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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57005	A medicinal dispensatory, containing the vvhole body of physick discovering the natures, properties, and vertues of vegetables, minerals, & animals: the manner of compounding medicaments, and the way to administer them. Methodically digested in five books of philosophical and pharmaceutical institutions; three books of physical materials galenical and chymical. Together with a most perfect and absolute pharmacopoea or apothecaries shop. Accommodated with three useful tables. Composed by the illustrious Renodæus, chief physician to the monarch of France; and now Englished and revised, by Richard Tomlinson of London, apothecary.; Dispensatorium medicum. English	Renou, Jean de.; Tomlinson, Richard, Apothecary.	1657 (1657)	Wing R1037A; ESTC R221578	657,240	890

but onely a particular and accidentall knowledge thereof as in Cassia Carthamus and some few more CHAP. XVII How Election of Medicaments may be made from the things premised EVery Cathartick attracts the humour most like it self but Mesne asserts that some purge more particularly by attraction as all those that are more valid some by repression as Stypticks some by lenitude as viscid and lubricating Medicaments and some by mollifying as most Malacticks But of those that purge by Traction those are to be judged better that are lighter and the heavier malignant for the levity of a substance shews its subtilness and rarity gravity its crassitude and density Eorum quae trahendo purgant quaenam meliora Now those that consist of gross matter do hurt more as also those that have superfluous humidity by how much they are lighter by so much better unless they be decayed for those that are lighter have less superfluous humidity which subverts the ventricle and causes pain The state of those that purge by repression from a Styptick faculty consisting in the terrestrial matter Quae comprimendo purgant quomodo seligenda which through their native condition and temper are solid not rare is contrary to the former which are to be judged of from their plenitude or vacuity because these naturally should be gross not rare for by how much these are heavier by so much better As also those that purge by leniating lubricating and mollifying because the faculty of mollifying and lubricating proceeds from humidity which necessarily supposes gravity But that humidity is natural and of its proper temper not excrementious which makes the Medicaments better We may judge of rare and dense substances as of light and heavy for levity concomitates rarity as density doth gravity for the tearms are reciprocal but thin and friable are not the same for every friable thing is not thin nor every pliant gross nor on the contrary but if any Medicament be thin and pure it must necessarily be friable and tender and if any Medicament be gross and impure it will be viscid and clammy these excepted in pliant humid substances as Honey Manna Butter Oil that which is purer is better and what impurer worse That is properly called gross which cannot easily be made smooth or which cannot be bruised into thin parts and that thin which can easily be so reduced That is called thick or dense Crassum Tenue Densum Rarum Grave Lentum Friabile that can pass through none or few Orifices That rare which is apt to pass through many That is heavy which being compact is more conspicuous by weight than magnitude That light which is less in weight than bignesst That which is pliant is so much opposite to that which is friable that the pliant can scarce be wrought upon by pulling or bruising whereas the friable is bruised to powder even with a touch or weight of a finger Now for matter of Temperaments in simple Temperatures hot Medicaments are better than cold and moyst than dry in compounds hot and moyst are most wholsome cold and dry most dangerous But if the election be made from degrees of intention whereas mans temperament is moderate by how much the Medicament comes nearer mans temper by so much it is more wholsome and by how much it is more remote by so much more malignant So that what Medicament soever is four degrees distant from the mean that Medicament is worst and those Medicaments that exceed the extream of four degrees are rather to be adjudged Poysons than Medicaments Now we may thus judge of Medicaments De delectu in secundis qualitatibus by reason of their second qualities as of Tangibles when one Medicament of the same kinde is hard another cold one sharp and another smooth in these the foft is to be preferred before the hard and the smooth before the sharp or rough Durum quid We call that hard according to Galen cap ult lib. 3. de differ puls which is harder than our flesh or to which our flesh yields Molle quid and that contrarywise soft which yieldeth to our flesh and both of them become such two manner of wayes to wit either by Nature or by Art That also is called smooth that hath an equal superficies Love asperum quid That rough which hath an unequal one by reason of some parts higher others lower in it as in Prunes Sebestens Myrobolans and many more Now election of Medicaments may be made