first sort they allow'd to be rais'd by Magistrates the other they desir'd to Farm out and that for divers Reasons 1. Because the people do by all arts and cheats endeavour to avoid the paying of these Excises that the Farmers for their own concern would be very exact and quick-sighted in the discovery of such frauds 2. These Farmers would have power enough for they would be backed by the Civil power 3. That it was of consequence for a State to know precisely its Revenues which could not be if they were not farm'd and stated That without this the State could not know how to frame designs nor what to trust to in the execution of them That thus doing that is by Farming the State would come to a better knowledge of its true Revenue for by enhancing of it every year they would at last raise it to the utmost That it would be expedient to Farm these Incomes to Citizens only for one year that so the condition of many Citizens would be better'd and they enabled to offer more to the Commonwealth 4. Lastly that there was no fear of their breaking for they would require from the Farmer such security as should secure the publick besides that they might be order'd to bring in every moneth a part of the money This opinion was followed and this way of proceeding is observed to this day and this is the way they take of Farming them out The States by Proclamation publish that such a day such Revenues are to be Farm'd and that they will let those have them that shall bid highest He that obtains it gives security immediately and such as the State may lay hold on if he fail There has been two things invented by the Farmers to hinder fraud and stealing of Custome and Excise the one is that all Porters do take every year an Oath to carry no Merchandize whatsoever into any Citizens house without giving notice to the Farmer and taking a Pass from him The second that they that are once discovered to have cheated the Farmers are soundly fin'd because that faults that may be easily committed and which are very profitable to the offenders cannot probably be hindred but by rigorous penalties CHAP. XXI Of the East and West-India Companies THis methinks is a fit occasion to speak of these powerfull Corporations for they do make a great part of the strength of these Nations and are a source of riches to them These Companies are Assemblies of particular Merchants establish'd and confirm'd by Authority in their Union By which power they may to the exclusion of all others raise Souldiers at their own charges make Leagues and Alliances with the Indian Princes and to bring home certain Commodities from the Indies which none other must vent but they Two things particularly were the cause of this Enterprize of sayling to the Indies the one was the strict prohibitions of the King of Spain forbidding the Hollanders all Trade and Commerce into Spain the only place from which those Indian Merchandizes could be fetched The other was the unreasonable Rates that the Spanish Merchants did then sell their Wares at with the exorbitant Customes that Strangers who traded with them were forced to pay Insomuch that Spain was become the only Magazine and Bank of riches in Europe having assembled all the treasures of the richest part of the world whereby they might subdue the rest There happened at this very time another accident which much contributed to the framing of this design One Cornelius Houtman a Hollander having divers years faithfully serv'd the Spaniards and Portuguesses in their navigation to the Indies was at last taken prisoner by the Negroes and not like to come out of captivity except he could pay a ransome far beyond his riches and power he in this strait implor'd the help of some Merchants of Amsterdam who redeem'd him upon condition that he should reveal to them all the secret and profit of the Spaniards navigation to the Indies By this means it came to be known that their gain was for every five or six pound a hundred One only thing did seem then most to oppose the Hollanders design and that was that it was with some regret that they did see that the Venetians Trade would now fall to the ground For whereas hitherto they had receiv'd the Merchandizes of the Indies by Persia and so over-land to the Grand Caire and did then furnish the rest of Europe with them it was easie to foresee that the Hollanders would be able to perform this Voyage by Sea with less cost But self-love together with the desire of being reveng'd of the Spaniard prevail'd against this obstacle But let us consider the first rise of this Company The first Company or Association of Merchants for at first they were not authorized as they now are by the States chose for Curators or Directors these following Henry Hudd Reynier Paw Charles de Oude Jean Poppey Henry Duick Theodore de Os Silvard Petrisein and Arnould ten Grooten Huyle These considering that the way by the Glaciall Sea though the shorter by 2000. leagues and the safer from enemies was nevertheless the more dangerous because they were not sure of a passage fitted out four Ships and sent them by the ordinary way under the conduct of Cornelius Houtman in the year 1595. But being return'd two years and four moneths after with much less profit than was expected that did not hinder them from setting out a new Fleet. And as they were busie about it they had notice that some other Merchants of Amsterdam had the same design whereupon they propos'd to them to joyn their purses which they did and made up a Fleet of eight Ships under the conduct of James van Neck