in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la whether_o to_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_v to_o the_o relevancy_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o adjudication_n or_o to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n first_o and_o then_o to_o admit_v the_o point_n find_v relevant_a to_o probation_n but_o in_o the_o other_o way_n witness_n be_v adduce_v for_o either_o party_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o ex_fw-la nobili_fw-la officio_fw-la the_o lord_n remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o admiral_n and_o ordain_v he_o to_o proceed_v to_o discuss_v the_o relevancy_n there_o be_v pregnant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n instant_o verify_v june_n 12._o 1673._o and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n they_o do_v advocate_n the_o cause_n to_o themselves_o they_o do_v also_o ordain_v the_o admiral_n to_o proceed_v upon_o the_o evidence_n adduce_v to_o adjudge_v or_o assoilzie_n without_o allow_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n before_o answer_n and_o declare_v that_o if_o he_o proceed_v not_o according_o they_o will_v advocate_n the_o cause_n albeit_o the_o danish_a treaty_n bear_v that_o their_o ship_n shall_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o or_o their_o good_n disload_v till_o they_o be_v adjudge_v in_o a_o court_n of_o admiralty_n for_o the_o lord_n be_v the_o king_n great_a court_n of_o admiralty_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o his_o commissioner_n in_o england_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o second_o instance_n of_o pryze_n bring_v before_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n december_n 17._o 1673._o captain_n stuart_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o danish_a ship_n call_v the_o seal_n fish_n when_o question_n concern_v prize_n come_v before_o the_o lord_n they_o do_v not_o exclude_v the_o defence_n of_o stranger_n as_o be_v competent_a and_o omit_v in_o the_o first_o instance_n though_o that_o be_v a_o rule_n by_o our_o custom_n but_o do_v proceed_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n and_o so_o they_o decide_v july_n 23._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n which_o be_v the_o first_o case_n occur_v in_o that_o question_n and_o be_v always_o follow_v after_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n have_v always_o proceed_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n have_v be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o admiral_n commission_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n february_n 21._o 1668._o bartholomew_n parkman_n contra_fw-la captain_n allan_n the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o ally_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n have_v always_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o lord_n as_o exception_n from_o that_o general_a rule_n and_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o people_n comprehend_v in_o these_o treaty_n in_o dubious_a case_n the_o lord_n have_v proceed_v by_o the_o king_n instruction_n ordinary_o adhibit_v to_o the_o admirality_n of_o all_o his_o kingdom_n that_o they_o may_v keep_v one_o uniform_a rule_n with_o stranger_n in_o which_o not_o only_a respect_n have_v be_v have_v unto_o justice_n but_o even_o favour_n towards_o ally_n and_o policy_n and_o prudence_n towards_o all_o newter_n that_o none_o of_o they_o may_v receive_v irritation_n by_o the_o extension_n of_o justice_n in_o savourable_a case_n 〈◊〉_d the_o ground_n of_o justice_n for_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v assist_v the_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n and_o thereby_o become_v accessory_n to_o the_o war_n and_o by_o that_o delinquence_n do_v confiscate_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o load_n by_o which_o they_o have_v have_v accession_n for_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v very_o fit_o restrict_v the_o reparation_n of_o this_o delinquence_n so_o as_o not_o to_o state_n the_o party_n offender_n as_o enemy_n and_o thereby_o to_o make_v all_o their_o good_n confiscable_a as_o enemy_n good_n but_o do_v limit_v the_o same_o to_o these_o ship_n in_o which_o the_o concourse_n be_v act_v ifthey_a be_v seize_v in_o that_o voyage_n in_o which_o they_o give_v assistance_n or_o in_o the_o immediate_a return_n engagement_n in_o war_n by_o prince_n and_o state_n can_v just_o hinder_v the_o free_a trade_n of_o other_o people_n upon_o who_o neither_o party_n have_v either_o obligation_n or_o jurisdiction_n but_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o custom_n of_o nation_n require_v a_o equality_n and_o neutrality_n in_o all_o other_o party_n that_o they_o concur_v not_o in_o the_o war_n with_o either_o party_n forbear_v assistance_n in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v by_o furnish_v they_o man_n instrument_n of_o war_n material_n special_o requisite_a for_o the_o present_a war_n money_n furnish_v for_o public_a use_n and_o in_o some_o case_n victual_v as_o when_o carry_v to_o place_n besiege_v and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v promiscuous_a use_n in_o peace_n and_o war_n when_o there_o be_v a_o special_a application_n there_o of_o to_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o the_o war_n as_o iron_n brass_n leid_n pitch_n tar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v therefore_o call_v counterband-goods_a or_o prohibit-goods_a and_o by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n intimation_n be_v ordinary_o make_v to_o newter_n from_o what_o thing_n to_o abstain_v as_o from_o carry_v of_o counterband-goods_a towards_o enemy_n port_n or_o carry_v the_o good_n and_o ware_n of_o enemy_n whereby_o their_o trade_n be_v promote_v and_o they_o enable_v to_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o by_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o trade_n of_o neuter_n and_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o war_n neuter_n do_v instruct_v their_o vessel_n with_o pass_n and_o other_o document_n instruct_v that_o the_o bottom_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o their_o subject_n freeman_n and_o that_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n or_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n have_v no_o interest_n therein_o which_o pass_n be_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o master_n thereof_o and_o those_o who_o embark_v the_o load_n and_o where_o there_o be_v any_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o such_o pass_n use_v to_o be_v express_v always_o include_v a_o oath_n and_o be_v give_v by_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o first_o then_o see_v the_o accession_n of_o neuter_n be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o can_v have_v no_o place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o public_a denunce_v war_n which_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v know_v to_o the_o delinquent_n and_o therefore_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n belong_v to_o neuter_n be_v not_o find_v prize_n because_o carry_v counterband-goods_a towards_o the_o enemy_n port_n unless_o the_o war_n have_v be_v nottour_o know_v at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o loose_v at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o loose_v and_o act_n of_o hostility_n and_o declare_v of_o prize_n in_o neighbour_a place_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a july_n 22._o 1667._o hans_n jurgan_n contra_fw-la captain_n logan_n the_o like_a be_v find_v of_o a_o ship_n of_o hamburg_n carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o danish_a port_n after_o act_n of_o hostility_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o dane_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v before_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o dane_n february_n 25._o 1668._o merchant_n of_o hamburg_n contra_fw-la captain_n dishingtoun_n if_o ship_n have_v in_o they_o counterband-goods_a they_o may_v be_v bring_v up_o if_o the_o port_n be_v not_o express_v upon_o oath_n and_o be_v a_o free_a port_n or_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o skipper_n and_o company_n which_o infer_v a_o full_a probation_n in_o case_n they_o acknowledge_v a_o unfree_a port_n and_o a_o presumptive_a probation_n in_o case_n the_o pass_n bear_v not_o a_o free_a port_n yet_o it_o admit_v a_o contrary_a probation_n for_o prove_v of_o the_o true_a port_n january_n 21._o 1673._o hendrick_n anderson_n master_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o dantzick_n contra_fw-la captain_n dowglas_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o the_o pass_v make_v the_o port_n uncertain_a and_o ambiguous_a bear_v london_z to_o be_v the_o port_n but_o a_o great_a fraught_n promise_v if_o the_o ship_n be_v bring_v up_o into_o holland_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v elide_v by_o a_o positive_a contrair_a probation_n february_n 19_o 1673._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o palmtree_n and_o patience_n contra_fw-la captain_n atchison_n among_o counterband_n pitch_n and_o tar_n be_v find_v comprehend_v july_n 9_o 1668._o captain_n allan_n contra_fw-la bartholomew_n parkman_n timber_n proper_a for_o ship_n as_o mast_n etc._n etc._n be_v unquestionable_o counterband_n but_o timber_n of_o promiscuous_a use_n be_v not_o counterband_n except_o in_o special_a case_n for_o the_o peculiar_a use_n of_o the_o war._n there_o be_v a_o particular_a article_n in_o the_o first_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o swede_n by_o which_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o in_o regard_n the_o most_o of_o the_o material_n of_o the_o swedish_n trade_n be_v pitch_n tar_n 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
law_n for_o such_o till_o the_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la gestum_fw-la erat_fw-la ratum_fw-la non_fw-la habebo_fw-la l._n 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la but_o by_o that_o edict_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n such_o deed_n and_o obligation_n as_o be_v by_o force_n and_o fear_n be_v make_v utter_o void_a though_o in_o equity_n the_o effect_n almost_o will_v be_v the_o same_o for_o see_v the_o delinquence_n do_v by_o extortion_n oblige_v to_o reparation_n if_o any_o shall_v be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o extort_a obligation_n he_o will_v have_v the_o exception_n of_o compensation_n upon_o the_o obligement_n of_o reparation_n and_o so_o may_v also_o by_o action_n obtain_v such_o obligation_n or_o other_o right_a to_o be_v annul_v this_o edict_n be_v not_o competent_a upon_o every_o force_n or_o fear_n but_o first_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v unlawful_a l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la second_o such_o as_o may_v befall_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o of_o life_n l._n 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o ff_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o torment_v of_o the_o body_n l._n 4._o c._n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bondage_n l._n 8._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o the_o loss_n of_o estate_n l._n 9_o ff_n quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la or_o infamy_n or_o disgrace_n l._n 8._o §_o 2._o ff_n eodem_fw-la or_o of_o bond_n and_o prison_n l._n 22._o ff_n eodem_fw-la but_o only_o unlawful_a and_o private_a and_o not_o public_a imprisonment_n l._n 3._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o competent_a upon_o reverential_a fear_n l._n 8._o ff_n l._n 6._o c._n eodem_fw-la nor_o upon_o fear_n contract_v upon_o power_n and_o dignity_n d._n l._n 6._o nor_o of_o threat_n l._n 9_o c._n eodem_fw-la except_o they_o be_v from_o powerful_a person_n l._n 23._o §_o 1._o quod_fw-la metus_fw-la causa_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o the_o edict_n be_v be_v pursue_v within_o a_o year_n unless_o reparation_n be_v make_v before_o sentence_n the_o party_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o quadruple_a and_o the_o penalty_n be_v triple_a and_o apply_v to_o the_o injure_v and_o after_o the_o year_n simple_a reparation_n l._n 14._o §_o 1._o ff_n eodem_fw-la our_o custom_n go_v much_o along_o with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o this_o but_o so_o as_o not_o bind_v thereby_o respect_v most_o when_o the_o true_a reciprocal_a cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n be_v force_n or_o fear_v not_o be_v vain_a or_o foolish_a fear_n and_o it_o be_v competent_a ordinary_o by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o sometime_o by_o exception_n spot_n exception_n tenant_n of_o cockburns-path_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o home_n it_o be_v eleided_a by_o a_o judicial_a ratification_n of_o the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n july_n 4._o 1642._o agnes_n graham_n contra_fw-la anthony_n balvaird_n extortion_n be_v more_o easy_o sustain_v in_o deed_n of_o weak_a person_n and_o therefore_o extortion_n be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o disposition_n by_o a_o facile_a weak_a person_n who_o be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o purchaser_n upon_o a_o caption_n of_o a_o three_o party_n and_o detain_v by_o his_o servant_n and_o officer_n and_o not_o by_o messenger_n and_o keep_v latent_fw-la in_o obscure_a house_n and_o carry_v from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o the_o night_n till_o he_o subscribe_v a_o disposition_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n for_o a_o cause_n not_o near_o the_o three_o of_o its_o value_n albeit_o there_o be_v produce_v a_o cancel_v minute_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n with_o the_o disposition_n in_o question_n wherein_o the_o two_o actor_n of_o the_o force_n be_v witness_n insert_v but_o the_o disponer_n name_n nor_o no_o part_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v but_o a_o lacerate_v place_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v cancel_v without_o any_o anterior_a adminicle_n to_o astruct_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o january_n 10._o 1677._o sir_n archibald_n stuart_n of_o castlemilk_n contra_fw-la sir_n john_n whitefoord_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o hamiltoun_n extortion_n fall_v most_o to_o be_v controvert_v in_o deed_n do_v by_o wife_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o deed_n be_v extreme_o to_o their_o prejudice_n and_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o their_o husband_n it_o be_v presume_v as_o do_v ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la thus_o a_o wife_n discharge_v of_o her_o whole_a contract_n be_v find_v null_n without_o allege_v any_o compulsion_n january_n 9_o 1623._o marshel_n contra_fw-la marshel_n but_o ordinary_o marital_a reverence_n be_v not_o sufficient_a though_o the_o husband_n be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o be_v thereafter_o divorce_v hope_n husband_n and_o wife_n hepburn_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n in_o the_o case_n of_o wife_n disposition_n or_o consent_v to_o their_o husband_n disposition_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v the_o same_o that_o the_o wife_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o subscribe_v before_o the_o witness_n declare_v that_o she_o be_v compel_v provide_v that_o a_o three_o party_n a_o stranger_n to_o the_o husband_n fault_n be_v restore_v nicol._n de_o his_o quae_fw-la vi_fw-la lady_n