from Odour Delectus ab odore for this cause because a sweet oppleasant smell refreshes the spirits restores strength and vigour to them exhilarates the principal members and parts and corroborates their faculties An ill and stinking smell on the contrary burthens and aggravates the head vexes the heart subverts the ventricle infects the spirits moves a loathing causes grievous and laborious purgings and oftentimes vomitings And therefore such purging Medicaments are obdulcora●ed with cordial Electuaries Omnia aromata esse cardiaca whereby their ingratefull odour is amended and the principal parts fortressed against the malign quality of these Medicaments for all odoriferous Spices are the fountain and principle of life Wherefore a good smell is to be preferred before an ill for an ill smell hurts the heart and brain and a good one exhilarates both Gal. cap. 25. lib. 4. de simplic for it is familiar to the spirit contained in the ventricle of the brain which whil'st it is refreshed it makes the faculties more operative CHAP. XVIII A particular disquisition of Tasts WE have with Physicians of best note asserted Oribas cap. 5. lib. 14. collect that three of the nine sapours are hot three cold Sapor acer qualis and three temperate Of all which the sharp tart sapour is hottest which being incited by our heat whereby it is reduced from a potency to an act bites corrodes expresses the sense of a fiery quality and in a manner burns as Indian Pepper as Pelitory or as a little flame There are of these sharp sapours many kinds Aerium multa genera Gal. cap. 17. lib. 4. simpl for some are hot and dry exceeding the fourth degree of heat and are poyson as Sublimate and Arsenicks Others have much humidity mixed with a fiery heat whereby they are made somewhat pleasant and edible as Garlick Onions Leeks Garden cresses and such like Others are contained in a third order as the herb Galingal Pepper Savine Treacle mustard Snap-dragon Helicampane Others are more moderate as Thyme Hyssop Anise Coriander Radish-root Origane And others are sharp absolutely and simply and some are mixed with other sapours as such Medicaments as are sharp and bitter Next to the sharp sapour is the bitter Amarus sapor which proceeds from the assation of the subtil terrestrial parts and it hath not the power of corroding as the sharp but more cleansing than the saltish so that it trouble somely exasperates the tongue

perfection Digestion is a simple Maturation whereby things incocted and untractable are cocted and made more milde and tractable by a digestative heat Circulation is an exaltation of pure Liquor by a circular solution Circulatio Gradatio by the help of the heat in Mercuries or Pelicans Cup. Gradation appertains properly to Metals for it is an exaltation of them to a greater degree of bonity and perfection whereby their weight colour and consistency is brought to a more excellent degree But that I may no longer digress from my purpose I will leave their Chymical Preparations to themselves for this Treatise of Distillation compelled me briefly to touch of these and paint it on the margin as a Work by the by The end of the second Book OF MEDICAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS The third Book Of the composition of general Medicaments CHAP. I. Why Medicaments are compounded AS Simplicity in Nature is before Composition so are simple Medicaments before compound and the antient Physicians as Pliny relates cap. 2. lib. 26. Nat. Histor first prescribed onely Simples to cure Diseases as Diocles Praxagoras Chrysippus and Eristratus Hippocrates also who first laid the foundations of the medicinal Art and gave Laws thereto cured almost all Diseases with simple Medicaments alone Yet saith Aetius cap. 25. tetr 4. serm 2. necessity constrained the exercised Medicks to seek new remedies and compound some Simples because Simples cannot alwayes cure for saith Galen cap. 5. lib. 1. comp med general if Simples onely could preternaturally cure all affections there would be no need of Compounds but this no Simple can do The use therefore of Composition in Medicine is necessary especially for such Diseases as require at once contrary faculties in Medicaments which cannot be in Simples The causes why Medicaments should be compounded are many Serapio cap. lib. 7. first Multas esse causas compositionum medicamemorum when in curing or expelling a disease there is no one simple Medicament altogether contrary to it then must some compound be used which may supply the defect of the simple as when we would moderately cleanse an ulcer we mixe two simple Medicaments the one whereof would do it too potently the other too negligently now from the concourse and commistion of these two will proceed one moderate detersory the second cause of composition is that the violence of the Medicament may be obtunded or its ignavy excited now its violence is obtunded by the admixtion of a more benigne or an opposite Medicament as when with sharp we mixe mild with bitter sweet with calid refrigerating with maligne Cordiall Medicaments The third cause or reason is drawn from the variety of the Maladies to be cured for to every part affected and noxious humour a Medicament