At the same time there was fram'd a company at Rotterdam who undertook the way to the Indies by the Straight of Magellan and the South-Sea James Mahu undertook the Voyage But before that the Fleet of eight Sail could be come back the same Associates sent out three more and a little after return'd back four of the eight that had been sent first with a very considerable lading and much to the advantage of the Adventurers The noise of the great gains to be made this way made some other Merchants for the most part Brabancons compose another Company call'd the Brabant Company and in the year 1599. this Company sent four Ships to which the first Company added four more The Spaniards in the mean time considering the great progress of these new Enterprizes and fore-seeing the ruine of their rich Trade by them resolv'd to use all possible means to crush them while they were yet in their birth Whereupon they fitted out a Fleet of thirteen strong men of War who meeting with five Hollanders engaged them but were at last constrain'd to fly and yeeld the Hollanders the victory This check making the Spaniard sensible that strength and open force were not like to prevail they went
awe 'T is thought that the Company payes above 10000 men the places and employments are much valued and not to be come by but by the intercession of some great friend Every Summer about August there comes in an East-India Fleet of ten or twelve Ships which is esteem'd to bring in the value of above a million of gold The prohibitions that Philip King of Spain made to the Hollanders from trading in his Countrey were the cause of this Enterprize 'T is said that the Veâ—etians did counsell and further it for a design which succeeded otherwise than they expected and to their own loss The Ships that go for the Indies are of extraordinary bulk Every one that has put in a thousand pounds may be a Director and every one that has a hundred pounds there may have three hundred for it and every hundred yeelds forty and forty five sometimes more sometimes less The riches of this Company are inestimable and to go about to describe them were to desire credit to a thing which to most people would seem fabulous though they are very reall in themselves All the Channels render themselves into Lakes and they into the Sea There are two chief overtures to the Ocean the first is the mouth of the River Meuse which is at the Brill and Gâ—ree the other from Amsterdam and the Towns of North-Holland to the Texel CHAP. VI. Of the Imposts and Customes THough Holland be both naturally and by the greatness of its commerce aboundant in all things yet every thing is extream dear and that for two reasons first because of the greatness of the Consumption caus'd by the affluence of people from all parts the other because of the Excise which is upon every thing almost and which is easily supported by the Inhabitants by reason of the great gains every one is able to make in his profession These Imposts are so layed and gather'd that they are willingly payed though there be nothing free from them The Money that is thus rais'd comes to a vast summe which added to the situation of the Countrey has made all the King of Spain's endeavours vain But to shew the greatness of this Tribute I will give only this example A Cow of nine years old if it be sold for five pound will have payed above six pound to the States There is never a Dish comes to Table but has payed excise above twenty times The States seeing the necessity of having money to defend their liberties did by little and little and not all at once settle these Excises so that the people bear it chearfully enough In the time of the War every one pay'd the two hundredth penny of their Estates they only that were not worth two hundred pound principall were exempted from this contribution There are many other Imposts which may be all seen in the Second Part of this Book in the Chapter of Imposts All that is wonderfull is to consider that that very thing for the fear of which these Nations revolted from the Spaniards has been put in execution in a higher manner upon themselves by their own consent and prov'd the means of their preservation Let us now come to the description of particular Towns and let us begin by Leyden which is to the rest as the Spring is to the other seasons of the year the gayest and most pleasant Towns in other Countries are subject to the injuries of time and revolutions but here they spring up encrease and grow bigger every day This Town amongst the rest has had the good fortune to be one of the most flourishing of the Low Countreys The Ocean is on the West-side of it and within twelve miles Harlem on the North within fifteen and Amsterdam within one and twenty Utrect within thirty towards the East Delft and the Hague on the South and South-West and within nine miles distance CHAP. VII Of Leyden in Latine Lugdunum Batavorum THis Town the greatest and most pleasant that is in Europe if we consider the magnificence of its Buildings the breadth of its Streets the conveniencies of its Channels and the pleasing shade of the Trees planted on each side the Channels is situated upon the ancient River of Rhene which goes through it makes many Islands and then joyns in one bed at the white Gate It is almost in the Center of Holland and from it we will draw lines to the rest of the Cities which are as it were the circumference It is a very ancient City as appears by the Burg built either by the Romans or Saxons whence many derive the word Leyden from Legio there