with_o loss_n and_o dishonour_n when_o as_o they_o measure_v the_o humour_n of_o their_o poor_a needy_a and_o undisciplined_a soldier_n by_o the_o garb_n of_o their_o ambitious_a thought_n and_o so_o lay_v such_o project_n of_o difficulty_n as_o be_v very_o unsuitable_a in_o the_o particularity_n of_o occurrence_n to_o that_o which_o their_o soldier_n be_v fit_a to_o execute_v chap._n xix_o the_o emulation_n between_o two_o centurion_n pulfio_n and_o varenus_n with_o their_o fortune_n in_o the_o encounter_n there_o be_v in_o that_o legion_n two_o valiant_a man_n titus_n pulfio_n and_o l._n varenus_n centurion_n come_v on_o a_o pace_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o first_o order_n these_o two_o be_v at_o continual_a debate_n which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v prefer_v one_o before_o another_o &_o every_o year_n contend_v for_o place_n of_o preferment_n with_o much_o strife_n and_o emulation_n pulfio_n at_o a_o time_n that_o the_o fortification_n be_v very_o sharp_o assault_v call_v to_o varenus_n and_o ask_v he_o why_o he_o now_o stand_v doubtful_a or_o what_o other_o place_n he_o do_v look_v for_o to_o make_v trial_n of_o his_o manhood_n this_o be_v the_o day_n say_v he_o that_o shall_v decide_v our_o controversy_n and_o when_o he_o have_v speak_v these_o word_n he_o go_v out_o of_o the_o fortification_n and_o where_o he_o see_v the_o enemy_n thick_a he_o fierce_o set_v upon_o they_o then_o can_v not_o varenus_n hold_v himself_o within_o the_o rampire_n but_o follow_v after_o in_o a_o reasonable_a distance_n pulfio_n cast_v his_o pile_n at_o the_o enemy_n and_o strike_v one_o of_o the_o multitude_n through_o that_o come_v run_v out_o against_o he_o he_o be_v slay_v all_o cast_v their_o weapon_n at_o he_o give_v no_o respite_n or_o time_n of_o retreat_n pulfio_n have_v his_o target_n strike_v through_o and_o the_o dart_n stick_v fast_o in_o his_o girdle_n this_o chance_n turn_v aside_o his_o scabbard_n and_o hinder_v his_o right_a hand_n from_o pull_v out_o his_o 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day_n or_o what_o other_o cause_n have_v make_v our_o worst_a affection_n so_o violent_a and_o our_o better_a faculty_n so_o remiss_a and_o negligent_a that_o virtue_n have_v no_o part_n in_o we_o but_o word_n of_o praise_n our_o whole_a practice_n be_v consecrate_v to_o action_n of_o reproach_n the_o injury_n murder_n scandalous_a carriage_n of_o one_o towards_o a_o other_o which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v so_o ready_o offer_v and_o so_o impatientlie_o digest_v will_v admit_v no_o satisfaction_n but_o private_a combat_n which_o in_o the_o first_o monarchy_n be_v grant_v only_o against_o stranger_n and_o foreign_a enemy_n as_o the_o only_a object_n of_o arm_n and_o wrath_n and_o capable_a of_o that_o justice_n which_o the_o private_a sword_n shall_v execute_v for_o they_o well_o perceive_v that_o these_o single_a battle_n be_v as_o sparkle_n of_o civil_a discord_n and_o intestine_a war_n although_o not_o so_o apparent_a in_o the_o general_a view_n of_o their_o state_n yet_o as_o odious_a in_o particular_a and_o as_o dishonourable_a to_o good_a government_n and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o true_a record_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v either_o slay_v or_o wound_v within_o these_o forty_o year_n either_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o in_o france_n or_o in_o germany_n by_o this_o licentious_a and_o brutish_a custom_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o they_o will_v amount_v to_o a_o number_n capable_a of_o that_o fearful_a stile_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o civil_a war_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o law_n how_o rigorous_a or_o hard_a soever_o that_o can_v give_v relief_n to_o this_o disorder_n but_o the_o restraint_n will_v draw_v on_o as_o great_a enormity_n and_o as_o untolerable_a in_o a_o good_a government_n rotaris_fw-la king_n of_o the_o lombard_n forbid_v his_o subject_n this_o manner_n of_o combat_n but_o short_o after_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o recall_v the_o edict_n for_o the_o avoid_v of_o great_a evil_n although_o he_o protest_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v both_o inhuman_a and_o barbarous_a the_o like_a edict_n be_v publish_v in_o france_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a but_o be_v within_o two_o year_n revoke_v again_o at_o the_o instant_n request_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o murder_n and_o assasinat_n commit_v in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o only_a remedy_n that_o i_o find_v to_o take_v effect_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o of_o late_a time_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o melphe_n in_o piedmont_n invent_v to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a for_o perceive_v how_o ordinary_a quarrel_n and_o bloodshed_n be_v in_o his_o camp_n he_o assign_v a_o place_n between_o two_o bridge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duellum_fw-la with_o this_o charge_n that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o worst_a shall_v always_o be_v slay_v and_o cast_v from_o the_o bridge_n into_o the_o water_n the_o danger_n join_v with_o dishonour_n which_o by_o this_o decree_n attend_v such_o as_o
and_o therefore_o let_v they_o suppose_v that_o all_o thing_n consist_v in_o the_o victory_n the_o roman_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o gall_n both_o in_o number_n of_o man_n and_o valour_n and_o albeit_o they_o be_v destitute_a of_o good_a captain_n and_o of_o good_a fortune_n yet_o they_o repose_v in_o their_o manhood_n all_o the_o hope_n of_o their_o safety_n and_o as_o often_o as_o any_o cohort_n issue_v out_o they_o fail_v not_o to_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o enemy_n on_o that_o part_n the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v already_o handle_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o orb_n with_o such_o property_n as_o be_v incident_a to_o a_o circle_n wherein_o i_o show_v the_o conveniency_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o regard_n of_o safe_a and_o strong_a imbattail_v i_o will_v now_o add_v this_o much_o concern_v the_o use_n thereof_o that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o best_a manner_n of_o imbattail_v for_o a_o defensive_a strength_n and_o therefore_o never_o use_v but_o in_o extremity_n so_o