Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bring_v	good_a	know_v	2,039	5	3.4458	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

Grecia by the Phenicians that then ruled on the sea being reputed to their great glory as the first finders out of that which they had learned of the Egyptians The men in this parte on the coaste of Europe vse to noynte their ioyntes with Oyle of the which they haue greate plenty before they take in hand any greate exercise for al softe and pliable things are not easy to breake they principallie make warre with the Spanyardes on their borders partly for religion partly for other causes It is true that the Portingals of late time haue ouercome certaine places in Barbaria and edified townes and Castels and planted our Religion specially one faire towne named the holy Crosse for that they ariued stayed there the same day it is at the foote of a faire mountayn But within this twoo yeres the wicked people of the countrey being assembled together haue throwne downe from the sayde mountayne so many greate stones that they had pulled out thereof that in the ende the poore Portingals were constrayned to forsake the place there is alwayes such enimitie or hatred among them that they trade and trafficke together their Suger Oyle Ryce Lether and other marchandise by leauing of pledges and hostages They haue quātitie of good fruts as Oranges Lemōds Citrons Pomegarneds the which they eat for wante of better meate and Ryce in stede of Wheate also they drinke Oyles as we do Wine They liue many yeares more to my iudgement bicause of the sobrietie they vse than otherwise Of the fortunate Ilandes novv called the Canaries Cap. 5. LEauing Barbaria on the left hande hauing alwayes the winde fauorable we knew by our compasse how néere we were to the fortunate Ilandes lying on the borders of Mauritania toward the west being so named by our elders bicause of the good tēperatnesse of the aire frutfulnesse of the same Nowe the first day of September in the foresayde yeare about sixe of the clocke in the morning we had sight of one of these Ilands bicause of the hyght of a great Hill of the which we wil speke more largely and particularly hereafter These Ilandes as some do affirme are .x. in number of which there are thrée that the Authors make no mention of for that they are vnhabited the other seuen which are named Tenerif the Ile of yron Gomeria and the great Iland properly called Canaria are distant from the Equinoctial .27 degrées the other thrée Forteuenturia Palma and Lencelota are .28 degrées so that by this ye may sée that from the first to the last is a degrée the which is .17 Leagues and a halfe reckening from the North to the South according to the opinion of Pillotes But without further talke he that wold finde out by the degrées of the firmament the quantitie of leagues and stades that the earth doth contayne and what proportion there is from league to degrée the which ought to be obserued of him that will write of coūtreys as a true Cosmographer let him reade Ptolomeus the which treateth therof at large in his Cosmography Among these Ilands there is none of them but the greatest that is named Canaria bicause of the multitude of greate Dogs that there are nourished as Plinie sheweth and many others after him that say as yet that Iuba bare away twayne But nowe they are all named the Canaries without any distinction for this onely reason before shewed But in my opinion I thinke they were named Canaries for the abundance of Canes and wild Réedes that growe on the sea brink as for the Canes or Réedes y t beare Suger the Spaniards haue planted a great many since the tyme that they haue there inhabited but ther did inhabite brutish Barbarous men before that there were any Dogs the which standeth by good reason for I knowe well by experience that in all the countreis and Indies y t haue ben discouered and founde out of late dayes they had neuer knowledge of dog or catte as hereafter shal be shewed Yet I knowe well that the Portingals haue brought thether some and kept them for to hunte after wild beastes Plinie therefore speaketh in this maner the first is called Ombrion whereas there is no signe of house nor building In the mountaines there is a fountaine trées like vnto that which is named Ferula both blacke and white out of the which may be wrong or writhen water Of the blacke ones the water is very bitter to the contrary the white ones the water is pleasant to drinke The other is called Iunonia whereas there is but one onely house builded of stone ther is sene another that is next to this but lesse of the sayd name another that is full of greate Lizardes Right ouer against these before shewed there is another named the Iland of Snowe for that it is alwayes couered with snowe The next to that is Canaria so called bicause of the multitud of great dogs y t it engendreth as we haue before shewed wherof Iuba King of Mauritania had two in the saide Ile ther are some apperāce of old buildings This coūtrey in times past hath ben inhabited with wild Barbarous people not knowing God but altogether Idolaters worshipping y e Sūne y e Moone certaine other planets as soueraigne deities of the which they thought they receiued al their benefits but in lesse thā .58 yeres y e Spaniards haue subdued and ouercome them and slayne part of them and the rest they hold and kepe as slaues and captiues and they inhabiting there haue established or set vp the Christian fayth so that at this present ther is none of the ancient dwellers left onely a fewe excepted that are hid in the mountaynes as in the mountayne of Pych of the which we will speake hereafter folowing True it is that that place is the refuge of all the banished of Spaine the which for punishement are sent thither into exile so that there is an infinite number also of slaues the which serue as well to labor the grounde as to do other labors I do much maruel how the inhabitantes of these Ilands and of Afrike for that they are néere neighbors haue so differed in language in colour Religion and in maners Also that many vnder the Romaine Empire haue conquered and subdued the greatest parte of Africa and neuer touched these Ilands as they haue done in the sea Meditareum knowing also that they are very fruitfull seruing as a victualer to y e Spaniards euē as Cicilie serueth to the Romaines and Geneuois This countrey of it selfe is good being so well tilled it bringeth greate profit and the most in Sugers For within these fewe yeares they haue planted many Canes that bring forth greate quantitie of Sugers maruelous good not only in these Ilands but in other places that they hold there Neuerthelesse it is not so good in any part as in