cockpen_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o conheath_n it_o be_v also_o find_v relevant_a to_o reduce_v a_o wife_n consent_n to_o her_o husband_n disposition_n because_o before_o he_o have_v beat_v menace_v and_o extrude_v she_o for_o not_o consent_v but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o wife_n appear_v well_o content_a at_o the_o subscription_n witness_n be_v examine_v hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la ex_fw-la officio_fw-la for_o trial_n of_o the_o truth_n june_n 27._o 1632._o cassie_n contra_fw-la fleming_n but_o where_o a_o husband_n be_v prove_v to_o be_v vir_fw-la foerox_n and_o that_o he_o do_v threaten_v his_o wife_n to_o do_v the_o deed_n in_o question_n and_o that_o she_o appear_v to_o the_o witness_n unwilling_a the_o time_n of_o the_o subscription_n it_o be_v find_v relevant_a june_n 24._o 1664._o woodhead_n contra_fw-la barbara_n nairn_n but_o a_o wife_n subscribe_v her_o husband_n testament_n contain_v provision_n prejudicial_a to_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n be_v not_o repone_v as_o have_v do_v it_o ex_fw-la reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la at_o her_o husband_n desire_n who_o be_v moribundus_fw-la he_o have_v lie_v long_o sick_a and_o she_o have_v marry_v within_o a_o year_n thereafter_o and_o the_o deed_n do_v to_o her_o only_a daughter_n january_n 24._o 1674._o marjory_n murray_n and_o michael_n jaffray_n contra_fw-la isobel_n murray_n upon_o the_o like_a ground_n extortion_n will_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o presume_v and_o sustain_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v weak_a and_o infirm_a of_o judgement_n or_o courage_n then_o of_o these_o who_o be_v know_v and_o confident_a and_o more_o easy_o in_o deed_n and_o obligation_n gratuitous_a and_o free_a then_o in_o such_o as_o be_v for_o a_o onerous_a cause_n which_o will_v not_o easy_o be_v annul_v unless_o manifest_a lesion_n do_v appear_v or_o that_o the_o compulsion_n be_v very_o evident_a yet_o the_o resignation_n of_o the_o earldom_n of_o mortoun_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n james_n the_o five_o be_v reduce_v because_o the_o resigner_n be_v then_o imprison_v by_o the_o king_n without_o any_o visible_a cause_n and_o be_v discharge_v the_o same_o day_n he_o make_v the_o resignation_n sinclar_n april_n 12._o 1543._o earl_n of_o mortoun_n contra_fw-la the_o queen_n metus_fw-la be_v sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o a_o party_n because_o he_o be_v take_v by_o caption_n be_v sick_a january_n 22._o 1667._o mr._n john_n mair_n contra_fw-la stuart_n of_o shambelly_n it_o be_v also_o sustain_v to_o reduce_v a_o bond_n grant_v by_o two_o son_n for_o free_v their_o father_n who_o be_v take_v by_o a_o caption_n though_o the_o charge_n be_v suspend_v he_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o hill_n and_o menace_v on_o his_o life_n though_o the_o son_n get_v abatement_n and_o so_o there_o appear_v a_o transaction_n december_n 8._o 1671._o mcnish_n contra_fw-la spalding_n and_o farquherson_n 9_o circumvention_n signify_v the_o act_n of_o fraud_n whereby_o a_o person_n be_v induce_v to_o a_o deed_n or_o obligation_n by_o deceit_n it_o be_v call_v dolus_fw-la malus_fw-la and_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o so_o not_o be_v know_v to_o the_o party_n induce_v before_o it_o can_v have_v any_o legal_a effect_n for_o he_o who_o know_v the_o snare_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v ensnare_v but_o to_o ensnare_v himself_o and_o though_o deceit_n be_v use_v yet_o where_o it_o be_v not_o deceit_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n but_o the_o party_n proper_a motion_n inclination_n or_o a_o equivalent_a cause_n onerous_a it_o infer_v not_o circumvention_n so_o neither_o do_v error_n nor_o mistake_v though_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obligation_n or_o deed_n and_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o err_a party_n and_o though_o if_o it_o
with_o industry_n and_o preserve_v with_o earnestness_n 32._o four_o when_o man_n increase_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o society_n become_v to_o be_v erect_v they_o possess_v whole_a country_n and_o divide_v they_o among_o they_o by_o meith_n and_o march_n and_o when_o any_o one_o of_o they_o swell_v to_o that_o greatness_n that_o their_o territory_n can_v not_o contain_v they_o either_o the_o whole_a or_o the_o excreass_n of_o they_o remove_v to_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o then_o inhabit_v and_o fix_v seat_n for_o themselves_o though_o the_o unjust_a ambition_n of_o some_o of_o they_o make_v they_o expel_v other_o yet_o that_o as_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v also_o abhor_v and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o rest_n from_o that_o same_o law_n to_o concur_v with_o and_o maintain_v the_o oppress_v so_o that_o almost_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n become_v change_v from_o its_o original_a community_n and_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_a consent_n of_o division_n and_o property_n establish_v throughout_o the_o world_n except_o some_o barbarous_a nation_n and_o nothing_o be_v leave_v common_a that_o can_v be_v proper_a but_o the_o few_o way_n of_o community_n of_o which_o before_o do_v only_o remain_v in_o which_o division_n and_o appropriation_n this_o also_o be_v employ_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o nation_n that_o what_o be_v possess_v or_o appropriate_v by_o none_o or_o relinquish_v be_v not_o now_o common_a to_o all_o but_o hold_v as_o belong_v to_o none_o that_o by_o possession_n it_o may_v be_v appropriate_a 33._o and_o therefore_o five_o property_n be_v introduce_v by_o possession_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v simple_o void_a and_o belong_v to_o none_o and_o that_o without_o limitation_n this_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o their_o common_a consent_n whence_o be_v that_o principle_n quod_fw-la nullius_fw-la est_fw-la fit_a occupantis_fw-la and_o this_o way_n of_o appropriation_n differ_v from_o the_o first_o way_n whereby_o thing_n common_a or_o their_o fruit_n become_v proper_a by_o seizure_n and_o possession_n for_o that_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o native_a community_n be_v with_o this_o limitation_n employ_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o community_n that_o one_o may_v seize_v upon_o no_o more_o than_o their_o use_n require_v without_o hurt_n to_o the_o rest_n who_o enjoy_v that_o same_o community_n as_o in_o a_o theatre_n which_o be_v common_a to_o a_o city_n every_o citizen_n as_o he_o come_v may_v possess_v a_o place_n for_o himself_o by_o stand_v or_o sit_v there_o but_o he_o may_v not_o along_o if_o thereby_o other_o of_o the_o society_n may_v be_v hinder_v to_o be_v present_a and_o behold_v so_o if_o property_n now_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o original_a community_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o straighten_a with_o the_o increase_n of_o man_n it_o will_v be_v the_o ground_n of_o perpetual_a contention_n and_o war_n that_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o be_v unequal_a and_o exceed_v and_o other_o have_v not_o enough_o therefore_o for_o preservation_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o mankind_n the_o custom_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n have_v allow_v property_n of_o thing_n void_a by_o occupation_n without_o any_o further_a debate_n all_o these_o way_n of_o appropriation_n be_v by_o possession_n or_o occupation_n and_o thus_o be_v all_o free_a creature_n appropriate_a as_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n wild_a beast_n of_o the_o earth_n fish_n of_o the_o sea_n without_o distinction_n upon_o who_o ground_n they_o be_v take_v and_o though_o man_n may_v be_v hinder_v to_o come_v within_o the_o ground_n of_o other_o there_o be_v now_o no_o ground_n for_o passage_n only_o upon_o account_n of_o hunt_v halk_a or_o fish_v yea_o though_o in_o some_o nation_n the_o use_n of_o some_o of_o these_o free_a creature_n be_v prohibit_v to_o any_o but_o to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n yet_o the_o personal_a restraint_n hinder_v not_o but_o he_o who_o seize_v upon_o any_o wild_a creature_n in_o another_o man_n bound_n it_o become_v his_o own_o though_o he_o be_v punishable_a for_o that_o trespass_n and_o positive_a law_n may_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n to_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o what_o he_o have_v take_v so_o likewise_o it_o be_v the_o first_o seizure_n that_o introduce_v property_n and_o not_o the_o first_o attempt_n and_o prosecution_n as_o he_o who_o pursue_v or_o wound_v a_o wild_a beast_n a_o fowl_n or_o fish_n be_v not_o thereby_o proprietar_n unless_o he_o have_v bring_v it_o within_o his_o power_n as_o if_o he_o have_v kill_v it_o or_o wound_v it_o to_o death_n or_o otherways_o give_v the_o effectual_a cause_n whereby_o it_o can_v use_v its_o native_a freedom_n as_o at_o the_o whale_n fish_v at_o greenland_n he_o that_o wound_v a_o whale_n so_o that_o she_o can_v keep_v the_o sea_n for_o the_o smart_n of_o her_o wound_n and_o so_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o land_n be_v proprietar_n and_o not_o he_o that_o lay_v first_o hand_n on_o she_o at_o land_n though_o the_o fall_n in_o upon_o another_o game_n when_o he_o alone_o be_v in_o prosecution_n may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d civility_n or_o injury_n yet_o it_o hinder_v not_o the_o constitution_n of_o property_n though_o it_o be_v a_o just_a ground_n to_o annul_v the_o right_n of_o the_o first_o possessor_n and_o make_v he_o restore_v to_o the_o first_o prosecutor_n if_o he_o continue_v his_o pursuit_n with_o a_o probability_n to_o reach_v his_o prey_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o last_o dutch_a war_n a_o frigate_n of_o the_o king_n called_z the_o nightingale_n and_o a_o french_a frigate_n be_v then_o auxiliary_a to_o the_o king_n in_o that_o war_n have_v rencounter_v a_o dutch_a privateer_n who_o have_v possess_v and_o man_v three_o pryze_n and_o have_v debel_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o prize_n make_v sail_v to_o escape_v while_o the_o two_o frigate_n be_v take_v two_o of_o these_o pryze_n a_o scotish_n privateer_n atack_v the_o three_o called_z the_o tortoice_n and_o make_v her_o strict_a sail_n but_o not_o know_v whether_o the_o other_o frigate_n be_v friend_n or_o foe_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n do_v not_o board_v she_o till_o they_o come_v near_o the_o french_a frigate_n be_v near_o than_o the_o english_a frigate_n both_o the_o french_a frigate_n and_o the_o scotish_n privateer_n claim_v the_o tortoice_n as_o their_o prize_n the_o english_a captain_n send_v the_o prize_n to_o leith_n and_o declare_v the_o case_n under_o his_o hand_n whereupon_o the_o admiral_n adjudge_v the_o tortoice_n prize_n to_o rankine_n the_o scotish_n privateer_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v bring_v before_o the_o lord_n by_o reduction_n the_o french_a privateer_n pursue_v not_o but_o the_o king_n advocate_n the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o frigate_n under_o the_o king_n pay_v have_v defeat_n the_o dutch_a privateer_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tortoice_n and_o be_v in_o view_n and_o prosecution_n of_o she_o that_o rankins_n capture_z and_o possession_n be_v injurious_a otherways_o then_o to_o assist_v the_o first_o attacker_n unless_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o prize_n will_v have_v escape_v if_o it_o have_v not_o be_v stop_v and_o force_v to_o strict_a sail_n to_o captain_n rankine_n february_n 15._o 1667._o king_n advocate_n contra_fw-la captain_n rankine_n the_o creature_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v free_a while_o they_o be_v not_o within_o the_o power_n of_o any_o but_o fish_n within_o pond_n be_v proper_a and_o fowl_n though_o never_o so_o wild_a while_o the_o be_v in_o custody_n among_o these_o free_a creature_n these_o which_o be_v tame_a be_v not_o comprehend_v but_o only_o these_o which_o be_v wild_a which_o if_o they_o be_v tame_v contrary_a their_o nature_n be_v so_o long_o proper_a as_o their_o tameness_n remain_v but_o if_o they_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a wildness_n the_o property_n thereof_o be_v lose_v so_o soon_o as_o the_o owner_n cease_v to_o pursue_v for_o possession_n it_o be_v so_o long_o continue_v or_o understand_v to_o be_v continue_v by_o the_o mind_n have_v once_o begin_v by_o bodily_a act_n and_o therefore_o prosecution_n of_o wild_a creature_n will_v not_o begin_v though_o it_o may_v continue_v the_o property_n of_o they_o bee_n be_v number_v among_o these_o wild_a creature_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o proper_a though_o they_o hive_n on_o tree_n more_o than_o fowl_n who_o set_v their_o nest_n thereupon_o but_o if_o they_o be_v within_o a_o skep_n or_o work_v in_o the_o hollow_a of_o a_o tree_n wall_n or_o in_o a_o house_n they_o be_v proper_a or_o while_o they_o hive_n or_o fly_v away_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o proprietar_n but_o thereafter_o they_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o next_o get_v they_o in_o his_o power_n as_o also_o these_o who_o be_v tame_v and_o become_v wild_a become_v they_o who_o regain_v and_o tame_v they_o again_o and_o return_v not_o to_o their_o first_o owner_n thus_o be_v
