o the_o climate_n be_v temperate_a see_v the_o great_a part_n thereof_o lie_v above_o three_o degree_n near_o to_o the_o south_n than_o any_o part_n of_o england_n do_v which_o have_v also_o move_v i_o to_o write_v the_o say_a commendation_n of_o newfoundland_n by_o the_o affirmation_n make_v unto_o i_o by_o the_o say_a captain_n to_o the_o end_n all_o merchant_n may_v further_o this_o intend_a plantation_n whereby_o the_o fish_n trade_n may_v be_v much_o advance_v and_o the_o fish_n itself_o become_v more_o vendible_a which_o shall_v be_v prepare_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o person_n to_o be_v leave_v there_o for_o it_o be_v well_o approve_a by_o all_o those_o that_o yearly_a fish_n for_o herring_n fish_n salt_n boil_a to_o preserve_v fish_n cod_n and_o ling_n that_o salt_n orderly_o boil_a do_v much_o better_o preserve_v fish_n and_o keep_v more_o delightfull_a in_o taste_n and_o better_a for_o man_n body_n than_o that_o fish_n which_o be_v preserve_v with_o any_o other_o kind_n of_o salt_n as_o in_o now_o do_v for_o want_n of_o convenient_a house_n to_o boil_v &_o prepare_v the_o same_o yet_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o say_a plantation_n but_o this_o be_v a_o matter_n depend_v thereupon_o i_o be_o now_o to_o entreat_v of_o the_o fish_n trade_n more_o in_o particular_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n end_v thus_o concern_v plantation_n whereby_o prince_n dominion_n be_v enlarge_v for_o their_o honour_n and_o benefit_n also_o chap._n xlvii_o of_o the_o fish_n trade_n some_o man_n may_v wonder_v and_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n that_o this_o most_o important_a argument_n of_o fish_v have_v not_o be_v handle_v hitherto_o but_o in_o truth_n my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o have_v touch_v the_o same_o because_o of_o the_o neglect_n of_o it_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n where_o the_o same_o be_v abandon_v unto_o other_o nation_n howbeit_o upon_o better_a consideration_n call_v many_o thing_n to_o mind_n i_o find_v that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a error_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o with_o silence_n and_o to_o omit_v the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n therein_o as_o the_o fundamental_a cause_n of_o the_o traffic_n and_o trade_n of_o diverse_a nation_n who_o great_a wealth_n have_v proceed_v from_o the_o same_o for_o it_o have_v please_v almighty_a god_n to_o extend_v his_o blessing_n herein_o more_o than_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n create_v for_o when_o god_n say_v to_o the_o earth_n let_v it_o bring_v forth_o tree_n and_o plant_n â—_o gen._n 1.2_o c._n 22_o â—_o and_o for_o fowl_n create_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n let_v the_o fowl_n fly_v in_o the_o open_a firmament_n and_o of_o cattle_n let_v the_o earth_n bring_v forth_o the_o live_a thing_n according_a to_o his_o kind_n he_o say_v of_o fish_n in_o a_o peculiar_a phrase_n let_v the_o water_n bring_v forth_o in_o abundance_n every_o thing_n that_o have_v life_n and_o will_v they_o to_o increase_v and_o multiply_v and_o to_o fill_v the_o water_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o prophet_n david_n be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n say_v o_o lord_n how_o manifold_a be_v thy_o work_n 104._o psal._n 104._o in_o wisdom_n have_v thou_o make_v they_o all_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v full_a of_o thy_o riches_n so_o be_v the_o great_a and_o wide_a sea_n also_o wherein_o be_v thing_n creep_v innumerable_a both_o small_a and_o great_a beast_n the_o earth_n be_v full_a but_o in_o the_o sea_n be_v innumerable_a of_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o learned_a have_v observe_v other_o scaliger_n bodin_n caâ—dan_n and_o other_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o 120_o several_a kind_n and_o not_o much_o more_o of_o the_o fowlâ—s_n of_o the_o air_n but_o no_o man_n can_v reckon_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o can_v number_v any_o one_o kind_n this_o aught_o to_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o establish_v the_o fish_n trade_n especial_o for_o herring_n cod_n and_o ling_n which_o take_v his_o original_n from_o we_o for_o it_o be_v not_o much_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n trade_n original_a of_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enchusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o the_o sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n which_o inhabitant_n
a_o man_n for_o every_o month_n beside_o the_o ship_n freight_v and_o man_n wage_n which_o may_v be_v agree_v upon_o diverse_o and_o common_o the_o company_n be_v permit_v to_o have_v one_o three_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n one_o three_o and_o the_o merchant_n or_o merchandise_n one_o three_o all_o other_o incident_a charge_n to_o be_v bear_v according_o between_o they_o whereof_o indenture_n of_o covenant_n be_v make_v have_v reserve_v to_o entreat_v of_o this_o important_a business_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la concern_v commodity_n which_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n together_o with_o the_o sea-lawe_n observe_v therein_o with_o all_o other_o custom_n of_o commerce_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o second_o part_n touch_v money_n be_v the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v note_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fish_n trade_n now_o so_o much_o neglect_v appertain_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n as_o have_v be_v show_v even_o by_o original_a antiquity_n the_o correspondence_n and_o long_a intercourse_n between_o the_o society_n of_o goldsmith_n and_o fishmonger_n allude_v hereunto_o for_o saint_n dunstane_n the_o bishop_n dunstone_n the_o allusion_n of_o saint_n dunstone_n term_v to_o be_v the_o patron_n of_o the_o company_n of_o goldsmith_n have_v no_o other_o elixir_n or_o philosopher_n stone_n than_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v be_v obtain_v whereby_o the_o kingdom_n plate_n and_o bullion_n be_v procure_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o which_o fish_v trade_n he_o do_v advise_v that_o three_o fish_v day_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v every_o week_n which_o cause_v also_o more_o abstinence_n and_o hence_o the_o proverb_n come_v that_o saint_n dunstane_n take_v the_o devil_n by_o the_o nose_n with_o his_o pincher_n which_o custom_n if_o it_o be_v better_o observe_v with_o we_o will_v prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n *_o âŽ_o *_o the_o second_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n we_o have_v already_o compare_v the_o three_o simple_n or_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n unto_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n and_o in_o our_o first_o pâ—rt_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la treat_v of_o commodity_n as_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n with_o the_o dependence_n thereupon_o as_o be_v proper_o the_o cause_n of_o commerce_n with_o their_o effect_n adjunct_n and_o accident_n which_o method_n we_o be_v now_o also_o to_o observe_v in_o this_o second_o part_n of_o the_o law-merchant_n concern_v money_n compare_v to_o the_o soul_n which_o infuse_v life_n unto_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n and_o because_o money_n be_v make_v of_o metal_n whereof_o we_o have_v not_o speak_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v