these Ilāds of Canaries And the cause why it is there better gathered desired is for that the Ilāds in the sea Meditareum on the cost of gréeke lād as Metelin Rhodes other places bearing good suger before the Turke had the dominiō of them haue ben spoyled by negligence or otherwise And in all the countrey of Leuant I haue sene no suger made but in Egypt y e canes y t beare it growe on the brinke of Nyll the which also is greatly estemed of the people of the marchants y t trade thether as much rather more than Canarie Suger The elders before vs estemed greately the Suger of Arabia for that it was maruellous harty and pleasant specially for medicine to the which vse they did put it to little other But now adayes voluptuousnesse is so incresed specially in our Europe that there cannot be neuer so little a banket made after our maner of liuing but that euery sause must be sugered and also our meates and drinkes The which thing was defended to the Athenians by their lawes as a thing that did effeminate the people the which the Lacedemonians haue folowed by example But of a trueth the great Lordes of Turkie drinke sugered waters for bicause that wine is defended them by their lawe As touching the wine that was inuented by the greate Phisition Hyppocrates it was onely permitted to sicke folke and vnable but at this day it is so common with vs as it is scarce in other countreys So much haue we spoken by the way on the talke of suger let vs nowe returne to our mater As for corne there is sufficient in these Ilands also of very good wine better than the wine of Candia where as they make Malmesies as we will declare intreating of the Ilands of Madera Of flesh also there is sufficient as wilde and tame goates birds of all kindes greate quantitie Oranges Citrons Lemonds Pomegranads and other fruites Palmes and greate quantitie of good Hony There is also about the riuers and floudes little trées named Paper and in the sayd riuers and floudes there are fishes named Silures the which Paulus Iouius in his booke of fishes thinketh to be Sturgion of the which the poore slaues féede on sweating for trauell almost breathlesse and oftentymes they féede thereon for wante of other meate And thus much I will say by the way that they are very hardly intreated of the Spaniards specially of the Portingals yea worsse than of the Turkes or Arabians And I am constrayned to speake thereof for that I haue sene it my selfe Among other things there is found an herb against the hils sides commonly called Oriselia the which they gather with greate diligēce for to dye colour Furthermore they make a kinde of blacke gumme the which they name Bre of the which there is greate abundāce in Tenerif They take thornes of y t which there is great quantitie and breake them and lay them by pece one vpon another like crosses and vnder eche heape there is a little hole of no great depth and then they set fire on this woodē almost at the very top and then it rendereth his gumme that falleth into this hole Others do make it with lesse labor for the hole being made they set fier on y e trée this gumme bringeth them great profit in their trade that they make to Perou of the which they vse to calke ships and other vessels for the sea putting it to no other vse As touching the harte of this trée being somewhat red the poore people that dwel on the hils and moūtaynes cut it by long stickes of the length of halfe a fadome as greate as our thumbe and lighting it at one ende it serueth in stede of a cādel Also the Spaniards vse it after this manner Of the high mountaines of Pike properly called Pikehill Cap. 6. IN one of these Ilands named Tenerif there is a Hil of so wonderful a highth that the mountaynes of Armenia of Persia Tartaria neither the Hyll Lybem in Syria the mounte Ida Athos nor yet the mounte Olympus so much celebrat by the Historiographers ought not to be cōpared to this Hil the which containeth in circuite at the leaste twenty miles from the foote to the top 54. miles This moūtaine or Hil is named Pike at al times snowy mysty and ful of great and cold vapors and also of snow although that it is not easily sene to my iudgement for bicause that it extendeth to the lower Region of the Aire the which is very colde as Philosophers and Astronomers holde opinion so that the snow cannot melt bicause that in that place the Sunne cannot cast hir beames and therefore the superior or vpper part remayneth alwayes colde This mountayne or Hill is so high that if the ayre be cleare it may be sene fiftie Leagues on the water and more the top and the bottome of this hill though one be néere or farre of is made in maner of this Gréeke figure Ω the which signifieth Omega I haue also sene the Hill called Ethna .30 Leagues and on the sea néere to Cypris I haue sene a certayne mountayne of Armenia fiftie Leagues of though I haue not the eye sight so good as Linxius who from the Promontorie of Lylibie in Cicilie did discerne and sée the ships in the porte of Carthage I am sure that some will thinke this strange esteming that a mans eye coulde in no wise sée nor discerne so far of but neuerthelesse this is most true in plainnesse but not in height The Spaniards haue diuers tymes assayed to sounde the height of this hyll and for to doe it they haue many tymes sent a certayne number of people with mulles bearing bread wine other munitions but they neuer returne againe as I haue ben crediblie informed of those that haue dwelled there ten yeres And therefore they holde opinion that in the sayd hill as wel on the toppe as on the circuite there are some reste or remnant of these wilde Canarians that thither are retired and kepe the sayde hyll liuing with Rootes and with wilde beastes the which kill and slaye those that presume to get vp the hill to discouer the toppe thereof Also of this Ptolomeus hath had knowledge saying that beyond the Columnes or pillers of Hercules In a certain Ile there is a hil of a maruellous and wonderful height and therefore towarde the toppe it is alwayes couered with Snowe from the sayde hille there falleth greate aboundance of water that watereth all the Ilande the which maketh it very fruitfull of Canes Sugers and other thinges And there is no other water than that which commeth from that hill otherwise the countreys that are vnder the tropike of Cancer wold remayne barren bicause of the excessiue heate It bringeth forth abundantly great stones like to spunges are very light so that one as great as a mans heade doth

