Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bring_v	effect_n	good_a	1,532	5	3.6660	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A49423	A letter about liberty and necessity written to the Duke of Newcastle / by Thomas Hobbes. With observations upon it by a learned Prelate of the Church of England lately deceased.	Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.; Laney, Benjamin, 1591-1675. Observations upon a letter of Mr. T. Hobbs to the Duke of Newcastle.	1676 (1676)	Wing L343; ESTC R14544	24,278	120

a_o letter_n about_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n write_v to_o the_o duke_z of_o newcastle_n by_o thomas_n hobbes_n of_o malmesbury_n with_o observation_n upon_o it_o by_o a_o learned_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n late_o decease_v london_n print_v by_o j._n grover_n for_o w._n crook_n at_o the_o green_a dragon_n without_o temple-bar_n 1676._o imprimatur_fw-la anton._n saunders_n ex_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la archiepisc_n cant._n à_fw-la sacris_fw-la domesticis_fw-la exit_fw-la aedibus_fw-la lambethanis_n jan._n 19_o 1675_o 6._o mr._n hobbes_n his_o opinion_n about_o liberty_n and_o necessity_n send_v in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o duke_z of_o newcastle_n first_o i_o conceive_v that_o when_o it_o come_v into_o a_o man_n mind_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v some_o certain_a action_n if_o he_o have_v no_o time_n to_o deliberate_v the_o do_n of_o it_o or_o abstain_v necessary_o follow_v the_o present_a thought_n he_o have_v of_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a consequence_n thereof_o to_o himself_o as_o for_o example_n in_o sudden_a anger_n the_o action_n shall_v follow_v the_o desire_n of_o revenge_n in_o sudden_a fear_n the_o thought_n of_o escape_n also_o when_o a_o man_n have_v time_n to_o deliberate_v but_o deliberate_v not_o because_o never_o any_o thing_n appear_v that_o shall_v make_v he_o doubt_v of_o the_o consequence_n the_o action_n follow_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o goodness_n or_o harm_n of_o it_o these_o action_n i_o call_v voluntary_a my_o lord_n if_o i_o understand_v he_o right_o call_v they_o spontaneous_a i_o call_v they_o voluntary_a because_o those_o action_n which_o follow_v immediate_o the_o last_o appetite_n be_v voluntary_a and_o here_o where_o be_v one_o only_a appetite_n that_o one_o be_v the_o last_o beside_o i_o see_v it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o punish_v a_o rash_a action_n which_o can_v not_o be_v just_o do_v by_o man_n to_o man_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v voluntary_a for_o no_o action_n of_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v without_o deliberation_n though_o never_o so_o sudden_a because_o it_o be_v suppose_v he_o have_v time_n to_o deliberate_v all_o the_o precedent_a time_n of_o his_o life_n whether_o he_o shall_v do_v that_o kind_n of_o action_n or_o not_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o he_o that_o kill_v in_o a_o sudden_a passion_n of_o anger_n shall_v nevertheless_o be_v just_o put_v to_o death_n because_o all_o the_o time_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o consider_v whither_o to_o kill_v be_v good_a or_o evil_n shall_v be_v hold_v for_o one_o continual_a deliberation_n and_o consequent_o the_o kill_v shall_v proceed_v from_o election_n second_o i_o conceive_v when_o a_o man_n deliberate_v whether_o he_o shall_v do_v a_o thing_n or_o not_o do_v it_o that_o he_o do_v nothing_o else_o but_o consider_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a for_o he_o to_o do_v it_o or_o not_o to_o do_v it_o and_o to_o consider_v a_o action_n be_v to_o imagine_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o both_o good_a and_o evil_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v to_o be_v infer_v that_o deliberation_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o alternate_a hope_n and_o fear_v or_o alternate_a appetite_n to_o do_v or_o quit_v the_o action_n of_o which_o he_o deliberate_v three_o i_o conceive_v that_o in_o all_o deliberation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o all_o alternate_a succession_n of_o contrary_a appetite_n the_o last_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o will_n and_o be_v immediate_o before_o the_o do_n of_o the_o action_n or_o next_o before_o the_o do_v of_o it_o become_v impossible_a all_o other_o appetite_n to_o do_v and_o to_o quit_v that_o come_v upon_o a_o man_n during_o his_o deliberation_n be_v usual_o call_v intention_n and_o inclination_n but_o not_o will_n there_o be_v but_o one_o will_n which_o also_o in_o this_o case_n may_v be_v call_v the_o last_o will_n though_o the_o intention_n change_v often_o four_o that_o those_o action_n which_o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o do_v upon_o deliberation_n be_v