here_o we_o be_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o very_a original_n of_o metal_n and_o mine_n as_o a_o matter_n worthy_a the_o knowledge_n of_o merchant_n and_o other_o first_o we_o find_v that_o when_o commodity_n begin_v much_o to_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n all_o manner_n of_o mettle_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v and_o iron_n grow_v into_o great_a estimation_n as_o be_v fit_a and_o more_o durable_a for_o preservation_n and_o so_o the_o pure_a and_o fine_a mettle_n most_o esteem_v at_o which_o time_n the_o riches_n of_o man_n be_v notwithstanding_o describe_v to_o consist_v of_o cattle_n commodity_n and_o other_o movable_n pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la pecuâ—ia_n non_fw-la pecuâ—aâ—ia_fw-la and_o there_o be_v a_o commutation_n of_o commodity_n as_o have_v be_v declare_v which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o cumbersome_a money_n the_o beginning_n of_o money_n and_o do_v require_v much_o carriage_n of_o ware_n up_o and_o down_o from_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o by_o reason_n whereof_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o square_v whereby_o all_o other_o thing_n shall_v receive_v estimation_n and_o price_n and_o as_o it_o be_v become_v a_o measure_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n may_v be_v set_v mensura_fw-la publica_n mensura_fw-la to_o maintain_v a_o certain_a evenhood_n or_o equality_n in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o the_o same_o to_o have_v his_o stand_a valuation_n only_o by_o public_a authority_n to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o thing_n may_v equal_o pass_v by_o trade_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o money_n denomination_n of_o money_n concern_v the_o denomination_n of_o money_n it_o be_v derive_v of_o moneta_n which_o proceed_v a_o monendo_fw-la to_o show_v you_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n vel_fw-la nummi_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o consequent_o the_o price_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o coin_n by_o his_o authority_n make_v stamp_a and_o value_v fundamentum_fw-la pecus_fw-la fuit_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la fundamentum_fw-la pecunia_n be_v derive_v a_o pecude_fw-la of_o cattle_n as_o of_o sheep_n and_o ox_n the_o figure_n whereof_o be_v coin_a thereupon_o nummus_fw-la a_o numerando_fw-la vel_fw-la nomine_fw-la of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prince_n stamp_v upon_o it_o and_o also_o so_o call_v carolus_n guildren_n or_o floren_n so_o a_o ducat_n of_o ducatus_fw-la the_o name_n of_o a_o duke_n and_o in_o time_n past_o be_v call_v stipendium_fw-la be_v a_o stipe_z &_o pendo_fw-la before_o the_o same_o be_v coin_a with_o a_o stamp_n but_o make_v and_o weigh_v be_v silver_n as_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o roman_n in_o time_n past_o use_v copper_n money_n call_v their_o exchequer_n aerarium_fw-la so_o in_o germany_n it_o be_v call_v argentarium_n of_o the_o silver_n and_o be_v keep_v at_o strasbourgh_n that_o city_n be_v call_v 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and_o the_o former_a piece_n go_v for_o three_o half_a penny_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o and_o then_o they_o be_v currant_n for_o two_o penny_n and_o the_o say_a king_n do_v value_v the_o say_a ounce_n at_o forty_o penny_n until_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o do_v value_v the_o ounce_n of_o sterling_a silver_n at_o forty_o and_o five_o penny_n and_o so_o continue_v until_o king_n edward_n the_o six_o and_o until_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o time_n and_o then_o the_o very_a same_o piece_n or_o the_o same_o penny_n be_v value_v at_o three_o penny_n and_o so_o do_v all_o three_o pence_n coin_a by_o the_o say_a queen_n weigh_v but_o a_o penny_n weight_n and_o the_o six_o penny_n two_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_o the_o shilling_n and_o other_o piece_n which_o make_v the_o ounce_n to_o be_v value_v at_o sixty_o penny_n or_o five_o shilling_n whereof_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v the_o pound_n troy_n weight_n weight_n the_o pound_n troy_n divide_v by_o weight_n which_o remain_v divide_v nevertheless_o in_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n for_o the_o say_a ounce_n be_v still_o the_o same_o in_o weight_n do_v retain_v the_o same_o name_n and_o four_o and_o twenty_o grain_n also_o for_o every_o penny_n weight_n and_o according_a to_o the_o say_a pound_n weight_n be_v the_o finesse_n of_o silver_n also_o divide_v for_o if_o it_o be_v all_o pure_a silver_n without_o any_o copper_n call_v allay_v it_o be_v just_o call_v twelve_o ounce_n fine_a because_o that_o pound_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n and_o have_v no_o mixture_n in_o it_o finesse_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n divide_v in_o finesse_n and_o so_o every_o ounce_n be_v consequent_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n in_o finesse_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o finesse_n the_o finesse_n of_o gold_n be_v twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n gold_n finesse_n of_o gold_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la be_v four_a grain_n in_o finesse_n and_o be_v
have_v place_v tin_n under_o the_o benevolent_a planet_n jupiter_n experience_n have_v prove_v unto_o we_o that_o tin_n be_v the_o poison_n of_o all_o metal_n sulphur_n be_v exclude_v which_o they_o say_v be_v of_o two_o colour_n be_v white_a and_o corrupt_a in_o the_o silver_n which_o therefore_o fall_v away_o but_o red_a and_o pure_a in_o the_o gold_n and_o therefore_o permanent_a these_o diversity_n of_o metal_n be_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o accidental_a cause_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o art_n be_v nature_n ape_n by_o imitation_n have_v endeavour_v to_o perform_v that_o wherein_o nature_n be_v hinder_v whereupon_o aristotle_n say_v facilius_fw-la est_fw-la distruere_fw-la accidentale_n quam_fw-la essentiale_fw-la so_o that_o the_o accidental_a be_v destroy_v the_o essential_a remain_v which_o shall_v be_v pure_a but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o projection_n of_o the_o elixir_n or_o quintescense_n upon_o metal_n hence_o proceed_v the_o study_n of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n to_o make_v their_o miraculous_a stone_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o full_a of_o expectation_n when_o a_o man_n see_v the_o true_a and_o perfect_a transmutation_n of_o metal_n metal_n transmutation_n of_o metal_n lead_v and_o iron_n into_o copper_n the_o ore_n of_o lead_n into_o quicksilver_n or_o mercury_n with_o a_o small_a charge_n to_o a_o very_a great_a profit_n as_o it_o have_v be_v make_v for_o i_o until_o the_o makeâ—_n of_o it_o die_v within_o three_o month_n after_o he_o have_v make_v almost_o four_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n as_o good_a as_o any_o natural_a mercury_n can_v be_v and_o that_o in_o six_o week_n time_n to_o return_v to_o our_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o essence_n of_o metal_n they_o have_v be_v transcendend_v in_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o they_o show_v the_o generation_n of_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n in_o this_o manner_n mercury_n the_o essence_n of_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a and_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a