Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bring_v	good_a	tree_n	1,517	5	8.6085	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49545	Plain and full instructions to raise all sorts of fruit-trees that prosper in England in that method and order, that everything must be done in, to give all the advantage, may be, to every tree as it is rising from its seed, till it come to its full growth : together with all necessary directions about those several ways of making plantations, either of wall-fruit, or dwarf-trees in gardens, or large standard-trees in orchards or fields : touching which last, because it's so vast in improvement of land, all the profitable and practical ways are here directed to with all exactness : and in the last place the best directions are given for making liquors of the several sorts of fruit / by T. Langford.	Langford, T.	1681 (1681)	Wing L388; ESTC R13964	68,292	176

likelihood_n lose_v at_o last_o but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o raise_v a_o good_a new_a fence_n about_o a_o field_n he_o design_n to_o enclose_v which_o he_o can_v keep_v for_o four_o or_o five_o year_n together_o to_o bear_v corn_n or_o clover-grass_n to_o mow_v that_o cattle_n may_v be_v so_o long_o keep_v out_o of_o it_o he_o may_v do_v it_o rare_o well_o by_o sow_v apple-kernel_n of_o as_o many_o sort_n as_o he_o will_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o new_a make_v ditch-bank_n make_v the_o dead_a hedge_n that_o be_v usual_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ditch_n to_o defend_v they_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o he_o may_v plash_n this_o hedge_n leave_v at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o yard_n distance_n one_o of_o the_o best_a tree_n to_o grow_v up_o which_o of_o themselves_o will_v bear_v good_a cyder-fruit_n or_o may_v be_v graff_v to_o bear_v what_o please_v the_o owner_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n and_o with_o small_a charge_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o fruitbearing_a and_o impregnable_a hedge_n kernel_n of_o the_o pith_n and_o kernel_n sect._n 7._o it_o be_v hold_v by_o some_o that_o the_o kernel_n of_o the_o fruit_n have_v a_o great_a dependence_n upon_o and_o sympathy_n with_o the_o pith_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o that_o hollow-tree_n though_o they_o grow_v and_o bear_v fruit_n yet_o that_o fruit_n have_v few_o kernel_n in_o it_o and_o those_o little_a better_o than_o wither_a husk_n when_o i_o be_v a_o young_a planter_n i_o be_v once_o in_o want_n of_o pear-stock_n and_o make_v my_o complaint_n to_o a_o ancient_a practiser_n a_o man_n of_o very_o good_a judgement_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o know_v he_o and_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v oft_o sow_v kernel_n of_o pear_n and_o never_o can_v get_v any_o to_o grow_v yet_o i_o procure_v some_o seed_n of_o pear_n from_o the_o mill_n that_o be_v very_o ripe_a and_o have_v stock_n enough_o from_o they_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v my_o friend_n take_v his_o kernel_n from_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v hollow-hearted_a as_o pear-tree_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o be_v than_o any_o other_o fruit-tree_n i_o mention_v this_o the_o rather_o because_o if_o a_o planter_n try_v any_o thing_n but_o once_o and_o fail_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v discourage_v and_o particular_o in_o this_o but_o if_o he_o can_v get_v ripe_a seed_n which_o will_v be_v then_o very_a black_a and_o of_o a_o sound_a tree_n he_o need_v not_o doubt_v the_o success_n and_o to_o have_v plenty_n of_o stock_n such_o as_o be_v best_a for_o large_a standard_n for_o orchard_n or_o field_n there_o be_v no_o better_a way_n of_o raise_v they_o than_o by_o kernel_n with_o which_o a_o man_n can_v no_o way_n be_v plentiful_o and_o easy_o provide_v but_o at_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o make_v perry_n though_o he_o do_v send_v some_o mile_n for_o they_o i_o shall_v end_v this_o chapter_n