we_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a that_o the_o sudden_a betake_v of_o ourselves_o to_o such_o a_o refuge_n do_v not_o more_o dismay_v the_o soldier_n than_o the_o advantage_n of_o that_o imbattail_v can_v benefit_v they_o for_o unless_o a_o leader_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v his_o man_n in_o courage_n that_o their_o heart_n may_v be_v free_a from_o despair_n and_o amazement_n what_o profit_n can_v there_o arise_v from_o any_o disposition_n or_o body_n soever_o when_o the_o particular_a member_n shall_v be_v senseless_a of_o that_o duty_n which_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o order_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o assistance_n to_o courage_n give_v mean_n to_o manage_v our_o valour_n with_o advantage_n in_o the_o war_n of_o africa_n we_o read_v that_o caesar_n legion_n be_v encircle_v about_o with_o great_a multitude_n of_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o orb_n but_o he_o quick_o turn_v it_o to_o a_o better_a use_n by_o advance_v the_o two_o cornet_n two_o contrary_a way_n and_o so_o divide_v the_o enemy_n into_o two_o part_n and_o then_o beat_v they_o back_o to_o their_o great_a disadvantage_n the_o second_o observation_n i_o need_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o order_n which_o the_o gall_n here_o take_v concern_v pillage_n that_o no_o soldior_fw-la shall_v forsake_v his_o station_n or_o disrank_v himself_o in_o hope_n of_o spoil_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o from_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o war_n have_v often_o change_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n and_o sell_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o public_a victory_n for_o private_a lucre_n and_o petty_a pilfer_n among_o other_o example_n 20_o let_v that_o which_o guichardine_n report_v of_o the_o battle_n of_o taro_n suffice_v to_o warn_v a_o well_o direct_v army_n as_o well_o by_o the_o good_a which_o charles_n the_o eight_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o france_n receive_v at_o that_o time_n as_o by_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o italian_n feel_v by_o that_o disorder_n not_o to_o seek_v after_o pillage_n until_o the_o victory_n be_v obtain_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o insufficiency_n of_o these_o commander_n whereof_o caesar_n now_o complain_v as_o the_o only_a want_n which_o these_o roman_n have_v to_o clear_v themselves_o of_o this_o danger_n bring_v to_o our_o consideration_n that_o which_o former_a time_n have_v make_v a_o question_n which_o be_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o their_o soldier_n that_o enlarge_v their_o empire_n to_o that_o greatness_n and_o make_v their_o people_n and_o senate_n lord_n of_o the_o world_n polybius_n weigh_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n gain_v of_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n of_o one_o zantippus_n a_o grecian_a have_v before_o that_o time_n receive_v diverse_a overthrow_n during_o the_o time_n of_o those_o war_n in_o africa_n conclude_v that_o it_o be_v more_o in_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o commander_n then_o in_o any_o extraordinary_a virtue_n of_o the_o soldier_n that_o the_o roman_n achieve_v so_o many_o conquest_n and_o beside_o the_o present_a example_n of_o zantippus_n he_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n with_o the_o proceed_n of_o hannibal_n who_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n still_o gain_v of_o the_o roman_a empire_n enlarge_a the_o territory_n of_o carthage_n and_o streighten_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o mighty_a rome_n until_o it_o have_v get_v a_o leader_n matchable_a to_o that_o subtle_a carthaginean_a and_o find_v a_o scipio_n to_o confront_v their_o hannibal_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n famous_a battle_n between_o the_o old_a roman_n and_o the_o last_o latin_n wherein_o both_o party_n be_v equal_o ballaunce_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n of_o their_o soldier_n have_v both_o the_o same_o arm_n the_o same_o use_n of_o their_o weapon_n and_o the_o same_o discipline_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n neither_o can_v fortune_n tell_v by_o the_o presence_n of_o their_o army_n where_o to_o bestow_v her_o favour_n or_o where_o to_o show_v her_o disdain_n but_o that_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o roman_a leader_n bring_v the_o odds_n in_o the_o trial_n and_o make_v rome_n great_a with_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o latin_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o it_o import_v the_o whole_a fortune_n of_o a_o army_n to_o have_v a_o leader_n worthy_a of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o do_v make_v a_o great_a difference_n of_o inequality_n between_o two_o equal_a army_n than_o the_o wisdom_n and_o experience_n of_o a_o grave_a commander_n or_o the_o disabilitie_n of_o a_o unskilful_a leader_n which_o be_v so_o powerful_a in_o their_o several_a effect_n that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o a_o hear_v of_o heart_n lead_v by_o a_o lion_n then_o of_o so_o many_o lion_n conduct_v by_o a_o heart_n chap._n xiii_o ambiorix_n direct_v the_o gall_n how_o they_o may_v best_o fight_v with_o advantage_n and_o frustrate_v the_o weapon_n of_o roman_a soldier_n the_o which_o thing_n when_o ambiorix_n perceive_v caesar_n he_o command_v his_o man_n to_o throw_v their_o cast_a weapon_n a_o far_o off_o and_o keep_v themselves_o from_o come_v near_o at_o hand_n and_o where_o the_o roman_n charge_v upon_o they_o to_o give_v way_n and_o again_o as_o they_o see_v they_o retire_v to_o their_o ensign_n then_o to_o pursue_v they_o which_o commandment_n be_v so_o diligent_o observe_v by_o the_o gall_n that_o as_o oft_o as_o any_o cohort_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o orb_n to_o give_v a_o assault_n the_o enemy_n give_v back_o as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v no_o help_n but_o that_o part_n must_v be_v leave_v naked_a and_o open_a to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o cast_v weapon_n and_o again_o as_o they_o retire_v to_o their_o place_n they_o be_v circumvent_v as_o well_o by_o they_o that_o have_v give_v place_n unto_o they_o as_o by_o such_o as_o stand_v next_o about_o they_o and_o if_o they_o go_v about_o to_o keep_v their_o ground_n they_o can_v neither_o help_v themselves_o by_o