according_a to_o their_o nature_n ascend_v and_o meet_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n and_o equality_n and_o fall_v upon_o some_o hilly_a or_o mountainous_a country_n where_o the_o influence_n of_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v a_o continual_a operation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o generation_n or_o proper_o from_o it_o be_v sulphur_n and_o mercury_n engender_v penetrate_v into_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v vein_n of_o water_n and_o there_o they_o congeal_v into_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o into_o the_o oar_n of_o silver_n copper_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n participate_v or_o hold_v always_o some_o little_a mixture_n of_o the_o best_a or_o be_v in_o nature_n better_o or_o worse_o according_a to_o the_o say_v accidental_a cause_n so_o that_o they_o do_v attribute_v the_o generation_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n where_o the_o book_n of_o god_n show_v we_o the_o creation_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o furniture_n thereof_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n do_v appear_v and_o be_v make_v the_o three_o day_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o oar_n of_o all_o metal_n and_o mineral_n whereas_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v create_v afterward_o on_o the_o four_o day_n who_o operation_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o thing_n create_v but_o not_o before_o in_o like_a manner_n say_v they_o be_v diamond_n ruby_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n engender_v according_a to_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o portionable_a participation_n of_o every_o element_n therein_o etc._n exhalation_n and_o vapour_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o exhalation_n be_v subtle_a do_v superabound_a and_o prevail_v over_o the_o vapour_n than_o hereof_o be_v sulphur_n engender_v and_o if_o this_o subtle_a exhalation_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o moist_a vapour_n and_o want_v decoction_n as_o be_v in_o a_o very_a cold_a place_n it_o become_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n which_o can_v endure_v no_o heat_n or_o fire_n at_o all_o the_o first_o mettle_n mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v gold_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o river_n pisson_n grow_v gen._n 2.11_o gold_n grow_v run_v through_o the_o garden_n of_o eden_n into_o the_o country_n of_o havila_n where_o gold_n do_v grow_v and_o this_o be_v in_o the_o east_n according_a to_o which_o observation_n all_o the_o vein_n of_o mine_n run_v from_o east_n towards_o west_n with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o declare_v to_o this_o argument_n appertain_v the_o philosophical_a study_n of_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la prima_fw-la materia_fw-la vel_fw-la mercurius_n philosophorum_fw-la to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o experience_n for_o the_o great_a work_n of_o lapis_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o seven_o year_n the_o practice_n whereof_o be_v make_v about_o forty_o year_n since_o by_o a_o german_a doctor_n of_o physic_n at_o dansicke_a in_o the_o east_n country_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o who_o be_v also_o a_o physician_n and_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n globe_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o he_o take_v 166_o vial_n or_o glass_n wherein_o he_o do_v put_v of_o all_o the_o oar_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v any_o affinity_n with_o mineral_n and_o some_o of_o they_o mix_v and_o calcine_v all_o of_o they_o and_o close_v or_o nip_a up_o all_o the_o glass_n by_o fire_n he_o do_v expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o eminent_a place_n for_o and_o during_o the_o say_a time_n of_o seven_o year_n and_o find_v thereby_o as_o it_o be_v report_v prima_fw-la materia_fw-la which_o be_v reduce_v to_o seven_o glass_n howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o grow_v very_o rich_a and_o buy_v above_o one_o hundred_o house_n in_o that_o city_n before_o he_o die_v which_o be_v a_o occasion_n that_o my_o friend_n imitate_v he_o do_v likewise_o place_n not_o far_o from_o london_n seven_o glass_n with_o calcine_v metal_n make_v of_o the_o oar_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n upon_o a_o house_n top_n against_o the_o back_n of_o a_o chimney_n where_o the_o repercussion_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v work_v upon_o they_o which_o be_v admirable_a to_o behold_v from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n not_o only_o by_o the_o sublimation_n of_o colour_n very_o variable_a and_o celestial_a but_o also_o of_o the_o rare_a alteration_n of_o the_o stuff_n be_v sometime_o liquid_a another_o time_n dry_a or_o part_n of_o it_o moist_a ascend_v and_o descend_v very_o strange_a to_o behold_v as_o myself_o have_v see_v diverse_a time_n from_o year_n to_o year_n some_o have_v be_v there_o two_o three_o four_o five_o and_o one_o almost_o seven_o year_n the_o colour_n whereof_o have_v be_v yellow_a then_o white_a in_o the_o superficies_n then_o as_o black_a as_o pitch_v afterward_o dark_a red_a with_o star_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o at_o last_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o orange_n or_o lemon_n and_o the_o substance_n almost_o dry_a many_o be_v the_o question_n between_o he_o and_o i_o but_o he_o be_v confident_a that_o there_o be_v the_o elixir_n howbeit_o very_o doubtful_a that_o he_o shall_v never_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o it_o come_v so_o to_o pass_v for_o after_o a_o long_a sickness_n he_o die_v of_o a_o burn_a ague_n and_o a_o gentleman_n give_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o wife_n for_o that_o glass_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v any_o thing_n these_o seven_o year_n in_o this_o glass_n he_o will_v show_v i_o the_o work_n of_o this_o quintessence_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o ripley_n philosophorum_fw-la lapis_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la who_o he_o be_v assure_v have_v the_o lapis_n and_o so_o have_v friar_n bacon_n and_o norton_n of_o bristol_n kelley_n have_v by_o his_o say_n some_o little_a part_n to_o make_v projection_n but_o it_o be_v not_o of_o his_o own_o make_n the_o charge_n to_o make_v it_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o speak_v of_o and_o may_v be_v do_v in_o seven_o month_n if_o a_o man_n do_v begin_v it_o upon_o the_o right_a day_n the_o twelve_o operation_n of_o ripley_n he_o declare_v unto_o i_o be_v but_o six_o and_o then_o it_o rest_v for_o say_v he_o all_o philosopher_n have_v darken_v the_o study_n of_o this_o bless_a work_n which_o god_n have_v reveal_v to_o a_o few_o humble_a and_o charitable_a man_n gate_n ripleys_n twelve_o gate_n calcination_n dissolution_n and_o separation_n