by_o their_o warrant_n or_o commission_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o all_o person_n under_o the_o dominion_n of_o such_o prince_n or_o people_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o make_v just_a reparation_n for_o the_o wrong_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v just_o and_o necessary_o allow_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n for_o if_o private_a person_n be_v injure_v by_o these_o who_o be_v not_o under_o one_o common_a authority_n with_o they_o by_o piracy_n pillage_n or_o otherways_o ofttimes_o they_o can_v know_v the_o injurer_n and_o all_o force_n be_v state_v in_o public_a authority_n they_o can_v make_v use_n thereof_o to_o redress_v or_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v only_o make_v application_n to_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o that_o society_n of_o people_n whereof_o they_o be_v member_n and_o represent_v and_o instruct_v the_o injury_n and_o damage_n sustain_v by_o they_o by_o the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n or_o state_n and_o thereupon_o desire_v that_o a_o redress_n may_v be_v demand_v which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o ambassador_n or_o other_o minister_n of_o state_n and_o if_o redress_n be_v not_o so_o obtain_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n of_o the_o person_n injure_v may_v and_o aught_o to_o give_v commission_n for_o seize_v upon_o the_o good_n of_o any_o of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o society_n whereof_o the_o injurer_n be_v member_n till_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o reparation_n be_v obtain_v and_o though_o there_o be_v that_o singularity_n in_o it_o that_o the_o good_n of_o these_o who_o do_v not_o the_o injury_n be_v take_v to_o satisfy_v the_o same_o yet_o therein_o there_o be_v not_o only_a necessity_n but_o moral_a justice_n allow_v and_o approven_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n by_o their_o common_a consent_n for_o without_o this_o society_n can_v not_o be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o the_o public_a association_n of_o people_n imply_v this_o in_o it_o that_o the_o society_n be_v liable_a for_o reparation_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o damage_n of_o any_o of_o their_o society_n when_o reparation_n be_v refuse_v reprysal_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o just_a satisfaction_n and_o therefore_o what_o be_v thereby_o seize_v aught_o to_o be_v adjndged_a in_o court_n of_o admiralty_n wherein_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o good_n seize_v belong_v to_o person_n of_o that_o society_n of_o which_o the_o injurer_n be_v a_o member_n and_o to_o be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n they_o be_v worth_a where_o they_o be_v bring_v in_o and_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o injure_a of_o their_o damage_n and_o interest_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n so_o that_o the_o excress_n shall_v be_v forthco_n ming_z to_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o so_o soon_o as_o satisfaction_n be_v obtain_v the_o reprysal_n ought_v to_o ceass_n neither_o do_v the_o usemaking_a of_o reprysal_n in_o this_o just_a order_n and_o measure_n import_v the_o breach_n of_o treaty_n or_o common_a peace_n or_o infer_v public_a war_n though_o they_o may_v become_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o 43._o but_o where_o the_o injury_n be_v public_a and_o attrocious_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v necessary_o and_o just_o allow_v public_a war_n not_o only_o to_o reach_v the_o moveable_n of_o public_a enemy_n but_o their_o territory_n jurisdiction_n and_o estate_n wherein_o the_o proportion_n of_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v so_o measure_v nor_o be_v it_o so_o consider_v as_o in_o reprysal_n that_o which_o accrue_v to_o private_a person_n in_o war_n be_v only_o the_o give_v of_o quarter_n or_o get_v of_o spoil_n in_o so_o far_o as_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v or_o permit_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o be_v ordinar_n to_o the_o soldier_n upon_o defate_n of_o their_o enemy_n to_o seize_v upon_o and_o appropriate_v such_o moveable_n as_o be_v upon_o their_o enemy_n person_n or_o in_o their_o baggage_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o encourage_n of_o soldier_n besiege_v and_o for_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o besiege_a the_o plunder_v of_o place_n gain_v by_o force_n be_v for_o some_o time_n permit_v and_o cease_v so_o soon_o as_o countermand_v in_o other_o case_n what_o belong_v to_o enemy_n be_v confiscate_v for_o public_a use_n and_o soldier_n ought_v to_o be_v content_v with_o their_o wage_n 44._o the_o main_a private_a interest_n in_o public_a war_n be_v that_o which_o accrue_v by_o commission_n grant_v by_o the_o admiral_n for_o seize_v and_o appropriate_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o public_a enemy_n and_o of_o these_o who_o become_v partaker_n of_o the_o war_n and_o who_o carry_v not_o themselves_o as_o friend_n or_o newter_n to_o the_o prince_n or_o state_n engage_v in_o the_o war_n for_o by_o our_o custom_n albeit_o such_o ship_n and_o good_n be_v confiscate_v as_o public_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n or_o state_n yet_o private_a person_n who_o undertake_v these_o commission_n have_v the_o expense_n and_o profit_n of_o these_o seazure_n pay_v a_o fifteen_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n and_o a_o ten_o part_n to_o the_o admiral_n there_o have_v be_v many_o question_n as_o to_o the_o right_n and_o interest_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n very_o full_o and_o accurat_o debate_v and_o decide_v in_o the_o session_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o late_a war_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o because_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o clear_v the_o important_a point_n that_o occur_v in_o these_o controversy_n and_o for_o vindicate_v of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o short_a method_n we_o can_v give_v account_n of_o what_o have_v be_v determine_v in_o all_o the_o pryze_n which_o come_v before_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n in_o these_o war_n the_o lord_n admiral_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o judge_n ordinar_n and_o the_o sole_a judge_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n of_o all_o prize_v take_v at_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n in_o all_o civil_a cause_n in_o scotland_n which_o be_v not_o determine_v by_o or_o depend_v before_o the_o parliament_n or_o their_o commissioner_n do_v upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n before_o final_a sentence_n advocate_n such_o cause_n wherein_o they_o find_v probable_a ground_n of_o iniquity_n allege_v and_o instruct_v or_o in_o the_o second_o instance_n after_o sentence_n do_v grant_v letter_n of_o suspension_n or_o reduction_n of_o the_o admiral_n decreet_n whereupon_o all_o intricat_a and_o difficile_a question_n in_o matter_n of_o pryze_n come_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v no_o question_n when_o the_o good_n and_o ship_n seize_v on_o belong_v to_o enemy_n but_o only_o when_o they_o do_v belong_v or_o be_v pretend_v to_o belong_v to_o ally_n or_o newter_n the_o lord_n upon_o complaint_n of_o iniquity_n commit_v by_o the_o admiral_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o judge_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o pryze_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n yet_o they_o find_v both_o by_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o power_n of_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o by_o the_o custom_n in_o former_a time_n that_o it_o be_v competent_a to_o the_o lord_n to_o advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o admiral_n upon_o iniquity_n albeit_o the_o process_n can_v begin_v before_o they_o in_o the_o first_o instance_n for_o as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n ordinar_n council_n all_o matter_n not_o belong_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o another_o court_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o may_v and_o oft_o have_v advocate_n cause_n from_o the_o justice_n general_n and_o other_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n albeit_o the_o lord_n can_v decide_v these_o cause_n as_o be_v only_a judge_n in_o cause_n civil_a yet_o they_o may_v advocate_n the_o same_o that_o in_o case_n the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v relevant_a and_o prove_v they_o may_v remit_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o proper_a and_o competent_a judge_n if_o the_o reason_n of_o advocation_n be_v upon_o incompetency_n or_o to_o other_o unsuspect_v judge_n if_o the_o reason_n be_v upon_o the_o suspicion_n of_o the_o judge_n as_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o cause_n or_o near_o relate_v to_o the_o party_n or_o have_v enmity_n against_o any_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o advocation_n raise_v by_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o bounder_n against_o captain_n gilleis_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o admiral_n have_v commit_v iniquity_n in_o grant_v a_o conjunct_a probation_n for_o prove_v the_o property_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o loadn_v the_o lord_n find_v this_o no_o relevant_a ground_n of_o advocation_n of_o the_o cause_n it_o be_v
enervat_fw-la their_o testimony_n if_o they_o be_v make_v to_o swear_v at_o sea_n the_o privateer_n and_o company_n have_v sword_n and_o pistol_n in_o their_o hand_n because_o to_o evite_v the_o insamy_n of_o perjury_n they_o may_v adhere_v in_o their_o judicial_a re-examination_n to_o their_o testimony_n take_v at_o sea_n upon_o oath_n albeit_o not_o true_a or_o if_o by_o force_n or_o just_a fear_n they_o do_v so_o depone_v before_o the_o admiral_n deput_n february_n 25._o 1668._o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o castle_n of_o riga_n contra_fw-la captain_n seatoun_n the_o like_a be_v find_v where_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n june_n 30._o 1668._o peterson_n contra_fw-la captain_n anderson_n and_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o captain_n allan_n and_o bartholomew_n parkman_n decide_v july_n 9_o 1668._o the_o ship_n be_v find_v prize_n for_o have_v a_o number_n of_o hollander_n sailor_n viz._n three_o the_o company_n be_v nine_o and_o for_o have_v a_o small_a parcel_n of_o tar_n as_o counterband_n aboard_o and_o have_v aboard_o the_o product_n of_o counterband_n take_v in_o the_o immediate_a return_n of_o that_o voyage_n upon_o all_o which_o ground_n joint_o the_o ship_n be_v declare_v prize_n but_o in_o this_o war_n there_o have_v no_o ship_n be_v declare_v prize_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n neither_o because_o the_o master_n be_v a_o hollander_n if_o he_o be_v not_o also_o a_o part_n owner_n albeit_o two_o of_o the_o company_n be_v hollander_n july_n 24._o 1673._o captain_n bennet_n contra_fw-la the_o owner_n of_o the_o pearl_n but_o the_o master_n be_v a_o hollander_n be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o suspicion_n and_o seazure_n but_o not_o of_o confiscation_n the_o property_n be_v prove_v to_o pertain_v to_o free_a man_n and_o therefore_o probation_n be_v allow_v to_o either_o party_n july_n 16._o 1673._o captain_n lyle_n contra_fw-la the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n call_v the_o leopard_n the_o hire_v of_o the_o enemy_n people_n be_v no_o assistance_n to_o they_o in_o the_o war_n but_o rather_o a_o weaken_n of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o these_o of_o the_o enemy_n country_n be_v only_o aboard_o as_o servant_n to_o newter_n and_o not_o upon_o their_o own_o account_n either_o as_o trader_n or_o passenger_n there_o have_v be_v no_o inquiry_n in_o the_o last_o war_n as_o to_o their_o residence_n neither_o have_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o that_o point_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o proclamation_n of_o war_n or_o in_o his_o majesty_n instruction_n to_o the_o admirality_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o though_o the_o law_n may_v have_v reach_v ship_n navigate_fw-la by_o hollander_n reside_v in_o holland_n and_o not_o change_v the_o domicile_a yet_o in_o favour_n and_o prudence_n that_o ground_n have_v not_o be_v sustain_v it_o be_v more_o the_o king_n interest_n to_o allow_v his_o enemy_n to_o withdraw_v from_o their_o country_n then_o to_o force_v they_o to_o serve_v only_o there_o counterband_n be_v not_o only_o a_o cause_n of_o confiscation_n when_o take_v go_v towards_o enemy_n port_n but_o also_o when_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o her_o return_n from_o the_o enemy_n port_n in_o that_o same_o voyage_n for_o then_o the_o delinquence_n be_v complete_a whereas_o it_o have_v not_o take_v effect_n before_o the_o ship_n attain_v the_o port_n and_o yet_o may_v be_v just_o seize_v before_o the_o full_a effect_n because_o the_o seazure_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o her_o voyage_n be_v the_o impediment_n that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o attain_v and_o therefore_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o nation_n have_v allow_v such_o seazure_n for_o otherways_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o hinder_v newter_n to_o carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o enemy_n for_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n neither_o will_v the_o pretence_n of_o alter_v their_o resolution_n to_o sail_v to_o or_o disload_v in_o a_o free_a port_n be_v a_o sufficient_a defence_n unless_o the_o ship_n be_v actual_o steer_v another_o course_n but_o if_o a_o ship_n shall_v be_v pursue_v to_o be_v search_v for_o counterband_n in_o her_o passage_n to_o a_o enemy_n port_n and_o shall_v be_v wait_v for_o till_o her_o return_n and_o take_v as_o she_o come_v from_o that_o port_n there_o can_v be_v far_o less_o pretence_n to_o excuse_v that_o delinquence_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o parkmans_n ship_n take_v by_o captain_n allan_n that_o she_o be_v take_v in_o the_o return_n of_o the_o same_o voyage_n in_o which_o she_o carry_v counterband_n to_o the_o enemy_n port_n july_n 9_o 1668._o and_o though_o in_o that_o case_n the_o reason_n be_v libel_v that_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v have_v in_o her_o the_o product_n of_o counterband_n have_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o counterband_n itself_o quia_fw-la surrogatum_fw-la sapit_fw-la naturam_fw-la surrogati_fw-la yet_o without_o that_o in_o the_o foresay_a case_n of_o captain_n lyle_n it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a that_o the_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o the_o return_n of_o that_o same_o voyage_n in_o which_o she_o carry_v counterband_n without_o mention_n of_o the_o product_n thereof_o july_n 16._o 1673._o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v find_v necessary_a that_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o owner_n that_o have_v carry_v in_o the_o counterband_n so_o that_o though_o the_o ship_n have_v be_v light_n without_o any_o load_n she_o will_v have_v be_v prize_n unless_o she_o have_v be_v a_o swedish_n ship_n and_o so_o secure_v by_o the_o swedish_n treaty_n confiscate_v only_a counterband_n when_o it_o be_v actual_o take_v it_o be_v a_o most_o convenient_a moderation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o the_o delinquence_n of_o carry_v counterband_n be_v follow_v no_o further_a than_o the_o immediate_a return_n of_o that_o voyage_n otherways_o it_o will_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o mar_v trade_n by_o perpetual_a quarrel_n upon_o pretence_n of_o counterband_n carry_v in_o to_o enemy_n in_o former_a voyage_n in_o these_o war_n there_o have_v be_v no_o occasion_n to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o confiscation_n if_o a_o ship_n be_v take_v in_o return_n of_o that_o voyage_n wherein_o she_o be_v load_v with_o enemy_n good_n the_o dutch_a by_o their_o declaration_n do_v prohibit_v all_o friend_n and_o ally_n not_o only_o to_o carry_v counterband-goods_a to_o any_o port_n in_o the_o king_n dominion_n but_o to_o be_v find_v therewith_o upon_o his_o coast_n or_o divert_v from_o the_o voyage_n they_o may_v make_v with_o counterband_n towards_o the_o king_n port_n hold_v that_o for_o a_o sufficient_a probation_n of_o their_o intend_v these_o port_n which_o be_v like_a they_o will_v not_o take_v off_o by_o document_n aboard_o express_v their_o own_o port_n or_o the_o port_n of_o newter_n it_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o procure_v false_a and_o colourable_a document_n yet_o that_o be_v never_o sustain_v as_o a_o relevant_a ground_n of_o adjudication_n with_o we_o by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o ally_n and_o newter_n upon_o account_n of_o counterband_n and_o the_o assistance_n give_v to_o enemy_n thereby_o have_v be_v clear_v the_o other_o chief_a ground_n of_o confiscation_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n of_o newter_n be_v by_o their_o concourse_n with_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o their_o trade_n and_o therefore_o in_o all_o the_o treaty_n the_o formula_fw-la of_o pass_n do_v require_v that_o it_o be_v attest_v upon_o oath_n that_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o ally_n and_o no_o part_n thereof_o to_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o likewise_o the_o particular_a kind_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o cargo_n and_o the_o owner_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o ship_n must_v be_v express_v some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o unfree_a ship_n confiscat_n the_o load_n as_o accessary_a thereto_o but_o that_o unfree_a load_n or_o a_o part_n thereof_o do_v not_o confiscate_v the_o ship_n which_o be_v but_o a_o groundless_a subtlety_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o confiscation_n be_v the_o partake_n with_o enemy_n in_o carry_v on_o of_o their_o trade_n it_o take_v place_n alike_o in_o the_o ship_n and_o load_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v a_o delinquence_n it_o have_v still_o the_o exception_n of_o the_o bona_fw-la fides_fw-la and_o ignorance_n of_o these_o who_o partake_v in_o that_o conjunction_n of_o trade_n but_o though_o the_o society_n or_o partnership_n be_v enter_v into_o before_o the_o war_n it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o liberat_fw-la see_v there_o be_v time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o dissolve_v it_o after_o july_n 17._o 1673._o master_n of_o the_o golden_a falcon_n contra_fw-la captain_n buchannan_n that_o a_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o a_o enemy_n do_v confiscate_v the_o whole_a ship_n and_o load_v have_v be_v of_o time_n decide_v even_o in_o
