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B03712 Anglo-Judæus, or The history of the Jews, whilst here in England. Relating their manners, carriage, and usage, from their admission by William the Conqueror, to their banishment. Occasioned by a book, written to His Highness, the Lord Protector (with a declaration to the Commonwealth of England) for their re-admission, by Rabbi Menasses Ben Israel. To which is also subjoyned a particular answer, by W.H. Hughes, William, of Gray's Inn. aut 1656 (1656) Wing H3321; Thomason E.863[3]; Interim Tract Supplement Guide 482.b.3[8]; ESTC R12585 34,661 56

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second time to desolation being consumed with fire together with its ornament the Temple some few pillars only left to posterity to testifie the stateliness of what had been Of the remnant of this people Idem ibid. few were left behinde in their own Countrey eleven hundred thousand perished in the Siege and ninety seven thousand were taken Captives they being scattered abroad in divers Countreys yet especially abounded in Egypt Cyrene and Cyprus where after some fifty years continuance they begin to commit outrages in an unheard of manner Dion lib. 9.8 here 200000 there 250000 are butchered by them they eat their flesh besmear themselves with their blood wear their skins saw them asunder cast them to beasts make them kill one another The Emperor Trajan wondering and scarce believing such horrid treachery prosecutes them as so many Monsters and enemies of mankinde an infinite number are offered up as a parentation Yet still they cannot rest Dion lib. 69. In his Successor Adrians days they must up again and try their fortune That Prince had built a new City where their Jerusalem stood and called it after himself Aelia setting up a Sow over the gates thereof in opposition to them giving free liberty to all Nations for the exercise of their Religion such injuries offered to their Superstition as they cannot digest whilst he remains amongst them they murmure being gone break out into open rebellion joyn battel with one of the most expert Captains in his time Julius Severus which brings a bloody victory to the adversary and a fearful slaughter to themselves Those that remained Joan vasaeus Chron. Hi●p Anno 137. Adrian transports into Spain his own Countrey and thence or from elsewhere we have nothing considerable of them until the decay of the Roman Empire Papirius Nas senus lib. 1. At last it comes to that pass that Christians selling Church-livings for money the Jews buy Christians for their slaves which being taken notice of by Gregory the great and Heraclius the Emperor proving their enemy the Kings of France and Spain are stirred up by him to their conversion or extirpation Ammonis l. b 4. Hist Hisp Under Theodebert and Theodorick Kings of France they enjoyed the most serene times but Dagobert joyns with Sesebodus of Spain to their undoing Yea so odious afterwards became they to Christians Pertrus Cluniacensis that some perswading Christian Princes to the recovery of the Holy Land out of the hands of their brethren the Saracens their goods are presently pointed at as most fit to pay the Souldiers wages yea some flew so high to pronounce the only way Rodulphus vilis Papirius Messonus in Lud. 7. to obtain their ancient Countrey from the Infidels was to take away their lives here as fighting more against the Cause by their superstition and cruelties which being suffered made God displeased then the other by their swords and military Engines A stop was given to this heady and rash sentence by the interposition of St. Bernard and others But as if such mischief nothing concerned them some of them seated about Orleance in the year one thousand sent an Ambassage to the Prince of Babylon Papirius Messonus ex Glabo stirring him up against the Christians The Ambassador suspected and examined the truth is discovered they are thence run upon and destroyed as Monsters of men by the People Not long after they arrive here in this Island Stow Holins● Baker say they were first of al admitted by him if there were any before here in the Land they were but very few about the year 1070 first of all admitted by William the Conqueror being brought from Roan by him Their good welcom in other parts was no cause of their desire to see this Country He had made room enough for them by that hav● he had made of the English Nation little good will bare he to it and this was never taken by it as a sign of his contrary disposition He and all his Successors intended to use them to their own advantage dealing with them as spunges suffered them to suck up the English treasure which they then squeeze out into their own Coffers For in his fourth yeer holding a Council of his Barons he summons up 12. out of each County Roger de Hoveden in Hen 2. Wilielmus rex 4. anno regni su● c. commands them to shew their Laws and Customs and agree upon that which afterwards was held authentick Here it is provided that the Jews setled in the Kingdom as the title runs should be under the Kings protection that they should not subject themselves to any other without his leave it is declared that they and all theirs are the Kings and if any should detain any of their goods he might challenge it as his own Being here thus brought in and settled they lose no time by their great extortion they fill their purses for the treasury and the English treasure up prejudice and heart-burnings against them both which will be shewed in the sequel of our story when mixing the blood of innocents with their sacrifices they made so great impression on the Englishmens hearts as scarce ever will be worn out with the strength of time and then never could be satisfied but with their expulsion Indeed in the days of K. William the second little of transaction occurs in reference to them but what was caused by his own means That Kings Scepticism in Religion Baker Will. Malmsbu in Will 2. or rather profaneness did but increase the fury of their Superstition Being at Roan in Normandy he takes upon him for a reward to reduce one who was turned Christian to his former ways again but being not able to perform his promise and put to a stand by his young adversary he bids him be gone out of his presence but keeps half of the money to himself And here at London he makes a disputation be held betwixt the Christians and them The Bishops assemble the King is present promises to pass into the Jews cause if clearly conquerors They are said to have carried away nothing but confusion but this came of it that afterwards they became more confident stiffly affirming themselves not to have been overpowerd with reason but faction The ●●solency of their carriage in this business wrought grudges in Christians Will. Ma●m which joyned with the natural enmity to them as Jews might have done more if the joy conceived for the Kings stability and their own victory had not something allayed the matter and as yet scarce knowing one another there wanted experience of the Jews conditions which time produced when growing secure through peace and plenty they easily betrayed themselves Throughout the reign of Henry the first we hear nothing of them As yet they were not so fully setled coming over removing from place to place providing themselves ways of livelyhood and were so active as though they were not many