say_v to_o be_v voluntary_a and_o do_v upon_o choice_n and_o election_n so_o that_o voluntary_a action_n and_o action_n proceed_v from_o election_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o of_o voluntary_a agent_n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o say_v he_o be_v free_a and_o to_o say_v he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberate_v five_o i_o conceive_v liberty_n to_o be_v right_o define_v in_o this_o manner_n liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o all_o the_o impediment_n to_o action_n that_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o natural_a and_o intrinsical_v quality_n of_o the_o agent_n as_o for_o example_n the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v see_v descend_v free_o or_o to_o have_v liberty_n to_o ascend_v up_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n because_o there_o be_v no_o impediment_n and_o though_o the_o water_n can_v ascend_v yet_o man_n say_v it_o never_o want_v the_o liberty_n to_o ascend_v but_o the_o power_n or_o faculty_n because_o the_o impediment_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n and_o intrinsical_v so_o also_o we_o say_v he_o that_o be_v tie_v want_v liberty_n to_o go_v because_o that_o the_o impediment_n be_v not_o in_o he_o but_o in_o his_o bond_n whereas_o we_o say_v not_o so_o of_o he_o that_o be_v sick_a or_o lame_a because_o the_o impediment_n be_v in_o himself_o six_o i_o conceive_v that_o nothing_o take_v beginning_n from_o itself_o but_o from_o the_o action_n of_o some_o other_o immediate_a agent_n without_o itself_o and_o that_o therefore_o when_o first_o a_o man_n have_v a_o appetite_n or_o will_n to_o something_o to_o which_o immediate_o before_o he_o have_v no_o appetite_n nor_o will_n the_o cause_n of_o his_o will_n be_v not_o the_o will_n itself_o but_o something_o else_o not_o in_o his_o own_o dispose_n so_o that_o whereas_o it_o be_v out_o of_o controversy_n of_o voluntary_a action_n the_o will_n be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o by_o this_o which_o be_v say_v the_o will_n be_v also_o cause_v by_o other_o thing_n which_o it_o dispose_v not_o it_o follow_v that_o voluntary_a action_n have_v all_o their_o necessary_a cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v necessitate_v seven_o i_o hold_v that_o to_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o which_o nothing_o be_v want_v that_o be_v needful_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n the_o same_o also_o be_v a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n shall_v not_o bring_v forth_o the_o effect_n than_o there_o want_v somewhat_o which_o be_v needful_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o it_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o sufficient_a but_o if_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o sufficient_a cause_n shall_v not_o produce_v the_o effect_n then_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v say_v to_o produce_v a_o effect_n necessary_o that_o can_v but_o produce_v it_o hence_o be_v manifest_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v have_v have_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n to_o produce_v it_o else_o it_o have_v not_o be_v and_o therefore_o also_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v last_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o ordinary_a definition_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n namely_o that_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v that_o which_o when_o all_o thing_n be_v present_a which_o be_v needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o be_v nonsense_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o cause_n may_v be_v sufficient_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o yet_o the_o effect_v not_o follow_v my_o reason_n for_o the_o first_o 5_o point_n where_o it_o be_v explicate_v 1._o what_o spontaneity_n be_v 2._o what_o deliberation_n be_v 3._o what_o will_v propension_n and_o appetite_n be_v 4._o what_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v 5._o what_o liberty_n be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o proof_n offer_v but_o every_o man_n own_o experience_n by_o reflection_n on_o himself_o and_o remember_v what_o he_o use_v to_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o be_v what_o he_o himself_o mean_v when_o he_o say_v a_o action_n be_v spontaneous_a a_o man_n deliberate_v such_o be_v his_o will_n that_o agent_n or_o action_n be_v free_n now_o he_o that_o so_o reflect_v upon_o himself_o can_v but_o be_v satisfy_v that_o deliberation_n be_v the_o consider_v of_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a sequels_fw-fr of_o the_o action_n to_o come_v that_o by_o spontaneity_n be_v mean_v inconsiderate_a proceed_n or_o else_o nothing_o be_v mean_v by_o it_o that_o will_v be_v the_o last_o act_n of_o our_o deliberation_n that_o a_o free_a agent_n be_v he_o that_o can_v do_v if_o he_o will_v and_o forbear_v if_o he_o will_v and_o that_o liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o external_n impediment_n but_o to_o those_o that_o out_o of_o custom_n speak_v not_o what_o they_o conceive_v but_o what_o they_o hear_v and_o be_v not_o able_a or_o will_v not_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o consider_v what_o they_o think_v when_o they_o