the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n they_o return_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o bear_n and_o therefore_o benefice_n of_o laic_a patronage_n as_o have_v proceed_v from_o these_o patron_n be_v except_v by_o the_o say_a act_n and_o though_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n the_o act_n of_o annexation_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n be_v rescind_v par._n 1606._o cap._n 6._o yet_o bishop_n be_v abolish_v par._n 1640._o cap._n 6._o their_o land_n be_v again_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1649._o cap._n whereby_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n by_o which_o the_o king_n interpose_v any_o person_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o these_o who_o be_v former_o vassal_n of_o kirkman_n be_v prohibit_v and_o declare_v null_n this_o act_n be_v rescind_v in_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a 1661._o cap._n 15._o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v in_o ward_n or_o blensh_o except_o upon_o excambion_n for_o as_o good_a land_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 234._o 37._o feus_n of_o kirk_n land_n by_o prelate_n or_o other_o benefice_a person_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o all_o requisite_a solemnity_n be_v esteem_v legal_a security_n without_o any_o particular_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n nor_o constitution_n oblige_v the_o subject_n thereto_o and_o in_o case_n any_o confirmation_n have_v be_v requisite_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n under_o his_o proper_a seal_n and_o subscription_n be_v sufficient_a par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o yet_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n authority_n be_v interpose_v to_o all_o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n therefore_o all_o feus_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n before_o the_o 8._o of_o march_n 1558._o or_o be_v thereafter_o not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 7._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o march_n 1558._o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n begin_v to_o be_v public_o profess_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o benefice_a person_n become_v hopeless_a to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o their_o kirk_n land_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o dilapidat_fw-la the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o office_n as_o the_o office_n of_o forrestrie_n though_o it_o have_v land_n annex_v thereto_o and_o a_o threave_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o every_o husband_n land_n of_o the_o abbacy_n see_v the_o statute_n mention_v only_a feus_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v but_o like_o a_o thirlage_n 20._o of_o january_n 1666._o lord_n renton_n contra_fw-la fever_n of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o the_o 7._o act_n par._n 1594._o that_o the_o old_a possessor_n be_v to_o have_v their_o confirmation_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o quadruple_a of_o their_o silver_n rend_v or_o the_o double_a of_o their_o ferm_n provide_v they_o seek_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o that_o act_n otherways_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o eight_o fold_n of_o the_o silver_n rend_v and_o the_o triple_a of_o the_o ferm_n and_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o grant_v confirmation_n to_o the_o old_a possessor_n upon_o these_o term_n and_o be_v so_o confirm_v the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v question_v upon_o aleadge_v dimunition_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o conversion_n in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o nullity_n invalidity_n or_o lesion_n or_o by_o any_o law_n canon_n or_o statute_n except_o improbation_n only_o and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o posterior_n feus_n shall_v not_o perjudge_v the_o anterior_a feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n and_o their_o convent_v with_o their_o common_a seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o any_o time_n be_v grant_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n predecessor_n under_o their_o privy_a seal_n though_o without_o far_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reformation_n most_o of_o the_o evident_n of_o kirk_n land_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a possessor_n be_v presume_v by_o their_o very_a possession_n to_o have_v right_o and_o for_o clear_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a possessor_n and_o what_o be_v kirk_n land_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 16._o of_o december_n 1612._o that_o ten_o year_n possossion_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o thirty_o year_n possession_n thereafter_o but_o interruption_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o right_n of_o kirk-land_n the_o same_o be_v possess_v as_o such_o and_o feu_n duty_n be_v pay_v to_o kirkman_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o have_v right_o from_o they_o after_o the_o reformation_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v 5._o of_o july_n 1626._o laird_n of_o kerse_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alva_n though_o much_o strong_a probation_n of_o be_v part_n of_o a_o temporal_a barronie_n for_o long_a time_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o contrary_a hope_n earl_n of_o home_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o balcleugh_n spot_n kirkman_n mr._n john_n hamiltone_n minister_n at_o linton_n contra_fw-la john_n tweedie_n second_o feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n be_v null_a except_o they_o be_v expede_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n or_o convent_v par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o three_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o benefice_a person_n as_o of_o themselves_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a see_v the_o property_n thereof_o be_v mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o the_o incumbent_n be_v but_o as_o liferenter_n administrator_n and_o tutor_n it_o be_v also_o express_o declare_v and_o statute_n that_o any_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o change_v of_o victual_n for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o disposition_n make_v the_o benefice_n in_o a_o worse_a estate_n then_o at_o the_o kirk-mens_n entry_n shall_v be_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o burgh_n by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o common_a land_n or_o other_o right_n of_o the_o incorporation_n and_o that_o for_o burgal_o service_n in_o watch_v and_o ward_n within_o their_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n these_o can_v have_v no_o casualty_n because_o incorporation_n die_v not_o and_o so_o their_o land_n can_v never_o fall_v in_o ward_n or_o in_o nonentrie_n these_o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o incorporation_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o burgal_n service_n watch_v and_o ward_n within_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o particular_a person_n infeft_v be_v the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v the_o king_n baily_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o such_o infeftment_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o seasine_n of_o burgage_n land_n shall_v only_o be_v give_v by_o the_o bailzie_n and_o common_a clerk_n thereof_o otherways_o the_o famine_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o registration_n of_o seasin_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o seasin_n within_o burgh_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 27._o 39_o infeftment_n of_o mortisied_a land_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o incorporation_n have_v no_o other_o reddendo_fw-la than_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o mortification_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o kirk-man_n or_o grant_v by_o other_o private_a man_n to_o the_o provost_n and_o prebendar_n of_o college_n kirk_n found_v for_o sing_v or_o to_o chaplain_n preceptor_n or_o alterage_n in_o which_o the_o patronage_n remain_v in_o the_o mortifier_n 40._o of_o all_o these_o mortification_n there_o remain_v nothing_o now_o except_o the_o benefice_n of_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o the_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n which_o be_v rather_o allodial_a than_o feudal_n have_v no_o hold_v reddendo_fw-la or_o renovatione_fw-la yet_o be_v esteem_v as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o mortification_n and_o therefore_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v belong_v to_o parson_n viccar_n and_o other_o kirk-man_n before_o the_o reformation_n after_o which_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v the_o same_o feu_fw-fr or_o in_o long_o tack_v without_o the_o royal_a assent_n and_o the_o minister_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v the_o principal_a manse_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v find_v sufficient_a whither_o
horn_n these_o occur_v after_o the_o disposition_n will_v be_v upon_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o acquirer_n and_o not_o the_o author_n disponer_o but_o if_o the_o warrandice_n be_v in_o the_o superior_n charter_n burden_v himself_o it_o will_v be_v extend_v to_o all_o subsequent_a distress_n through_o his_o fault_n and_o so_o to_o recognition_n liferent-escheat_n or_o nonentry_n but_o it_o will_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n or_o other_o fault_n of_o the_o superior_n superior_a neither_o will_v it_o extend_v to_o the_o ward_n or_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o superior_a bind_v in_o warrandice_n fail_v thereafter_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v for_o no_o provident_a man_n be_v presume_v to_o guard_v against_o these_o unless_o it_o be_v so_o express_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v little_a advantage_n by_o special_a clause_n of_o warrandice_n for_o the_o general_a clause_n reach_v all_o eviction_n from_o anteriour_a cause_n yea_o the_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o though_o there_o be_v no_o clause_n of_o warrandice_n express_v if_o the_o right_o warrant_v be_v for_o cause_n onerous_a viz._n sum_n of_o money_n or_o equivalent_a value_n unless_o by_o the_o special_a warrandice_n future_a deed_n infer_v eviction_n or_o which_o will_v not_o infer_v it_o ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v express_v warrandice_n be_v never_o infer_v from_o infeftment_n from_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a superior_a and_o though_o they_o be_v express_v will_v have_v no_o effect_n neither_o be_v the_o warrandice_n of_o infeftment_n by_o churchman_n effectual_a against_o their_o successor_n in_o office_n yea_o express_a warrandice_n of_o feus_n or_o tack_n of_o kirk-land_n thereafter_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n after_o the_o say_a warrandice_n do_v neither_o reach_n the_o granter_n thereof_o nor_o their_o successor_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o and_o cap._n 110._o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v there_o render_v because_o the_o church-land_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o subsequent_a law_n infeftment_n do_v frequent_o bear_v condition_n reservation_n provision_n and_o exception_n which_o give_v great_a ground_n of_o debate_n which_o therefore_o must_v here_o be_v clear_v there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o infeftment_n may_v either_o be_v pure_a or_o conditional_a some_o condition_n be_v employ_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n and_o be_v effectual_a though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v 47._o as_o in_o ward-holdings_a the_o vassal_n can_v alienate_v without_o his_o superior_n be_v consent_v which_o a_o effectual_a resolutive_a condition_n whereby_o if_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v alienate_v the_o whole_a become_v extinct_a &_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a as_o he_o give_v it_o 48._o infeftment_n of_o warrandice_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v take_v no_o effect_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o eviction_n of_o the_o principal_a land_n infeftment_n for_o relief_n of_o cautionry_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o effect_n till_o distress_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v ceass_n by_o relief_n infeftment_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o sum_n imply_v this_o condition_n that_o the_o sum_n be_v satisfy_v they_o be_v extinct_a and_o the_o author_n infeftment_n revive_v and_o stand_v valid_a without_o necessity_n of_o renovation_n 49._o infeftment_n give_v for_o a_o particular_a office_n and_o bear_v not_o assigney_n or_o substitute_n as_o to_o be_v a_o ensign-bearer_n advocate_n or_o chaplain_n with_o land_n and_o annual_a rent_n annex_v do_v imply_v this_o condition_n that_o the_o heir_n be_v capable_a to_o exerce_fw-la these_o office_n and_o therefore_o by_o his_o inability_n they_o ceass_n unless_o they_o be_v grant_v to_o assigney_n with_o power_n of_o substitution_n in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o another_o 50._o infeftment_n by_o excambion_n do_v imply_v this_o tacit_n condition_n that_o if_o the_o one_o tenement_n excamb_v be_v evict_v there_o be_v recourse_n to_o the_o other_o tenement_n with_o which_o it_o be_v excamb_v for_o therein_o excambion_n or_o permutation_n differ_v from_o sale_n this_o recourse_n be_v effectual_a not_o only_o to_o the_o heir_n but_o to_o the_o singular_a successor_n of_o both_o party_n whether_o by_o voluntar_n or_o judicial_a right_n and_o therefore_o regress_n be_v sustain_v against_o a_o apprize_a prior_n to_o the_o eviction_n without_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v that_o the_o excamber_n have_v right_a when_o he_o change_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o deliver_v his_o right_n to_o the_o other_o party_n and_o therefore_o a_o old_a charter_n from_o the_o king_n bearing_z the_o land_n to_o have_v be_v dispone_v in_o excambion_n for_o the_o other_o