their_o manhood_n nor_o stand_v thick_a together_o avoid_z the_o dart_n that_o such_o a_o multitude_n cast_v upon_o they_o and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o inconvenience_n beside_o the_o wound_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v they_o stand_v still_o at_o their_o defence_n and_o have_v so_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o they_o have_v fight_v eight_o hour_n together_o they_o count_v nothing_o dishonourable_a or_o unworthy_a of_o themselves_o the_o observation_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a fight_n consist_v altogether_o in_o good_a disposition_n of_o imbattail_v and_o in_o firm_a stand_n and_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o circumstance_n where_o ambiorix_n forbid_v his_o man_n to_o buckle_v with_o they_o but_o to_o give_v back_o and_o follow_v on_o again_o as_o the_o lightness_n of_o their_o arm_n give_v they_o opportunity_n in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n in_o the_o battle_n between_o caesar_n and_o affranius_n it_o appear_v that_o caesar_n his_o soldier_n be_v bind_v to_o keep_v their_o array_n not_o to_o leave_v their_o ensign_n nor_o without_o a_o weighty_a occasion_n to_o forsake_v their_o station_n appoint_v they_o whereas_o the_o affranians_n fight_v thin_a and_o scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o if_o they_o be_v hard_o lay_v unto_o they_o think_v it_o no_o dishonour_n to_o retire_v and_o give_v back_o as_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o the_o portugal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o roman_n be_v overthrow_v than_o t._n baluentius_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v be_v primipile_n of_o that_o legion_n a_o valiant_a man_n and_o of_o great_a authority_n have_v both_o
to_o a_o faithful_a and_o serious_a execution_n of_o such_o a_o action_n to_o prepare_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o man_n with_o word_n of_o encouragement_n and_o to_o take_v away_o all_o scruple_n out_o of_o their_o conceit_n either_o of_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o disadvantage_n against_o the_o enemy_n for_o if_o at_o any_o time_n that_o say_v be_v true_a that_o oratio_fw-la plus_fw-la potest_fw-la quam_fw-la pecunia_fw-la it_o be_v here_o more_o powerful_a and_o of_o great_a effect_n for_o a_o donative_n or_o liberanca_fw-la can_v but_o procure_v a_o mercenary_a endeavour_n ever_o yield_v to_o a_o better_a offer_n and_o do_v oftentimes_o breed_v a_o suspicion_n of_o wrong_n even_o among_o those_o that_o be_v willing_o enrich_v with_o they_o and_o so_o make_v they_o flacke_a to_o discharge_v their_o service_n with_o loyalty_n yea_o oftentimes_o of_o friend_n to_o become_v enemy_n but_o in_o as_o much_o as_o speech_n disclose_v the_o secret_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o discover_v the_o intent_n and_o drift_n of_o every_o action_n a_o few_o good_a word_n lay_v open_o the_o injury_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o innocence_n how_o equity_n be_v control_v with_o wrong_n and_o justice_n control_v by_o iniquity_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o a_o commander_n approve_v his_o cause_n and_o settle_v a_o opinion_n of_o right_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o his_o soldier_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v that_o seem_v probable_a which_o so_o many_o offer_n to_o defend_v with_o their_o blood_n when_o indeed_o every_o man_n rely_v upon_o another_o knowledge_n and_o respect_v nothing_o less_o the_o right_n a_o few_o good_a word_n i_o say_v will_v so_o stir_v up_o their_o mind_n in_o the_o feruentnes_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o every_o man_n will_v take_v himself_o particular_o engage_v in_o the_o action_n by_o the_o title_n of_o equity_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o it_o jump_v with_o the_o necessity_n of_o their_o condition_n for_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o do_v well_o when_o welldoing_a agree_v with_o that_o they_o will_v do_v otherwise_o the_o act_n may_v former_o be_v effect_v but_o the_o mind_n never_o approve_v it_o by_o assent_n and_o this_o manner_n of_o exhortation_n or_o speech_n of_o encouragement_n be_v never_o omit_v by_o caesar_n in_o any_o conflict_n mention_v in_o this_o history_n but_o he_o still_o use_v it_o as_o a_o necessary_a instrument_n to_o set_v virtue_n on_o foot_n and_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o stir_v up_o alacrity_n or_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o his_o man_n be_v at_o any_o time_n discourage_v by_o disaster_n or_o cross_a accident_n gallico_n as_o they_o be_v at_o gergobia_n and_o at_o the_o two_o overthrow_n he_o have_v at_o dirrachium_n he_o never_o will_v adventure_v to_o give_v battle_n until_o he_o have_v encourage_v they_o again_o and_o confirm_v their_o mind_n in_o valour_n and_o resolution_n but_o this_o age_n have_v put_v on_o so_o scornful_a a_o humour_n that_o it_o can_v hear_v a_o speech_n in_o this_o key_n sound_v it_o never_o so_o grave_o without_o scoff_v and_o derision_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n discontinuance_n of_o so_o necessary_a a_o part_n have_v breed_v at_o length_n such_o a_o inutilem_fw-la pudorem_fw-la in_o our_o chief_a commander_n that_o they_o have_v rather_o loose_v the_o gain_n of_o a_o great_a advantage_n then_o buy_v it_o with_o word_n to_o be_v deliver_v in_o public_a the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o chapter_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v the_o violence_n of_o the_o roman_a pile_n describe_v which_o be_v a_o heavy_a deadly_a weapon_n can_v hardly_o be_v frustrate_v with_o any_o resistance_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v very_o proper_a and_o effectual_a against_o a_o phalanx_n or_o any_o other_o thick_a and_o close_a battle_n or_o wheresoeever_n else_o the_o stroke_n be_v certain_a or_o can_v hardly_o deceive_v the_o aim_n of_o the_o caster_n for_o in_o such_o encounter_v it_o so_o gall_a the_o enemy_n that_o they_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o keep_v their_o order_n nor_o answer_v the_o assault_n with_o a_o resist_a counterbuff_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a remedy_n against_o the_o pile_n be_v to_o make_v the_o rank_n thin_a allow_v to_o every_o soldier_n a_o large_a podisme_n or_o place_n to_o stand_v in_o that_o so_o the_o stroke_n may_v of_o itself_o fall_v