collect_v together_o also_o with_o the_o commissary_n clerk_n and_o servant_n of_o counting-house_n as_o also_o the_o commissioner_n of_o muster_n ammonition_n victual_n and_o wagon_n and_o to_o cause_v they_o solemn_o to_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o keep_v all_o the_o point_n and_o article_n of_o our_o say_a ordinance_n 33_o the_o council_n of_o state_n also_o shall_v appoint_v commissioner_n for_o muster_n to_o take_v by_o the_o course_n thereof_o the_o oath_n of_o all_o colonel_n master_n of_o horse_n captain_n lieutenant_n ancient-bearer_n sergeant_n clerk_n and_o solicitor_n of_o company_n in_o our_o service_n military_a which_o oath_n be_v take_v shall_v forthwith_o by_o form_n of_o act_n be_v send_v unto_o the_o council_n of_o state_n 34_o likewise_o that_o the_o council_n of_o admiralty_n the_o officer_n of_o convoy_n master_n of_o licents_n their_o commissary_n clerk_n and_o servant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v accountable_a shall_v do_v the_o like_a 35_o we_o do_v further_a order_n that_o the_o committee_n of_o our_o council_n the_o council_n provincial_a or_o of_o finance_n of_o every_o respective_a province_n for_o themselves_o or_o their_o committee_n shall_v call_v before_o they_o all_o accountable_a officer_n as_o well_o steward_n of_o the_o demayne_n and_o spiritual_a live_n receiver_n of_o the_o ordinary_a mean_n collector_n of_o toll_n and_o all_o other_o with_o their_o clerk_n and_o servant_n which_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o particular_a province_n item_n the_o register_n and_o secretary_n advocate_n proctor_n warder_n of_o college_n court_n and_o chamber_n of_o finance_n to_o take_v the_o aforesaid_a oath_n 36_o the_o committee_n of_o state_n and_o their_o deputy_n or_o council_n provincial_a shall_v have_v care_n also_o that_o all_o town_n and_o village_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n shall_v take_v the_o say_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o be_v accustom_v to_o take_v the_o same_o and_o where_o the_o same_o can_v convenient_o be_v do_v the_o say_a committee_n of_o state_n their_o deputy_n and_o provincial_a council_n shall_v appoint_v in_o all_o town_n and_o village_n some_o person_n to_o take_v the_o say_a oath_n before_o the_o boroughmaster_n magistrate_n treasurer_n and_o secretary_n of_o the_o say_a town_n and_o place_n also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n and_o all_o other_o company_n already_o erect_v or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v erect_v as_o also_o all_o treasurer_n receiver_n rent-gatherers_a and_o their_o committee_n or_o clerk_n of_o lord_n prince_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o of_o high_a power_n item_n all_o deacon_n of_o church_n master_n of_o the_o hospital_n or_o orphan_n almoner_n and_o all_o those_o that_o serve_v in_o almshouse_n house_n of_o correction_n or_o college_n and_o their_o servant_n item_n all_o banker_n of_o money_n their_o deputy_n and_o servant_n all_o master_n of_o corporation_n or_o society_n master_n of_o handie-crafts-man_n or_o trade_n such_o as_o live_v by_o rent_n merchant_n in_o grosse_n or_o by_o retail_n shopkeeper_n brewer_n woodmonger_n herring-monger_n cheese-monger_n dyer_n beere-monger_n innkeeper_n and_o tapster_n and_o all_o those_o that_o use_v any_o trade_n item_n all_o chamberlain_n and_o notary_n resort_v under_o they_o collector_n of_o small_a duty_n fermer_n impost-master_n and_o of_o consumption_n tolegatherers_a gatherer_n of_o poundage_n broker_n and_o their_o committee_n clerk_n and_o servant_n within_o town_n and_o other_o place_n reside_v respective_o under_o they_o and_o further_o all_o those_o that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o every_o town_n place_n or_o village_n shall_v hold_v convenient_a or_o judge_v to_o be_v necessary_a shall_v take_v the_o say_a oath_n upon_o penalty_n in_o case_n of_o refusal_n to_o pay_v every_o day_n three_o guilder_n so_o long_o as_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o the_o proclamation_n and_o moreover_o to_o lose_v their_o freedom_n of_o a_o citizen_n &_o of_o their_o trade_n office_n or_o traffic_v so_o as_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v admit_v unto_o his_o office_n trade_n or_o traffic_v to_o exercise_v the_o same_o until_o he_o have_v first_o in_o conformity_n of_o our_o say_a proclamation_n take_v the_o say_a oath_n 37_o we_o have_v also_o conclude_v and_o think_v good_a that_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o council_n of_o the_o admiralty_n the_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n and_o all_o court_n of_o justice_n shall_v promise_v under_o their_o signature_n upon_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o their_o office_n to_o keep_v all_o the_o say_a point_n and_o article_n none_o except_v and_o the_o say_a court_n of_o justice_n shall_v in_o form_n of_o act_n send_v the_o say_a oath_n of_o all_o the_o say_v several_a person_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a article_n to_o the_o say_a lord_n estate_n of_o the_o say_v respective_a province_n or_o in_o their_o absence_n to_o the_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n within_o fourteen_o day_n after_o the_o publication_n hereof_o which_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n shall_v within_o other_o 14_o day_n after_o that_o send_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o estate_n general_n to_o know_v thereby_o that_o this_o our_o ordinance_n be_v receive_v and_o the_o observation_n thereof_o establish_v the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n or_o of_o the_o admiralty_n and_o their_o committee_n or_o deputy_n and_o other_o within_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a 38_o over_o and_z above_o all_o the_o aforesaid_a oath_n to_o be_v do_v respective_o by_o every_o one_o the_o say_a province_n have_v mutual_o promise_v and_o by_o these_o present_n do_v promise_v each_o to_o other_o to_o observe_v and_o cause_n to_o be_v observe_v the_o say_a proclamation_n in_o all_o and_o every_o point_n and_o article_n without_o any_o alteration_n to_o be_v do_v therein_o make_v void_a and_o annihilate_v from_o hence_o forward_a all_o particular_a grant_n consent_n ordinance_n privilege_n permission_n or_o command_n which_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a valuation_n in_o part_n or_o in_o the_o whole_a by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a province_n town_n college_n and_o magistrate_n or_o other_o member_n of_o the_o same_o may_v be_v give_v and_o grant_v be_v opposite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o country_n 39_o also_o because_o that_o hereby_o the_o say_a valuation_n be_v much_o ease_v for_o the_o multitude_n of_o coin_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o many_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n bullion_n shall_v be_v incident_a in_o these_o province_n to_o the_o end_n our_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o overmuch_o charge_v with_o the_o same_o but_o with_o the_o least_o grievance_n may_v be_v free_v thereof_o we_o will_v and_o command_v the_o general_n of_o mint_n instant_o and_o with_o all_o speed_n to_o take_v care_n that_o in_o all_o town_n of_o these_o unite_a province_n with_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o magistrate_n respective_o where_o there_o be_v no_o bank_n of_o exchange_n nor_o exchanger_n there_o be_v appoint_v one_o or_o more_o person_n of_o credit_n and_o reputation_n as_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v require_v to_o be_v exchanger_n and_o in_o place_n where_o such_o person_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o be_v fit_a thereunto_o that_o the_o magistrate_n shall_v procure_v they_o and_o give_v they_o honest_a recompense_n and_o to_o furnish_v they_o with_o convenient_a instruction_n and_o commission_n unto_o who_o or_o into_o the_o mint_n every_o man_n have_v bullion_n shall_v deliver_v the_o same_o as_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o manuall_n thereof_o