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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16241	Theatrum mundi the theatre or rule of the world, wherein may be sene the running race and course of euerye mans life, as touching miserie and felicity, wherin be contained wonderfull examples, learned deuises, to the ouerthrowe of vice, and exalting of vertue. wherevnto is added a learned, and maruellous worke of the excellencie of mankinde. Written in the Frenche & Latin tongues by Peter Boaystuau, and translated into English by Iohn Alday.; Theatre du monde. English	Boaistuau, Pierre, d. 1566.; Alday, John.	1566 (1566)	STC 3168; ESTC S102736	106,769	288

she hath charged man with suche an vnsatiable appetite that he ceaseth not continuallye to séeke for newe and straunge kinde of meates and hauing founde to his appetite with greate payne he can abstaine himselfe but that he wyll take more than nedefull after the whiche commeth Surfets Rheumes Cancars and other infinite kindes of sickenesses But as touching beastes they content themselues with that that nature hathe prepared without chaunging or forcing their nature for to please their appetite Moreouer nature hath giuē them a complection so well ruled and gouerned that they neuer take more thā is requisite for their nourishment neyther in drinke nor in meat But as for man al the fruites of y e earth those of the trées the fishes of the sea and the Fowles of the aire doe not suffice him but in all points turning hys nature he doth disguise puffe vp change the substance into excesse and the nature into arte to the ende that by such vnsatiablenesse nature be angered and almost forced to take more than is nedefull so then when that nature is ouercharged and that the stomacke is wel filled all the braynes are troubled in such sorte that there is neither of them that can execute their office And I am ashamed that I must nedes tell it that the vnmeasurable delicatenesse that raigneth among Christians this day is the cause that there are many that are not ashamed to giue their bodies and their members to al kinde of vice and villanie and to all kinds of wickednesse howe execrable so euer they be euen in committing many fornications theftes fellonies And I doe maruell that the bellies of manye vnsatiable gluttons do not rot and bruste out by their greate excesse and in the meane time the poore Lazarus standeth at the gate redy to die for hunger and can not haue so much as the crommes that fall from theyr table And therfore such Godbellies or Bellygods are called by the Prophetes fatte Calues who by good reason may be compared to brute beastes for their soule which is the chiefest part they haue being in the bodie so perfumed with meats and drinkes is captiue as in a darke prison or dungeon where as it is almoste stifled and smuthered and the wits whiche are the instrumēts with the which she ought to be serued are buried therein as within the bowels of a beast and against such gluttons as make their belly their God the Prophet Esay crieth out saying Wo be to you that rise earlie to follow drunkennesse and to sit drinking till the Euening to the ende that the wine heate you The which vice at this present day is so familiar among men that there is not almost neither Nation or prouince but that is infected and that glorieth in their great drinking The Tartarians the Persians and the Gréekes haue celebrated drūkennesse among their chiefest triumphes and constrained them that were at their bankets to drinke or to goe their wayes The Macedonians were instructed of their Emperor Alexander to drinke without measure But aboue all Nations Italie hath got the price in the which as Plinie doth write drunkennesse in his time did so raigne that they did not only drink themselues out of al measure but also they constrained their Mares and Horses to doe the like Paulus Diacrus in his Historie of Lumbardes doth rehearse a thing almost monstrous of the vice of drunkēnesse of foure old mē that made a banket in the whiche they drunke the yeares of one another after the maner as followeth they ordeyned to drinke two to two and counted theyr age of yeares that they had and he that drunke to his companion should drinke so many times as he had liued yeres and the yongest of these foure was .lviij. yeres olde the seconde sixtye thrée the thirde lxxxvij and the fourth lxxxxij So that it was not knowen what they did eate at this banket either more or lesse but we know that he that drunke least did drinke lviij tasters of wine and the others so many as they had liued yeares in suche sorte that one of them did drinke lxxxxij times It is not therfore without a cause that this great Philosopher Plato knowyng the harme that wine bringeth to man saide that partly the Gods had sent wine for the punishment of man and to take vengeance of their sinnes causing them when that they are drunke to kyll and murther one another the which cōsidered of Cyneas Ambassadour of King Pyrrhus on a time when that he arriued in Egypt and that he had séene the excesse height of the vineyards in that countrie did saye that by good right that mother was hanged so highe seing she brought forth so daungerous a childe as the wine For this cause Androcides did admonish that great Monarch Alexāder that wine was the bloud of the earth and therefore he shoulde take héede howe to receyue it The which not being well obserued by him in his intemperancie