Tabrobane Melinde Cannonor and others they take on the left hande costing the Ile of S. Laurence guiding the head of the ship to Weast or Southweast hauing the winde at Weaste Northweaste This countrey of the Easte Indies extendeth so farre that many iudge it to be the thirde parte of the worlde Mela and Diodorus writeth y t the sea compassing these Indies from the South to the Easte is of such a greatnesse that with much payne they can passe though the wind be fauorable in the space of fortie dayes but I dare affirme twice fortie This countrey therefore is on that side compassed with the sea which bicause of that is named the Indian sea or Indique confining towardes the North to the hill Cancasa and is named India of a Riuer named Indus as Tartaria of the Riuer Tartar passing by the countrey of the greate King Chan. Yt is inhabited with people of diuers kinds as well in manners as in Religion A great parte is vnder the ohedience of Prester Iohn the which holdeth the Christian Fayth the others are Mahometists as we haue before shewed speaking of Ethiopia and others are Idolaters The other way at the departing of this Caape that is on the right hand leadeth to America the which we folowed hauing the wind good and fauorable neuerthelesse we remayned a good long time on the water as well for the distaunce of the places as for the winde that afterwarde fell contrarie the which made vs to lynger euen to the eightene degrée of our lyne and then agayne it began to fauor vs. Before passing any farther I will shewe a thing that is worthy of memorie Aproching or drawing néere to America within fiftie leagues we began to smell the ayre of the lande otherwyse than the smell of the sea with such a swéete and pleasant smell of the Trées Herbes Fruits and Floures of the countrey that neuer balme were it the balme of Egypte that euer smell swéeter or pleasanter Therefore I leaue you to thinke or iudge what greate ioye the poore Nauigantes had although that of a long time before they had eaten no breade also being out of hope to recouer any for their retourne The next day which was the laste day of October about nine of the clocke in the morning we discried the high hills of Croistmouron although that was not the place whereas we pretended to goe wherefore costing the lande a thrée or foure Leagues not minding to descend a lande being well enformed that the inhabitantes there are allyed with the Portingals and therefore for nothing we woulde aborde or descende there keping on our way till the second of Nouember that we aryued to a certayne place named Maqueh for to enquire of things specially of the King of Portingals Armye whereas preparing our boates and barges for to come a shore and set foote on lande there appeared foure olde men of the countrey for that the yong men were gone to the warre the which olde men at the firste fled away thinking we had bene Portingals their enimies but shewing them a token of assurance in the ende they came néere vs. Neuerthelesse staying there not aboue foure and twentie houres we hoyssed sayle for to drawe towarde Caape de Frie distant from Maqueh twentie fiue leagues This countrey is maruellous fayre in tymes past inhabited by the Portingals the which gaue it that name which before was called Gekan and there they reared a tort minding there to remayne for bicause of the goodnesse of the place But within a shorte tyme after for what cause I knowe not but the Barbarous men of the countrey made them all to dye and eate them vp as they vse customably their enimies And at our ariuall they helde two Portingals that they had taken in a little boate and to them they though to doe the lyke to whom our comming was a pleasure for by vs they were recouered out of the handes of these cruell inhabitantes Pomponius Meleus calleth this Caape of which we speake the front of Africa for that beyonde it bendeth lyke an Angle and retourneth by little and little into the North and East there whereas is the ende of the mayne land and of Africa of the which Ptolomeus had neuer any knowlege This Caape also is the chiefe or heade of Newe Africa the which towarde Capricorne extendeth to the mountaynes of Habacia and Gaiacia the flat countrey is little inhabited it is very brutish and Barbarous yea monstrous not that the men are so disformed as many haue written as though that in their sléepe they had dreamed it being not afrayde to affirme that there are people of whome their eares hang to their héeles others with one eye in the foreheade as Arismases others without heade others hauing but one foote but of such a bredth that therewith they may shadowe them selues against the heate of the Sunne and they call them Monomeres Monosceles and Sciapodes certaine others being ignorant doe write yet more strangenesse yea late writers writing without iudgement reason or experience I will not altogether denye the monsters which are vnnaturall approued by the Philosophers and affirmed by experience But I doe impugne things that are so farre out of reason let vs returne to our Promentarie There is founde diuers kindes of dangerous beastes venomous among others the Basiliscus hurtfull to the inhabitants also to the strangers and to those that go to fish on the Borders This Basiliscus as euery man may know is a venomous beast that killeth a man with his onely looke the body about nine inches long the head like fier vpō y t which ther is a white spot in maner of a crowne the mouth red the rest of the face of blacke colour the which I knowe by the skinne that I dyd sée in the handes of an Arabian he chaseth away all other Serpentes with his hissing as Lucian sayth for to remayne alone master of the fielde To be short I may say with Salust that there dyeth more people by wilde beasts in Africa than by any other inconuenience This much thought I good to speake by the way Of the Iland Madagascar otherwise of S. Laurence Cap. 23. THE great desire that I haue to let slip nothing that is necessarie and profitable to the Readers bindeth me that I thinke it the office and duetie of a writer to treate of al things that partayne to his argument without leauing one word out the which thing hath stired me vp to set out in this place this Ilande so notable hauing seuenty eight degrées of longitude no minut and of latitude aleuen degrées and thirtie minutes very well peopled and inhabited with blacke wilde men within a certayne time the which kepe or holde the like maner of Religion as the Mahometists some being Idolaters but after another manner It was firste discouered by the Portingals and named S. Laurence and before Madagascar in their language

