coms by the fault of the Blood when it abounds with very convenient parts to breed Choler and is not hindred by the contrary things noted in Sect. 24. by reason of all the External Causes at least the mâ—st and together most desirable concurring for some space 30. The Blood abounds with fit parts to produce Choler 1. Because of warmer and hot and so Summer Air. 2. Because of Spiritous and Fat Food and chiefly abounding with an Oily Volatil Salt such as are strong and sweet Wine fatter Flesh the best Leavend Bread stronger and bitter Beer c. Hitherto belong all Sauces both Aromatical and especially Bitter 3. Because of daily Watchings 4. Because of frequent Anger 5. Because of vehement and great motion of Body 6. Because of a Costive Body Choler being retaind in the Body or looser it abounding and seeking an Out-let any way 31. Sweet and sugard or honied Sauces seem to me not so much to encrease as trouble and stir up and force Choler to make a vitious Effervescency whence oft an hurtful yea somtimes together deadly Vomiting and Lâ—â—sâ—â—ss uses to follow their over-use and so abase 32. The Separation of Choler may be encreasd by the fault of the Glandulous Kernels when they have got a vitious and new or at least encreasd convenient disposition to separate plenteous Choler by reason of the same fore-mentiond primary faults of Diet longer continu'd 33. III. Choler is bred with a vitious quality when 1. it is more purely or obscurely yellow in Colour according to its proper sensible qualities more or less bitter in Savour more or loss sharp or â—oetid in Smell in Hardness when congealing into stones it gets a notable consistency and firmness or 2. according to its common sensible qualities it is somtimes more consistent or fluid then is naturally and therfore somtimes more glutinous other-times more liquid that I add nothing of its chang'd and already propos'd plenty 34. Seeing that both Colours Savours and Odors are observd to undergoe incredible changes from most different things I of mine own accord confess that hitherto I cannot assign exactly their true Causes and accurate Reasons and would receive them with a glad and grateful Mind from any so happy Which things lying hid yet to be found out by the multitude of Observations and to be brought to light by the help of Ingenuity I wish the Royal Societies appointed by the Authority of Great Kings and without doubt abundantly instructed with necessary helps to absolve such a Matter would not forbear to take pains useful to the Common-Wealth 35. I am taught by the Observations of some years that the Consistency and hence Glutinousness of Choler and oft the other Humors in the Body are Encreasd by a frequent use of Tart things the same on the contrary are Diminishd by the continued use of Volatil Salts and Sharp Aromatics 36. I. The greater or less Separation of Choler Deficient causd either by the Blood or the Glandulous Kernels of the Liver may be Cur'd 1. by Air Hot naturally or by art 2. By Food and Sauces abounding with a Volatil Salt and Spirit and especially bitter 3. By Watchings a little exceding custom 4. By moderat Anger 5. By Exercise of Body somwhat to vehement 6. By the Body kept soluble but not too loose and fluid 37. Among Medicins having experienc'd I commend a frequent use of Oily Volatil Salts as also of bitter Aromatics and chiefly of Wormwood and such-like any way us'd 38. II. The excretion of Choler more or less encreasd may be Cur'd 1. By more cold and Northern Air. 2 By Tart Glutinous and a little Spiritous Food and Sauces 3. By Sleep encreasd even by Art 4. By moderat sorrow of Mind 5. By rest of Body 6. By keeping the Body somwhat Costive after Choler is purg'd out by Rhubarb 39. All Tart and Earthy Medicins encreasing the Consistency of Blood may avail here whither all fat and seald Earths belong Bole Armeniac and Coral Pearl c. In the use of which beware least while you avoid one mischief you fall into another they are therfore to be us'd in a small quantity and at times wherby so the Blood turgid with Particles of Choler may be degrees be amended 40. III. The Savour of Choler being less bitter may be corrected by frequent use of Sauces or Medicins mildly bitter especially of Wormwood and Wormwood Wine made of it and such-like 41. The Hardness ascrib'd to Choler compacted into Stones may be Cur'd by the Juice and Decoction of Grass as also by the Spirit of Nitre as well pure as dulcifi'd us'd in Wine Beer c. 42. The encreasd