with_o this_o one_o observation_n more_o not_o unsuitable_a to_o what_o go_v before_o and_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o verify_v more_o than_o once_o or_o twice_o in_o my_o own_o experience_n that_o there_o be_v some_o hollow_a fruit-tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n so_o much_o more_o excellent_a than_o any_o of_o the_o same_o kind_a the_o owner_n have_v have_v or_o can_v elsewhere_o meet_v with_o that_o they_o have_v be_v very_o desirous_a to_o propagate_v from_o they_o but_o never_o can_v any_o manner_n of_o way_n raise_v young_a one_o of_o those_o old_a tree_n that_o will_v bear_v so_o good_a a_o fruit_n which_o seem_v to_o infer_v that_o the_o fruit_n of_o a_o tree_n may_v be_v the_o better_a for_o the_o pith_n be_v consume_v and_o if_o that_o be_v true_a it_o must_v be_v so_o because_o the_o pith_n convey_v to_o the_o fruit_n a_o worse_a sort_n of_o juice_n than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n do_v and_o therefore_o be_v free_v from_o that_o infection_n by_o the_o consumption_n of_o the_o pith_n the_o fruit_n become_v more_o choice_n and_o delicate_a and_o that_o the_o pith_n be_v the_o conveyance_n of_o a_o courser_n or_o other_o sort_n of_o juice_n be_v render_v in_o some_o sort_n probable_a because_o as_o have_v be_v before_o observe_v the_o kernel_n of_o fruit_n depend_v much_o upon_o the_o pith_n which_o almost_o never_o produce_v such_o good_a fruit_n as_o they_o come_v out_o of_o and_o general_o much_o worse_a chap._n iii_o of_o transplant_n the_o seedling_n seeding_n of_o remove_v seeding_n sect_n 1._o in_o october_n after_o one_o summer_n growth_n in_o the_o seed-plot_n you_o ought_v to_o draw_v up_o with_o your_o hand_n such_o of_o your_o crab_n apple_n or_o pear-seedlings_a as_o you_o sin_v grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n as_o for_o those_o from_o stone_n they_o need_v not_o be_v remove_v but_o inoculate_v in_o the_o seminary_n the_o stone_n be_v set_v at_o the_o distance_n aforesaid_a when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o cut_v off_o the_o side-sprigg_n from_o about_o the_o top_n and_o the_o string_n from_o about_o the_o root_n and_o snip_n off_o the_o extremity_n both_o of_o the_o top_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v too_o fast_o upward_a but_o the_o body_n may_v grow_v in_o bigness_n and_o of_o the_o tap_n or_o heart-root_n that_o it_o may_v not_o run_v direct_o downward_o lest_o it_o run_v further_a than_o the_o good_a soil_n but_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o spread_v its_o root_n in_o breadth_n have_v bed_n ready_o prepare_v of_o good_a fertile_a dry_a earth_n not_o over_o rich_a lest_o upon_o removal_n afterward_o into_o a_o much_o worse_a soil_n as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n orchard_n and_o field_n ground_n be_v your_o tree_n come_v of_o a_o sudden_a from_o such_o delicate_a food_n to_o such_o course_n fare_v pine_v away_o if_o they_o do_v not_o perish_v and_o this_o be_v but_o reasonable_o think_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o tree_n buy_v out_o of_o london_n nursery_n which_o be_v vast_o deep_a with_o fat_a and_o rich_a manure_n decay_n or_o come_v on_o very_o poor_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o country_n therefore_o upon_o every_o removal_n endeavour_v to_o have_v earth_n as_o good_a or_o better_a to_o place_n next_o the_o root_n than_o that_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v take_v if_o any_o of_o these_o spring_n upright_o top_v they_o early_o it_o will_v make_v they_o grow_v big_a body_v and_o so_o become_v soon_o ready_a for_o graft_n they_o of_o save_v they_o sect._n 2._o let_v every_o bed_n you_o make_v for_o set_v these_o plant_n in_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n broad_a leave_v room_n betwixt_o each_o bed_n to_o walk_v and_o work_v about_o they_o without_o prejudice_v the_o plant_n set_v two_o row_n a_o foot_n or_o more_o distant_a each_o from_o other_o on_o every_o bed_n by_o draw_v a_o line_n and_o prick_a hole_n a_o full_a foot_n asunder_o let_v