brutish beasts are disposed to mock they wil put their tōgues out of these holes the women maidens are not so disformed In dede they haue hanging at their eares prety litle stones and shels that they haue in the sea also bracelets of certaine shels They esteme much litle beades of glasse y t the frenchmen haue caried thither Bicause of their disformitie chaunging of their naturall colour these men women are for the most part black for that they colour themselues with colours that they make of y e fruit of trées as we haue before shewed they colour one an other The women they colour deck the men we do not read that other natiōs haue done the like We finde that the Scythians going to the funerals of their friends did painte their faces with black The women of Turkey do paint their nailes with coloures red blew thinking by this to be more fairer but not y e rest of their body I wil not here forget y t these women of America do not only paint their childrēs faces with black but also their bodies and that with diuers colours specially of one colour like to a vernishing y t which colour wil continue the space of .iiij. dayes with y e same colour the womē paint their legs so y t for to loke a far of you wold iudge them to be hosed with fine black kersey Of visions dreames and illusions that these Americans haue and of the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirites Cap. 35. IT is a wonderful thing that these pore men although they be not reasonable for y t they are depriued frō the right vse of reasō and from the knowledge of God are subiect to many fantastical illusions persecutiōs of wicked spirites We haue said that before the cōming of our sauior Iesus Christ we wer in like maner vexed for the deuil studieth onely to seducte that creature that hath no knowledge of God Euen so these pore Americanes do oftentimes sée a wicked spirite sometimes in one forme sometimes in an other the which they name in their lāguage Agnan the which spirit persecuteth them day and night not onely their soule but also their body beating them and doing them much iniury so that you shal hear them make a pitiful cry saying in their lāguage if there be any christian by or neare séest thou not Agnan y e beateth me defend me if thou wilt that I shal serue thée and cut thy wood for many times they wil trauail to the Brasel wood for a smal reward Therfore in y e night they wil not goe out of their cabens or houses without bearing fire with them the which they say is a soueraine defence and remedy against their ennimie And I thought that it had bene a Fable when it was shewed me first but I haue séene by experience this wicked spirite to be driuen out by a christian in inuocating naming Iesus Christ Also the people of Ginney of Canada are likewise tormēted chiefly in the woods wheras they haue many visions and they call this sprite in their lāguage Grigri Furthermore these wilde men of America being this disprouided of reason and of the knowledge of veritie are easie to fal into many foolish errors They note obserue their dreames diligently thinking that al that they haue dreamed should sodainly come to passe If they haue dreamed that they shall haue victorie of their enimies or to be vanquished and ouercome you shall not persuade them the contrary but they beleue it assuredly as we doe the Gospel Of a truthe there be Phylosophers which holde opinion that some dremes wil naturally come to passe according to the humors that raigne or other dispositions of y e body as to dreame of fire water black things suche like But to beleue and affirme the other dreames as those of these Americans it is a thing impertinent contrary to the true religion of Iesus Christ and to my iudgemēt so are al other Macrobius in the dreme of Scipion saith that some dreames come to passe happen bicause of the vanitie of y e dreamers Other dreames come of things that we haue too much apprehended Others beside our Americanes do giue creadit to dreames as the Lacedemonians the Persians certaine others These wilde men haue an other straunge opinion which is an abuse they estéeme some among thē to be very Prophets whome they name in their lāguage Pages to whome they declare their dreames the others do interprete them they hold opinion that they tel truthe These may be cōpared to Philon the first interpreter of dreames to Trogus Pompeius that therein was very excellent I might here bring in many things of dreames diuinations and what dreames are true or no. Likewise of their kinds the causes therof as we haue bene instructed of our elders But for that it is repugnant to our religion and for that defence is made to giue therto any credit we wil leaue it and leane only to the holy scripture and to that which is commaunded vs therfore I wil speake therof no more but sure I am that for one y t hitteth right there are a numbre contrary Let vs returne to our wild men of America they beare greate reuerence to these Prophetes otherwise named Pages or Charaibes which is to say halfe Gods and they are truely idolaters euen as were the ancient Gentiles Of false Prophetes and Magicians that are in this countrey of America the which inuocate and cal vpon wicked spirites and of a tree named Ahouai Cap. 36. THis people being so far from the truthe beside the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirits their errours and dreames yet are they so far out of reason that they worship the deuill by the meane of some of his mynisters named Pages of the which sorte we haue spoken already These Pages or Charaibes are men of a wicked lyfe the which are giuen to serue the diuel for to deceiue their neighbors Such deceiuers for to coloure their wickednesse and to be estemed honorable among others remayne not continually in one place but they are vacabunds wandering here and there through the woodes and other places and returning with others at certayne houres making them beleue that they haue cōferred and counseled with the sprits for publike affaires and that they must do so and so or that this or that shall happen and then they are receiued and intertayned honorably being nourished and intertayned for this their doing and they esteme them selues happie that may remayne in their fauor and good grace and giue or offer to them some presente Likewise if it happen that any of them haue indignation or quarrell against his neighbor they come to these Pages to the ende that they mare dye with poyson him or them to whom they will euil Among other things they helpe themselues with a trée