party_n land_n and_o express_v regress_n but_o without_o mention_n of_o assigney_n yet_o be_v find_v effectual_a to_o a_o singular_a successor_n july_n 14._o 1629._o laird_n of_o wairdess_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o balcomie_n in_o this_o process_n it_o be_v find_v that_o no_o person_n need_v to_o be_v cite_v but_o the_o present_a proprietar_n of_o the_o land_n excamb_v and_o the_o heir_n or_o appear_v and_o heir_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o excambion_n july_n 2._o 1629._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la and_o that_o regress_n be_v effectual_a against_o a_o appryzer_n of_o the_o excamb_v land_n it_o be_v so_o decide_v december_n 21._o 1623._o earl_n of_o montrose_n contra_fw-la sir_n george_n ker._n 51._o the_o law_n do_v also_o introduce_v condition_n in_o infeftment_n which_o do_v not_o arise_v from_o their_o nature_n as_o in_o feus_n by_o the_o common_a feudal_n law_n and_o by_o special_a statute_n with_o we_o whereby_o if_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n hail_n and_o together_o that_o the_o feu_n shall_v be_v extinct_a and_o lose_v parl._n 1597._o cap._n 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v therefore_o beyond_o doubt_n that_o such_o clause_n be_v effectual_a whether_o express_v or_o not_o express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n 52._o it_o be_v also_o incontrovert_v that_o liferent_n one_o or_o more_o may_v be_v effectual_o reserve_v in_o infeftment_n which_o will_v pass_v therewith_o as_o a_o real_a burden_n to_o all_o singular_a successor_n and_o needs_o no_o other_o infeftment_n 53._o infeftment_n be_v also_o sometime_o burden_v with_o the_o exception_n of_o other_o infeftment_n which_o exception_n if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o dispositive_a clause_n as_o a_o burden_n upon_o the_o infeftment_n they_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 54._o infeftment_n be_v also_o frequent_o burden_v with_o faculty_n or_o power_n to_o affect_v or_o burden_v the_o land_n or_o other_o dispone_v and_o that_o either_o absolute_o at_o the_o disponers_n pleasure_n for_o such_o sum_n to_o child_n or_o creditor_n which_o clause_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o disposition_n by_o father_n to_o their_o elder_a son_n and_o be_v very_o ample_o interpret_v against_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n though_o the_o way_n of_o burden_v may_v have_v be_v defective_a as_o by_o a_o base_a infeftment_n not_o clad_v with_o possession_n or_o by_o bond_n of_o provision_n though_o no_o infeftment_n follow_v as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o relict_n of_o robert_n earl_n of_o carnwath_n contra_fw-la gavin_n earl_n of_o carnwath_n and_o a_o disposition_n by_o a_o father_n to_o his_o son_n witha_v power_n to_o burden_n with_o such_o a_o sum_n a_o bond_n grant_v thereafter_o to_o his_o daughter_n without_o mention_n of_o that_o power_n be_v find_v effectual_a against_o the_o son_n in_o so_o far_o as_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o father_n movable_n june_n 24._o 1677._o margaret_n hopringle_n contra_fw-la george_n hopringle_n though_o these_o may_v be_v more_o strict_o interpret_v in_o the_o case_n of_o singular_a successor_n acquire_v for_o onerous_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o mouswal_n contra_fw-la the_o child_n of_o mouswal_n who_o have_v dispone_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o elder_a son_n by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n reserve_v a_o power_n to_o himself_o to_o burden_v it_o with_o such_o a_o sum_n to_o his_o bairn_n have_v give_v they_o bond_n of_o provision_n with_o a_o base_a infeftment_n the_o same_o be_v prefer_v without_o possession_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o reservation_n to_o the_o posterior_n public_a infeftment_n of_o the_o creditor_n for_o prior_n debt_n see_v he_o have_v then_o a_o estate_n sufficient_a for_o all_o his_o debt_n and_o his_o bairn_n portion_n it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o clause_n contain_v in_o infeftment_n be_v not_o real_a burden_n affect_v singular_a successor_n such_o as_o warrandice_n which_o only_o obliege_v the_o warrant_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o be_v mere_o personal_a so_o than_o the_o difficulty_n remain_v what_o clause_n insert_v in_o infeftment_n be_v real_a burden_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n first_o then_o if_o the_o infeftment_n bear_v a_o provision_n that_o the_o person_n infeft_v shall_v pay_v such_o a_o sum_n or_o do_v such_o
of_o the_o debt_n arrest_v be_v prefer_v to_o a_o prior_n arrestment_n lay_v on_o before_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n upon_o the_o debt_n arrest_v july_n 5._o 1673_o birnie_n contra_fw-la mowat_n and_o crawfoord_n and_o a_o arrestment_n lay_v on_o verbal_o by_o a_o town_n officer_n be_v exclude_v by_o a_o posterior_n arrestment_n have_v a_o execution_n before_o witness_n albeit_o the_o verbal_a execution_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n july_n 19_o 1678._o warrock_n contra_fw-la brown_n and_o a_o first_o arrester_n be_v not_o exclude_v for_o want_v of_o diligence_n but_o be_v prefer_v to_o a_o posterior_n arrester_n who_o have_v bring_v his_o cause_n to_o be_v conclude_v at_o which_o time_n the_o prior_n arrester_n compear_v and_o produce_v a_o assignation_n after_o his_o arrestment_n from_o the_o common_a debtor_n whereby_o he_o need_v no_o further_a diligence_n july_n 19_o 1673._o birnie_n contra_fw-la crawford_n this_o 〈◊〉_d be_v find_v no_o voluntary_a gratification_n see_v it_o prefer_v the_o first_o legal_a diligence_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o assignee_n by_o a_o bankrupt_a be_v prefer_v to_o a_o posterior_n arrester_n in_o respect_n the_o assignee_n have_v use_v the_o first_o diligence_n by_o horning_n before_o the_o arrestment_n novem._n 20._o 1677._o bishop_n of_o glasgow_n contra_fw-la nicolas_n and_o brown_n title_n xxiv_o disposition_n where_o of_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n of_o real_a right_n 1._o disposition_n of_o proper_o carry_v virtual_o all_o lesser_a right_n 2._o how_o superveening_a right_n belong_v to_o author_n belong_v to_o their_o singular_a successor_n 3._o disposition_n descrive_v 4._o how_o disposition_n be_v accomplish_v in_o equity_n 5._o how_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o other_o civil_a nation_n 6._o possession_n accomplish_v real_a right_n 7._o proper_o of_o movable_n be_v presume_v from_o possession_n 8._o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la 9_o disposition_n or_o assignation_n by_o these_o who_o have_v no_o right_n with_o consent_n of_o these_o who_o have_v right_o how_o far_o effectual_a 10._o procuratory_n or_o infeftment_n of_o resignation_n after_o forty_o year_n possession_n by_o charter_n need_v not_o be_v produce_v 11._o infeftment_n on_o resignation_n carry_v any_o lesser_a right_n in_o the_o disponer_n though_o not_o express_v 12._o the_o effect_n of_o resignation_n accept_v by_o the_o superior_a before_o infeftment_n follow_v thereon_o 13._o superior_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o receive_v the_o singular_a successor_n of_o of_o the_o vassal_n after_o infeftment_n expede_n though_o it_o bear_v to_o the_o vassal_n heir_n and_o assigney_n 14._o appryzing_n can_v only_o proceed_v on_o liquid_a sum_n 15._o appryzing_n reach_v all_o heritable_a right_n though_o not_o provide_v to_o assigney_n 16._o appryzing_n carry_v all_o personal_a right_n without_o intimation_n 17._o the_o rise_n of_o infeftment_n upon_o posterior_n appryzing_n 18._o infeftment_n may_v be_v obtain_v summary_o upon_o appryzing_n after_o the_o debtor_n death_n 19_o the_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n as_o to_o nonentry_n ward_n and_o liferent-escheat_n 20._o the_o denunciation_n whereupon_o apprize_a follow_v render_v the_o matter_n litigious_a and_o exclude_v posterior_n voluntary_a right_n 21._o competition_n of_o appryzing_n 22._o the_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n at_o the_o instance_n ofsuperiours_n against_o their_o own_o vassal_n 23._o the_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n as_o to_o remove_n mail_n and_o duty_n 24._o allowance_n of_o appryzing_n 25._o whether_o superior_n must_v receive_v appryzer_n not_o instruct_v their_o author_n right_o 26._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v due_a to_o superior_n for_o enter_v appryzer_n 27._o what_o course_n be_v competent_a against_o contumacious_a superior_n 28._o the_o legal_a reversion_n of_o appryzing_n 29._o appryzers_n may_v use_v other_o diligence_n for_o their_o payment_n though_o the_o apprizing_n be_v expire_v 30._o nullity_n of_o apprizing_n 31._o modification_n of_o exorbitant_a penalty_n in_o apprizing_n 32._o apprize_v sustain_v without_o a_o charge_n for_o the_o sum_n 33._o apprize_v sustain_v though_o the_o letter_n and_o execuiton_n be_v blank_a as_o to_o the_o land_n the_o messenger_n who_o denunce_v be_v judge_n to_o the_o apprize_n in_o which_o they_o be_v fill_v up_o which_o be_v a_o more_o solemn_a execution_n 34._o a_o apprize_v sustain_v without_o produce_v the_o letter_n of_o apprize_v be_v long_o before_o but_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o debt_n be_v find_v necessary_a to_o be_v produce_v within_o prescription_n 35._o a_o apprize_v sustain_v though_o by_o dispensation_n at_o a_o private_a place_n and_o the_o court_n of_o apprize_v adjourn_v 36._o a_o apprize_n of_o right_n general_o prefer_v to_o a_o posterior_n apprize_v of_o the_o right_n in_o special_a be_v a_o annualrent_a 37._o apprizing_n become_v extinct_a by_o payment_n and_o the_o debtor_n right_o revive_v without_o new_a investiture_n 38._o in_o what_o case_n apprizer_n must_v possess_v and_o how_o they_o be_v countable_a 39_o what_o alteration_n in_o apprizing_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1661._o cap._n 62._o as_o to_o the_o endurance_n of_o the_o legal_a and_o come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la 40._o now_o apprizing_n come_v in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o debtor_n appearand_a heir_n be_v satisfiable_a from_o he_o or_o his_o trusty_n 41._o how_o apprizing_n against_o party_n charge_v to_o enter_v heir_n be_v redeemable_a 42._o legal_n run_v not_o against_o minor_n 43._o apprizer_n continue_v to_o possess_v after_o the_o legal_a can_v use_v no_o other_o diligence_n but_o the_o sum_n be_v thereby_o satisfy_v though_o a_o part_n of_o the_o land_n be_v evict_v the_o rest_n be_v worth_a the_o whole_a sum_n 44._o the_o rise_n of_o adjudication_n 45._o the_o form_n of_o adjudication_n on_o renunciation_n to_o be_v heir_n 46._o why_o adjudication_n pass_v at_o random_n and_o may_v now_o be_v put_v to_o instruct_v some_o interest_n in_o the_o debtor_n 47._o what_o right_n be_v affect_v with_o adjudication_n 48._o superior_n must_v receive_v adjudger_n pay_v a_o year_n rent_n unless_o they_o pay_v the_o creditor_n and_o then_o the_o superior_a will_v have_v no_o year_n rent_n 49._o how_o adjudication_n be_v redeemable_a 50._o adjudication_n may_v be_v for_o the_o appearand_a heir_n own_o debt_n 51._o how_o adjudication_n become_v extinct_a 52._o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o adjudication_n to_o perfect_a disposition_n 53._o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o partial_a and_o total_a adjudication_n introduce_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 6._o of_o september_n 1672._o a_o disposition_n may_v and_o sometime_o do_v signify_v the_o alienation_n of_o any_o right_n whether_o real_a or_o personal_a so_o the_o stile_n and_o translation_n ordinary_o bear_v the_o assigney_n to_o transfer_v and_o dispone_v as_o assignation_n be_v sometime_o extend_v to_o the_o disposal_n of_o real_a right_n which_o be_v srequent_o provide_v not_o only_o to_o heir_n but_o to_o assigney_n yet_o these_o term_n be_v so_o appropriate_a and_o distinguish_v that_o a_o disposition_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o alienation_n of_o real_a right_n and_o assignation_n of_o personal_a right_n 1._o in_o both_o disposition_n and_o assignation_n the_o disponer_n or_o cedent_fw-la be_v call_v author_n and_o the_o acquirer_n be_v call_v the_o singular_a successor_n and_o in_o both_o this_o common_a brockard_n take_v place_n jus_o superveniens_fw-la authori_fw-la accrescit_fw-la successori_fw-la that_o be_v what_o ever_o right_o befall_v to_o the_o author_n after_o his_o disposition_n or_o assignation_n it_o accress_v to_o his_o successor_n to_o who_o he_o have_v before_o dispone_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o his_o person_n when_o he_o dispone_v and_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v express_o dispone_v by_o he_o whence_o arise_v the_o distinction_n betwixt_o disposition_n and_o assignation_n express_v and_o implicit_a or_o tacit_n when_o the_o right_o be_v not_o express_o dispone_v but_o tacit_o or_o virtual_o as_o he_o who_o dispones_fw-la the_o property_n hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la do_v tacit_o and_o virtual_o dispone_v any_o lesser_a right_n as_o a_o reversion_n servitude_n liferent_a though_o no_o particular_a mention_n be_v of_o these_o according_a to_o another_o rule_n of_o law_n majori_fw-la inest_fw-la minis_fw-la so_o airy_a person_n infeft_v in_o property_n and_o his_o seasine_a registrat_n will_v have_v right_a to_o a_o reversion_n if_o no_o more_o be_v in_o the_o disponers_n person_n albeit_o assignation_n to_o reversion_n require_v special_a solemnity_n as_o to_o be_v registrat_n in_o the_o register_n of_o reversion_n yet_o the_o registration_n of_o this_o seasine_a will_v be_v equivalent_a so_o a_o liferent_a right_n grant_v by_o he_o who_o have_v only_o right_a of_o tack_v be_v find_v to_o carry_v the_o right_n of_o that_o tack_v during_o the_o liferenters_n life_n hope_v liferent_n laird_n rossyth_n contra_fw-la his_o tenant_n the_o like_a of_o a_o back-tack_n ibid._n lady_n boyd_n contra_fw-la her_o tenant_n stuart_n