the_o hole_n be_v so_o deep_a that_o if_o the_o root_n be_v not_o very_o long_o you_o may_v set_v your_o plant_n at_o least_o two_o singer_n breadth_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n than_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o seed-plot_n close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dry_a time_n water_n they_o the_o same_o day_n the_o better_a to_o settle_v the_o earth_n about_o they_o if_o you_o can_v get_v old_a fearn_n in_o some_o place_n call_v also_o brake_n or_o for_o want_n of_o it_o straw_n or_o new_a dung_n cover_v the_o bed_n with_o it_o which_o will_v keep_v the_o root_n warm_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o preserve_v they_o from_o overmuch_a heat_n in_o the_o summer_n if_o the_o land_n be_v any_o whit_n stiff_a this_o cover_n will_v make_v it_o mellow_a and_o when_o rot_a enrich_v it_o and_o very_o much_o hinder_v the_o growth_n of_o weed_n which_o ought_v due_o to_o be_v pluck_v up_o and_o put_v new_a fearn_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o old_a rot_n they_o of_o dress_v they_o sect._n 3_o those_o of_o your_o plant_n which_o be_v not_o grow_v above_o a_o foot_n in_o height_n you_o may_v let_v remain_v in_o your_o seed-plot_n till_o another_o year_n if_o you_o intend_v to_o raise_v any_o stock_n to_o be_v set_v out_o in_o field_n before_o they_o be_v graff_v you_o need_v not_o top_v they_o upon_o their_o first_o removal_n neither_o need_v you_o remove_v they_o till_o they_o be_v grow_v high_a enough_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o field_n if_o you_o find_v that_o they_o spread_v their_o root_n and_o run_v not_o downward_o as_o in_o gravelly_a and_o such_o kind_n of_o soil_n they_o will_v not_o be_v apt_a to_o do_v and_o by_o the_o first_o you_o draw_v up_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o rest_n whether_o they_o do_v or_o no_o if_o you_o reserve_v any_o for_o this_o use_n you_o have_v best_o choose_v such_o as_o grow_v straight_o

grow_v more_o early_o and_o by_o shade_n in_o the_o summer_n preserve_v it_o from_o burn_v but_o the_o tree_n be_v set_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n the_o land_n may_v continue_v sit_v for_o my_o purpose_n for_o ever_o if_o you_o dress_v or_o prune_v these_o tree_n high_a up_o than_o any_o other_o that_o no_o bough_n may_v hang_v in_o the_o reach_n of_o cattle_n and_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o go_v about_o they_o with_o your_o team_n to_o any_o work_n and_o thereby_o the_o air_n and_o rain_n will_v have_v free_a access_n to_o the_o grass_n or_o grain_n near_o about_o they_o and_o the_o fruit_n will_v be_v safe_a from_o common_a pilferer_n these_o need_v no_o other_o fence_v than_o thorn_n bind_v about_o they_o and_o a_o stake_n drive_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o shake_v because_o you_o may_v receive_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o stubble_n or_o fallow_a without_o suffer_v any_o large_a cattle_n that_o will_v browse_v upon_o they_o to_o come_v into_o the_o ground_n sect._n 4._o walk_n ii_o walk_n another_o way_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n in_o field_n be_v by_o set_a walk_n of_o they_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n or_o along_o the_o side_n of_o your_o pasture_n ground_n where_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v walk_n for_o ornament_n for_o why_o we_o shall_v not_o plant_v fruit-tree_n for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o sycomore_n ash-tree_n etc._n etc._n i_o know_v not_o there_o be_v some_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n that_o will_v and_o almost_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v order_v by_o prune_v so_o as_o to_o grow_v very_o handsome_a in_o shape_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o sweet_a smell_n of_o the_o blossom_n and_o worth_a of_o the_o fruit_n to_o prevent_v damage_n by_o cattle_n fence_v of_o fence_v if_o you_o go_v this_o way_n to_o work_v in_o field-planting_a they_o must_v be_v well_o grow_v before_o you_o set_v they_o