being there a Roman Legion in quarters The opinion of some is that it was built by an English man in the year 1050. Plutarch and Ptolomy mention it and Antonine calls it the Capital of the Germans The Burg-graves of Leyden have taken their name from this Burg which is round and high and from it one may discover all the adjacent Meadows the sandy Downs and the Sea of Harlem The ascent to it is by steps and round about it as well as within are Fruit-Trees in abundance It has about a hundred and fifty foot in compass and within these few years there has been bred up Hedges all trimm'd and cut into Labyrinths which in a short time will make it a very recreative place In the year 1121. the great Church was consecrated to St. Peter 't is one of the finest Churches in Holland having three ranks of Pillars on each side without the Quire It is said that there was a high Tower which serv'd as a Light-House to those that were at Sea and pass'd before Catvic but it fell down in the year 1509. In the year 1344. the Church dedicated to St. Pancratius was bless'd it is a stately Building so much of it as is done It is now the Church of the French and Walloons the great Scaliger lyes buried in it In the year 1573. the Spaniards having taken Harlem after a long and tedious siege went and sate down before Alcmaer but being forc'd to raise the siege of that place they came before Leyden but hearing of Count Frederick de Nassaw his coming they retir'd A little after having recruited their Army they came again under the conduct of their Generall Baldese who judging that it would be a hard matter to take the Town by force resolv'd to starve them to a surrender The Inhabitants endur'd all the extremities of famine and at last the banks that kept in the Rivers Meuse and Issel being broke on purpose by the Hollanders the Spaniards were forced to forsake their Trenches The first relief came into the Town the third of October which is still made an anniversary day of Thanksgiving Every year there is a Play made in representation of this siege which draws great numbers of people to see it and the money gather'd is given to poor Orphans In the middle of the famine a troop of Citizens being come to the door
of gold and silver and carv'd work good Hangings excellent Pictures rare Cabinets fill'd with China c. I have observ'd one thing of the Hollanders by living long amongst them which is that they do not easily give credit to such as tell strange Stories and wonderfull accidents hapned a great way off and when by their silence and postures they seem to admire it 't is then that they believe least of all what you say but they do not take pleasure in contradicting They are not given to swearing nor robbing but are tender-hearted and inclin'd to pity and will not willingly see any body wrong'd in their presence They are a little too indulgent to their Children and are punished for it for many of them rebell against their Parents and at last go away to the Indies the ordinary vent of these Provinces When any body tells them of their fondness to their Children they presently say Does any body spoil their own Face or cut off their own Nose They are very laborious and industrious and in the name of liberty and profit undertake any thing They love familiarity and are much taken with people that being of great quality do not refuse to eat and drink with them Prince William the first Prince of Orange won their hearts with that popular way and did the King of Spain more mischief by it than if he had been at the head of an Army against him They despise and undervalue proud people and to please them you must conform to their humour They are very free and open apparently but are indeed alwayes upon their guard They hate cheats and are seldome deceiv'd twice Those amongst them that are descended from Strangers do retain something of their first origine and are a good while before they become right Hollanders We have spoke already of their Diet but this is only to be added that Trade having brought riches sumptuosity has followed so that the Hague may be call'd a compendium of the most glorious Courts in Chrystendome and Amsterdam the magazine of all that 's precious in Europe CHAP. V. Of the Trade of the Hollanders and the wayes of getting a Livelyhood IT is an ordinary saying in Holland that He that will work can never want and it is a very true one for there are so many Trades kept going by their great commerce that no body can want work All Arts are here exercised and experience shews that Manufactures are better made here than in the other Provinces All turns to account here and even they that make clean the Kennals with an Iron and Nets at the end of it to bring up the ordure may earn half a Crown a day if they will work hard Children as so on as they are bound Apprentice get their own bread Amongst the Countrey people some make Butter and Cheese others cut up Turfs every Market-day they bring their Milk and Butter and Whey to Town which the Tradesmen and Journeymen live most upon Among the Citizens some put out their Money and live upon the interest others trade with it and are call'd Merchants Their chief Commodities are Butter and Cheese and Cloth and many other Manufactures as we shall see in the Description of Leyden The situation of this noble Province is such as if Nature intended it for the generall Mart of Europe for it has the neighbourhood of the Sea and is it self full of navigable Lakes Rivers Channels all which are night and day loaded with Boats and Passengers Many Channels