that is Analogicall and destinated to the same must be prescribed for it is meet that Medicament must be given to the Brain Lungs or other parts ill affected which hath respect to such parts and will free from such a mortificall cause the situation also and dignity of the parts affected demonstrate composition to be necessary for some part doth not onely require roboration which indeed is a principall effect as the brain by Cephalicks and the heart by Cordialls as Galen commands Cap. 1. lib. 1. comp med gener But also oftentimes alteration and a vindication from the noxious humour which one simple Medicament cannot effect furthermore a part situated farre from the remedy speaks composition to be necessary for some attenuating Medicament must be mixed with these remedies that the quality thereof may permeate to the part affected as Galen declares lib. 1. de comp per gener There are also other lesse necessary causes of composition as when Medicaments are dulcorated with sugar or honey that they may be more acceptable to the palate and heart or when they are condited with Cynamon and other sweet spices or washed in convenient decoctions or composed into the forme of a bole or solid Electuary for many Medicaments are conjoyned mixed and united together for odour sapour colour or jucundities sake and also for preservation to future uses CHAP. II. Of Syrups in Generall WHereas many Plants cannot always be had in readiness and integrall but either their leaves will be fallen or their Roots hidden in the ground as in Winter or their vertue decayed their leaves and flowers being scattered or they will not be found when urgent necessity requires juices are extracted out of them for future uses or their decoctions condited with a sufficient quantity of sugar or honey or both together are prepared so as they may be kept a long time without impairing their strength and vertue after great coction till they acquire the the consistency of a syrup Now a syrup is a certain liquid Medicament of juices or decoctions so long cocted with honey or sugar Syrupus quid for sapour and conservations sake till it attain a just consistency which may be known if one drop of it dropped on a marble stone dilate not but cleave together or taken betwixt ones fingers dwawne out in threads or teats Syrups were invented by the Arabians which Avicena lib. 5. serm 1. tract 6. calls decoctions or juices thickned with sweetnes according to the Arabick word Scarab Sharab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which denotes a certain drink but sweet or Srab which signifies sweet wine or rather a Syrup or potion prepared after our manner the Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the ancients by all these often understood Oinomel or sweet potions for the name syrup and the preparation thereof was scarce known to antient Graecians But some hold that the name syrup is more probably derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 juice and and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to draw Nominis syrupietymologia as it were a juice extracted or that they were derived from Syria or from that which Alexander Aphrodiseus calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wine boyled to the half new wine wine boyled to the third part or a sweet potion of wine and honey Syrups are perfectly cocted with honey or sugar that they may not corrupt but be usefull for a whole yeare and they therefore have a thicker consistency a meane betwixt wine boyled to the third and a julep as an Apozeme betwixt a julep and a syrup for a syrup is not so thick as sapa nor a julep as a syrup nor an Apozeme as a julep for as syrups which because thicker may be kept longer safer so Apozemes and Juleps being thinner may not be kept long and safely for they will not keep one week and therefore Physicians are wont to prescribe them to present use and have them made so oft as necessity requires but we shall treat more largely of these in the next book for now we shall speak of such as may be kept by the Apothecaries for a long time of which for present use

and aliment for the feaverish for it both nourishes and cures and in nourishing supplies the place both of meat and drink and operates like Alita and Rice Gal. lib. 1. de alimen lib. 1. de vict acut cap. 237. libr. de simpl medicament CHAP. XI Of Lohoch or Eclegms made for present use WE have spoken at large of Eclegmes in generall now we come to treat of those in speciall which must be made and exhibited presently being not conservative without alteration because in two or three dayes they rise so much through fermentation that they cannot be kept within their potts unlesse they be agitated with a spatula or liquorice stick for so the sugar is more accurately mixed with the liquor and the mixture settles more easily and may be more securely kept Now Lohochs are prescribed for various effects according to the various matter Eclegmatum usus and qualities of the Medicaments whereof they consist which if they be sweet and gratefull to the palate leniate the asper artery concoct the humours move and educe spittle if dulcoacid incide attenuate and prepare viscous and crasse Phlegme