agent_n that_o he_o can_v change_v his_o will_n and_o make_v that_o not_o to_o be_v last_o which_o once_o be_v last_o that_o be_v he_o have_v power_n over_o his_o last_o will_n i_o mean_v over_o that_o which_o for_o the_o time_n be_v the_o last_o and_o be_v as_o serious_a and_o resolve_v as_o the_o last_o and_o for_o those_o action_n which_o he_o call_v only_a intention_n and_o inclination_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v call_v will_n see_v 1._o they_o be_v act_n of_o the_o will_n for_o no_o application_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o any_o thing_n upon_o a_o reason_n can_v proceed_v from_o the_o inferior_a sensitive_a part_n and_o therefore_o must_v either_o be_v act_n of_o the_o will_n or_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o 2_o by_o mr._n hobbe_n own_o rule_n and_o definition_n of_o will_n every_o one_o of_o those_o successive_a appetite_n be_v will_n because_o till_o another_o consequent_a appetite_n follow_v they_o be_v the_o last_o for_o the_o time_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o course_n and_o turn_v all_o be_v wi_n indeed_o after_o they_o be_v change_v and_o unwil_v again_o i_o think_v no_o man_n desire_v they_o shall_v be_v still_o call_v will_n when_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v at_o all_o four_o point_n to_o say_v he_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n be_v all_o one_o to_o say_v he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberation_n here_o i_o shall_v call_v mr._n hobbs_n again_o to_o his_o own_o reflection_n whether_o a_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v free_a before_o he_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberation_n rather_o than_o after_o as_o when_o i_o desire_v to_o have_v a_o friend_n dine_v with_o i_o i_o meaning_n to_o ask_v he_o first_o whether_o he_o be_v engage_v or_o resolve_v for_o any_o other_o company_n do_v use_v these_o word_n sir_n be_v you_o free_a and_o if_o he_o answer_v i_o that_o he_o be_v free_a i_o present_o apprehend_v that_o he_o be_v not_o resolve_v for_o any_o particular_a but_o be_v still_o capable_a of_o a_o resolution_n to_o dine_v with_o i_o not_o but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v free_a too_o that_o have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o deliberation_n but_o in_o another_o sense_n that_o be_v he_o be_v free_a from_o all_o doubt_n that_o come_v by_o deliberation_n but_o the_o same_o may_v be_v free_a also_o before_o deliberation_n be_v end_v but_o it_o be_v from_o particular_a determination_n and_o resolution_n which_o be_v the_o freedom_n we_o defend_v to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a and_o more_o proper_a freedom_n than_o the_o other_o for_o he_o that_o be_v free_a from_o deliberation_n act_v indeed_o free_o but_o it_o be_v in_o that_o one_o way_n to_o which_o he_o be_v resolve_v but_o he_o that_o be_v so_o free_a as_o to_o go_v any_o way_n be_v more_o free_a than_o he_o that_o go_v but_o free_o in_o one_o way_n five_o point_n liberty_n be_v the_o absence_n of_o all_o impediment_n to_o action_n that_o be_v not_o contain_v in_o the_o nature_n and_o intrinsical_a quality_n of_o the_o agent_n if_o it_o will_v content_v mr._n hobbs_n that_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o be_v one_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n but_o if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o do_v but_o what_o he_o desire_v i_o shall_v do_v reflect_v i_o find_v another_o sense_n and_o the_o very_a same_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o he_o a_o liberty_n from_o necessity_n as_o when_o a_o father_n recommend_v a_o wife_n to_o his_o son_n the_o son_n have_v no_o doubt_n liberty_n to_o take_v that_o wife_n in_o mr._n hobbs_n his_o sense_n and_o yet_o if_o the_o same_o son_n shall_v desire_v his_o father_n to_o give_v he_o his_o liberty_n the_o father_n will_v present_o apprehend_v that_o he_o desire_v somewhat_o that_o he_o have_v not_o give_v he_o that_o be_v leave_v as_o well_o to_o refuse_v she_o if_o he_o see_v cause_n as_o to_o take_v she_o he_o will_v not_o cavil_v with_o he_o and_o say_v you_o have_v the_o liberty_n in_o that_o you_o be_v tie_v to_o she_o but_o if_o he_o mean_v to_o give_v he_o his_o liberty_n his_o meaning_n also_o will_v be_v to_o absolve_v he_o of_o the_o necessity_n to_o take_v she_o by_o this_o we_o see_v that_o no_o advantage_n be_v get_v