another and so folowing in order the Auditors sit downe on the earth vnlesse it be some ancient men that lye on their beds the which considering with my selfe commeth to my remembrance the moste commendable custome of the gouernors of Thebes an ancient Citie in Grecia the which for to cōsult together of the affaires of the common welth would alwayes sit downe vpon the ground the which maner of doing is estemed an argument of prudence Furthermore it is a strange thing that these Americans do neuer make amongst them any paction or concorde though that their hatred be great as other natiōs do be they neuer so cruel barbarous as the Turkes Moores and Arabians and I thinke that if Theseus the first inuenter of peace amōg the Greekes were among them he shoulde be more troubled than euer he was this people haue certaine sleights of warre to trap one another as well as in other places Therefore these Americans haue perpetuall enimitie one against another at all tymes against their neighbors before shewed séeking their enimies and fighting as furiously together as is possible the which causeth eache village to fortifie to make themselues strong with people and weapons They will assemble together on the nights in greate number for to kepe watche and warde For they are wonte to skirmish togethers more on nightes than on dayes if that they haue knowledge therof before hande or otherwise do suspecte the comming of their enimies they wil plante in the grounde rounde about their lodgings the compasse of a bowe shot sharp pointed pins of wood the which are so set in the earth that they are scāt perceiued this kind of policie they vse to gal pierce the féet of their enimies which are al bare and naked as well as the rest of their bodies to the ende that by this meanes they might intangle their enimies for to kill some others for to take prisoners It is a greate honor to them the which departe out of their countrey for to assayle their enimies on the borders and when that they haue taken many of their enimies prisoners in theyr countries he that hath taken most prisoners is honored and celebrated among others as a great King or a great Lorde when he hath most killed and when they meane sodainly to assayle a towne or village they wil hide them selues in the woodes lyke Foxes lurking there for a certayne tyme vntil they haue espied the tyme and vantage to come forth sodainly to beset their enimies Whē they be come to a village they know the mene to set fier theron for to make them come forth with their wiues children bag and baggage being come forth they assaile one another shoting of their arrowes also with their Maces Swords of wood that to behold them it is a good passe-time they wil bite one another w t their téeth in all places wheras they cā take hold shewing sometymes the bones of those whome they haue vanquished and ouercome before times in the warrs and eaten to be short they do y e worst they c●n to feare anger their enimies Some ye shall sée takē prisoners boūd manacled like theues And when those returne from warre far in their owne countries vanquishers God knoweth the noyse and passetyme that they make The women folow their husbands to the warres not for to fight as the Amazoness doe but for to minister to their husbands foode and other necessaries requisite in the warres for sometymes they make iorneys of fiue or six moneths before they returne he that is greatest among them hath moste wiues to serue him And when they make any greate iorney they set fire on their houses and if they haue any good thing they hide it vnder the ground vntill their returne Their vittels that they haue is such as the lande beareth that is rootes very delicate and pleasant to eate and flesh of wild beastes and fish dried in the smoke their beds of cotton are caried with them the men beare nothing but bowes and arrowes in their handes their weapons are also greate Swordes and Clubs of wood very heauy their bowes are as long as oure bowes in Englande their arrowes are made pointed some of Canes that growe on the sea coast and others are made of a kynde of a woodde named Hayri bearing leafe lyke to a Palme trée the whiche is of the coloure of blacke Marble therefore many say it is hornbeame but it semeth to me otherwise for the right and perfect hornebeame is more shining Furthermore the Hornebeame trée is not lyke this for this is very thorney al ouer The best Hornbeam is to be had in Calicut and in Ethiopia This wood is so heauie that it sincketh to the bottome of the water lyke Iron therefore these wilde men make therewith their swordes and clubs to fight with in the warres It beareth a great fruit somewhat pointed at one of the endes within it a whit kernel of y e which fruit I haue brought home with me a greate many Besides this the wild men make faire collers of this woode also it is so harde and tough as I haue before shewed that y e arowes that therewith are made are so strong that it wil pearce a good corselet or Harneis their third weapō or defence is a great buckeler the which they vse in the warres it is very lōg made of the skin of a beast like in colour to the Neate or Oxen in our countrey so diuers in colours The bucklers are of such strength as the bucklers Barcellonoys so that they wil beare out the shot of a handgunne And as touching handguns many of them haue and cary with them to the warres the which the Christians haue giuē them but they knowe not howe to vse them but oftentymes they shoote them of onely for to fear their enimies Their maner of fighting as well on the lande as on the water Cap. 39. IF you aske me why these wild men make warre one against an other seeing that they are not greater Lords one than another also for y t they do not esteme worldly riches that the earth bringeth forth more than serueth their necessitie you shal vnderstād that the cause of their warre is euill ynough grounded it is onely a desire of vengeance that they haue without any other reason or cause but euen like brute beasts that cannot agrée one w t another by no honest meane to conclude they say that they haue bene alwayes their mortall enimies They méete together then as we haue sayde before in greate numbers for to go and finde out their enimies if that they haue receiued any iniurie before hand wheras they méete together shoote one at another after they ioine together taking holde of their heade eares biting one another by the armes yea buffetting one another with their fistes There is no speaking of horse They are very obstinate and couragious in such sorte