which_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v verify_v within_o a_o year_n of_o the_o first_o adjudication_n the_o lord_n adjudge_v and_o reserve_v these_o defence_n contra_fw-la executionem_fw-la by_o suspension_n in_o which_o term_n will_v be_v grant_v because_o of_o the_o reservation_n but_o there_o be_v this_o advantage_n that_o how_o long_o soever_o the_o suspension_n be_v of_o expede_v the_o first_o decreet_a be_v within_o the_o year_n bring_v the_o adjudger_n in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la title_n xxv_o confiscation_n where_o of_o single_a escheat_n liferent-escheat_n shipwreck_n waith-goods_a treasure_n forefaulture_n bastardy_n and_o last-heir_n 1._o the_o tenor_n of_o letter_n of_o horning_n 2._o the_o execution_n of_o horning_n must_v bear_v the_o party_n charge_v personal_o or_o at_o his_o dwellinghouse_n design_v 3._o the_o execution_n at_o the_o dwellinghouse_n must_v bear_v six_o knock_n at_o the_o most_o patent_n gate_n because_o the_o messenger_n can_v get_v no_o entry_n 4._o the_o knock_n must_v be_v audible_a that_o these_o within_o may_v hear_v 5_o if_o the_o messenger_n get_v entry_n the_o delivery_n of_o a_o copy_n to_o any_o of_o the_o family_n be_v sufficient_a without_o knock_n and_o must_v be_v so_o express_v 6_o the_o day_n requisite_a for_o the_o charge_n beyond_o the_o water_n of_o dee_n 7._o the_o denunciation_n must_v be_v against_o the_o party_n and_o at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o he_o dwell_v 8._o the_o denunciation_n must_v bear_v three_o oyess_n or_o the_o equivalent_a 9_o the_o execution_n must_v bear_v three_o blast_n of_o the_o horn._n 10._o the_o execution_n must_v be_v stamp_v 11._o the_o horning_n must_v be_v registrate_n and_o how_o 12._o denunciation_n after_o satisfaction_n have_v no_o effect_n 13._o the_o effect_n of_o general_a letter_n of_o horning_n 14._o the_o order_n and_o effect_n of_o relaxation_n from_o the_o horn._n 15._o the_o single_a escheat_n and_o extent_n thereof_o 16._o how_o far_o the_o denunced_n debt_n or_o deed_n affect_v his_o escheat-goods_a 17._o gist_n of_o escheat_n and_o preference_n thereof_o 18._o gift_n of_o escheat_n not_o express_v the_o particular_a horning_n whereon_o they_o proceed_v 19_o gift_n of_o escheat_n though_o bear_v good_n to_o be_v acquire_v extend_v but_o to_o these_o acquire_v within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o gift_n 20._o escheat_n within_o regality_n 21._o in_o what_o case_n gift_n ofescheat_n be_v hold_v simulat_fw-la 22._o who_o must_v be_v call_v in_o the_o general_a declarator_n 23._o the_o title_n and_o tenor_n of_o general_a declarator_n 24._o exception_n against_o general_a declarator_n 25._o special_a declarator_n of_o escheat_n 26._o liferent-escheat_n 27._o confiscation_n of_o treasure_n waith_n or_o shipwrack-goods_a 28._o forefaulture_n 29._o several_a kind_n of_o treason_n by_o statute_n 30._o forefaulture_n confiscat_n without_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o debt_n or_o infeftment_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n 31._o how_o far_o fews_n be_v effectual_a against_o forefaulture_n 32._o how_o far_o tack_n of_o forefault_n land_n be_v effectual_a 33._o forefaulture_n by_o arescinded_a act_n be_v burden_v with_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o rebel_n 34._o forefaulture_n when_o and_o how_o it_o may_v proceed_v in_o absence_n 35._o how_o far_o the_o person_n of_o the_o rebel_n give_v right_o to_o the_o fisk._n 36_o the_o effect_n offorefaulture_n of_o appearand_a heir_n 37._o in_o what_o case_n forefaulture_n dishabilitat_v 38_o how_o far_o the_o forefaulture_n of_o appearand_a heir_n may_v be_v extend_v 39_o explanation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1594._o cap._n 202._o import_v burden_v of_o forfaulture_n with_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o rebel_n 40_o forefaulture_n be_v reducible_a upon_o any_o nullity_n but_o only_o by_o way_n of_o grace_n 41_o how_o far_o forefaulture_n take_v effect_n without_o declarator_n 42_o what_o child_n be_v lawful_a and_o what_o bastard_n 43_o declarator_n of_o bastardy_n 44_o the_o effect_n of_o bastardy_n as_o to_o succession_n 45_o legitimation_n and_o effect_n thereof_o 46_o how_o the_o debt_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o bastard_n affect_v his_o estate_n 47_o ultimus_n haeres_fw-la and_o the_o difference_n thereof_o from_o bastardy_n the_o conveyance_n and_o transmission_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o right_n from_o private_a party_n to_o the_o fisk_n be_v here_o comprehend_v under_o one_o common_a term_n and_o title_n of_o confiscation_n it_o be_v not_o proper_a in_o this_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o fisk_n or_o privilege_n thereof_o or_o upon_o the_o several_a cause_n upon_o which_o confiscation_n follow_v these_o be_v public_a right_n but_o we_o shall_v only_o consider_v the_o several_a kind_n of_o right_n or_o thing_n that_o befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n from_o private_a party_n and_o how_o they_o return_v to_o private_a party_n again_o by_o gift_n and_o process_n thereupon_o and_o this_o be_v either_o in_o reference_n to_o movable_n liferent_n or_o the_o property_n and_o stock_n of_o heritable_a right_n and_o other_o movable_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n either_o whole_o and_o entire_a and_o that_o be_v chief_o by_o denunciation_n and_o rebellion_n or_o by_o some_o special_a statute_n the_o penalty_n whereof_o be_v confiscation_n of_o movable_n such_o be_v breach_n of_o arrestment_n or_o deforcement_n wherein_o though_o the_o private_a party_n injure_v have_v a_o interest_n yet_o in_o effect_n the_o whole_a be_v confiscate_v and_o a_o part_n belong_v to_o that_o party_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o statute_n thereanent_fw-la whereby_o they_o be_v constitute_v donatar_n or_o otherways_o some_o particular_a movable_n befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n either_o by_o custom_n as_o waith-goods_a shipwreck_n etc._n etc._n or_o by_o statute_n liferent_n befall_v to_o the_o fisk_n by_o the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o remain_v unrelax_v year_n and_o day_n or_o by_o such_o statute_n who_o penalty_n be_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o liferent_a the_o stock_n or_o property_n of_o heritable_a right_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n by_o forefaulture_n or_o become_v caduciary_n the_o confiscation_n of_o the_o whole_a movable_n be_v call_v the_o single-escheat_n and_o of_o the_o liferent_a be_v call_v the_o liferent-escheat_n we_o shall_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o single-escheat_n of_o movable_n by_o denunciation_n have_v speak_v of_o breach_n of_o arrestment_n and_o deforcement_n title_n reparation_n second_o of_o liferent-escheat_n three_o of_o escheat_n of_o particular_a good_n as_o shipwreck_n etc._n etc._n four_o of_o forefaulture_n and_o last_o of_o thing_n caduciary_a especial_o by_o bastardy_n and_o last_o heir_n and_o of_o gift_n and_o process_n thereupon_o escheat_n though_o it_o be_v a_o common_a term_n signify_v any_o confiscation_n yet_o it_o be_v restrict_v to_o movable_n and_o liferent_n and_o most_o proper_o to_o movable_n so_o that_o when_o it_o be_v simple_o express_v it_o be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o single-escheat_n or_o escheat_n of_o movable_n but_o before_o we_o descend_v thereto_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v of_o the_o ordinary_a cause_n thereof_o and_o of_o liferent-escheat_n viz_o horning_n horning_n proceed_v thus_o by_o letter_n executorial_n give_v warrant_n to_o messenger_n at_o arm_n to_o charge_v any_o party_n in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o obey_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o letter_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o rebellion_n and_o if_o he_o obey_v not_o within_o the_o day_n of_o the_o charge_n give_v power_n to_o denounce_v he_o rebel_n by_o public_a proclamation_n at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n bargh_n of_o the_o shire_n stewartry_n bailliarie_n of_o royalty_n or_o regality_n within_o the_o which_o the_o denunced_a dwell_v and_o that_o by_o publickread_v of_o the_o letter_n of_o horning_n and_o give_v three_o blast_n of_o a_o horn_n for_o the_o clear_a manifestation_n and_o notice_n thereof_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v call_v horning_n and_o because_o of_o the_o certification_n the_o party_n denunce_v be_v call_v rebel_n by_o a_o term_n too_o rough_a such_o person_n not_o be_v in_o hostility_n against_o the_o king_n nor_o be_v public_a enemy_n but_o only_o denunce_v upon_o cause_n civil_a which_o they_o lie_v under_o frequent_o not_o through_o contempt_n but_o inability_n to_o satisfy_v the_o english_a do_v more_o proper_o call_v this_o execution_n out-lawerie_a whereby_o the_o party_n becume_v outlaw_n and_o have_v not_o a_o person_n to_o stand_v in_o judgement_n active_a or_o passive_a and_o if_o such_o shall_v be_v call_v by_o we_o the_o denunce_v it_o be_v smooth_a and_o more_o suitable_a than_o the_o odious_a term_n of_o rebel_n see_v horning_n be_v the_o ground_n both_o of_o single_a escheat_n and_o liferent_a escheat_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o go_v through_o the_o several_a requisite_n thereof_o in_o order_n and_o the_o nullity_n arryse_v thereupon_o first_o the_o letter_n of_o horning_n must_v be_v signet_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o bill_n be_v past_a and_o the_o matter_n small_a and_o the_o party_n indigent_a a_o horning_n not_o
they_o be_v do_v before_o year_n and_o day_n expire_v be_v after_o the_o rebellion_n and_o so_o arrestment_n or_o assignation_n even_o though_o before_o rebellion_n have_v no_o effect_n after_o year_n and_o day_n be_v run_v because_o these_o be_v but_o personal_n and_o liferent-escheat_n a_o real_a right_o flow_v from_o the_o superiority_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v denude_v of_o the_o liferent_a therefore_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o personal_a right_n cease_v but_o all_o real_a right_n flow_v from_o the_o vassal_n before_o the_o rebellion_n as_o fews_n annualrent_n tack_n appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n whereupon_o there_o be_v a_o charge_n be_v effectual_a and_o not_o exclude_v by_o liferent-escheat_n though_o these_o be_v exclude_v by_o ward_n which_o be_v a_o casuality_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o fewdal_a right_n whereas_o liferent-escheat_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o fies_z but_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n and_o therefore_o the_o fie_o fall_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o vassal_n with_o all_o the_o real_a burden_n he_o have_v fix_v upon_o it_o neither_o do_v posterior_n voluntary_a infeftment_n though_o for_o debt_n prior_n to_o the_o rebellion_n and_o grant_v before_o declarator_n exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n jannuary_n 18._o 1611._o samuel_n ord_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o craigkeith_n the_o like_a where_o the_o infeftment_n be_v grant_v after_o rebellion_n but_o within_o year_n and_o day_n january_n 23._o 1627._o james_n wallace_n contra_fw-la thomas_n porteous_n where_o there_o be_v a_o exception_n insinuat_fw-la unless_o there_o have_v be_v a_o prior_n obliegment_n before_o the_o rebellion_n to_o grant_v thelnfeftment_n as_o if_o in_o that_o case_n though_o in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a the_o like_a be_v find_v that_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o voluntary_a disposition_n make_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la within_o the_o year_n and_o for_o a_o debt_n due_a before_o rebellion_n exclude_v not_o the_o liferent-escheat_n march_v 19_o 1628._o mr_n james_n rae_n contra_fw-la buckie_n hope_v horning_n laird_n of_o frendraught_n contra_fw-la meldrum_n gordon_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la gordon_n of_o haddo_n but_o infeftment_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la upon_o special_a obliegment_n to_o grant_v the_o same_o before_o denuneiation_n be_v valid_a vide_fw-la tit._n 14._o §_o 53._o as_o to_o legal_a diligence_n of_o creditor_n whither_o apprize_a and_o infeftment_n thereupon_o be_v after_o rebellion_n will_v exclude_v the_o liferent-escheat_n be_v declare_v the_o last_o title_n in_o the_o second_o effect_n of_o appryzing_n the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o be_v thus_o far_a preferablé_fw-fr to_o voluntary_a disposition_n that_o be_v do_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la for_o a_o debt_n before_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_v in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la they_o exclude_v the_o liferent_a second_o single-escheats_a require_v general_a and_o special_a declarator_n liferent-escheats_a require_v but_o one_o declarator_n for_o all_o wherein_o the_o title_n be_v the_o horning_n the_o gift_n and_o the_o superior_n seasine_n without_o far_a instruct_v the_o superior_n right_o and_o without_o continuation_n july_n 2._o 1622._o carmichael_n contra_fw-la lermont_n march_v 6._o 1624._o dowglas_n contra_fw-la eastnesbit_n june_n 23._o 1625._o viscount_n of_o stormont_n contra_fw-la and_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n to_o instruct_v the_o land_n hold_v of_o that_o superior_a by_o the_o defender_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o be_v presume_v unless_o the_o defender_n disclaim_v or_o that_o the_o superior_a be_v a_o singlar_a successor_n never_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n 27._o shipwreck_n and_o wath_n good_n or_o treasure_n in_o the_o ground_n who_o owner_n appear_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o caduciarie_n whereby_o the_o owner_n be_v presume_v to_o relinquish_v or_o loose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o a_o jure_fw-la sup_v cadunt_fw-la and_o the_o thing_n become_v nullius_fw-la and_o yet_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o first_o possessor_n as_o thing_n relinquish_v do_v by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o his_o royal_a prerogative_n or_o to_o other_o have_v right_o from_o he_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o these_o before_o in_o the_o title_n real_a right_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v this_o that_o by_o that_o just_a and_o noble_a statute_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o it_o be_v declare_v that_o where_o ship_n break_v in_o this_o country_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v be_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n if_o they_o belong_v to_o such_o country_n as_o use_v the_o like_a law_n anent_o shipwreck_n in_o there_o own_o land_n otherways_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o favour_n as_o they_o keep_v to_o ship_n of_o this_o land_n break_v with_o they_o it_o be_v also_o declare_v among_o the_o statute_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o second_o cap._n 25._o that_o if_o any_o live_a man_n or_o beast_n as_o dog_n cat_n etc._n etc._n come_v quick_a out_o of_o the_o vessel_n the_o same_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v shipwreck_n but_o shall_v be_v preserve_v to_o the_o owner_n clame_v and_o instruct_v his_o right_n within_o year_n and_o day_n or_o otherways_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n so_o be_v it_o find_v where_o a_o ox_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o admiral_n decreet_a find_v the_o same_o escheatable_a as_o shipwreck_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la december_n 12._o 1622._o hamilton_n contra_fw-la cochran_n in_o which_o case_v nothing_o be_v alleige_v but_o this_o old_a statute_n the_o genuine_a meaning_n whereof_o seem_v only_o to_o be_v where_o any_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n and_o good_n shall_v not_o be_v confiscate_v as_o wrack_n but_o the_o posterior_n act_n par._n 1429._o cap._n 124._o repeat_v not_o that_o provision_n but_o regulat_v the_o matter_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n to_o do_v to_o they_o as_o they_o do_v to_o we_o without_o any_o other_o limitation_n and_o therefore_o where_o some_o person_n come_v to_o land_n the_o ship_n be_v break_v the_o same_o with_o the_o good_n disperse_v be_v confiscate_v if_o confiscation_n in_o the_o like_a case_n shall_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o that_o place_n to_o which_o the_o ship_n belong_v january_n 20._o 1674._o jacobson_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o crawfoord_n 28._o forefaulture_n be_v the_o great_a confiscation_n comprehend_v all_o other_o penal_a confiscation_n it_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o take_v away_o of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n par._n 1424._o cap._n 3._o for_o it_o be_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o high_a crime_n to_o wit_n treason_n which_o at_o first_o and_o by_o its_o native_a signification_n it_o express_v crymes_n against_o the_o life_n of_o any_o party_n under_o trust_n so_o the_o slaughter_n of_o any_o person_n under_o trust_n credit_n or_o power_n of_o the_o slayer_n be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 51._o 29._o thence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v treachery_n and_o the_o committer_n thereof_o traitor_n and_o because_o of_o that_o trust_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o all_o the_o liege_n as_o their_o superior_a and_o sovereign_a the_o chief_a point_n of_o treason_n be_v against_o the_o king_n person_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o act_n last_o cite_v these_o also_o who_o without_o cause_n wilful_o raise_v a_o fray_n in_o the_o king_n host_n commit_v treason_n par._n 1455._o cap._n 54._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n because_o of_o the_o trust_n betwixt_o the_o superior_a and_o his_o vassal_n such_o crime_n against_o the_o superior_a be_v also_o call_v treason_n and_o thereby_o the_o committer_n lose_v for_o ever_o all_o land_n and_o heritage_n he_o hold_v of_o that_o sùperiour_a quoniam_fw-la atachiamenta_fw-la cap._n 19_o but_o this_o treason_n infer_v not_o a_o simple_a forfeiture_n but_o only_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o recognition_n but_o as_o now_o the_o term_n be_v take_v treason_n and_o forefalture_n of_o life_n land_n and_o good_n be_v adequat_fw-la and_o wherever_o the_o one_o be_v express_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o other_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o strike_v or_o slay_v of_o any_o person_n within_o the_o parliament_n house_n during_o the_o time_n of_o parliament_n within_o the_o king_n inner-chamber_n cabinet_n or_o chamber_n of_o peace_n the_o king_n be_v within_o his_o palace_n or_o within_o the_o inner-tolbooth_a the_o time_n of_o session_n sit_v or_o within_o the_o privy_a council-house_n the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n sit_v or_o in_o his_o majesty_n presence_n any_o where_o be_v declare_v treason_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 173._o impugn_v the_o dignity_n or_o authority_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o parliament_n or_o procure_v any_o innovation_n or_o diminution_n of_o there_o power_n be_v prohibit_v under_o pain_n of_o treason_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 139._o and_o also_o decline_v the_o king_n and_o