prohibit_v unto_o all_o man_n that_o be_v not_o authorise_v thereunto_o not_o to_o meddle_v with_o any_o exchange_a function_n direct_o nor_o indirect_o upon_o forfeiture_n of_o fifty_o netherlands_n golden_a rider_n in_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o first_o time_n and_o double_a the_o second_o time_n beside_o arbitrable_a correction_n the_o one_o three_o part_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o officer_n the_o other_o three_o to_o the_o accuser_n and_o the_o other_o three_o to_o the_o exchanger_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o say_v penalty_n or_o forfeiture_n shall_v happen_v 40_o and_o for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o this_o present_a ordinance_n and_o command_n we_o do_v order_n and_o command_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v publish_v in_o all_o accustom_a place_n where_o proclamation_n be_v make_v every_o three_o month_n precise_o and_o as_o often_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v to_o be_v renew_a and_o publish_v require_v therefore_o the_o state_n of_o every_o respective_a province_n and_o their_o committee_n or_o deputy_n of_o state_n to_o cause_v the_o say_a publication_n to_o be_v do_v at_o the_o day_n nominate_v 41_o final_o albeit_o we_o have_v cause_v the_o say_a valuation_n to_o be_v establish_v upon_o a_o firm_a and_o sure_a ground_n without_o limitation_n thereof_o to_o any_o time_n certain_a
their_o will_n and_o testament_n do_v bequeath_v any_o sum_n of_o money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o pious_a work_n in_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o say_a benefactor_n 4_o item_n that_o the_o say_a officer_n shall_v use_v their_o best_a endeavour_n by_o all_o good_a mean_n to_o move_v all_o well_o dispose_v and_o charitable_a person_n to_o be_v giver_n lender_n and_o contributaries_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o say_a stock_n especial_o when_o man_n be_v visit_v with_o sickness_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o their_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n they_o may_v be_v move_v to_o further_a this_o godly_a action_n for_o the_o continuance_n thereof_o for_o ever_o 5_o item_n that_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v may_v have_v yearly_a inspection_n of_o the_o collection_n and_o account_n of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n at_o a_o day_n by_o he_o to_o be_v appoint_v to_o see_v the_o due_a execution_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o stock_n aforesaid_a 6_o item_n that_o the_o clerk_n and_o other_o officer_n in_o place_n shall_v attend_v the_o say_a house_n from_o six_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n until_o eleven_o and_o from_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n until_o seven_o begin_v yearly_a from_o the_o five_o and_o twentieth_o day_n of_o march_n until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n and_o afterward_o to_o begin_v but_o at_o seven_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o forenoon_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v displace_v 7_o item_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v offer_v to_o pawn_v any_o movable_a thing_n have_v life_n or_o be_v subject_n to_o manifest_a corruption_n or_o pesterable_a ware_n of_o great_a bulk_n but_o only_a thing_n of_o wool_n linen_n silk_n or_o flax_n hemp_n or_o tow_n and_o such_o like_a or_o pewter_n iron_n brass_n or_o any_o other_o matter_n mettaline_a or_o mineral_n or_o of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n or_o precious_a stone_n 8_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o shall_v be_v pawn_v shall_v be_v take_v as_o sell_v in_o open_a market_n or_o shop_n upon_o the_o condition_n follow_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o lawful_a bringer_n thereof_o and_o so_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v recover_v of_o the_o say_a officer_n by_o any_o fraudulent_a deal_n 9_o item_n that_o eâ—erie_a person_n if_o he_o will_v shall_v receive_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n of_o his_o pawn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o pawn_n be_v worth_a twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v fifteen_o shilling_n and_o so_o after_o the_o rate_n provide_v it_o do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o forty_o shilling_n at_o any_o time_n as_o abovesaid_a 10_o item_n that_o the_o say_a pawn_n shall_v be_v safe_o keep_v for_o the_o time_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v pawn_v without_o wilful_a detriment_n or_o hurt_n be_v it_o for_o one_o month_n two_o three_o or_o more_o month_n not_o exceed_v the_o time_n of_o one_o year_n without_o new_a licence_n have_v for_o the_o same_o 11_o item_n that_o the_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o good_n as_o aforesaid_a either_o be_v owner_n or_o put_v in_o trust_n to_o pawn_v the_o same_o shall_v declare_v their_o name_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o journals_n and_o other_o register_n and_o bring_v a_o avoucher_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o the_o party_n be_v felon_n or_o accessary_n of_o felony_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o say_v good_n shall_v be_v stay_v for_o 24_o hour_n to_o see_v whether_o any_o person_n do_v claim_v the_o same_o 12_o item_n that_o every_o person_n which_o do_v pawn_v any_o thing_n shall_v take_v a_o ticket_n contain_v the_o date_n of_o the_o time_n and_o year_n and_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n lend_v with_o the_o private_a mark_n of_o every_o house_n thereby_o to_o redeem_v his_o pawn_n at_o all_o time_n at_o his_o pleasure_n 13_o item_n that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o convenient_a house_n recompense_n of_o officer_n and_o man_n wage_n and_o other_o charge_n incident_a for_o the_o due_a execution_n of_o the_o premise_n every_o person_n borrow_v a_o crown_n or_o five_o shilling_n shall_v give_v for_o his_o bill_n or_o ticket_n one_o farthing_n and_o for_o ten_o shilling_n one_o half_a penny_n and_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n one_o penny_n monthly_o and_o for_o a_o great_a or_o small_a sum_n according_o until_o such_o time_n that_o the_o stock_n be_v increase_v to_o such_o a_o competent_a sum_n as_o may_v countervail_v the_o say_a charge_n and_o supply_v the_o necessary_a occasion_n or_o want_n of_o the_o borrower_n to_o be_v declare_v hereafter_o 14_o item_n that_o all_o pawn_n which_o do_v lie_v above_o one_o year_n be_v not_o license_v to_o remain_v for_o long_a time_n shall_v be_v sell_v by_o a_o public_a officer_n in_o open_a outcry_n every_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n the_o say_a officer_n to_o be_v appoint_v and_o swear_v by_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n for_o the_o time_n be_v or_o by_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n and_o the_o surplusage_n of_o the_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o of_o the_o say_a pawn_n than_o the_o money_n lend_v thereupon_o after_o charge_n deduct_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o owner_n or_o know_a bringer_n of_o the_o say_a pawn_n or_o to_o their_o heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n within_o one_o month_n after_o sale_n make_v of_o they_o upon_o demand_n to_o be_v make_v and_o by_o default_n of_o the_o say_a heir_n administrator_n or_o assign_n to_o be_v deliver_v within_o one_o year_n after_o to_o the_o say_a lord_n