layde on their beddes sorowfull others sittyng downe with their bare buttockes on the grounde imbracyng one an other saying in their language Our father and friend was so good a man so valiant in the warres that hath caused many of oure enimies to dye hée was strong and myghtie he laboured so wel and dressed our gardens he caught beastes foules and fishes for our sustenāce alas he is deade we shall sée hym no more but after we bée deade wyth oure friendes in the countreys where oure Pages saye they haue séene them wyth many suche lyke wordes the which they will repete aboue ten thousande tymes continually day and night for the space of foure or fiue howers not ceassyng to lament The chyldren of the deceassed a moneth after these mournyngs wyll desire their friendes to make some feast or solemnitie for hys honure And there they will come together paynted with diuers colours decked wyth fethers and otherwise after their manner makyng a thousande ceremonies and passetymes wyth daunces playes tabour playing with Flutes made of the armes and legges of theyr enimies and other instrumentes after the maner of their countrey The others as the auncient sorte all the day long will not ceasse to drinke without eating of any thing and they are serued by the women and kinrede of the deceased the which their doings is as I am aduised to stirre vp the heartes of yong children and to moue and prouoke them to warre makyng them bolde against their enimies The Romanes vsed almost the lyke maner for after the decease of any Citizen that had greatly trauailed for the cōmon wealth they made playes pompes and funeral songs to the praise and honour of the dead man Likewise to gyue example to the yonger sorte for to imploy their myghte for the libertie of their countrey Plinie sayth that one named Lycaon was the inuenter of such thyngs Also the Argiues a people of Grecia in memoriall of the furious Lion ouercome by Hercules they made playes and games And Alexander the great after that he had seene the sepulchre of the worthy and valiant Hector in memorie of his worthynesse commaunded yea hée him selfe dyd make many gamboldes and solemnities Here myght I reherse or bring in many histories how the elders in times past haue diuersly obserued funeral rites accordyng to the diuersitie of places but for that I will not be tedious vnto you I omit it it shall suffise at this present to knowe the custome of these wilde men for bicause that as well the elders in times paste as also those of oure time haue made many excesse bankettes in their funerall pompes more for a vaine and worldely glorie than otherwise but to the contrary ye must vnderstande that those that are made to the honour of the deceased and for respecte of hys soule is cōmendable declaring hym by this meanes immortall and foreshewyng the Resurrection to come Of Mortugabes and of the charitie that they vse toward straungers Cap. 44. SEing that our argument is now of the sauage men we will saye somewhat of their order and liuyng In their countrey there is neither towne nor Castell of any greatnesse sauing those that the Portingals and other Christians haue edified for their cōmoditie the houses wherein they dwell are litle lodgyngs the which they name in theyr language Mortuga●es assembled by hamlettes or villages suche as we sée in some places here These lodgyngs are of two or thre hundred paces long and of bredthe twentie paces or thereaboutes buylded of woodde and couered wyth palme leaues layde on so trimmely as possible may bée Euery lodgyng hathe fayre coueryngs but they are so low that one muste stoupe to goe in as he wold do at a wicket in euery one there is many roomes and euery one for hym selfe and his familie thrée fadome of length This I fynd much more tollerable and lesse grieuous than of the Arabians and Tartarians that neuer buylde nor edifie a place for to remain and dwel in but they stray about here and there like vagabundes neuerthelesse they gouerne them selues by certain lawes but our wylde men haue none but onely as Nature dothe gouerne them Nowe therefore these wylde men in these little houses are many housholdes together in the middest of which theyr beddes ar hanged euery one in his quarter vnto pyllers mighty strong and square the which beds are made of good Cotton woll for thereof they haue greate plentye the whiche a trée beareth béeyng of the height of a man lyke vnto greate Buttons or Akornes but neuerthelesse they differ from those of Cypris Malta and Syria The sayd beddes are not thicker than a linnen clothe of this countrey and they lyde downe therin all naked as they are accustomed This bedde in theyr language is called Iny and the Cotton wherewith it is made Manigot On both the sides of the bed of him that is maister of the houshold the wiues make hym fire day and nyght for the nights are somewhat cold Euery housholde kéepeth and layeth vp in store a kynde of fruite greate as an Estrige egge the which is of the colour of our Cucumbers that wée haue here in Englande being fashioned like a bottell pierced at bothe endes passyng through the middest a stycke of Hornebeame a foote and a halfe long one of the endes beyng planted in the earth or ground the other ende is decked wyth faire feathers of a byrde named Arat that is altogether red the whiche thyng they haue in such honor and reputation as if it dyd merite no lesse And they take this to bée theyr Toupan For when their Prophetes come towards them they make that to speake that is within them knowing by this meanes the secrets of their enimies and as they say they know heare newes of the soules of their friendes deceased This people aboute their houses norish bring vp no domestical beasts sauing certain hennes cocks which are very rare scant and they ar but in certain places wheras the Portingals haue first brought them for before they had no intelligence of them neuerthelesse they set so litle store by them that for a litle knife ye shall haue two hennes the women for no good will eate of them takyng great displeasure when they sée a Christian eat at one repast foure or fiue hennes egs the which they name Arignane thinking that for euery egge they eate a henne the whiche woulde suffise to repast two men besides this they nourish and bring vp Popingays the which they change in trading with the Christians for small yron tooles As for golde and siluer they vse none They hauing on a time amōg thē taken a Portingale ship where there was a great number of pieces of siluer that was brought from Morpion they gaue al to a Frenchmā for four hatchets and certaine litle kniues the which they esteme very muche and not without a cause for they are