if dulcoamare deterge coct and expurgate But because amaritude very much offends the guste bitter things save in small quantity never ingrede this confecture for it is always almost compounded of sweet things as Liquorice juice Jujubs Pine Apple Sugar-Candy Penidis Electuary of diaireos or diatragacanthum or such like confections pulverated and subacted with honey some fit syrup or both A lohoc thus confected conduces to the incision and attenuation of crasse humors ℞ Electuarii diaireos simplicis ℥ j. sugar candy ℥ ss Loboch incidens Annis conditedʒ ii syrup of Hysop and oxtmell simplex of each ℥ i. ss mixe them well together which you may use often either fasting in the morning or betwixt meales upon a Liquorish stick To coct and expectorate humours the frequent use of this following lohoch doth much conduce ℞ Diatragacanthi frigid ʒ vi diair is Solomonis Alphenici A Lohoch to cause Concoction of each ℥ ss with the syrup of Liquorish or Maidenhaire make it into a Lohoch This Eclegme following stops Rheums falling upon the lungs ℞ Penides Diatrag. frigid of each ℥ ss sugar of Roses ʒ vi To stay a Catarh Terrae Lemniae ℥ ii with the syrup of Poppyes make it into a Linctus This cures eroding fluxions and the distempers of the Lungs or at least reduces them to a better state ℞ Manus Christi perlatae ℥ j. Ter. Sigill pulv Diatragan frigid of eachʒ j. red corall ℥ ss Lapis Haemath ℈ j. with syrup of Balme make it into a Lohoch CHAP. XII Of Apophlegmatismes THE head aggravated with excrementitious humours especially with phlegme may be emptied with many kindes of Medicaments but none can effect this without the molestation of other parts for phlegmagogous potions or pills while they educe Phlegme from the brain do importunately molest the ventricle and members adjoyning and by moving the belly cause grievous pains and very often excite heart aches and swounings Apophlegmatismorum utilitas but Apophlegmatismes being indued with a sapour not so ungratefull affects the concavity of the mouth more gently atracting abundance of Phlegme through the emissaryes of the palate from the brain which may be easily excluded by frequent sputation Now all simples whereon Apophlegmatismes consist are hot and often indued with acrimony whereby they do not onely attenuate incide and attract the cold humour but also excite the expulsive faculty to its worke These things project Phlegme Mastick chewed or made into a gargarisme sage stavesacre thyme penny-royall carthamus pepper mustard bartram ginger acorus the roots of deluce and Cyperus whereof some cut into small pieces are masticated and grinded with the teeth or pulverated and put into some convenient liquour and so formed into pills or trochiskes or obvolved in some thin cloath and made up like a knot or elixated and their decoction percolated and kept in ones mouth like a gargarisme Their more usuall forme is solid that they may be longer detained in the mouth and masticated whence a masticatory is used for an Apophlegmatisme and an apothegmatisme for a masticatory the head must decline while the Medicament is masticated or chewed and the lips be open that the humour attracted and congested may have more free and speedy passage Many formes or receipts of this Medicament might be described but that I may not be tedious one or two shall serve as ℞ Staves-acreʒ iij. mastichʒ ij cubebsʒ j. pellitoryʒ ss make of these a fine powder and with syrup or juice of damasks roses make them into little troches or thus ℞ The roots of orrisʒ ij long pepper mustard-seed pellitory Agaricke of eachʒ j. stavesacreʒ i ss beat these into a very fine powder and with the best honey make them up into the forme of pills globular and rowle them up in sarsnet which at the time you would use them hold in your mouth till Rheume distills CHAP. XIII Of a Purging bolus SUch as nauscate and abhorre liquid purgations and cannot receive pills because of their insuavity or the squalour of their ingredients stand in need of a Medicament which is of a middle consistency betwixt a potion and a pill which antiquity hath named a Bolus for so that is called which is taken by pieces or morsells as the vulgar tearme it Bolus quid so that a Bolus is a piece of a purgative Medicament of the consistency of an opiate fit for ingestion and of such crassitude as it may be easily swallowed whole some of the Latins call it Buccea It may be made of any kind of purgative Ejus materia except such as by their insuavity move loathing and abhorrence or such whose malignity cannot be castigated nor yet their substance be assumed Sometimes alteratives and Aromaticall simples are mixed therewith to correct the effcrous nature of the purgatives or to conciliate a more gratefull odour and sapour or to helpe to the roboration of some part but yet in small quantity least the bulk of the bolus swell too much which the sick do much abhor Delicatuli purgantia aversantur for many are moved at the first taste of a Medicament are angry at the second and mad at the third The manner of the boles confection is most simple as being oft made of nothing but Cassia alone for this is the basis of boles as Aloes is of pilis the use of boles as it is frequent so it is wholesome in hot weather ℞ Of the Pulpe of Cassia newly extracted ℥ j ss A Laxative and cooling Bolus powder of yellow Sanders ℈ j. mix them well together and with syrup of violets make it into a Bolus which take upon the point of a knife drinking broth after it Rhabarb or some scamoniall Medicine is often added to Cassia as to the deduction of choller thus ℞ Ext. Cassiae ℥ j. diapruni solutiviʒ ij