Consistencie of Choler may be Cur'd by somwhat sharp Aromatics and chiefly by all Volatil but especially also Oily Salts 43. The encreasd Fluidness and Liquidness of Choler may be Cur'd by a prudent and continu'd Use of mildly Tart things Verjuice Quinces Medlars Wild-Plums c. CHAP. XLV Of the Retention or Excretion of Choler in its Bag deprav'd 1. SEeing that enough of Choler is always observd to be gathered and kept during Health in the Bag of Choler in all Creatures that have a Bag which if it be not sent out through the Cystic Passage perpetually then at least by Intervals whithersoever to be sent afterwards it is deservedly enquir'd into the Causes and Cures of it Retaind or thence Sent out beside nature 2. Choler is too much Retaind and therfore accumulated in its Bag either by the fault of it self or of the Bag. 3. Choler is Retaind too long by the fault of it self in its Bag as oft as it is too Glutinous and so less fit for motion or compacted into Stones and therfore most unfit for excretion neither doth the motion and contraction of the Bag seem to be so potent as to expel the Stones within it 4. Choler becoms more Glutinous by such-like Food or Tart Sauces long us'd as also by cold and sharp Air and sorrow of Mind by which the Juice of the Pancreas especially and hence the universal Mass of Blood and anon all the Humors become too Glutinous 5. Choler is compacted and coagulated into Stones by a Lapidescent so call'd by some or rather to be call'd a Juice making a Stone which I suspect gets its strength from a Tart acid seeing that Stones and Gravel are dissolved by a subtile and sharp Acid. 6. Choler may be Retaind too long in it by the fault of its Bag as oft as its Fibres become too loos by reason of an exceding collection of Choler or the Animal Spirits become deficient in them chiefly because of its Nervs ill affected although I think either of these Causes seldom hath place here or its Out-let may be clâ—structed by Choler compacted into an extremely Glutinous Humor or Stone 7. The same Choler is sent forth too much out of its Bag in like manner by the fault either of it self or of its Bag. 8. By the fault of it self when Choler
come within the reach of that Motto in the Duke's Theatre Vniversus Mundus exercet Histrioniam And besides this it serves for divers purposes more Concerning which give me leave because it may be of use to make publick here what I not long since privately wrote upon an eminent occasion thus 'T is a common trick among the Tribe of Dissectors to open Bodies of their own or other Mens Patients in pretence to satisfie themselves and the deceased's Kindred touching the cause of Death and thence they always pick out enough before the admiring By-standers to justifie themselves and their own mistakes by reasons to prove that the Patient was incurable or else they will be sure to collect dirty matter enough to cast upon any Physician whom they envy whose hap it may have been to have given Physick before them to the same Patient especially if he be not of their Honorary number hundreds of able Practitioners and Learned have been thus artificially blasted So that it were well if this famous City of London would take Notice of such crafty Abuses for the future For though somtimes when upon opening of Bodies the internal parts appear decayed or corrupted in their Tone and Substance 't is manifest then what brought on Death yet not so at other times seeing most Diseases lying in the variations of Blood and Humors Spirits and Ferments of the Parts are in their Causes remote from such ocular inspection let none in these Matters be gull'd hereafter For that nothing certain can be concluded from the stagnation of Blood or other Humors found in any place or passage of the Body after Death is evident in this that Nature upon Death's approaches being driven to most violent motions doth extravasate intravasate throw Blood and Humors in and out here and there and every-where Cap-a-pe through the most abstruse and unperceivable Passages So that if stagnant or coagulated Blood or other Humour be found in any part by Anatomizing it cannot be concluded it was so before death For it was well said of old by Celsus the most prudent of all Physicians in his Preface Neque quicquam esse stultius quà m quale quid vivo homine est tale existimare esse moriente intò jam mortuo which is in plain English That nothing is more foolish than to imagine that things within a Man should be in the same state