to the straight of Forna and Daryē that they might passe more easier to Moluques without going to y e straight of Magellan And they sayling on that coast discouered this fayre Promentary whereas setting foote on lande they found the place so fayre and temperate although it be but .340 Degrées of longitude minute .0 and eight of latitude mynute .0 that they there stayed to the which place since are gone other Portingals with a number of ships and people and by succession of tyme hauinge allured the people of the countrey by giftes and pacified them they made a holde named Castell Marin since they haue edified another néere vnto this named Fermanbow trading there one with another The Portingals laade cotton wild beastes skynnes spices and among other things prisoners that the wild men of the countrey take in the warres of their enimies the which they carrie into Portingall for to sell Of the Canibals as well of the mayne lande as of the Ilands and of a tree named Acaion Cap. 61. THis greate Promentary being this doubled and affronted with greate difficultie it behoued vs to attempt fortune and to shorten our way as much as was possible not keping farre of from the mayne land chiefly ceasting somewhat néere to the Iland of S. Paule and other little Ilandes not inhabited neere to the main lande whereas are the Canibals the whiche countrey deuideth the King of Spayns lande from the King of Portingall as hereafter shalbe shewed Seing that we are come to these Canibals we will speake our worde This people from the Caape S. Augustine and beyond néere to Marignan is the moste cruellest and inhumayne people that are in America These imps eat most commonly humayne flesh as we do biefe or mutton haue therevnto more appetite and delight and this is of a truthe that when they haue any of their enimies in their hands it is hard to get them from them for the great desire that they haue to eate them like Rauening Lyons There is no beast in the wildernesse neither in the desartes of Africa or Arabia that longeth so sore or that is so gredie of humayne flesh as these wild and brutish people Also ther is no nation that can be acquaynted w●th them neither Christians nor others And none can trade into their countrey without leauing of pledges so mistrustfull they are thinking themselues of more credit than others For this cause the Spaniards and Portingals haue played them some ill tricks in memorial whereof whē that they may get any of them God knoweth how they are handled for there is no other way but death and so to be eaten and deuoured of these imps Therefore there is continuall warre betwene them and these people and many Christians they haue deuoured These Canibals haue on their lips stones gréene and white as the other wild mē haue but without comparison more longer for they descende euen to their breast Moreouer the countrey is fruitefull ynough better than belongeth to such wicked beasts for it beareth great quantitie of fruits hearbes and wholsome rootes with a great nomber of trées named by them Acaion bearing a fruit as big as my fist fashioned lyke a Goose egge some of them therewith make a kind of beuerage although the fruite is not good to eate at the top of this fruite groweth a kynde of nuts made lyke a Cunneys tayle the kernel within is very good to eate after it hath had y e heat of the fier The shel is very ful of oyle hauing a sharpe taaste with the which the wilde men maye make more store and plenty than we can of our nuts the leafe of this trée is lyke to the leafe of a peare trée a little more pointed and red at the ende the barcke of this trée is tauney and bitter the wilde men put this woode to no vse for that it is somewhat tender and softe In the Ilandes of the Canibals whereas there is greate plenty of these trées they cut the woode to burne for that they haue little other wood and also Gaiac This much as touching this trée Acaion There are also other trées whereof the fruite is daungerous to eate among the which there is one named Haouay Furthermore this countrey is full of hills mountaynes with good mynes of golde There is a high and riche mountayne where these wilde men get their gréene stones that they beare at their lips and therefore it is not vnpossible but that there may be founde emerauldes and other riches if this obstinat people woulde permit that we might go in sa●egarde lykewise there is founde white Marbell and blacke Iasper and Porphire And in al this countrey from the Caape S. Augustine vnto the Ryuer of Marignan they vse all one manner of liuing as the others doe at Caape de Fria the same Riuer separateth the lande of Perou from the Canibals and hath in bredth at the mouth fiftene leagues or thereabout with some Ilandes peopled and riche in golde for the wilde men haue founde a meane howe to trye it and to make broade rings lyke to buckles and others that they hang on their nostrels and on their chéekes the whiche they carrie for magnificence The Spaniardes say that the greate Ryuer that commeth from Perou named Aurelane and this do méete vpon this Riuer there is another Iland named the Trinitie distant ten degrées from the lyne hauing in length about .30 leagues in breadth about .8 leagues the which is the richest Ilande that may be found in any parte for that it beareth al kinde of mettals But for that the Spaniardes landing there many tymes for to bring it to their subiection and obedience haue cruelly handled the inhabitantes therefore they haue bene rudtly repulsed and the better parte destroyed This Ilande bringeth forth abundance of a certaine fruite the trée whereof is lyke to a Palme trée with the which they make drinke Furthermore there is founde good Frankinsence and Gaiac lykewise in many other Ilandes néere to the mayne lande Also there is betwene Perou and the Canibals many Ilandes named Canibals somewhat néere to Zamana of which the chiefest is distant from the Spanish Iland .30 leagues al the which Ilands are vnder the obedience of a King whome they call Sassique of his subiectes he is wel obeyed The greatest Iland hath in length .60 leagues and of bredth .48 rude and ful of mountaynes almost comparable to the Iland of Corsa in the which their King kepeth customably The wilde men of this Ilande are mortall enimies to the Spaniards after such a sorte that they can by no meanes trade Also these people are vglie to beholde hye minded and couragious very subiect to thefte there are many trées of Gaiac and another that beareth a fruite of the greatnesse of an Egge very fayre to behold neuerthelesse it is venemous therefore they temper therewith their arrowes that they vse to ayde them selues with