after a little refrigeration the severall species must be by little and little added confounded and mixed with a Spatula till it have got its whose solidity and equability then it must be laid on a marble before it be cold and with the Spatula dilated and planed when it is cold it may be cut into Lozenges square or round of one two or three dramms weight which after they be brought to the hardness of sugar must be laid in boxes or Chests Of what consistency soever the Electuary be whether solid or soft it preserves the strength of the simples well and long Yet doth the soft preserve it longer than the solid because its humidity being greater it more constraines the faculty of the Medicaments and hinders them from being dissipated by the air By how much an Electuary is more gratefull to the Palate by so much the sooner doth its energy and faculty decay for its efficacie will scarce endure a year bitter and ingratefull will endure two or three years and the Antidote against wild beasts bitings or poysons sometimes ten years without damage CHAP. XII Of Hiera HIerae differ little from the Opiate Hiera pierae unde habeant nomen Opiates from liquid Electuaries for they have all the same consistency and often the same purging faculty yet Electuaries and Opiates do sometimes purge neither molesting the belly nor displeasing the palate with their sapour but Hierae besides their purging faculty which they alwayes have are very bitter and unacceptable which their name shewes for they are called Picrae for their exceeding bitterness as Hiera i. e. holy for their excellent effects They are compounded of loosening and bitter yet Medicaments good for the stomack which incide and gently purge grosse and flegmatick humours out of the first region of the body Hiera picra Galeni dicitur quod cam emendarit and especially those that are called Galens Hierae because changed and mended by him Cap. 11. lib. 8. comp med local which saith he are the best remedy for the Melanchollicke affections of the belly for many stomachicall Maladyes have been cured by him in one day therewith for since Aloes is mixed hereunto which is very good for the stomack and Cynamon which is effectuall in opening exterging and attenuating for it is of very thin parts they may be exhibited usefully for all grosse and viscous humours Quib us conveniat quibus non and all affections about the belly and stomach proceeding from vicious juice but not if they proceed from a sharp fever Hiera whose faculty is to calefy and exiccate may not be securely used in those fevers whereby humours are accended in the vessells and whereby the whole body is inflamed though by Galens advice they may safely be used in fevers that are not vehement there are besides Galens Picrae Hierae varia descriptae Hierae variously described various compositions which from their effects are called Hierae and from their sapours Picrae as from that matter which in composition quantitie or qualitie is preheminent one Hiera is called the Colloquintidan Hiera others are confected under the names of Logadius Pacchus or Myrepfius either because they first invented their compositions or else altered augmented and corrected them The descriptious composition and powers of every one shall be largely treated of taught and explained in our book tearmed the shop some Hierae have their purgative power onely from Aloes and that not potent and Galen cap. 2. lib. 4. de loc affect saith that they scarce condescend to the places about the Liver unlesse they be taken in a more ample weight they may be commodiously given for the suffusion or web in the eye because they rather educe noxious humours from the brain than from the stomack but such as admit of Coloquintida or Agarick or both or scammony do potently move the belly and draw hurtfull humours from all the parts of the body and purge them out CHAP. XIII Of Opiates in general OPiates are reckoned amongst liquid Electuaries and so called because they have Opium in their mixture or from their similitude to Hypnoticall Medicaments or from their consistency presently after their inspissation or peradventure from their Colour which in Opium or the juice of black poppy and in liquid Antidotes whether Cordiall or opening is the same And although the Ancients call those Medicaments onely Opiates too strictly which admit of Opium in their mixture of what consistency soever whether solid as the Alcumists Ladanum and Pills of Cynoglosson or soft as the Roman Philonium yet are they in a larger sense taken for any soft Confections Cordiall altering Opiatarum appellatio amplissima purging or narcoticall whether they admit Opium as Antidotes against venemous beasts or they consist only in cordial and altering ingredients as Alkermes and the confection of violets or of