to_o mr._n hobbs_n by_o reflection_n which_o show_v a_o liberty_n from_o necessity_n reflect_v also_o six_o point_n be_v a_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o action_n be_v necessitate_v because_o they_o have_v necessary_a cause_n i_o deny_v the_o consequence_n for_o when_o he_o say_v that_o all_o action_n have_v their_o necessary_a cause_n his_o meaning_n be_v if_o his_o meaning_n agree_v with_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o have_v cause_n because_o say_v he_o nothing_o can_v have_v beginning_n from_o it●_n self_n now_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o a_o reflect_a man_n shall_v think_v this_o a_o good_a consequence_n nothing_o can_v have_v beginning_n from_o itself_o and_o therefore_o every_o thing_n be_v necessitate_v that_o because_o a_o effect_n must_v necessary_o be_v produce_v by_o some_o cause_n that_o therefore_o the_o cause_n do_v necessary_o produce_v that_o effect_n for_o good_a sir_n reflect_v again_o and_o bethink_v yourself_o that_o as_o some_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v but_o by_o a_o concurrence_n of_o many_o cause_n together_o every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_n and_o yet_o not_o any_o one_o of_o these_o do_v necessitate_v the_o effect_n but_o rather_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v effect_v if_o that_o cause_n be_v single_a and_o alone_a seven_o point_n be_v another_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o voluntary_a action_n be_v necessitate_v because_o they_o have_v sufficient_a cause_n and_o all_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v necessary_a that_o all_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v necessary_a sufficient_a may_v have_v a_o double_a meaning_n either_o when_o there_o be_v sufficient_a virtue_n and_o aptness_n in_o the_o thing_n to_o produce_v the_o effect_n if_o they_o be_v use_v and_o employ_v by_o the_o agent_n or_o else_o when_o the_o agent_n also_o actual_o employ_v they_o to_o that_o purpose_n till_o the_o work_n be_v produce_v take_v sufficient_a in_o this_o latter_a sense_n and_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v necessary_o but_o the_o power_n which_o the_o will_n be_v say_v to_o have_v over_o sufficient_a cause_n be_v understand_v of_o such_o only_a as_o be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o first_o sense_n i.e._n such_o as_o have_v aptness_n in_o they_o to_o produce_v the_o effect_n when_o they_o be_v use_v which_o be_v a_o sense_n both_o common_a and_o reasonable_a as_o i_o have_v sufficient_a to_o pay_v all_o my_o debt_n i_o have_v sufficient_a to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o year_n travel_n and_o yet_o neither_o pay_v a_o penny_n nor_o stir_v a_o foot_n eight_o point_n charge_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n that_o be_v give_v by_o other_o with_o nonsense_n and_o contradiction_n viz._n that_o when_o all_o thing_n needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n be_v present_a can_v nevertheless_o not_o produce_v it_o for_o the_o nonsense_n let_v it_o lie_v between_o we_o a_o while_n till_o the_o matter_n be_v examine_v a_o little_a and_o then_o let_v they_o take_v it_o that_o have_v most_o right_a to_o it_o if_o there_o be_v any_o nonsense_n in_o the_o definition_n it_o must_v be_v either_o in_o the_o meaning_n of_o they_o that_o use_v it_o or_o in_o the_o word_n they_o use_v to_o express_v their_o meaning_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o all_o thing_n needful_a to_o produce_v the_o effect_n their_o meaning_n be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v of_o all_o except_o the_o agent_n be_v will_n or_o if_o it_o be_v not_o know_v to_o mr._n hobbs_n it_o may_v and_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v from_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o definition_n which_o plain_o suppose_v the_o will_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o be_v yet_o undetermined_a all_o thing_n needful_a in_o this_o sense_n may_v well_o be_v and_o yet_o nothing_o produce_v because_o the_o agent_n have_v not_o yet_o resolve_v to_o use_v they_o but_o if_o mr._n hobbs_n will_v make_v they_o mean_v what_o they_o do_v not_o he_o may_v very_o well_o make_v they_o speak_v what_o they_o shall_v not_o now_o if_o their_o meaning_n imply_v no_o contradiction_n or_o nonsense_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v not_o then_o of_o necessity_n the_o word_n must_v or_o it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a on_o who_o to_o bestow_v the_o nonsense_n and_o for_o the_o word_n to_o say_v there_o be_v all_o thing_n needful_a when_o yet_o the_o agent_n be_v except_v who_o be_v no_o less_o needful_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n let_v the_o common_a language_n of_o man_n or_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n be_v please_v