have been made since the publication of the peace with Spain as that from Leyden to Harlem and from Amsterdam to Goude which is call'd Trech-Schâ—iteâ— because there the Boats are drawn by Horses that so they may come in at set-times The said Channels are made with the greatest ease that can be for as soon as you have digg'd three or four foot you meet with the water The Herring-Fishing is properly the golden Mines of this Countrey by the great revenue it brings yearly to it It is a hard matter to say how many thousands of men are kept by it for besides those that go to Sea who are a great number there are employed as many more in making of Boats and Barrels to pickle them up in Every Summer in June there sets out a Fleet of Fishermen from the Meuse they call them Busses They cast their Nets near the English Coast upon Midsummer-Eve according to the ancient custome they pickle them up in Barrels and serve all the rest of the world with them the last Fishing is most valued and the Herrings of that Fishing are all carried abroad Ten dayes after Midsummer they may sell them publickly but not before then many go up and down crying Fresh Herring which are esteem'd as a dainty by every body The name of the man that first invented the way of pickleing them deserves to be known it was William Bueckeld and he died at Bieverliet in the year 1347. Charles the fifth Emperor went one day to see his Tomb in acknowledgment of the service he had done his Countrey The Merchants do every day encrease their Trade by making Societies and Companies and setting out men of War at their own charges to protect their Ships home They never want Seamen for the Hollanders do delight in going to Sea nay I have heard many of them say that they could never enjoy their health but at Sea There are many of these Companies as that of Moscovy for Furrs Skins and Rye that of Island and Groenland for the fishing of Whales but the chiefest of all and who with Force and Arms drive a prodigious Trade are the East and West-India Companies who have a Patent from the States The West-India Company had made great profit by the taking of the Baia de â—odos lâ—s sanctos and of the Silver Fleet which Jason Peter Hain brought into Holland in the year 1629. which also was the cause of the taking of Bosleduke from the Spaniards The taking of Fernambuco did likewise give hopes of conquering the rest of Brasil but after the depart of the noble Count Morice of Nassaw the Negroes and Portugueses joyning together revolted and reduced the Company to great extremities since it has suffer'd another defeat which has almost made an end of ruining it It has often been proposed to unite it with the East-India Company but all in vain for the one is too high and rich and the other too poor The East-India Company has its principall Seat at Amsterdam 'T is this Company that has Kings and Kingdomes tributary to it and depending upon it 'T is this Company that makes the Hollanders name famous in the remotest parts of the Earth and triumphs over the riches of the Orient bringing home Pearls Diamonds Gold all sorts of Aromatick Druggs c. Besides Batavia the principall Town the Company has a great number of strong Forts well in order to protect their Merchants terrifie Strangers and keep the Indians in
was Daughter of William the Good and Wife to Lewis of Bavaria Emperour She came with a great retinue into Holland and having took possession gave the Government to her Son William reserving for her self a Pension every year She sold all the Estates the Frizelanders had in Holland to revenge her Brothers death She died in the year 1355. and in her ended the House of Hainant CHAP. IV. The House of Bavaria William of Bavaria the Twenty fifth VVIlliam the fifth Duke of Bavaria and Son to the Empress Margaret govern'd three years and had no Children by his Wife who was of the House of Lancaster He ran mad and kill'd a Gentleman of great quality whereupon his Subjects gave him a Guardian who was Albert the Twenty sixth Albert his Brother govern'd as Guardian for the space of thirty years after which time the right fell to him and he reign'd sixteen more He had by his first Wife William Albert and John afterwards Bishop of Leege Katherine Dutchess of Gueldres Mary of Burgundy Jane of Austria and Jane Queen of Bohemia In second marriage he took the Daughter of the Duke of Cleves The Frizelanders felt the effects of his just anger William the Twenty seventh William the sixth Son to Albert was twice married first to the Daughter of Charles King of France who died without issue secondly to the Daughter of Philip the bold Duke of Brabant by whom he had a Daughter call'd Jacqueline He made War with the Duke of Gueldres but after he made not only peace but friendship with him A little before he died he made an assembly of the States in which his Daughter was by common consent proclaim'd his Heiress He died in the same year which was the thirteenth of his Reign Jacqueline the Twenty eighth Jacqueline being sixteen years old was married to the Dolphin of France Son to Charles the sixth who died the first year of their marriage and left her at liberty to marry John Son to the Duke of Brabant but this marriage being void by reason of the proximity of blood they being Cousin-germans before the cause could be decided at Rome she went into England and there was married anew to Humphrey Duke of Gloucester Brother to King Henry but this marriage being likewise made void by the Pope she married Francis de Borsales who was taken prisoner by