that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v of_o about_o six_o year_n growth_n and_o then_o well_o fence_v and_o there_o be_v two_o way_n use_v to_o save_v they_o harmless_a tump_v by_o tump_v 1._o one_o much_o commend_v be_v by_o tump_v they_o and_o it_o be_v perform_v thus_o set_v your_o tree_n in_o the_o place_n design_v almost_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n no_o deep_a than_o to_o make_v it_o stand_v though_o all_o the_o root_n be_v not_o cover_v till_o the_o tump_n or_o mound_n be_v raise_v about_o it_o and_o then_o take_v a_o line_n about_o a_o yard_n and_o quarter_n long_o tie_v the_o one_o end_n of_o it_o about_o the_o tree_n but_o so_o that_o in_o go_v round_o the_o tree_n with_o the_o line_n strain_v it_o may_v slip_v about_o the_o tree_n as_o you_o go_v fasten_v the_o other_o end_n to_o a_o iron_n setter_n or_o stick_v with_o a_o sharp_a point_n and_o as_o you_o go_v round_o the_o tree_n mark_v the_o ground_n make_v then_o a_o ditch_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o round_a score_n and_o lay_v the_o turf_n handsome_o two_o or_o three_o height_n with_o the_o grass_n side_n outward_a so_o as_o to_o make_v the_o work_n full_a half_n a_o yard_n high_a cast_v the_o mould_n out_o of_o the_o ditch_n observe_v to_o throw_v the_o best_a of_o it_o next_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n till_o you_o have_v raise_v it_o within_o as_o high_a as_o the_o turf_n then_o prick_v strong_a thorn_n into_o the_o mould_n that_o they_o may_v lie_v upon_o the_o turf_n and_o point_n outward_o a_o yard_n over_o the_o turf_n as_o you_o place_v the_o thorn_n put_v more_o turf_n or_o fast_o heavy_a earth_n out_o of_o the_o ditch_n upon_o the_o end_n of_o they_o tread_v it_o down_o the_o better_a to_o six_o they_o and_o lay_v the_o earth_n shelve_v down_o from_o the_o turf_n towards_o the_o tree_n that_o if_o rain_v fall_v it_o may_v soak_v towards_o the_o root_n if_o you_o have_v any_o small_a thorn_n brier_n fur_n or_o gorst_a lay_v it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o work_n finish_v round_o the_o tree_n and_o repair_v all_o yearly_a as_o you_o see_v cause_n which_o may_v be_v do_v with_o small_a trouble_n the_o great_a convenience_n of_o this_o way_n of_o set_v fruit-tree_n will_v appear_v in_o these_o follow_a observation_n therein_o advantage_n therein_o 1._o if_o your_o land_n be_v over_o moist_a this_o ditch_n will_v drain_v all_o wet_a from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o the_o land_n be_v clay_n or_o such_o that_o water_n will_v stand_v in_o then_o when_o you_o perceive_v it_o which_o be_v very_o rare_o cut_v some_o little_a notch_n or_o trench_n to_o let_v it_o out_o 2._o this_o way_n of_o set_v be_v commend_v in_o dry_a land_n because_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mound_n will_v secure_v the_o root_n from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o every_o shower_n of_o rain_n will_v much_o refresh_v it_o by_o soak_v towards_o the_o tree_n 3._o you_o need_v not_o bind_v your_o tree_n to_o a_o stake_n which_o do_v often_o gall_n and_o hurt_v the_o tree_n for_o so_o much_o earth_n about_o it_o will_v keep_v it_o steady_a 4._o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a or_o strong_a old_a land_n the_o mound_n make_v of_o it_o will_v mellow_v and_o improve_v about_o the_o root_n and_o also_o by_o that_o time_n the_o root_n spread_v as_o far_o as_o the_o ditch_n it_o will_v be_v fill_v up_o with_o mould_n fall_v from_o the_o tump_n and_o with_o stick_n leaf_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v be_v rot_v loose_a and_o good_a for_o tree_n to_o root_n in_o and_o by_o that_o time_n they_o will_v need_v little_a or_o no_o defence_n if_o any_o at_o all_o a_o few_o thorn_n tie_v about_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o keep_v cattle_n from_o rub_v against_o they_o will_v be_v enough_o 5._o the_o chief_a benefit_n of_o set_v tree_n thus_o be_v that_o where_o the_o soil_n be_v somewhat_o too_o moist_a or_o shallow_a the_o tree_n be_v set_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o