killed Clytus burned the Citie of Percepolis and committed manye other foule and detestable crimes It is not therefore in this our age that these wicked vices of gluttonye and drunkennesse haue made their laste ende vpon the earth but it séemeth that they haue nowe made almost their comming in with man The transgression of our first parents Adam and Eua was the cause that the gate of Paradise was shut against vs. Esau solde hys birth right The great Prophet S. Iohn Baptist was cruellye slaine and murthered after that the cruel tyrant Kyng Herode had banke●ed The wicked riche man was damned for it is expressiuely saide in the Text that he fared deliciously and therfore was he buried in hel Noe being ouercome with wine slept with his priuie parts vncouered and was mocked of his children Loth being ouercome with wine did deflowre his owne daughters Nowe therfore we sée how much more ●auor nature hath shewed vnto beastes than vnto vs in that they do so moderate their appetites that they take no more than is necessarie for the preseruation of their health in such sort that they are not vexed with an infinite number of diseases as we are And if it happen that they are afflicted with anye harmes nature hath instructed them proper remedies without hauing refuge to Phisicke or Phisicions which vnder the colour of receiue chaunge R. into D. and make deceiue so that somtimes we buy full deare the trauell of them which manye times cause our death for the most part of their laxatiue medicines are no other than very hammers to beate downe men But if it happen that the beastes or fowles are sicke nature doth shewe them remedies As the wood Doues Iayes Merlings and Partriches the which purge theyr superfluities with Bay leaues The Pigeons Turtels and Hennes with the herbe Helxine The Torterels wil heale their biting with Cegue The Dogs and Cats when their bellies are too full will purge them in eating dewed herbes or grasse When the Deare are hurt they

Theatrum Mundi The Theator or rule of the world wherein may be sene the running race and course of euerye mans life as touching miserie and felicity wherin is contained wonderfull examples learned deuises to the ouerthrowe of vice and exalting of vertue wherevnto is added a learned and maruellous worke of the excellencie of mankinde Written in the Frenche Latin tongues by Peter Boaystuau and translated into English by Iohn Alday ¶ IMPRINTED AT LONdon by H. D. for Thomas Hacket and are to be sold at his shop in Paules Churchyarde at the signe of the Key ¶ In prayse of the Booke LO here the braunches fresh and greene Lo here deare Friend the race Lo here the path is to be seene through which mankinde doth trace The finall scope the totall ende the wandring steps wherein Humanum genus seemes to tende ▪ his pagent to begin Most like a Theater a game or gameplace if ye will which royally doth beare the fame approude by learned skill Through blisse through ioy through smiling fate commixt with care and woe Now plaste aloft in Princely state and straight brought downe as lowe By hap mishap or haplesse happes compared to a shade Or flower of the fielde which clappes or heate doth cause to fade For as the youthfull wightes assay their partes on stage a while And lauish tongues from day to day with time doth them beguile So that at last their pompe and pride their filed speach hath ende None otherwise away to slide our crooked limmes doe bende The chiefest Lampe or glistring Starre whereof described plaine Surmounting others all full farre herein thou mayst attaine And thus with Tullies worke I fine placing this learned Booke Condecorate with Muses nine a Glasse whereon to looke To the Right Worshipfull Sir William Chester Knight Alderman of the Citie of London and Merchant of the Staple Iohn Alday wisheth health to the pleasure of God with most happie and prosperous successe in all your affaires AMONG all the Learned worthy writers of our age worshipful Sir there is none to my iudgement more worthy of perpetual prayse than those which haue most learnedly philosophied on the miserie of man those I say which contemplating beholding the calamities of these dayes with the corruption of man kind haue not feared to set forth the liues liuings of al estates to this end that in reading hearing their miserable life and wicked conuersation they be the soner moued to detest and abhorre the same and crie out with the Prophete Dauid saying I haue sinned Lord and therevppon amende their wicked wayes Among the which the Author hereof named Peter Boaystuau hath most worthilye set foorth this present worke not only in the French tongue to the profit of his Countrie but first of all in the Latin tongue to his perpetuall and due prayse and to the profite of all Christian Countries and Nations Wherein he hath moste learnedly set forth the corruption of all estates so that those that reade this present booke can no otherwise do but be ashamed of their vniust dealings Moreouer least that man should dispaire of his saluatiō in reading this pitiful Metamorphose or Tragedie knowing themselues culpable he hath most worthily set forth the dignitie and excellencie of man shewing him how much more in excellencie he doth excell all other creatures whō GOD hath created and made So that this is in sūme Right Worshipfull Sir the effect of this rude translation the which I thought good to direct vnto your worship and so much the rather bicause of youre