purging ingredients as Triphera Diaprunum and such like which are oftner called by the names of Electuaries and Confections than Opiates Now Opiates were invented by Physicians of ancient note Gal. Opiatae cur inventae cap. 2. lib. 2. de loc affect Aet c. 12. lib. 2. de sign caus diut morb to leniate the rigour of griefes for griefe being a sad passion Dolor quid grievous to nature and hard to be indured it doth variously exagitate humours corrupt the blood accend a fever and deject the spirits Ejus affectus so that the Physician is sometimes compelled to relinquish the former disease that he may cure this great symptome with these presidies which though they take not away the cause of the disease yet they so refresh the senses and spirits by conciliating ease and sleepe that the strength of the symptomes being debated they may afterwards extrude the causes of the disease more easily The vehemencie therefore of grief is to be deceived Doloris vehementia desperationis interdum parens sometimes with Narcoticall Medicaments which is sometimes so prevalent that it drives men to that Madnesse that they had rather dye than live and therefore lay violent hands upon themselves Galen hath observed Cap. 5. lib. 7. comp med loc such vehehement vexations and torments in Colicall dolours Confectiones Colicae which might be leniated by severall Medicaments that he described certain Narcoticall Opiates and left them to posterity which he called Colical confections which may mitigate the vehemency of the symptome stay the motion of humours and stupify the senses hence they are called Narcoticall opiates because they bring to the parts a certain necrosy or mortification and they are called Annodyna i. e. grief-absolving Medicines because for present they mitigate and absolve from paine and griefe For Anodynes are not all of one sort Paregorica quae for some are Paregoricall or leniating which are temperate and most agreeing without heat as Hydreole the root of Lillies boyled in milk and oil of Almonds Others are called Alliotical which leniate the

adjutorious for the one consists of Stomachicals for the stomack the other by Cephalicals is accommodated to the head whereunto we sometimes adde astrictives when we would stay the Catarrhs And as a Cucufa involves the whole Cranium so Semicucufa onely half as when this Medicinal Powder interbastated in Cotten is applyed onely to the part affected CHAP. XXIV Of Bags WHen a Physician would use small or pretty big Seeds that are dry or integral and are not of themselves applicable to the part of the body they must before their adhibition be included in some great or small Bag proportionate to the part affected A very small Bag is used to cure the noyse in the ears a large one is adhibited to the Collick and Tympany that it may cover the whole belly The magnitude of the Bag applyed to the region of the heart must be proportionate thereunto as those which being confected of cordial and alexiterial Powders are carried on the region of the heart in time of pestilence to the presidy of it self and its faculties They are either dry Fomenta sicca or humid the dry ones were by the Antients called Foments who did not distinguish between dry Foments and Bags They are applyed to many parts of the body as head heart ventricle liver spleen and Uterus in on quadrate form but they should be long like an Oxes tongue that are adhibited to the spleen and in the form of a Buckler to the ventricle But that the dispensation of the matter may be equal in all the parts of the Bag it must be transversly stitched all over That which is applyed to the heart is most what made of Silk to the other parts of Linnen or Canvas of a rare contexture Calid Bags which consist of Seeds rubbed and irrigated in Wine or Vinegar best confer to refrigerated members and do dissipate flatuosity evoke and absorb humours as this for the Collick or Tympany ℞ A Sacculus to collick passions Grumwell seed lb. ss Bay berries bruised ℥ iij. sweet Fennel seed Dill and Cummin ana ℥ j. common Salt ℥ ij Basil and Morjoran ana m. ss torrefy them all together in a frying pan and recond them hot in a bag which induce upon the part affected and when it grows cold calefy it and apply it again or rather make two that they may be adhibited by course This Bag is eximious in curing cordial affections ℞ A Sacculus to comfort the heart The roots of Angelica Orris Enulacampane Cyperus Gentian Tormentill anaʒ j. Trochisks of Camphor Benioin Storax ana ℈ ij Aliptae moschatae Lignum Aloes yellow Sanders anaʒ ss Mace Cloves Squinant ana ℈ j. Kermes Barberries Citron pill anaʒ ij make of these a gross Powder and put them in a silken Sacculus for the region of the heart I can scarce approve of dry Bags for the Pleurisy nor yet of such as are made madid with a little vapour but think humid Foments more conducible of which before Coifs Frontals and a Buckler are accommodated to the head and stomack but Bags are more convenient for the cure of the Lethargy Apoplexy and excitation of the drowsy senses as this ℞ Cyperus Galangal Cloves Angelica roots Bay berries Cummin anaʒ ij Sage Marjoran Betony Staechados Lavender of both sorts ana m. j. make them all into