without_o hurt_n or_o by_o foresight_n be_v prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v plain_o appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n which_o i_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o note_v as_o the_o place_n shall_v offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o this_o discourse_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o pile_n which_o be_v so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o roman_a history_n polybius_n describe_v it_o in_o this_o manner_n a_o pile_n say_v he_o be_v a_o cast_a weapon_n the_o staff_n whereof_o be_v almost_o 3_o cubit_n long_o and_o it_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n the_o staff_n be_v arm_v with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o staff_n itself_o but_o in_o that_o sort_n that_o half_o the_o head_n be_v fasten_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o staff_n with_o plate_n of_o iron_n like_o the_o head_n of_o a_o halberd_n and_o the_o other_o half_o stick_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o staff_n like_o a_o pike_n contain_v a_o finger_n breadth_n in_o thickness_n and_o so_o decrease_v less_o and_o less_o unto_o the_o point_n which_o be_v barb_a this_o head_n be_v so_o slender_a towards_o the_o point_n that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o staff_n will_v bend_v it_o as_o it_o stick_v as_o appear_v in_o this_o battle_n of_o the_o helvetian_n this_o weapon_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v call_v pilum_fw-la as_o varro_n note_v of_o pilum_fw-la a_o pestle_n quod_fw-la host_n feriret_fw-la ut_fw-la pilum_fw-la romana_fw-la lipsius_n find_v that_o palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la be_v too_o great_a a_o thickness_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n interprete_v it_o to_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n if_o the_o staff_n be_v either_o round_a or_o square_n for_o they_o have_v of_o both_o sort_n and_o so_o he_o make_v it_o very_o manageable_a but_o nothing_o answerable_a to_o the_o description_n give_v by_o polybius_n either_o in_o form_n or_o weight_n patricius_n in_o his_o paralleli_fw-la make_v the_o staff_n to_o have_v palmarem_fw-la diametrum_fw-la in_o the_o butt_n end_n 5._o but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o staff_n he_o make_v to_o decrease_v taper_n wise_a unto_o the_o head_n of_o iron_n where_o it_o have_v the_o thickness_n of_o a_o man_n finger_n and_o so_o it_o answer_v both_o in_o form_n and_o weight_n to_o a_o pestle_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o polybius_n patricius_n in_o that_o place_n set_v down_o four_o discommodity_n of_o the_o pile_n first_o a_o furious_a and_o hot_a spirit_a enemy_n will_v easy_o prevent_v the_o dart_a of_o the_o pile_n with_o a_o nimble_a and_o speedy_a close_o and_o so_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o ariovistus_fw-la the_o german_n come_v so_o violent_o upon_o they_o that_o the_o soldier_n cast_v away_o their_o pile_n and_o betake_v they_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o likewise_o in_o that_o worthy_a battle_n between_o catiline_n and_o marcus_n petreius_n sallust_n they_o cast_v away_o their_o pile_n on_o either_o part_n the_o second_o discommodity_n be_v that_o the_o pile_n be_v so_o heavy_a can_v not_o be_v cast_v any_o distance_n but_o be_v only_o serviceable_a at_o hand_n three_o they_o can_v not_o be_v cast_v with_o any_o aim_n or_o as_o they_o say_v point_n blank_a and_o last_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o ground_n backward_o when_o they_o throw_v they_o which_o may_v easy_o disorder_v their_o troop_n if_o they_o be_v not_o very_o well_o experience_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o last_o thing_n which_o i_o observe_v in_o this_o speciality_n be_v that_o the_o legionarie_a soldier_n have_v no_o other_o offensive_a weapon_n but_o one_o pile_n or_o two_o at_o the_o most_o and_o their_o sword_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o their_o victory_n come_v by_o buckle_v at_o handy-blowe_n for_o they_o come_v always_o so_o near_o before_o they_o cast_v their_o pile_n that_o they_o leave_v themselves_o no_o more_o time_n than_o may_v convenient_o serve_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n neither_o will_v their_o arm_n of_o defence_n which_o be_v complete_a beside_o a_o large_a target_n which_o they_o carry_v on_o their_o left_a arm_n suffer_v they_o to_o make_v any_o long_a pursuit_n or_o continue_a chase_n whensoever_o a_o light_a arm_a enemy_n do_v make_v any_o speedy_a retreat_n as_o will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o follow_v chap._n ix_o the_o helvetian_n faint_v in_o
make_v trial_n by_o light_a skirmish_n with_o his_o horseman_n what_o the_o enemy_n can_v do_v and_o what_o his_o own_o man_n dare_v do_v and_o when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o man_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o belgae_n he_o choose_v a_o convenient_a place_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle_n the_o bank_n where_o he_o be_v encamp_v rise_v somewhat_o from_o a_o plain_a level_n be_v no_o large_a than_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o two_o side_n be_v steep_a and_o the_o front_n rise_v a_o slope_n by_o little_a &_o little_a until_o it_o come_v again_o to_o a_o plain_a where_o the_o legion_n be_v imbattail_v and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n abound_v in_o multitude_n shall_v circumvent_v his_o man_n and_o charge_v they_o in_o flank_n as_o they_o be_v fight_v he_o draw_v a_o overthwart_a ditch_n behind_o his_o army_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o other_o 600_o pace_n in_o length_n the_o end_n whereof_o he_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n and_o place_v therein_o store_n of_o engine_n and_o leave_v in_o his_o camp_n the_o two_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v last_o enrol_v in_o lombardie_n that_o they_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o be_v draw_v forth_o when_o there_o shall_v need_v any_o succour_n he_o imbattail_v his_o other_o six_o legion_n in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o hill_n before_o his_o camp_n the_o belgae_n also_o bring_v forth_o their_o power_n confront_v the_o roman_n in_o order_n of_o battle_n there_o lie_v between_o both_o the_o army_n a_o small_a marish_a over_o which_o the_o enemy_n expect_v that_o caesar_n shall_v