before_o yea_o citation_n before_o the_o 5._o year_n and_o inhibition_n in_o the_o 5._o year_n with_o a_o subsequent_a security_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o take_v off_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o act_n july_n 23._o 1666._o earl_n of_o southesk_n contra_fw-la marquis_n of_o huntlie_o this_o privilege_n be_v not_o competent_a by_o exception_n or_o reply_v offer_v to_o prove_v 5._o year_n possession_n but_o by_o a_o reture_n upon_o a_o commission_n serve_v by_o a_o inquest_n july_n 13._o 1666._o sr._n henry_n hoom_n contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n hoom._n in_o this_o statute_n it_o be_v also_o provide_v that_o where_o there_o be_v tack_n or_o possession_n of_o land_n or_o teind_n possess_v by_o the_o forefault_n person_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o right_n thereof_o may_v also_o be_v abstract_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o donatar_n shall_v continue_v in_o that_o same_o possession_n for_o sieve_n year_n without_o any_o account_n for_o the_o profit_n thereof_o and_o long_o if_o a_o right_o be_v instruct_v of_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o if_o a_o few_o be_v forefault_n the_o land_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n precede_v the_o forefaulture_n because_o the_o discharge_v thereof_o may_v have_v be_v abstract_v possession_n for_o fever_n then_o 5._o year_n by_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o continue_v for_o 5_o year_n though_o no_o tack_v be_v instruct_v jannuary_n 24._o 1667._o sr._n henry_n hoom_n contra_fw-la sr._n alexander_n hoom._n 36._o it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o this_o statute_n that_o the_o forefaultur_n of_o the_o appearand_a heir_n carry_v therewith_o the_o right_n of_o the_o land_n to_o which_o he_o may_v succeed_v though_o he_o be_v never_o enter_v heir_n nor_o infeft_v whereof_o craig_n mention_n a_o case_n lib._n 2._o dieg._n 8._o that_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o laird_n of_o laisindrum_fw-la be_v exclude_v from_o their_o succession_n to_o their_o goodsir_n because_o their_o father_n be_v forefault_n though_o he_o be_v never_o receive_v nor_o infeft_v in_o these_o land_n 37._o craig_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n move_v but_o determine_v not_o this_o question_n whether_o the_o forefaulture_n inser_v a_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o all_o the_o descendants_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n whereby_o till_o they_o be_v restore_v they_o be_v incapable_a of_o any_o succession_n though_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o the_o maternal_a line_n this_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v frequent_o in_o fngland_n where_o person_n be_v special_o attaint_v and_o convict_v of_o treason_n and_o sometime_o with_o we_o it_o be_v call_v dishabilitation_n and_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o doom_n or_o sentence_n that_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o person_n convict_v shall_v be_v incapable_a of_o land_n estate_n honour_n or_o office_n yea_o then_o fame_n and_o memory_n be_v sometime_o condemn_v and_o their_o surname_n abolish_v as_o be_v do_v in_o the_o forefalture_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gourie_n but_o it_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o our_o custom_n that_o forefaulture_n in_o other_o case_n shall_v infer_v this_o corruption_n of_o blood_n first_o because_o of_o the_o multiplication_n of_o case_n to_o which_o forefaulture_n be_v now_o extend_v as_o to_o th_a on_o 〈◊〉_d man_n and_o false_a coyn._n 2._o if_o none_o of_o the_o descendants_n of_o 〈◊〉_d person_n be_v capable_a of_o succession_n to_o any_o person_n that_o can_v not_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o any_o speciality_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o succession_n but_o of_o something_o in_o their_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o forefaulture_n exclude_v they_o thence_o which_o will_v not_o only_o take_v place_n in_o heritage_n but_o in_o movable_n yea_o the_o oye_n or_o far_a offspring_n of_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n can_v not_o succeed_v to_o their_o ownimmediat_a parent_n which_o will_v infer_v that_o they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o no_o good_n or_o mean_n but_o the_o same_o will_v be_v instant_o confiscate_v 3._o though_o forefaulture_n in_o scotland_n have_v be_v very_o frequent_a the_o offpring_a of_o such_o have_v ordinary_o acquire_v land_n and_o good_n and_o their_o child_n succeed_v they_o therein_o without_o obtain_v restitution_n of_o their_o blood_n so_o that_o this_o corruption_n of_o the_o blood_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v think_v a_o speciality_n in_o some_o attrocious_a treason_n by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o doom_n of_o forefaulture_n than_o a_o general_a consequence_n thereof_o 38._o but_o whereas_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o appearand_a heir_n be_v forefault_v the_o king_n have_v right_a to_o the_o heritage_n to_o which_o he_o may_v succeed_v it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o that_o my_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o appearand_a heir_n if_o he_o be_v forefault_v during_o his_o predecessor_n life_n or_o if_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o case_n that_o the_o heir_n apparent_a be_v forefault_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o predecessor_n where_o de_fw-fr presenti_fw-la he_o may_v be_v heir_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n if_o the_o person_n forefault_v shall_v be_v fugitive_n and_o survive_v his_o predecessor_n but_o the_o heritage_n accrese_v to_o he_o wherein_o he_o may_v de_fw-la presenti_fw-la infeft_v will_v fall_v under_o forefaulture_n though_o he_o be_v not_o actual_o infeft_v and_o it_o seem_v no_o less_o clear_a that_o be_v forefault_v if_o he_o shall_v die_v before_o his_o predecessor_n that_o his_o brother_n or_o collateral_n may_v succeed_v to_o their_o father_n or_o any_o other_o to_o who_o the_o forefaulted_a person_n if_o he_o have_v survive_v they_o will_v have_v succeed_v it_o be_v more_o doubtful_a whether_o his_o descendants_n can_v if_o any_o be_v for_o these_o will_v exclude_v the_o collaterall_n and_o there_o seem_v no_o reason_n to_o exclude_v they_o from_o their_o grandfather_n heritage_n not_o be_v dishabilitat_fw-la and_o see_v i_o have_v not_o find_v it_o extend_v further_o i_o conceive_v it_o more_o favourable_a that_o the_o heir_n appearand_n die_v before_o his_o predecessor_n shall_v not_o hinder_v his_o descendants_n to_o succeed_v to_o that_o predecessor_n but_o unless_o the_o forefaulture_n do_v incapacitat_fw-la the_o predecessor_n to_o dispose_v upon_o his_o own_o estate_n the_o forefaulture_n in_o that_o case_n will_v be_v improfitable_a yet_o see_v we_o have_v no_o complaint_n of_o exhaeredatione_fw-la in_o scotland_n but_o that_o parent_n may_v free_o dispose_v of_o their_o estate_n at_o their_o pleasure_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o bind_v up_o the_o parent_n more_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o fisk_n then_o tohis_fw-la own_o child_n unless_o fraud_n to_o prevent_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o forefaulture_n without_o a_o rational_a cause_n do_v appear_v 39_o for_o the_o further_a security_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o denatar_n it_o be_v provyde_v par._n 1594._o cap._n 202._o that_o no_o letter_n of_o pension_n factory_a band_n or_o assignation_n grant_v by_o any_o forefault_n person_n shall_v be_v valid_a unless_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o authorize_v by_o decreet_a of_o a_o ordinary_a judge_n obtain_v before_o citation_n in_o the_o process_n of_o forefaulture_n which_o seem_v to_o insinuate_v that_o creditor_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o forefault_n estate_n but_o it_o will_v reach_v no_o further_o than_o the_o movable_n fall_v by_o forefaultnre_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v affect_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o fall_v by_o single-escheat_n the_o full_a dominion_n in_o both_o be_v the_o king_n but_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o admit_v the_o diligence_n of_o lawful_a creditor_n before_o declarator_n but_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v this_o practise_v in_o moveable_n of_o forefault_n person_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o statute_n appear_v by_o the_o act_n immediate_o precede_v whereby_o a_o former_a act_n of_o parliament_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o vassal_n of_o forefault_n person_n be_v resoind_v and_o appoint_v to_o be_v delet_fw-la out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o parliament_n which_o rescinded_a act_n though_o it_o be_v not_o extant_a but_o delet_fw-la as_o aforesaid_a have_v affect_v forefault_n estate_n with_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o forefault_n person_n and_o with_o the_o subaltern_a infeftment_n grant_v by_o forefault_n person_n not_o confirm_v and_o therefore_o such_o right_n being_n constitute_v by_o a_o law_n then_o stand_v can_v not_o be_v derogat_n by_o a_o subsequent_a law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o caution_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n 202._o that_o simulat_fw-la or_o antedate_a right_n may_v not_o affect_v estate_n forefault_v before_o the_o say_v rescissory_a act._n 40._o sentence_n of_o forefaulture_n be_v pronunce_v be_v declare_v irreducible_a upon_o any_o nullity_n in_o the_o process_n upon_o which_o it_o proceed_v till_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v remit_v by_o the_o king_n or_o the_o party_n try_v and_o acquit_v thereof_o but_o restitution_n shall_v only_o be_v grant_v by_o way_n of_o grace_n to_o the_o party_n forefault_v or_o their_o posterity_n par._n 1584._o
be_v liable_a to_o fulfil_v the_o bastard_n back-band_n june_n 20._o 1671._o alexander_n alexander_n contra_fw-la lord_n saltoun_n 47._o ultimus_n haeres_fw-la may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o succession_n from_o the_o dead_a and_o to_o come_v in_o among_o other_o heir_n yet_o though_o it_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o heir_n because_o it_o have_v effect_v when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o heir_n and_o make_v the_o heritagelyable_a to_o pay_v the_o defunct_n debt_n it_o be_v only_o a_o caduciarie_n confiscation_n of_o the_o defuncts-estate_n with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o debt_n but_o no_o proper_a succession_n to_o he_o therein_o which_o appear_v thus_o the_o heir_n be_v one_o person_n in_o law_n and_o be_v therefore_o personal_o obleige_v for_o all_o the_o defunct_n debt_n so_o be_v not_o the_o fisk_n against_o who_o or_o the_o donatar_n there_o lie_v no_o personal_a action_n for_o payment_n but_o for_o restitution_n if_o he_o have_v intromet_v and_o of_o real_a action_n contra_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la jacentem_fw-la which_o be_v most_o proper_a by_o adjudication_n be_v the_o supplement_n of_o ordinary_a action_n or_o execution_n competent_a by_o law_n for_o there_o be_v no_o party_n to_o represent_v the_o defunct_a debtor_n there_o can_v be_v no_o decreet_a but_o cognitionis_fw-la causa_fw-la and_o adjudication_n follow_v thereupon_o in_o which_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n be_v to_o be_v call_v passive_a as_o the_o party_n have_v interest_n to_o see_v that_o the_o debt_n be_v due_a which_o will_v affect_v the_o defunct_n caduciarie_n heritage_n to_o the_o detrement_n of_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n so_o then_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la and_o bastardrie_n be_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n which_o be_v caduciarie_n confiscation_n fall_v to_o the_o fisk_n because_o no_o other_o can_v have_v right_a there_o may_v be_v this_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o last_o heir_n creditor_n for_o their_o satisfaction_n may_v confirm_v the_o defunct_n movable_n and_o so_o recover_v the_o same_o for_o their_o own_o satisfaction_n in_o which_o case_n they_o will_v be_v liable_a as_o other_o executor_n to_o the_o remanent_fw-la creditor_n of_o the_o defunct_a and_o to_o the_o fisk_n or_o donatar_n for_o the_o superplus_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o near_a of_o kin_n &_o to_o the_o relict_n also_o for_o her_o part_n but_o this_o be_v only_o for_o obtain_v their_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o for_o shun_v a_o more_o extraordinary_a way_n by_o adjudication_n which_o also_o they_o may_v use_v at_o their_o option_n they_o ought_v not_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o fisk_n to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o defunct_n part_n as_o other_o executor_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bastardy_n confirmation_n of_o executor_n be_v not_o competent_a because_o the_o bastard_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o power_n of_o make_v testament_n can_v have_v no_o executor_n concern_v last_a heir_n the_o great_a doubt_n be_v who_o they_o be_v and_o in_o what_o case_n they_o take_v place_n as_o