when he is dying as they were when he was living much more when he is actually dead From hence also observe what mistakes Physicians may be led into by blind supposals and conjectures of Blood or other matter lodged in this that or other secret Passage of the Vessels or Bowels to be causes of Diseases when they proceed thereupon to raise fanciful Doctrines whereby to manage practice in After-time and order Cures by Calculations secundùm ductus Hypotheses Anatomicos No Man can be against a due enquiry into Anatomy so far as concerns a being acquainted with the Structure Figure Scituation and Connexion of the Parts of the Body especially in Cases of Chirurgery wherein its greatest use doth lie and of this also it becomes a Physician not to be ignorant who ought also to be a Chirurgian though the sine-finger'd Academick Education of Physicians in England hath here unhappily divided the two Faculties the Professors of the one being brought up to Talk the other to Work the one in their youth to speculative Philosophy the other from their very first youth in practiceâ— Drudgery if I may so call it in comparison with the other from whence 't is observable we are always furnished with far more able Chirurgians than Physicians Consider what greater Men ever had we in the World for the old way of Physick formerly than those that were bred up Chirurgians Galen himself was bred a Chirurgian And where now will you find among the Galenists of our Nation Men for Physick to be named after those famous Persons bred Chirurgians such as were Pareus Chalmetaeus Pigraeus Guillemeau Ingrassias Felix Wurtzius Fallopius Vesalius Carcanus Severinus Marchetti Spigelius and the two Fabricii one an Italian the other a Swisse viz. Hildanus and ab Aquapendente whose Judicious Works and great Performances made them renowned through the world But now forsooth a Chirurgian with us is made so little a thing by our Doctoral Confederates that when he hath a Patient they expect he should not presume to prescribe any thing of Internal Physick for the promoting his Cure though none can judg so well what is fit to be done as himself so that if he gives way he remains liable to the possibility of having his Work spoiled either by the ignorance or sometimes the malice of another Person that knows little or nothing of the management of a Chirurgical Curation Besides if our Chirurgians were excluded as that 's the desire and aim of the others from the Practice of Physick I wonder where his Majesty for his Fleets and the Merchants for theirs â—â—n which the Wealth and Glory of this Kingdom doth depend would be supplyed with Able Practitioners for the Sick at Sea the greatest sicknesses both Acute and Chronick being there predominant Not from the fine breed of the Scholastick Family whose Learning so much as it is and that is in but a very sâ—w of them lies quite beside the way that leads to the more noble â—â—â—ally of Physicians insomuch that when they first come to Town with the Learned Cushion-Cap and Scarlet the very Apothecaries Boys are able to tutor them in Town-practice laugh at them and tell Tales behind their backs Wherefore seeing the Juniors are not fit to be trusted aboard with the Seamen and the Seniors never did serve nor mean to do it and nothing but another great Plague can send them out of London Which way can the Sea or our Armies be served with Physick and Chirurgery if Surgeons-Hall be not to be lookt on as a Colledge of Physicians and for which of their good Services to the Crown Kingdom and City will the other Society ever have the confidence to seek an Authority to tuck the Necks of all other Physicians Chirurgians and Apothecaries under the Girdle of their Jurisdiction But 't is to be hoped the Nation will ere long be convinced that the Laboratory the Work-house is the way to be traced before we enter the Library an Apprenticeship from our Youth to work and study under a Practiser is that only which can make one a Doctor all the rest is but flocci nauci nihili pili c. Whereupon 't is to be hoped also we shall one day think it high time that a Reformation be thought of that the present formal way which none of the Antients knew will be left and our Youth for Physick instead of being Academians be bred up more Mechanico instituted in the Operative before the bend themselves upon the Contemplative and Philosophizing part of Physick For Aristotle said well Nihil in intellectu quod