maior_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o to_o be_v distribute_v by_o their_o wisdom_n to_o the_o poor_a 15_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a unto_o the_o say_a officer_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o right_a owner_n any_o pawn_n which_o have_v be_v felonious_o take_v upon_o sufficient_a proof_n make_v if_o notice_n be_v give_v before_o the_o register_n thereof_o and_o if_o notice_n be_v give_v after_o the_o say_a register_n or_o pawn_n then_o to_o restore_v the_o same_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o money_n borrow_v thereupon_o and_o charge_n 16_o item_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o treasurer_n general_n and_o surveyor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n or_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n at_o westminster_n under_o their_o hand_n write_v when_o the_o say_a stock_n be_v increase_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n than_o shall_v be_v needful_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a mount_n of_o charity_n to_o give_v some_o relief_n unto_o such_o prisoner_n as_o be_v commit_v for_o debt_n in_o the_o several_a prison_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n be_v it_o either_o for_o their_o maintenance_n there_o or_o after_o they_o have_v be_v one_o year_n in_o prison_n towards_o the_o composition_n which_o they_o shall_v make_v with_o their_o creditor_n so_o as_o the_o say_a gift_n do_v not_o exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o ten_o pound_n towards_o every_o hundred_o pound_n which_o the_o say_a prisoner_n be_v indebt_v if_o their_o good_a behaviour_n and_o likelihood_n to_o do_v well_o shall_v deserve_v the_o same_o *_o âŽ_o *_o quod_fw-la gratis_n accepimus_fw-la gratis_o damus_fw-la chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o true_a calculation_n of_o money_n deliver_v at_o interest_n the_o act_n of_o parliament_n concern_v usury_n make_v in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n declare_v that_o usury_n be_v forbid_v and_o contrary_a to_o all_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n do_v by_o way_n of_o toleration_n admit_v that_o whosoever_o shall_v deliver_v his_o money_n at_o interest_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n shall_v only_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o lose_v that_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o any_o man_n by_o information_n plaint_n or_o bill_n will_v sue_v for_o the_o same_o but_o if_o it_o be_v above_o that_o rate_n the_o deliverer_n of_o the_o money_n shall_v lose_v the_o principal_a money_n and_o incur_v other_o penalty_n and_o this_o statute_n may_v be_v plead_v in_o bar_n and_o be_v to_o be_v construe_v against_o he_o direct_o and_o indirect_o wherefore_o all_o man_n deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n must_v be_v very_o careful_a how_o they_o make_v their_o contract_n because_o many_o mistake_n may_v happen_v for_o that_o all_o council_n learn_v in_o the_o law_n be_v not_o good_a arithmetician_n in_o the_o calculation_n of_o this_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o those_o contract_n insomuch_o that_o by_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n the_o contract_n be_v find_v usurious_a and_o to_o exceed_v the_o rate_n be_v not_o only_o void_a ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la but_o the_o principal_a and_o interest_n be_v also_o lose_v this_o statute_n have_v relation_n to_o the_o
natural_o and_o lawful_o bear_v within_o this_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o shall_v and_o may_v from_o henceforth_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n be_v enable_v and_o adjudge_v able_a to_o all_o intent_n and_o construction_n to_o demand_v challenge_v ask_v have_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v land_n tenement_n hereditament_n and_o rent_n as_o heir_n or_o heir_n to_o any_o of_o their_o ancestor_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o descent_n remain_v revert_v or_o come_v to_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o any_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n or_o mean_n whatsoever_o or_o which_o hereafter_o shall_v come_v etc._n etc._n as_o if_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a subject_n bear_v and_o to_o hold_v and_o enjoy_v to_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o joint_o and_o several_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o rent_n by_o way_n of_o purchase_n gift_n grant_v or_o otherwise_o of_o any_o person_n or_o person_n to_o all_o construction_n and_o purpose_n as_o though_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o have_v be_v your_o highness_n natural_a bear_v subject_n and_o also_o that_o they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o from_o henceforth_o may_v and_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o prosecute_v maintain_v and_o avow_v justify_v and_o defend_v all_o manner_n of_o action_n suit_n plaint_n and_o other_o demand_n whatsoever_o as_o liberal_o frank_o full_o lawful_o sure_o and_o free_o as_o if_o they_o and_o any_o of_o they_o have_v be_v natural_o bear_v within_o your_o majesty_n realm_n of_o england_n and_o as_o any_o other_o person_n or_o person_n natural_o bear_v within_o the_o same_o may_v in_o any_o wise_a lawful_o do_v any_o act_n law_n statute_n proviso_n custom_n ordinance_n or_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o have_v make_v ordain_v or_o do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o wise_n notwithstanding_o and_o your_o petitioner_n shall_v daily_o pray_v for_o your_o royal_a majesty_n long_o in_o honour_n and_o most_o safety_n to_o remain_v over_o us._n this_o petition_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n parliament_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o parliament_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o speaker_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o upon_o the_o second_o read_v in_o the_o commons_o house_n procure_v the_o same_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o certain_a committee_n before_o who_o the_o petitioner_n do_v appear_v and_o after_o examination_n if_o there_o be_v no_o apparent_a cause_n that_o may_v cross_v they_o the_o bill_n be_v return_v into_o the_o parliament_n and_o read_v for_o the_o three_o time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o all_o act_n and_o then_o it_o be_v carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a house_n and_o there_o it_o be_v common_o of_o course_n also_o read_v three_o time_n and_o so_o allow_v and_o there_o it_o do_v remain_v until_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o session_n of_o parliament_n and_o then_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n be_v have_v thereunto_o and_o there_o be_v write_v on_o the_o backside_n or_o within_o these_o word_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n and_o if_o it_o be_v anâ—_n act_n which_o the_o king_n will_v not_o pass_v the_o clerk_n of_o the_o parliament_n write_v le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr s'aduiser'a_fw-fr which_o be_v a_o clean_a and_o absolute_a refusal_n and_o all_o which_o be_v do_v be_v void_a and_o can_v be_v reviue_v in_o another_o parliament_n without_o to_o begin_v all_o from_o the_o begin_n again_o so_o much_o for_o england_n in_o france_n all_o stranger_n that_o be_v not_o bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reside_v or_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o france_n aubeine_fw-fr