by the Spanyardes thinking that by this coast they mighte finde a way more néerer to sayle to Moluques wheras spices are in lyke maner subiecte to these coldes and they couer their lodgyngs with the skynnes of fishes and of wylde beastes as also do other Canadians Furthermore the sayd Canadians liue together in common as doe the Americanes and they labour and worke ech one that whiche he can do Some make pots of earth others platters dyshes spoones and other thyngs of woode others bowes and arrowes baskets panniers and other apparell of the skinnes that they doe vse to weare to couer them from the colde The women they labour the earth and tourne it with certaine instruments of stones made long and they sow graine specially Myll as great as peason and of diuers colours the which they plante as we do Melons gourdes the stalke groweth like to Suger Canes bearing thrée or foure eares of which there is alway one more greate than the other in manner like to our Artichokes They plant also flatte Beanes as white as snow the which are very good there are of that kind both in America and in Perou They haue also good plentie of Cucumbers the which the eate roasted in the imbers as we doe Peares and Wardens Furthermore there is a litle sede very small like to Marioram séede which bringeth forth an herbe somwhat great This herbe is maruellously estéemed also they drie it in the Sunne after that they haue gathered a greate quantitie and customably they hāg it about their neck being wrapped in leather with a kinde of thorne hauing a hole in one end where as they put an end of this herbe being this dried which after that they haue rubbed it a litle betwene their hāds they put it to the fire so receiue the smoke by the other end of y e horn into their mouths and they take therof in such quantitie that it cometh forth both at the nose and at the eyes And after that sorte they parfume them all houres in the daye The people of America doe parfume them after an other maner as we haue before shewed Of these Canadians apparel how they weare their haire and howe their treate their children Cap. 78. THese Canadians hauing much more ciuilitie thā y e inhabitants of America know the meane how to couer and cloth themselues in beastes skins with their haire being trimmed after their manner whereof wee haue here before spoken peraduenture being constrained bicause of the extreme colde and not otherwise whiche occasion being not shewed to others that inhabite America causeth them to remaine naked without any shame one of an other And yet the men of Canada are not altogether clad but only wrapped in these rough and heary skins like to an apron for to couer the shamfast parts of nature brynging it betwixt their legs buttoned with buttons on both the thighs thē they gird them with a brode girdle which couereth all their body and they haue their armes and legs bare sauing that vpō this they wear a long cloke with furred skinnes sowed so wel together as if some master furrier or skinner of our countrey had thereto set his hand Their clokes are made of Badgers skins Beares skins Marterns Panthers Foxes Hares Ratts and Coneys other skins corryed after their maner with haire al which to my iudgemēt hath caused this argument that some think y t the wilde men ar all hearie Some writers haue set out that Hercules of Lybia comming into France founde the people lyuing almost like to the wilde men that are as well in the east Indies as in America without any ciuilitie the mē went almost al naked Others were clad with beasts skins of diuers colors Such was the state and condition of the first humaine kynde being at the first rude altogether out of frame vntill y t by successiō of time necessitie hath cōstrained mē to inuēt many thinges for y e preseruation and maintenance of their life Well now the poore wylde men wonder at our apparell of what and howe it is made demaundyng what trées heare suche things as was demaunded of me in America thinking that wooll dyd growe on trées as doth their cotton The vse wherof was long time vnknowne And as some writers doe affirme the firste vse thereof came from the Athenians and by them it was first put in vre others haue attributed it to Pallas for bicause that wooll was vsed before that Athens was builded For this cause the Athenians haue greatly honored and worshipped the goddesse Pallas for that they haue receiued of hir this greate benefite And by this may be known that the sayd Athenians and other people of Grecia doe clothe them selues with skinnes like to these Canadians and to the similitude of our first parentes Adam and Eue as witnesseth Saint Hierom leauing an example to all his posteritie for to vse the like and not to go naked For the which thing we can not giue sufficient praise and thanks to God the which of his prouidence farre aboue all other partes of the worlde hath shewed fauour to our Europe Now there resteth to shewe how they weare their haire the which is otherwise than the Americanes vse These people as well men as women haue their haire black and verie long and they haue this difference that the men haue their haire trussed on their heades lyke a horse taile with certaine pinnes of woodde that kéepeth it trussed hauyng besides to couer their heads a Tygres skynne or of a Beare or some other wylde beast so that to sée them attired after this sort ye would iudge them to be some stage players for that they lohe more like to the picture of Hercules that the auncient Romanes were wont to make for their recreation and pleasure and as he is set out nowe a dayes than like any other thing Others there are that couer their heads and girde their bodies with marten sables beyng so named by the name of the religiō that is vsed in those partes where as this beast frequenteth the whyche Furres we estéeme very precious and riche bicause they are rare and scant and therfore these skins with vs are for princes and great lordes to weare for they are very scant The Canadians haue no beards no more than those of Bresseill for they shaue it of as soone as it buddeth As touching the women they are clad wyth Bucke skinnes béeing trimmed with the haire after their maner and being therewith wrapped or couered they girde or bynde them selues wyth a girdell that goeth thrée or foure tymes aboute hauing always one arme and one pap or brest out of the skinne at libertie the which skin couereth one of their shoulders cōming crosse their bodies like a pilgrims scrippe Moreouer these women of Canada weare hose of tawed lether being well made after their maner and painted or coloured with certaine herbes