of mans and brutes Carcases of Minerals kindled or otherwise stirrd by force of fire and more or less partaking of the nature of sulphur and by hurtful and corrupt Food in the time of dearth sieges far voyages c. and also by the Mind together and potently stirrd up by several and often contrary Passions whence divers vapors are necessarily rais'd in the Belly by several Humors ill affected and anon carri'd thence to the Heart and thence to the Brain to infect the Animal Spirits 25. I. An over little Separation of the Animal Spirits may be Cur'd 1. by using Food abounding with much and loosend Volatil Spirit Strong Wine rightly fermented and somtimes Spirit of Wine rectifi'd either single or aromatic 26. II. By Promoting or Restoring the deficient Fermentation of Food in the Stomach by Medicins propos'd in Chap. 7. Sect. 26. and 33. among which the newly mentioned Spirit of Wine is nam'd as also any Volatil Salt taking a few drops with a little Wine or any other ordinary drink once or twice at dinner and supper seeing that it also corrects all tartnes of what is taken in or otherwise corrupted in the body 27. III By Freeing the Mind from Sorrow and Fear and that by reasons whence soever taken that will stirr up and recreate the mind afflicted 28. IV. By Driving away Sloathfulness and moderatly exercising the body 29. V. By busying the Mind in serious matters but also grateful 30. VI. By diminishing Sleep by little and little daily 31. When the head is ill affected by the external Cold of Air Water or Snow or a Stoppage of the Head be also bred or the Defect of the Animal Spirits chiefly urge then I have observd the Sick to be happily and soon cur'd if whatsoever has pierc'd into the Head or any other parts of the body bringing harm to them be driven out again as soon as can be and that by Sudorifics both spiritous and volatil taken at once or which I like better often and at times as being such that not only alter and correct the Cause of Cold and other evils accompanying it but do also amend the harm entred into the Body Containing and Containd 32. To this end I commend this following Form â„ž Fumitorie Fennel-Water of each â„¥ ii Simple Treacle-Water or any other Aromatic â„¥ i. Sp. of Salt Armoniac xx drops Oil of Cloves iii. drops Mineral BezoardÊ’ ss Laudanum ii granes Syr. of red Poppies â„¥ i. M. Let the Sick take two spoonfuls of this Medicin and expect a Sweat being meanly coverd which he may facilitate and get what he desires if he always take a little of it in half an hours space till the sweat break forth for then he may use it more seldom and sparingly using moreover a little of pure broth or mixt with a little wine whereby his Strength may be recreated and made fitter to bear a Sweat longer For nothing so much helps the Sick as a Sweat continued mildly a while which Experience hath oft taught me 33. When the natural and sufficient Separation of the Animal Spirits is hindred by an Internal or Feverish Cold or any other without a feverish fit often seizing on Men then the desired Separation of the Animal Spirits so useful and necessary to mans felicity is restored sooner or more slowly by such a Sudorific as is newly mentiond rightly us'd the Sweat coming forth one while sooner another while latter 34. For by the help of this Spiritous and volatil and also Aromatic medicin or one like it the Vapors and Wind that produce the hurt and troublesom Cold in man and Srupidness of all the Senses and Dulness of Motion are discust 35. They who let Blood while such an external or internal Cold urges or think they can carry out the cause of the evil either by vomit or siege put the Sick into danger of life or at least of more grievous evils as I have seen done oft by Men more verst in reading Books then in observing the Symptoms befalling the Sick and therefore often hurting themselvs as well as others So much can the Mind anticipated do by false prejudices and therefore unfit to weigh and discern things equally 36. II. An over-Plenteous Separation and Breeding of the Animal Spirits may be Diminisht 1. by Laying aside very Spirituous Drink and in its stead substituting more Watry 37. 2. By enjoying by degrees more cold Air such as the mountain or marine especially Northern and Subterraneal 38. 3. By less stirring and exercising the Body and so giving it to quiet and sleep 39. 