ripe iudgement and perfect knowledge in the French tongue the which as it is well knowen to be vncomparable so are the rest of your most godly vertues wherewith nature hath endued you as a worthie and graue counseller to this honorable Citie of London Receyue therefore I besech you this my rude translation and it accepting in good part excuse my rash enterpise esteeming it as a zeale of my good will the which moste worthilye vnto your worship I haue directed Your daily Orator Iohn Alday To the Right Excellent and Reuerende Lord and Prelate my Lord Iames of Betoun Archbishop of Glasco and Ambassador of Scotland Peter Boaystuau wisheth health and perpetuall obedience MY good Lorde certaine auncient Philosophers haue made maruellous complaints against the ingratitude and misknowledge of man for that he neuer entreth into his owne conscience and considereth not his owne proper nature althoughe that his industrie and prouidence be so great that it spreadeth all abrode In such sort that neyther the compasse and largenesse of the Earth the violence nor deepenesse of the Seas neyther the amplitude and spreading of the Ayre neyther the burning heate nor distance of the Sunne neyther yet the course or reuolutiō aswell of y e Clouds as of the Firmamēt can retaine or hinder the celerity of his Spirit but that he will séeke know the nature resort of al y ● is contained in the vniuersal world The furie and rage of y ● wilde beasts he tameth and maistereth and he only remaineth without bridell or snaffle by his diligence and promptnesse of wit he hath described the properties of herbes and plants the secret vertues of stones with the calcionating of mettels And notwithstanding man is so masked and disguised that he knoweth not himselfe He is the Heraulde beginner and foreshewer of things contayned in the circute of this worlde and yet he is blinde and dumbe in his owne doings He foreséeth and discouereth the nature and propertie of the Elementes he reformeth ordeyneth compasseth and weyeth that which is séene vnder the concauits of the Skies And neuerthelesse man in himselfe is as one confoūded and ouercome In consideration wherof my good Lord I haue vnto him addressed this Rule by the which he may contemplate and aduise without being drawen beside him selfe his infirmitie and miserie to the ende that making an anotamie or foreshewing of all the partes of his life he be the sooner moued to detest abhorre his vile and corrupt liuing And if we would be equitable Iudges of humaine actions what is this worlde anye other than a Rule circle or compasse where as some play the handicraftes men of base condicion others represent Kings Dukes Earles Marquesses Knights Barons and others constituted in dignities and notwithstanding assoone as they haue layde downe their maskings and disguisings and that death cōmeth which maketh an ende of this bloudie Tragedie then they knowe themselues to be all men and wretched sinners and then the Lorde God which is in heauen laugheth at their foolish enterprises and vanities as witnesseth y e Prophet Dauid yea with such a dreadfull laughter that he maketh vs quake for feare and the earth to shake Man then in my iudgement is subiect to an infinit number of miseries and calamities in the which he is wrapped in from his birth euen to his graue wherefore séeing this pitiful Metamorphose also his excellēt

recken these kind of people among the terrestrial or aquitall sort doubted whether y e he should number them among the liuing or among the deade And another named Anacharsis sayde that they were no further from death than the bredth of .iij. or ij fingers euen so much as the wood contained in thicknes in the which they sailed And if that their life séemeth vnto vs cruell what greater swéetenesse thinke we to finde in husbandrie and in the labor of the rusticall sort the whiche at the first séemeth vnto vs swéete lucky peaceable simple and innocent also that many Patriarkes and Prophetes haue chosen this kind of liuing as that in which there is least guile and deceit and also that many Romain Emperors haue in times past left their Pallaces Capitols Arkes triumphes glorious and faire buildings and Empires with all the rest of their worldly maiestie for to remaine in the fields to til and labor the earth trées and gardens as we read of Dioclesian Attallus Cirus Constantinus Cesar and others but those that will consider these things more nearer they will saye that among these Roses there are a great many thornes This being true that God hauing driuen mā out of Paradise sent him into the earth as to a place of exile and said vnto him the earth shalbe cursed for thy sake thou shalt eate therof in trauel and paine all the dayes of thy life For she shall bring forth thornes wéedes and thistels and thou shalt eate the hearbes of the field in the sweate of thy face shalt thou eate thy bread till thou be turned againe to earth out of the which thou wast taken But alas who hath more experimented or tasted this which God hath spoken than the poore labourers or husbandmen who manye times after that they haue labored sowed tilled the ground trauelled all the daye long endured extreme heate of the sunne the rigor of the colde sometimes bitings or stingings of venemous serpentes or wormes sweated bloude and water all the yeare long for to dresse the earth theyr nurse hoping to gather the fruites and sodenly behold a haile a frost a tempest a thunder or