have_v pass_v and_o caesar_n on_o the_o other_o side_n attended_z to_o see_v if_o the_o belgae_n will_v come_v over_o that_o his_o man_n may_v have_v charge_v they_o in_o that_o troublesome_a passage_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o cavalry_n on_o both_o side_n encounter_v between_o the_o two_o battle_n and_o after_o long_a expectation_n on_o either_o side_n neither_o party_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o caesar_n have_v get_v the_o better_a in_o the_o skirmish_n between_o the_o horseman_n think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n both_o for_o the_o encourage_v of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o the_o contest_a of_o so_o great_a a_o army_n and_o therefore_o he_o convey_v all_o his_o man_n again_o into_o their_o camp_n from_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n immediate_o take_v his_o way_n to_o the_o river_n axona_n which_o lie_v behind_o the_o roman_n camp_n and_o there_o find_v ford_n they_o attempt_v to_o pass_v over_o part_n of_o their_o force_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v either_o take_v the_o fortress_n which_o q._n titurius_n keep_v or_o to_o break_v down_o the_o bridge_n or_o to_o spoil_v the_o territory_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o roman_n from_o provision_n of_o corn_n caesar_n have_v advertisement_n thereof_o from_o titurius_n transport_v over_o the_o river_n by_o the_o bridge_n all_o his_o horseman_n and_o light_a arm_a numidian_n with_o his_o slinger_n and_o archer_n and_o march_v with_o they_o himself_o the_o conflict_n be_v hot_a in_o that_o place_n the_o roman_n charge_v their_o enemy_n as_o they_o be_v trouble_v in_o the_o water_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o rest_n like_o desperate_a person_n adventure_v to_o pass_v over_o upon_o the_o dead_a carcase_n of_o their_o fellow_n be_v beat_v back_o by_o force_n of_o weapon_n and_o the_o horseman_n encompass_v such_o as_o have_v first_o get_v over_o the_o water_n and_o slay_v every_o man_n of_o they_o when_o the_o belgae_n perceive_v themselves_o frustrate_v of_o their_o hope_n of_o win_v bibrax_n of_o pass_v the_o river_n and_o of_o draw_v the_o roman_n into_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n and_o that_o their_o own_o provision_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o they_o call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n wherein_o they_o resolve_v that_o it_o be_v best_a for_o the_o state_n in_o general_a and_o for_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a to_o break_v up_o their_o camp_n and_o to_o return_v home_o unto_o their_o own_o house_n and_o into_o who_o confine_n or_o territory_n soever_o the_o roman_n shall_v first_o enter_v to_o depopulate_v and_o waste_v they_o in_o hostile_a manner_n that_o thither_o they_o shall_v hasten_v from_o all_o part_n and_o there_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v rather_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o their_o own_o country_n than_o abroad_o in_o a_o strange_a and_o unknown_a place_n and_o have_v their_o own_o household_n provision_n always_o at_o hand_n to_o maintain_v they_o and_o this_o the_o rather_o be_v conclude_v for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v intelligence_n that_o divitiacus_n with_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o hedui_n approach_v near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o bellovaci_fw-la who_o in_o that_o regard_n make_v haste_n homeward_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n the_o first_o observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o art_n which_o he_o use_v to_o countervail_v the_o strength_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n by_o choose_v out_o so_o convenient_a a_o place_n which_o be_v no_o broad_a in_o front_n then_o will_v suffice_v the_o front_n of_o his_o battle_n and_o have_v both_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n so_o steep_a that_o the_o enemy_n can_v not_o ascend_v nor_o climb_v up_o but_o to_o their_o own_o overthrow_n he_o make_v the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o hill_n strong_a by_o art_n &_o so_o place_v his_o soldier_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o gate_n of_o a_o fortress_n where_o they_o may_v either_o issue_n out_o or_o retire_v at_o their_o pleasure_n whereby_o it_o appear_v how_o much_o he_o prefer_v security_n and_o safety_n before_o the_o vain_a opinion_n of_o foolhardy_a resolution_n which_o savour_v of_o barbarism_n rather_o than_o of_o true_a wisdom_n for_o he_o ever_o think_v it_o great_a gain_n to_o loose_v nothing_o and_o the_o day_n bring_v always_o good_a fortune_n that_o deliver_v up_o the_o army_n safe_a unto_o the_o evening_n attend_v until_o advantage_n have_v lay_v sure_a principle_n of_o victory_n and_o yet_o caesar_n be_v never_o think_v a_o coward_n and_o now_o it_o appear_v what_o use_v he_o make_v by_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n and_o attend_v the_o enemy_n on_o the_o further_a side_n rather_o than_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o state_n of_o rheimes_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o enemy_n shall_v attempt_v in_o any_o part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o land_n his_o force_n be_v ready_a to_o trouble_v their_o proceed_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o their_o attempt_n of_o bibrax_n &_o yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o lose_v not_o the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v slaughter_n of_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n for_o by_o the_o benefitte_n of_o the_o bridge_n which_o he_o have_v fortify_v he_o transport_v what_o force_n he_o will_v to_o make_v head_n against_o they_o as_o they_o pass_v over_o and_o so_o he_o take_v what_o advantage_n either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v afford_v he_o the_o second_o observation_n and_o here_o the_o reader_n may_v not_o marvel_v if_o when_o the_o hill_n be_v in_o labour_n they_o bring_v forth_o but_o a_o mouse_n for_o how_o soon_o be_v the_o courage_n of_o this_o huge_a army_n abate_v or_o what_o do_v it_o attempt_v worthy_a such_o a_o multitude_n or_o answerable_a to_o the_o report_n which_o be_v bruit_v of_o their_o valour_n but_o be_v hasty_o carry_v together_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n be_v as_o quick_o disperse_v upon_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o