land_n will_v put_v forth_o its_o root_n plentiful_o into_o the_o earth_n cast_v up_o and_o thence_o shoot_v into_o the_o upper_a turf_n and_o best_a land_n that_o have_v be_v plough_v and_o manure_v before_o 2._o the_o second_o way_n of_o fence_v be_v pa●ing_v by_o pa●ing_v by_o erect_v at_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o about_o every_o tree_n three_o small_a post_n if_o they_o be_v saw_v they_o need_v be_v but_o three_o inch_n square_a or_o you_o may_v use_v pole_n or_o straight_a bough_n either_o whole_a or_o if_o big_a enough_o cleave_v in_o two_o three_o or_o four_o part_n about_o five_o foot_n above_o the_o ground_n in_o height_n be_v drive_v into_o the_o ground_n nail_v a_o cross-bar_n of_o wood_n from_o each_o to_o other_o within_o a_o hand_n breadth_n of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o post_n to_o which_o bar_n nail_n a_o pale_a or_o two_o betwixt_o each_o two_o post_n stick_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o nail_v to_o the_o like_a cross_a bar_n within_o a_o foot_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o post_n the_o way_n of_o it_o may_v be_v see_v now_o in_o diverse_a place_n and_o learn_v in_o a_o minute_n but_o i_o think_v what_o be_v here_o say_v make_v it_o plain_a enough_o requisite_a where_o it_o be_v requisite_a this_o be_v more_o chargeable_a than_o tump_v where_o timber_n be_v scarce_o but_o much_o more_o durable_a than_o it_o and_o absolute_o necessary_a where_o deer_n or_o rabbit_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o peel_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n come_v into_o the_o land_n plant_v hedge_n iii_o by_o plant_v near_o hedge_n sect._n 5._o another_o way_n of_o plant_v in_o field_n which_o i_o have_v practise_v successful_o be_v thus_o when_o you_o scour_v a_o ditch_n and_o cut_v down_o or_o plash_n a_o old_a quick-hedg_n than_o set_v a_o row_n of_o tree_n within_o a_o yard_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v not_o ditcht_v and_o fence_v they_o with_o half_a round_a tump_n only_o on_o the_o one_o side_n for_o the_o hedge_n will_v secure_v they_o on_o the_o other_o and_o from_o the_o cut_n or_o plash_v hedge_n you_o will_v common_o have_v thorn_n and_o brier_n enough_o for_o the_o mound_n to_o fence_v it_o as_o have_v be_v before_o direct_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o in_o summer_n draw_v some_o of_o the_o quick_a thorn_n hip_n or_o brier_n from_o the_o hedge_n into_o the_o fence_n about_o the_o tump_n which_o will_v contribute_v to_o the_o strengthen_n and_o preserve_v the_o dead_a fence_n you_o have_v make_v about_o it_o before_o so_o that_o you_o may_v be_v free_a from_o trouble_n about_o it_o for_o ever_o after_o there_o be_v these_o advantage_n in_o this_o way_n of_o plant_v 1._o the_o ditch_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o hedge_n hereby_o benefit_n hereby_o drain_v the_o ground_n and_o make_v it_o healthful_a 2._o the_o ground_n near_o the_o hedge_n be_v common_o

in_o the_o cleft_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o grow_v all_o of_o they_o nor_o to_o make_v so_o great_a a_o growth_n as_o those_o in_o the_o bark_n b●●…_n in_o the_o b●●…_n which_o with_o a_o little_a wariness_n may_v be_v preserve_v from_o danger_n of_o wind_n and_o full_a as_o much_o care_n must_v be_v have_v about_o those_o graffed_a in_o the_o cleave_a if_o you_o will_v preserve_v they_o all_o from_o the_o same_o prejudice_n observe_v 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v observe_v i_o have_v be_v use_v to_o observe_v the_o follow_a difference_n in_o graft_n these_o great_a bough_n from_o all_o the_o forementioned_a variety_n of_o graft_n and_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n well_o worthy_a to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o observe_v 〈…〉_o in_o s●itting_v 〈…〉_o when_o you_o have_v prepare_v the_o cyen_v as_o you_o be_v direct_v to_o do_v when_o you_o graft_v in_o the_o bark_n apply_v it_o to_o the_o place_n you_o design_n to_o put_v it_o in_o and_o slit_v the_o bark_n of_o the_o bough_n