pretty crass Powder and interbastate it in two Bags for the friction of the skull for it is most convenient to have two Bags especially when we purpose to apply the hot that while one is adhibited the other may calefy and so alternately succeed each other CHAP. XXV Of Dentifricies THE Teeth are obnoxious to very many vices for Nigritude deturpates them Rottenness absumes them Laxity shakes them and Dolour most grievously infests them Dentifricies are prescribed to their nigritude Astrictives to their laxity Detersives and Roboratives to their corruption and a thousand remedies to their dolour or aches for every one professes a secret Experiment for the Tooth-ach But that which once conduces to their cure is afterwards often vain if not discommodious Many Women would rather endure the Tooth-ach than their blackness which notwithstanding the Commonalty regard not yet such a marcour came upon Metrodorus his sons gums Historia that both his axle teeth and also his gums fell out Hip. lib. 5 7. epid Medicks prescribe Dentifricies to exterge and dealbate the teeth in various forms as of Powder Opiate Liniment but the most usual is of Powder thus ℞ Cuttle boneʒ ij white Coral Crystal anaʒ j. Harts horn A Powder to make white the teeth Lignum Lentisci ana ℈ ij make of them a Powder with which rub the teeth This Dentifrice also will dealbate the teeth ℞ Ivory Pumice stone Harts horn anaʒ j. Coral ℈ ij Pearl ℈ j. Cloves Cinnamon Roses Rosemary ana ℈ j. make of these a Powder with which rub the teeth A Dentrifrice in form of an Opiate may be thus confected ℞ Sea horse teeth burnt Alume white Coral anaʒ j. Cuttle bone Dentrificies in the form of an Opiate Pumice stone ana ʒ j. burnt Salt ℈ ij Mace Cloves Lignum Lentisci anaʒ ss make of these a Powder and with Honey of Roses an Opiate Some make others in the form of Trochisks with which when dry and hard they deterge purge and dealbate their teeth CHAP. XXVI Of Odoraments HIppocrates initio lib. de medico went not far from the mark when he said that besides other things artificial culture in apparel and suaveolence was requisite to a Physician wherewith the diseased may be as much delighted as he is wont to be offended either with ungratefull or too fragrant odours for many men hate those odours that either fill the head or molest the sense and cause head-ach and on the contrary are delighted with the vapours that proceed from suaveolent simples which recreate the uterus ventricle heart and brain Whereof Galen cap. 6. lib. 1. de sympt caus giving a reason and proportionating the constitution of odours with them of sapours c. 21. l. 4. de simpl med facult saith As sapours that are familiar are gratefull and pleasant and those ungratefull and unpleasant which are not familiar so those odours that are familiar to the animal spirits are gratefull and suaveolent thereunto and those that are not familiar unpleasant and maleolent And as according to Galen sweet meats are temperate so according to Scaliger suaveolent Medicaments are moderately hot Which things being thus pleasant Odoraments must needs be gratefull to the brain and principal parts Yet some of them are hot in the third degree as Cinnamon Cloves and sweet Cane which we do not use save in small quantity or intermixed with such things as temper their heat for Odoraments objected to the nose in great quantity are graveolent and hurtfull to the brain which recreate it in small quantity because their graveolency is tempered with the ambient air Maleolentia ingrata sacultatibus no●ia or with

approved by long experience Of what use aromatical and other Powders are in Medicinal assumptions applications or compositions we have at large shewed in Chap. 9. Sect. 1. and Book 3. of our Institutions CHAP. 1. Diamargaritum frigidum D. Platearii ℞ of pellucid Pearlsʒ iij. the four greater cool seeds picked the seeds of Purslain and white Poppy white and yellow Sanders Lignum Aloes Ginger red Roses the flowers of Water-lillies Borrage Myrtle-berries of eachʒ j. white and red Coral of eachʒ ss make of all these a fine powder which let be kept in a glass with a narrow orifice The COMMENTARY Aromatical or Cordial Powders are either kept alone in a fit vessel well operculated that their faculties may not expire or with Honey solved into a liquid Electuary or with Sugar cocted into a solid Electuary or Tabels They are kept alone in shops that a part of them when use requires may be dissolved into applicative Medicaments or mixed with introsumptive ones This powder which is denominated from Pearl is so variously described that its Author is not known but every one changes it variously at will This though which we have exhibited out of Platerius is by most learned Writings attested the most genuine And it is called frigid Diamargaritum to difference it from another which is hotter but made of few of none it is also called the compounded Diamargaritum in reference to Manus Christi which consists onely of the Sugar of Roses and of Pearls There is yet another compounded one which admits of many precious Stones Amber and Musk but differing from the Electuary of Gemmes onely in that it refrigerates more It is seldom made The preparation of