lightning that will sodenly defraud thē of all their hope To one his shéepe and Oxen die to another whilst that he is labouring in the fields the men of war and souldiers come and rauish that which he hath in such sorte that when he returneth to his house in steade of receiuing consolation and finding rest his wife bewaileth his children crieth out al his familie lamenteth and crieth out for hunger to be short it is no other thing than a griefe and a wounde hauing a continuall cause of dolor which sodenly complaineth of one thing incontinently of another now of the rain then of y e great drith also of the winds and tempests but aboue all the men of war with a company of other griefs figured in forme of a complaint by a Da pacem the which a friende o● mine made me this other day the tennor wherof hereafter followeth A complaint of the pore husbandmen in Meeter made vpon Da pacem Domine in diebus nostris c. O God whom no man can gaine say thou knowest if that I lie That neither horse nor mare is left to whom then shal I crie Da But vnto thée O Lord and King which doest bring things to passe The vengeance therfore that I craue is to giue vs and them alas pacem The peace which is so necessarie giue vs this I thinke best Yet if thou wilt punish mankinde thou hast good cause and maist Domine Our fathers that before haue bene though in the worlde they were The like wickednes haue neuer séene as we which now are here in diebus nostris In labor and in trauell great with face arayed with sweate This thrée dayes haue I laboured yet I and mine want meate quia non est I haue planted sowed cut my vines I haue hedged and dungde my land For to giue foode vnto my babes but who cā their furious foes w estād alius Not one alone doth me molest but I am assailed-day by day As well of theeues as men of war my goods to them are made a pray qui Our shéepe and lambes they do destroy our calues they kill ech one Such men they are that vs annoy helpe thou O God alone pugnet Alas it is a wofull case among vs men of husbandrye When souldiers that go to the warres rob vs as they go by pro nobis O my Creator when I do thinke on thy bountie comfort I craue Knowing that of the wrong that I doé beare of them no recōpence I haue nisi tu In worldlings for to put my trust no there is no reliefe In them there is no helpe at all but in thée my hope most chiefe Deus When pilferie shall cease when reason and good policie In iustice shall take place then the good time shall be Leaue we these poore husbandmen with their miseries and trauels and penitrate more forward Let vs see what is done in the trade of merchandise if we doe consider it externely or outwardly it séemeth voyde from miseries and a promise of rest for the richesse in whiche it aboundeth also for that Plinie sayth it was inuented for the necessitie of life and that many wise men as one Thalus one Solon Hippocratus haue exercised it also that it is an occasion to kéepe Princes in peace and vnity transporting from one citie to another that which aboundeth in the one and lacketh in the other but we cannot so wel cloke it but that y e eye may wel sée how much the life of Merchaunts is vnquiet and to how many daungers they are subiect continually as well by lande as by sea without putting in accompt that for the most part of their time they are as Fugitiues and Vagabondes from their townes and countries and they séeme litle to differ from banished sauing that their banishment is willingly for that they flie runne aud burne by sea and by land by fiers and flames for a couetous heate of an vnmeasurable gaine and they are contented to be depriued of rest ease that they ought to receiue of their owne wines and children lands possessions to be at al times in hazard of their liues by a thousande meanes and ways that are for them prepared of Pirats and others and al for an vnsatiable auarice that doth daily torment them not forgetting how they do periure thēselues beguile and deceiue their neighbor in such sort that with great payne any vsing y e trade can be made rich but by beguiling of others haue in their common prouerb ȳ they néede but turn their back a while to God and enlarge a little the entrie of their conscience for to be riche and surmount fortune to the which we maye adde many other euils and maledictions

a town of Babilonia entred into the great Temple of Apollo whereas they found a Coffer the which they opened thinking that there had ben some great treasure but the ayre that proceded out therof was so infectious that it first infected all the Region of Babilonia and then proceded into Grecia and from Gréece to Rome whereas it moued so many pestilēces that it caused to perish almost the third part of humaine kinde Let vs leaue the auncient histories and treate of those that haue passed vnder our age to the end that we being Christians may learne by the great miseries and afflictions that God hath sent vs the great fragilitie and miserie of oure humaine condition For when that hys wrath is kindled against our sinnes he maketh vs to féele the darts of his rigorous Iustice there is no kinde of paine nor torment but that therwith he afflicteth and persecuteth his creatures what experience had we in the yeare a thousand fiue hundreth twentie eight when that the plague was so grieuous in the French Camp whilst the siege was at Naples whereas the violence of the paine was so prompt and sodaine that they were sooner dead thā