through_o on_o both_o side_n the_o cyen_v close_o to_o it_o beginning_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o not_o carry_v the_o slit_v much_o above_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o slope_n of_o the_o cyen_n separate_v that_o little_a portion_n of_o the_o bark_n between_o the_o two_o slit_n from_o the_o wood_n with_o your_o instrument_n thrust_v it_o a_o little_a low_o than_o the_o slit_n to_o let_v in_o the_o cyen_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v slope_v and_o then_o stick_v the_o cyen_v in_o have_v first_o take_v off_o from_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cyen_v any_o unevenness_n not_o cut_v through_o the_o bark_n that_o all_o may_v the_o better_o sit_v together_o and_o you_o may_v put_v in_o two_o three_o or_o four_o cyen_n in_o every_o head_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o or_o you_o may_v in_o the_o big_a put_v in_o two_o cyen_n in_o the_o cleave_a and_o two_o other_o in_o the_o bark_n do_v one_o of_o the_o late_a on_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o for_o then_o the_o wind_n blow_v it_o towards_o the_o head_n be_v not_o so_o apt_a to_o break_v it_o out_o as_o if_o it_o drive_v it_o from_o the_o head_n bound_v the_o head_n and_o clay_n they_o as_o you_o hear_v before_o and_o continue_v so_o to_o do_v yearly_a till_o the_o head_n be_v almost_o cover_v injure_v of_o preserve_v they_o f●om_o injure_v at_o the_o first_o clay_v stick_v in_o feather_n or_o long_o escure_v to_o prevent_v bird_n light_v on_o the_o cyens_n in_o july_n follow_v whether_o you_o graft_v these_o big_a stock_n in_o the_o cleave_a or_o bark_n pick_v off_o most_o of_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o cyens_n and_o cut_v off_o such_o sprig_n as_o grow_v inward_a will_v make_v the_o head_n thick_a and_o all_o stragle_a out-bough_n that_o the_o wind_n may_v not_o have_v so_o much_o force_n upon_o they_o to_o break_v the_o branch_n out_o of_o the_o stock_n 〈…〉_o of_o 〈…〉_o cut_a off_o also_o some_o of_o the_o big_a shoot_v the_o crabtree_n put_v forth_o of_o its_o own_o kind_n but_o for_o the_o first_o three_o year_n you_o must_v not_o cut_v off_o all_o lest_o the_o tree_n not_o have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v all_o the_o sap_n that_o come_v up_o furfeit_n and_o die_v the_o small_a graff_n not_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v near_o so_o much_o sap_n as_o the_o old_a top_n do_v the_o year_n before_o thus_o many_o countryman_n when_o they_o take_v off_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o a_o old_a oak_n have_v sometime_o find_v it_o die_v and_o therefore_o in_o some_o country_n they_o leave_v one_o big_a bough_n to_o grow_v for_o one_o year_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n as_o they_o term_v it_o whereas_o it_o be_v indeed_o that_o the_o sap_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o vent_v itself_o for_o tree_n that_o have_v a_o thick_a bark_n as_o old_a oak_n have_v when_o all_o the_o small_a bough_n be_v cut_v off_o be_v long_o in_o put_v forth_o branch_n and_o difficult_o at_o last_o put_v forth_o so_o many_o as_o will_v spend_v the_o sap_n which_o come_v up_o the_o tree_n in_o some_o proportion_n to_o what_o it_o do_v the_o year_n before_o when_o the_o whole_a top_n be_v on_o which_o sap_n be_v chief_o in_o the_o great_a channel_n betwixt_o or_o near_o the_o bark_n and_o outside_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o not_o be_v vent_v be_v either_o dry_v or_o consume_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o putrisy_n for_o want_n of_o that_o continual_a motion_n that_o be_v in_o it_o when_o it_o have_v vent_v that_o several_a tree_n die_v of_o this_o disease_n and_o when_o tree_n die_v this_o way_n the_o bark_n will_v drop_v off_o from_o the_o body_n of_o they_o soon_o by_o some_o year_n than_o otherwise_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o you_o may_v kill_v a_o tree_n by_o lop_n off_o the_o whole_a top_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n or_o so_o much_o of_o it_o that_o the_o