to_o the_o first_o craig_n lib._n 2._o dieg._n 17._o be_v not_o positive_a whether_o superior_n be_v last_v heir_n of_o the_o defunct_a in_o the_o fies_z hold_v of_o they_o or_o if_o the_o king_n be_v the_o last_o heir_n for_o all_o and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a feudal_n custom_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n the_o feus_n return_n to_o the_o several_a superior_n for_o thereby_o none_o can_v succeed_v without_o express_a provision_n in_o the_o contrary_a but_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o the_o descendent_a of_o the_o first_o vassal_n who_o person_n and_o race_n be_v peculiar_o choose_v and_o confide_v in_o by_o the_o superior_a but_o now_o fies_z not_o be_v gratuitous_a as_o at_o first_o but_o for_o onerous_a cause_n beside_o the_o reddendo_fw-la &_o service_n and_o ordinary_o grant_v to_o the_o vassal_n and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o which_o failze_v the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a exclude_v all_o other_o superior_n who_o be_v presume_v to_o retain_v no_o right_n nor_o expectation_n of_o succession_n unless_o by_o express_a provision_n of_o the_o investiture_n the_o fies_z be_v provide_v to_o heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n which_o failze_v to_o return_v to_o the_o superior_a in_o which_o he_o be_v proper_a heir_n of_o provision_n as_o to_o the_o other_o doubt_v in_o what_o case_n the_o king_n be_v last_o heir_n craig_n in_o the_o forename_a place_n relate_v that_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o defunct_a have_v no_o heir_n within_o the_o seven_o degree_n the_o king_n take_v place_n as_o last_o heir_n and_o that_o other_o think_v it_o to_o hold_v in_o collateral_a succession_n but_o his_o own_o opinion_n be_v in_o the_o contrary_a that_o any_o heir_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o have_v right_o which_o suit_v with_o the_o ground_n now_o lay_v that_o the_o king_n have_v right_a as_o last_o heir_n to_o the_o heritage_n become_v caduciarie_n because_o no_o other_o party_n can_v be_v instruct_v lawful_a heir_n so_o he_o report_v it_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o marr_n who_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o lady_n elizabeth_n dowglas_n countess_n of_o marr_n beyond_o the_o ten_o degree_n and_o that_o the_o lord_n seatoun_n that_o he_o may_v have_v a_o title_n to_o the_o redemption_n of_o the_o land_n of_o longnidrie_n against_o forester_n serve_v himself_o heir_n to_o the_o grant_a of_o the_o wodsett_n beyond_o the_o seven_o degree_n whereof_o several_a degree_n be_v collateral_a and_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o four_o succeed_v to_o henry_n the_o 3._o though_o not_o within_o the_o 15._o degree_n the_o gift_n or_o right_a of_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la have_v no_o effect_n till_o decreet_a of_o declarator_n be_v obtain_v thereupon_o in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o in_o bastardy_n july_n 20._o 1662._o laird_n of_o balnagoun_n contra_fw-la dingwal_n july_n 31._o 1666._o thomas_n crawford_n contra_fw-la town_n of_o edinburgh_n title_n xxvi_o succession_n 1._o whether_o in_o equity_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o succession_n 2._o that_o rule_n be_v the_o express_a will_n or_o presume_a will_n of_o the_o defunct_a 3._o the_o first_o degree_n of_o succession_n by_o the_o presume_a will_n of_o defunct_n 4._o whether_o in_o equity_n there_o be_v right_a of_o representation_n 5._o fail_v descendants_n ascendant_n succeed_v in_o equity_n 6._o fail_v both_o brother_n and_o sister_n succeed_v 7._o fail_v these_o the_o near_a agnat_n succeed_v 8._o the_o succession_n of_o cognat_n 9_o the_o jewish_a succession_n whereby_o all_o the_o son_n succeed_v and_o exclude_v the_o daughter_n and_o the_o elder_a son_n have_v a_o double_a portion_n 10._o father_n can_v not_o prejudge_v the_o primogenitur_fw-la of_o their_o elder_a son_n 11._o by_o the_o jewish_a succession_n fail_v descendants_n the_o inheritance_n pass_v to_o brethren_n and_o these_o fail_v to_o father_n brethren_n and_o fail_v these_o to_o the_o near_a kinsman_n 12._o whether_o in_o the_o jewish_a succession_n there_o be_v right_a of_o representation_n 13._o why_o no_o female_n but_o daughter_n succeed_v among_o the_o jew_n 14._o why_o parent_n succeed_v not_o among_o the_o jew_n 15._o succession_n among_o the_o roman_n be_v first_o by_o testament_n 16._o if_o there_o be_v no_o heir_n institute_v by_o testament_n the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n call_v all_o the_o child_n of_o the_o family_n unforisfamiliat_v male_a &_o female_a not_o except_v adopt_a child_n to_o succeed_v 17._o these_o fail_v the_o near_a agnat_n but_o no_o parent_n thereby_o succeed_v 18._o the_o roman_n succession_n be_v the_o praetorian_a law_n 19_o their_o succession_n by_o justinians_n novel_a constitution_n 20._o in_o feudal_n succession_n the_o first_o rule_n be_v the_o express_a will_n of_o the_o party_n by_o the_o investitur_fw-la 21._o the_o nixt_a rule_n be_v the_o conjecture_v will_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n 22._o primogeniture_n now_o establish_v by_o common_a custom_n in_o feudal_n right_n 23._o succession_n in_o scotland_n be_v whole_o different_a in_o moveable_n and_o immovables_n 24._o the_o several_a degree_n of_o succession_n in_o moveable_n 25._o succession_n in_o heritable_a right_n 26._o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o succession_n 27._o the_o privilege_n of_o heir_n not_o to_o be_v prejudge_v by_o their_o predecessor_n deed_n on_o deathbed_n 28._o what_o be_v estimate_n deathbed_n 29._o against_o what_o right_n deathbed_n be_v extend_v 30._o deathbed_n annul_v no_o deed_n for_o cause_n onerous_a 31._o disposition_n in_o testament_n be_v as_o on_o deathbed_n 32._o annus_fw-la deliberandi_fw-la 33._o kind_n if_o heir_n in_o scotland_n 34._o no_o place_n for_o adopt_a or_o cognat_n in_o succession_n with_o we_o 35._o parent_n succeed_v to_o their_o child_n &_o exclude_v the_o parent_n collateral_n or_o these_o represent_v the_o colaterals_n succession_n to_o defunct_n be_v the_o most_o important_a title_n in_o law_n for_o thereby_o the_o right_n of_o all_o
by_o the_o infeftment_n of_o liferent_a grant_v by_o the_o superior_a 3._o the_o kind_n of_o service_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o liferenter_fw-la in_o respect_n that_o the_o liferent_a be_v ofttimes_o a_o different_a hold_v from_o the_o fee_n and_o be_v ordinary_o blench_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o superior_n interest_n to_o know_v what_o such_o service_n be_v and_o also_o to_o know_v by_o who_o and_o through_o what_o cause_n the_o fee_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o person_n these_o circumstance_n therefore_o do_v not_o make_v distinct_a head_n of_o the_o brieve_n and_o be_v not_o all_o way_n necessary_a to_o be_v retour_v as_o the_o former_a head_n be_v 41._o the_o point_v aforesaid_a be_v clear_v and_o instruct_v to_o the_o inquest_n the_o service_n be_v the_o sentence_n or_o decreet_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v seal_v with_o their_o seal_n and_o with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o the_o brieve_n be_v direct_v and_o be_v return_v to_o the_o chancery_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v a_o retour_fw-fr be_v registrate_n there_o and_o extract_v till_o which_o it_o be_v not_o complete_a neither_o do_v the_o service_n ordinary_o instruct_v the_o active_a title_n but_o only_o the_o retour_fw-fr the_o service_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chancery_n for_o warrant_n of_o the_o retour_fw-fr yet_o it_o be_v find_v that_o service_n before_o the_o year_n 1550._o be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v the_o production_n in_o improbation_n or_o reduction_n without_o produce_v the_o retour_fw-fr itself_o because_o at_o that_o time_n the_o book_n of_o the_o chancery_n be_v destroy_v by_o war._n feb._n 17._o 1624._o lord_n elphinstoun_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o marr._n 42._o retour_n be_v easy_o annual_v or_o reduce_v because_o no_o desender_o be_v call_v thereto_o and_o the_o probation_n in_o most_o part_n be_v by_o presumption_n as_o have_v be_v show_v and_o by_o the_o proper_a knowledge_n of_o the_o inquest_n or_o witness_n whereof_o there_o seldom_o remain_v any_o testimony_n in_o retentis_fw-la the_o lord_n will_v not_o reduce_v a_o retour_fw-fr for_o want_n thereof_o but_o ordain_v the_o whole_a inquest_n to_o be_v examine_v upon_o oath_n upon_o what_o evidence_n they_o serve_v feb._n 24._o 1665._o sr._n james_n mercer_n of_o aldie_n contra_fw-la william_n rowen_n at_fw-fr retour_fw-fr being_n find_v null_n in_o one_o head_n be_v find_v null_a in_o otum_fw-la hope_n 〈◊〉_d laird_n of_o 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la at_fw-fr retour_fw-fr of_o a_o sister_n as_o heir_n to_o her_o brother_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n upon_o production_n of_o another_o brother_n retour_fw-fr though_o posterior_n who_o thereupon_o be_v prefer_v albeit_o a_o excommunicate_a papist_n feb._n 16._o 1627._o lord_n colvil_n contra_fw-la mr._n walter_n and_o christian_a herd_n and_o a_o retour_fw-fr of_o a_o second_o brother_n serve_v heir_n to_o his_o father_n where_o the_o elder_a brother_n be_v absent_a and_o repute_v dead_a but_o return_v home_o again_o and_o grant_v band_n to_o a_o creditor_n who_o charge_v he_o to_o enter_v heir_n and_o apprise_v and_o possess_v the_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o second_o brother_n be_v thereupon_o find_v null_n by_o exception_n albeit_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o though_o by_o the_o act_n of_o patliament_n 1617._o cap._n 13._o retour_n be_v not_o quarrellable_n by_o reduction_n or_o summont_n of_o error_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v intent_a execute_v and_o pursue_v within_o twenty_o year_n after_o the_o service_n and_o retour_fw-fr in_o respect_n of_o the_o apprise_n and_o possession_n within_o these_o year_n which_o import_v a_o interruption_n and_o that_o the_o second_o brother_n retour_fw-fr be_v null_n by_o exception_n and_o need_v no_o reduction_n january_n 11._o 1673._o lamb_n contra_fw-la anderson_n at_fw-fr retour_fw-fr be_v also_o annul_v by_o exception_n by_o refer_v to_o the_o party_n oath_n that_o he_o have_v no_o contingencie_n of_o blood_n with_o the_o defunct_a feb._n 10._o 1636._o murray_n contra_fw-la sinclair_n and_o meikle_n the_o like_a in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o woman_n retour_v sole_a heir_n it_o be_v instant_o verify_v that_o there_o be_v another_o sister_n hope_n retour_fw-fr of_o idiotrie_n fair_o contra_fw-la fairly_n the_o like_a be_v find_v by_o reply_n refer_v it_o to_o the_o party_n oath_n that_o he_o be_v bastard_n spot_n retour_n murray_n contra_fw-la murray_n 43._o retour_n be_v ordinary_o annul_v and_o reduce_v by_o a_o great_a inquest_n of_o twenty_o five_o member_n who_o do_v inquire_v not_o only_o concern_v the_o verity_n and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o retour_fw-fr but_o also_o concern_v the_o ignorance_n and_o malice_n of_o the_o jurantes_fw-la super_fw-la assisa_fw-la which_o be_v not_o always_o infer_v when_o the_o retour_fw-fr be_v reduce_v as_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v not_o last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n by_o instruct_v that_o he_o be_v denude_v july_n 7._o 1663._o isabel_n mow_fw-mi contra_fw-la duchess_n of_o buccleugh_n or_o that_o he_o die_v not_o at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n by_o instruct_v that_o he_o be_v forefault_n or_o that_o he_o be_v not_o near_o and_o lawful_a heir_n by_o instruct_v a_o near_a heir_n be_v no_o error_n in_o the_o first_o inquest_n see_v these_o point_n be_v presume_v and_o need_v no_o probation_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o by_o reduction_n there_o be_v a_o more_o pregnant_a condescendence_n and_o probation_n for_o another_o party_n than_o for_o the_o heir_n serve_v it_o will_v be_v no_o wilful_a error_n unless_o competition_n have_v be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o service_n but_o it_o must_v be_v a_o evident_a and_o gross_a error_n in_o the_o positive_a probation_n special_o concern_v the_o death_n of_o the_o defunct_a and_o his_o be_v once_o infeft_v the_o special_a relation_n and_o degree_n of_o blood_n of_o the_o heir_n his_o age_n and_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o fee_n which_o though_o the_o point_n of_o least_o moment_n yet_o will_v annul_v the_o retour_fw-fr but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o probable_a cause_n for_o the_o inquest_n as_o by_o production_n of_o writ_n contain_v wrong_a extent_n they_o will_v be_v declare_v free_a of_o wilful_a error_n spot_n retour_n mark_v kerr_n contra_fw-la scot_n of_o hartwoodmire_v the_o manner_n of_o reduce_v of_o retour_n be_v by_o a_o summons_n of_o error_n against_o the_o assysor_n before_o the_o king_n council_n which_o be_v now_o the_o lord_n of_o council_n and_o session_n par._n 1471._o cap._n 47._o 44._o though_o it_o be_v the_o ordinary_a way_n to_o annul_v retour_n by_o a_o great_a inquest_n yet_o the_o lord_n do_v sometime_o sustain_v reduction_n thereof_o as_o erroneous_a by_o witness_n before_o themselves_o without_o a_o great_a inquest_n july_n 7._o 1663._o isabel_n mow_fw-mi contra_fw-la duchess_n of_o buccleugh_n 45._o the_o reduction_n of_o retour_n be_v of_o such_o hazard_n to_o the_o member_n of_o inquest_n it_o be_v statute_n par._n 1494._o cap._n 57_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v reducible_a but_o within_o three_o year_n after_o the_o date_n so_o as_o to_o inter_v error_n against_o the_o inquest_n albeit_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v as_o to_o render_v the_o retour_n null_a in_o themselves_o at_o any_o time_n within_o twenty_o year_n after_o they_o be_v deduce_v par._n 1617._o cap._n 13._o which_o act_n reach_v only_a retour_n after_o it_o but_o not_o retour_n before_o and_o action_n against_o the_o same_o which_o prescrive_v by_o the_o general_a act_n of_o prescription_n par._n 1617._o cap._n 12._o as_o be_v find_v november_n 28._o 1665._o younger_n contra_fw-la johnstoun_n 46._o the_o heir_n be_v thus_o special_o serve_v and_o retour_v if_o the_o fee_n immemediat_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n he_o do_v thereupon_o obtain_v precept_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o course_n without_o citation_n command_v the_o judge_n ordinary_a of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o feelye_n sheriff_n or_o balliff_n to_o give_v seasine_n to_o the_o person_n retour_v capiendo_fw-la securitatem_fw-la take_v security_n for_o the_o nonentry_n and_o relief_n due_a to_o the_o king_n for_o which_o the_o judge_n ordinary_a be_v countable_a in_o exchequer_n unless_o the_o profit_n belong_v to_o himself_o as_o bailiff_n of_o regality_n if_o the_o say_a judge_n ordinary_a do_v not_o grant_v seasine_a according_o the_o lord_n upon_o supplication_n and_o instrument_n of_o his_o disobedience_n will_v grant_v warrant_n to_o the_o director_n of_o the_o chancery_n to_o issue_v precept_n to_o a_o other_o person_n as_o sheriff_n in_o that_o part_n special_o constiture_n without_o first_o use_v horning_n against_o the_o ordinary_a disobey_v spot_n david_n balfour_n supplicant_n these_o precept_n because_o of_o the_o clause_n capiendo_fw-la securitatem_fw-la be_v find_v to_o make_v both_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o the_o ground_n liable_a for_o the_o sum_v due_a thereby_o though_o infeftment_n be_v never_o