was to purge the Land from such corruptions and oppressions as under which it groaned and also to fill his own Coffers which was done pretty well partly by the confiscating of their goods which all or most mention as also by the Fifteenth granted him by the Commons to purchase their banishment which some aver We read that about the year 1286. the Commons before offered the King the fifth part of their moveables to expel them and it cannot but be likely they would also desire the same at this Parliament for though usury was the main thing under which they groaned yet there were other things they could not but be sensible enough of viz. Crucifying of children and their great spight to Christian profession with their late spoiling of the coyn And scarce could this other Act against their usury only give them hopes sufficient that thence they would be driven away for as we see before in the third of the King their usury was restrained and bounded and other ways of life they might take up and rather stay here with what they had already got then by departing to lose all as it seems they did though Judge Cook tels us that there was provision made that no subject should hurt or molest them acknowledging also that the forementioned fifteenth was given Pro expulsione Judaeorum and that too for their expulsion This reverend Lawyer tels us this act de Judaismo was made in the 18. year of the King but a little after the Feast of Hilary whence these perhaps imper●inent thoughts have sometimes come in upon me that if there was no mistake of this year for the third of this King in which formerly we read their usury was restrained then perhaps this same act de Judaismo and the other for their banishment might be enacted in several Sessions of Parliament viz. this last the 31. of August after as Matthew of Westminster mentions and the record lost the act being omitted in the writings of Lawyers as deemed of no use And for losing of the record I am easilyer induced to think it possible because I am credibly informed that that of the act for establishing the use of the Common-prayer Book was also missing heretofore and thereupon some non-conformists escaped that which else had light upon them And this I desire to tender as an excuse for my keeping close to History in which has lyen the work of this relation nothing desirous to impose upon the belief of any or hereby to contradict so worthy an Author Thus admitted by William the Conqueror about the year 1070. they were expelled in the year 1290. being here some 220. years longer by five or six then their Ancestors were in Egypt during which time we may easily see the English Nation was as in bondage And by this History impartially though truly related may that Book sufficiently be answered by occasion of which this was written the profit which redounded by them to this Nation their saithfulness also being sufficiently discovered upon which grounds the Rabbi raises his short discourse But because it may more clearly appear and the Case may be more fully debated we shall descend to his particulars and scan them fully The Author though perhaps learned enough in other histories yet seems either utterly to be ignorant of ours or else wittingly to decline that which he knew would injure his cause sufficiently In his Epistle to his Highness the Lord Protector he desires that all Laws may be taken away which stand in force against this innocent people made in times and during the government of Kings But if he please to turn his eye upon what hath been written he may easily see that it was not innocency but the clear contrary that drew out these Laws against them and for that he and his Country-men think this easier to be procured since the Kingly Government is taken away he may know that it was by the Kings alone they were kept here so long The people would gladly have been rid of them an hundred years before they were and desired their expulsion above all things Nay they offered a fifth part of their moveables to have them expelled but King Edward only sucking sweet from them and intending to make his Markets out of this contention upon their offering more gave them leave to buy their continuance for a little longer And in the War betwixt Henry the third and his Barons as is above declared they stood for him conspired the ruine of them and the Citizens of London and that more for their own ends then out of any faithfulness to him In his Declaration to the Commonwealth of England he acquaints us with the motives of his coming over the first is to obtain free exercise of his Religion for his Countreymen Here indeed it was anciently granted but what good came of it It s the desire of this people to be fishing in troubled waters they may have hopes in this juncture of time to catch proselytes what his own design may be I shall not question if we should trust him upon his word it might be unsafe to deal so well with all his followers Their Ancestors compassed sea land to make a proselyte and he confesses this to have been the cause of their expulsion formerly out of Spain but let us descend unto his second In this I cannot but wonder at the Rabbi It s believed that the time of their redemption is near saith he and that they must first be scattered throughout the world What then therefore if this be true they must first have a Seat also in England Why they had a Seat here once before for the space of above 200. years and must they needs come again or else their dispersion as to this place cannot be accomplished The third motive upon which he came over was for the benefit of our Nation which he so much desires that which truly if sincere we cannot but applaud it being a thing not usual for us to be so loved by that people We cannot but thank him for his affection but must a little question his grounds by and by when coming to his Book we shall descend with him to particulars His fourth motive is no less to be approved of His particular respect to this Commonwealth is a motive to his sollicitation for the readmission of his Country-men He might easilier if he so much love us have leave given him to continue but we cannot but suppose he can scarce promise the like affection in all his brethren and if he should it s sooner said then believed And whereas he commends hospitality and kindeness to strangers so much to our consideration our Nation was never unkind or churlish but the Jews too much familiarity with it heretofore has put them out of the influence of hospitality Now to come to the Book it self Three things he proposes to his Highness the Lord Protector as making a people well-beloved or desirable amongst