4. By freeing the Mind from all vehement commotion of Joy especially or Anger and keeping it appeasd quiet and almost idle 40. And because all sudden change is wont to be together dangerous there ought to be careful endeavour that the noted changes by degrees may happen in the noted non-natural things 41. And as the more open Cavities of the Brain and Cerebellum destind and ordaind to strain through the Animal Spirits do follow the mentiond errors of Diet we need not doubt but likewise a Diet somwhat contrary to the former may bring again and reduce them to a natural and laudable straitness 42. III. The Animal Spirits Drowsy and unfit for Motion may be stirra up and freed from the narcotic force mingled with them by Volatil Salts but such as are very sharp and all medicins endued with an aromatic biting Pepper Cloves Castor Garlic Horse-Radish Mustard Scurvie-grass Hedge-Mustard and such-like often us'd in a small quantity for example â„ž Scurvie-grass Hedge-Mustard Water of each â„¥ i. Tincture of CastorÊ’ i. Oil of Cloves 2. drops Syr. of Scurvie-grassÊ’ vi M. Let the Sick often take a spoonful of this mixture 43. If any pretending Physician disdain the name of a Mixture prepare a Decoction after this following form â„ž Galangal-RootÊ’ ii Horse-Radish Root â„¥ ii the leavs of Hedge-mustard M ii ClovesÊ’ ss Boil them in Water and White Wine of each alike the vessel being shut in â„¥ xx of what is straind dissolv Syr. of Scurvie-Grass â„¥ iii Tincture of Cinamon â„¥ i. M. for a Decoction Let the Sick lying in bed meanly coverd use often in a day 5. or six Spoonfuls of this Decoction wherby if possible a light Sweat may break forth to ease the Sick 44. By the help of these medicins the Animal Spirits will not only be freed from their Drowsiness but even the narcotic force bred in the Body either in length of time or receivd in from without may also be corrected and at length overcomd 45. The Sick will be raisd from Sleepiness and Stupidness usually the companion of Drowsiness by potent external Objects sharply moving the External Senses and mean while not hurting their organs So a great Light should be set before the Eyes a strong Sound should be raisd near the Ears sharp Smels applyd to the Nostrils Spirit of Salt Armoniac of Harts-Horn and such-like also sharp Spices or Salts should be put
into the Mouth his Skin should be rubd with rough cloaths his Body should be expos'd to the Fire and heat of the Air but not to Cold seeing it is known that Numness is caus'd by External Cold. Yet does it not follow thence that Opium likewise producing Drowsiness ought to be esteem'd cold because the same effect may procede from several Causes diversly acting add that Opium is bitter being of a fat nature which they would have to be signs of Heat which thing is properly to be treated in Physics of the possession wherof although many glory hitherto have I found none who after the manner of the Mathematics compeld the assent of those that differd 46. The Animal Spirits being too much stird and mov'd may be compos'd and reduc'd to their natural and mild motion by amending or removing the Non-Natural Things occasioning too much motion that is by Changing the hot Air into a little cold by Diminishing the use of Spiritous Food and in their stead using those that may breed Phlegm a little tough by Granting rest to the weari'd Body and by Causing a mild Sleep by Anodins and when the Matter requires Narcotics by freeing the Mind from all anxious and biting solicitude and especially by resisting bitter Anger and by gaining to the Mind a pleasing tranquillity 47. Musical Sounds will mildly reduce the Spirits too much agitated to a decent and compos'd motion but Anodyns more potently and at length Narcotics us'd prudently that is by times and in a small quantity 48. The Animal Spirits turning round may be reduc'd into their order the External Causes being remov'd and Internal Causes being corrected lastly the Spirits themselvs being brought to some rest 49. Let the Sick therfore cease to look at Objects turnd round more Remote High and very Low let them cease to turn round their Body but rather let them do all their endeavour to get Sleep by Medicins often mentiond in this Chapter and elswhere prescrib'd in convenient forms 50. When the turning round and Giddiness of the Animal Spirits depends on occult Internal Causes without the noted manifest Causes then the Producing and Ascent of Vapors and Wind are to be hindred or suffocated or discussd 51. Their Production is hindred by Medicins that correct and lessen the Humors peccant in Acrimony and Glutinousness often propos'd before 52. Their Ascent is