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experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n or_o such_o like_a measure_n how_o many_o author_n of_o great_a name_n and_o estimation_n have_v differ_v among_o themselves_o every_o man_n may_v inform_v himself_o out_o of_o this_o table_n here_o insert_v these_o difference_n we_o find_v diverse_o relate_v but_o of_o all_o other_o which_o author_n have_v set_v forth_o  _fw-fr author_n furlong_n mile_n  _fw-fr strabo_n and_o hipparchus_n 252000_o 31500_o  _fw-fr eratosthenes_n 250000_o 31250_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n contain_v according_a to_o possidonius_fw-la &_o the_o ancient_a arabian_n 240000_o 30000_o ptolemy_n 180000_o 22500_o  _fw-fr the_o late_a arabian_n 204000_o 25500_o  _fw-fr italian_n and_o german_n 172800_o 21600_o i_o prefer_v the_o judgement_n of_o mr_n robert_n hues_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o common_a tradition_n but_o industrious_o by_o himself_o derive_v out_o of_o the_o ancient_n by_o diligent_a search_n and_o 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maurolycus_n and_o xilander_n talk_v of_o diverse_a kind_n of_o pace_n maurolycus_n labour_v to_o reconcile_v both_o but_o without_o effect_n first_o whereas_o they_o will_v have_v diverse_a kâ—nde_n of_o pace_n it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o can_v learn_v that_o the_o grecian_n ever_o measure_v their_o furlong_n by_o pace_n but_o either_o by_o foot_n or_o faddome_n a_o fathom_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o hand_n together_o with_o the_o breast_n betwixt_o contain_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o measure_v well_o know_v unto_o our_o mariner_n in_o sound_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o measure_n notwithstanding_o be_v by_o many_o translate_v a_o pace_n by_o what_o reason_n let_v any_o man_n judge_v xilander_n in_o translate_n strabo_n render_v it_o a_o ell_n second_o for_o a_o furlong_n it_o contain_v according_a to_o herodoiuâ—_n a_o ancient_a grecian_a writer_n 600_o foot_n which_o be_v also_o testify_v by_o suidas_n be_v much_o late_a a_o furlong_n contain_v 100_o faddome_n every_o fathom_n four_o cubit_n a_o cubit_n according_a to_o heron_n a_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o 24_o digit_n now_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o furlong_n it_o be_v true_a that_o censorinus_n make_v three_o kind_n for_o either_o it_o be_v call_v the_o italian_a consist_v of_o 625_o foot_n which_o be_v of_o most_o regard_n in_o measure_v the_o earth_n or_o the_o olympian_a of_o 600_o foot_n or_o the_o pythian_a contain_v 1000_o foot_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v this_o latter_a we_o shall_v find_v by_o serious_a consideration_n that_o the_o italian_a and_o olympian_a furlong_n differ_v only_o in_o name_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o same_o for_o the_o italian_a contain_v 625_o roman_a foot_n according_a to_o pliny_n in_o his_o second_o book_n be_v squall_v to_o the_o olympian_a have_v 600_o grecian_a foot_n for_o a_o foot_n with_o the_o grecian_n exceed_v the_o roman_a foot_n by_o a_o twenty_o four_o part_n as_o much_o as_o be_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o 600_o and_o 625._o hence_o we_o see_v how_o little_a certainty_n can_v be_v expect_v of_o such_o as_o go_v about_o to_o reconcile_v these_o opinion_n out_o of_o the_o various_a use_n and_o acception_n of_o the_o measure_n the_o most_o probable_a assertion_n than_o be_v that_o the_o error_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n mention_v by_o the_o foresay_a author_n be_v not_o by_o themselves_o exact_o measure_v but_o take_v up_o upon_o trust_n on_o the_o relation_n of_o traveller_n wherein_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v mistake_v for_o instance_n we_o will_v take_v eratosthenes_n and_o possidonius_fw-la as_o of_o great_a credit_n who_o be_v notwithstanding_o tax_v for_o many_o error_n in_o their_o experimental_a observation_n whereas_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o ptolemy_n ground_v his_o opinion_n on_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n exact_o measure_v as_o be_v witness_v by_o his_o designation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v discover_v and_o know_v eratosthenes_n for_o mistake_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o distance_n be_v much_o tax_v by_o hyparchus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o strabo_n for_o betwixt_o alexandria_n and_o carthage_n he_o reckon_v above_o 13_o thousand_o furlong_n whereas_o by_o a_o more_o diligent_a enquiry_n there_o be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o 9_o thousand_o likewise_o possidoniuâ—_n be_v know_v to_o be_v mistake_v in_o that_o he_o make_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n to_o be_v 5000_o furlong_n whereas_o out_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o mariner_n some_o have_v make_v it_o 4000_o some_o 5000_o as_o it_o be_v witness_v by_o eratosthenes_n in_o strabo_n who_o notwithstanding_o say_v that_o he_o find_v by_o instrument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o above_o 3750_o and_o strabo_n wouâ—d_v have_v it_o somewhat_o less_o as_o 2640._o maurolycus_n go_v about_o to_o defend_v possidonius_fw-la against_o ptolemy_n bring_v nothing_o but_o frivolous_a reason_n unworthy_a so_o good_a a_o author_n out_o of_o all_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v our_o former_a corollary_n will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o the_o experimental_a mistake_n in_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n where_o they_o trust_v to_o other_o man_n relation_n rather_o than_o their_o own_o knowledge_n 6_o the_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o and_o measure_v the_o thickness_n of_o it_o the_o invention_n of_o which_o depend_v on_o these_o rule_n 1_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n to_o the_o diameter_n wherefore_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n multiply_v by_o 7_o and_o divide_v by_o 22_o will_v produce_v the_o diameter_n the_o exact_a proportion_n betwixt_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a 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