remain_a bough_n can_v receive_v all_o the_o sap_n but_o lie_v choke_v up_o for_o want_n of_o issue_n the_o second_o summer_n you_o ought_v to_o bind_v some_o hay-rope_n about_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o cyens_n i_o have_v not_o see_v need_v of_o repeat_v this_o the_o three_o summer_n but_o if_o do_v it_o will_v the_o more_o certain_o secure_v they_o from_o break_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v end_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o field-planting_a and_o have_v be_v the_o more_o large_a in_o it_o because_o i_o have_v not_o see_v it_o any_o where_o else_o teach_v without_o much_o imperfection_n and_o many_o defect_n and_o indeed_o not_o much_o more_o than_o mention_v rather_o than_o treat_v of_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o annoyance_n about_o fruit-tree_n canker_n of_o moss_n and_o canker_n sect_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o moss_n and_o canker_n and_o therefore_o without_o alter_v the_o one_o you_o can_v scarce_o prevent_v the_o other_o however_o you_o may_v scrape_v or_o with_o a_o haircloth_n rub_v the_o moss_n off_o after_o rain_n or_o as_o some_o say_v burn_v it_o with_o a_o bottle_n of_o straw_n under_o the_o tree_n all_o canker_n filth_n and_o worm_n must_v be_v pick_v clean_o off_o and_o bind_v some_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o hay_n about_o the_o canker_a place_n if_o the_o tree_n grow_v but_o poor_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cause_v by_o the_o ill_a temper_n of_o the_o soil_n open_v the_o ground_n about_o the_o root_n and_o put_v in_o some_o manure_n proper_a to_o cure_v it_o boand_n bark_n boand_n slit_v the_o bark_n be_v a_o excellent_a additional_a help_n to_o most_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a evil_n and_o also_o for_o bark-binding_a some_o advice_n that_o the_o bark_n be_v cut_v according_a to_o the_o grain_n of_o it_o as_o in_o appletree_n pear-tree_n etc._n etc._n straight_o down_o in_o cherry_n not_o some_o tree_n prosper_v where_o other_o will_v not_o etc._n etc._n round_o about_o the_o tree_n but_o i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o same_o land_n some_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n very_o subject_a to_o some_o of_o these_o evil_n and_o other_o prosper_v very_o well_o when_o once_o you_o discover_v this_o because_o it_o be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o make_v ground_n and_o tree_n of_o different_a genius_n agree_v together_o you_o must_v make_v it_o your_o business_n by_o degree_n to_o change_v your_o tree_n till_o you_o have_v leave_v none_o against_o which_o your_o soil_n bear_v such_o a_o implacable_a hatred_n and_o furnish_v it_o with_o such_o as_o will_v flourish_v and_o be_v fruitful_a gall_v bark_n gall_v if_o any_o of_o your_o tree_n be_v gall_v by_o be_v bind_v to_o stake_n or_o by_o thorn_n or_o otherwise_o lay_v some_o clay_n upon_o the_o gall_v place_n and_o wrap_v hay-hand_n about_o they_o top_n dead_a top_n big_a plant_n also_o that_o upon_o their_o removal_n have_v have_v their_o top_n cut_v off_o be_v apt_a to_o die_v from_o the_o place_n they_o be_v cut_v off_o at_o to_o the_o next_o sprig_n or_o branch_n upon_o they_o these_o dead_a part_n ought_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o close_o to_o the_o next_o good_a twig_n or_o shoot_v and_o cover_v with_o clay_n as_o in_o graft_n that_o the_o head_n may_v be_v well_o grow_v over_o by_o such_o twig_n or_o shoot_v and_o the_o wet_a prevent_v off_o get_v into_o the_o pith_n to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o tree_n coney_n hare_n and_o coney_n sect._n 2._o hare_n and_o rabbit_n be_v very_o mischievous_a to_o nursery_n and_o young_a orchard_n by_o peeling_a off_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o plant_n if_o your_o fence_n be_v a_o wall_n or_o close_o pale_a or_o water_n there_o be_v little_a danger_n of_o they_o but_o because_o such_o fence_n about_o orchard_n be_v rare_a and_o no_o other_o can_v keep_v they_o out_o some_o expedient_a must_v be_v make_v use_n