hindred chiefly by Anodyns and Narcotics often mentiond and commended 53. They may be suffocated by a liberal taking Decoctions prepar'd of more mild and grateful Aromatics 54. The same may be Discussd by Oils made by distillation of the Seeds especially that are commonly call'd and by Tinctures drawn by Infusion only of any parts of Aromatic Plants with the Rectifi'd Spirit of Wine or by a distillation following adding both Syrups and common Waters in a convenient quantity to make a more grateful tast Many of which Forms we have all over in this Book for Beginners sake 55. When the Animal Spirits with the Mind are troubled by a vain and panic Terror then as long as he is in his Senses endeavour that that Lymphatic fear so often deadly to many be turnd away by the weight of potent Reasons and Sleep anon banishing it be speedily brought by any helps and so by Narcotics themselvs for unless this be very speedily in a little time Physic will be late in preparing 56. The Animal Spirits made impure by External things will not be purifi'd unless they be remov'd seeing that the cause remaining the effect remains Remove therfore the Air any way defil'd and corrupted Food at least let the Man shun them who moreover should use Medicins amending and expessing the harm that is more or less entred into the Body 57. Where note 1. Harm receivd with the Air is more commodiously driven out by Sudorifics those taken with Food by Vomits and Purges 58. 2. Medicins that Amend may then also be profitably us'd when the mentiond Evacuations are instituted which also ought to be continu'd after these Evacuations are begun as not seldom before they are begun 59. Seeing that Volatil Salts are drawn from all the parts of Man by a light Art of which therfore I conclude they consist let it seem strange to none if I so often commend and praise Volatil mild Salts among the Medicins that Alter and Amend the deprav'd Humors of Man to which also I now deservedly attribute the first place in correcting and amending the harms by Air any way defil'd or bad Food communicated especially to the Body containd Nor doubt I but as many as now through unjust prejudice or mere petulancy blame or laugh at me so oft extolling Volatil Salts if any time they would experience how much those hâ—â—ed Salts may do to preserv and restore Mans Health that art now so hated or ridiculous to them being confus'd with shame they would blush not so much because of my words as the Gitts of God the Avenger despis'd and contemnd 60. Lastly When several Humors are ill affected by several Passions of Mind somwhat contrary together and potently agitating Man which very oft has place and so that manifold Vapors rais'd by their conflux and vitious Effervescency in the small Gut are carri'd to the Heart and Brain also and defile and make the Animal Spirits impure then 1. the immoderat Passions of Mind are to be Compos'd 2. The vitiated Humors are to be Corrected 3. The hurtful Vapors are to be Amended or Discuss'd 4. The Animal Spirits are to be Cleansd from their acquir'd Impurities And how all these ought to be obtaind is often told before where mild Volatil Salts may do very much whatsoever many Physicians noise and talk in this Belgia being ignorant of most natural things although puft up with an empty Title of Doctors and the practice of some years CHAP. XLII Of the Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nervs Deprav'd 1. THe Animal Spirits being severd from the Blood in the Brain and Cerebellum are every whither carri'd by their continu'd Marrow as it were in a Pipe into the Nervs not only to exercise the External Senses and Animal Motion but moreover at least in my conjecture yea Opinion to temper any Humors Choler Spittle the Pancreatical or Melancholic Juice or Lympha of the Conglobated Glandul's and perhaps to afford the primary Matter to generate Seed 2. This Motion of the Animal Spirits through the Nervs according to Nature if I may be Judg is Continual and Equal but Changeable and Vnequal according to the divers Diseases of the Mind 3. This Motion of the Animal Spirits is deprav'd 1. when None or Fewer Spirits are mov'd through the Nervs then is wont 2. When More then ought or was expedient 3. When they move Vnequally Inordinatly or beside and against the Will to certain or all the parts 4. I. When No Animal Spirits are carri'd to the Organs of the External Senses or Animal Motion the mentiond Functions of Seeing Smelling Hearing Tasting Touching