enemy_n which_o be_v no_o strange_a effect_n of_o a_o sudden_a humour_n for_o as_o in_o nature_n all_o violent_a motion_n be_v of_o short_a continuance_n and_o the_o durabilitie_n or_o last_a quality_n of_o all_o action_n proceed_v from_o a_o slow_a and_o temperate_a progression_n so_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o untemperate_a violence_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o heat_n and_o passion_n do_v vanish_v away_o even_o with_o the_o smoke_n thereof_o and_o bring_v forth_o nothing_o but_o leasurable_a repentance_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o ill_a counsel_n for_o man_n of_o such_o nature_n to_o qualify_v their_o hasty_a resolution_n with_o a_o mistrustful_a linger_a that_o when_o their_o judgement_n be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o cause_n they_o may_v proceed_v to_o a_o speedy_a execution_n but_o that_o which_o most_o bewray_v their_o indiscreet_a intemperance_n in_o the_o hot_a pursuit_n of_o this_o enterprise_n be_v that_o before_o they_o have_v scarce_o see_v the_o enemy_n or_o have_v opportunity_n to_o contest_v he_o in_o open_a field_n their_o victual_n begin_v to_o fail_v they_o for_o their_o mind_n be_v so_o carry_v away_o with_o the_o conceit_n of_o war_n that_o they_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o provide_v such_o necessary_n
hand_n he_o do_v advance_v it_o ready_a to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o follow_v that_o some_o of_o the_o pike_n do_v not_o only_o extend_v themselves_o before_o the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o rank_n but_o some_o before_o the_o foremost_a if_o the_o phalanx_n have_v his_o proper_a and_o due_a thickness_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a disposition_n both_o on_o the_o side_n and_o behind_o as_o homer_n make_v mention_v when_o he_o say_v that_o one_o target_n do_v enclose_v and_o fortify_v another_o one_o head-piece_n be_v join_v to_o another_o that_o they_o may_v stand_v unite_v and_o close_a together_o these_o circumstance_n be_v right_o and_o true_o set_v down_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o pike_n of_o every_o former_a rank_n in_o the_o phalanx_n do_v extend_v themselves_o two_o cubit_n before_o each_o other_o which_o proportion_n of_o difference_n they_o have_v between_o themselves_o by_o which_o may_v evident_o be_v see_v the_o assault_n and_o 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which_o be_v easy_o do_v shall_v not_o that_o disposition_n then_o be_v utterlie_o unprofitable_a and_o free_a from_o all_o terror_n and_o it_o be_v far_a evident_a that_o the_o phalanx_n must_v necessary_o have_v plain_a &_o champion_n place_n without_o any_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n as_o ditch_n uneven_a place_n valley_n little_a hill_n and_o river_n for_o all_o these_o may_v hinder_v &_o disjoin_v it_o and_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v a_o plain_a of_o the_o capacity_n of_o 20._o stadia_fw-la much_o less_o more_o where_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v none_o of_o these_o impediment_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v find_v such_o place_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o phalanx_n if_o the_o enemy_n refuse_v to_o come_v unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n spoil_n and_o sack_v the_o city_n and_o country_n round_o about_o what_o commodity_n or_o profit_n shall_v arise_v by_o a_o army_n so_o order_v for_o if_o it_o remain_v in_o such_o place_n as_o have_v be_v before_o speak_v of_o it_o can_v neither_o relieve_v their_o friend_n nor_o preserve_v themselves_o for_o the_o convoy_n which_o they_o expect_v from_o their_o friend_n be_v easy_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o enemy_n while_o they_o remain_v in_o those_o open_a place_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o upon_o any_o enterprise_n they_o be_v then_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n but_o suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a army_n shall_v find_v the_o phalanx_n in_o such_o place_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o adventure_v itself_o in_o gross_a at_o one_o instant_a but_o will_v by_o little_a &_o little_o retire_v itself_o as_o do_v plain_o appear_v by_o their_o usual_a practice_n for_o there_o must_v not_o be_v a_o conjecture_n of_o these_o thing_n by_o my_o word_n only_o but_o especial_o by_o that_o which_o they_o do_v for_o they_o do_v not_o so_o equal_o frame_v their_o battle_n that_o they_o do_v assault_v the_o enemy_n altogether_o make_v as_o it_o be_v but_o one_o front_n but_o part_n make_v a_o stand_n and_o part_n charge_v the_o enemy_n that_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o phalanx_n do_v press_v they_o that_o come_v to_o assault_v they_o and_o be_v repel_v the_o force_n of_o their_o order_n be_v dissolve_v for_o whether_o they_o pursue_v those_o that_o retire_v or_o fly_v from_o those_o that_o do_v assault_v they_o these_o do_v disjoin_v themselves_o from_o part_n of_o their_o army_n by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v a_o gap_n open_v to_o their_o enemy_n staud_v and_o attend_v their_o opportunity_n so_o that_o now_o they_o need_v not_o any_o more_o to_o charge_v they_o in_o the_o front_n where_o the_o force_n of_o the_o phalanx_n consist_v but_o to_o assault_v where_o the_o breach_n be_v make_v both_o behind_o and_o upon_o the_o side_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o roman_a army_n may_v keep_v his_o due_a propriety_n and_o disposition_n the_o phalanx_n by_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a do_v it_o not_o then_o manifest_o demonstrate_v the_o difference_n to_o be_v great_a between_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o disposition_n and_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o phalanx_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o necessity_n impose_v upon_o a_o army_n which_o be_v to_o march_v through_o place_n of_o all_o nature_n to_o encamp_v themselves_o to_o possess_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o besiege_v and_o to_o be_v besiege_v and_o also_o contrary_a to_o expectation_n sometime_o to_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o all_o these_o occasion_n necessary_o accompany_v a_o army_n and_o oftentimes_o be_v the_o especial_a cause_n of_o victory_n to_o which_o the_o macedonian_a phalanx_n be_v no_o way_n fit_a or_o convenient_a forasmuch_o as_o neither_o in_o their_o general_a order_n nor_o in_o their_o particular_a disposition_n without_o a_o convenient_a