in_o france_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o right_n of_o aubain_n so_o call_v tanquam_fw-la alibi_n nati_fw-la for_o after_o their_o death_n if_o they_o be_v not_o naturalize_v the_o king_n do_v seize_v upon_o all_o their_o good_n they_o have_v in_o france_n and_o appropriate_v the_o same_o to_o his_o exchequer_n or_o finance_n without_o that_o the_o say_v stranger_n can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o testament_n or_o will_n or_o that_o their_o lawful_a heir_n can_v claim_v the_o same_o howbeit_o they_o may_v give_v they_o and_o dispose_v thereof_o while_o they_o live_v by_o contract_n make_v between_o they_o a_o stranger_n also_o not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n yet_o have_v get_v wealth_n or_o mean_n within_o the_o same_o may_v dispose_v of_o it_o unto_o his_o heir_n and_o other_o although_o they_o be_v stranger_n also_o if_o a_o stranger_n travel_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n shall_v chance_v to_o die_v his_o heir_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o good_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o decease_n in_o france_n but_o when_o a_o stranger_n take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n then_o may_v he_o get_v wealth_n and_o possession_n within_o the_o realm_n lawful_o and_o free_o which_o letter_n of_o naturalisation_n must_v be_v record_v in_o the_o chamber_n of_o account_n upon_o pain_n of_o a_o penalty_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v possession_n and_o good_n so_o as_o he_o be_v nature_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o same_o be_v give_v by_o will_n or_o testament_n so_o as_o he_o also_o be_v naturalize_v as_o aforesaid_a but_o mounseur_fw-fr papon_n the_o civilian_n say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o one_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n but_o it_o must_v be_v also_o of_o a_o woman_n take_v in_o marriage_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o hereupon_o allege_v a_o arrest_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n whereby_o a_o cousin_n of_o a_o stranger_n decease_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o sister_n because_o the_o cousin_n be_v bear_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o same_o and_o the_o sister_n do_v not_o dwell_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o be_v bear_v in_o another_o country_n albeit_o she_o cause_v herself_o to_o be_v naturalize_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o brother_n whereof_o the_o court_n have_v no_o regard_n because_o the_o good_n by_o succession_n be_v get_v before_o which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n mounseur_fw-fr banquet_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o frenchman_n be_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n for_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o country_n that_o his_o good_n present_a and_o to_o come_v do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o can_v dispose_v thereof_o by_o will_n or_o testament_n as_o it_o have_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a decree_n of_o parliament_n the_o king_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o vacant_a good_n and_o therefore_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o purchase_v their_o quietness_n and_o if_o any_o stranger_n bear_v and_o naturalize_v shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n some_o eight_o or_o ten_o year_n upon_o especial_a occasion_n or_o otherwise_o he_o be_v at_o his_o return_n to_o take_v new_a letter_n of_o naturalisation_n or_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a by_o some_o approbation_n consideration_n a_o observable_a consideration_n and_o herein_o be_v a_o special_a point_n to_o be_v note_v as_o a_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o those_o of_o flanders_n milan_n and_o the_o french_a county_n of_o savoy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o dwell_v in_o this_o kingdom_n because_o the_o french_a king_n pretend_v that_o the_o say_v country_n be_v they_o and_o be_v never_o alienate_v by_o any_o conseâ—t_n of_o they_o but_o be_v country_n which_o at_o all_o time_n have_v belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n who_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o subject_n to_o be_v true_a and_o loyal_a frenchman_n but_o it_o be_v requisite_a if_o they_o come_v to_o dwell_v and_o inhabit_v within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o take_v letter_n of_o naturalisation_n to_o the_o end_n the_o officer_n do_v not_o molest_v or_o trouble_v they_o by_o the_o premise_n we_o see_v that_o the_o naturalise_v in_o france_n be_v far_o more_o compulsorie_a for_o merchant_n than_o in_o england_n howbeit_o that_o in_o both_o kingdom_n if_o a_o stranger_n naturalize_v after_o many_o year_n that_o he_o have_v inhabit_v the_o same_o be_v desirous_a to_o return_v to_o his_o father-land_n or_o native_a country_n he_o may_v surrender_v his_o letter_n patent_n and_o be_v discharge_v of_o his_o oath_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xiiii_o of_o the_o determination_n of_o seafaring_a cause_n have_v now_o hitherto_o entreat_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n with_o their_o adjunct_n and_o accident_n and_o therein_o observe_v time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o also_o the_o three_o simple_n and_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n with_o their_o effect_n and_o property_n let_v we_o now_o consider_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o method_n of_o the_o proceed_n therein_o to_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v they_o be_v determine_v and_o execute_v
and_o equality_n of_o money_n domestical_a and_o foreign_a aforesaid_a a_o most_o easy_a remedy_n aâ—_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o let_v all_o merchant_n exchange_v one_o with_o another_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o they_o now_o do_v and_o can_v agree_v among_o themselves_o but_o never_o under_o that_o price_n see_v it_o be_v against_o all_o reason_n nature_n and_o policy_n to_o undervalue_v the_o king_n money_n by_o exchange_n and_o all_o the_o commodity_n according_o to_o the_o incredible_a loss_n of_o the_o realm_n will_v not_o this_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v as_o we_o see_v the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v the_o great_a carrack_n or_o vessel_n be_v but_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o timber_n fasten_v upon_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o keelne_v of_o the_o ship_n whereby_o it_o be_v direct_v according_a to_o all_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o let_v the_o practice_n hereof_o assure_v we_o and_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o seek_v the_o golden_a fleece_n in_o colchos_n which_o we_o have_v within_o our_o own_o island_n of_o great_a britannia_n our_o feeble_a pulse_n will_v be_v feel_v when_o our_o hammer_n shall_v beat_v in_o the_o mint_n for_o money_n and_o bullion_n be_v to_o the_o state_n a_o second_o life_n if_o any_o hedgmint_n for_o so_o do_v the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o call_v the_o mint_n of_o petty_a lord_n bâ—_n hedgemint_n what_o they_o bâ—_n which_o by_o falsify_v standard_n do_v imitate_v to_o coin_v the_o money_n of_o other_o prince_n shall_v seek_v to_o maintain_v inequality_n all_o their_o imagination_n will_v prove_v to_o be_v but_o chimera_n and_o toy_n