Diamargaritum is most in triture whereof we have largely treated in our Institutions Pearls are oriental and pellucid which are proved by their candor rotundity smoothness weight and magnitude Those that are ponderous and crass are called vinous which because of their rarity and value seldom ingrede Medicinal Compositions they should like Coral be ducted and levigated upon a Purple-stone The four cold seeds must be minutely incided and pulverated very small then the rest and all confusedly mixed at last Diamargaritum is most efficacious to resartiate strength Vires take away swoundings to help difficult breathers to coct the cough to refresh the tabid to recreate the languisher and to recuperate ones former state CHAP. 2. Electuarium de Gemmis or The Electuary of Gemmes D. Mes ℞ of pellucid Pearlsʒ ij of the fragments of the Saphyr Hyacinth Sardis Granate Smaragdi of eachʒ j. ss of Setwell and Aarons roots Citron Pills Mace Basil-seeds of eachʒ ij red Coral Amber the shavings of Ivory of each ℈ ij both the Beans Cloves Ginger Long-Pepper Spikenard Indian Leaf Saffron Cardamomes of eachʒ j. Troch Diarrhodon Aloes wood of eachʒ v. Cinamon Galangal of eachʒ j. ss the leafs of Gold and Silver of each ℈ ij Moschʒ ss make of these a very fine powder The COMMENTARY This composition is kept either in form of a powder or of an Electuary and that either soft consisting of an equal quantity of powders and of honey of Roses or solid consisting of the same and Sugar of Roses but it is most commodious to keep its powder well occluded in fit vessels for future uses It takes its name from the Gems or precious stones of which it is made with the vulgar and others rare and unknown cordials whose faculties cannot be well learned from the Ancients or Neotericks as appears by the examination we had of Been in whose stead we substitute Enula-Campana's roots both roots being pastinacious cordial and hotter then Bugloss or Borrage which some take for both the Beens the root also of Tormentil may be substituted in stead of each Been But I do not fancy their humours who in composition of this solemn Electuary usurp those exoticall roots designed by the name of the two Beens for either Tormentil alone or Enula alone or an equal quantity of each may be much better assumed for both Beens and if any one would rather have Angelica's root then that of Enula he may The preparation of this powder consists in idoneus triture the Gemmes and Corals must be levigated on a purple stone the roots woods and fruits brayed in a morter and all at length commixed The Electuary of Gems is most efficacious for the cold affections of the brain heart ventricle liver and uterus according to Mesue for it helps the melancholical sad solitary and fearful it cures the palpitation of the heart hinders swounding roborates the languid ventricle and recreates all the intrails but Apothecaries seldome make it because of the rarity and dearness of the simples that ingrede its composition CHAP. 3. Diambra Dom. Mes ℞ of Cinamon supposed Wolfs-bane Cloves Mace Nutmegs Indian leaf Galangal of eachʒ iij. Long Pepper yellow Sanders Aloes wood of eachʒ ij Gingerʒ j. ss both the Cardamomes Spikenard Amber of eachʒ j. Moschʒ ss make of all these a fine powder and so kept for use The COMMENTARY This compound is very aromatical and sweet both because of the Amber from which it is denominated and of the Musk and other Aromata's that ingrede it It is kept either in form of a powder or of a solid Electuary or of Honey if it be required of a hard consistence as that of Tabels its powder must be received into Sugar of Roses perfectly cocted if soft like that of Opiates its powders must be received into the Julep of Roses or Alexandrian Syrupe It s preparation is onely pulveration which must be effected as we have demonstrated in the 9 and 10 Chap. and 2 Book of our Institutions Diambra doth most efficaciously roborate the bowels Vires especially if their imbecillity be from a cold cause for by calefaction it refects the spirits and foments the native heat it helps the affections of the Uterus and is very convenient for old men and women CHAP. 4. Pilvis Diamoschi ℞ of Moschʒ ss the bone of the heart of a Hart pellucid Pearl shavings of Ivory white and red Coral white and yellow Sanders Aloes wood Cinamon Mace and Cloves of eachʒ j. Rose-leaves Water-Lillies of eachʒ j. ss Citron-pill Bugloss-flowers Spikenard of eachʒ ss Camphyr gr ij make of these a fine powder according to Art The COMMENTARY Vulgar Pharmacopolitan Dispensatories abound with many cordial but intensely calefactive Powders and very few refrigeratives consisting onely of all kindes of hot Aromata's promiscuously and confusedly agregated without choyce or care Of which sort the two last descriptions as tradited by the Ancients were and many more which occur in each Antidotary are for Diacyminum Dianisum Diazinziber Diatrium Pipereon Diamargaritum calidum Diamoschum both sweet and amare produce all the same effects having all the same faculties as compounded all of hot Aromata's Wherefore I have not onely castigated but neglected the antique description of Diamoschum and substituted another which well refers the reason of its