they did think to die And this wicked and vnluckie disease did not only afflict the vulgar sort which were almost al consumed but also the great Lordes felt it the Lorde of Lautr●● of Vaudemont de la Vall de Moleac the Chastynery grand Mont and other notable personages the memorie therof can not be renued without teares The lyke chaunced to English men in Bullen whereas the plage was so greate that there was not grounde inough in the towne to burie the deade so that the King of England coulde not finde men in Englande that would goe thither till that they were forced of violence to go for the more there went thither the more there died in such sorte that the foure corners of the town were putrified and corrupted with the smell and vapor that proceded from the deade bodies The yeare before that the deceased King Frauncis of good memorie espoused the Quéene Elinor Almaine was assailed with a new kinde of sickenesse wyth the which the parties that were taken died within xxiiij houres with a sweate and this sicknesse hauing taken his originall in the Occean spred in a moment all ouer Almaine as an embracing that consumeth al for before that a remedie was founde there died so many thousandes of men that manye Prouinces remained desert and forsakē bicause of the putrifaction of the ayre that consumed all that it touched also there where the aire was so infected the dwellers remained marked with a red crosse Ioachim Scilerus writeth that when the pestilence tormented so furiously and by so lōg space of time Englande the powre of the venim was so great that the reasonable creatures did not onelye die but that the birdes left their nests egges and yong ones the beasts left their caues dennes the serpents mowles appered aboue groūd by heaps and left their places for feare of the venemous vapor that was vnder the earth in such sorte that there were found deade vnder the trées and in the fieldes with pushes and botches on their poore members The yere 1546. the last day of Maye there did rise a plage that lasted nine Monethes so great and dreadfull at Aix a Citie in Prouincia whereas the people of all ages died in eating and drinking in such sort that the Churchyardes were so full of deade bodies that there was founde no more place to burie them and the most parte of the diseased fell into a fransie the second day and would cast themselues into Welles others fell oute of their windowes into y e streetes Some other were vexed with a bloudie Flir by the nose the which did runne day and night violently and with the losse of their bloude they lost their liues and it came to such extremitie desolation that womē with childe brought forth the fruite of their wombe out of time they and their fruit dying the which afterward were chaūged to a violet or blewish colour as if the bloud had ben spred al ouer their bodies And to be short the desolation was so great that the father kept no count of his childe nor the husbande of his wife yea with monie in their handes oftentimes they died for default of a glasse of water or if by fortune they had for to eate the sicknesse was so cruel and short that they died many times with meat in their mouthes and the furie of this contagion was so inflamed and al the town so infected that with their looke that they wold cast vpon some they woulde infect them and their winde and breath was so venemous that there would rise botches and sores on the parties that therewith were attainted It is a fearful and pitiful thing in nature the which a Phisition left vs in writing the which was ordeined of the chiefe of the Citie to visite the sicke that the euill was so cruell that no remedie might be found so that they that were taken therewith had no hope of health but by the assault of death And they were so acquainted therewith that when they felt them selues taken they themselues woulde take a shéete and lie downe aliue thereon looking for no other thing than the violent departing that the soule hath for to depart from the bodie his mortall habitacle the whiche he sayeth to haue séene in many and specially in a womā whome he called by a window for to ordeine hir some remedie and ease of hir paine whome also he perceiued by the window how she lay downe hirselfe in hir winding shéete so y ● they that buried y ● infected being entred into hir house shortly after found hir dead and lien in the middest of hir house with hir shéete half sowed There resteth now nothing but to treate of famine which is one of the scourges of Gods iustice as he himselfe hath witnessed to vs by his Prophetes and Apostles sometimes threatning sinners to giue them a heauen of brasse and a earth of fier that is to saye barren that shall not bring forth fruite and for this cause our Lord God declaring to his disciples the plagues that should come shewing before that Nation shal rise against Natiō kingdome against kingdome he addeth euen after that as thoughe one did depende on an other And there shall be pestilence and hunger in certain quarters of the earth For war pestilence and famine are the iij. darts that he is wont to shoote against the earth when that he is angrie with his creatures Let vs nowe sée whether that we haue not ben grieued with this dart aswel as with the others I wil not here shew the cōmon famines that haue raigned diuers times in Asia Europa Affrica but I wyll only make mention of them of most memorie aswell Prophanes as of those in holie scripture