for_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a for_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o price_n of_o this_o equality_n of_o exchange_n according_o than_o it_o be_v for_o a_o miller_n to_o turn_v his_o mill_n to_o grind_v his_o corn_n with_o all_o wind_n insomuch_o that_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v once_o establish_v and_o know_v there_o will_v not_o want_v some_o backbiter_n or_o momus_n to_o make_v little_a estimation_n of_o this_o columbus_n voyage_n to_o the_o rich_a india_n and_o go_v about_o to_o disgrace_v this_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o set_v a_o egg_n on_o the_o end_n by_o way_n of_o imitation_n as_o other_o do_v when_o they_o see_v it_o do_v before_o money_n prerogative_n royal_a to_o set_v a_o price_n for_o money_n by_o these_o mean_n shall_v the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a prerogative_n the_o king_n have_v to_o set_v down_o a_o price_n on_o his_o own_o coin_n and_o thereby_o to_o give_v a_o certain_a measure_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v which_o be_v by_o the_o merchant_n exchange_n and_o connivance_n of_o toleration_n by_o foreign_a state_n abridge_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n frustrate_v and_o it_o import_v the_o king_n more_o to_o reform_v this_o exchange_n than_o any_o other_o prince_n because_o god_n have_v so_o bless_v england_n that_o no_o nation_n of_o christendom_n traffick_v so_o much_o in_o bulk_n of_o staple_n commodity_n as_o this_o realm_n which_o boter_n though_o altogether_o spanish_a in_o time_n past_a and_o no_o friend_n to_o england_n confess_v that_o two_o year_n before_o the_o take_n of_o antuerp_n 1584._o an._n 1584._o all_o the_o ware_n of_o christendom_n be_v value_v and_o sum_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o city_n which_o be_v vent_v there_o in_o one_o year_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n the_o english_a amount_v to_o four_o part_n thereof_o which_o be_v the_o cause_n also_o that_o england_n have_v the_o head_n of_o exchange_n exchange_n the_o basis_n of_o exchange_n which_o be_v our_o basis_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o twenty_o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o most_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o this_o head_n may_v command_v the_o member_n and_o part_n of_o the_o body_n more_o convenient_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n as_o before_o have_v be_v declare_v i_o have_v in_o this_o chapter_n think_v convenient_a to_o remember_v this_o important_a matter_n again_o with_o a_o variety_n of_o stile_n to_o revive_v and_o recreate_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o reader_n to_o the_o end_n all_o the_o premise_n may_v in_o his_o apprehension_n and_o conceit_n give_v more_o delight_n and_o pleasure_n even_o to_o natural_a mother_n wit_n who_o commendation_n may_v not_o be_v omit_v chap._n xix_o the_o due_a commendation_n of_o natural_a mother_n wit._n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o humane_a action_n be_v fall_v from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n be_v to_o ascend_v again_o from_o imperfection_n to_o some_o measure_n of_o perfection_n natural_a mother_n wit_n cast_v her_o eye_n back_o per_fw-la varios_fw-la casus_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la discrimina_fw-la rerum_fw-la challenge_v the_o precedency_n of_o art_n by_o way_n of_o prosopopeia_fw-la by_o her_o ingenious_a observation_n of_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n under_o which_o she_o have_v note_v that_o all_o substantial_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n be_v subject_a who_o will_v deny_v say_v the_o intellectual_a part_n of_o wit_n that_o even_o as_o forma_fw-la that_o esse_fw-la rei_fw-la so_o i_o cause_v dame_n nature_n to_o perform_v her_o function_n by_o produce_v spot_a lamb_n when_o i_o overcome_v the_o eyesight_n in_o generation_n 37_o gen._n 30._o ver_fw-la 37_o so_o when_o the_o tooth_n of_o infant_n come_v forth_o orderly_a and_o conjoin_v by_o my_o observation_n be_v they_o make_v a_o object_n for_o the_o tongue_n to_o play_v upon_o do_v not_o i_o teach_v those_o that_o can_v not_o pronounce_v the_o letter_n r_o to_o lay_v little_a pimble_a stone_n under_o their_o tongue_n to_o elevate_v the_o same_o to_o make_v they_o apt_a thereunto_o as_o also_o to_o cause_v the_o ligament_n to_o be_v break_v without_o which_o the_o grammarian_n can_v ascribe_v to_o himself_o grammatica_fw-la grammatica_fw-la vox_fw-la literata_fw-la &_o aâ—ticulata_fw-la debito_fw-la modo_fw-la pronunciata_fw-la by_o which_o ability_n the_o caldean_a hebrew_n greek_a and_o latin_a letter_n be_v afterward_o by_o art_n invent_v upon_o which_o foundation_n logic_n be_v build_v whereby_o i_o cause_v verum_fw-la &_o falsum_fw-la to_o be_v distinguish_v and_o truth_n to_o be_v discern_v which_o the_o logician_n have_v so_o much_o obscure_v by_o their_o sillogisme_n and_o argument_n found_v upon_o distinction_n division_n subdivision_n logica_fw-la logica_fw-la quillet_n and_o exception_n by_o variety_n of_o term_n that_o without_o my_o help_n the_o truth_n can_v hardly_o naked_o be_v know_v which_o by_o art_n shall_v be_v make_v plain_a and_o not_o intricate_a for_o a_o ripe_a wit_n will_v dispel_v the_o foggy_a mystery_n of_o deceitful_a fallacy_n as_o the_o sun_n drive_v away_o the_o wind_n and_o cloud_n poet_n be_v behold_v unto_o i_o who_o natural_a witty_a faculty_n make_v they_o famous_a according_a to_o the_o proverb_n nascimur_fw-la poetae_fw-la fimus_fw-la oratores_fw-la but_o now_o art_n step_v in_o rhetorica_fw-la rhetorica_fw-la and_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o rhetoric_n as_o devise_v by_o she_o with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o facundity_n and_o fluency_n of_o speech_n and_o be_v call_v ornatus_fw-la persuasio_fw-la whereunto_o the_o celerity_n of_o wit_n occur_v say_v soft_a sir_n do_v not_o take_v i_o to_o be_v all_o wit_n without_o wisdom_n like_v unto_o tree_n full_a of_o fair_a leaf_n without_o fruit_n arithmetica_fw-la arithmetica_fw-la for_o lo_o yonder_o come_v arithmetic_n which_o be_v the_o original_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o seven_o liberal_a science_n or_o art_n without_o which_o none_o of_o they_o can_v subsist_v her_o poesy_n be_v par_n &_o impar_fw-la this_o foundation_n be_v lay_v by_o i_o among_o the_o heathen_n and_o unlearned_a creature_n of_o america_n and_o other_o country_n to_o demonstrate_v number_n by_o finger_n and_o toe_n tell_v two_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o ten_o than_o ten_o and_o one_o and_o ten_o and_o two_o and_o so_o forth_o still_o make_v sign_n as_o they_o speak_v and_o when_o they_o will_v reckon_v twenty_o they_o will_v hold_v down_o both_o their_o hand_n to_o their_o foot_n show_v all_o their_o finger_n and_o toe_n and_o as_o the_o number_n be_v great_a so_o will_v they_o double_v and_o augment_v the_o sign_n observe_v the_o same_o by_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o stick_n lay_v or_o tie_v together_o and_o separate_v a_o sunder_o observe_v thereby_o their_o payment_n and_o promise_n according_a to_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n this_o be_v that_o account_v by_o score_n yet_o use_v whereof_o their_o arithmetic_n give_v denomination_n before_o any_o of_o the_o say_a art_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v attribute_v unto_o i_o ab_fw-la origine_fw-la for_o i_o have_v note_v that_o in_o thing_n create_v and_o engender_v the_o element_n be_v