and_o as_o zonaras_n in_o his_o second_o tome_n say_v be_v never_o give_v but_o upon_o some_o great_a exploit_n and_o after_o a_o just_a victory_n obtain_v and_o then_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v and_o the_o enemy_n overthrow_v the_o general_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n with_o the_o triumphant_a shout_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n by_o which_o acclamation_n the_o soldier_n give_v testimony_n of_o his_o worth_n and_o make_v it_o equivalent_a with_o the_o most_o fortunate_a commander_n this_o ceremony_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o history_n annal._n and_o namely_o by_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v that_o tiberius_n give_v that_o honour_n to_o blesus_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v salute_v imperator_fw-la by_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o show_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a dignity_n belong_v to_o great_a captain_n after_o they_o have_v foil_v the_o enemy_n with_o a_o eminent_a overthrow_n for_o every_o victory_n be_v not_o sufficient_a whereby_o they_o may_v challenge_v so_o great_a a_o honour_n but_o there_o be_v require_v as_o it_o seem_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v slay_v apian_a in_o his_o second_o book_n say_v that_o in_o old_a time_n the_o name_n of_o imperator_n be_v never_o take_v but_o upon_o great_a and_o admirable_a exploit_n but_o in_o his_o time_n 10000_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v in_o one_o battle_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o that_o honour_n cicero_n say_v that_o 2000_o slay_v in_o the_o place_n especial_o of_o thracian_n 14._o spaniard_n or_o gall_n do_v worthy_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o imperator_n howsoever_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o author_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n require_v to_o be_v slay_v 9_o where_o he_o say_v se_fw-la insta_fw-la victoria_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la appellatum_fw-la chap._n xi_o the_o britain_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britain_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v fetch_v further_o off_o shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_v of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v othersome_a be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n ward_n and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o such_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchor_n gable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unseruiceable_a whereat_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarrie_v they_o bcke_v again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_n in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n and_o that_o which_o be_v more_o important_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n that_o caesar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v this_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o for_o asmuch_o as_o all_o mediterrean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinew_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuskane_n sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o currant_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o noruegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a currant_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o spring_n tide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o
it_o may_v easy_o be_v seduce_v either_o by_o fear_n or_o vain_a imagination_n diffident_a conception_n or_o over_o easy_a credulity_n with_o many_o other_o such_o disturb_a power_n from_o that_o way_n which_o a_o good_a discretion_n and_o a_o understanding_n free_a from_o passion_n will_v have_v take_v first_o therefore_o i_o hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o consistory_n of_o our_o judgement_n well_o settle_v with_o a_o firm_a resolution_n and_o with_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o mind_n before_o we_o enter_v into_o deliberation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v make_v happy_a unto_o we_o by_o good_a direction_n and_o then_o this_o among_o other_o circumstance_n will_v give_v some_o help_n to_o a_o good_a conclusion_n when_o we_o consider_v how_o improbable_a it_o be_v that_o a_o enemy_n who_o chief_a care_n be_v to_o weaken_v his_o adversary_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_v shall_v advise_v he_o of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v concern_v his_o good_a unless_o the_o profit_n which_o he_o himself_o shall_v thereby_o gather_v do_v far_o exceed_v that_o which_o the_o contrary_a part_n may_v expect_v i_o grant_v that_o in_o civil_a war_n where_o there_o be_v many_o friend_n on_o either_o party_n and_o have_v the_o adverse_a cause_n as_o dear_a unto_o they_o as_o their_o own_o there_o be_v oftentimes_o many_o advertisement_n give_v which_o proceed_v from_o a_o true_a and_o sincere_a affection_n and_o may_v advantage_v the_o party_n who_o it_o concern_v as_o well_o in_o prevent_v any_o danger_n as_o in_o the_o furtherance_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v neglect_v but_o to_o be_v weigh_v by_o circumstance_n and_o according_o to_o be_v respect_v whereof_o we_o have_v many_o pregnant_a example_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o france_n and_o particular_o in_o monsieur_n la_fw-fr nou_n his_o discourse_n but_o where_o there_o be_v two_o army_n different_a in_o nation_n language_n and_o humour_n contend_v for_o that_o which_o peculiar_o belong_v unto_o one_o of_o they_o where_o care_v to_o keep_v that_o which_o be_v dear_a unto_o they_o possess_v the_o one_o and_o hope_v of_o gain_n stir_v up_o the_o other_o there_o be_v common_o such_o a_o universal_a hatred_n between_o they_o that_o they_o be_v to_o look_v for_o small_a advantage_n by_o advertisement_n from_o the_o enemy_n which_o if_o the_o roman_n have_v well_o consider_v this_o subtle_a gall_n have_v not_o dispossess_v they_o of_o their_o strength_n nor_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v chap._n x._o the_o roman_n call_v a_o council_n upon_o this_o advertisement_n and_o resolve_v to_o depart_v and_o join_v themselves_o to_o some_o other_o of_o the_o legion_n the_o roman_n be_v trouble_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o