the Duke of Burgundy In her time there were many civil Wars and by her death her State fell to Philip of Burgundy and in her ended the House of Bavaria CHAP. V. The House of Burgundy Philip the Good the Twenty ninth PHilip of Burgundy Son to John of Burgundy and Margaret Daughter of Albert Duke of Bavaria added this noble accession to his Dutchy He had three Wives the first Michelle Daughter to Charles the sixth King of France who died without Children His second was Claudina Daughter to Robert Earl of Heu who was also barren His third was Isabelle of Portugal by whom he had three Sons who died young and the fourth nam'd Charles Earl of Charoloâ—â— lived He govern'd thirty four years he was a vertuous witty Prince One day some body telling him that the inhabitants of Gâ—â—nt did much court his Son Charles he answer'd that they were much given to love their Masters Son but that they would hate him when he should be their Master He receiv'd some injury from the King of England and in revenge besieged Calais with a prodigious Army but the inhabitants of Ghent and Bruges forsaking his Army because he did not act according to their hasty expectations were the ruine of his design This Prince was the first that instituted at the Hague the Order of the Golden Fleece and it has been since transferr'd to the House of Austria His ordinary stay was at Bruges in Flanders where he died Charles Earl of Charolois the Thirtieth Charles sirnamed the Warrier succeeded to his Father By his first Wife Katherine of France he had no Children but by his second Elizabeth of Bourbon he had the Princess Mary War was this Princes inclination which he begun against the King of France Lewis the eleventh He chastized the inhabitants of Liege and caused the Town to be laid waste He was still out-witted by Lewis though he were assisted by the Constable de St. Paul whom Lewis beheaded He drove the Duke of Larrain out of his Countrey who recover'd it again by the assistance of the Swissers against whom by his fault he lost a great Battle and in the hopes of revenge having engaged them with a new Army he lost above sixteen thousand men And at last his ill fortune still pursuing him he went to besiege Nancy and was there betrayed by an Italian whom he loved and trusted too much his Army defeated and himself kill'd upon the place It is thought that his design was to have extended his Dominions as far as Italy by Lorrain and the Swissers and that he had often desir'd the Emperour to erect his States into a Kingdome Never Prince was more courted by forreign Powers than he for he had one only Daughter extream handsome and who was to inherit all his Dominions he promis'd her to none but gave fair words to all His death was much resented by his Subjects and hardly beleev'd by the Hollanders Lewis King of France was very glad of his death for he stood much in awe of his power and 't is thought that he prevailed with money upon this Italian to betray him Mary Countess of Charolois Dutchess of Burgundy and Countess of Holland the Thirty first The loss of this great Warriour brought a great consternation amongst his people and made them assemble the generall States at Louvain to take care for the safety of those Provinces and their Mistress This young Lady was then about fourteen years old when the tragick news of her Fathers death reach'd her ears The Emperour Ferdinand did desire her for his Son Maximilian and Lewis of France for his Dolphin Charles and it seem'd that the Ladies inclinations were more inclin'd o the French but they too hasty to seize the prey having entred Artois with an Army the States gave her to Maximilian the Emperours Son the Countess of Meguen her Governant having boldly said that the Princess was of age to bear a man and therefore they should not give her a childe such as the Dolphin of France was The French upon this marriage were so incensed that they laid wast all the Countrey of Artois and from thence fell upon Hainaut They tryed also to annoy these Provinces by Sea but were beaten by the Hollanders This excellent Lady having liv'd some years in admirable union with her Husband fell one day as she was a hunting and broke two ribbs whereupon a Feaver citing her she died in the year 1482. She left a Son call'd Philip and Margaret her Daughter CHAP. VI. The House of Austria Maximilian the Thirty second THis Imperiall Prince having married the Princess Mary at
shall be left to the course of the Law 21. There shall be fram'd a Court of equall number of Commissioners on both sides who shall sit in such places in the Low-Countries as shall be thought fit sometimes under the obedience of one and sometimes under the obedience of the other State as it shall be agreed by common consent and according to their Commission which they shall be sworn to observe they shall take care to maintain a good correspondency on both sides shall also have a regard to the Taxes and Impositions laid on both sides upon Merchandize and if they perceive that on either side there be excess committed they shall immediately redress it Besides the said Judges shall examine all questions touching the non-observancce of this Treaty of peace as also the contraventions or failings against it not only here but in distant Provinces and Kingdomes of Europe and shall decide them by a short way The Sentences and Decrees of which Judges shall be put in execution by all under-Officers living upon the places against the person of the transgressors as necessity shall require and the said subordinate Officers