matter_n caesar_n albeit_o those_o thing_n be_v speak_v by_o a_o enemy_n yet_o they_o think_v they_o no_o way_n to_o be_v neglect_v but_o especial_o it_o move_v they_o for_o that_o it_o be_v incredible_a that_o the_o eburones_n be_v base_a and_o of_o no_o reputation_n dare_v of_o themselves_o make_v war_n against_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o they_o propound_v the_o matter_n in_o a_o council_n wherein_o there_o grow_v a_o great_a controversy_n among_o they_o l._n arunculeius_fw-la and_o most_o of_o the_o tribune_n and_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o conclude_v of_o any_o thing_n rash_o nor_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o their_o winter_v camp_n without_o express_a commandment_n from_o caesar_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v never_o so_o great_a a_o power_n yea_o even_o of_o their_o german_n have_v the_o garizon_n well_o fortify_v a_o argument_n whereof_o be_v that_o they_o have_v valiant_o withstand_v the_o first_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o give_v they_o many_o wound_n neither_o want_v they_o any_o victual_n and_o before_o that_o provision_n which_o they_o have_v be_v spend_v there_o will_v come_v succour_n from_o other_o garizon_n and_o from_o caesar_n and_o to_o conclude_v what_o be_v more_o dishonourable_a or_o savor_v of_o great_a inconstancy_n then_o to_o consult_v of_o their_o weighty_a affair_n by_o the_o advertisement_n of_o a_o enemy_n titurius_n urge_v vehementlie_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o it_o then_o will_v be_v too_o late_o for_o they_o to_o seek_v a_o remedy_n when_o a_o great_a power_n of_o the_o enemy_n accompany_v with_o the_o german_n be_v assemble_v against_o they_o or_o when_o any_o blow_n be_v give_v to_o any_o of_o the_o next_o winter_v camp_n he_o take_v caesar_n to_o be_v go_v into_o italy_n for_o otherwise_o the_o eburones_n will_v not_o have_v come_v so_o proud_o to_o the_o camp_n let_v they_o not_o respect_v the_o author_n but_o the_o thing_n itself_o the_o rhine_n be_v not_o far_o off_o and_o he_o know_v well_o that_o the_o overthrow_n of_o ariovistus_fw-la and_o their_o former_a victory_n be_v grievous_a to_o the_o german_n the_o gall_n be_v vex_v with_o the_o contumely_n they_o have_v receive_v be_v bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o have_v lose_v their_o former_a reputation_n in_o deed_n of_o arm_n and_o to_o conclude_v who_o will_v imagine_v that_o ambiorix_n shall_v enterprise_v such_o a_o matter_n without_o any_o ground_n or_o certainty_n thereof_o but_o howsoever_o thing_n stand_v his_o counsel_n be_v sure_a and_o can_v bring_v no_o harm_n for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o worse_a thing_n intend_v they_o shall_v but_o go_v safe_o to_o the_o next_o garizon_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o gall_n conspire_v with_o the_o german_n their_o only_a safety_n consist_v in_o celerity_n as_o for_o the_o counsel_n of_o cotta_n and_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n what_o expectation_n can_v be_v have_v thereof_o wherein_o if_o there_o be_v not_o present_a danger_n yet_o assure_o famine_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v by_o long_a siege_n the_o disputation_n be_v thus_o continue_v on_o either_o part_n and_o cotta_n with_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o first_o order_n earnest_o repugn_v it_o do_v as_o please_v you_o since_o you_o will_v needs_o have_v it_o so_o say_v sabinus_n and_o that_o he_o speak_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o soldier_n may_v well_o hear_v he_o for_o i_o be_o not_o he_o that_o most_o fear_v death_n among_o you_o let_v these_o be_v wise_a and_o if_o any_o mischance_n happen_v unto_o they_o they_o shall_v ask_v account_n thereof_o at_o thy_o hand_n inasmuch_o as_o if_o thou_o will_v let_v they_o they_o may_v join_v themselves_o within_o 2._o day_n to_o the_o next_o garizon_n &_o with_o they_o sustain_v what_o chance_n soever_o their_o common_a destiny_n shall_v allot_v they_o and_o not_o perish_v with_o famine_n and_o sword_n like_o a_o people_n cast_v off_o and_o abandon_v from_o their_o fellow_n after_o these_o word_n they_o begin_v to_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o council_n but_o hold_v be_v lay_v upon_o they_o both_o entreaty_n be_v make_v that_o they_o will_v not_o obstinate_o bring_v all_o unto_o a_o desperate_a hazard_n the_o matter_n be_v all_o one_o whether_o they_o go_v or_o stay_v so_o that_o they_o all_o agree_v upon_o one_o thing_n whereas_o in_o disagree_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o well_o do_v the_o disputation_n be_v prolong_v until_o midnight_n at_o length_n cotta_n yield_v and_o the_o sentence_n of_o sabinus_n take_v place_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v proclaim_v that_o they_o shall_v set_v forth_o by_o the_o break_n of_o day_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o night_n be_v spend_v in_o watch_v every_o soldior_fw-la seek_v out_o what_o he_o have_v to_o carry_v with_o he_o and_o what_o he_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v behind_o he_o of_o such_o necessary_n as_o he_o have_v prepare_v for_o winter_n all_o thing_n be_v dispose_v in_o such_o sort_n to_o make_v the_o soldier_n believe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o stay_v without_o danger_n observation_n by_o the_o resolution_n in_o this_o disputation_n it_o appear_v how_o little_a a_o grave_n and_o wise_a deliberation_n avail_v when_o it_o be_v impugn_a with_o the_o violence_n of_o passion_n according_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o my_o former_a observation_n for_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o reason_v by_o cotta_n and_o his_o position_n be_v ground_v upon_o thing_n certain_a and_o well_o know_v to_o the_o whole_a council_n and_o yet_o the_o fear_n of_o sabinus_n be_v such_o that_o it_o carry_v the_o conclusion_n by_o such_o suppose_a assertion_n as_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o passion_n have_v ratify_v for_o true_a principle_n be_v ground_v altogether_o upon_o that_o which_o the_o enemy_n have_v suggest_v and_o not_o upon_o any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n neither_o be_v it_o often_o see_v when_o a_o council_n dispute_v upon_o matter_n of_o such_o consequence_n that_o their_o deliberation_n be_v altogether_o clear_a from_o such_o troublesome_a motion_n but_o that_o it_o will_v