may by no means fail in this at their perill 22. If any Judgement or Decree should pass between persons of different parties either in civill or criminall matters they shall not be put in execution neither against the Goods nor against the persons of the said parties and no Letters of Reprizall shall be granted but with cognizance of cause and according to the Imperiall Constitutions and the Order by them establish'd 23. It shall not be free to enter or stay in the Harbours Ports Bayes and Rodes of each other with men of War or arm'd Ships in such numbers as may give occasion of jealousie to any without the leave and permission of that State to whom the said Ports c. do belong except in case of a storm or that there were some other necessity of avoiding danger at Sea 24. They whose Estates have been seized upon and confiscated by reason of the War or their Heirs Executors c. shall enjoy the said Estates and may enter into possession of them by their own authority by vertue of this present Treaty notwithstanding all Alienations Incorporations into the publick Treasury Gifts Treaties Agreements and Transactions whatsoever though they contain Renunciations of the parties to whom the said Estates do belong And all such Estates once restored may be sold by the Proprietors their Heirs c. without a necessity of a further or more particular leave And in consequence of this the Proprietaries of such Rents as shall be constituted by the Treasury in lieu of the said Estates thus sold may dispose of the propriety they have in them by Sale or otherwise as of any part of their Estate 25. This shall take place to the profit of the Heirs of the deceased Illustrious Prince William Prince of Orange even for the right they have in the salt-Wells of the County of Burgundy which shall be restored to them as also the Woods that do depend on them that is so much as shall not be found to have been bought and payed for by his Catholick Majesty 26. In which are also comprized the Estate and Lands lying in the Counties of Burgundy and Charolois and all which has not been restor'd as it ought to have been by the Treaties of the ninth of April 1609. and the seventh of January 1610. These I say shall be restor'd to the Proprietaries their Heirs c. 27. As also are hereby understood such Lands and Rights as after the expiration of the Truce of 12. years were by sentence of the Council of Malines judged in favour of the Count John de Nassaw which Sentence by vertue of this Treaty is made void and any other acquisition of possession is also annull'd 28. And as for the Suit in Law about Castle Beliu begun in the life of the late Prince of Orange against the Attorney-Generall of the King of Spain Since the said Cause has not been determined in the time of a year as it was promis'd by the fourteenth Article of the Truce for 12. years it has been agreed that immediately after the conclusion and ratification of the present Treaty the Treasury shall desist from all demands touching the said Suit in Law and that the Prince of Orange and his Heirs shall freely enjoy without molestation the Lands and Chattels in question as his own for ever upon condition likewise that the Treasury shall not be forced to refund for the past possession of them 29. If in any place there arise difficulties touching the restitution of Land and Rights the Judge of the place shall without delay cause the execution and in this shall proceed the shortest way work 30. The Subjects of the said King and States may reciprocally in the Dominions of each use such Lawyers Attorneys Sollicitors c. as they shall think fit 31. If the Treasury has caus'd any confiscated Estates to be sold those persons to whom they belong shall be content to receive the payment of them at 16. years purchase to be payd them every year or else they shall have liberty to distrain upon the Land in what hands soever they finde it Provided they have Patents from the 〈◊〉 to serve them for a title with the Assignation of the annuall payment upon some receiver of the Kings Revenue in that Province in which the thing shall have been sold which receiver shall also be nam'd in the Patent and the price of the thing sold calculated and summ'd up according to the first publick sale of it the first year of which payment shall end a year after the ratification of this present Treaty 32. But if the sale was made for good and lawfull Debts of those to whom the said Estates did belong before the confiscation it shall be lawfull for them or their Heirs to redeem the said Estates paying the price of them in a year after which time they shall be excluded from this priviledge but having once redeem'd they may sell and dispose of such Estates as they please 33. Yet under this are not understood such Houses as have been sold in Towns for by reason of the many changes and reparations made in them it would be too hard a matter to settle and determine their just value 34. And as for all reparations and improvements made in all other redeem'd Estates the Judges shall examine them and have a regard to them yet shall it not be lawfull for the possessors to retain those Estates till they be re-imbursed but such Estates shall be bound and morgaged for their payment 35. All Estates Claims Rights c. that have been kept hidden all Moveables Immoveables Rents Actions Debts c. which shall not have been seized upon by the Treasury with good cognizance of cause before the day of the ratification of this Treaty shall remain in the free disposition of the Proprietaries their Heirs